1
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Mehrotra P, Jablonski J, Toftegard J, Zhang Y, Shahini S, Wang J, Hung CW, Ellis R, Kayal G, Rajabian N, Liu S, Roballo K, Udin SB, Andreadis ST, Personius KE. Skeletal muscle reprogramming enhances reinnervation after peripheral nerve injury. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3463557. [PMID: 38260278 PMCID: PMC10802751 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3463557/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral Nerve Injuries (PNI) affect more than 20 million Americans and severely impact quality of life by causing long-term disability. The onset of PNI is characterized by nerve degeneration distal to the nerve injury resulting in long periods of skeletal muscle denervation. During this period, muscle fibers atrophy and frequently become incapable of "accepting" innervation because of the slow speed of axon regeneration post injury. We hypothesize that reprogramming the skeletal muscle to an embryonic-like state may preserve its reinnervation capability following PNI. To this end, we generated a mouse model in which NANOG, a pluripotency-associated transcription factor can be expressed locally upon delivery of doxycycline (Dox) in a polymeric vehicle. NANOG expression in the muscle upregulated the percentage of Pax7+ nuclei and expression of eMYHC along with other genes that are involved in muscle development. In a sciatic nerve transection model, NANOG expression led to upregulation of key genes associated with myogenesis, neurogenesis and neuromuscular junction (NMJ) formation, and downregulation of key muscle atrophy genes. Further, NANOG mice demonstrated extensive overlap between synaptic vesicles and NMJ acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) indicating restored innervation. Indeed, NANOG mice showed greater improvement in motor function as compared to wild-type (WT) animals, as evidenced by improved toe-spread reflex, EMG responses and isometric force production. In conclusion, we demonstrate that reprogramming the muscle can be an effective strategy to improve reinnervation and functional outcomes after PNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pihu Mehrotra
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - James Jablonski
- Department of Department of Rehabilitation Science, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - John Toftegard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, NY, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Yali Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Shahryar Shahini
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Carey W Hung
- Biomedical Affairs and Research, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Reilly Ellis
- Biomedical Affairs and Research, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Gabriella Kayal
- Biomedical Affairs and Research, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Nika Rajabian
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Kelly Roballo
- Biomedical Affairs and Research, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Susan B. Udin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University at Buffalo, Amherst, NY 14203, USA
| | - Stelios T. Andreadis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, NY, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
- Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Center for Cell, Gene and Tissue Engineering (CGTE), University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Kirkwood E. Personius
- Department of Department of Rehabilitation Science, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
- Center for Cell, Gene and Tissue Engineering (CGTE), University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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2
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Wynne ME, Ogunbona O, Lane AR, Gokhale A, Zlatic SA, Xu C, Wen Z, Duong DM, Rayaprolu S, Ivanova A, Ortlund EA, Dammer EB, Seyfried NT, Roberts BR, Crocker A, Shanbhag V, Petris M, Senoo N, Kandasamy S, Claypool SM, Barrientos A, Wingo A, Wingo TS, Rangaraju S, Levey AI, Werner E, Faundez V. APOE expression and secretion are modulated by mitochondrial dysfunction. eLife 2023; 12:e85779. [PMID: 37171075 PMCID: PMC10231934 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria influence cellular function through both cell-autonomous and non-cell autonomous mechanisms, such as production of paracrine and endocrine factors. Here, we demonstrate that mitochondrial regulation of the secretome is more extensive than previously appreciated, as both genetic and pharmacological disruption of the electron transport chain caused upregulation of the Alzheimer's disease risk factor apolipoprotein E (APOE) and other secretome components. Indirect disruption of the electron transport chain by gene editing of SLC25A mitochondrial membrane transporters as well as direct genetic and pharmacological disruption of either complexes I, III, or the copper-containing complex IV of the electron transport chain elicited upregulation of APOE transcript, protein, and secretion, up to 49-fold. These APOE phenotypes were robustly expressed in diverse cell types and iPSC-derived human astrocytes as part of an inflammatory gene expression program. Moreover, age- and genotype-dependent decline in brain levels of respiratory complex I preceded an increase in APOE in the 5xFAD mouse model. We propose that mitochondria act as novel upstream regulators of APOE-dependent cellular processes in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E Wynne
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Oluwaseun Ogunbona
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Alicia R Lane
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Avanti Gokhale
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | | | - Chongchong Xu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Zhexing Wen
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
- Department of Neurology and Human Genetics, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Duc M Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Sruti Rayaprolu
- Department of Neurology and Human Genetics, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Anna Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Eric A Ortlund
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Eric B Dammer
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | | | - Blaine R Roberts
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Amanda Crocker
- Program in Neuroscience, Middlebury CollegeMiddleburyUnited States
| | - Vinit Shanbhag
- Department of Biochemistry, University of MissouriColumbiaUnited States
| | - Michael Petris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of MissouriColumbiaUnited States
| | - Nanami Senoo
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | | | | | - Antoni Barrientos
- Department of Neurology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of MiamiMiamiUnited States
| | - Aliza Wingo
- Department of Neurology and Human Genetics, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Thomas S Wingo
- Department of Neurology and Human Genetics, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Srikant Rangaraju
- Department of Neurology and Human Genetics, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Allan I Levey
- Department of Neurology and Human Genetics, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Erica Werner
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Victor Faundez
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
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3
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Alternative Brain Slice-on-a-Chip for Organotypic Culture and Effective Fluorescence Injection Testing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052549. [PMID: 35269696 PMCID: PMC8910551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse brain slices are one of the most common models to study brain development and functioning, increasing the number of study models that integrate microfluidic systems for hippocampal slice cultures. This report presents an alternative brain slice-on-a-chip, integrating an injection system inside the chip to dispense a fluorescent dye for long-term monitoring. Hippocampal slices have been cultured inside these chips, observing fluorescence signals from living cells, maintaining the cytoarchitecture of the slices. Having fluorescence images of biological samples inside the chip demonstrates the effectiveness of the staining process using the injection method avoiding leaks or biological contamination. The technology developed in this study presents a significant improvement in the local administration of reagents within a brain slice-on-a-chip system, which could be a suitable option for organotypic cultures in a microfluidic chip acting as a highly effective bioreactor.
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4
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Ou GY, Lin WW, Zhao WJ. Neuregulins in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:662474. [PMID: 33897409 PMCID: PMC8064692 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.662474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), are typically characterized by progressive neuronal loss and neurological dysfunctions in the nervous system, affecting both memory and motor functions. Neuregulins (NRGs) belong to the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like family of extracellular ligands and they play an important role in the development, maintenance, and repair of both the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) through the ErbB signaling pathway. They also regulate multiple intercellular signal transduction and participate in a wide range of biological processes, such as differentiation, migration, and myelination. In this review article, we summarized research on the changes and roles of NRGs in neurodegenerative diseases, especially in AD. We elaborated on the structural features of each NRG subtype and roles of NRG/ErbB signaling networks in neurodegenerative diseases. We also discussed the therapeutic potential of NRGs in the symptom remission of neurodegenerative diseases, which may offer hope for advancing related treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-yong Ou
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wen-wen Lin
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wei-jiang Zhao
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Cell Biology Department, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Wei-jiang Zhao
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5
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Neuregulins 1, 2, and 3 Promote Early Neurite Outgrowth in ErbB4-Expressing Cortical GABAergic Interneurons. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3568-3588. [PMID: 32542595 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01966-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The neuregulins (Nrgs 1-4) are a family of signaling molecules that play diverse roles in the nervous system. Nrg1 has been implicated in the formation of synapses and in synaptic plasticity. Previous studies have shown Nrg1 can affect neurite outgrowth in several neuronal populations, while the role of Nrg2 and Nrg3 in this process has remained understudied. The Nrgs can bind and activate the ErbB4 receptor tyrosine kinase which is preferentially expressed in GABAergic interneurons in the rodent hippocampus and cerebral cortex. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of Nrgs 1, 2, and 3 on neurite outgrowth of dissociated rat cortical ErbB4-positive (+)/GABA+ interneurons in vitro. All three Nrgs were able to promote neurite outgrowth during the first 2 days in vitro, with increases detected for both the axon (116-120%) and other neurites (100-120%). Increases in the average number of primary and secondary neurites were also observed. Treatment with the Nrgs for an additional 3 days promoted an increase in axonal length (86-96%), with only minimal effects on the remaining neurites (8-13%). ErbB4 expression persisted throughout the dendritic arbor and cell soma at all stages examined, while its expression in the axon was transient and declined with cell maturation. ErbB4 overexpression in GABAergic neurons promoted neurite outgrowth, an effect that was potentiated by Nrg treatment. These results show that Nrgs 1, 2, and 3 are each capable of influencing dendritic and axonal growth at early developmental stages in GABAergic neurons grown in vitro.
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6
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Russo I, Gavello D, Menna E, Vandael D, Veglia C, Morello N, Corradini I, Focchi E, Alfieri A, Angelini C, Bianchi FT, Morellato A, Marcantoni A, Sassoè-Pognetto M, Ottaviani MM, Yekhlef L, Giustetto M, Taverna S, Carabelli V, Matteoli M, Carbone E, Turco E, Defilippi P. p140Cap Regulates GABAergic Synaptogenesis and Development of Hippocampal Inhibitory Circuits. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:91-105. [PMID: 29161354 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuronal scaffold protein p140Cap was investigated during hippocampal network formation. p140Cap is present in presynaptic GABAergic terminals and its genetic depletion results in a marked alteration of inhibitory synaptic activity. p140Cap-/- cultured neurons display higher frequency of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) with no changes of their mean amplitude. Consistent with a potential presynaptic alteration of basal GABA release, p140Cap-/- neurons exhibit a larger synaptic vesicle readily releasable pool, without any variation of single GABAA receptor unitary currents and number of postsynaptic channels. Furthermore, p140Cap-/- neurons show a premature and enhanced network synchronization and appear more susceptible to 4-aminopyridine-induced seizures in vitro and to kainate-induced seizures in vivo. The hippocampus of p140Cap-/- mice showed a significant increase in the number of both inhibitory synapses and of parvalbumin- and somatostatin-expressing interneurons. Specific deletion of p140Cap in forebrain interneurons resulted in increased susceptibility to in vitro epileptic events and increased inhibitory synaptogenesis, comparable to those observed in p140Cap-/- mice. Altogether, our data demonstrate that p140Cap finely tunes inhibitory synaptogenesis and GABAergic neurotransmission, thus regulating the establishment and maintenance of the proper hippocampal excitatory/inhibitory balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Russo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Daniela Gavello
- Department of Drug Science, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,NIS Centre of Excellence, Torino, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Menna
- Institute of Neuroscience, CNR, Milano, Italy.,Istituto Clinico Humanitas, IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - David Vandael
- Department of Drug Science, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,NIS Centre of Excellence, Torino, Italy
| | - Carola Veglia
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Noemi Morello
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Irene Corradini
- Institute of Neuroscience, CNR, Milano, Italy.,Istituto Clinico Humanitas, IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | | | - Annalisa Alfieri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Costanza Angelini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Federico Tommaso Bianchi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Torino, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Morellato
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Marcantoni
- Department of Drug Science, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,NIS Centre of Excellence, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Sassoè-Pognetto
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,National Institute of Neuroscience-Italy, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Latefa Yekhlef
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Giustetto
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,National Institute of Neuroscience-Italy, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefano Taverna
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Carabelli
- Department of Drug Science, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,NIS Centre of Excellence, Torino, Italy
| | - Michela Matteoli
- Institute of Neuroscience, CNR, Milano, Italy.,Istituto Clinico Humanitas, IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Emilio Carbone
- Department of Drug Science, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,NIS Centre of Excellence, Torino, Italy
| | - Emilia Turco
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Defilippi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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7
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Czarnek M, Bereta J. Proteolytic Processing of Neuregulin 2. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:1799-1813. [PMID: 31838721 PMCID: PMC7118043 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01846-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Neuregulin 2 (NRG2) belongs to the EGF family of growth factors. Most of this family members require proteolytic cleavage to liberate their ectodomains capable of binding and activating their cognate ErbB receptors. To date, most of the studies investigating proteolytic processing of neuregulins focused on NRG1, which was shown to undergo ectodomain shedding by several ADAM proteases and BACE1 and the remaining fragment was further cleaved by γ-secretase. Recently, NRG2 attracted more attention due to its role in the neurogenesis and modulation of behaviors associated with psychiatric disorders. In this study, we used genetic engineering methods to identify proteases involved in proteolytic processing of murine NRG2. Using non-neuronal cell lines as well as cultures of primary hippocampal neurons, we demonstrated that the major proteases responsible for releasing NRG2 ectodomain are ADAM10 and BACE2. Co-expression of NRG2 and BACE2 in neurons of certain brain structures including medulla oblongata and cerebellar deep nuclei was confirmed via immunohistochemical staining. The cleavage of NRG2 by ADAM10 or BACE2 generates a C-terminal fragment that serves as a substrate for γ-secretase. We also showed that murine NRG2 is subject to post-translational modifications, substantial glycosylation of its extracellular part, and phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic tail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Czarnek
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Joanna Bereta
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
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8
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Grieco SF, Wang G, Mahapatra A, Lai C, Holmes TC, Xu X. Neuregulin and ErbB expression is regulated by development and sensory experience in mouse visual cortex. J Comp Neurol 2019; 528:419-432. [PMID: 31454079 PMCID: PMC6901715 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Neuregulins (NRGs) are protein ligands that impact neural development and circuit function. NRGs signal through the ErbB receptor tyrosine kinase family. NRG1/ErbB4 signaling in parvalbumin-expressing (PV) inhibitory interneurons is critical for visual cortical plasticity. There are multiple types of NRGs and ErbBs that can potentially contribute to visual cortical plasticity at different developmental stages. Thus, it is important to understand the normal developmental expression profiles of NRGs and ErbBs in specific neuron types in the visual cortex, and to study whether and how their expression changes in PV inhibitory neurons and excitatory neurons track with sensory perturbation. Cell type-specific translating ribosome affinity purification and qPCR was used to compare mRNA expression of nrg1,2,3,4 and erbB1,2,3,4 in PV and excitatory neurons in mouse visual cortex. We show that the expression of nrg1 and nrg3 decreases in PV neurons at the critical period peak, postnatal day 28 (P28) after monocular deprivation and dark rearing, and in the adult cortex (at P104) after 2-week long dark exposure. In contrast, nrg1 expression by excitatory neurons is unchanged at P28 and P104 following sensory deprivation, whereas nrg3 expression by excitatory neurons shows changes depending on the age and the mode of sensory deprivation. ErbB4 expression in PV neurons remains consistently high and does not appear to change in response to sensory deprivation. These data provide new important details of cell type-specific NRG/ErbB expression in the visual cortex and support that NRG1/ErbB4 signaling is implicated in both critical period and adult visual cortical plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven F Grieco
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Gina Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Ananya Mahapatra
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Cary Lai
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Todd C Holmes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Xiangmin Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California
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9
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Gene expression analysis reveals early dysregulation of disease pathways and links Chmp7 to pathogenesis of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3539. [PMID: 30837566 PMCID: PMC6401132 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40118-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) results from a CAG repeat expansion within the androgen receptor gene (AR). It is unclear why motor neurons selectively degenerate and there are currently no treatments for this debilitating disease. To uncover the causative genes and pathways involved in motor neuron dysfunction, we undertook transcriptomic profiling of primary embryonic motor neurons from SBMA mice. We show that transcriptional dysregulation occurs early during development in SBMA motor neurons. One gene found to be dysregulated, Chmp7, was also altered in vivo in spinal cord before symptom onset in SBMA mice, and crucially in motor neuron precursor cells derived from SBMA patient stem cells, suggesting that Chmp7 may play a causal role in disease pathogenesis by disrupting the endosome-lysosome system. Furthermore, genes were enriched in SBMA motor neurons in several key pathways including p53, DNA repair, WNT and mitochondrial function. SBMA embryonic motor neurons also displayed dysfunctional mitochondria along with DNA damage, possibly resulting from DNA repair gene dysregulation and/or mitochondrial dysfunction. This indicates that a coordinated dysregulation of multiple pathways leads to development of SBMA. Importantly, our findings suggest that the identified pathways and genes, in particular Chmp7, may serve as potential therapeutic targets in SBMA.
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10
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Ganesh S, Ahmed P. H, Nadella RK, More RP, Seshadri M, Viswanath B, Rao M, Jain S, Mukherjee O. Exome sequencing in families with severe mental illness identifies novel and rare variants in genes implicated in Mendelian neuropsychiatric syndromes. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2019; 73:11-19. [PMID: 30367527 PMCID: PMC7380025 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM Severe mental illnesses (SMI), such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, are highly heritable, and have a complex pattern of inheritance. Genome-wide association studies detect a part of the heritability, which can be attributed to common genetic variation. Examination of rare variants with next-generation sequencing may add to the understanding of the genetic architecture of SMI. METHODS We analyzed 32 ill subjects from eight multiplex families and 33 healthy individuals using whole-exome sequencing. Prioritized variants were selected by a three-step filtering process, which included: deleteriousness by five in silico algorithms; sharing within families by affected individuals; rarity in South Asian sample estimated using the Exome Aggregation Consortium data; and complete absence of these variants in control individuals from the same gene pool. RESULTS We identified 42 rare, non-synonymous deleterious variants (~5 per pedigree) in this study. None of the variants were shared across families, indicating a 'private' mutational profile. Twenty (47.6%) of the variant harboring genes were previously reported to contribute to the risk of diverse neuropsychiatric syndromes, nine (21.4%) of which were of Mendelian inheritance. These included genes carrying novel deleterious variants, such as the GRM1 gene implicated in spinocerebellar ataxia 44 and the NIPBL gene implicated in Cornelia de Lange syndrome. CONCLUSION Next-generation sequencing approaches in family-based studies are useful to identify novel and rare variants in genes for complex disorders like SMI. The findings of the study suggest a potential phenotypic burden of rare variants in Mendelian disease genes, indicating pleiotropic effects in the etiology of SMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhas Ganesh
- Department of PsychiatryNational Institute of Mental Health and NeurosciencesBengaluruIndia
- Department of Psychiatry, Schizophrenia Neuropharmacology Research Group at YaleYale UniversityConnecticutUSA
| | | | - Ravi K. Nadella
- Department of PsychiatryNational Institute of Mental Health and NeurosciencesBengaluruIndia
| | - Ravi P. More
- National Centre for Biological SciencesBengaluruIndia
| | - Manasa Seshadri
- Department of PsychiatryNational Institute of Mental Health and NeurosciencesBengaluruIndia
| | - Biju Viswanath
- Department of PsychiatryNational Institute of Mental Health and NeurosciencesBengaluruIndia
| | - Mahendra Rao
- Centre for Brain Development and RepairInstitute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineBengaluruIndia
| | - Sanjeev Jain
- Department of PsychiatryNational Institute of Mental Health and NeurosciencesBengaluruIndia
| | - Odity Mukherjee
- Centre for Brain Development and RepairInstitute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineBengaluruIndia
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11
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Rahman A, Weber J, Labin E, Lai C, Prieto AL. Developmental expression of Neuregulin‐3 in the rat central nervous system. J Comp Neurol 2018; 527:797-817. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Afrida Rahman
- Departmentof Psychological and Brain SciencesIndiana University Bloomington Indiana
| | - Janet Weber
- Department NeuroscienceUniversity of California San Diego San Diego California
| | - Edward Labin
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Minnesota Minneapolis
| | - Cary Lai
- Departmentof Psychological and Brain SciencesIndiana University Bloomington Indiana
| | - Anne L Prieto
- Departmentof Psychological and Brain SciencesIndiana University Bloomington Indiana
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An essential role for neuregulin-4 in the growth and elaboration of developing neocortical pyramidal dendrites. Exp Neurol 2018; 302:85-92. [PMID: 29317193 PMCID: PMC5866123 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Neuregulins, with the exception of neuregulin-4 (NRG4), have been shown to be extensively involved in many aspects of neural development and function and are implicated in several neurological disorders, including schizophrenia, depression and bipolar disorder. Here we provide the first evidence that NRG4 has a crucial function in the developing brain. We show that both the apical and basal dendrites of neocortical pyramidal neurons are markedly stunted in Nrg4-/- neonates in vivo compared with Nrg4+/+ littermates. Neocortical pyramidal neurons cultured from Nrg4-/- embryos had significantly shorter and less branched neurites than those cultured from Nrg4+/+ littermates. Recombinant NRG4 rescued the stunted phenotype of embryonic neocortical pyramidal neurons cultured from Nrg4-/- mice. The majority of cultured wild type embryonic cortical pyramidal neurons co-expressed NRG4 and its receptor ErbB4. The difference between neocortical pyramidal dendrites of Nrg4-/- and Nrg4+/+ mice was less pronounced, though still significant, in juvenile mice. However, by adult stages, the pyramidal dendrite arbors of Nrg4-/- and Nrg4+/+ mice were similar, suggesting that compensatory changes in Nrg4-/- mice occur with age. Our findings show that NRG4 is a major novel regulator of dendritic arborisation in the developing cerebral cortex and suggest that it exerts its effects by an autocrine/paracrine mechanism.
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Jha MK, Kim JH, Song GJ, Lee WH, Lee IK, Lee HW, An SSA, Kim S, Suk K. Functional dissection of astrocyte-secreted proteins: Implications in brain health and diseases. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 162:37-69. [PMID: 29247683 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes, which are homeostatic cells of the central nervous system (CNS), display remarkable heterogeneity in their morphology and function. Besides their physical and metabolic support to neurons, astrocytes modulate the blood-brain barrier, regulate CNS synaptogenesis, guide axon pathfinding, maintain brain homeostasis, affect neuronal development and plasticity, and contribute to diverse neuropathologies via secreted proteins. The identification of astrocytic proteome and secretome profiles has provided new insights into the maintenance of neuronal health and survival, the pathogenesis of brain injury, and neurodegeneration. Recent advances in proteomics research have provided an excellent catalog of astrocyte-secreted proteins. This review categorizes astrocyte-secreted proteins and discusses evidence that astrocytes play a crucial role in neuronal activity and brain function. An in-depth understanding of astrocyte-secreted proteins and their pathways is pivotal for the development of novel strategies for restoring brain homeostasis, limiting brain injury/inflammation, counteracting neurodegeneration, and obtaining functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithilesh Kumar Jha
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jong-Heon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyun Jee Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ha Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Won Lee
- Department of Neurology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - SangYun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Neural mechanisms underlying GABAergic regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 371:33-46. [PMID: 28948349 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2668-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Within the dentate gyrus of the adult hippocampus is the subgranular zone, which contains a neurogenic niche for radial-glia like cells, the most primitive neural stem cells in the adult brain. The quiescence of neural stem cells is maintained by tonic gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) released from local interneurons. Once these cells differentiate into neural progenitor cells, GABA continues to regulate their development into mature granule cells, the principal cell type of the dentate gyrus. Here, we review the role of GABA circuits, signaling, and receptors in regulating development of adult-born cells, as well as the molecular players that modulate GABA signaling. Furthermore, we review recent findings linking dysregulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis to the altered GABAergic circuitry and signaling under various pathological conditions.
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15
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Zappulo A, van den Bruck D, Ciolli Mattioli C, Franke V, Imami K, McShane E, Moreno-Estelles M, Calviello L, Filipchyk A, Peguero-Sanchez E, Müller T, Woehler A, Birchmeier C, Merino E, Rajewsky N, Ohler U, Mazzoni EO, Selbach M, Akalin A, Chekulaeva M. RNA localization is a key determinant of neurite-enriched proteome. Nat Commun 2017; 8:583. [PMID: 28928394 PMCID: PMC5605627 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00690-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein subcellular localization is fundamental to the establishment of the body axis, cell migration, synaptic plasticity, and a vast range of other biological processes. Protein localization occurs through three mechanisms: protein transport, mRNA localization, and local translation. However, the relative contribution of each process to neuronal polarity remains unknown. Using neurons differentiated from mouse embryonic stem cells, we analyze protein and RNA expression and translation rates in isolated cell bodies and neurites genome-wide. We quantify 7323 proteins and the entire transcriptome, and identify hundreds of neurite-localized proteins and locally translated mRNAs. Our results demonstrate that mRNA localization is the primary mechanism for protein localization in neurites that may account for half of the neurite-localized proteome. Moreover, we identify multiple neurite-targeted non-coding RNAs and RNA-binding proteins with potential regulatory roles. These results provide further insight into the mechanisms underlying the establishment of neuronal polarity. Subcellular localization of RNAs and proteins is important for polarized cells such as neurons. Here the authors differentiate mouse embryonic stem cells into neurons, and analyze the local transcriptome, proteome, and translated transcriptome in their cell bodies and neurites, providing a unique resource for future studies on neuronal polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Zappulo
- Non-coding RNAs and Mechanisms of Cytoplasmic Gene Regulation, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - David van den Bruck
- Non-coding RNAs and Mechanisms of Cytoplasmic Gene Regulation, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Camilla Ciolli Mattioli
- Non-coding RNAs and Mechanisms of Cytoplasmic Gene Regulation, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vedran Franke
- BIMSB Bioinformatics Platform, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Koshi Imami
- Proteome Dynamics, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Erik McShane
- Proteome Dynamics, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Lorenzo Calviello
- Computational Regulatory Genomics, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrei Filipchyk
- Systems Biology of Gene Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Esteban Peguero-Sanchez
- Non-coding RNAs and Mechanisms of Cytoplasmic Gene Regulation, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Av. Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP, 62210, Mexico
| | - Thomas Müller
- Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrew Woehler
- BIMSB Light Microscopy Platform, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carmen Birchmeier
- Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Enrique Merino
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Av. Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP, 62210, Mexico
| | - Nikolaus Rajewsky
- Systems Biology of Gene Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Ohler
- Computational Regulatory Genomics, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Esteban O Mazzoni
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, 10003-6688, USA
| | - Matthias Selbach
- Proteome Dynamics, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Altuna Akalin
- BIMSB Bioinformatics Platform, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marina Chekulaeva
- Non-coding RNAs and Mechanisms of Cytoplasmic Gene Regulation, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
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Ma X, Zhou Y, Chai Y, Wang X, Huang X. Stat3 Controls Maturation and Terminal Differentiation in Mouse Hippocampal Neurons. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 61:88-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0820-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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