1
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Lei HC, Parker KE, Yuede CM, McCall JG, Imai SI. Aging reduces motivation through decreased Bdnf expression in the ventral tegmental area. bioRxiv 2023:2023.01.19.524624. [PMID: 36711943 PMCID: PMC9882313 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.19.524624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Age-associated reduced motivation is a hallmark of neuropsychiatric disorders in the elderly. In our rapidly aging societies, it is critical to keep motivation levels high enough to promote healthspan and lifespan. However, how motivation is reduced during aging remains unknown. Here, we used multiple mouse models to evaluate motivation and related affective states in young and old mice. We also compared the effect of social isolation, a common stressor, to those of aging. We found that both social isolation and aging decreased motivation in mice, but that Bdnf expression in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) was selectively decreased during aging. Furthermore, VTA-specific Bdnf knockdown in young mice recapitulated reduced motivation observed in old mice. These results demonstrate that maintaining Bdnf expression in the VTA could promote motivation to engage in effortful activities and potentially prevent age-associated neuropsychiatric disorders.
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2
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Qazi R, Parker KE, Kim CY, Rill R, Norris MR, Chung J, Bilbily J, Kim JR, Walicki MC, Gereau GB, Lim H, Xiong Y, Lee JR, Tapia MA, Kravitz AV, Will MJ, Ha S, McCall JG, Jeong JW. Scalable and modular wireless-network infrastructure for large-scale behavioural neuroscience. Nat Biomed Eng 2021; 6:771-786. [PMID: 34824397 PMCID: PMC10180496 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-021-00814-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The use of rodents to acquire understanding of the function of neural circuits and of the physiological, genetic and developmental underpinnings of behaviour has been constrained by limitations in the scalability, automation and high-throughput operation of implanted wireless neural devices. Here we report scalable and modular hardware and software infrastructure for setting up and operating remotely programmable miniaturized wireless networks leveraging Bluetooth Low Energy for the study of the long-term behaviour of large groups of rodents. The integrated system allows for automated, scheduled and real-time experimentation via the simultaneous and independent use of multiple neural devices and equipment within and across laboratories. By measuring the locomotion, feeding, arousal and social behaviours of groups of mice or rats, we show that the system allows for bidirectional data transfer from readily available hardware, and that it can be used with programmable pharmacological or optogenetic stimulation. Scalable and modular wireless-network infrastructure should facilitate the remote operation of fully automated large-scale and long-term closed-loop experiments for the study of neural circuits and animal behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raza Qazi
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Kyle E Parker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St. Louis and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Washington University Pain Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Choong Yeon Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ruediger Rill
- Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Makenzie R Norris
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St. Louis and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Washington University Pain Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jaeyoon Chung
- Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - John Bilbily
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St. Louis and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Washington University Pain Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jenny R Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St. Louis and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Washington University Pain Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marie C Walicki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St. Louis and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Washington University Pain Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Graydon B Gereau
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St. Louis and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Washington University Pain Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hyoyoung Lim
- Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Yanyu Xiong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jenna R Lee
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Melissa A Tapia
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Alexxai V Kravitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matthew J Will
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Sangtae Ha
- Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Jordan G McCall
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA. .,Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St. Louis and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. .,Washington University Pain Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA. .,Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Jae-Woong Jeong
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Copits BA, Gowrishankar R, O'Neill PR, Li JN, Girven KS, Yoo JJ, Meshik X, Parker KE, Spangler SM, Elerding AJ, Brown BJ, Shirley SE, Ma KKL, Vasquez AM, Stander MC, Kalyanaraman V, Vogt SK, Samineni VK, Patriarchi T, Tian L, Gautam N, Sunahara RK, Gereau RW, Bruchas MR. A photoswitchable GPCR-based opsin for presynaptic inhibition. Neuron 2021; 109:1791-1809.e11. [PMID: 33979635 PMCID: PMC8194251 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Optical manipulations of genetically defined cell types have generated significant insights into the dynamics of neural circuits. While optogenetic activation has been relatively straightforward, rapid and reversible synaptic inhibition has proven more elusive. Here, we leveraged the natural ability of inhibitory presynaptic GPCRs to suppress synaptic transmission and characterize parapinopsin (PPO) as a GPCR-based opsin for terminal inhibition. PPO is a photoswitchable opsin that couples to Gi/o signaling cascades and is rapidly activated by pulsed blue light, switched off with amber light, and effective for repeated, prolonged, and reversible inhibition. PPO rapidly and reversibly inhibits glutamate, GABA, and dopamine release at presynaptic terminals. Furthermore, PPO alters reward behaviors in a time-locked and reversible manner in vivo. These results demonstrate that PPO fills a significant gap in the neuroscience toolkit for rapid and reversible synaptic inhibition and has broad utility for spatiotemporal control of inhibitory GPCR signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan A Copits
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Raaj Gowrishankar
- Center of Excellence in the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, and Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Patrick R O'Neill
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Shirley and Stefan Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, Semel Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jun-Nan Li
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kasey S Girven
- Center of Excellence in the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, and Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Judy J Yoo
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xenia Meshik
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kyle E Parker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Skylar M Spangler
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Abigail J Elerding
- Center of Excellence in the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, and Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bobbie J Brown
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sofia E Shirley
- Center of Excellence in the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, and Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kelly K L Ma
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexis M Vasquez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - M Christine Stander
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Vani Kalyanaraman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sherri K Vogt
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Vijay K Samineni
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tommaso Patriarchi
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - N Gautam
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Roger K Sunahara
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Robert W Gereau
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael R Bruchas
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Center of Excellence in the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, and Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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4
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Lee J, Parker KE, Kawakami C, Kim JR, Qazi R, Yea J, Zhang S, Kim CY, Bilbily J, Xiao J, Jang KI, McCall JG, Jeong JW. Rapidly-customizable, scalable 3D-printed wireless optogenetic probes for versatile applications in neuroscience. Adv Funct Mater 2020; 30:2004285. [PMID: 33708031 PMCID: PMC7942018 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202004285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Optogenetics is an advanced neuroscience technique that enables the dissection of neural circuitry with high spatiotemporal precision. Recent advances in materials and microfabrication techniques have enabled minimally invasive and biocompatible optical neural probes, thereby facilitating in vivo optogenetic research. However, conventional fabrication techniques rely on cleanroom facilities, which are not easily accessible and are expensive to use, making the overall manufacturing process inconvenient and costly. Moreover, the inherent time-consuming nature of current fabrication procedures impede the rapid customization of neural probes in between in vivo studies. Here, we introduce a new technique stemming from 3D printing technology for the low-cost, mass production of rapidly customizable optogenetic neural probes. We detail the 3D printing production process, on-the-fly design versatility, and biocompatibility of 3D printed optogenetic probes as well as their functional capabilities for wireless in vivo optogenetics. Successful in vivo studies with 3D printed devices highlight the reliability of this easily accessible and flexible manufacturing approach that, with advances in printing technology, can foreshadow its widespread applications in low-cost bioelectronics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyle E. Parker
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy; Center for Clinical Pharmacology, St. Louis College of Pharmacy and Washington University School of Medicine; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Chinatsu Kawakami
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Jenny R. Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy; Center for Clinical Pharmacology, St. Louis College of Pharmacy and Washington University School of Medicine; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Raza Qazi
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Junwoo Yea
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Choong Yeon Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - John Bilbily
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy; Center for Clinical Pharmacology, St. Louis College of Pharmacy and Washington University School of Medicine; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Jianliang Xiao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Kyung-In Jang
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jordan G. McCall
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy; Center for Clinical Pharmacology, St. Louis College of Pharmacy and Washington University School of Medicine; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Jae-Woong Jeong
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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5
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Parker KE, Sugiarto E, Taylor AMW, Pradhan AA, Al-Hasani R. Pain, Motivation, Migraine, and the Microbiome: New Frontiers for Opioid Systems and Disease. Mol Pharmacol 2020; 98:433-444. [PMID: 32958571 DOI: 10.1124/mol.120.119438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades the broad role of opioids in addiction, neuropsychiatric disorders, and pain states has been somewhat well established. However, in recent years, with the rise of technological advances, not only is the existing dogma being challenged, but we are identifying new disease areas in which opioids play a critical role. This review highlights four new areas of exploration in the opioid field. The most recent addition to the opioid family, the nociceptin receptor system, shows promise as the missing link in understanding the neurocircuitry of motivation. It is well known that activation of the kappa opioid receptor system modulates negative affect and dysphoria, but recent studies now implicate the kappa opioid system in the modulation of negative affect associated with pain. Opioids are critical in pain management; however, the often-forgotten delta opioid receptor system has been identified as a novel therapeutic target for headache disorders and migraine. Lastly, changes to the gut microbiome have been shown to directly contribute to many of the symptoms of chronic opioid use and opioid related behaviors. This review summarizes the findings from each of these areas with an emphasis on identifying new therapeutic targets. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The focus of this minireview is to highlight new disease areas or new aspects of disease in which opioids have been implicated; this includes pain, motivation, migraine, and the microbiome. In some cases, this has resulted in the pursuit of a novel therapeutic target and resultant clinical trial. We believe this is very timely and will be a refreshing take on reading about opioids and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle E Parker
- Department of Anesthesiology and Washington University Pain Center, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri (K.E.P, R.A.-H.); Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (K.E.P., R.A.-H.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (E.S., A.M.W.T.); Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (E.S., A.M.W.T.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (A.A.P.); and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri (R.A.-H.)
| | - Elizabeth Sugiarto
- Department of Anesthesiology and Washington University Pain Center, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri (K.E.P, R.A.-H.); Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (K.E.P., R.A.-H.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (E.S., A.M.W.T.); Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (E.S., A.M.W.T.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (A.A.P.); and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri (R.A.-H.)
| | - Anna M W Taylor
- Department of Anesthesiology and Washington University Pain Center, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri (K.E.P, R.A.-H.); Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (K.E.P., R.A.-H.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (E.S., A.M.W.T.); Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (E.S., A.M.W.T.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (A.A.P.); and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri (R.A.-H.)
| | - Amynah A Pradhan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Washington University Pain Center, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri (K.E.P, R.A.-H.); Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (K.E.P., R.A.-H.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (E.S., A.M.W.T.); Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (E.S., A.M.W.T.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (A.A.P.); and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri (R.A.-H.)
| | - Ream Al-Hasani
- Department of Anesthesiology and Washington University Pain Center, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri (K.E.P, R.A.-H.); Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (K.E.P., R.A.-H.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (E.S., A.M.W.T.); Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (E.S., A.M.W.T.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (A.A.P.); and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri (R.A.-H.)
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6
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Byun SH, Sim JY, Zhou Z, Lee J, Qazi R, Walicki MC, Parker KE, Haney MP, Choi SH, Shon A, Gereau GB, Bilbily J, Li S, Liu Y, Yeo WH, McCall JG, Xiao J, Jeong JW. Mechanically transformative electronics, sensors, and implantable devices. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaay0418. [PMID: 31701008 PMCID: PMC6824851 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay0418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, electronics have been designed with static form factors to serve designated purposes. This approach has been an optimal direction for maintaining the overall device performance and reliability for targeted applications. However, electronics capable of changing their shape, flexibility, and stretchability will enable versatile and accommodating systems for more diverse applications. Here, we report design concepts, materials, physics, and manufacturing strategies that enable these reconfigurable electronic systems based on temperature-triggered tuning of mechanical characteristics of device platforms. We applied this technology to create personal electronics with variable stiffness and stretchability, a pressure sensor with tunable bandwidth and sensitivity, and a neural probe that softens upon integration with brain tissue. Together, these types of transformative electronics will substantially broaden the use of electronics for wearable and implantable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyuk Byun
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Yong Sim
- Welfare & Medical ICT Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhanan Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Juhyun Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Raza Qazi
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Marie C. Walicki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, St. Louis College of Pharmacy and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kyle E. Parker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, St. Louis College of Pharmacy and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Matthew P. Haney
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Su Hwan Choi
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahnsei Shon
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Graydon B. Gereau
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, St. Louis College of Pharmacy and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - John Bilbily
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, St. Louis College of Pharmacy and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yuhao Liu
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Woon-Hong Yeo
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Jordan G. McCall
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, St. Louis College of Pharmacy and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jianliang Xiao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Jae-Woong Jeong
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Corresponding author.
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7
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Parker KE, Pedersen CE, Gomez AM, Spangler SM, Walicki MC, Feng SY, Stewart SL, Otis JM, Al-Hasani R, McCall JG, Sakers K, Bhatti DL, Copits BA, Gereau RW, Jhou T, Kash TJ, Dougherty JD, Stuber GD, Bruchas MR. A Paranigral VTA Nociceptin Circuit that Constrains Motivation for Reward. Cell 2019; 178:653-671.e19. [PMID: 31348890 PMCID: PMC7001890 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nociceptin and its receptor are widely distributed throughout the brain in regions associated with reward behavior, yet how and when they act is unknown. Here, we dissected the role of a nociceptin peptide circuit in reward seeking. We generated a prepronociceptin (Pnoc)-Cre mouse line that revealed a unique subpopulation of paranigral ventral tegmental area (pnVTA) neurons enriched in prepronociceptin. Fiber photometry recordings during progressive ratio operant behavior revealed pnVTAPnoc neurons become most active when mice stop seeking natural rewards. Selective pnVTAPnoc neuron ablation, inhibition, and conditional VTA nociceptin receptor (NOPR) deletion increased operant responding, revealing that the pnVTAPnoc nucleus and VTA NOPR signaling are necessary for regulating reward motivation. Additionally, optogenetic and chemogenetic activation of this pnVTAPnoc nucleus caused avoidance and decreased motivation for rewards. These findings provide insight into neuromodulatory circuits that regulate motivated behaviors through identification of a previously unknown neuropeptide-containing pnVTA nucleus that limits motivation for rewards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle E Parker
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Division of Basic Research, Anatomy and Neurobiology, and Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Christian E Pedersen
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Division of Basic Research, Anatomy and Neurobiology, and Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Adrian M Gomez
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Division of Basic Research, Anatomy and Neurobiology, and Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Skylar M Spangler
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Division of Basic Research, Anatomy and Neurobiology, and Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Neuroscience Program (DBBS), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marie C Walicki
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Division of Basic Research, Anatomy and Neurobiology, and Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shelley Y Feng
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Division of Basic Research, Anatomy and Neurobiology, and Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sarah L Stewart
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Division of Basic Research, Anatomy and Neurobiology, and Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - James M Otis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ream Al-Hasani
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Division of Basic Research, Anatomy and Neurobiology, and Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO, USA; Center for Clinical Pharmacology, St. Louis College of Pharmacy and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jordan G McCall
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Division of Basic Research, Anatomy and Neurobiology, and Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO, USA; Center for Clinical Pharmacology, St. Louis College of Pharmacy and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kristina Sakers
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dionnet L Bhatti
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Division of Basic Research, Anatomy and Neurobiology, and Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bryan A Copits
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Division of Basic Research, Anatomy and Neurobiology, and Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert W Gereau
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Division of Basic Research, Anatomy and Neurobiology, and Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Thomas Jhou
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Thomas J Kash
- Department of Pharmacology and Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joseph D Dougherty
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Garret D Stuber
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael R Bruchas
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Division of Basic Research, Anatomy and Neurobiology, and Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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8
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Lee JR, Parker KE, Tapia M, Johns HW, Floros TG, Roberts MD, Booth FW, Will MJ. Voluntary wheel running effects on intra-accumbens opioid high-fat feeding and locomotor behavior in Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rat strains. Physiol Behav 2019; 206:67-75. [PMID: 30807769 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the influence of physical activity vs. sedentary home cage conditions on baseline and opioid-driven high-fat feeding behaviors in two common strains of laboratory rats. Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats were singly housed with either access to a voluntary running wheel (RUN) or locked-wheel (SED) for 5 weeks, before being stereotaxically implanted with bilateral cannulae targeting the nucleus accumbens. Following recovery, with RUN or SED conditions continuing the duration of the experiment, all rats were given 2 h daily access to a high-fat diet for 6 consecutive days to establish a stable baseline intake. Over the next 2 weeks, all subjects were administered the μ-opioid agonist D-Ala2, NMe-Phe4, Glyol5-enkephalin (DAMGO) (multiple dose range) or saline into the nucleus accumbens, immediately followed by 2 h access to a high-fat diet. Drug treatments were separated by at least 1 day and treatment order was counterbalanced. Baseline consumption of the high-fat diet during the 1-week baseline acclimation period did not differ between RUN and SED groups in either rat strain. Higher doses of DAMGO produced increased fat consumption in both strains of rats, yet no differences were observed between RUN vs. SED treated groups. However, SED treatment produced a greater locomotor response following intra-accumbens DAMGO administration, compared to the RUN condition, during the 2 h feeding session. The data suggest that the animals housed in sedentary versus voluntary wheel running conditions may differ in behavioral tolerance to the locomotor but not the orexigenic activating properties of intra-accumbens DAMGO treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna R Lee
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Kyle E Parker
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Melissa Tapia
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Howard W Johns
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ted G Floros
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Michael D Roberts
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Frank W Booth
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Matthew J Will
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Abstract
The nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) peptide (NOP) receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor with wide distribution throughout the peripheral and central nervous system. Similar to other opioid receptors, NOP receptors couple to intracellular second messengers and regulatory proteins to affect biological systems. In this chapter, we review the current literature for NOP signaling cascades including their role as classic GPCRs, the investigation of their kinase and arrestin signaling pathways, and the importance of examining biased signaling to critically evaluate the therapeutic potential of novel NOP agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle E Parker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Basic Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael R Bruchas
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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10
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Abstract
Nociceptin opioid peptide receptor agonists interact with mu-opioid receptor agonists for pain relief. A new study by Ding et al. (2018) examines a bifunctional nociceptin- and mu-opioid receptor agonist, AT-121, that provides analgesia without physiological side effects or abuse liability, offering a promising new hope toward better analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle E Parker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Basic Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael R Bruchas
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Basic Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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11
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Parker KE, McCabe MP, Johns HW, Lund DK, Odu F, Sharma R, Thakkar MM, Cornelison DDW, Will MJ. Neural activation patterns underlying basolateral amygdala influence on intra-accumbens opioid-driven consummatory versus appetitive high-fat feeding behaviors in the rat. Behav Neurosci 2015; 129:812-21. [PMID: 26501175 DOI: 10.1037/bne0000095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The present study explored the role of the amygdala in mediating a unique pattern of feeding behavior driven by intra-accumbens (intra-Acb) opioid activation in the rat. Temporary inactivation of the basolateral amygdala (BLA), via GABAA agonist muscimol administration prevents increased consumption following intra-Acb opioid administration of the selective μ-opioid agonist D-Ala2, NMe-Phe4, Glyol5-enkephalin (DAMGO), yet leaves food approach behaviors intact, particularly after consumption has ended. One interpretation is that inactivation of the BLA selectively blocks neural activity underlying DAMGO-driven consummatory (consumption) but not appetitive (approach) behaviors. The present experiments take advantage of this temporal dissociation of consumption and approach behaviors to investigate their associated neural activity. Following either intra-Acb saline or DAMGO administration, with or without BLA muscimol administration, rats were given 2-hr access to a limited amount of high-fat diet. Immediately following the feeding session, rats were sacrificed and brains assayed for neural activity patterns across critical brain regions known to regulate both appetitive and consummatory feeding behaviors. The results show that intra-Acb DAMGO administration increased c-Fos activation in orexin neurons within the perifornical area of the hypothalamus and that this increase in activation is blocked by BLA muscimol inactivation. Intra-Acb DAMGO administration significantly increased c-Fos activation within dopaminergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area, compared to saline controls, and BLA inactivation had no effect on this increase. Overall, these data provide underlying circuitry that may mediate the selective influence of the BLA on driving consummatory, but not appetitive, feeding behaviors in a model of hedonically driven feeding behavior.
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Parker KE, Johns HW, Floros TG, Will MJ. Central amygdala opioid transmission is necessary for increased high-fat intake following 24-h food deprivation, but not following intra-accumbens opioid administration. Behav Brain Res 2013; 260:131-8. [PMID: 24257074 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated a dissociation of certain neural mediators that contribute to the increased consumption of a high-fat diet that follows intra-accumbens (Acb) administration of μ-opioid receptor agonists vs. 24-h food deprivation. These two models, both which induce rapid consumption of the diet, have been shown to involve a distributed corticolimbic circuitry, including the amygdala. Specifically, the central amygdala (CeA) has been shown to be involved in high-fat feeding within both opioid and food-deprivation driven models. The present experiments were conducted to examine the more specific role of CeA opioid transmission in mediating high-fat feeding driven by either intra-Acb administration of the μ-opioid agonist d-Ala2-NMe-Phe4-Glyol5-enkephalin (DAMGO) or 24-h home cage food deprivation. Injection of DAMGO into the Acb (0.25 μg/0.5 μl/side) increased consumption of the high-fat diet, but this feeding was unaffected by administration of opioid antagonist, naltrexone (5 μg/0.25 μl/side) administered into the CeA. In contrast, intra-CeA naltrexone administration attenuated high-fat intake driven by 24-h food deprivation, demonstrating a specific role for CeA opioid transmission in high-fat consumption. Intra-CeA naltrexone administration alone had no effect on baseline feeding levels within either feeding model. These findings suggest that CeA opioid transmission mediates consumption of a palatable high-fat diet driven by short-term negative-energy balance (24-h food deprivation), but not intra-Acb opioid receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle E Parker
- Department of Psychology, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Howard W Johns
- Department of Psychology, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Ted G Floros
- Department of Psychology, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Matthew J Will
- Department of Psychology, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Roberts MD, Gilpin L, Parker KE, Childs TE, Will MJ, Booth FW. Dopamine D1 receptor modulation in nucleus accumbens lowers voluntary wheel running in rats bred to run high distances. Physiol Behav 2011; 105:661-8. [PMID: 22001493 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine signaling in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) has been postulated to influence reward development towards drugs of abuse and exercise. Herein, we used generation 4-5 rats that were selectively bred to voluntary run high (HVR) versus low (LVR) distances in order to examine if dopamine-like 1 (D1) receptor modulation in the NAc differentially affects nightly voluntary wheel running between these lines. A subset of generation 5-6 HVR and LVR rats were also used to study the mRNA expression of key genes related to reward and addiction in the NAc (i.e., DRD1, DRD5, DRD2, Nr4a2, FosB, and BDNF). In a crossover fashion, a D1-like agonist SKF 82958 (2 μg per side) or D1-like full antagonist SCH 23390 (4 μg per side) was bilaterally injected into the NAc of HVR and LVR female Wistar rats prior to their high running nights. Notably, during hours 2-4 (between 2000 and 2300) of the dark cycle there was a significant decrement in running distances in the HVR rats treated with the D1 agonist (p=0.025) and antagonist (p=0.017) whereas the running distances in LVR rats were not affected. Interestingly, HVR and LVR rats possessed similar NAc concentrations of the studied mRNAs. These data suggest that: a) animals predisposed to run high distances on a nightly basis may quickly develop a rewarding response to exercise due to an optimal D1-like receptor signaling pathway in the NAc that can be perturbed by either activation or blocking, b) D1-like agonist or antagonist injections do not increase running distances in rats that are bred to run low nightly distances, and c) running differences between HVR and LVR animals are seemingly not due to the expression of the studied mRNAs. Given the societal prevalence of obesity and extraneous physical inactivity, future studies should be performed in order to further determine the culprit for the low running phenotype observed in LVR animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Roberts
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
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14
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Parker KE, McCall JG, Will MJ. Basolateral amygdala opioids contribute to increased high-fat intake following intra-accumbens opioid administration, but not following 24-h food deprivation. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2010; 97:262-6. [PMID: 20801150 PMCID: PMC2988487 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2010.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2010] [Revised: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated that administration of μ-opioid receptor agonists into the nucleus accumbens increases high-fat diet consumption in sated rats and has shown a role of basolateral amygdala (BLA) activity in mediating this response. The present experiments were conducted to examine the role of BLA opioid transmission in mediating high-fat feeding driven by either intra-accumbens opioid activation or 24-h home cage food deprivation. Injection of the μ-opioid agonist, d-Ala2-NMe-Phe4-Glyol5-enkephalin (DAMGO) into the nucleus accumbens (0.25μg/0.5μl/side) increased consumption of a high-fat diet, and this effect was attenuated by pre-treatment with the opioid antagonist, naltrexone (5μg/0.25μl/side) administered into the BLA. In contrast, intra-BLA naltrexone administration had no influence on the increase in high-fat intake following 24-h food deprivation. These findings suggest that BLA opioid transmission is an important mediator of palatability-driven feeding as modeled by intra-accumbens opioid activation, while BLA opioid transmission has no significant influence on the increase in high-fat feeding driven by short-term negative-energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle E Parker
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, United States.
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15
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Simonyi A, Serfozo P, Parker KE, Ramsey AK, Schachtman TR. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 in conditioned taste aversion learning. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2009; 92:460-3. [PMID: 19439188 PMCID: PMC2770935 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2009.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2008] [Revised: 04/20/2009] [Accepted: 05/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In conditioned taste aversion (CTA), animals learn to avoid a flavored solution (conditioned stimulus, CS) previously paired with internal malaise (unconditioned stimulus, US). Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) has been implicated in learning and memory processes and is necessary for CTA. In the present study, local microinjections of a mGlu5-selective antagonist, 3-[2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4yl)ethynyl]pyridine (MTEP, 0, 1 or 5 microg) into the insular cortex and basolateral amygdala were used in male, Sprague-Dawley rats to examine the role of mGlu5 receptors in the encoding of taste memory. MTEP was infused 20 min before saccharin intake during CTA conditioning. MTEP injection into the basolateral amygdala resulted in robust CTA, similar to the vehicle-treated animals but slowed extinction; that is, MTEP enhanced CTA. MTEP injection into the insular cortex resulted in an increased saccharin intake on the conditioning trial, which potentially influenced the performance on the test trials; MTEP had no effect on CTA learning when controlled access to saccharin was used on the conditioning trial. These results indicate that mGlu5 receptors are involved in taste memories in a region-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Simonyi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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16
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Will MJ, Pritchett CE, Parker KE, Sawani AM, Ma H, Lai AY. Behavioral characterization of amygdala involvement in mediating intra-accumbens opioid-driven feeding behavior. Behav Neurosci 2009; 123:781-93. [PMID: 19634936 PMCID: PMC4445738 DOI: 10.1037/a0016060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The present experiments were conducted to provide a more detailed behavioral analysis of the dissociable roles of the basolateral (BLA) and central nucleus (CeA) of the amygdala in mediating intra-accumbens (Acb) opioid-induced feeding of a high-fat diet. Confirming previous findings, temporary inactivation of the CeA with the GABAA agonist muscimol reduced DAMGO (D-Ala2-NMe-Phe4-Glyol5-enkephalin)-induced and baseline food intake, whereas intra-BLA muscimol selectively blocked only DAMGO-induced food intake, leaving baseline feeding intact. However, although inactivation of the BLA reduced DAMGO-induced food intake to control levels, this treatment led to exaggerated number and duration of food hopper entries after food intake had ended. A subsequent experiment under conditions of limited access to the diet found the identical pattern of behavior following intra-Acb administration of DAMGO, regardless of whether the BLA was inactivated. Last, BLA inactivation was shown to have no influence on feeding driven by a state of negative-energy balance (24-hr food deprivation), demonstrating a specific influence of the BLA on opioid-driven feeding. These findings suggest that BLA mediates palatability-driven feeding and that this influence is particular to the consummatory act of ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Will
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Christopher Bond Life Sciences Center, 1201 Rollins St., Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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17
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Riley RG, Thompson CJ, Huesemann MH, Wang Z, Peyton B, Fortman T, Truex MJ, Parker KE. Artificial aging of phenanthrene in porous silicas using supercritical carbon dioxide. Environ Sci Technol 2001; 35:3707-3712. [PMID: 11783649 DOI: 10.1021/es0020613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Expedited artificial aging is described and demonstrated using a novel system that circulates a solution of supercritical carbon dioxide and a hydrophobic organic sorbate (phenanthrene) through a closed loop containing a porous substrate. Unlike traditional methods used to simulate the natural aging process, our approach allows for real-time monitoring of sorption equilibria, and the process is highly accelerated due to the unique physical properties of supercritcal carbon dioxide. The effectiveness of the system to simulate aging was demonstrated with a series of experiments in which three silicas with varying particle and pore sizes were loaded with phenanthrene. Batch aqueous desorption experiments were used to evaluate the extent of the aging process. For the two types of particles containing the largest pores (i.e., mean diameters of 202 and 66 A), 95% and 86%, respectively, of the phenanthrene was released to the aqueous fraction within 3 h. In contrast, only 16% of the phenanthrene was released from particles having a mean pore diameter of 21 A after 24 h. These results were confirmed by the results from an aqueous column desorption experiment. Confounding factors that might contribute to slow aqueous desorption such as the hydration state of the particles' surfaces, the chemical form of the loaded phenanthrene, and the organic carbon content were investigated and/or normalized for all three particle types. Consequently, we were able to attribute the slow desorption behavior and the presence of the resistant fraction in the 21 A silica to pore effects. With properly designed experiments, the results of this study suggest that the supercritical fluid system could be extended to the study of contaminant aging and bioavailability in natural soils and sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Riley
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
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Abstract
1. ATP-gated non-selective cation channels from the rat vas deferens (P2X1 receptors) were stably expressed in HEK 293 cells, assayed by patch clamp on the first day after passage of the culture, and found to have whole-cell current kinetics markedly faster in both activation and desensitization than those found in the native vas deferens tissue, in agreement with previous reports. 2. By the second day after passage of the culture, however, the whole-cell current kinetics of the expressed receptors shifted, slowing in both activation and desensitization. The kinetic change correlated with a change in phenotype of the host cells from round to flat, and the slower kinetics were similar to native P2X1 currents recorded from dissociated rat vas deferens smooth muscle cells. Two point mutations in a pore-like domain near or within the second transmembrane domain of the P2X1 receptor appeared to confer on the receptor the inability to effect this change in kinetics over time. 3. Treatment of cells on day 3 after passage with cytochalasins B or D caused a reversion to the rapid kinetics phenotype, implicating the actin cytoskeleton in the development of the native kinetics. P2X1 receptors may therefore require interaction with an intact actin cytoskeleton for native kinetics, and the mutants may be defective either in interaction with the actin skeleton or in coupling the interaction to gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Parker
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Abstract
Extracellular ATP released from nerves onto vascular smooth muscle or released from damaged tissues during traumatic injury, shock, or ischemia profoundly alters cardiovascular physiology. We have used patch-clamp methods to investigate the effects of extracellular ATP on guinea pig ventricular myocytes because guinea pigs are a commonly used model for the study of cardiac electrophysiology. We have found that ATP activates a rapid, desensitizing, inward current. This inward current is activated by a P2 receptor that does not conform to published receptor subclasses. A concentration of 100 microM ATP activates more current than 100 microM alpha, beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate, which in turn activates more current than 100 microM ADP. 2-Methylthioadenosine 5'-triphosphate (2-MeS-ATP) and adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) are also effective agonists. Adenosine, AMP, guanosine 5'-triphosphate, and uridine 5'-triphosphate are ineffective at 100 microM. The inward conductance has a reversal potential near 0 mV and in ion-substitution experiments was found to be carried through nonselective cation channels rather than chloride channels. The conductance has inwardly rectifying current-voltage (I-V) relations. When ATP is used as the agonist, fluctuation analysis yields an apparent unitary conductance of 0.08 pA at a holding potential of -120 mV with sodium as the main charge-carrying ion. The combination of inwardly rectifying I-V relations, the efficacy of 2-MeS-ATP, and the very low conductance distinguish this conductance from other ATP-activated nonselective channels, including those recently cloned from rat vas deferens and PC-12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Parker
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4970, USA
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Bogers WM, Lang F, Parker KE, Le Mauff B, Anegon I, Jacques Y, Soulillou JP. Rat interleukin-2 immunoglobulin M fusion proteins are cytotoxic in vitro for cells expressing the IL-2 receptor and can abolish cell-mediated immunity in vivo. Transplantation 1994; 58:932-9. [PMID: 7940738 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199410270-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid cDNA coding for a fusion protein between rat interleukin 2 (IL-2) and a truncated heavy chain from rat immunoglobulin M (IgM) was constructed. The rat IL-2 and rat IgM CH2-3-4 hybrid gene was subcloned into a vector (PKCR6) for expression of the fusion molecule in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Cells transfected with the hybrid cDNA secrete multimeric forms of the fusion protein (IL-2-Mu). Size analysis of the construct revealed that the majority (95%) of the secreted proteins have a high mw (> 500 kDa). The IL-2-Mu construct bind specifically to cells bearing the IL-2 receptors (IL-2R) with a binding affinity around 5 nM. The specific binding to IL-2R leads to T cell proliferation or, if rabbit complement is added, to T cell lysis. Multimeric forms (> 500 kDa) of the fusion protein mediate complement-dependent lysis but trigger only weak proliferation when compared with the low-mw forms (< 500 kDa). In contrast, the latter only efficiently mediate T cell proliferation without inducing complement-dependent lysis. After intravenous administration of CHO supernatant containing IL-2-Mu, or purified IL-2-Mu proteins into rats, the fusion proteins disappeared from the circulation with a t1/2 of 1 hr. The circulating IL-2-Mu constructs in the rat serum retained their capacity to induce complement-dependent lysis of IL-2R-bearing T cells in vitro. Furthermore, the IL-2-Mu construct was able to suppress the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction (an IL-2R, T helper cell-dependent event) in mice. A weak immune response (antirat IL-2-Mu antibodies) was observed when rats received multiple daily injections of the construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Bogers
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U211), Institut de Biologie, Nantes, France
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Abstract
The allo-antibody response of several rat strains to an unconjugated synthetic 20 amino acid peptide derived from the alpha helical region of the RT1-Du beta chain was tested. The LEW (RT1l) and WAG (RT1u) strains produced little or no antibody; the PVG (RT1c) and DA (RT1av1) strains produced moderate amounts of antibody; while the BN (RT1n) strain produced strong primary and secondary antibody responses. This suggested that the BN strain was able to process and present the RT1-Dbu peptide on its class II molecules. In vitro proliferation studies demonstrated that LEW T cells did not respond to the peptide, whereas BN T cells responded strongly, and that the response in the BN strain was found only in the CD4+ T-cell subset. However, immunisation of BN rats with the RT1-Dbu peptide failed to cause any acceleration of rejection of WAG skin or kidney grafts. Moreover, BN rats primed with WAG skin and kidney grafts did not produce T cells reactive to the RT1-Dbu synthetic peptide. This suggests that the T-cell response of the BN strain to the synthetic major histocompatibility complex peptide was not relevant to the indirect T-cell allo-recognition response to naturally processed RT1-Du beta chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Murphy
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Child Health, University of London, UK
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Chapman CG, Clinkenbeard HE, Parker KE, Spackman VM, Dobbelaere DA, Robinson JH, Browne MJ. Structure/function analysis of interleukin 4: interspecies comparison and site-directed mutagenesis. Biochem Soc Trans 1994; 22:234S. [PMID: 7958295 DOI: 10.1042/bst022234s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C G Chapman
- Dept of Biotechnology, SmithKline Beecham, Harlow, Essex, U.K
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Parker KE, Bugeon L, Cuturi MC, Soulillou JP. Cloning of cDNA coding for the rat mu heavy chain constant region: differences between rat allotypes. Immunogenetics 1994; 39:159. [PMID: 8276460 DOI: 10.1007/bf00188621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K E Parker
- Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U211), Unité de Recherche sur les effecteurs lymphocytaires T, Nantes, France
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Aker JG, Parker KE. Anesthetic management for emergent cesarean section in a patient with penetrating head injury. Nurse Anesth 1993; 4:125-9. [PMID: 8218446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Anesthetic intervention in the parturient is challenging as a consequence of the anatomic and physiological changes of pregnancy. The added encumbrance of central nervous system injury requires careful consideration for the selection of anesthetic agents and the management of anesthetic technique, with emphasis on the maintenance of maternal neurological function and fetal well-being. The authors discuss the selection of anesthetic agents and management of anesthesia in an acute head-injured parturient who required emergent intervention for the delivery of a premature infant.
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Parker KE, Cuturi MC, Soulillou JP. Generation of a potentially immunosuppressive rat interleukin-2 immunoglobulin M fusion molecule. Transplant Proc 1993; 25:774-5. [PMID: 8438476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K E Parker
- INSERM U211 (Unité de Recherche sur les effecteurs lymphocytaires T), Centre Hospitalo Universitaire, Nantes, France
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Parker KE, Giral M, Soulillou JP. Fusion proteins in immunointervention. Transplant Proc 1992; 24:2362-5. [PMID: 1465797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K E Parker
- INSERM (Unité de Recherche sur les effecteurs lymphocytaires T), Centre Hospitalo Universitaire, Nantes, France
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Parker KE, Dalchau R, Fowler VJ, Priestley CA, Carter CA, Fabre JW. Stimulation of CD4+ T lymphocytes by allogeneic MHC peptides presented on autologous antigen-presenting cells. Evidence of the indirect pathway of allorecognition in some strain combinations. Transplantation 1992; 53:918-24. [PMID: 1348884 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199204000-00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A preliminary analysis of the alloantibody response to free, unconjugated class I and class II MHC peptides in several rat and mouse strains was performed, to screen for an effective interaction between the allogeneic MHC peptides and recipient MHC molecules. The PVG rat strain was noted to produce very strong, MHC-restricted, primary and secondary responses to a synthetic peptide derived from the alpha helical region of the alpha 2 domain of an RT1.C/E class I MHC molecule of the DA strain. In vitro proliferation studies demonstrated that CD4+ but not CD8+ T cells of the PVG strain responded in a recipient APC-dependent manner to the peptide, whereas the BN strain (which showed no antibody response to this peptide) gave no T cell proliferation. Immunization of PVG rats with the peptide did not influence the rejection of DA skin allografts. The relevance of these studies to the possible mechanisms of allograft rejection by an indirect pathway are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Parker
- Blond McIndoe Centre, Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, Sussex, England
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Parker KE, Carter CA, Murphy G, Fabre JW. The rat RT.BM1 MHC class I cDNA shows a high level of sequence similarity to the mouse H-2T23d gene. Immunogenetics 1991; 34:211-3. [PMID: 1894314 DOI: 10.1007/bf00205827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K E Parker
- Blond McIndoe Centre, Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, Sussex, England
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Abstract
We have investigated the transport of tritiated indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in intact, red light-grown maize (Zea mays) coleoptiles during gravitropic induction and the subsequent development of curvature. This auxin is transported down the length of gravistimulated coleoptiles at a rate comparable to that in normal, upright plants. Transport is initially symmetrical across the coleoptile, but between 30 and 40 minutes after plants are turned horizontal a lateral redistribution of the IAA already present in the transport stream occurs. By 60 minutes after the beginning of the gravitropic stimulus, the ratio of tritiated tracer auxin in the lower half with respect to the upper half is approximately 2:1. The redistribution of growth that causes gravitropic curvature follows the IAA redistribution by 5 or 10 minutes at the minimum in most regions of the coleoptile. Immobilization of tracer auxin from the transport stream during gravitropism was not detectable in the most apical 10 millimeters. Previous reports have shown that in intact, red light-grown maize coleoptiles, endogenous auxin is limiting for growth, the tissue is linearly responsive to linearly increasing concentrations of small amounts of added auxin, and the lag time for the stimulation of straight growth by added IAA is approximately 8 or 9 minutes (TI Baskin, M Iino, PB Green, WR Briggs [1985] Plant Cell Environ 8: 595-603; TI Baskin, WR Briggs, M Iino [1986] Plant Physiol 81: 306-309). We conclude that redistribution of IAA in the transport stream occurs in maize coleoptiles during gravitropism, and is sufficient in degree and timing to be the immediate cause of gravitropic curvature.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Parker
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, California 94305
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Abstract
We have characterized the transport of [(3)H]indoleacetic acid (IAA) in intact corn (Zea mays L.) coleoptiles. We have used a wide range of concentrations of added IAA (28 femtomoles to 100 picomoles taken up over 60 minutes). The shape of the transport curve varies with the concentration of added IAA, although the rate of movement of the observed front of tracer is invariant with concentration. At the lowest concentration of tracer used, the labeled IAA in the transport stream is not detectably metabolized or immobilized, curvature does not develop as a result of tracer application, and normal phototropic and gravitropic responsiveness are not affected. Therefore we believe we are observing the transport of true tracer quantities of labeled auxin at this lowest concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Parker
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, California 94305
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Parker
- Blond McIndoe Centre, Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, Sussex, England
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Abstract
Drugs which induce systemic lupus erythematosus as a toxic side effect have been shown to inhibit the covalent binding of C4, which is an important event in immune complex clearance in normal individuals. Human C4 is encoded at two polymorphic loci, C4A and C4B within the Major Histocompatibility Complex and patients with idiopathic SLE are more likely to have a non-functional (null) C4A gene. The C4A and C4B gene products differ in reactivity with C4A being more reactive with nitrogen nucleophiles, including hydralazine and isoniazid (drugs which induce SLE), than with oxygen nucleophiles. We have established an assay system which allows the effect of nucleophiles on C4 in animal sera to be investigated. It has been found that in comparing reactivity of guinea-pig C4 with human C4A and human C4B that guinea-pig C4 is like human C4A and shows greater reactivity towards nitrogen nucleophiles than towards oxygen nucleophiles. This suggests that the guinea-pig should be a good animal model for drug-induced SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, England
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