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Kim K, Nokia MS, Palva S. Distinct Hippocampal Oscillation Dynamics in Trace Eyeblink Conditioning Task for Retrieval and Consolidation of Associations. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0030-23.2024. [PMID: 38627063 PMCID: PMC11046259 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0030-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Trace eyeblink conditioning (TEBC) has been widely used to study associative learning in both animals and humans. In this paradigm, conditioned responses (CRs) to conditioned stimuli (CS) serve as a measure for retrieving learned associations between the CS and the unconditioned stimuli (US) within a trial. Memory consolidation, that is, learning over time, can be quantified as an increase in the proportion of CRs across training sessions. However, how hippocampal oscillations differentiate between successful memory retrieval within a session and consolidation across TEBC training sessions remains unknown. To address this question, we recorded local field potentials (LFPs) from the rat dorsal hippocampus during TEBC and investigated hippocampal oscillation dynamics associated with these two functions. We show that transient broadband responses to the CS were correlated with memory consolidation, as indexed by an increase in CRs across TEBC sessions. In contrast, induced alpha (8-10 Hz) and beta (16-20 Hz) band responses were correlated with the successful retrieval of the CS-US association within a session, as indexed by the difference in trials with and without CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayeon Kim
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Miriam S Nokia
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä FI-40014, Finland
| | - Satu Palva
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland
- Division of psychology, VISE, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Ostrobothnia FI-90014, Finland
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2
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Dadarlat MC, Sun YJ, Stryker MP. Activity-dependent recruitment of inhibition and excitation in the awake mammalian cortex during electrical stimulation. Neuron 2024; 112:821-834.e4. [PMID: 38134920 PMCID: PMC10949925 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Electrical stimulation is an effective tool for mapping and altering brain connectivity, with applications ranging from treating pharmacology-resistant neurological disorders to providing sensory feedback for neural prostheses. Paramount to the success of these applications is the ability to manipulate electrical currents to precisely control evoked neural activity patterns. However, little is known about stimulation-evoked responses in inhibitory neurons nor how stimulation-evoked activity patterns depend on ongoing neural activity. In this study, we used 2-photon imaging and cell-type specific labeling to measure single-cell responses of excitatory and inhibitory neurons to electrical stimuli in the visual cortex of awake mice. Our data revealed strong interactions between electrical stimulation and pre-stimulus activity of single neurons in awake animals and distinct recruitment and response patterns for excitatory and inhibitory neurons. This work demonstrates the importance of cell-type-specific labeling of neurons in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Dadarlat
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.
| | - Yujiao Jennifer Sun
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Michael P Stryker
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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3
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Xie T, Foutz TJ, Adamek M, Swift JR, Inman CS, Manns JR, Leuthardt EC, Willie JT, Brunner P. Single-pulse electrical stimulation artifact removal using the novel matching pursuit-based artifact reconstruction and removal method (MPARRM). J Neural Eng 2023; 20:066036. [PMID: 38063368 PMCID: PMC10751949 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad1385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Objective.Single-pulse electrical stimulation (SPES) has been widely used to probe effective connectivity. However, analysis of the neural response is often confounded by stimulation artifacts. We developed a novel matching pursuit-based artifact reconstruction and removal method (MPARRM) capable of removing artifacts from stimulation-artifact-affected electrophysiological signals.Approach.To validate MPARRM across a wide range of potential stimulation artifact types, we performed a bench-top experiment in which we suspended electrodes in a saline solution to generate 110 types of real-world stimulation artifacts. We then added the generated stimulation artifacts to ground truth signals (stereoelectroencephalography signals from nine human subjects recorded during a receptive speech task), applied MPARRM to the combined signal, and compared the resultant denoised signal with the ground truth signal. We further applied MPARRM to artifact-affected neural signals recorded from the hippocampus while performing SPES on the ipsilateral basolateral amygdala in nine human subjects.Main results.MPARRM could remove stimulation artifacts without introducing spectral leakage or temporal spread. It accommodated variable stimulation parameters and recovered the early response to SPES within a wide range of frequency bands. Specifically, in the early response period (5-10 ms following stimulation onset), we found that the broadband gamma power (70-170 Hz) of the denoised signal was highly correlated with the ground truth signal (R=0.98±0.02, Pearson), and the broadband gamma activity of the denoised signal faithfully revealed the responses to the auditory stimuli within the ground truth signal with94%±1.47%sensitivity and99%±1.01%specificity. We further found that MPARRM could reveal the expected temporal progression of broadband gamma activity along the anterior-posterior axis of the hippocampus in response to the ipsilateral amygdala stimulation.Significance.MPARRM could faithfully remove SPES artifacts without confounding the electrophysiological signal components, especially during the early-response period. This method can facilitate the understanding of the neural response mechanisms of SPES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Thomas J Foutz
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Markus Adamek
- National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - James R Swift
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Cory S Inman
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Joseph R Manns
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Eric C Leuthardt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Jon T Willie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Peter Brunner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
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4
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Panskus R, Holzapfel L, Serdijn WA, Giagka V. On the Stimulation Artifact Reduction during Electrophysiological Recording of Compound Nerve Action Potentials . ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2023; 2023:1-5. [PMID: 38083005 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10341179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Recording neuronal activity triggered by electrical impulses is a powerful tool in neuroscience research and neural engineering. It is often applied in acute electrophysiological experimental settings to record compound nerve action potentials. However, the elicited neural response is often distorted by electrical stimulus artifacts, complicating subsequent analysis. In this work, we present a model to better understand the effect of the selected amplifier configuration and the location of the ground electrode in a practical electrophysiological nerve setup. Simulation results show that the stimulus artifact can be reduced by more than an order of magnitude if the placement of the ground electrode, its impedance, and the amplifier configuration are optimized. We experimentally demonstrate the effects in three different settings, in-vivo and in-vitro.
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Lycke R, Kim R, Zolotavin P, Montes J, Sun Y, Koszeghy A, Altun E, Noble B, Yin R, He F, Totah N, Xie C, Luan L. Low-threshold, high-resolution, chronically stable intracortical microstimulation by ultraflexible electrodes. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112554. [PMID: 37235473 PMCID: PMC10592461 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) enables applications ranging from neuroprosthetics to causal circuit manipulations. However, the resolution, efficacy, and chronic stability of neuromodulation are often compromised by adverse tissue responses to the indwelling electrodes. Here we engineer ultraflexible stim-nanoelectronic threads (StimNETs) and demonstrate low activation threshold, high resolution, and chronically stable ICMS in awake, behaving mouse models. In vivo two-photon imaging reveals that StimNETs remain seamlessly integrated with the nervous tissue throughout chronic stimulation periods and elicit stable, focal neuronal activation at low currents of 2 μA. Importantly, StimNETs evoke longitudinally stable behavioral responses for over 8 months at a markedly low charge injection of 0.25 nC/phase. Quantified histological analyses show that chronic ICMS by StimNETs induces no neuronal degeneration or glial scarring. These results suggest that tissue-integrated electrodes provide a path for robust, long-lasting, spatially selective neuromodulation at low currents, which lessens risk of tissue damage or exacerbation of off-target side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Lycke
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Rice Neuroengineering Initiative, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Robin Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Rice Neuroengineering Initiative, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Pavlo Zolotavin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Rice Neuroengineering Initiative, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Jon Montes
- Rice Neuroengineering Initiative, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Yingchu Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Rice Neuroengineering Initiative, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Aron Koszeghy
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esra Altun
- Rice Neuroengineering Initiative, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Material Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Brian Noble
- Rice Neuroengineering Initiative, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Applied Physics Program, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Rongkang Yin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Rice Neuroengineering Initiative, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Fei He
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Rice Neuroengineering Initiative, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Nelson Totah
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Chong Xie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Rice Neuroengineering Initiative, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
| | - Lan Luan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Rice Neuroengineering Initiative, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
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6
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Lycke R, Kim R, Zolotavin P, Montes J, Sun Y, Koszeghy A, Altun E, Noble B, Yin R, He F, Totah N, Xie C, Luan L. Low-threshold, high-resolution, chronically stable intracortical microstimulation by ultraflexible electrodes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.20.529295. [PMID: 36865195 PMCID: PMC9980065 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.20.529295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) enables applications ranging from neuroprosthetics to causal circuit manipulations. However, the resolution, efficacy, and chronic stability of neuromodulation is often compromised by the adverse tissue responses to the indwelling electrodes. Here we engineer ultraflexible stim-Nanoelectronic Threads (StimNETs) and demonstrate low activation threshold, high resolution, and chronically stable ICMS in awake, behaving mouse models. In vivo two-photon imaging reveals that StimNETs remain seamlessly integrated with the nervous tissue throughout chronic stimulation periods and elicit stable, focal neuronal activation at low currents of 2 μA. Importantly, StimNETs evoke longitudinally stable behavioral responses for over eight months at markedly low charge injection of 0.25 nC/phase. Quantified histological analysis show that chronic ICMS by StimNETs induce no neuronal degeneration or glial scarring. These results suggest that tissue-integrated electrodes provide a path for robust, long-lasting, spatially-selective neuromodulation at low currents which lessen risks of tissue damage or exacerbation of off-target side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Lycke
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Rice University; Houston; Texas; 77005, United States
- Rice Neuroengineering Initiative; Rice University; Houston; Texas; 77005, United States
| | - Robin Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Rice University; Houston; Texas; 77005, United States
- Rice Neuroengineering Initiative; Rice University; Houston; Texas; 77005, United States
| | - Pavlo Zolotavin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Rice University; Houston; Texas; 77005, United States
- Rice Neuroengineering Initiative; Rice University; Houston; Texas; 77005, United States
| | - Jon Montes
- Rice Neuroengineering Initiative; Rice University; Houston; Texas; 77005, United States
- Department of Bioenginering; Rice University; Houston; Texas; 77005, United States
| | - Yingchu Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Rice University; Houston; Texas; 77005, United States
- Rice Neuroengineering Initiative; Rice University; Houston; Texas; 77005, United States
| | - Aron Koszeghy
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE); University of Helsinki; Helsinki; 00790; Finland
| | - Esra Altun
- Rice Neuroengineering Initiative; Rice University; Houston; Texas; 77005, United States
- Material Science and NanoEngineering; Rice University; Houston; Texas; 77005, United States
| | - Brian Noble
- Rice Neuroengineering Initiative; Rice University; Houston; Texas; 77005, United States
- Applied Physics Program; Rice University; Houston; Texas; 77005, United States
| | - Rongkang Yin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Rice University; Houston; Texas; 77005, United States
- Rice Neuroengineering Initiative; Rice University; Houston; Texas; 77005, United States
| | - Fei He
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Rice University; Houston; Texas; 77005, United States
- Rice Neuroengineering Initiative; Rice University; Houston; Texas; 77005, United States
| | - Nelson Totah
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE); University of Helsinki; Helsinki; 00790; Finland
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Helsinki; Helsinki; 00790; Finland
| | - Chong Xie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Rice University; Houston; Texas; 77005, United States
- Rice Neuroengineering Initiative; Rice University; Houston; Texas; 77005, United States
- Department of Bioenginering; Rice University; Houston; Texas; 77005, United States
| | - Lan Luan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Rice University; Houston; Texas; 77005, United States
- Rice Neuroengineering Initiative; Rice University; Houston; Texas; 77005, United States
- Department of Bioenginering; Rice University; Houston; Texas; 77005, United States
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7
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Yamashiro K, Ikegaya Y, Matsumoto N. In Utero Electroporation for Manipulation of Specific Neuronal Populations. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12050513. [PMID: 35629839 PMCID: PMC9147339 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12050513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The complexity of brain functions is supported by the heterogeneity of brain tissue and millisecond-scale information processing. Understanding how complex neural circuits control animal behavior requires the precise manipulation of specific neuronal subtypes at high spatiotemporal resolution. In utero electroporation, when combined with optogenetics, is a powerful method for precisely controlling the activity of specific neurons. Optogenetics allows for the control of cellular membrane potentials through light-sensitive ion channels artificially expressed in the plasma membrane of neurons. Here, we first review the basic mechanisms and characteristics of in utero electroporation. Then, we discuss recent applications of in utero electroporation combined with optogenetics to investigate the functions and characteristics of specific regions, layers, and cell types. These techniques will pave the way for further advances in understanding the complex neuronal and circuit mechanisms that underlie behavioral outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Yamashiro
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (K.Y.); (Y.I.)
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (K.Y.); (Y.I.)
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (K.Y.); (Y.I.)
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Correspondence:
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8
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Yusuf PA, Lamuri A, Hubka P, Tillein J, Vinck M, Kral A. Deficient Recurrent Cortical Processing in Congenital Deafness. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:806142. [PMID: 35283734 PMCID: PMC8913535 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.806142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of sensory experience on cortical feedforward and feedback interactions has rarely been studied in the auditory cortex. Previous work has documented a dystrophic effect of deafness in deep cortical layers, and a reduction of interareal couplings between primary and secondary auditory areas in congenital deafness which was particularly pronounced in the top-down direction (from the secondary to the primary area). In the present study, we directly quantified the functional interaction between superficial (supragranular, I to III) and deep (infragranular, V and VI) layers of feline’s primary auditory cortex A1, and also between superficial/deep layers of A1 and a secondary auditory cortex, namely the posterior auditory field (PAF). We compared adult hearing cats under acoustic stimulation and cochlear implant (CI) stimulation to adult congenitally deaf cats (CDC) under CI stimulation. Neuronal activity was recorded from auditory fields A1 and PAF simultaneously with two NeuroNexus electrode arrays. We quantified the spike field coherence (i.e., the statistical dependence of spike trains at one electrode with local field potentials on another electrode) using pairwise phase consistency (PPC). Both the magnitude as well as the preferred phase of synchronization was analyzed. The magnitude of PPC was significantly smaller in CDCs than in controls. Furthermore, controls showed no significant difference between the preferred phase of synchronization between supragranular and infragranular layers, both in acoustic and electric stimulation. In CDCs, however, there was a large difference in the preferred phase between supragranular and infragranular layers. These results demonstrate a loss of synchrony and for the first time directly document a functional decoupling of the interaction between supragranular and infragranular layers of the primary auditory cortex in congenital deafness. Since these are key for the influence of top-down to bottom-up computations, the results suggest a loss of recurrent cortical processing in congenital deafness and explain the outcomes of previous studies by deficits in intracolumnar microcircuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasandhya Astagiri Yusuf
- Department of Medical Physics/Medical Technology IMERI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Aly Lamuri
- Department of Medical Physics/Medical Technology IMERI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Peter Hubka
- Institute of AudioNeuroTechnology and Department of Experimental Otology of the ENT Clinics, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Jochen Tillein
- Institute of AudioNeuroTechnology and Department of Experimental Otology of the ENT Clinics, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- MEDEL Comp., Starnberg, Germany
| | - Martin Vinck
- Ernst Strüngmann Institut for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroinformatics, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Andrej Kral
- Institute of AudioNeuroTechnology and Department of Experimental Otology of the ENT Clinics, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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9
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Stieger KC, Eles JR, Ludwig KA, Kozai TDY. In vivo microstimulation with cathodic and anodic asymmetric waveforms modulates spatiotemporal calcium dynamics in cortical neuropil and pyramidal neurons of male mice. J Neurosci Res 2020; 98:2072-2095. [PMID: 32592267 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Electrical stimulation has been critical in the development of an understanding of brain function and disease. Despite its widespread use and obvious clinical potential, the mechanisms governing stimulation in the cortex remain largely unexplored in the context of pulse parameters. Modeling studies have suggested that modulation of stimulation pulse waveform may be able to control the probability of neuronal activation to selectively stimulate either cell bodies or passing fibers depending on the leading polarity. Thus, asymmetric waveforms with equal charge per phase (i.e., increasing the leading phase duration and proportionately decreasing the amplitude) may be able to activate a more spatially localized or distributed population of neurons if the leading phase is cathodic or anodic, respectively. Here, we use two-photon and mesoscale calcium imaging of GCaMP6s expressed in excitatory pyramidal neurons of male mice to investigate the role of pulse polarity and waveform asymmetry on the spatiotemporal properties of direct neuronal activation with 10-Hz electrical stimulation. We demonstrate that increasing cathodic asymmetry effectively reduces neuronal activation and results in a more spatially localized subpopulation of activated neurons without sacrificing the density of activated neurons around the electrode. Conversely, increasing anodic asymmetry increases the spatial spread of activation and highly resembles spatiotemporal calcium activity induced by conventional symmetric cathodic stimulation. These results suggest that stimulation polarity and asymmetry can be used to modulate the spatiotemporal dynamics of neuronal activity thus increasing the effective parameter space of electrical stimulation to restore sensation and study circuit dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Stieger
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James R Eles
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kip A Ludwig
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Institute for Translational Neuroengineering (WITNe), Madison, WI, USA
| | - Takashi D Y Kozai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,NeuroTech Center, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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10
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Caldwell DJ, Cronin JA, Rao RPN, Collins KL, Weaver KE, Ko AL, Ojemann JG, Kutz JN, Brunton BW. Signal recovery from stimulation artifacts in intracranial recordings with dictionary learning. J Neural Eng 2020; 17:026023. [PMID: 32103828 PMCID: PMC7333778 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab7a4f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Electrical stimulation of the human brain is commonly used for eliciting and inhibiting neural activity for clinical diagnostics, modifying abnormal neural circuit function for therapeutics, and interrogating cortical connectivity. However, recording electrical signals with concurrent stimulation results in dominant electrical artifacts that mask the neural signals of interest. Here we develop a method to reproducibly and robustly recover neural activity during concurrent stimulation. We concentrate on signal recovery across an array of electrodes without channel-wise fine-tuning of the algorithm. Our goal includes signal recovery with trains of stimulation pulses, since repeated, high-frequency pulses are often required to induce desired effects in both therapeutic and research domains. We have made all of our code and data publicly available. APPROACH We developed an algorithm that automatically detects templates of artifacts across many channels of recording, creating a dictionary of learned templates using unsupervised clustering. The artifact template that best matches each individual artifact pulse is subtracted to recover the underlying activity. To assess the success of our method, we focus on whether it extracts physiologically interpretable signals from real recordings. MAIN RESULTS We demonstrate our signal recovery approach on invasive electrophysiologic recordings from human subjects during stimulation. We show the recovery of meaningful neural signatures in both electrocorticographic (ECoG) arrays and deep brain stimulation (DBS) recordings. In addition, we compared cortical responses induced by the stimulation of primary somatosensory (S1) by natural peripheral touch, as well as motor cortex activity with and without concurrent S1 stimulation. SIGNIFICANCE Our work will enable future advances in neural engineering with simultaneous stimulation and recording.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Caldwell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America. Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America. Center for Neurotechnology, Seattle, WA, United States of America. University of Washington Institute for Neuroengineering, Seattle, WA, United States of America. Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed
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11
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Foroushani AN, Neupane S, De Heredia Pastor P, Pack CC, Sawan M. Spatial resolution of local field potential signals in macaque V4. J Neural Eng 2020; 17:026003. [PMID: 32023554 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab7321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An important challenge for the development of cortical visual prostheses is to generate spatially localized percepts of light, using artificial stimulation. Such percepts are called phosphenes, and the goal of prosthetic applications is to generate a pattern of phosphenes that matches the structure of the retinal image. A preliminary step in this process is to understand how the spatial positions of phosphene-like visual stimuli are encoded in the distributed activity of cortical neurons. The spatial resolution with which the distributed responses discriminate positions puts a limit on the capability of visual prosthesis devices to induce phosphenes at multiple positions. While most previous prosthetic devices have targeted the primary visual cortex, the extrastriate cortex has the advantage of covering a large part of the visual field with a smaller amount of cortical tissue, providing the possibility of a more compact implant. Here, we studied how well ensembles of Local Field Potentials (LFPs) and Multiunit activity (MUA) responses from extrastriate cortical visual area V4 of a behaving macaque monkey can discriminate between two-dimensional spatial positions. APPROACH We used support vector machines (SVM) to determine the capabilities of LFPs and MUA to discriminate responses to phosphene-like stimuli (probes) at different spatial separations. We proposed a selection strategy based on the combined responses of multiple electrodes and used the linear learning weights to find the minimum number of electrodes for fine and coarse discriminations. We also measured the contribution of correlated trial-to-trial variability in the responses to the discrimination performance for MUA and LFP. MAIN RESULTS We found that despite the large receptive field sizes in V4, the combined responses from multiple sites, whether MUA or LFP, are capable of fine and coarse discrimination of positions. Our electrode selection procedure significantly increased discrimination performance while reducing the required number of electrodes. Analysis of noise correlations in MUA and LFP responses showed that noise correlations in LFPs carry more information about spatial positions. SIGNIFICANCE This study determined the coding strategy for fine discrimination, suggesting that spatial positions could be well localized with patterned stimulation in extrastriate area V4. It also provides a novel approach to build a compact prosthesis with relatively few electrodes, which has the potential advantage of reducing tissue damage in real applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Najarpour Foroushani
- PolyStim Neurotechnology Lab., Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada. Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed
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Beuter A, Balossier A, Vassal F, Hemm S, Volpert V. Cortical stimulation in aphasia following ischemic stroke: toward model-guided electrical neuromodulation. BIOLOGICAL CYBERNETICS 2020; 114:5-21. [PMID: 32020368 DOI: 10.1007/s00422-020-00818-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to integrate different bodies of research including brain traveling waves, brain neuromodulation, neural field modeling and post-stroke language disorders in order to explore the opportunity of implementing model-guided, cortical neuromodulation for the treatment of post-stroke aphasia. Worldwide according to WHO, strokes are the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability. In ischemic stroke, there is not enough blood supply to provide enough oxygen and nutrients to parts of the brain, while in hemorrhagic stroke, there is bleeding within the enclosed cranial cavity. The present paper focuses on ischemic stroke. We first review accumulating observations of traveling waves occurring spontaneously or triggered by external stimuli in healthy subjects as well as in patients with brain disorders. We examine the putative functions of these waves and focus on post-stroke aphasia observed when brain language networks become fragmented and/or partly silent, thus perturbing the progression of traveling waves across perilesional areas. Secondly, we focus on a simplified model based on the current literature in the field and describe cortical traveling wave dynamics and their modulation. This model uses a biophysically realistic integro-differential equation describing spatially distributed and synaptically coupled neural networks producing traveling wave solutions. The model is used to calculate wave parameters (speed, amplitude and/or frequency) and to guide the reconstruction of the perturbed wave. A stimulation term is included in the model to restore wave propagation to a reasonably good level. Thirdly, we examine various issues related to the implementation model-guided neuromodulation in the treatment of post-stroke aphasia given that closed-loop invasive brain stimulation studies have recently produced encouraging results. Finally, we suggest that modulating traveling waves by acting selectively and dynamically across space and time to facilitate wave propagation is a promising therapeutic strategy especially at a time when a new generation of closed-loop cortical stimulation systems is about to arrive on the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Beuter
- Bordeaux INP, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Anne Balossier
- Service de neurochirurgie fonctionnelle et stéréotaxique, AP-HM La Timone, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - François Vassal
- INSERM U1028 Neuropain, UMR 5292, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences, Universités Lyon 1 et Saint-Etienne, Saint-Étienne, France
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital Nord, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Simone Hemm
- School of Life Sciences, Institute for Medical Engineering and Medical Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 4132, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Vitaly Volpert
- Institut Camille Jordan, UMR 5208 CNRS, University Lyon 1, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
- INRIA Team Dracula, INRIA Lyon La Doua, 69603, Villeurbanne, France
- People's Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St, Moscow, Russian Federation, 117198
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Waschke L, Tune S, Obleser J. Local cortical desynchronization and pupil-linked arousal differentially shape brain states for optimal sensory performance. eLife 2019; 8:e51501. [PMID: 31820732 PMCID: PMC6946578 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Instantaneous brain states have consequences for our sensation, perception, and behaviour. Fluctuations in arousal and neural desynchronization likely pose perceptually relevant states. However, their relationship and their relative impact on perception is unclear. We here show that, at the single-trial level in humans, local desynchronization in sensory cortex (expressed as time-series entropy) versus pupil-linked arousal differentially impact perceptual processing. While we recorded electroencephalography (EEG) and pupillometry data, stimuli of a demanding auditory discrimination task were presented into states of high or low desynchronization of auditory cortex via a real-time closed-loop setup. Desynchronization and arousal distinctly influenced stimulus-evoked activity and shaped behaviour displaying an inverted u-shaped relationship: States of intermediate desynchronization elicited minimal response bias and fastest responses, while states of intermediate arousal gave rise to highest response sensitivity. Our results speak to a model in which independent states of local desynchronization and global arousal jointly optimise sensory processing and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Tune
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of LübeckLübeckGermany
| | - Jonas Obleser
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of LübeckLübeckGermany
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Sound- and current-driven laminar profiles and their application method mimicking acoustic responses in the mouse auditory cortex in vivo. Brain Res 2019; 1721:146312. [PMID: 31323198 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The local application of electrical currents to the cortex is one of the most commonly used techniques to activate neurons, and this intracortical stimulation (ICS) could potentially lead to new types of neuroprosthetic devices that can be directly applied to the cortex. To identify whether ICS-activated circuits are physiological vs. profoundly artificial, it is necessary to record in vivo the responses of the same neuronal population to both natural sensory stimuli and artificial electric stimuli. However, few studies have extensively reported simultaneous electrophysiological recordings combined with ICS. Here, we evaluated the similarity between sound- and ICS-driven cortical response patterns in different cortical layers. In the mouse auditory cortex, we performed laminar recordings using 16-channel silicon electrodes and ICS using sharp glass-pipette electrodes containing biocytin for layer identification. In different cortical depths, short current pulses were delivered in vivo to mice under urethane anesthesia. For the recorded data, we mainly analyzed properties of local field potentials and current source densities (CSDs). We demonstrated that electrical stimulation evoked different excitation patterns according to the stimulated cortical layer; responses to electric stimuli in layer 4 were most likely to mimic acoustic responses. Next, we proposed a CSD-based stimulation method to artificially synthesize sound-driven responses, using an approximation method associated with a linear combination of CSD patterns electrically stimulated in the different cortical layers. The result indicates that synthesized responses were consistent with the canonical model of sound processing. Using these approaches, we provide a new technique in which natural sound-driven responses can be mimicked by well-designed computational stimulation pattern sequences in a layer-dependent manner. These findings may aid in the future development of an electrical stimulation methodology for a cortical prosthesis.
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Voigt MB, Kral A. Cathodic-leading pulses are more effective than anodic-leading pulses in intracortical microstimulation of the auditory cortex. J Neural Eng 2019; 16:036002. [PMID: 30790776 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab0944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) is widely used in neuroscientific research. Earlier work from our lab showed the possibility to combine ICMS with neuronal recordings on the same shank of multi-electrode arrays and consequently inside the same cortical column in vivo. The standard stimulus pulse shape for ICMS is a symmetric, biphasic current pulse. Here, we investigated the role of the leading-phase polarity (cathodic- versus anodic-leading) of such single ICMS pulses on the activation of the cortical network. APPROACH Local field potentials (LFPs) and multi-unit responses were recorded in the primary auditory cortex (A1) of adult guinea pigs (n = 15) under ketamine/xylazine anesthesia using linear multi-electrode arrays. Physiological responses of A1 were recorded during acoustic stimulation and ICMS. For the ICMS, the leading-phase polarity, the stimulated electrode and the stimulation current where varied systematically on any one of the 16 electrodes while recording at the same time with the 15 remaining electrodes. MAIN RESULTS Cathodic-leading ICMS consistently led to higher response amplitudes. In superficial cortical layers and for a given current amplitude, cathodic-leading and anodic-leading ICMS showed comparable activation patterns, while in deep layers only cathodic-leading ICMS reliably generated local neuronal activity. ICMS had a significantly smaller dynamic range than acoustic stimulation regardless of leading-phase polarity. SIGNIFICANCE The present study provides in vivo evidence for a differential neuronal activation mechanism of the different leading-phase polarities, with cathodic-leading stimulation being more effective, and suggests that the waveform of the stimulus should be considered systematically for cortical neuroprosthesis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Benjamin Voigt
- Department of Experimental Otology, Institute of AudioNeuroTechnology (VIANNA), Hannover Medical School, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625 Hannover, Germany. Cluster of Excellence 'Hearing4all', Hannover, Germany
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