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Bruce RA, Weber MA, Bova AS, Volkman RA, Jacobs CE, Sivakumar K, Stutt HR, Kim YC, Curtu R, Narayanan NS. Complementary opposing D2-MSNs and D1-MSNs dynamics during interval timing. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.07.25.550569. [PMID: 37546735 PMCID: PMC10402049 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.25.550569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of striatal pathways in cognitive processing is unclear. We studied dorsomedial striatal cognitive processing during interval timing, an elementary cognitive task that requires mice to estimate intervals of several seconds and involves working memory for temporal rules as well as attention to the passage of time. We harnessed optogenetic tagging to record from striatal D2-dopamine receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons (D2-MSNs) in the indirect pathway and from D1-dopamine receptor-expressing MSNs (D1-MSNs) in the direct pathway. We found that D2-MSNs and D1-MSNs exhibited distinct dynamics over temporal intervals as quantified by principal component analyses and trial-by-trial generalized linear models. MSN recordings helped construct and constrain a four-parameter drift-diffusion computational model. This model predicted that disrupting either D2-MSNs or D1-MSNs would increase interval timing response times and alter MSN firing. In line with this prediction, we found that optogenetic inhibition or pharmacological disruption of either D2-MSNs or D1-MSNs increased interval timing response times. Pharmacologically disrupting D2-MSNs or D1-MSNs also changed MSN dynamics and degraded trial-by-trial temporal decoding. Together, our findings demonstrate that D2-MSNs and D1-MSNs make complementary contributions to interval timing despite opposing dynamics, implying that striatal direct and indirect pathways work together to shape temporal control of action. These data provide novel insight into basal ganglia cognitive operations beyond movement and have implications for human striatal diseases and therapies targeting striatal pathways.
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Bezerra TO, Roque AC, Salum C. A Computational Model for the Simulation of Prepulse Inhibition and Its Modulation by Cortical and Subcortical Units. Brain Sci 2024; 14:502. [PMID: 38790479 PMCID: PMC11118907 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14050502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The sensorimotor gating is a nervous system function that modulates the acoustic startle response (ASR). Prepulse inhibition (PPI) phenomenon is an operational measure of sensorimotor gating, defined as the reduction of ASR when a high intensity sound (pulse) is preceded in milliseconds by a weaker stimulus (prepulse). Brainstem nuclei are associated with the mediation of ASR and PPI, whereas cortical and subcortical regions are associated with their modulation. However, it is still unclear how the modulatory units can influence PPI. In the present work, we developed a computational model of a neural circuit involved in the mediation (brainstem units) and modulation (cortical and subcortical units) of ASR and PPI. The activities of all units were modeled by the leaky-integrator formalism for neural population. The model reproduces basic features of PPI observed in experiments, such as the effects of changes in interstimulus interval, prepulse intensity, and habituation of ASR. The simulation of GABAergic and dopaminergic drugs impaired PPI by their effects over subcortical units activity. The results show that subcortical units constitute a central hub for PPI modulation. The presented computational model offers a valuable tool to investigate the neurobiology associated with disorder-related impairments in PPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Ohno Bezerra
- Center of Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, Brazil
| | - Antonio C. Roque
- Department of Physics, School of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Salum
- Center of Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, Brazil
- Interdisciplinary Applied Neuroscience Unit, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, Brazil
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Zhang A, Zwang TJ, Lieber CM. Biochemically functionalized probes for cell-type-specific targeting and recording in the brain. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadk1050. [PMID: 38019917 PMCID: PMC10686571 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Selective targeting and modulation of distinct cell types and neuron subtypes is central to understanding complex neural circuitry and could enable electronic treatments that target specific circuits while minimizing off-target effects. However, current brain-implantable electronics have not yet achieved cell-type specificity. We address this challenge by functionalizing flexible mesh electronic probes, which elicit minimal immune response, with antibodies or peptides to target specific cell markers. Histology studies reveal selective association of targeted neurons, astrocytes, and microglia with functionalized probe surfaces without accumulating off-target cells. In vivo chronic electrophysiology further yields recordings consistent with selective targeting of these cell types. Last, probes functionalized to target dopamine receptor 2 expressing neurons show the potential for neuron-subtype-specific targeting and electrophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Theodore J. Zwang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Charles M. Lieber
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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4
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Zhang A, Zwang TJ, Lieber CM. Biochemically-functionalized probes for cell type-specific targeting and recording in the brain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.02.560579. [PMID: 37873102 PMCID: PMC10592891 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.02.560579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Selective targeting and modulation of distinct cell types and neuron subtypes is central to understanding complex neural circuitry, and could enable electronic treatments that target specific circuits while minimizing off-target effects. However, current brain-implantable electronics have not yet achieved cell-type specificity. We address this challenge by functionalizing flexible mesh electronic probes, which elicit minimal immune response, with antibodies or peptides to target specific cell markers. Histology studies reveal selective association of targeted neurons, astrocytes and microglia with functionalized probe surfaces without accumulating off-target cells. In vivo chronic electrophysiology further yields recordings consistent with selective targeting of these cell types. Last, probes functionalized to target dopamine 2 receptor expressing neurons show the potential for neuron subtype specific targeting and electrophysiology.
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5
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Zhao P, Chen X, Bellafard A, Murugesan A, Quan J, Aharoni D, Golshani P. Accelerated social representational drift in the nucleus accumbens in a model of autism. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.05.552133. [PMID: 37577515 PMCID: PMC10418509 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.05.552133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Impaired social interaction is one of the core deficits of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and may result from social interactions being less rewarding. How the nucleus accumbens (NAc), as a key hub of reward circuitry, encodes social interaction and whether these representations are altered in ASD remain poorly understood. We identified NAc ensembles encoding social interactions by calcium imaging using miniaturized microscopy. NAc population activity, specifically D1 receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons (D1-MSNs) activity, predicted social interaction epochs. Despite a high turnover of NAc neurons modulated by social interaction, we found a stable population code for social interaction in NAc which was dramatically degraded in Cntnap2-/- mouse model of ASD. Surprisingly, non-specific optogenetic inhibition of NAc core neurons increased social interaction time and significantly improved sociability in Cntnap2-/- mice. Inhibition of D1- or D2-MSNs showed reciprocal effects, with D1 inhibition decreasing social interaction and D2 inhibition increasing interaction. Therefore, social interactions are preferentially, specifically and dynamically encoded by NAc neurons and social representations are degraded in this autism model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Zhao
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California; Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California; Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arash Bellafard
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California; Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Avaneesh Murugesan
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California; Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Quan
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California; Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Aharoni
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California; Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peyman Golshani
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California; Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- West Los Angeles Veteran Affairs Medical Center; Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of California; Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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6
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Di Domenico D, Mapelli L. Dopaminergic Modulation of Prefrontal Cortex Inhibition. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051276. [PMID: 37238947 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex is the highest stage of integration in the mammalian brain. Its functions vary greatly, from working memory to decision-making, and are primarily related to higher cognitive functions. This explains the considerable effort devoted to investigating this area, revealing the complex molecular, cellular, and network organization, and the essential role of various regulatory controls. In particular, the dopaminergic modulation and the impact of local interneurons activity are critical for prefrontal cortex functioning, controlling the excitatory/inhibitory balance and the overall network processing. Though often studied separately, the dopaminergic and GABAergic systems are deeply intertwined in influencing prefrontal network processing. This mini review will focus on the dopaminergic modulation of GABAergic inhibition, which plays a significant role in shaping prefrontal cortex activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila Di Domenico
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Lisa Mapelli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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7
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Zack M, Lobo D, Biback C, Fang T, Smart K, Tatone D, Kalia A, Digiacomo D, Kennedy JL. Priming effects of a slot machine game and amphetamine on probabilistic risk-taking in people with gambling disorder and healthy controls. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2023; 45:31-60. [PMID: 36919514 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2023.2187041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Game of Dice Task (GDT) captures probabilistic risk-taking, which is an important feature of addictions and integral to gambling disorder (GD). No research appears to have assessed effects of gambling-specific priming manipulations or the pharmacological basis of such effects on the GDT. AIMS To investigate effects of slot machine gambling (Slots) and d-amphetamine (AMPH; 20 mg) on risk-taking in people with GD and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 30/group). The role of dopamine (DA) was assessed by pre-treating participants with the D2 receptor (D2R)-preferring antagonist, haloperidol (HAL; 3-mg) or mixed D1R-D2R antagonist, fluphenazine (FLU; 3-mg). HYPOTHESES Slots and AMPH will each increase risk-taking based on fewer (less probable) possible outcomes selected (POS) and poorer net monetary outcomes (NMO; gains minus losses) on the GDT, with stronger effects in Group GD. If DA mediates these effects, outcomes will vary with pre-treatment. METHOD Participants attended a pre-experimental baseline session and 4 test sessions. Antagonist Group (HAL, FLU) was manipulated between-participants. Pre-treatment (antagonist, placebo) was manipulated within-participants and counterbalanced over sessions for Slots and AMPH test phases. Moderator/mediator effects of trait and neuropsychological factors and GD severity (South Oaks Gambling Screen; SOGS) were explored via covariance. RESULTS AMPH led to an escalation in risky POS over trial blocks in both groups, regardless of pre-treatment. Cognitive inflexibility (high perseveration-proneness) moderated this effect in Group HC. In Group GD, SOGS selectively predicted riskier POS on AMPH sessions. Group GD achieved poorer NMO vs. Group HC on the pre-experimental baseline and Placebo-Slots sessions. Group HC selectively displayed poorer NMO on the Antagonist-Slots session. CONCLUSIONS The GDT can detect behavioral and pharmacological priming effects. Cognitive inflexibility and symptom severity moderate AMPH-induced risk-taking in HC and GD participants, respectively. Sensitization-related "wanting" of risk may contribute to the latter effect in people with GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Zack
- Molecular Brain Sciences Research Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniela Lobo
- Addiction Medicine Service, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Candice Biback
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tim Fang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelly Smart
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Tatone
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aditi Kalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Digiacomo
- Molecular Brain Sciences Research Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Addiction Medicine Service, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Matzel LD, Sauce B. A multi-faceted role of dual-state dopamine signaling in working memory, attentional control, and intelligence. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1060786. [PMID: 36873775 PMCID: PMC9978119 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1060786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic evidence strongly suggests that individual differences in intelligence will not be reducible to a single dominant cause. However, some of those variations/changes may be traced to tractable, cohesive mechanisms. One such mechanism may be the balance of dopamine D1 (D1R) and D2 (D2R) receptors, which regulate intrinsic currents and synaptic transmission in frontal cortical regions. Here, we review evidence from human, animal, and computational studies that suggest that this balance (in density, activity state, and/or availability) is critical to the implementation of executive functions such as attention and working memory, both of which are principal contributors to variations in intelligence. D1 receptors dominate neural responding during stable periods of short-term memory maintenance (requiring attentional focus), while D2 receptors play a more specific role during periods of instability such as changing environmental or memory states (requiring attentional disengagement). Here we bridge these observations with known properties of human intelligence. Starting from theories of intelligence that place executive functions (e.g., working memory and attentional control) at its center, we propose that dual-state dopamine signaling might be a causal contributor to at least some of the variation in intelligence across individuals and its change by experiences/training. Although it is unlikely that such a mechanism can account for more than a modest portion of the total variance in intelligence, our proposal is consistent with an array of available evidence and has a high degree of explanatory value. We suggest future directions and specific empirical tests that can further elucidate these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis D Matzel
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Bruno Sauce
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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9
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Kawahara Y, Ohnishi YN, Ohnishi YH, Kawahara H, Nishi A. Distinct Role of Dopamine in the PFC and NAc During Exposure to Cocaine-Associated Cues. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 24:988-1001. [PMID: 34626116 PMCID: PMC8653875 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyab067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dopamine neurotransmission plays a critical role in reward in drug abuse and drug addiction. However, the role of dopamine in the recognition of drug-associated environmental stimuli, retrieval of drug-associated memory, and drug-seeking behaviors is not fully understood. METHODS Roles of dopamine neurotransmission in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) in the cocaine-conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm were evaluated using in vivo microdialysis. RESULTS In mice that had acquired cocaine CPP, dopamine levels in the PFC, but not in the NAc, increased in response to cocaine-associated cues when mice were placed in the cocaine chamber of an apparatus with 2 separated chambers. The induction of the dopamine response and the development of cocaine CPP were mediated through activation of glutamate NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate)/AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid) receptor signaling in the PFC during conditioning. Activation of dopamine D1 or D2 receptor signaling in the PFC was required for cocaine-induced locomotion, but not for the induction of the dopamine response or the development of cocaine CPP. Interestingly, dopamine levels in the NAc increased in response to cocaine-associated cues when mice were placed at the center of an apparatus with 2 connected chambers, which requires motivated exploration associated with cocaine reward. CONCLUSIONS Dopamine neurotransmission in the PFC is activated by the exposure to the cocaine-associated cues, whereas dopamine neurotransmission in the NAc is activated in a process of motivated exploration of cues associated with cocaine reward. Furthermore, the glutamate signaling cascade in the PFC is suggested to be a potential therapeutic target to prevent the progression of drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukie Kawahara
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan,Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan,Correspondence: Yukie Kawahara, DDS, PhD, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan ()
| | - Yoshinori N Ohnishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yoko H Ohnishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawahara
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Akinori Nishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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10
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Interaction of Indirect and Hyperdirect Pathways on Synchrony and Tremor-Related Oscillation in the Basal Ganglia. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:6640105. [PMID: 33790961 PMCID: PMC7984917 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6640105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-frequency oscillatory activity (3-9 Hz) and increased synchrony in the basal ganglia (BG) are recognized to be crucial for Parkinsonian tremor. However, the dynamical mechanism underlying the tremor-related oscillations still remains unknown. In this paper, the roles of the indirect and hyperdirect pathways on synchronization and tremor-related oscillations are considered based on a modified Hodgkin-Huxley model. Firstly, the effects of indirect and hyperdirect pathways are analysed individually, which show that increased striatal activity to the globus pallidus external (GPe) or strong cortical gamma input to the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is sufficient to promote synchrony and tremor-related oscillations in the BG network. Then, the mutual effects of both pathways are analysed by adjusting the related currents simultaneously. Our results suggest that synchrony and tremor-related oscillations would be strengthened if the current of these two paths are in relative imbalance. And the network tends to be less synchronized and less tremulous when the frequency of cortical input is in the theta band. These findings may provide novel treatments in the cortex and striatum to alleviate symptoms of tremor in Parkinson's disease.
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11
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Alcohol. Alcohol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816793-9.00001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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12
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A dynamical model for the basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical oscillatory activity and its implications in Parkinson's disease. Cogn Neurodyn 2020; 15:693-720. [PMID: 34367369 PMCID: PMC8286922 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-020-09653-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose to investigate brain electrophysiological alterations associated with Parkinson’s disease through a novel adaptive dynamical model of the network of the basal ganglia, the cortex and the thalamus. The model uniquely unifies the influence of dopamine in the regulation of the activity of all basal ganglia nuclei, the self-organised neuronal interdependent activity of basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical circuits and the generation of subcortical background oscillations. Variations in the amount of dopamine produced in the neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta are key both in the onset of Parkinson’s disease and in the basal ganglia action selection. We model these dopamine-induced relationships, and Parkinsonian states are interpreted as spontaneous emergent behaviours associated with different rhythms of oscillatory activity patterns of the basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical network. These results are significant because: (1) the neural populations are built upon single-neuron models that have been robustly designed to have eletrophysiologically-realistic responses, and (2) our model distinctively links changes in the oscillatory activity in subcortical structures, dopamine levels in the basal ganglia and pathological synchronisation neuronal patterns compatible with Parkinsonian states, this still remains an open problem and is crucial to better understand the progression of the disease.
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Avchalumov Y, Trenet W, Piña-Crespo J, Mandyam C. SCH23390 Reduces Methamphetamine Self-Administration and Prevents Methamphetamine-Induced Striatal LTD. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6491. [PMID: 32899459 PMCID: PMC7554976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extended-access methamphetamine self-administration results in unregulated intake of the drug; however, the role of dorsal striatal dopamine D1-like receptors (D1Rs) in the reinforcing properties of methamphetamine under extended-access conditions is unclear. Acute (ex vivo) and chronic (in vivo) methamphetamine exposure induces neuroplastic changes in the dorsal striatum, a critical region implicated in instrumental learning. For example, methamphetamine exposure alters high-frequency stimulation (HFS)-induced long-term depression in the dorsal striatum; however, the effect of methamphetamine on HFS-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) in the dorsal striatum is unknown. In the current study, dorsal striatal infusion of SCH23390, a D1R antagonist, prior to extended-access methamphetamine self-administration reduced methamphetamine addiction-like behavior. Reduced behavior was associated with reduced expression of PSD-95 in the dorsal striatum. Electrophysiological findings demonstrate that superfusion of methamphetamine reduced basal synaptic transmission and HFS-induced LTP in dorsal striatal slices, and SCH23390 prevented this effect. These results suggest that alterations in synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity induced by acute methamphetamine via D1Rs could assist with methamphetamine-induced modification of corticostriatal circuits underlying the learning of goal-directed instrumental actions and formation of habits, mediating escalation of methamphetamine self-administration and methamphetamine addiction-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Avchalumov
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; (Y.A.); (W.T.)
| | - Wulfran Trenet
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; (Y.A.); (W.T.)
| | - Juan Piña-Crespo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| | - Chitra Mandyam
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; (Y.A.); (W.T.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
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González-Redondo Á, Naveros F, Ros E, Garrido JA. A Basal Ganglia Computational Model to Explain the Paradoxical Sensorial Improvement in the Presence of Huntington's Disease. Int J Neural Syst 2020; 30:2050057. [PMID: 32840409 DOI: 10.1142/s0129065720500574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The basal ganglia (BG) represent a critical center of the nervous system for sensorial discrimination. Although it is known that Huntington's disease (HD) affects this brain area, it still remains unclear how HD patients achieve paradoxical improvement in sensorial discrimination tasks. This paper presents a computational model of the BG including the main nuclei and the typical firing properties of their neurons. The BG model has been embedded within an auditory signal detection task. We have emulated the effect that the altered levels of dopamine and the degree of HD affectation have in information processing at different layers of the BG, and how these aspects shape transient and steady states differently throughout the selection task. By extracting the independent components of the BG activity at different populations, it is evidenced that early and medium stages of HD affectation may enhance transient activity in the striatum and the substantia nigra pars reticulata. These results represent a possible explanation for the paradoxical improvement that HD patients present in discrimination task performance. Thus, this paper provides a novel understanding on how the fast dynamics of the BG network at different layers interact and enable transient states to emerge throughout the successive neuron populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisco Naveros
- Department of Computer Architecture and Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Eduardo Ros
- Department of Computer Architecture and Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús A Garrido
- Department of Computer Architecture and Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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15
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Valsky D, Heiman Grosberg S, Israel Z, Boraud T, Bergman H, Deffains M. What is the true discharge rate and pattern of the striatal projection neurons in Parkinson's disease and Dystonia? eLife 2020; 9:e57445. [PMID: 32812870 PMCID: PMC7462612 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine and striatal dysfunctions play a key role in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) and Dystonia, but our understanding of the changes in the discharge rate and pattern of striatal projection neurons (SPNs) remains limited. Here, we recorded and examined multi-unit signals from the striatum of PD and dystonic patients undergoing deep brain stimulation surgeries. Contrary to earlier human findings, we found no drastic changes in the spontaneous discharge of the well-isolated and stationary SPNs of the PD patients compared to the dystonic patients or to the normal levels of striatal activity reported in healthy animals. Moreover, cluster analysis using SPN discharge properties did not characterize two well-separated SPN subpopulations, indicating no SPN subpopulation-specific (D1 or D2 SPNs) discharge alterations in the pathological state. Our results imply that small to moderate changes in spontaneous SPN discharge related to PD and Dystonia are likely amplified by basal ganglia downstream structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Valsky
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel - Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical SchoolJerusalemIsrael
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew UniversityJerusalemIsrael
| | - Shai Heiman Grosberg
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel - Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical SchoolJerusalemIsrael
| | - Zvi Israel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah University HospitalJerusalemIsrael
| | - Thomas Boraud
- University of Bordeaux, UMR 5293, IMNBordeauxFrance
- CNRS, UMR 5293, IMNBordeauxFrance
- CHU de Bordeaux, IMN CliniqueBordeauxFrance
| | - Hagai Bergman
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel - Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical SchoolJerusalemIsrael
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew UniversityJerusalemIsrael
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah University HospitalJerusalemIsrael
| | - Marc Deffains
- University of Bordeaux, UMR 5293, IMNBordeauxFrance
- CNRS, UMR 5293, IMNBordeauxFrance
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16
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Dopamine D1, but not D2, signaling protects mental representations from distracting bottom-up influences. Neuroimage 2020; 204:116243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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17
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Cofresí RU, Bartholow BD, Piasecki TM. Evidence for incentive salience sensitization as a pathway to alcohol use disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 107:897-926. [PMID: 31672617 PMCID: PMC6878895 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The incentive salience sensitization (ISS) theory of addiction holds that addictive behavior stems from the ability of drugs to progressively sensitize the brain circuitry that mediates attribution of incentive salience (IS) to reward-predictive cues and its behavioral manifestations. In this article, we establish the plausibility of ISS as an etiological pathway to alcohol use disorder (AUD). We provide a comprehensive and critical review of evidence for: (1) the ability of alcohol to sensitize the brain circuitry of IS attribution and expression; and (2) attribution of IS to alcohol-predictive cues and its sensitization in humans and non-human animals. We point out gaps in the literature and how these might be addressed. We also highlight how individuals with different alcohol subjective response phenotypes may differ in susceptibility to ISS as a pathway to AUD. Finally, we discuss important implications of this neuropsychological mechanism in AUD for psychological and pharmacological interventions attempting to attenuate alcohol craving and cue reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto U Cofresí
- University of Missouri, Department of Psychological Sciences, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
| | - Bruce D Bartholow
- University of Missouri, Department of Psychological Sciences, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Thomas M Piasecki
- University of Missouri, Department of Psychological Sciences, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
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18
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Paredes-Zúñiga S, Trost N, De la Paz JF, Alcayaga J, Allende ML. Behavioral effects of triadimefon in zebrafish are associated with alterations of the dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 92:118-126. [PMID: 30593828 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Triadimefon (TDF) is a triazole fungicide extensively used in agriculture that has been found as a pollutant in numerous water sources. In mammals, it inhibits monoamine uptake through binding to the dopamine transporter, with a mechanism of action similar to cocaine, resulting in higher levels of dopamine at the synapse. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter involved in a broad spectrum of processes such as locomotion, cognition, reward, and mental disorders. In this work we have studied, for the first time, the effects of TDF on behavior of both larval and adult zebrafish and its connection with changes in the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems. We evaluated the acute exposure of 5 dpf larvae to different concentrations of TDF, ranging from 5 mg/L to 35 mg/L. The lowest concentration does not alter neither locomotor activity nor dopamine levels but produced changes in the expression of two genes, tyrosine hydroxylase 1 (th1) and dopamine transporter (dat). Besides, it induced a reduction in extracellular serotonin and had an anxiolytic-like effect, supported by a decrease in cortisol production. On the other hand, a high concentration of TDF produced a dose-dependent reduction in locomotion, which was reversed or enhanced by D1 (SCH-23390) or D2 (Haloperidol) dopamine receptor antagonists, respectively. Using in vivo electrochemistry, we show that these changes could be associated with higher levels of dopamine in the brain. Thus, in adult zebrafish, though not in larvae, TDF exposure increases locomotor activity, anxiety and aggressiveness, which coincides with the behaviors observed in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Paredes-Zúñiga
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Faculty of Science, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nils Trost
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Faculty of Science, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Javiera F De la Paz
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Faculty of Science, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Julio Alcayaga
- Departamento de Biología, Centro de Fisiología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Miguel L Allende
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Faculty of Science, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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19
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Caligiore D, Mannella F, Baldassarre G. Different Dopaminergic Dysfunctions Underlying Parkinsonian Akinesia and Tremor. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:550. [PMID: 31191237 PMCID: PMC6549580 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the occurrence of Parkinsonian akinesia and tremor is traditionally associated to dopaminergic degeneration, the multifaceted neural processes that cause these impairments are not fully understood. As a consequence, current dopamine medications cannot be tailored to the specific dysfunctions of patients with the result that generic drug therapies produce different effects on akinesia and tremor. This article proposes a computational model focusing on the role of dopamine impairments in the occurrence of akinesia and resting tremor. The model has three key features, to date never integrated in a single computational system: (a) an architecture constrained on the basis of the relevant known system-level anatomy of the basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loops; (b) spiking neurons with physiologically-constrained parameters; (c) a detailed simulation of the effects of both phasic and tonic dopamine release. The model exhibits a neural dynamics compatible with that recorded in the brain of primates and humans. Moreover, it suggests that akinesia might involve both tonic and phasic dopamine dysregulations whereas resting tremor might be primarily caused by impairments involving tonic dopamine release and the responsiveness of dopamine receptors. These results could lead to develop new therapies based on a system-level view of the Parkinson's disease and targeting phasic and tonic dopamine in differential ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Caligiore
- National Research Council, Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Mannella
- National Research Council, Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Baldassarre
- National Research Council, Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, Rome, Italy
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20
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Zink N, Bensmann W, Arning L, Colzato LS, Stock AK, Beste C. The Role of DRD1 and DRD2 Receptors for Response Selection Under Varying Complexity Levels: Implications for Metacontrol Processes. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 22:747-753. [PMID: 31123756 PMCID: PMC6929671 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyz024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Highly complex tasks generally benefit from increases in cognitive control, which has been linked to dopamine. Yet, the same amount of control may actually be detrimental in tasks with low complexity so that the task-dependent allocation of cognitive control resources (also known as "metacontrol") is key to expedient and adaptive behavior in various contexts. METHODS Given that dopamine D1 and D2 receptors have been suggested to exert opposing effects on cognitive control, we investigated the impact of 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the DRD1 (rs4532) and DRD2 (rs6277) genes on metacontrol in 195 healthy young adults. Subjects performed 2 consecutive tasks that differed in their demand for control (starting with the less complex task and then performing a more complex task rule). RESULTS We found carriers of the DRD1 rs4532 G allele to outperform noncarriers in case of high control requirements (i.e., reveal a better response accuracy), but not in case of low control requirements. This was confirmed by Bayesian analyses. No effects of DRD2 rs6277 genotype on either task were evident, again confirmed by Bayesian analyses. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that higher DRD1 receptor efficiency improves performance during high, but not low, control requirements, probably by promoting a "D1 state," which is characterized by highly stable task set representations. The null findings for DRD2 signaling might be explained by the fact that the "D2 state" is thought to enhance flexible switching between task set representations when our task only featured 1 task set at any given time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Zink
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Wiebke Bensmann
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Larissa Arning
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lorenza S Colzato
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany,Institute for Sports and Sport Science, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Stock
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Germany,Correspondence: Ann-Kathrin Stock, Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Germany, Schubertstraße 42, D-01309 Dresden, Germany ()
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Germany
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21
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Latella D, Maggio MG, Maresca G, Saporoso AF, Le Cause M, Manuli A, Milardi D, Bramanti P, De Luca R, Calabrò RS. Impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review on risk factors and pathophysiology. J Neurol Sci 2019; 398:101-106. [PMID: 30690412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Purpose of this review is to evaluate the potential risk factors that may predispose to the development of Impulse control disorders (ICDs) in Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients, including the effects of dopaminergic therapy. METHODS This descriptive review was conducted to identificate risk factors that could cause impulsive control disorders in PD. Studies were found on PubMed (2010-2018), Web Of Science (January 2010-July 2018) and Cochrane (2010-2018) databases. RESULTS The data suggest that intrinsic and extrinsic factors may be involved in the development of behavioral complications. To date, the link between PD and the development of ICDs is not very clear, but studies highlight the existence of a predisposition to ICDs in the presence of risk factors. CONCLUSIONS A better assessment of the behavioral disorders of PD may be useful in the rehabilitative intervention for increasing the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Demetrio Milardi
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo", Messina, Italy; AOU, Policlinico G Martino, Messina, Italy
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22
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Sgroi S, Tonini R. Opioidergic Modulation of Striatal Circuits, Implications in Parkinson's Disease and Levodopa Induced Dyskinesia. Front Neurol 2018; 9:524. [PMID: 30026724 PMCID: PMC6041411 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional organization of the dorsal striatum is complex, due to the diversity of neural inputs that converge in this structure and its subdivision into direct and indirect output pathways, striosomes and matrix compartments. Among the neurotransmitters that regulate the activity of striatal projection neurons (SPNs), opioid neuropeptides (enkephalin and dynorphin) play a neuromodulatory role in synaptic transmission and plasticity and affect striatal-based behaviors in both normal brain function and pathological states, including Parkinson's disease (PD). We review recent findings on the cell-type-specific effects of opioidergic neurotransmission in the dorsal striatum, focusing on the maladaptive synaptic neuroadaptations that occur in PD and levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Understanding the plethora of molecular and synaptic mechanisms underpinning the opioid-mediated modulation of striatal circuits is critical for the development of pharmacological treatments that can alleviate motor dysfunctions and hyperkinetic responses to dopaminergic stimulant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Sgroi
- Neuromodulation of Cortical and Subcortical Circuits Laboratory, Neuroscience and Brain Technologies Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Raffaella Tonini
- Neuromodulation of Cortical and Subcortical Circuits Laboratory, Neuroscience and Brain Technologies Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
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23
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Yapo C, Nair AG, Clement L, Castro LR, Hellgren Kotaleski J, Vincent P. Detection of phasic dopamine by D1 and D2 striatal medium spiny neurons. J Physiol 2017; 595:7451-7475. [PMID: 28782235 PMCID: PMC5730852 DOI: 10.1113/jp274475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Brief dopamine events are critical actors of reward-mediated learning in the striatum; the intracellular cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) response of striatal medium spiny neurons to such events was studied dynamically using a combination of biosensor imaging in mouse brain slices and in silico simulations. Both D1 and D2 medium spiny neurons can sense brief dopamine transients in the sub-micromolar range. While dopamine transients profoundly change cAMP levels in both types of medium spiny neurons, the PKA-dependent phosphorylation level remains unaffected in D2 neurons. At the level of PKA-dependent phosphorylation, D2 unresponsiveness depends on protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) inhibition by DARPP-32. Simulations suggest that D2 medium spiny neurons could detect transient dips in dopamine level. ABSTRACT The phasic release of dopamine in the striatum determines various aspects of reward and action selection, but the dynamics of the dopamine effect on intracellular signalling remains poorly understood. We used genetically encoded FRET biosensors in striatal brain slices to quantify the effect of transient dopamine on cAMP or PKA-dependent phosphorylation levels, and computational modelling to further explore the dynamics of this signalling pathway. Medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs), which express either D1 or D2 dopamine receptors, responded to dopamine by an increase or a decrease in cAMP, respectively. Transient dopamine showed similar sub-micromolar efficacies on cAMP in both D1 and D2 MSNs, thus challenging the commonly accepted notion that dopamine efficacy is much higher on D2 than on D1 receptors. However, in D2 MSNs, the large decrease in cAMP level triggered by transient dopamine did not translate to a decrease in PKA-dependent phosphorylation level, owing to the efficient inhibition of protein phosphatase 1 by DARPP-32. Simulations further suggested that D2 MSNs can also operate in a 'tone-sensing' mode, allowing them to detect transient dips in basal dopamine. Overall, our results show that D2 MSNs may sense much more complex patterns of dopamine than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Yapo
- CNRS, UMR8256 “Biological Adaptation and Ageing”Institut de Biologie Paris‐Seine (IBPS)F‐75005ParisFrance
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC, Paris 6)Sorbonne UniversitésF‐75005ParisFrance
| | - Anu G. Nair
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Computer Science and CommunicationKTH Royal Institute of Technology10044StockholmSweden
- National Centre for Biological SciencesTata Institute of Fundamental ResearchBangalore560065KarnatakaIndia
- Manipal UniversityManipal576104KarnatakaIndia
| | - Lorna Clement
- CNRS, UMR8256 “Biological Adaptation and Ageing”Institut de Biologie Paris‐Seine (IBPS)F‐75005ParisFrance
| | - Liliana R. Castro
- CNRS, UMR8256 “Biological Adaptation and Ageing”Institut de Biologie Paris‐Seine (IBPS)F‐75005ParisFrance
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC, Paris 6)Sorbonne UniversitésF‐75005ParisFrance
| | - Jeanette Hellgren Kotaleski
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Computer Science and CommunicationKTH Royal Institute of Technology10044StockholmSweden
- Department of NeuroscienceKarolinska Institutet17177SolnaSweden
| | - Pierre Vincent
- CNRS, UMR8256 “Biological Adaptation and Ageing”Institut de Biologie Paris‐Seine (IBPS)F‐75005ParisFrance
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC, Paris 6)Sorbonne UniversitésF‐75005ParisFrance
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24
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Abstract
The loss of nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) is the primary cause of motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD), but the underlying striatal mechanisms remain unclear. In spite of abundant literature portraying structural, biochemical and plasticity changes of striatal projection neurons (SPNs), in the past there has been a data vacuum from the natural human disease and its close model in non-human primates. Recently, single-cell recordings in advanced parkinsonian primates have generated new insights into the altered function of SPNs. Currently, there are also human data that provide direct evidence of profoundly dysregulated SPN activity in PD. Here, we review primate recordings that are impacting our understanding of the striatal dysfunction after DA loss, particularly through the analysis of physiologic correlates of parkinsonian motor behaviors. In contrast to recordings in rodents, data obtained in primates and patients demonstrate similar major abnormalities of the spontaneous SPN firing in the alert parkinsonian state. Furthermore, these studies also show altered SPN responses to DA replacement in the advanced parkinsonian state. Clearly, there is yet much to learn about the striatal discharges in PD, but studies using primate models are contributing unique information to advance our understanding of pathophysiologic mechanisms.
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25
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Weintraub D, Claassen DO. Impulse Control and Related Disorders in Parkinson's Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 133:679-717. [PMID: 28802938 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Impulse control disorders (ICDs), such as compulsive gambling, buying, sexual, and eating behaviors, are a serious and increasingly recognized complication in Parkinson's disease (PD), occurring in up to 20% of PD patients over the course of their illness. Related behaviors include punding (stereotyped, repetitive, purposeless behaviors), dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS) (compulsive medication overuse), and hobbyism (e.g., compulsive internet use, artistic endeavors, and writing). These disorders have a significant impact on quality of life and function, strain interpersonal relationships, and worsen caregiver burden, and are associated with significant psychiatric comorbidity. ICDs have been most closely related to the use of dopamine agonists (DAs), while DDS is primarily associated with shorter acting, higher potency dopamine replacement therapy (DRT), such as levodopa. However, in preliminary research ICDs have also been reported to occur with monoamine oxidase inhibitor-B and amantadine treatment, and after deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery. Other risk factors for ICDs may include sex (e.g., male sex for compulsive sexual behavior, and female sex for compulsive buying behavior); younger age overall at PD onset; a pre-PD history of an ICD; personal or family history of substance abuse, bipolar disorder, or gambling problems; and impulsive personality traits. Dysregulation of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system is thought to be the major neurobiological substrate for ICDs in PD, but there is preliminary evidence for alterations in opiate and serotonin systems too. The primary treatment of ICDs in PD is discontinuation of the offending treatment, but not all patients can tolerate this due to worsening motor symptoms or DA withdrawal syndrome. While psychiatric medications and psychosocial treatments are frequently used to treat ICDs in the general population, there is limited empirical evidence for their use in PD, so it is critical for patients to be monitored closely for ICDs from disease onset and routine throughout its course. In the future, it may be possible to use a precision medicine approach to decrease the incidence of ICDs in PD by avoiding DA use in patients determined to be at highest risk based on their clinical and neurobiological (e.g., motor presentation, behavioral measures of medication response, genetics, dopamine transporter neuroimaging) profile. Additionally, as empirically validated treatments for ICDs and similar disorders (e.g., substance use disorders) emerge, it will also be important to examine their efficacy and tolerability in individuals with comorbid PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Weintraub
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Parkinson's Disease and Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Centers, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Daniel O Claassen
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
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26
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Sebel LE, Graves SM, Chan CS, Surmeier DJ. Haloperidol Selectively Remodels Striatal Indirect Pathway Circuits. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:963-973. [PMID: 27577602 PMCID: PMC5312058 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Typical antipsychotic drugs are widely thought to alleviate the positive symptoms of schizophrenia by antagonizing dopamine D2 receptors expressed by striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs). What is less clear is why antipsychotics have a therapeutic latency of weeks. Using a combination of physiological and anatomical approaches in ex vivo brain slices from transgenic mice, it was found that 2 weeks of haloperidol treatment induced both intrinsic and synaptic adaptations specifically within indirect pathway SPNs (iSPNs). Perphenazine treatment had similar effects. Some of these adaptations were homeostatic, including a drop in intrinsic excitability and pruning of excitatory corticostriatal glutamatergic synapses. However, haloperidol treatment also led to strengthening of a subset of excitatory corticostriatal synapses. This slow remodeling of corticostriatal iSPN circuitry is likely to play a role in mediating the delayed therapeutic action of neuroleptics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke E Sebel
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Steven M Graves
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - C Savio Chan
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - D James Surmeier
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E Superior, Chicago, IL 60611, USA, Tel: +1 312 503 4904, Fax: +1 312 503 5101, E-mail:
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27
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Liu H, Chaudhury D. Understanding Mood Disorders Using Electrophysiology and Circuit Breaking. DECODING NEURAL CIRCUIT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION 2017:343-370. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57363-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
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28
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Stephens DN, King SL, Lambert JJ, Belelli D, Duka T. GABAAreceptor subtype involvement in addictive behaviour. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2016; 16:149-184. [DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - S. L. King
- School of Psychology; University of Sussex; Brighton UK
| | - J. J. Lambert
- Division of Neuroscience; University of Dundee; Dundee UK
| | - D. Belelli
- Division of Neuroscience; University of Dundee; Dundee UK
| | - T. Duka
- School of Psychology; University of Sussex; Brighton UK
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29
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Chakroborty D, Sarkar C, Lu K, Bhat M, Dasgupta PS, Basu S. Activation of Dopamine D1 Receptors in Dermal Fibroblasts Restores Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A Production by These Cells and Subsequent Angiogenesis in Diabetic Cutaneous Wound Tissues. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:2262-70. [PMID: 27422612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In wound beds, fibroblasts are rich sources of vascular endothelial growth factor A, a cytokine necessary for promoting angiogenesis and thereby the healing of wound tissues. However, in diabetes mellitus, these cells are functionally impaired and produce reduced amounts of vascular endothelial growth factor A, resulting in deficient angiogenesis and delayed wound healing. We here for the first time demonstrate that stimulation of D1 dopamine receptors present in dermal fibroblasts restores vascular endothelial growth factor A production by these cells, resulting in adequate angiogenesis and subsequent healing of cutaneous wounds in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic mice. This action of D1 dopamine receptors was mediated through the protein kinase A pathway. As delayed wound healing or chronic wounds are one of the major health problems in diabetic patients, D1 dopamine receptor agonists, which are already in clinical use for the treatment of other disorders, may be of translational value in the treatment of chronic, nonhealing diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kai Lu
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Madhavi Bhat
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Sujit Basu
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
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30
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Grasing K. A threshold model for opposing actions of acetylcholine on reward behavior: Molecular mechanisms and implications for treatment of substance abuse disorders. Behav Brain Res 2016; 312:148-62. [PMID: 27316344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The cholinergic system plays important roles in both learning and addiction. Medications that modify cholinergic tone can have pronounced effects on behaviors reinforced by natural and drug reinforcers. Importantly, enhancing the action of acetylcholine (ACh) in the nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine system can either augment or diminish these behaviors. A threshold model is presented that can explain these seemingly contradictory results. Relatively low levels of ACh rise above a lower threshold, facilitating behaviors supported by drugs or natural reinforcers. Further increases in cholinergic tone that rise above a second upper threshold oppose the same behaviors. Accordingly, cholinesterase inhibitors, or agonists for nicotinic or muscarinic receptors, each have the potential to produce biphasic effects on reward behaviors. Pretreatment with either nicotinic or muscarinic antagonists can block drug- or food- reinforced behavior by maintaining cholinergic tone below its lower threshold. Potential threshold mediators include desensitization of nicotinic receptors and biphasic effects of ACh on the firing of medium spiny neurons. Nicotinic receptors with high- and low- affinity appear to play greater roles in reward enhancement and inhibition, respectively. Cholinergic inhibition of natural and drug rewards may serve as mediators of previously described opponent processes. Future studies should evaluate cholinergic agents across a broader range of doses, and include a variety of reinforced behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Grasing
- From the Substance Abuse Research Laboratory, 151, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4801 Linwood Boulevard, Kansas City, MO 64128, United States; From the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States.
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Kim HF, Ghazizadeh A, Hikosaka O. Dopamine Neurons Encoding Long-Term Memory of Object Value for Habitual Behavior. Cell 2016; 163:1165-1175. [PMID: 26590420 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine neurons promote learning by processing recent changes in reward values, such that reward may be maximized. However, such a flexible signal is not suitable for habitual behaviors that are sustained regardless of recent changes in reward outcome. We discovered a type of dopamine neuron in the monkey substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) that retains past learned reward values stably. After reward values of visual objects are learned, these neurons continue to respond differentially to the objects, even when reward is not expected. Responses are strengthened by repeated learning and are evoked upon presentation of the objects long after learning is completed. These "sustain-type" dopamine neurons are confined to the caudal-lateral SNc and project to the caudate tail, which encodes long-term value memories of visual objects and guides gaze automatically to stably valued objects. This population of dopamine neurons thus selectively promotes learning and retention of habitual behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung F Kim
- Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ali Ghazizadeh
- Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Okihide Hikosaka
- Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Hikima T, Garcia-Munoz M, Arbuthnott GW. Presynaptic D1 heteroreceptors and mGlu autoreceptors act at individual cortical release sites to modify glutamate release. Brain Res 2016; 1639:74-87. [PMID: 26944299 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study release of glutamic acid (GLU) from one-axon terminal or bouton at-a-time using cortical neurons grown in vitro to study the effect of presynaptic auto- and heteroreceptor stimulation. Neurons were infected with release reporters SypHx2 or iGluSnFR at 7 or 3 days-in-vitro (DIV) respectively. At 13-15 DIV single synaptic boutons were identified from images obtained from a confocal scanning microscope before and after field electrical stimulation. We further stimulated release by raising intracellular levels of cAMP with forskolin (10µM). Forskolin-mediated effects were dependent on protein kinase A (PKA) and did not result from an increase in endocytosis, but rather from an increase in the size of the vesicle readily releasable pool. Once iGluSnFR was confirmed as more sensitive than SypHx2, it was used to study the participation of presynaptic auto- and heteroreceptors on GLU release. Although most receptor agonizts (carbamylcholine, nicotine, dopamine D2, BDNF) did not affect electrically stimulated GLU release, a significant increase was observed in the presence of metabotropic D1/D5 heteroreceptor agonist (SKF38393 10µM) that was reversed by PKA inhibitors. Interestingly, stimulation of group II metabotropic mGLU2/3 autoreceptors (LY379268 50nM) induced a decrease in GLU release that was reversed by the specific mGLU2/3 receptor antagonist (LY341495 1µM) and also by PKA inhibitors (KT5720 200nM and PKI14-22 400nM). These changes in release probability at individual release sites suggest another level of control of the distribution of transmitter substances in cortical tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Hikima
- Brain Mechanism for Behaviour Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Marianela Garcia-Munoz
- Brain Mechanism for Behaviour Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Gordon William Arbuthnott
- Brain Mechanism for Behaviour Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan.
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Manza P, Zhang S, Li CR, Leung H. Resting-state functional connectivity of the striatum in early-stage Parkinson's disease: Cognitive decline and motor symptomatology. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:648-62. [PMID: 26566885 PMCID: PMC4843498 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by changes to dopaminergic function in the striatum and a range of cognitive and motor deficits. Neuroimaging studies have repeatedly shown differences in activation and functional connectivity patterns of the striatum between symptomatic individuals with Parkinson's disease and healthy controls. However, the presence and severity of cognitive and motor symptoms seem to differ dramatically among individuals with Parkinson's disease at the early-stages. To investigate the neural basis of such heterogeneity, we examined the resting state functional connectivity patterns of caudate and putamen subdivisions in relation to cognitive and motor impairments among 62 early-stage individuals with Parkinson's disease (21 females, 23 drug naive, ages 39-77 years, average UPDRS motor scores off medication = 18.56, average H&Y stage = 1.66). We also explored how changes in striatal connectivity relate to changes in symptomatology over a year. There are two main findings. First, higher motor deficit rating was associated with weaker coupling between anterior putamen and midbrain including substantia nigra. Intriguingly, steeper declines in functional connectivity between these regions were associated with greater declines in motor function over the course of 1 year. Second, decline in cognitive function, particularly in the memory and visuospatial domains, was associated with stronger coupling between the dorsal caudate and the rostral anterior cingulate cortex. These findings remained significant after controlling for age, medication, gender, and education. In sum, our findings suggest that cognitive decline and motor deficit are each associated with a differentiable pattern of functional connectivity of striatal subregions. Hum Brain Mapp 37:648-662, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Manza
- Department of PsychologyIntegrative Neuroscience Program, Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew York
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of PsychiatryYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticut
| | - Chiang‐Shan R. Li
- Department of PsychiatryYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticut
- Department of NeurobiologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticut
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience ProgramYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticut
| | - Hoi‐Chung Leung
- Department of PsychologyIntegrative Neuroscience Program, Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew York
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Gaval-Cruz M, Goertz RB, Puttick DJ, Bowles DE, Meyer RC, Hall RA, Ko D, Paladini CA, Weinshenker D. Chronic loss of noradrenergic tone produces β-arrestin2-mediated cocaine hypersensitivity and alters cellular D2 responses in the nucleus accumbens. Addict Biol 2016; 21:35-48. [PMID: 25123018 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine blocks plasma membrane monoamine transporters and increases extracellular levels of dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT). The addictive properties of cocaine are mediated primarily by DA, while NE and 5-HT play modulatory roles. Chronic inhibition of dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH), which converts DA to NE, increases the aversive effects of cocaine and reduces cocaine use in humans, and produces behavioral hypersensitivity to cocaine and D2 agonism in rodents, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. We found a decrease in β-arrestin2 (βArr2) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) following chronic genetic or pharmacological DBH inhibition, and overexpression of βArr2 in the NAc normalized cocaine-induced locomotion in DBH knockout (Dbh -/-) mice. The D2/3 agonist quinpirole decreased excitability in NAc medium spiny neurons (MSNs) from control, but not Dbh -/- animals, where instead there was a trend for an excitatory effect. The Gαi inhibitor NF023 abolished the quinpirole-induced decrease in excitability in control MSNs, but had no effect in Dbh -/- MSNs, whereas the Gαs inhibitor NF449 restored the ability of quinpirole to decrease excitability in Dbh -/- MSNs, but had no effect in control MSNs. These results suggest that chronic loss of noradrenergic tone alters behavioral responses to cocaine via decreases in βArr2 and cellular responses to D2/D3 activation, potentially via changes in D2-like receptor G-protein coupling in NAc MSNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Gaval-Cruz
- Department of Human Genetics; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta GA USA
| | - Richard B. Goertz
- Department of Biology; Neurosciences Institute; University of Texas at San Antonio; San Antonio TX USA
| | - Daniel J. Puttick
- Department of Human Genetics; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta GA USA
| | - Dawn E. Bowles
- Department of Surgery; Duke University School of Medicine; Durham NC USA
| | - Rebecca C. Meyer
- Department of Pharmacology; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta GA USA
| | - Randy A. Hall
- Department of Pharmacology; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta GA USA
| | - Daijin Ko
- Department of Management Science and Statistics; University of Texas at San Antonio; San Antonio TX USA
| | - Carlos A. Paladini
- Department of Biology; Neurosciences Institute; University of Texas at San Antonio; San Antonio TX USA
| | - David Weinshenker
- Department of Human Genetics; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta GA USA
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Radwan B, Liu H, Chaudhury D. Regulation and Modulation of Depression-Related Behaviours: Role of Dopaminergic Neurons. DOPAMINE AND SLEEP 2016:147-190. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-46437-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
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Di Angelantonio S, Bertollini C, Piccinin S, Rosito M, Trettel F, Pagani F, Limatola C, Ragozzino D. Basal adenosine modulates the functional properties of AMPA receptors in mouse hippocampal neurons through the activation of A1R A2AR and A3R. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:409. [PMID: 26528137 PMCID: PMC4601258 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is a widespread neuromodulator within the CNS and its extracellular level is increased during hypoxia or intense synaptic activity, modulating pre- and postsynaptic sites. We studied the neuromodulatory action of adenosine on glutamatergic currents in the hippocampus, showing that activation of multiple adenosine receptors (ARs) by basal adenosine impacts postsynaptic site. Specifically, the stimulation of both A1R and A3R reduces AMPA currents, while A2AR has an opposite potentiating effect. The effect of ARs stimulation on glutamatergic currents in hippocampal cultures was investigated using pharmacological and genetic approaches. A3R inhibition by MRS1523 increased GluR1-Ser845 phosphorylation and potentiated AMPA current amplitude, increasing the apparent affinity for the agonist. A similar effect was observed blocking A1R with DPCPX or by genetic deletion of either A3R or A1R. Conversely, impairment of A2AR reduced AMPA currents, and decreased agonist sensitivity. Consistently, in hippocampal slices, ARs activation by AR agonist NECA modulated glutamatergic current amplitude evoked by AMPA application or afferent fiber stimulation. Opposite effects of AR subtypes stimulation are likely associated to changes in GluR1 phosphorylation and represent a novel mechanism of physiological modulation of glutamatergic transmission by adenosine, likely acting in normal conditions in the brain, depending on the level of extracellular adenosine and the distribution of AR subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Di Angelantonio
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Sapienza Università di Roma Roma, Italy ; Center for Life Nanoscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Bertollini
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Sapienza Università di Roma Roma, Italy
| | - Sonia Piccinin
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Sapienza Università di Roma Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Rosito
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Sapienza Università di Roma Roma, Italy
| | - Flavia Trettel
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Sapienza Università di Roma Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Pagani
- Center for Life Nanoscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Limatola
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Sapienza Università di Roma Roma, Italy ; Neuromed, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Davide Ragozzino
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Sapienza Università di Roma Roma, Italy ; Neuromed, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Pozzilli, Italy
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Mylius V, Ciampi de Andrade D, Cury RG, Teepker M, Ehrt U, Eggert KM, Beer S, Kesselring J, Stamelou M, Oertel WH, Möller JC, Lefaucheur JP. Pain in Parkinson's Disease: Current Concepts and a New Diagnostic Algorithm. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2015; 2:357-364. [PMID: 30363602 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pain is a significant burden for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with a high impact on quality of life. The present article aims at summarizing epidemiological, pathophysiological, clinical, and neurophysiological data regarding pain in PD. Methods In this domain, a procedure of systematic assessment is still lacking for the syndromic diagnosis and should take into account pain characteristics, effects of dopaminergic treatment, motor fluctuations, and non-PD-associated pain. Findings We propose an original questionnaire addressing an algorithm suitable for daily clinical practice. The questionnaire is based on a three-step approach addressing first the relationship between pain and PD (including temporal relationship with the course of the disease, association with motor fluctuations, and impact of antiparkinsonian treatment), before classifying pain into one of three main syndromes (i.e., musculoskeletal pain, psychomotor restlessness pain, and neuropathic pain). Conclusions The proposed questionnaire allows the characteristics of each pain type to be determined according to its relationship with the disease and its treatment. The validation of the clinical use of this questionnaire will be the goal of a forthcoming work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veit Mylius
- Department of Neurology Philipps University Marburg Germany.,Department of Neurology Center for Neurorehabilitation Valens Switzerland
| | | | - Rubens Gisbert Cury
- Pain Center Department of Neurology University of São Paulo São Paulo SP Brazil
| | | | - Uwe Ehrt
- Psychiatric Clinic Fachklinikum Bernburg Bernburg Germany
| | | | - Serafin Beer
- Department of Neurology Center for Neurorehabilitation Valens Switzerland
| | - Jürg Kesselring
- Department of Neurology Center for Neurorehabilitation Valens Switzerland
| | - Maria Stamelou
- Department of Neurology Philipps University Marburg Germany.,Movement Disorders Clinic Second Department of Neurology University of Athens Athens Greece
| | | | - Jens Carsten Möller
- Parkinson Center Center for Neurological Rehabilitation Zihlschlacht Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur
- Faculté de Médecine Université Paris Est Créteil Créteil France.,Service de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles Hôpital Henri Mondor Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Créteil France
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38
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O'Connor WT, O'Shea SD. Clozapine and GABA transmission in schizophrenia disease models. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 150:47-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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39
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Kim J, Kita H. Posttetanic enhancement of striato-pallidal synaptic transmission. J Neurophysiol 2015; 114:447-54. [PMID: 25995348 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00241.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The striato (Str)-globus pallidus external segment (GPe) projection plays major roles in the control of neuronal activity in the basal ganglia under both normal and pathological conditions. The present study used rat brain slice preparations to characterize the enhancement of Str-GPe synapses observed after repetitive conditioning stimuli (CS) of Str with the whole cell patch-clamp recording technique. The results show that 1) the Str-GPe synapses have a posttetanic enhancement (PTE) mechanism, which is considered to be a combination of an augmentation and a posttetanic potentiation; 2) the degree of PTE observed in GPe neurons had a wide range and was positively correlated with a wide range of paired-pulse ratios assessed before application of CS; 3) a wide range of CS, from frequencies as low as 2 Hz with as few as 5 pulses to as high as 100 Hz with 100 pulses, could induce PTE; 4) the decay time constant of PTE was dependent on the strength of CS and was prolonged greatly, up to 120 s, when strong CS were applied; and 5) the level of postsynaptic Cl(-) became a limiting factor for the degree of PTE when strong CS were applied. These results imply that Str-GPe synapses transmit inhibitions in a nonlinear activity-weighted manner, which may be suited for scaling timing and force of repeated or sequential body movements. Other possible factors controlling the induction of PTE and functional implications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyon Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Hitoshi Kita
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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40
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Kim HF, Hikosaka O. Parallel basal ganglia circuits for voluntary and automatic behaviour to reach rewards. Brain 2015; 138:1776-800. [PMID: 25981958 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The basal ganglia control body movements, value processing and decision-making. Many studies have shown that the inputs and outputs of each basal ganglia structure are topographically organized, which suggests that the basal ganglia consist of separate circuits that serve distinct functions. A notable example is the circuits that originate from the rostral (head) and caudal (tail) regions of the caudate nucleus, both of which target the superior colliculus. These two caudate regions encode the reward values of visual objects differently: flexible (short-term) values by the caudate head and stable (long-term) values by the caudate tail. These value signals in the caudate guide the orienting of gaze differently: voluntary saccades by the caudate head circuit and automatic saccades by the caudate tail circuit. Moreover, separate groups of dopamine neurons innervate the caudate head and tail and may selectively guide the flexible and stable learning/memory in the caudate regions. Studies focusing on manual handling of objects also suggest that rostrocaudally separated circuits in the basal ganglia control the action differently. These results suggest that the basal ganglia contain parallel circuits for two steps of goal-directed behaviour: finding valuable objects and manipulating the valuable objects. These parallel circuits may underlie voluntary behaviour and automatic skills, enabling animals (including humans) to adapt to both volatile and stable environments. This understanding of the functions and mechanisms of the basal ganglia parallel circuits may inform the differential diagnosis and treatment of basal ganglia disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung F Kim
- Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Okihide Hikosaka
- Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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41
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Singh A, Liang L, Kaneoke Y, Cao X, Papa SM. Dopamine regulates distinctively the activity patterns of striatal output neurons in advanced parkinsonian primates. J Neurophysiol 2014; 113:1533-44. [PMID: 25505120 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00910.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nigrostriatal dopamine denervation plays a major role in basal ganglia circuitry disarray and motor abnormalities of Parkinson's disease (PD). Studies in rodent and primate models have revealed that striatal projection neurons, namely, medium spiny neurons (MSNs), increase the firing frequency. However, their activity pattern changes and the effects of dopaminergic stimulation in such conditions are unknown. Using single-cell recordings in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated primates with advanced parkinsonism, we studied MSN activity patterns in the transition to different motor states following levodopa administration. In the "off" state (baseline parkinsonian disability), a burst-firing pattern accompanied by prolonged silences (pauses) was found in 34% of MSNs, and 80% of these exhibited a levodopa response compatible with dopamine D1 receptor activation (direct pathway MSNs). This pattern was highly responsive to levodopa given that bursting/pausing almost disappeared in the "on" state (reversal of parkinsonism after levodopa injection), although this led to higher firing rates. Nonbursty MSNs fired irregularly with marked pausing that increased in the on state in the MSN subset with a levodopa response compatible with dopamine D2 receptor activation (indirect pathway MSNs), although the pause increase was not sustained in some units during the appearance of dyskinesias. Data indicate that the MSN firing pattern in the advanced parkinsonian monkey is altered by bursting and pausing changes and that dopamine differentially and inefficiently regulates these behaviorally correlated patterns in MSN subpopulations. These findings may contribute to understand the impact of striatal dysfunction in the basal ganglia network and its role in motor symptoms of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Singh
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Li Liang
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Yoshiki Kaneoke
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Xuebing Cao
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China; and
| | - Stella M Papa
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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42
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Plavén-Sigray P, Gustavsson P, Farde L, Borg J, Stenkrona P, Nyberg L, Bäckman L, Cervenka S. Dopamine D1 receptor availability is related to social behavior: A positron emission tomography study. Neuroimage 2014; 102 Pt 2:590-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Tomasi D, Wang GJ, Wang R, Caparelli EC, Logan J, Volkow ND. Overlapping patterns of brain activation to food and cocaine cues in cocaine abusers: association to striatal D2/D3 receptors. Hum Brain Mapp 2014; 36:120-36. [PMID: 25142207 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cocaine, through its activation of dopamine (DA) signaling, usurps pathways that process natural rewards. However, the extent to which there is overlap between the networks that process natural and drug rewards and whether DA signaling associated with cocaine abuse influences these networks have not been investigated in humans. We measured brain activation responses to food and cocaine cues with fMRI, and D2/D3 receptors in the striatum with [11C]raclopride and Positron emission tomography in 20 active cocaine abusers. Compared to neutral cues, food and cocaine cues increasingly engaged cerebellum, orbitofrontal, inferior frontal, and premotor cortices and insula and disengaged cuneus and default mode network (DMN). These fMRI signals were proportional to striatal D2/D3 receptors. Surprisingly cocaine and food cues also deactivated ventral striatum and hypothalamus. Compared to food cues, cocaine cues produced lower activation in insula and postcentral gyrus, and less deactivation in hypothalamus and DMN regions. Activation in cortical regions and cerebellum increased in proportion to the valence of the cues, and activation to food cues in somatosensory and orbitofrontal cortices also increased in proportion to body mass. Longer exposure to cocaine was associated with lower activation to both cues in occipital cortex and cerebellum, which could reflect the decreases in D2/D3 receptors associated with chronicity. These findings show that cocaine cues activate similar, though not identical, pathways to those activated by food cues and that striatal D2/D3 receptors modulate these responses, suggesting that chronic cocaine exposure might influence brain sensitivity not just to drugs but also to food cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dardo Tomasi
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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44
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Kishore A, Popa T. Cerebellum in levodopa-induced dyskinesias: the unusual suspect in the motor network. Front Neurol 2014; 5:157. [PMID: 25183959 PMCID: PMC4135237 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2014.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The exact mechanisms that generate levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LID) during chronic levodopa therapy for Parkinson’s disease (PD) are not yet fully established. The most widely accepted theories incriminate the non-physiological synthesis, release and reuptake of dopamine generated by exogenously administered levodopa in the striatum, and the aberrant plasticity in the cortico-striatal loops. However, normal motor performance requires the correct recruitment of motor maps. This depends on a high level of synergy within the primary motor cortex (M1) as well as between M1 and other cortical and subcortical areas, for which dopamine is necessary. The plastic mechanisms within M1, which are crucial for the maintenance of this synergy, are disrupted both during “OFF” and dyskinetic states in PD. When tested without levodopa, dyskinetic patients show loss of treatment benefits on long-term potentiation and long-term depression-like plasticity of the intracortical circuits. When tested with the regular pulsatile levodopa doses, they show further impairment of the M1 plasticity, such as inability to depotentiate an already facilitated synapse and paradoxical facilitation in response to afferent input aimed at synaptic inhibition. Dyskinetic patients have also severe impairment of the associative, sensorimotor plasticity of M1 attributed to deficient cerebellar modulation of sensory afferents to M1. Here, we review the anatomical and functional studies, including the recently described bidirectional connections between the cerebellum and the basal ganglia that support a key role of the cerebellum in the generation of LID. This model stipulates that aberrant neuronal synchrony in PD with LID may propagate from the subthalamic nucleus to the cerebellum and “lock” the cerebellar cortex in a hyperactive state. This could affect critical cerebellar functions such as the dynamic and discrete modulation of M1 plasticity and the matching of motor commands with sensory information from the environment during motor performance. We propose that in dyskinesias, M1 neurons have lost the ability to depotentiate an activated synapse when exposed to acute pulsatile, non-physiological, dopaminergic surges and become abnormally receptive to unfiltered, aberrant, and non-salient afferent inputs from the environment. The motor program selection in response to such non-salient and behaviorally irrelevant afferent inputs would be abnormal and involuntary. The motor responses are worsened by the lack of normal subcortico–cortical inputs from cerebellum and basal ganglia, because of the aberrant plasticity at their own synapses. Artificial cerebellar stimulation might help re-establish the cerebellar and basal ganglia control over the non-salient inputs to the motor areas during synaptic dopaminergic surges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Kishore
- Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Care Centre for Movement Disorders, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology , Kerala , India
| | - Traian Popa
- Centre de Neuroimagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelleepiniere (ICM) , Paris , France
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Ding S, Huang W, Ye Y, Yang J, Hu J, Wang X, Liu L, Lu Q, Lin Y. Elevated intracranial dopamine impairs the glutamate‑nitric oxide‑cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway in cortical astrocytes in rats with minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:1215-24. [PMID: 25059564 PMCID: PMC4121426 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In a previous study by our group memory impairment in rats with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) was associated with the inhibition of the glutamate-nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (Glu-NO-cGMP) pathway due to elevated dopamine (DA). However, the effects of DA on the Glu-NO-cGMP pathway localized in primary cortical astrocytes (PCAs) had not been elucidated in rats with MHE. In the present study, it was identified that when the levels of DA in the cerebral cortex of rats with MHE and high-dose DA (3 mg/kg)-treated rats were increased, the co-localization of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors subunit 1 (NMDAR1), calmodulin (CaM), nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) and cyclic guanine monophosphate (cGMP) with the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker protein of astrocytes, all significantly decreased, in both the MHE and high-dose DA-treated rats (P<0.01). Furthermore, NMDA-induced augmentation of the expression of NMDAR1, CaM, nNOS, sGC and cGMP localized in PCAs was decreased in MHE and DA-treated rats, as compared with the controls. Chronic exposure of cultured cerebral cortex PCAs to DA treatment induced a dose-dependent decrease in the concentration of intracellular calcium, nitrites and nitrates, the formation of cGMP and the expression of NMDAR1, CaM, nNOS and sGC/cGMP. High doses of DA (50 μM) significantly reduced NMDA-induced augmentation of the formation of cGMP and the contents of NMDAR1, CaM, nNOS, sGC and cGMP (P<0.01). These results suggest that the suppression of DA on the Glu-NO-cGMP pathway localized in PCAs contributes to memory impairment in rats with MHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saidan Ding
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disease Research, Department of Surgery Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Weilong Huang
- Neurosurgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yiru Ye
- Department of Computer, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Jianjing Yang
- Neurosurgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Jiangnan Hu
- Neurosurgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Neurosurgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Leping Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disease Research, Department of Surgery Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Qin Lu
- Neurosurgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yuanshao Lin
- First Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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Verrico CD, Haile CN, Newton TF, Kosten TR, De La Garza R, De La Garza R. Pharmacotherapeutics for substance-use disorders: a focus on dopaminergic medications. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2013; 22:1549-68. [PMID: 24033127 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2013.836488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Illicit substance-use is a substantial public health concern, contributing over $150 billion in costs annually to Americans. A complex disease, a substance-use disorder affects neural circuits involved in reinforcement, motivation, learning and memory, and inhibitory control. AREAS COVERED The modulatory influence of dopamine in mesocorticolimbic circuits contributes to encoding the primary reinforcing effects of substances and numerous studies suggest that aberrant signaling within these circuits contributes to the development of a substance-use disorder in some individuals. Decades of research focused on the clinical development of medications that directly target dopamine receptors has led to recent studies of agonist-like dopaminergic treatments for stimulant-use disorders and, more recently, cannabis-use disorder. Human studies evaluating the efficacy of dopaminergic agonist-like medications to reduce reinforcing effects and substance-use provide some insight into the design of future pharmacotherapy trials. A search of PubMed using specific brain regions, medications, and/or the terms 'dopamine', 'cognition', 'reinforcement', 'cocaine', 'methamphetamine', 'amphetamine', 'cannabis', 'treatment/pharmacotherapy', 'addiction/abuse/dependence' identified articles relevant to this review. EXPERT OPINION Conceptualization of substance-use disorders and their treatment continues to evolve. Current efforts increasingly focus on a strategy fostering combination pharmacotherapies that target multiple neurotransmitter systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Verrico
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine , One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030-3411 , USA
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Wei W, Li L, Yu G, Ding S, Li C, Zhou FM. Supersensitive presynaptic dopamine D2 receptor inhibition of the striatopallidal projection in nigrostriatal dopamine-deficient mice. J Neurophysiol 2013; 110:2203-16. [PMID: 23945778 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00161.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The dopamine (DA) D2 receptor (D2R)-expressing medium spiny neurons (D2-MSNs) in the striatum project to and inhibit the GABAergic neurons in the globus pallidus (GP), forming an important link in the indirect pathway of the basal ganglia movement control circuit. These striatopallidal axon terminals express presynaptic D2Rs that inhibit GABA release and thus regulate basal ganglion function. Here we show that in transcription factor Pitx3 gene mutant mice with a severe DA loss in the dorsal striatum mimicking the DA denervation in Parkinson's disease (PD), the striatopallidal GABAergic synaptic transmission displayed a heightened sensitivity to presynaptic D2R-mediated inhibition with the dose-response curve shifted to the left, although the maximal inhibition was not changed. Functionally, low concentrations of DA were able to more efficaciously reduce the striatopallidal inhibition-induced pauses of GP neuron activity in DA-deficient Pitx3 mutant mice than in wild-type mice. These results demonstrate that presynaptic D2R inhibition of the striatopallidal synapse becomes supersensitized after DA loss. These supersensitive D2Rs may compensate for the lost DA in PD and also induce a strong disinhibition of GP neuron activity that may contribute to the motor-stimulating effects of dopaminergic treatments in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; and
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Cell-type specific increases in female hamster nucleus accumbens spine density following female sexual experience. Brain Struct Funct 2013; 219:2071-81. [PMID: 23934655 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-013-0624-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Female sexual behavior is an established model of a naturally motivated behavior which is regulated by activity within the mesolimbic dopamine system. Repeated activation of the mesolimbic circuit by female sexual behavior elevates dopamine release and produces persistent postsynaptic alterations to dopamine D1 receptor signaling within the nucleus accumbens. Here we demonstrate that sexual experience in female Syrian hamsters significantly increases spine density and alters morphology selectively in D1 receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons within the nucleus accumbens core, with no corresponding change in dopamine receptor binding or protein expression. Our findings demonstrate that previous life experience with a naturally motivated behavior has the capacity to induce persistent structural alterations to the mesolimbic circuit that can increase reproductive success and are analogous to the persistent structural changes following repeated exposure to many drugs of abuse.
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