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Acuña AM, Park C, Leyrer-Jackson JM, Olive MF. Promising immunomodulators for management of substance and alcohol use disorders. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2024; 25:867-884. [PMID: 38803314 PMCID: PMC11216154 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2360653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The neuroimmune system has emerged as a novel target for the treatment of substance use disorders (SUDs), with immunomodulation producing encouraging therapeutic benefits in both preclinical and clinical settings. AREAS COVERED In this review, we describe the mechanism of action and immune response to methamphetamine, opioids, cocaine, and alcohol. We then discuss off-label use of immunomodulators as adjunctive therapeutics in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, demonstrating their potential efficacy in affective and behavioral disorders. We then discuss in detail the mechanism of action and recent findings regarding the use of ibudilast, minocycline, probenecid, dexmedetomidine, pioglitazone, and cannabidiol to treat (SUDs). These immunomodulators are currently being investigated in clinical trials described herein, specifically for their potential to decrease substance use, withdrawal severity, central and peripheral inflammation, comorbid neuropsychiatric disorder symptomology, as well as their ability to improve cognitive outcomes. EXPERT OPINION We argue that although mixed, findings from recent preclinical and clinical studies underscore the potential benefit of immunomodulation in the treatment of the behavioral, cognitive, and inflammatory processes that underlie compulsive substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M. Acuña
- Department of Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience and Comparative Psychology Area, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Connor Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Jonna M. Leyrer-Jackson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - M. Foster Olive
- Department of Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience and Comparative Psychology Area, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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2
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Pavăl D. The dopamine hypothesis of autism spectrum disorder: A comprehensive analysis of the evidence. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 173:1-42. [PMID: 37993174 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite intensive research into the etiopathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), limited progress has been achieved so far. Among the plethora of models seeking to clarify how ASD arises, a coherent dopaminergic model was lacking until recently. In 2017, we provided a theoretical framework that we designated "the dopamine hypothesis of ASD". In the meantime, numerous studies yielded empirical evidence for this model. 4 years later, we provided a second version encompassing a refined and reconceptualized framework that accounted for these novel findings. In this chapter, we will review the evidence backing the previous versions of our model and add the most recent developments to the picture. Along these lines, we intend to lay out a comprehensive analysis of the supporting evidence for the dopamine hypothesis of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Pavăl
- The Romanian Association for Autoimmune Encephalitis, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Psychiatry, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Filgrastim, a Recombinant Form of Granulocyte Colony-stimulating Factor, Ameliorates 3-nitropropionic Acid and Haloperidol-induced Striatal Neurotoxicity in Rats. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:2089-2102. [PMID: 36385437 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00604-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Striatal neurotoxicity is the pathological hallmark for a heterogeneous group of movement disorders like Tardive dyskinesia (TD) and Huntington's disease (HD). Both diseases are characterized by progressive impairment in motor function. TD and HD share common features at both cellular and subcellular levels. Filgrastim, a recombinant methionyl granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF), shows neuroprotective properties in in-vivo models of movement disorders. This study seeks to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of filgrastim in haloperidol and 3-NP-induced neurotoxicity in rats. The study was divided into two: in study one, rats were administered with haloperidol for 21 days, filgrastim at the dose of (20, 40, 60 µg/kg,s.c.) was administered once a day before haloperidol treatment and the following parameters (orofacial movements, rotarod, actophotometer) were performed to assess TD. Similarly, in the second study, rats were administered with 3-NP for 21 days, filgrastim at a dose of (20 and 40 µg/kg, s.c.) was administered, and the following parameters (rotarod, narrow beam walk, and open field test) were assessed for HD. On the 22nd day, animals were sacrificed and cortex and striatum isolated for oxidative stress (LPO, GSH, SOD, catalase, and nitrate) marker assessment. Results revealed that haloperidol and 3-NP treatment significantly impaired motor coordination, and oxidative defense inducing TD and HD-like symptoms. Treatment with filgrastim significantly averted haloperidol and 3-NP-induced behavioral and biochemical alterations. Conclusively, the neuroprotective effect of filgrastim is credited to its antioxidant properties. Hence, filgrastim might be a novel therapeutic candidate for the management of TD and HD.
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Olsen CM, Corrigan JD. Does Traumatic Brain Injury Cause Risky Substance Use or Substance Use Disorder? Biol Psychiatry 2022; 91:421-437. [PMID: 34561027 PMCID: PMC8776913 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
There is a high co-occurrence of risky substance use among adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI), although it is unknown if the neurologic sequelae of TBI can promote this behavior. We propose that to conclude that TBI can cause risky substance use, it must be determined that TBI precedes risky substance use, that confounders with the potential to increase the likelihood of both TBI and risky substance use must be ruled out, and that there must be a plausible mechanism of action. In this review, we address these factors by providing an overview of key clinical and preclinical studies and list plausible mechanisms by which TBI could increase risky substance use. Human and animal studies have identified an association between TBI and risky substance use, although the strength of this association varies. Factors that may limit detection of this relationship include differential variability due to substance, sex, age of injury, and confounders that may influence the likelihood of both TBI and risky substance use. We propose possible mechanisms by which TBI could increase substance use that include damage-associated neuroplasticity, chronic changes in neuroimmune signaling, and TBI-associated alterations in brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Olsen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
| | - John D Corrigan
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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5
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Brady LJ, Erickson KR, Lucerne KE, Osman A, Kiraly DD, Calipari ES. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) enhances cocaine effects in the nucleus accumbens via a dopamine release-based mechanism. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:3499-3509. [PMID: 34487190 PMCID: PMC9056006 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05967-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine use disorder is associated with alterations in immune function including altered expression of multiple peripheral cytokines in humans-several of which correlate with drug use. Individuals suffering from cocaine use disorder show altered immune system responses to drug-associated cues, highlighting the interaction between the brain and immune system as a critical factor in the development and expression of cocaine use disorder. We have previously demonstrated in animal models that cocaine use upregulates the expression of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-a pleiotropic cytokine-in the serum and the nucleus accumbens (NAc). G-CSF signaling has been causally linked to behavioral responses to cocaine across multiple behavioral domains. The goal of this study was to define whether increases in G-CSF alter the pharmacodynamic effects of cocaine on the dopamine system and whether this occurs via direct mechanisms within local NAc microcircuits. We find that systemic G-CSF injection increases cocaine effects on dopamine terminals. The enhanced dopamine levels in the presence of cocaine occur through a release-based mechanism, rather than through effects on the dopamine transporter-as uptake rates were unchanged following G-CSF treatment. Critically, this effect could be recapitulated by acute bath application of G-CSF to dopamine terminals, an effect that was occluded by prior G-CSF treatment, suggesting a similar mechanistic basis for direct and systemic exposures. This work highlights the critical interaction between the immune system and psychostimulant effects that can alter drug responses and may play a role in vulnerability to cocaine use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian J Brady
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, TN, 37232, Nashville, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Kirsty R Erickson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, TN, 37232, Nashville, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Kelsey E Lucerne
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Aya Osman
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Pl - Box 1230, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Drew D Kiraly
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Pl - Box 1230, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Erin S Calipari
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, TN, 37232, Nashville, USA.
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 865F Light Hall, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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Chitu V, Biundo F, Stanley ER. Colony stimulating factors in the nervous system. Semin Immunol 2021; 54:101511. [PMID: 34743926 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Although traditionally seen as regulators of hematopoiesis, colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) have emerged as important players in the nervous system, both in health and disease. This review summarizes the cellular sources, patterns of expression and physiological roles of the macrophage (CSF-1, IL-34), granulocyte-macrophage (GM-CSF) and granulocyte (G-CSF) colony stimulating factors within the nervous system, with a particular focus on their actions on microglia. CSF-1 and IL-34, via the CSF-1R, are required for the development, proliferation and maintenance of essentially all CNS microglia in a temporal and regional specific manner. In contrast, in steady state, GM-CSF and G-CSF are mainly involved in regulation of microglial function. The alterations in expression of these growth factors and their receptors, that have been reported in several neurological diseases, are described and the outcomes of their therapeutic targeting in mouse models and humans are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Chitu
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Fabrizio Biundo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - E Richard Stanley
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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Pavăl D, Micluția IV. The Dopamine Hypothesis of Autism Spectrum Disorder Revisited: Current Status and Future Prospects. Dev Neurosci 2021; 43:73-83. [PMID: 34010842 DOI: 10.1159/000515751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) comprises a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by social deficits and stereotyped behaviors. Despite intensive research, its etiopathogenesis remains largely unclear. Although studies consistently reported dopaminergic anomalies, a coherent dopaminergic model of ASD was lacking until recently. In 2017, we provided a theoretical framework for a "dopamine hypothesis of ASD" which proposed that autistic behavior arises from a dysfunctional midbrain dopaminergic system. Namely, we hypothesized that malfunction of 2 critical circuits originating in the midbrain, that is, the mesocorticolimbic and nigrostriatal pathways, generates the core behavioral features of ASD. Moreover, we provided key predictions of our model along with testing means. Since then, a notable number of studies referenced our work and numerous others provided support for our model. To account for these developments, we review all these recent data and discuss their implications. Furthermore, in the light of these new insights, we further refine and reconceptualize our model, debating on the possibility that various etiologies of ASD converge upon a dysfunctional midbrain dopaminergic system. In addition, we discuss future prospects, providing new means of testing our hypothesis, as well as its limitations. Along these lines, we aimed to provide a model which, if confirmed, could provide a better understanding of the etiopathogenesis of ASD along with new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Pavăl
- Psychiatry Clinic, Emergency County Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Valentina Micluția
- Department of Psychiatry, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Lucerne KE, Osman A, Meckel KR, Kiraly DD. Contributions of neuroimmune and gut-brain signaling to vulnerability of developing substance use disorders. Neuropharmacology 2021; 192:108598. [PMID: 33965398 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiology and clinical research indicate that only a subset of people who are exposed to drugs of abuse will go on to develop a substance use disorder. Numerous factors impact individual susceptibility to developing a substance use disorder, including intrinsic biological factors, environmental factors, and interpersonal/social factors. Given the extensive morbidity and mortality that is wrought as a consequence of substance use disorders, a substantial body of research has focused on understanding the risk factors that mediate the shift from initial drug use to pathological drug use. Understanding these risk factors provides a clear path for the development of risk mitigation strategies to help reduce the burden of substance use disorders in the population. Here we will review the rapidly growing body of literature that examines the importance of interactions between the peripheral immune system, the gut microbiome, and the central nervous system (CNS) in mediating the transition to pathological drug use. While these systems had long been viewed as distinct, there is growing evidence that there is bidirectional communication between both the immune system and the gut microbiome that drive changes in neural and behavioral plasticity relevant to substance use disorders. Further, both of these systems are highly sensitive to environmental perturbations and are implicated in numerous neuropsychiatric conditions. While the field of study examining these interactions in substance use disorders is in its relative infancy, clarifying the relationship between gut-immune-brain signaling and substance use disorders has potential to improve our understanding of individual propensity to developing addiction and yield important insight into potential treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey E Lucerne
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aya Osman
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine R Meckel
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Drew D Kiraly
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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9
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Namba MD, Leyrer-Jackson JM, Nagy EK, Olive MF, Neisewander JL. Neuroimmune Mechanisms as Novel Treatment Targets for Substance Use Disorders and Associated Comorbidities. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:650785. [PMID: 33935636 PMCID: PMC8082184 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.650785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies examining the neurobiology of substance abuse have revealed a significant role of neuroimmune signaling as a mechanism through which drugs of abuse induce aberrant changes in synaptic plasticity and contribute to substance abuse-related behaviors. Immune signaling within the brain and the periphery critically regulates homeostasis of the nervous system. Perturbations in immune signaling can induce neuroinflammation or immunosuppression, which dysregulate nervous system function including neural processes associated with substance use disorders (SUDs). In this review, we discuss the literature that demonstrates a role of neuroimmune signaling in regulating learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity, emphasizing specific cytokine signaling within the central nervous system. We then highlight recent preclinical studies, within the last 5 years when possible, that have identified immune mechanisms within the brain and the periphery associated with addiction-related behaviors. Findings thus far underscore the need for future investigations into the clinical potential of immunopharmacology as a novel approach toward treating SUDs. Considering the high prevalence rate of comorbidities among those with SUDs, we also discuss neuroimmune mechanisms of common comorbidities associated with SUDs and highlight potentially novel treatment targets for these comorbid conditions. We argue that immunopharmacology represents a novel frontier in the development of new pharmacotherapies that promote long-term abstinence from drug use and minimize the detrimental impact of SUD comorbidities on patient health and treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Namba
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | | | - Erin K. Nagy
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - M. Foster Olive
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
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10
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Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor Reduces Cocaine-Seeking and Downregulates Glutamatergic Synaptic Proteins in Medial Prefrontal Cortex. J Neurosci 2020; 41:1553-1565. [PMID: 33361463 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1452-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychostimulant use disorder is a major public health issue, and despite the scope of the problem there are currently no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved treatments. There would be tremendous utility in development of a treatment that could help patients both achieve and maintain abstinence. Previous work from our group has identified granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) as a neuroactive cytokine that alters behavioral response to cocaine, increases synaptic dopamine release, and enhances cognitive flexibility. Here, we investigate the role of G-CSF in affecting extinction and reinstatement of cocaine-seeking and perform detailed characterization of its proteomic effects in multiple limbic substructures. Male Sprague Dawley rats were injected with PBS or G-CSF during (1) extinction or (2) abstinence from cocaine self-administration, and drug seeking behavior was measured. Quantitative assessment of changes in the proteomic landscape in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were performed via data-independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry analysis. Administration of G-CSF during extinction accelerated the rate of extinction, and administration during abstinence attenuated cue-induced cocaine-seeking. Analysis of global protein expression demonstrated that G-CSF regulated proteins primarily in mPFC that are critical to glutamate signaling and synapse maintenance. Taken together, these findings support G-CSF as a viable translational research target with the potential to reduce drug craving or seeking behaviors. Importantly, recombinant G-CSF exists as an FDA-approved medication which may facilitate rapid clinical translation. Additionally, using cutting-edge multiregion discovery proteomics analyses, these studies identify a novel mechanism underlying G-CSF effects on behavioral plasticity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Pharmacological treatments for psychostimulant use disorder are desperately needed, especially given the disease's chronic, relapsing nature. However, there are currently no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved pharmacotherapies. Emerging evidence suggests that targeting the immune system may be a viable translational research strategy; preclinical studies have found that the neuroactive cytokine granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) alters cocaine reward and reinforcement and can enhance cognitive flexibility. Given this basis of evidence we studied the effects of G-CSF treatment on extinction and reinstatement of cocaine seeking. We find that administration of G-CSF accelerates extinction and reduces cue-induced drug seeking after cocaine self-administration. In addition, G-CSF leads to downregulation of synaptic glutamatergic proteins in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), suggesting that G-CSF influences drug seeking via glutamatergic mechanisms.
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11
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Lucerne KE, Kiraly DD. The role of gut-immune-brain signaling in substance use disorders. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 157:311-370. [PMID: 33648673 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUDs) are debilitating neuropsychiatric conditions that exact enormous costs in terms of loss of life and individual suffering. While much progress has been made defining the neurocircuitry and intracellular signaling cascades that contribute to SUDs, these studies have yielded limited effective treatment options. This has prompted greater exploration of non-traditional targets in addiction. Emerging data suggest inputs from peripheral systems, such as the immune system and the gut microbiome, impact multiple neuropsychiatric diseases, including SUDs. Until recently the gut microbiome, peripheral immune system, and the CNS have been studied independently; however, current work shows the gut microbiome and immune system critically interact to modulate brain function. Additionally, the gut microbiome and immune system intimately regulate one another via extensive bidirectional communication. Accumulating evidence suggests an important role for gut-immune-brain communication in the pathogenesis of substance use disorders. Thus, a better understanding of gut-immune-brain signaling could yield important insight to addiction pathology and potential treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey E Lucerne
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Drew D Kiraly
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
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12
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Trujillo Villarreal LA, Cárdenas-Tueme M, Maldonado-Ruiz R, Reséndez-Pérez D, Camacho-Morales A. Potential role of primed microglia during obesity on the mesocorticolimbic circuit in autism spectrum disorder. J Neurochem 2020; 156:415-434. [PMID: 32902852 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disease which involves functional and structural defects in selective central nervous system (CNS) regions that harm function and individual ability to process and respond to external stimuli. Individuals with ASD spend less time engaging in social interaction compared to non-affected subjects. Studies employing structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging reported morphological and functional abnormalities in the connectivity of the mesocorticolimbic reward pathway between the nucleus accumbens and the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in response to social stimuli, as well as diminished medial prefrontal cortex in response to visual cues, whereas stronger reward system responses for the non-social realm (e.g., video games) than social rewards (e.g., approval), associated with caudate nucleus responsiveness in ASD children. Defects in the mesocorticolimbic reward pathway have been modulated in transgenic murine models using D2 dopamine receptor heterozygous (D2+/-) or dopamine transporter knockout mice, which exhibit sociability deficits and repetitive behaviors observed in ASD phenotypes. Notably, the mesocorticolimbic reward pathway is modulated by systemic and central inflammation, such as primed microglia, which occurs during obesity or maternal overnutrition. Therefore, we propose that a positive energy balance during obesity/maternal overnutrition coordinates a systemic and central inflammatory crosstalk that modulates the dopaminergic neurotransmission in selective brain areas of the mesocorticolimbic reward pathway. Here, we will describe how obesity/maternal overnutrition may prime microglia, causing abnormalities in dopamine neurotransmission of the mesocorticolimbic reward pathway, postulating a possible immune role in the development of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A- Trujillo Villarreal
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolas de los Garza, México.,Unidad de Neurometabolismo, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolas de los Garza, México
| | - Marcela Cárdenas-Tueme
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolas de los Garza, México
| | - Roger Maldonado-Ruiz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolas de los Garza, México.,Unidad de Neurometabolismo, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolas de los Garza, México
| | - Diana Reséndez-Pérez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolas de los Garza, México
| | - Alberto Camacho-Morales
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolas de los Garza, México.,Unidad de Neurometabolismo, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolas de los Garza, México
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13
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Farokhnia M, Berger AL, Karoly HC, Hwa LS, Varodayan FP. The Promise of Neuroimmune Targets for Treating Drug Addiction and Other Psychiatric Disorders: Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor Exemplification. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:220. [PMID: 32256420 PMCID: PMC7090216 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Farokhnia
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Center on Compulsive Behaviors, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Anthony L Berger
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Hollis C Karoly
- Institute for Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Lara S Hwa
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Florence P Varodayan
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY, United States
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14
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Girotti M, Silva JD, George CM, Morilak DA. Ciliary neurotrophic factor signaling in the rat orbitofrontal cortex ameliorates stress-induced deficits in reversal learning. Neuropharmacology 2019; 160:107791. [PMID: 31553898 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Deficits in cognitive flexibility, i.e. the ability to modify behavior in response to changes in the environment, are present in several psychiatric disorders and are often refractory to treatment. However, improving treatment response has been hindered by a lack of understanding of the neurobiology of cognitive flexibility. Using a rat model of chronic stress (chronic intermittent cold stress, CIC) that produces selective deficits in reversal learning, a form of cognitive flexibility dependent on orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) function, we have previously shown that JAK2 signaling is required for optimal reversal learning. In this study we explore the molecular basis of those effects. We show that, within the OFC, CIC stress reduces the levels of phosphorylated JAK2 and of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), a promoter of neuronal survival and an activator of JAK2 signaling, and that neutralizing endogenous CNTF with an intra-OFC microinjection of a specific antibody is sufficient to produce reversal-learning deficits similar to stress. Intra-OFC delivery of recombinant CNTF to CIC-stressed rats, at a dose that induces JAK2 and Akt but not STAT3 or ERK, ameliorates reversal-learning deficits, and Akt blockade prevents the positive effects of CNTF. Further analysis revealed that CNTF may exert its beneficial effects by inhibiting GSK3β, a substrate of Akt and a regulator of protein degradation. We also revealed a novel mechanism of CNTF action through modulation of p38/Mnk1/eIF4E signaling. This cascade controls translation of select mRNAs, including those encoding several plasticity-related proteins. Thus, we suggest that CNTF-driven JAK2 signaling corrects stress-induced reversal learning deficits by modulating the steady-state levels of plasticity-related proteins in the OFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Girotti
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
| | - Jeri D Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Christina M George
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - David A Morilak
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
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15
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Brady LJ, Hofford RS, Tat J, Calipari ES, Kiraly DD. Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor Alters the Pharmacodynamic Properties of Cocaine in Female Mice. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:4213-4220. [PMID: 31479229 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Addiction to psychostimulants is a major public health crisis that leads to significant morbidity and mortality, for which there are currently no FDA-approved pharmacotherapies. Female subjects have increased propensity to develop pathological substance use disorders after initial use, suggesting the possibility of different pathophysiological mechanisms between males and females. Recently, we identified the neuroactive cytokine granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) as a key mediator of neuronal and behavioral plasticity in response to cocaine in male mice. Here, we found that G-CSF potentiated the rewarding effects of cocaine in female mice as well; however, the dopaminergic mechanism linked to these effects was highly dependent on the ovarian hormone cycle. G-CSF treatment enhanced the ability of cocaine to inhibit dopamine clearance; however, this effect was observed specifically during pro/estrus, when circulating ovarian hormone levels were high. These findings demonstrate important sex differences in the synaptic effects of this translationally relevant neuroimmune modulator.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Drew D. Kiraly
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
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16
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Stellwagen D, Kemp GM, Valade S, Chambon J. Glial regulation of synaptic function in models of addiction. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2019; 57:179-185. [PMID: 31163290 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The glial regulation of synaptic function provides important modulation of the synaptic and behavioral changes induced by drugs of abuse. In some cases, this regulation is adaptive, reducing drug-induced change, and in other cases maladaptive, contributing to the induction or maintenance of these changes. Understanding the contribution of glia to addictive behaviors will be important to fully understand the development of addiction, and a critical entry into methods to potentially mitigate this affliction. This review will cover recent advances in elucidating the contribution of the major types of glia - microglia and astrocytes - to drug-induced synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Stellwagen
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Gina M Kemp
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simone Valade
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julien Chambon
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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17
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Where Is Dopamine and how do Immune Cells See it?: Dopamine-Mediated Immune Cell Function in Health and Disease. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2019; 15:114-164. [PMID: 31077015 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-019-09851-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine is well recognized as a neurotransmitter in the brain, and regulates critical functions in a variety of peripheral systems. Growing research has also shown that dopamine acts as an important regulator of immune function. Many immune cells express dopamine receptors and other dopamine related proteins, enabling them to actively respond to dopamine and suggesting that dopaminergic immunoregulation is an important part of proper immune function. A detailed understanding of the physiological concentrations of dopamine in specific regions of the human body, particularly in peripheral systems, is critical to the development of hypotheses and experiments examining the effects of physiologically relevant dopamine concentrations on immune cells. Unfortunately, the dopamine concentrations to which these immune cells would be exposed in different anatomical regions are not clear. To address this issue, this comprehensive review details the current information regarding concentrations of dopamine found in both the central nervous system and in many regions of the periphery. In addition, we discuss the immune cells present in each region, and how these could interact with dopamine in each compartment described. Finally, the review briefly addresses how changes in these dopamine concentrations could influence immune cell dysfunction in several disease states including Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, as well as the collection of pathologies, cognitive and motor symptoms associated with HIV infection in the central nervous system, known as NeuroHIV. These data will improve our understanding of the interactions between the dopaminergic and immune systems during both homeostatic function and in disease, clarify the effects of existing dopaminergic drugs and promote the creation of new therapeutic strategies based on manipulating immune function through dopaminergic signaling. Graphical Abstract.
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18
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Mervosh NL, Wilson R, Rauniyar N, Hofford RS, Kutlu MG, Calipari ES, Lam TT, Kiraly DD. Granulocyte-Colony-Stimulating Factor Alters the Proteomic Landscape of the Ventral Tegmental Area. Proteomes 2018; 6:proteomes6040035. [PMID: 30249060 PMCID: PMC6313867 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes6040035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine addiction is characterized by aberrant plasticity of the mesolimbic dopamine circuit, leading to dysregulation of motivation to seek and take drug. Despite the significant toll that cocaine use disorder exacts on society, there are currently no available pharmacotherapies. We have recently identified granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) as a soluble cytokine that alters the behavioral response to cocaine and which increases dopamine release from the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Despite these known effects on behavior and neurophysiology, the molecular mechanisms by which G-CSF affects brain function are unclear. In this study mice were treated with repeated injections of G-CSF, cocaine or a combination and changes in protein expression in the VTA were examined using an unbiased proteomics approach. Repeated G-CSF treatment resulted in alterations in multiple signaling pathways related to synaptic plasticity and neuronal morphology. While the treatment groups had marked overlap in their effect, injections of cocaine and the combination of cocaine and G-CSF lead to distinct patterns of significantly regulated proteins. These experiments provide valuable information as to the molecular pathways that G-CSF activates in an important limbic brain region and will help to guide further characterization of G-CSF function and evaluation as a possible translational target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas L Mervosh
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Rashaun Wilson
- Yale/NIDA Neuroproteomics Center, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - Navin Rauniyar
- Yale/NIDA Neuroproteomics Center, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - Rebecca S Hofford
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Munir Gunes Kutlu
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Erin S Calipari
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - TuKiet T Lam
- Yale/NIDA Neuroproteomics Center, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
- Yale MS & Proteomics Resource, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Drew D Kiraly
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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