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Wang S, Falcone R, Richmond B, Averbeck BB. Attractor dynamics reflect decision confidence in macaque prefrontal cortex. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:1970-1980. [PMID: 37798412 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01445-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Decisions are made with different degrees of consistency, and this consistency can be linked to the confidence that the best choice has been made. Theoretical work suggests that attractor dynamics in networks can account for choice consistency, but how this is implemented in the brain remains unclear. Here we provide evidence that the energy landscape around attractor basins in population neural activity in the prefrontal cortex reflects choice consistency. We trained two rhesus monkeys to make accept/reject decisions based on pretrained visual cues that signaled reward offers with different magnitudes and delays to reward. Monkeys made consistent decisions for very good and very bad offers, but decisions were less consistent for intermediate offers. Analysis of neural data showed that the attractor basins around patterns of activity reflecting decisions had steeper landscapes for offers that led to consistent decisions. Therefore, we provide neural evidence that energy landscapes predict decision consistency, which reflects decision confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Wang
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rossella Falcone
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Leo M. Davidoff Department of Neurological Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Barry Richmond
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bruno B Averbeck
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Wang S, Falcone R, Richmond B, Averbeck BB. Attractor dynamics reflect decision confidence in macaque prefrontal cortex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.17.558139. [PMID: 37886489 PMCID: PMC10602028 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.17.558139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Decisions are made with different degrees of consistency, and this consistency can be linked to the confidence that the best choice has been made. Theoretical work suggests that attractor dynamics in networks can account for choice consistency, but how this is implemented in the brain remains unclear. Here, we provide evidence that the energy landscape around attractor basins in population neural activity in prefrontal cortex reflects choice consistency. We trained two rhesus monkeys to make accept/reject decisions based on pretrained visual cues that signaled reward offers with different magnitudes and delays-to-reward. Monkeys made consistent decisions for very good and very bad offers, but decisions were less consistent for intermediate offers. Analysis of neural data showed that the attractor basins around patterns of activity reflecting decisions had steeper landscapes for offers that led to consistent decisions. Therefore, we provide neural evidence that energy landscapes predict decision consistency, which reflects decision confidence.
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Yusif Rodriguez N, McKim TH, Basu D, Ahuja A, Desrochers TM. Monkey Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Represents Abstract Visual Sequences during a No-Report Task. J Neurosci 2023; 43:2741-2755. [PMID: 36868856 PMCID: PMC10089245 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2058-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitoring sequential information is an essential component of our daily lives. Many of these sequences are abstract, in that they do not depend on the individual stimuli, but do depend on an ordered set of rules (e.g., chop then stir when cooking). Despite the ubiquity and utility of abstract sequential monitoring, little is known about its neural mechanisms. Human rostrolateral prefrontal cortex (RLPFC) exhibits specific increases in neural activity (i.e., "ramping") during abstract sequences. Monkey dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been shown to represent sequential information in motor (not abstract) sequence tasks, and contains a subregion, area 46, with homologous functional connectivity to human RLPFC. To test the prediction that area 46 may represent abstract sequence information, and do so with parallel dynamics to those found in humans, we conducted functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in three male monkeys. When monkeys performed no-report abstract sequence viewing, we found that left and right area 46 responded to abstract sequential changes. Interestingly, responses to rule and number changes overlapped in right area 46 and left area 46 exhibited responses to abstract sequence rules with changes in ramping activation, similar to that observed in humans. Together, these results indicate that monkey DLPFC monitors abstract visual sequential information, potentially with a preference for different dynamics in the two hemispheres. More generally, these results show that abstract sequences are represented in functionally homologous regions across monkeys and humans.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Daily, we complete sequences that are "abstract" because they depend on an ordered set of rules (e.g., chop then stir when cooking) rather than the identity of individual items. Little is known about how the brain tracks, or monitors, this abstract sequential information. Based on previous human work showing abstract sequence related dynamics in an analogous area, we tested whether monkey dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), specifically area 46, represents abstract sequential information using awake monkey functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We found that area 46 responded to abstract sequence changes, with a preference for more general responses on the right and dynamics similar to humans on the left. These results suggest that abstract sequences are represented in functionally homologous regions across monkeys and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadira Yusif Rodriguez
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
- Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
| | - Theresa H McKim
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
| | - Debaleena Basu
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
| | - Aarit Ahuja
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
- Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
| | - Theresa M Desrochers
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
- Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
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Eldridge MA, Smith MC, Oppler SH, Pearl JE, Shim JY, Lerchner W, Richmond BJ. Unilateral caudate inactivation increases motor impulsivity in rhesus monkeys. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
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Hori Y, Mimura K, Nagai Y, Fujimoto A, Oyama K, Kikuchi E, Inoue KI, Takada M, Suhara T, Richmond BJ, Minamimoto T. Single caudate neurons encode temporally discounted value for formulating motivation for action. eLife 2021; 10:e61248. [PMID: 34328413 PMCID: PMC8352586 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The term 'temporal discounting' describes both choice preferences and motivation for delayed rewards. Here we show that neuronal activity in the dorsal part of the primate caudate head (dCDh) signals the temporally discounted value needed to compute the motivation for delayed rewards. Macaque monkeys performed an instrumental task, in which visual cues indicated the forthcoming size and delay duration before reward. Single dCDh neurons represented the temporally discounted value without reflecting changes in the animal's physiological state. Bilateral pharmacological or chemogenetic inactivation of dCDh markedly distorted the normal task performance based on the integration of reward size and delay, but did not affect the task performance for different reward sizes without delay. These results suggest that dCDh is involved in encoding the integrated multi-dimensional information critical for motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Hori
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and TechnologyChibaJapan
| | - Koki Mimura
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and TechnologyChibaJapan
| | - Yuji Nagai
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and TechnologyChibaJapan
| | - Atsushi Fujimoto
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and TechnologyChibaJapan
| | - Kei Oyama
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and TechnologyChibaJapan
| | - Erika Kikuchi
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and TechnologyChibaJapan
| | - Ken-ichi Inoue
- Systems Neuroscience Section, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto UniversityInuyamaJapan
| | - Masahiko Takada
- Systems Neuroscience Section, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto UniversityInuyamaJapan
| | - Tetsuya Suhara
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and TechnologyChibaJapan
| | - Barry J Richmond
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human ServicesBethesdaUnited States
| | - Takafumi Minamimoto
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and TechnologyChibaJapan
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Dorst MC, Tokarska A, Zhou M, Lee K, Stagkourakis S, Broberger C, Masmanidis S, Silberberg G. Polysynaptic inhibition between striatal cholinergic interneurons shapes their network activity patterns in a dopamine-dependent manner. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5113. [PMID: 33037215 PMCID: PMC7547109 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18882-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Striatal activity is dynamically modulated by acetylcholine and dopamine, both of which are essential for basal ganglia function. Synchronized pauses in the activity of striatal cholinergic interneurons (ChINs) are correlated with elevated activity of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, whereas synchronous firing of ChINs induces local release of dopamine. The mechanisms underlying ChIN synchronization and its interplay with dopamine release are not fully understood. Here we show that polysynaptic inhibition between ChINs is a robust network motif and instrumental in shaping the network activity of ChINs. Action potentials in ChINs evoke large inhibitory responses in multiple neighboring ChINs, strong enough to suppress their tonic activity. Using a combination of optogenetics and chemogenetics we show the involvement of striatal tyrosine hydroxylase-expressing interneurons in mediating this inhibition. Inhibition between ChINs is attenuated by dopaminergic midbrain afferents acting presynaptically on D2 receptors. Our results present a novel form of interaction between striatal dopamine and acetylcholine dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs C Dorst
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Tokarska
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ming Zhou
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kwang Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Stefanos Stagkourakis
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering 156-29, Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute for Neuroscience, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Christian Broberger
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | - Sotiris Masmanidis
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Gilad Silberberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
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