1
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Xu M, Hu B, Wang Z, Zhu L, Lin J, Wang D. Mathematical derivation and mechanism analysis of beta oscillations in a cortex-pallidum model. Cogn Neurodyn 2024; 18:1359-1378. [PMID: 38826645 PMCID: PMC11143146 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-023-09951-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we develop a new cortex-pallidum model to study the origin mechanism of Parkinson's oscillations in the cortex. In contrast to many previous models, the globus pallidus internal (GPi) and externa (GPe) both exert direct inhibitory feedback to the cortex. Using Hopf bifurcation analysis, two new critical conditions for oscillations, which can include the self-feedback projection of GPe, are obtained. In this paper, we find that the average discharge rate (ADR) is an important marker of oscillations, which can divide Hopf bifurcations into two types that can uniformly be used to explain the oscillation mechanism. Interestingly, the ADR of the cortex first increases and then decreases with increasing coupling weights that are projected to the GPe. Regarding the Hopf bifurcation critical conditions, the quantitative relationship between the inhibitory projection and excitatory projection to the GPe is monotonically increasing; in contrast, the relationship between different coupling weights in the cortex is monotonically decreasing. In general, the oscillation amplitude is the lowest near the bifurcation points and reaches the maximum value with the evolution of oscillations. The GPe is an effective target for deep brain stimulation to alleviate oscillations in the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minbo Xu
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023 China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023 China
| | - Zhizhi Wang
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023 China
| | - Luyao Zhu
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023 China
| | - Jiahui Lin
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023 China
| | - Dingjiang Wang
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023 China
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2
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Giossi C, Rubin JE, Gittis A, Verstynen T, Vich C. Rethinking the external globus pallidus and information flow in cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic circuits. Eur J Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 38659055 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
For decades, the external globus pallidus (GPe) has been viewed as a passive way-station in the indirect pathway of the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic (CBGT) circuit, sandwiched between striatal inputs and basal ganglia outputs. According to this model, one-way descending striatal signals in the indirect pathway amplify the suppression of downstream thalamic nuclei by inhibiting GPe activity. Here, we revisit this assumption, in light of new and emerging work on the cellular complexity, connectivity and functional role of the GPe in behaviour. We show how, according to this new circuit-level logic, the GPe is ideally positioned for relaying ascending and descending control signals within the basal ganglia. Focusing on the problem of inhibitory control, we illustrate how this bidirectional flow of information allows for the integration of reactive and proactive control mechanisms during action selection. Taken together, this new evidence points to the GPe as being a central hub in the CBGT circuit, participating in bidirectional information flow and linking multifaceted control signals to regulate behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Giossi
- Departament de Ciències Matemàtiques i Informàtica, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
- Institute of Applied Computing and Community Code, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Jonathan E Rubin
- Department of Mathematics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aryn Gittis
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Timothy Verstynen
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Catalina Vich
- Departament de Ciències Matemàtiques i Informàtica, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
- Institute of Applied Computing and Community Code, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
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3
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Steiner LA, Crompton D, Sumarac S, Vetkas A, Germann J, Scherer M, Justich M, Boutet A, Popovic MR, Hodaie M, Kalia SK, Fasano A, Hutchison Wd WD, Lozano AM, Lankarany M, Kühn AA, Milosevic L. Neural signatures of indirect pathway activity during subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson's disease. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3130. [PMID: 38605039 PMCID: PMC11009243 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47552-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) produces an electrophysiological signature called evoked resonant neural activity (ERNA); a high-frequency oscillation that has been linked to treatment efficacy. However, the single-neuron and synaptic bases of ERNA are unsubstantiated. This study proposes that ERNA is a subcortical neuronal circuit signature of DBS-mediated engagement of the basal ganglia indirect pathway network. In people with Parkinson's disease, we: (i) showed that each peak of the ERNA waveform is associated with temporally-locked neuronal inhibition in the STN; (ii) characterized the temporal dynamics of ERNA; (iii) identified a putative mesocircuit architecture, embedded with empirically-derived synaptic dynamics, that is necessary for the emergence of ERNA in silico; (iv) localized ERNA to the dorsal STN in electrophysiological and normative anatomical space; (v) used patient-wise hotspot locations to assess spatial relevance of ERNA with respect to DBS outcome; and (vi) characterized the local fiber activation profile associated with the derived group-level ERNA hotspot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon A Steiner
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5T 1M8, Canada
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 10117, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, 10178, Germany
| | - David Crompton
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5T 1M8, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Srdjan Sumarac
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5T 1M8, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Artur Vetkas
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5T 1M8, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Jürgen Germann
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5T 1M8, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Maximilian Scherer
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5T 1M8, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Maria Justich
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5T 1M8, Canada
- Department of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H2, Canada
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Alexandre Boutet
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1×6, Canada
| | - Milos R Popovic
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
- KITE Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2A2, Canada
- Center for Advancing Neurotechnological Innovation to Application (CRANIA), Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Mojgan Hodaie
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5T 1M8, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
- Center for Advancing Neurotechnological Innovation to Application (CRANIA), Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Suneil K Kalia
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5T 1M8, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
- KITE Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2A2, Canada
- Center for Advancing Neurotechnological Innovation to Application (CRANIA), Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Alfonso Fasano
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5T 1M8, Canada
- Department of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H2, Canada
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
- Center for Advancing Neurotechnological Innovation to Application (CRANIA), Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - William D Hutchison Wd
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5T 1M8, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
- Center for Advancing Neurotechnological Innovation to Application (CRANIA), Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Andres M Lozano
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5T 1M8, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
- Center for Advancing Neurotechnological Innovation to Application (CRANIA), Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Milad Lankarany
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5T 1M8, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
- Center for Advancing Neurotechnological Innovation to Application (CRANIA), Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Andrea A Kühn
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Luka Milosevic
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5T 1M8, Canada.
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada.
- KITE Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2A2, Canada.
- Center for Advancing Neurotechnological Innovation to Application (CRANIA), Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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4
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Liénard JF, Aubin L, Cos I, Girard B. Estimation of the transmission delays in the basal ganglia of the macaque monkey and subsequent predictions about oscillatory activity under dopamine depletion. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:1657-1680. [PMID: 38414108 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The timescales of the dynamics of a system depend on the combination of the timescales of its components and of its transmission delays between components. Here, we combine experimental stimulation data from 10 studies in macaque monkeys that reveal the timing of excitatory and inhibitory events in the basal ganglia circuit, to estimate its set of transmission delays. In doing so, we reveal possible inconsistencies in the existing data, calling for replications, and we propose two possible sets of transmission delays. We then integrate these delays in a model of the primate basal ganglia that does not rely on direct and indirect pathways' segregation and show that extrastriatal dopaminergic depletion in the external part of the globus pallidus and in the subthalamic nucleus is sufficient to generate β-band oscillations (in the high part, 20-35 Hz, of the band). More specifically, we show that D2 and D5 dopamine receptors in these nuclei play opposing roles in the emergence of these oscillations, thereby explaining how completely deactivating D5 receptors in the subthalamic nucleus can, paradoxically, cancel oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean F Liénard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et de Robotique (ISIR), Paris, France
| | - Lise Aubin
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et de Robotique (ISIR), Paris, France
| | - Ignasi Cos
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et de Robotique (ISIR), Paris, France
- Facultat de Matemàtiques i Informàtica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Serra-Hunter Fellow Program, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benoît Girard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et de Robotique (ISIR), Paris, France
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5
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Nambu A, Chiken S. External segment of the globus pallidus in health and disease: Its interactions with the striatum and subthalamic nucleus. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 190:106362. [PMID: 37992783 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The external segment of the globus pallidus (GPe) has long been considered a homogeneous structure that receives inputs from the striatum and sends processed information to the subthalamic nucleus, composing a relay nucleus of the indirect pathway that contributes to movement suppression. Recent methodological revolution in rodents led to the identification of two distinct cell types in the GPe with different fiber connections. The GPe may be regarded as a dynamic, complex and influential center within the basal ganglia circuitry, rather than a simple relay nucleus. On the other hand, many studies have so far been performed in monkeys to clarify the functions of the basal ganglia in the healthy and diseased states, but have not paid much attention to such classification and functional differences of GPe neurons. In this minireview, we consider the knowledge on the rodent GPe and discuss its impact on the understanding of the basal ganglia circuitry in monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Nambu
- Division of System Neurophysiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.
| | - Satomi Chiken
- Division of System Neurophysiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
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6
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Giossi C, Rubin JE, Gittis A, Verstynen T, Vich C. Rethinking the external globus pallidus and information flow in cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic circuits. ARXIV 2023:arXiv:2312.14267v2. [PMID: 38196745 PMCID: PMC10775352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
For decades the external globus pallidus (GPe) has been viewed as a passive way-station in the indirect pathway of the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic (CBGT) circuit, sandwiched between striatal inputs and basal ganglia outputs. According to this model, one-way descending striatal signals in the indirect pathway amplify the suppression of downstream thalamic nuclei by inhibiting GPe activity. Here we revisit this assumption, in light of new and emerging work on the cellular complexity, connectivity, and functional role of the GPe in behavior. We show how, according to this new circuit-level logic, the GPe is ideally positioned for relaying ascending and descending control signals within the basal ganglia. Focusing on the problem of inhibitory control, we illustrate how this bidirectional flow of information allows for the integration of reactive and proactive control mechanisms during action selection. Taken together, this new evidence points to the GPe as being a central hub in the CBGT circuit, participating in bidirectional information flow and linking multifaceted control signals to regulate behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Giossi
- Departament de Matemàtiques i Informàtica, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
- Institute of Applied Computing and Community Code, Palma, Spain
| | - Jonathan E Rubin
- Department of Mathematics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, Carnegie Mellon University, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Aryn Gittis
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, Carnegie Mellon University, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Timothy Verstynen
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, Carnegie Mellon University, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Catalina Vich
- Departament de Matemàtiques i Informàtica, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
- Institute of Applied Computing and Community Code, Palma, Spain
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7
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Chen M, Zhu Y, Zhang R, Yu R, Hu Y, Wan H, Yao D, Guo D. A model description of beta oscillations in the external globus pallidus. Cogn Neurodyn 2023; 17:477-487. [PMID: 37007193 PMCID: PMC10050307 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-022-09827-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The external globus pallidus (GPe), a subcortical nucleus located in the indirect pathway of the basal ganglia, is widely considered to have tight associations with abnormal beta oscillations (13-30 Hz) observed in Parkinson's disease (PD). Despite that many mechanisms have been put forward to explain the emergence of these beta oscillations, however, it is still unclear the functional contributions of the GPe, especially, whether the GPe itself can generate beta oscillations. To investigate the role played by the GPe in producing beta oscillations, we employ a well described firing rate model of the GPe neural population. Through extensive simulations, we find that the transmission delay within the GPe-GPe pathway contributes significantly to inducing beta oscillations, and the impacts of the time constant and connection strength of the GPe-GPe pathway on generating beta oscillations are non-negligible. Moreover, the GPe firing patterns can be significantly modulated by the time constant and connection strength of the GPe-GPe pathway, as well as the transmission delay within the GPe-GPe pathway. Interestingly, both increasing and decreasing the transmission delay can push the GPe firing pattern from beta oscillations to other firing patterns, including oscillation and non-oscillation firing patterns. These findings suggest that if the transmission delays within the GPe are at least 9.8 ms, beta oscillations can be produced originally in the GPe neural population, which also may be the origin of PD-related beta oscillations and should be regarded as a promising target for treatments for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain–Computer Interface Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajie Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain–Computer Interface Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain–Computer Interface Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Renping Yu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain–Computer Interface Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxia Hu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain–Computer Interface Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Wan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain–Computer Interface Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dezhong Yao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain–Computer Interface Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 People’s Republic of China
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 People’s Republic of China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 People’s Republic of China
| | - Daqing Guo
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 People’s Republic of China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 People’s Republic of China
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8
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Xu M, Hu B, Zhou W, Wang Z, Zhu L, Lin J, Wang D. The mechanism of Parkinson oscillation in the cortex: Possible evidence in a feedback model projecting from the globus pallidus to the cortex. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2023; 20:6517-6550. [PMID: 37161117 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2023281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The origin, location and cause of Parkinson's oscillation are not clear at present. In this paper, we establish a new cortex-basal ganglia model to study the origin mechanism of Parkinson beta oscillation. Unlike many previous models, this model includes two direct inhibitory projections from the globus pallidus external (GPe) segment to the cortex. We first obtain the critical calculation formula of Parkinson's oscillation by using the method of Quasilinear analysis. Different from previous studies, the formula obtained in this paper can include the self-feedback connection of GPe. Then, we use the bifurcation analysis method to systematically explain the influence of some key parameters on the oscillation. We find that the bifurcation principle of different cortical nuclei is different. In general, the increase of the discharge capacity of the nuclei will cause oscillation. In some special cases, the sharp reduction of the discharge rate of the nuclei will also cause oscillation. The direction of bifurcation simulation is consistent with the critical condition curve. Finally, we discuss the characteristics of oscillation amplitude. At the beginning of the oscillation, the amplitude is relatively small; with the evolution of oscillation, the amplitude will gradually strengthen. This is consistent with the experimental phenomenon. In most cases, the amplitude of cortical inhibitory nuclei (CIN) is greater than that of cortical excitatory nuclei (CEX), and the two direct inhibitory projections feedback from GPe can significantly reduce the amplitude gap between them. We calculate the main frequency of the oscillation generated in this model, which basically falls between 13 and 30 Hz, belonging to the typical beta frequency band oscillation. Some new results obtained in this paper can help to better understand the origin mechanism of Parkinson's disease and have guiding significance for the development of experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minbo Xu
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Weiting Zhou
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Zhizhi Wang
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Luyao Zhu
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Jiahui Lin
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Dingjiang Wang
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
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9
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Madadi Asl M, Asadi A, Enayati J, Valizadeh A. Inhibitory Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity Can Account for Pathological Strengthening of Pallido-Subthalamic Synapses in Parkinson's Disease. Front Physiol 2022; 13:915626. [PMID: 35665225 PMCID: PMC9160312 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.915626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative brain disorder associated with dysfunction of the basal ganglia (BG) circuitry. Dopamine (DA) depletion in experimental PD models leads to the pathological strengthening of pallido-subthalamic synaptic connections, contributing to the emergence of abnormally synchronized neuronal activity in the external segment of the globus pallidus (GPe) and subthalamic nucleus (STN). Augmented GPe-STN transmission following loss of DA was attributed to heterosynaptic plasticity mechanisms induced by cortico-subthalamic inputs. However, synaptic plasticity may play a role in this process. Here, by employing computational modeling we show that assuming inhibitory spike-timing-dependent plasticity (iSTDP) at pallido-subthalamic synapses can account for pathological strengthening of pallido-subthalamic synapses in PD by further promoting correlated neuronal activity in the GPe-STN network. In addition, we show that GPe-STN transmission delays can shape bistable activity-connectivity states due to iSTDP, characterized by strong connectivity and strong synchronized activity (pathological states) as opposed to weak connectivity and desynchronized activity (physiological states). Our results may shed light on how abnormal reshaping of GPe-STN connectivity by synaptic plasticity during parkinsonism is related to the PD pathophysiology and contribute to the development of therapeutic brain stimulation techniques targeting plasticity-induced rewiring of network connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Madadi Asl
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Atefeh Asadi
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Jamil Enayati
- Physics Department, College of Education, University of Garmian, Kalar, Iraq
| | - Alireza Valizadeh
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
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10
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Hu B, Xu M, Zhu L, Lin J, Zhizhi Wang, Wang D, Zhang D. A bidirectional Hopf bifurcation analysis of Parkinson's oscillation in a simplified basal ganglia model. J Theor Biol 2021; 536:110979. [PMID: 34942160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we study the parkinson oscillation mechanism in a computational model by bifurcation analysis and numerical simulation. Oscillatory activities can be induced by abnormal coupling weights and delays. The bidirectional Hopf bifurcation phenomena are found in simulations, which can uniformly explain the oscillation mechanism in this model. The Hopf1 represents the transition between the low firing rate stable state (SS) and oscillation state (OS), the Hopf2 represents the transition between the high firing rate stable state (HSS) and the OS, the mechanisms of them are different. The Hopf1 and Hopf2 bifurcations both show that when the state transfers from the stable region to the oscillation region, oscillatory activities always originate from the beta frequency band, and then gradually evolve into the alpha frequency band, the theta frequency band and delta frequency band in this model. We find that the changing trends of the DF and oscillation amplitude (OSAM) are contrary, oscillation activities in lower frequency band are more stable than that in higher frequency band. The effect of the delay in inhibitory pathways is greater than that of in excitatory pathways, and appropriate delays improve the discharge activation level (DAL) of the system. In all, we infer that oscillations can be induced by the follow factors: 1. Improvement of the DAL of the globus pallidus externa (GPe); 2. Reduce the DAL of the GPe from the HSS or the discharge saturation state; 3. The GPe can also resonate with the subthalamic nucleus (STN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Hu
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China.
| | - Minbo Xu
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Luyao Zhu
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Jiahui Lin
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Zhizhi Wang
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Dingjiang Wang
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China.
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
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11
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Spix TA, Nanivadekar S, Toong N, Kaplow IM, Isett BR, Goksen Y, Pfenning AR, Gittis AH. Population-specific neuromodulation prolongs therapeutic benefits of deep brain stimulation. Science 2021; 374:201-206. [PMID: 34618556 PMCID: PMC11098594 DOI: 10.1126/science.abi7852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Symptoms of neurological diseases emerge through the dysfunction of neural circuits whose diffuse and intertwined architectures pose serious challenges for delivering therapies. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) improves Parkinson’s disease symptoms acutely but does not differentiate between neuronal circuits, and its effects decay rapidly if stimulation is discontinued. Recent findings suggest that optogenetic manipulation of distinct neuronal subpopulations in the external globus pallidus (GPe) provides long-lasting therapeutic effects in dopamine-depleted (DD) mice. We used synaptic differences to excite parvalbumin-expressing GPe neurons and inhibit lim-homeobox-6–expressing GPe neurons simultaneously using brief bursts of electrical stimulation. In DD mice, circuit-inspired DBS provided long-lasting therapeutic benefits that far exceeded those induced by conventional DBS, extending several hours after stimulation. These results establish the feasibility of transforming knowledge of circuit architecture into translatable therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa A. Spix
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shruti Nanivadekar
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Noelle Toong
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Irene M. Kaplow
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Computational Biology Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brian R. Isett
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yazel Goksen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andreas R. Pfenning
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Computational Biology Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aryn H. Gittis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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12
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Manos T, Diaz-Pier S, Tass PA. Long-Term Desynchronization by Coordinated Reset Stimulation in a Neural Network Model With Synaptic and Structural Plasticity. Front Physiol 2021; 12:716556. [PMID: 34566681 PMCID: PMC8455881 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.716556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several brain disorders are characterized by abnormal neuronal synchronization. To specifically counteract abnormal neuronal synchrony and, hence, related symptoms, coordinated reset (CR) stimulation was computationally developed. In principle, successive epochs of synchronizing and desynchronizing stimulation may reversibly move neural networks with plastic synapses back and forth between stable regimes with synchronized and desynchronized firing. Computationally derived predictions have been verified in pre-clinical and clinical studies, paving the way for novel therapies. However, as yet, computational models were not able to reproduce the clinically observed increase of desynchronizing effects of regularly administered CR stimulation intermingled by long stimulation-free epochs. We show that this clinically important phenomenon can be computationally reproduced by taking into account structural plasticity (SP), a mechanism that deletes or generates synapses in order to homeostatically adapt the firing rates of neurons to a set point-like target firing rate in the course of days to months. If we assume that CR stimulation favorably reduces the target firing rate of SP, the desynchronizing effects of CR stimulation increase after long stimulation-free epochs, in accordance with clinically observed phenomena. Our study highlights the pivotal role of stimulation- and dosing-induced modulation of homeostatic set points in therapeutic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanos Manos
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modélisation, CNRS, UMR 8089, CY Cergy Paris Université, Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, France
| | - Sandra Diaz-Pier
- Simulation & Data Lab Neuroscience, Institute for Advanced Simulation, Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, JARA, Jülich, Germany
| | - Peter A Tass
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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13
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Chen Y, Wang J, Kang Y, Ghori MB. Emergence of Beta Oscillations of a Resonance Model for Parkinson's Disease. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:8824760. [PMID: 33335546 PMCID: PMC7722408 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8824760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease, the excess of beta oscillations in cortical-basal ganglia (BG) circuits has been correlated with normal movement suppression. In this paper, a physiologically based resonance model, generalizing an earlier model of the STN-GPe circuit, is employed to analyze critical dynamics of the occurrence of beta oscillations, which correspond to Hopf bifurcation. With the experimentally measured parameters, conditions for the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation with time delay are deduced by means of linear stability analysis, center manifold theorem, and normal form analysis. It is found that beta oscillations can be induced by increasing synaptic transmission delay. Furthermore, it is revealed that the oscillations originate from interaction among different synaptic connections. Our analytical results are consistent with the previous experimental and simulating findings, thus may provide a more systematic insight into the mechanisms underlying the transient beta bursts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Chen
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049 Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Junsong Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yanmei Kang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049 Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal Ghori
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049 Shaanxi Province, China
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14
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Hu B, Xu M, Wang Z, Jiang D, Wang D, Zhang D. The theoretical mechanism of Parkinson's oscillation frequency bands: a computational model study. Cogn Neurodyn 2020; 15:721-731. [PMID: 34367370 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-020-09651-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive synchronous oscillation activities appear in the brain is a key pathological feature of Parkinson's disease, the mechanism of which is still unclear. Although some previous studies indicated that β oscillation (13-30 Hz) may directly originate in the network composed of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and external globus pallidus (GPe) neurons, specific onset mechanisms of which are unclear, especially theoretical evidences in numerical simulation are still little. In this paper, we employ a STN-GPe mean-field model to explore the onset mechanism of Parkinson's oscillation. In addition to β oscillation, we find that some other common oscillation frequency bands can appear in this network, such as the α oscillation band (8-12 Hz), the θ oscillation band (4-7 Hz) and δ oscillation band (1-3 Hz). In addition to the coupling weight between the STN and GPe, the delay is also a critical factor to affect oscillatory activities, which can not be neglected compared to other parameters. Through simulation and analysis, we propose two possible theories may induce the system to transfer from the stable state to the oscillatory state in this model: (1). The oscillation activity can be induced when the firing activation level of the population increases to large enough; (2). In some special cases, the population may stay in the high firing rate stable state and the mean discharge rate of which is too large to induce oscillations, then oscillation activities may be induced as the MD decreases to moderate value. In most situations, the change trends of the MD and oscillation dominant frequency are contrary, which may be an important physiological phenomenon shown in this model. The delays and firing rates were obtained by simulating, which may be verified in the experiment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Hu
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023 China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Minbo Xu
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023 China
| | - Zhizhi Wang
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023 China
| | - Danhua Jiang
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023 China
| | - Dingjiang Wang
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023 China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023 China
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15
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Stefani A, Cerroni R, Pierantozzi M, D’Angelo V, Grandi L, Spanetta M, Galati S. Deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease patients and routine 6‐OHDA rodent models: Synergies and pitfalls. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:2322-2343. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Stefani
- Department of System Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome Italy
| | - Rocco Cerroni
- Department of System Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome Italy
| | - Mariangela Pierantozzi
- Department of System Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome Italy
| | - Vincenza D’Angelo
- Department of System Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome Italy
| | - Laura Grandi
- Center for Movement Disorders Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland Lugano Switzerland
| | - Matteo Spanetta
- Department of System Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome Italy
| | - Salvatore Galati
- Center for Movement Disorders Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland Lugano Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Università della Svizzera Italiana Lugano Switzerland
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16
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Trevathan JK, Asp AJ, Nicolai EN, Trevathan JM, Kremer NA, Kozai TDY, Cheng D, Schachter MJ, Nassi JJ, Otte SL, Parker JG, Lujan JL, Ludwig KA. Calcium imaging in freely-moving mice during electrical stimulation of deep brain structures. J Neural Eng 2020; 18:10.1088/1741-2552/abb7a4. [PMID: 32916665 PMCID: PMC8485730 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/abb7a4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
After decades of study in humans and animal models, there remains a lack of consensus regarding how the action of electrical stimulation on neuronal and non-neuronal elements - e.g. neuropil, cell bodies, glial cells, etc. - leads to the therapeutic effects of neuromodulation therapies. To further our understanding of neuromodulation therapies, there is a critical need for novel methodological approaches using state-of-the-art neuroscience tools to study neuromodulation therapy in preclinical models of disease. In this manuscript we outline one such approach combining chronic behaving single-photon microendoscope recordings in a pathological mouse model with electrical stimulation of a common deep brain stimulation (DBS) target. We describe in detail the steps necessary to realize this approach, as well as discuss key considerations for extending this experimental paradigm to other DBS targets for different therapeutic indications. Additionally, we make recommendations from our experience on implementing and validating the required combination of procedures that includes: the induction of a pathological model (6-OHDA model of Parkinson's disease) through an injection procedure, the injection of the viral vector to induce GCaMP expression, the implantation of the GRIN lens and stimulation electrode, and the installation of a baseplate for mounting the microendoscope. We proactively identify unique data analysis confounds occurring due to the combination of electrical stimulation and optical recordings and outline an approach to address these confounds. In order to validate the technical feasibility of this unique combination of experimental methods, we present data to demonstrate that 1) despite the complex multifaceted surgical procedures, chronic optical recordings of hundreds of cells combined with stimulation is achievable over week long periods 2) this approach enables measurement of differences in DBS evoked neural activity between anesthetized and awake conditions and 3) this combination of techniques can be used to measure electrical stimulation induced changes in neural activity during behavior in a pathological mouse model. These findings are presented to underscore the feasibility and potential utility of minimally constrained optical recordings to elucidate the mechanisms of DBS therapies in animal models of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James K Trevathan
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
| | - Anders J Asp
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
| | - Evan N Nicolai
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
| | - Jonathan M Trevathan
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
| | - Nicholas A Kremer
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
| | - Takashi DY Kozai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States of America
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States of America
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States of America
- NeuroTech Center of the University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States of America
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States of America
| | - David Cheng
- Inscopix, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Jones G Parker
- CNC Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - J Luis Lujan
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Kip A Ludwig
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States of America
- These authors contributed equally
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17
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Sano N, Nakayama Y, Ishida H, Chiken S, Hoshi E, Nambu A, Nishimura Y. Cerebellar outputs contribute to spontaneous and movement-related activity in the motor cortex of monkeys. Neurosci Res 2020; 164:10-21. [PMID: 32294524 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cerebellar outputs originate from the dentate nucleus (DN), project to the primary motor cortex (M1) via the motor thalamus, control M1 activity, and play an essential role in coordinated movements. However, it is unclear when and how the cerebellar outputs contribute to M1 activity. To address this question, we examined the response of M1 neurons to electrical stimulation of the DN and M1 activity during performance of arm-reaching tasks. Based on response patterns to DN stimulation, M1 neurons were classified into facilitation-, suppression-, and no-response-types. During tasks, not only facilitation- and suppression-type M1 neurons, but also no response-type M1 neurons increased or decreased their firing rates in relation to arm reaching movements. However, the firing rates of facilitation- and suppression-type neurons were higher than those of no-response-type neurons during both inter-trial intervals and arm reaching movements. These results imply that cerebellar outputs contribute to both spontaneous and movement-related activity in the M1, which help to maintain muscle tones and execute coordinated movements, although other inputs also contribute to movement-related activity. Pharmacological inactivation of the DN supports this notion, in that DN inactivation reduced both spontaneous firing rates and movement-related activity in the M1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuya Sano
- Frontal Lobe Function Project, Department of Dementia and Higher Brain Function, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, 156-8506, Tokyo, Japan; Neural Prosthetics Project, Department of Dementia and Higher Brain Function, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, 156-8506, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan; Japan Society for Promotion of Science, Chiyoda, 102-0083, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Nakayama
- Frontal Lobe Function Project, Department of Dementia and Higher Brain Function, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, 156-8506, Tokyo, Japan; Neural Prosthetics Project, Department of Dementia and Higher Brain Function, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, 156-8506, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ishida
- Frontal Lobe Function Project, Department of Dementia and Higher Brain Function, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, 156-8506, Tokyo, Japan; Neural Prosthetics Project, Department of Dementia and Higher Brain Function, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, 156-8506, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satomi Chiken
- Division of System Neurophysiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585, Aichi, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, 444-8585, Aichi, Japan
| | - Eiji Hoshi
- Frontal Lobe Function Project, Department of Dementia and Higher Brain Function, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, 156-8506, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Nambu
- Division of System Neurophysiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585, Aichi, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, 444-8585, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Yukio Nishimura
- Neural Prosthetics Project, Department of Dementia and Higher Brain Function, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, 156-8506, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
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18
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Beneficial effect of 24-month bilateral subthalamic stimulation on quality of sleep in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol 2020; 267:1830-1841. [PMID: 32152689 PMCID: PMC7293679 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-09743-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) improves quality of life (QoL), motor, and sleep symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the long-term effects of STN-DBS on sleep and its relationship with QoL outcome are unclear. METHODS In this prospective, observational, multicenter study including 73 PD patients undergoing bilateral STN-DBS, we examined PDSleep Scale (PDSS), PDQuestionnaire-8 (PDQ-8), Scales for Outcomes in PD-motor examination, -activities of daily living, and -complications (SCOPA-A, -B, -C), and levodopa-equivalent daily dose (LEDD) preoperatively, at 5 and 24 months follow-up. Longitudinal changes were analyzed with Friedman-tests or repeated-measures ANOVA, when parametric tests were applicable, and Bonferroni-correction for multiple comparisons. Post-hoc, visits were compared with Wilcoxon signed-rank/t-tests. The magnitude of clinical responses was investigated using effect size. RESULTS Significant beneficial effects of STN-DBS were observed for PDSS, PDQ-8, SCOPA-A, -B, and -C. All outcomes improved significantly at 5 months with subsequent decrements in gains at 24 months follow-up which were significant for PDSS, PDQ-8, and SCOPA-B. Comparing baseline and 24 months follow-up, we observed significant improvements of PDSS (small effect), SCOPA-A (moderate effect), -C, and LEDD (large effects). PDSS and PDQ-8 improvements correlated significantly at 5 and 24 months follow-up. CONCLUSIONS In this multicenter study with a 24 months follow-up, we report significant sustained improvements after bilateral STN-DBS using a PD-specific sleep scale and a significant relationship between sleep and QoL improvements. This highlights the importance of sleep in holistic assessments of DBS outcomes.
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19
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Wichmann T. Changing views of the pathophysiology of Parkinsonism. Mov Disord 2019; 34:1130-1143. [PMID: 31216379 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of the pathophysiology of parkinsonism (specifically akinesia and bradykinesia) have a long history and primarily model the consequences of dopamine loss in the basal ganglia on the function of the basal ganglia/thalamocortical circuit(s). Changes of firing rates of individual nodes within these circuits were originally considered central to parkinsonism. However, this view has now given way to the belief that changes in firing patterns within the basal ganglia and related nuclei are more important, including the emergence of burst discharges, greater synchrony of firing between neighboring neurons, oscillatory activity patterns, and the excessive coupling of oscillatory activities at different frequencies. Primarily focusing on studies obtained in nonhuman primates and human patients with Parkinson's disease, this review summarizes the current state of this field and highlights several emerging areas of research, including studies of the impact of the heterogeneity of external pallidal neurons on parkinsonism, the importance of extrastriatal dopamine loss, parkinsonism-associated synaptic and morphologic plasticity, and the potential role(s) of the cerebellum and brainstem in the motor dysfunction of Parkinson's disease. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wichmann
- Department of Neurology/School of Medicine and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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20
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The onset mechanism of Parkinson's beta oscillations: A theoretical analysis. J Theor Biol 2019; 470:1-16. [PMID: 30858065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we build a basal ganglia-cortex-thalamus model to study the oscillatory mechanisms and boundary conditions of the beta frequency band (13-30 Hz) that appears in the subthalamic nucleus. First, a theoretical oscillatory boundary formula is obtained in a simplified model by using the Laplace transform and linearization process of the system at fixed points. Second, we simulate the oscillatory boundary conditions through numerical calculations, which fit with our theoretical results very well, at least in the changing trend. We find that several critical coupling strengths in the model exert great effects on the oscillations, the mechanisms of which differ but can be explained in detail by our model and the oscillatory boundary formula. Specifically, we note that the relatively small or large sizes of the coupling strength from the fast-spiking interneurons to the medium spiny neurons and from the cortex to the fast-spiking interneurons both have obvious maintenance roles on the states. Similar phenomena have been reported in other neurological diseases, such as absence epilepsy. However, some of those interesting mutual regulation mechanisms in the model have rarely been considered in previous studies. In addition to the coupling weight in the pathway, in this work, we show that the delay is a key parameter that affects oscillations. On the one hand, the system needs a minimum delay to generate oscillations; on the other hand, in the appropriate range, a longer delay leads to a higher activation level of the subthalamic nucleus. In this paper, we study the oscillation activities that appear on the subthalamic nucleus. Moreover, all populations in the model show the dynamic behaviour of a synchronous resonance. Therefore, we infer that the mechanisms obtained can be expanded to explore the state of other populations, and that the model provides a unified framework for studying similar problems in the future. Moreover, the oscillatory boundary curves obtained are all critical conditions between the stable state and beta frequency oscillation. The method is also suitable for depicting other common frequency bands during brain oscillations, such as the alpha band (8-12 Hz), theta band (4-7 Hz) and delta band (1-3 Hz). Thus, the results of this work are expected to help us better understand the onset mechanism of parkinson's oscillations and can inspire related experimental research in this field.
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21
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Hu B, Diao X, Guo H, Deng S, Shi Y, Deng Y, Zong L. The beta oscillation conditions in a simplified basal ganglia network. Cogn Neurodyn 2019; 13:201-217. [PMID: 30956724 PMCID: PMC6426900 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-018-9514-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a type of motor dysfunction disease that is induced mainly by abnormal interactions between the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and globus pallidus (GP) neurons. Periodic oscillatory activities with frequencies of 13-30 Hz are the main physiological characteristics of Parkinson's disease. In this paper, we built a class of STN-GP networks to explore beta oscillation conditions. A theoretical formula was obtained for generating oscillations without internal GP connections. Based on this formula, we studied the effects of cortex inputs, striatum inputs, coupling weights and delays on oscillation conditions, and the theoretical results are in good agreement with the numerical results. The onset mechanism can be explained by the model, and the internal GP connection has little effect on oscillations. Finally, we compared oscillation conditions with those in previous studies and found that the delays and coupling weights required for generating oscillations may decrease as the number of nuclei increases. We hope that the results obtained will inspire future theoretical and experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Hu
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023 China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Xiyezi Diao
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Heng Guo
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Shasha Deng
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Yuqi Deng
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Liqing Zong
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
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22
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Update on the clinical application of deep brain stimulation in sleep dysfunction of Parkinson's disease. Acta Neurol Belg 2018; 118:351-359. [PMID: 29987555 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-018-0971-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sleep dysfunctions, including rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, sleep fragmentation, excessive daytime sleepiness and various other dysfunctions, can seriously affect quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Emerging evidence suggests that deep brain stimulation (DBS) exerts a substantial effect when used to treat sleep dysfunctions, which are common nonmotor symptoms experienced by patients with PD. However, far less is known about the specific mechanisms underlying the effects of DBS on sleep processes and the factors that potentially influence these effects. These issues therefore need to be further clarified. Intriguingly, a number of recent studies have evaluated the effects of applying DBS to various brain targets on sleep in patients with PD. Deeper research into the efficacy of applying DBS to each brain target may help determine which region should be targeted during surgery in PD patients. Furthermore, compared with pharmacological therapy, DBS had more beneficial effects on sleep symptoms, and appropriate management involving the joint application of dopamine replacement therapy and DBS might accelerate the effects of treatment. Here, we review the potential roles DBS may play and provide clinical guidance for the use of DBS in treating sleep dysfunctions in PD patients.
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Caiola M, Holmes MH. Model and Analysis for the Onset of Parkinsonian Firing Patterns in a Simplified Basal Ganglia. Int J Neural Syst 2018; 29:1850021. [PMID: 29886807 DOI: 10.1142/s0129065718500211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a degenerative neurological disease that disrupts the movement cycle in the basal ganglia. As the disease progresses, dopamine depletion leads to changes to how the basal ganglia functions as well as the appearance of abnormal beta oscillations. There is much debate on just exactly how these connection strengths change and just how the oscillations emerge. One leading hypothesis claims that the oscillations develop in the globus pallidus external, subthalamic nucleus, and globus pallidus internal loop. We introduce a mathematical model that calculates the average firing rates of this loop while still accounting for the larger closed loop of the entire basal ganglia system. This model is constructed such that physiologically realistic results can be obtained while not sacrificing the use of analytic methods. Because of this, it is possible to determine how the change in the connection strengths can drive the necessary changes in firing rates seen in recordings and account for the generation of trademark beta oscillations of PD without relying on highly specific time delays, stochastic approaches, or numerical approximations. Additionally, we find that the entire cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop is essential for abnormal oscillations to originate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Caiola
- 1 Department of Mathematical Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110, 8th Street, Troy, New York 12180, USA
| | - Mark H Holmes
- 1 Department of Mathematical Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110, 8th Street, Troy, New York 12180, USA
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24
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Hu B, Shi Q, Guo Y, Diao X, Guo H, Zhang J, Yu L, Dai H, Chen L. The oscillatory boundary conditions of different frequency bands in Parkinson's disease. J Theor Biol 2018; 451:67-79. [PMID: 29727632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is common in the elderly population. The most important pathological change in PD is the degeneration and death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the midbrain, which results in a decrease in the dopamine (DA) content of the striatum. The exact cause of this pathological change is still unknown. Numerous studies have shown that the evolution of PD is associated with abnormal oscillatory activities in the basal ganglia, with different oscillation frequency ranges, such as the typical beta band (13-30 Hz), the alpha band (8-12 Hz), the theta band (4-7 Hz) and the delta band (1-3 Hz). Although some studies have implied that abnormal interactions between the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and globus pallidus (GP) neurons may be a key factor required to induce these oscillations, the relative mechanism is still unclear. The effects of other nerve nuclei in the basal ganglia, such as the striatum, on these oscillations are still unknown. The thalamus and cortex both have close input and output relationships with the basal ganglia, and many previous studies have indicated that they may also exert effects on Parkinson's disease oscillation, but the mechanisms involved are unclear. In this paper, we built a corticothalamic-basal ganglia (CTBG) mean firing-rate model to explore the onset mechanisms of these different oscillation phenomena. We found that, in addition to the STN-GP network, Parkinson's disease oscillations may also be induced by changing the coupling strength and delays in other pathways. Different frequency bands appear in the oscillating region, and various boundary conditions are depicted in parameter diagrams. The onset mechanism is well explained both by the model and by the numerical simulation results. Therefore, this model provides a unifying framework for studying the mechanism of Parkinson's disease oscillations, and we hope that the results obtained in this work can inspire future experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Hu
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Qianqian Shi
- College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiyezi Diao
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Heng Guo
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Liang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hao Dai
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Luonan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
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25
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Iwamuro H, Tachibana Y, Ugawa Y, Saito N, Nambu A. Information processing from the motor cortices to the subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus and their somatotopic organizations revealed electrophysiologically in monkeys. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 46:2684-2701. [PMID: 29044874 PMCID: PMC5725726 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To understand how the information derived from different motor cortical areas representing different body parts is organized in the basal ganglia, we examined the neuronal responses in the subthalamic nucleus (STN), and the external (GPe) and internal (GPi) segments of the globus pallidus (input, relay and output nuclei, respectively) to stimulation of the orofacial, forelimb and hindlimb regions of the primary motor cortex (MI) and supplementary motor area (SMA) in macaque monkeys under the awake state. Most STN and GPe/GPi neurons responded exclusively to stimulation of either the MI or SMA, and one‐fourth to one‐third of neurons responded to both. STN neurons responding to the hindlimb, forelimb and orofacial regions of the MI were located along the medial–lateral axis in the posterolateral STN, while neurons responding to the orofacial region of the SMA were located more medially than the others in the anteromedial STN. GPe/GPi neurons responding to the hindlimb, forelimb and orofacial regions of the MI were found along the dorsal–ventral axis in the posterolateral GPe/GPi, and neurons responding to the corresponding regions of the SMA were similarly but less clearly distributed in more anteromedial regions. Moreover, neurons responding to the distal and proximal forelimb MI regions were found along the lateral–medial axis in the STN and the ventral–dorsal axis in the GPe/GPi. Most STN and GPe/GPi neurons showed kinaesthetic responses with similar somatotopic maps. These observations suggest that the somatotopically organized inputs from the MI and SMA are well preserved in the STN and GPe/GPi with partial convergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Iwamuro
- Division of System Neurophysiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences and Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Research and Therapeutics for Movement Disorders, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Tachibana
- Division of System Neurophysiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences and Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.,Division of System Neuroscience, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ugawa
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University and Fukushima Global Medical Science Center, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nambu
- Division of System Neurophysiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences and Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
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26
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Nakajima A, Shimo Y, Uka T, Hattori N. Subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus interna influence firing of tonically active neurons in the primate striatum through different mechanisms. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 46:2662-2673. [PMID: 28949036 PMCID: PMC5765455 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Both the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the globus pallidus pars interna (GPi) are major targets for neuromodulation therapy for movement disorders. An example of such a therapy is deep brain stimulation (DBS). The striatum is the primary target for pharmacological treatment of these disorders. To further our understanding of both the functional relationships among motor nuclei and the mechanisms of therapies for movement disorders, it is important to clarify how changing the neuronal activity of one target, either by medication or by artificial electrical stimulation, affects the other connected nuclei. To investigate this point, we recorded single-unit activity from tonically active neurons (TANs), which are putative cholinergic interneurons in the striatum, of healthy monkeys (Macaca fuscata) during electrical stimulation of the STN or GPi. Both STN stimulation and GPi stimulation reduced the TAN spike rate. Local infusion of a D2 receptor antagonist in the striatum blocked the reduction in spike rate induced by STN stimulation but not that induced by GPi stimulation. Further, STN stimulation induced phasic dopamine release in the striatum as revealed by in vivo fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. These results suggest the presence of multiple, strong functional relationships among the STN, GPi, and striatum that have different pathways and imply distinct therapeutic mechanisms for STN- and GPi-DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Nakajima
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shimo
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Research and Therapeutics for Movement Disorders, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Uka
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Evidence for a task-dependent switch in subthalamo-nigral basal ganglia signaling. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1039. [PMID: 29051496 PMCID: PMC5715140 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Basal ganglia (BG) can either facilitate or inhibit movement through excitatory and inhibitory pathways; however whether these opposing signals are dynamically regulated during healthy behavior is not known. Here, we present compelling neurophysiological evidence from three complimentary experiments in non-human primates, indicating task-specific changes in tonic BG pathway weightings during saccade behavior with different cognitive demands. First, simultaneous local field potential recording in the subthalamic nucleus (STN; BG input) and substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr; BG output) reveals task-dependent shifts in subthalamo-nigral signals. Second, unilateral electrical stimulation of the STN, SNr, and caudate nucleus results in strikingly different saccade directionality and latency biases across the BG. Third, a simple artificial neural network representing canonical BG signaling pathways suggests that pathway weightings can be altered by cortico-BG input activation. Overall, inhibitory pathways (striato-pallidal-subthalamo-nigral) dominate during goal-driven behavior with instructed rewards, while facilitatory pathways (striato-nigral and subthalamo-pallidal-nigral) dominate during unconstrained (free reward) conditions. Basal ganglia can both facilitate or inhibit movement through excitatory and inhibitory pathways; however whether these opposing signals are dynamically regulated during behavior is not known. Here the authors use multinucleus LFP recordings and electrical microstimulation in monkeys performing saccade based tasks to show task specific changes in the tonic weighting of these pathways.
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28
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Sanjari Moghaddam H, Zare-Shahabadi A, Rahmani F, Rezaei N. Neurotransmission systems in Parkinson’s disease. Rev Neurosci 2017; 28:509-536. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2016-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is histologically characterized by the accumulation of α-synuclein particles, known as Lewy bodies. The second most common neurodegenerative disorder, PD is widely known because of the typical motor manifestations of active tremor, rigidity, and postural instability, while several prodromal non-motor symptoms including REM sleep behavior disorders, depression, autonomic disturbances, and cognitive decline are being more extensively recognized. Motor symptoms most commonly arise from synucleinopathy of nigrostriatal pathway. Glutamatergic, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic, cholinergic, serotoninergic, and endocannabinoid neurotransmission systems are not spared from the global cerebral neurodegenerative assault. Wide intrabasal and extrabasal of the basal ganglia provide enough justification to evaluate network circuits disturbance of these neurotransmission systems in PD. In this comprehensive review, English literature in PubMed, Science direct, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were perused. Characteristics of dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic systems, disturbance of these neurotransmitter systems in the pathophysiology of PD, and their treatment applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Sanjari Moghaddam
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran 14194, Iran
- NeuroImmunology Research Association (NIRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 1419783151, Iran
- Student Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Zare-Shahabadi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran 14194, Iran
- NeuroImmunology Research Association (NIRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 1419783151, Iran
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Rahmani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran 14194, Iran
- NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran 14194, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1419783151, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Boston, MA, USA
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29
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Blenkinsop A, Anderson S, Gurney K. Frequency and function in the basal ganglia: the origins of beta and gamma band activity. J Physiol 2017; 595:4525-4548. [PMID: 28334424 DOI: 10.1113/jp273760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Neuronal oscillations in the basal ganglia have been observed to correlate with behaviours, although the causal mechanisms and functional significance of these oscillations remain unknown. We present a novel computational model of the healthy basal ganglia, constrained by single unit recordings from non-human primates. When the model is run using inputs that might be expected during performance of a motor task, the network shows emergent phenomena: it functions as a selection mechanism and shows spectral properties that match those seen in vivo. Beta frequency oscillations are shown to require pallido-striatal feedback, and occur with behaviourally relevant cortical input. Gamma oscillations arise in the subthalamic-globus pallidus feedback loop, and occur during movement. The model provides a coherent framework for the study of spectral, temporal and functional analyses of the basal ganglia and lays the foundation for an integrated approach to study basal ganglia pathologies such as Parkinson's disease in silico. ABSTRACT Neural oscillations in the basal ganglia (BG) are well studied yet remain poorly understood. Behavioural correlates of spectral activity are well described, yet a quantitative hypothesis linking time domain dynamics and spectral properties to BG function has been lacking. We show, for the first time, that a unified description is possible by interpreting previously ignored structure in data describing globus pallidus interna responses to cortical stimulation. These data were used to expose a pair of distinctive neuronal responses to the stimulation. This observation formed the basis for a new mathematical model of the BG, quantitatively fitted to the data, which describes the dynamics in the data, and is validated against other stimulus protocol experiments. A key new result is that when the model is run using inputs hypothesised to occur during the performance of a motor task, beta and gamma frequency oscillations emerge naturally during static-force and movement, respectively, consistent with experimental local field potentials. This new model predicts that the pallido-striatum connection has a key role in the generation of beta band activity, and that the gamma band activity associated with motor task performance has its origins in the pallido-subthalamic feedback loop. The network's functionality as a selection mechanism also occurs as an emergent property, and closer fits to the data gave better selection properties. The model provides a coherent framework for the study of spectral, temporal and functional analyses of the BG and therefore lays the foundation for an integrated approach to study BG pathologies such as Parkinson's disease in silico.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean Anderson
- Automatic Control & Systems Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Kevin Gurney
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TP, UK
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30
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Lee KH, Lujan JL, Trevathan JK, Ross EK, Bartoletta JJ, Park HO, Paek SB, Nicolai EN, Lee JH, Min HK, Kimble CJ, Blaha CD, Bennet KE. WINCS Harmoni: Closed-loop dynamic neurochemical control of therapeutic interventions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46675. [PMID: 28452348 PMCID: PMC5408229 DOI: 10.1038/srep46675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been significant progress in understanding the role of neurotransmitters in normal and pathologic brain function. However, preclinical trials aimed at improving therapeutic interventions do not take advantage of real-time in vivo neurochemical changes in dynamic brain processes such as disease progression and response to pharmacologic, cognitive, behavioral, and neuromodulation therapies. This is due in part to a lack of flexible research tools that allow in vivo measurement of the dynamic changes in brain chemistry. Here, we present a research platform, WINCS Harmoni, which can measure in vivo neurochemical activity simultaneously across multiple anatomical targets to study normal and pathologic brain function. In addition, WINCS Harmoni can provide real-time neurochemical feedback for closed-loop control of neurochemical levels via its synchronized stimulation and neurochemical sensing capabilities. We demonstrate these and other key features of this platform in non-human primate, swine, and rodent models of deep brain stimulation (DBS). Ultimately, systems like the one described here will improve our understanding of the dynamics of brain physiology in the context of neurologic disease and therapeutic interventions, which may lead to the development of precision medicine and personalized therapies for optimal therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall H. Lee
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
| | - J. Luis Lujan
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
| | - James K. Trevathan
- Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
| | - Erika K. Ross
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
| | - John J. Bartoletta
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
| | - Hyung Ook Park
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
| | - Seungleal Brian Paek
- Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
| | - Evan N. Nicolai
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
| | - Jannifer H. Lee
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
| | - Hoon-Ki Min
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
| | | | - Charles D. Blaha
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
| | - Kevin E. Bennet
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
- Division of Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
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31
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Shouno O, Tachibana Y, Nambu A, Doya K. Computational Model of Recurrent Subthalamo-Pallidal Circuit for Generation of Parkinsonian Oscillations. Front Neuroanat 2017; 11:21. [PMID: 28377699 PMCID: PMC5359256 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2017.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a movement disorder caused by dopamine depletion in the basal ganglia. Abnormally synchronized neuronal oscillations between 8 and 15 Hz in the basal ganglia are implicated in motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. However, how these abnormal oscillations are generated and maintained in the dopamine-depleted state is unknown. Based on neural recordings in a primate model of Parkinson's disease and other experimental and computational evidence, we hypothesized that the recurrent circuit between the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the external segment of the globus pallidus (GPe) generates and maintains parkinsonian oscillations, and that the cortical excitatory input to the STN amplifies them. To investigate this hypothesis through computer simulations, we developed a spiking neuron model of the STN-GPe circuit by incorporating electrophysiological properties of neurons and synapses. A systematic parameter search by computer simulation identified regions in the space of the intrinsic excitability of GPe neurons and synaptic strength from the GPe to the STN that reproduce normal and parkinsonian states. In the parkinsonian state, reduced firing of GPe neurons and increased GPe-STN inhibition trigger burst activities of STN neurons with strong post-inhibitory rebound excitation, which is usually subject to short-term depression. STN neuronal bursts are shaped into the 8–15 Hz, synchronous oscillations via recurrent interactions of STN and GPe neurons. Furthermore, we show that cortical excitatory input to the STN can amplify or suppress pathological STN oscillations depending on their phase and strength, predicting conditions of cortical inputs to the STN for suppressing oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Shouno
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate UniversityOkinawa, Japan; Honda Research Institute Japan Co., Ltd.Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Tachibana
- Division of System Neurophysiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Graduate University for Advanced Studies Aichi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nambu
- Division of System Neurophysiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Graduate University for Advanced Studies Aichi, Japan
| | - Kenji Doya
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Okinawa, Japan
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32
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Field evoked potentials in the globus pallidus of non-human primates. Neurosci Res 2017; 120:18-27. [PMID: 28159649 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Stimulation-induced field evoked potentials (fEPs) have been described in the basal ganglia output nuclei of patients with Parkinson's disease and dystonia. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether fEPs were inducible in the external (GPe) and internal (GPi) segments of the globus pallidus in normal non-human primates (NHPs). Microelectrode recording and stimulation was performed in the GPe and GPi of 2 healthy NHPs. Stimulus response curves of the fEP response to changing pulse width and amplitude examined strength-duration relationships and allowed for calculation of fEP chronaxie in the GPe and GPi. Traditional localization techniques were also used, including comparison of neuronal firing rates, optic tract activation, and internal capsule activation. Notable differences were seen in the fEPs found in GPe compared to the fEPs found in GPi. The GPe fEP had a smaller chronaxie time and larger positive deflection amplitude compared to GPi. In addition, an earlier negative deflection was identified in both nuclei and a late negative deflection was observed in the GPe in contrast to reported fEPs in patients with movement disorders. fEPs proved valuable as an ancillary method in localizing the GPe and GPi in NHPs and may be useful in the operating room during human GPi deep brain stimulation or pallidotomy procedures.
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33
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Liu F, Wang J, Liu C, Li H, Deng B, Fietkiewicz C, Loparo KA. A neural mass model of basal ganglia nuclei simulates pathological beta rhythm in Parkinson's disease. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2016; 26:123113. [PMID: 28039987 DOI: 10.1063/1.4972200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
An increase in beta oscillations within the basal ganglia nuclei has been shown to be associated with movement disorder, such as Parkinson's disease. The motor cortex and an excitatory-inhibitory neuronal network composed of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the external globus pallidus (GPe) are thought to play an important role in the generation of these oscillations. In this paper, we propose a neuron mass model of the basal ganglia on the population level that reproduces the Parkinsonian oscillations in a reciprocal excitatory-inhibitory network. Moreover, it is shown that the generation and frequency of these pathological beta oscillations are varied by the coupling strength and the intrinsic characteristics of the basal ganglia. Simulation results reveal that increase of the coupling strength induces the generation of the beta oscillation, as well as enhances the oscillation frequency. However, for the intrinsic properties of each nucleus in the excitatory-inhibitory network, the STN primarily influences the generation of the beta oscillation while the GPe mainly determines its frequency. Interestingly, describing function analysis applied on this model theoretically explains the mechanism of pathological beta oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Liu
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China
| | - Huiyan Li
- School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology and Educations, 300222 Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Deng
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China
| | - Chris Fietkiewicz
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Kenneth A Loparo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Plantinga BR, Roebroeck A, Kemper VG, Uludağ K, Melse M, Mai J, Kuijf ML, Herrler A, Jahanshahi A, Ter Haar Romeny BM, Temel Y. Ultra-High Field MRI Post Mortem Structural Connectivity of the Human Subthalamic Nucleus, Substantia Nigra, and Globus Pallidus. Front Neuroanat 2016; 10:66. [PMID: 27378864 PMCID: PMC4909758 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2016.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra, and globus pallidus, three nuclei of the human basal ganglia, play an important role in motor, associative, and limbic processing. The network of the basal ganglia is generally characterized by a direct, indirect, and hyperdirect pathway. This study aims to investigate the mesoscopic nature of these connections between the subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra, and globus pallidus and their surrounding structures. Methods: A human post mortem brain specimen including the substantia nigra, subthalamic nucleus, and globus pallidus was scanned on a 7 T MRI scanner. High resolution diffusion weighted images were used to reconstruct the fibers intersecting the substantia nigra, subthalamic nucleus, and globus pallidus. The course and density of these tracks was analyzed. Results: Most of the commonly established projections of the subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra, and globus pallidus were successfully reconstructed. However, some of the reconstructed fiber tracks such as the connections of the substantia nigra pars compacta to the other included nuclei and the connections with the anterior commissure have not been shown previously. In addition, the quantitative tractography approach showed a typical degree of connectivity previously not documented. An example is the relatively larger projections of the subthalamic nucleus to the substantia nigra pars reticulata when compared to the projections to the globus pallidus internus. Discussion: This study shows that ultra-high field post mortem tractography allows for detailed 3D reconstruction of the projections of deep brain structures in humans. Although the results should be interpreted carefully, the newly identified connections contribute to our understanding of the basal ganglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit R Plantinga
- Department of Biomedical Image Analysis, Eindhoven University of TechnologyEindhoven, Netherlands; Department of Translational Neuroscience, Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, Netherlands
| | - Alard Roebroeck
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Valentin G Kemper
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Kâmil Uludağ
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Maartje Melse
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Mai
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mark L Kuijf
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Andreas Herrler
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ali Jahanshahi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Bart M Ter Haar Romeny
- Department of Biomedical Image Analysis, Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Yasin Temel
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical CenterMaastricht, Netherlands
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Zhao Z, Gong R, Huang H, Wang J. Design, Fabrication, Simulation and Characterization of a Novel Dual-Sided Microelectrode Array for Deep Brain Recording and Stimulation. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16060880. [PMID: 27314356 PMCID: PMC4934306 DOI: 10.3390/s16060880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a novel dual-sided microelectrode array is specially designed and fabricated for a rat Parkinson’s disease (PD) model to study the mechanisms of deep brain stimulation (DBS). The fabricated microelectrode array can stimulate the subthalamic nucleus and simultaneously record electrophysiological information from multiple nuclei of the basal ganglia system. The fabricated microelectrode array has a long shaft of 9 mm and each planar surface is equipped with three stimulating sites (diameter of 100 μm), seven electrophysiological recording sites (diameter of 20 μm) and four sites with diameter of 50 μm used for neurotransmitter measurements in future work. The performances of the fabricated microelectrode array were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry. In addition, the stimulating effects of the fabricated microelectrode were evaluated by finite element modeling (FEM). Preliminary animal experiments demonstrated that the designed microelectrode arrays can record spontaneous discharge signals from the striatum, the subthalamic nucleus and the globus pallidus interna. The designed and fabricated microelectrode arrays provide a powerful research tool for studying the mechanisms of DBS in rat PD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongya Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices, Xi'an Jiaotong University Branch, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Ruxue Gong
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices, Xi'an Jiaotong University Branch, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Hongen Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices, Xi'an Jiaotong University Branch, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Jue Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices, Xi'an Jiaotong University Branch, Xi'an 710049, China.
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Qiu MH, Chen MC, Wu J, Nelson D, Lu J. Deep brain stimulation in the globus pallidus externa promotes sleep. Neuroscience 2016; 322:115-20. [PMID: 26917269 PMCID: PMC5007949 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The basal ganglia, a network of subcortical structures, play a critical role in movements, sleep and mental behavior. Basal ganglia disorders such as Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease affect sleep. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) to treat motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease can ameliorate sleep disturbances. Our series of previous studies lead the hypothesis that dopamine, acting on D2 receptors on the striatopallidal terminals, enhances activity in the globus pallidus externa (GPe) and promotes sleep. Here, we tested if DBS in the GPe promotes sleep in rats. We found that unilateral DBS (180 Hz at 100 μA) in the GPe in rats significantly increased both non-rapid eye movement and rapid eye movement sleep compared to sham DBS stimulation. The EEG power spectrum of sleep induced by DBS was similar to that of the baseline sleep, and sleep latency was not affected by DBS. The GPe is potentially a better site for DBS to treat both insomnia and motor disorders caused by basal ganglia dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - M C Chen
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - J Wu
- Neuromodulation Research, Medtronic Inc, Minneapolis, MN 55432, USA
| | - D Nelson
- Neuromodulation Research, Medtronic Inc, Minneapolis, MN 55432, USA
| | - J Lu
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Pavlides A, Hogan SJ, Bogacz R. Computational Models Describing Possible Mechanisms for Generation of Excessive Beta Oscillations in Parkinson's Disease. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1004609. [PMID: 26683341 PMCID: PMC4684204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease, an increase in beta oscillations within the basal ganglia nuclei has been shown to be associated with difficulty in movement initiation. An important role in the generation of these oscillations is thought to be played by the motor cortex and by a network composed of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the external segment of globus pallidus (GPe). Several alternative models have been proposed to describe the mechanisms for generation of the Parkinsonian beta oscillations. However, a recent experimental study of Tachibana and colleagues yielded results which are challenging for all published computational models of beta generation. That study investigated how the presence of beta oscillations in a primate model of Parkinson's disease is affected by blocking different connections of the STN-GPe circuit. Due to a large number of experimental conditions, the study provides strong constraints that any mechanistic model of beta generation should satisfy. In this paper we present two models consistent with the data of Tachibana et al. The first model assumes that Parkinsonian beta oscillation are generated in the cortex and the STN-GPe circuits resonates at this frequency. The second model additionally assumes that the feedback from STN-GPe circuit to cortex is important for maintaining the oscillations in the network. Predictions are made about experimental evidence that is required to differentiate between the two models, both of which are able to reproduce firing rates, oscillation frequency and effects of lesions carried out by Tachibana and colleagues. Furthermore, an analysis of the models reveals how the amplitude and frequency of the generated oscillations depend on parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Pavlides
- MRC Unit for Brain Network Dynamics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - S. John Hogan
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Rafal Bogacz
- MRC Unit for Brain Network Dynamics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Udupa K, Chen R. The mechanisms of action of deep brain stimulation and ideas for the future development. Prog Neurobiol 2015; 133:27-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Vadalà M, Vallelunga A, Palmieri L, Palmieri B, Morales-Medina JC, Iannitti T. Mechanisms and therapeutic applications of electromagnetic therapy in Parkinson's disease. BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN FUNCTIONS : BBF 2015; 11:26. [PMID: 26347217 PMCID: PMC4562205 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-015-0070-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Electromagnetic therapy is a non-invasive and safe approach for the management of several pathological conditions including neurodegenerative diseases. Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative pathology caused by abnormal degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra pars compacta in the midbrain resulting in damage to the basal ganglia. Electromagnetic therapy has been extensively used in the clinical setting in the form of transcranial magnetic stimulation, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, high-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation and pulsed electromagnetic field therapy which can also be used in the domestic setting. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms and therapeutic applications of electromagnetic therapy to alleviate motor and non-motor deficits that characterize Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vadalà
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, Surgical Clinic, Modena, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Vallelunga
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Lucia Palmieri
- Department of Nephrology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, Surgical Clinic, Modena, Italy.
| | - Beniamino Palmieri
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, Surgical Clinic, Modena, Italy.
| | - Julio Cesar Morales-Medina
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV-Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico.
| | - Tommaso Iannitti
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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Coinciding decreases in discharge rate suggest that spontaneous pauses in firing of external pallidum neurons are network driven. J Neurosci 2015; 35:6744-51. [PMID: 25926452 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5232-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The external segment of the globus pallidus (GPe) is one of the core nuclei of the basal ganglia, playing a major role in normal control of behavior and in the pathophysiology of basal ganglia-related disorders such as Parkinson's disease. In vivo, most neurons in the GPe are characterized by high firing rates (50-100 spikes/s), interspersed with long periods (∼0.6 s) of complete silence, which are termed GPe pauses. Previous physiological studies of single and pairs of GPe neurons have failed to fully disclose the physiological process by which these pauses originate. We examined 1001 simultaneously recorded pairs of high-frequency discharge GPe cells recorded from four monkeys during task-irrelevant periods, considering the activity in one cell while the other is pausing. We found that pauses (n = 137,278 pauses) coincide with a small yet significant reduction in firing rate (0.78 ± 0.136 spikes/s) in other GPe cells. Additionally, we found an increase in the probability of the simultaneously recorded cell to pause during the pause period of the "trigger" cell. Importantly, this increase in the probability to pause at the same time does not account for the reduction in firing rate by itself. Modeling of GPe cells as class 2 excitability neurons (Hodgkin, 1948) with common external inputs can explain our results. We suggest that common inputs decrease the GPe discharge rate and lead to a bifurcation phenomenon (pause) in some of the GPe neurons.
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41
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Agnesi F, Muralidharan A, Baker KB, Vitek JL, Johnson MD. Fidelity of frequency and phase entrainment of circuit-level spike activity during DBS. J Neurophysiol 2015; 114:825-34. [PMID: 26084905 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00259.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High-frequency stimulation is known to entrain spike activity downstream and upstream of several clinical deep brain stimulation (DBS) targets, including the cerebellar-receiving area of thalamus (VPLo), subthalamic nucleus (STN), and globus pallidus (GP). Less understood are the fidelity of entrainment to each stimulus pulse, whether entrainment patterns are stationary over time, and how responses differ among DBS targets. In this study, three rhesus macaques were implanted with a single DBS lead in VPLo, STN, or GP. Single-unit spike activity was recorded in the resting state in motor cortex during VPLo DBS, in GP during STN DBS, and in STN and pallidal-receiving area of motor thalamus (VLo) during GP DBS. VPLo DBS induced time-locked spike activity in 25% (n = 15/61) of motor cortex cells, with entrained cells following 7.5 ± 7.4% of delivered pulses. STN DBS entrained spike activity in 26% (n = 8/27) of GP cells, which yielded time-locked spike activity for 8.7 ± 8.4% of stimulus pulses. GP DBS entrained 67% (n = 14/21) of STN cells and 32% (n = 19/59) of VLo cells, which showed a higher fraction of pulses effectively inhibiting spike activity (82.0 ± 9.6% and 86.1 ± 16.6%, respectively). Latency of phase-locked spike activity increased over time in motor cortex (58%, VPLo DBS) and to a lesser extent in GP (25%, STN DBS). In contrast, the initial inhibitory phase observed in VLo and STN during GP DBS remained stable following stimulation onset. Together, these data suggest that circuit-level entrainment is low-pass filtered during high-frequency stimulation, most notably for glutamatergic pathways. Moreover, phase entrainment is not stationary or consistent at the circuit level for all DBS targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Agnesi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Kenneth B Baker
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jerrold L Vitek
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Matthew D Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Liénard J, Girard B. A biologically constrained model of the whole basal ganglia addressing the paradoxes of connections and selection. J Comput Neurosci 2014; 36:445-68. [PMID: 24077957 DOI: 10.1007/s10827-013-0476-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The basal ganglia nuclei form a complex network of nuclei often assumed to perform selection, yet their individual roles and how they influence each other is still largely unclear. In particular, the ties between the external and internal parts of the globus pallidus are paradoxical, as anatomical data suggest a potent inhibitory projection between them while electrophysiological recordings indicate that they have similar activities. Here we introduce a theoretical study that reconciles both views on the intra-pallidal projection, by providing a plausible characterization of the relationship between the external and internal globus pallidus. Specifically, we developed a mean-field model of the whole basal ganglia, whose parameterization is optimized to respect best a collection of numerous anatomical and electrophysiological data. We first obtained models respecting all our constraints, hence anatomical and electrophysiological data on the intrapallidal projection are globally consistent. This model furthermore predicts that both aforementioned views about the intra-pallidal projection may be reconciled when this projection is weakly inhibitory, thus making it possible to support similar neural activity in both nuclei and for the entire basal ganglia to select between actions. Second, we predicts that afferent projections are substantially unbalanced towards the external segment, as it receives the strongest excitation from STN and the weakest inhibition from the striatum. Finally, our study strongly suggests that the intrapallidal connection pattern is not focused but diffuse, as this latter pattern is more efficient for the overall selection performed in the basal ganglia.
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Ebert M, Hauptmann C, Tass PA. Coordinated reset stimulation in a large-scale model of the STN-GPe circuit. Front Comput Neurosci 2014; 8:154. [PMID: 25505882 PMCID: PMC4245901 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2014.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Synchronization of populations of neurons is a hallmark of several brain diseases. Coordinated reset (CR) stimulation is a model-based stimulation technique which specifically counteracts abnormal synchrony by desynchronization. Electrical CR stimulation, e.g., for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), is administered via depth electrodes. In order to get a deeper understanding of this technique, we extended the top-down approach of previous studies and constructed a large-scale computational model of the respective brain areas. Furthermore, we took into account the spatial anatomical properties of the simulated brain structures and incorporated a detailed numerical representation of 2 · 104 simulated neurons. We simulated the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the globus pallidus externus (GPe). Connections within the STN were governed by spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP). In this way, we modeled the physiological and pathological activity of the considered brain structures. In particular, we investigated how plasticity could be exploited and how the model could be shifted from strongly synchronized (pathological) activity to strongly desynchronized (healthy) activity of the neuronal populations via CR stimulation of the STN neurons. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of specific stimulation parameters especially the electrode position on the stimulation outcome. Our model provides a step forward toward a biophysically realistic model of the brain areas relevant to the emergence of pathological neuronal activity in PD. Furthermore, our model constitutes a test bench for the optimization of both stimulation parameters and novel electrode geometries for efficient CR stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ebert
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine - Neuromodulation, Juelich Research Center GmbH Juelich, Germany ; Department of Physics, Institute of Nuclear Physics, University of Cologne Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Hauptmann
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine - Neuromodulation, Juelich Research Center GmbH Juelich, Germany
| | - Peter A Tass
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine - Neuromodulation, Juelich Research Center GmbH Juelich, Germany ; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Stanford, CA, USA ; Department of Neuromodulation, University of Cologne Cologne, Germany
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Grahn PJ, Mallory GW, Khurram OU, Berry BM, Hachmann JT, Bieber AJ, Bennet KE, Min HK, Chang SY, Lee KH, Lujan JL. A neurochemical closed-loop controller for deep brain stimulation: toward individualized smart neuromodulation therapies. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:169. [PMID: 25009455 PMCID: PMC4070176 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Current strategies for optimizing deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy involve multiple postoperative visits. During each visit, stimulation parameters are adjusted until desired therapeutic effects are achieved and adverse effects are minimized. However, the efficacy of these therapeutic parameters may decline with time due at least in part to disease progression, interactions between the host environment and the electrode, and lead migration. As such, development of closed-loop control systems that can respond to changing neurochemical environments, tailoring DBS therapy to individual patients, is paramount for improving the therapeutic efficacy of DBS. Evidence obtained using electrophysiology and imaging techniques in both animals and humans suggests that DBS works by modulating neural network activity. Recently, animal studies have shown that stimulation-evoked changes in neurotransmitter release that mirror normal physiology are associated with the therapeutic benefits of DBS. Therefore, to fully understand the neurophysiology of DBS and optimize its efficacy, it may be necessary to look beyond conventional electrophysiological analyses and characterize the neurochemical effects of therapeutic and non-therapeutic stimulation. By combining electrochemical monitoring and mathematical modeling techniques, we can potentially replace the trial-and-error process used in clinical programming with deterministic approaches that help attain optimal and stable neurochemical profiles. In this manuscript, we summarize the current understanding of electrophysiological and electrochemical processing for control of neuromodulation therapies. Additionally, we describe a proof-of-principle closed-loop controller that characterizes DBS-evoked dopamine changes to adjust stimulation parameters in a rodent model of DBS. The work described herein represents the initial steps toward achieving a “smart” neuroprosthetic system for treatment of neurologic and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Grahn
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Grant W Mallory
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Obaid U Khurram
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA
| | - B Michael Berry
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jan T Hachmann
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Allan J Bieber
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA ; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kevin E Bennet
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA ; Division of Engineering, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hoon-Ki Min
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA ; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Su-Youne Chang
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kendall H Lee
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA ; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA
| | - J L Lujan
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA ; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA
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Albaugh DL, Shih YYI. Neural circuit modulation during deep brain stimulation at the subthalamic nucleus for Parkinson's disease: what have we learned from neuroimaging studies? Brain Connect 2014; 4:1-14. [PMID: 24147633 PMCID: PMC5349222 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2013.0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) targeting the subthalamic nucleus (STN) represents a powerful clinical tool for the alleviation of many motor symptoms that are associated with Parkinson's disease. Despite its extensive use, the underlying therapeutic mechanisms of STN-DBS remain poorly understood. In the present review, we integrate and discuss recent literature examining the network effects of STN-DBS for Parkinson's disease, placing emphasis on neuroimaging findings, including functional magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and single-photon emission computed tomography. These techniques enable the noninvasive detection of brain regions that are modulated by DBS on a whole-brain scale, representing a key experimental strength given the diffuse and far-reaching effects of electrical field stimulation. By examining these data in the context of multiple hypotheses of DBS action, generally developed through clinical and physiological observations, we define a multitude of consistencies and inconsistencies in the developing literature of this rapidly moving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Albaugh
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Curriculum in Neurobiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Yen-Yu Ian Shih
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Curriculum in Neurobiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Rosenbaum R, Zimnik A, Zheng F, Turner RS, Alzheimer C, Doiron B, Rubin JE. Axonal and synaptic failure suppress the transfer of firing rate oscillations, synchrony and information during high frequency deep brain stimulation. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 62:86-99. [PMID: 24051279 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High frequency deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a widely used treatment for Parkinson's disease, but its effects on neural activity in basal ganglia circuits are not fully understood. DBS increases the excitation of STN efferents yet decouples STN spiking patterns from the spiking patterns of STN synaptic targets. We propose that this apparent paradox is resolved by recent studies showing an increased rate of axonal and synaptic failures in STN projections during DBS. To investigate this hypothesis, we combine in vitro and in vivo recordings to derive a computational model of axonal and synaptic failure during DBS. Our model shows that these failures induce a short term depression that suppresses the synaptic transfer of firing rate oscillations, synchrony and rate-coded information from STN to its synaptic targets. In particular, our computational model reproduces the widely reported suppression of parkinsonian β oscillations and synchrony during DBS. Our results support the idea that short term depression is a therapeutic mechanism of STN DBS that works as a functional lesion by decoupling the somatic spiking patterns of STN neurons from spiking activity in basal ganglia output nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Rosenbaum
- Department of Mathematics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Andrew Zimnik
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Fang Zheng
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Robert S Turner
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christian Alzheimer
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Brent Doiron
- Department of Mathematics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan E Rubin
- Department of Mathematics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Lindahl M, Kamali Sarvestani I, Ekeberg Ö, Kotaleski JH. Signal enhancement in the output stage of the basal ganglia by synaptic short-term plasticity in the direct, indirect, and hyperdirect pathways. Front Comput Neurosci 2013; 7:76. [PMID: 23801960 PMCID: PMC3685803 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2013.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of the synapses in the basal ganglia display short-term plasticity. Still, computational models have not yet been used to investigate how this affects signaling. Here we use a model of the basal ganglia network, constrained by available data, to quantitatively investigate how synaptic short-term plasticity affects the substantia nigra reticulata (SNr), the basal ganglia output nucleus. We find that SNr becomes particularly responsive to the characteristic burst-like activity seen in both direct and indirect pathway striatal medium spiny neurons (MSN). As expected by the standard model, direct pathway MSNs are responsible for decreasing the activity in SNr. In particular, our simulations indicate that bursting in only a few percent of the direct pathway MSNs is sufficient for completely inhibiting SNr neuron activity. The standard model also suggests that SNr activity in the indirect pathway is controlled by MSNs disinhibiting the subthalamic nucleus (STN) via the globus pallidus externa (GPe). Our model rather indicates that SNr activity is controlled by the direct GPe-SNr projections. This is partly because GPe strongly inhibits SNr but also due to depressing STN-SNr synapses. Furthermore, depressing GPe-SNr synapses allow the system to become sensitive to irregularly firing GPe subpopulations, as seen in dopamine depleted conditions, even when the GPe mean firing rate does not change. Similar to the direct pathway, simulations indicate that only a few percent of bursting indirect pathway MSNs can significantly increase the activity in SNr. Finally, the model predicts depressing STN-SNr synapses, since such an assumption explains experiments showing that a brief transient activation of the hyperdirect pathway generates a tri-phasic response in SNr, while a sustained STN activation has minor effects. This can be explained if STN-SNr synapses are depressing such that their effects are counteracted by the (known) depressing GPe-SNr inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Lindahl
- Department of Computational Biology, School of Computer Science and Communication, KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm, Sweden
| | - Iman Kamali Sarvestani
- Department of Computational Biology, School of Computer Science and Communication, KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm, Sweden
| | - Örjan Ekeberg
- Department of Computational Biology, School of Computer Science and Communication, KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeanette Hellgren Kotaleski
- Department of Computational Biology, School of Computer Science and Communication, KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska InstituteStockholm, Sweden
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A common optimization principle for motor execution in healthy subjects and parkinsonian patients. J Neurosci 2013; 33:665-77. [PMID: 23303945 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1482-12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research on Parkinson's disease (PD) has emphasized that parkinsonian movement, although bradykinetic, shares many attributes with healthy behavior. This observation led to the suggestion that bradykinesia in PD could be due to a reduction in motor motivation. This hypothesis can be tested in the framework of optimal control theory, which accounts for many characteristics of healthy human movement while providing a link between the motor behavior and a cost/benefit trade-off. This approach offers the opportunity to interpret movement deficits of PD patients in the light of a computational theory of normal motor control. We studied 14 PD patients with bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation and 16 age-matched healthy controls, and tested whether reaching movements were governed by similar rules in these two groups. A single optimal control model accounted for the reaching movements of healthy subjects and PD patients, whatever the condition of STN stimulation (on or off). The choice of movement speed was explained in all subjects by the existence of a preset dynamic range for the motor signals. This range was idiosyncratic and applied to all movements regardless of their amplitude. In PD patients this dynamic range was abnormally narrow and correlated with bradykinesia. STN stimulation reduced bradykinesia and widened this range in all patients, but did not restore it to a normal value. These results, consistent with the motor motivation hypothesis, suggest that constrained optimization of motor effort is the main determinant of movement planning (choice of speed) and movement production, in both healthy and PD subjects.
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Koo MW, Kim YK, Ku KM, Park WW, Minn YK. Exofocal anterograde transsynaptic neuronal death in the globus pallidus: two case reports. J Clin Neurol 2012; 8:308-10. [PMID: 23323141 PMCID: PMC3540292 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2012.8.4.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exofocal neuronal death in the substantia nigra (SN) is a well-known form of anterograde transsynaptic cell death. Exofocal neuronal death could theoretically also occur in the globus pallidus (GP) after striatal injury. Case Report Case 1. A 70-year-old woman visited the emergency room because of decreased mentality. On admission, blood-gas analysis indicated that her oxygen tension was 69.1 mm Hg. The caudate nucleus, putamen, and temporooccipital cortex on both sides of the brain exhibited high-intensity diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signals. At 10 days after admission, new high-intensity signals had developed in the SN and GP on both sides. Case 2. A 48-year-old man visited the emergency room because of right-sided weakness. Lesions were noted in the left caudate nucleus and putamen. At 4 days after admission, newly developed high-intensity MRI signals were observed in the left SN and GP. Conclusions Exofocal neuronal death can occur in the GP as well as in the SN; these findings need to be clearly distinguished from those of recurrent ischemic injuries, such as recurrent stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Woo Koo
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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