1
|
Peng L, Wang T. Histamine synthesis and transport are coupled in axon terminals via a dual quality control system. EMBO J 2024:10.1038/s44318-024-00223-0. [PMID: 39242788 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00223-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Monoamine neurotransmitters generated by de novo synthesis are rapidly transported and stored into synaptic vesicles at axon terminals. This transport is essential both for sustaining synaptic transmission and for limiting the toxic effects of monoamines. Here, synthesis of the monoamine histamine by histidine decarboxylase (HDC) and subsequent loading of histamine into synaptic vesicles are shown to be physically and functionally coupled within Drosophila photoreceptor terminals. This process requires HDC anchoring to synaptic vesicles via interactions with N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein 1 (NSF1). Disassociating HDC from synaptic vesicles disrupts visual synaptic transmission and causes somatic accumulation of histamine, which leads to retinal degeneration. We further identified a proteasome degradation system mediated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase, purity of essence (POE), which clears mislocalized HDC from the soma, thus eliminating the cytotoxic effects of histamine. Taken together, our results reveal a dual mechanism for translocation and degradation of HDC that ensures restriction of histamine synthesis to axonal terminals and at the same time rapid loading into synaptic vesicles. This is crucial for sustaining neurotransmission and protecting against cytotoxic monoamines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Peng
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Z, He W, Fu L, Cheng H, Lin C, Dong X, Liu C. Detoxification and neurotransmitter clearance drive the recovery of Arma chinensis from β-cypermethrin-triggered knockdown. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135175. [PMID: 39002489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Natural enemies of arthropods contribute considerably to agriculture by suppressing pests, particularly when combined with chemical control. Studies show that insect recovery after insecticide application is rare. Here, we discovered the recovery of the predatory bug Arma chinensis from knockdown following the application of β-cypermethrin but not five other insecticides. A. chinensis individuals were more tolerant to β-cypermethrin than lepidopteran and coleopteran larvae, which did not recover from knockdown. We assessed A. chinensis recovery by monitoring their respiration and tracking locomotion through the entire process. We identified and verified the trans-regulation of detoxifying genes, including those encoding cytochrome P450s and α/β-hydrolase, which confer recovery from β-cypermethrin exposure in A. chinensis, by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). Furthermore, we discovered a novel mechanism, the neurotransmitter clearance, in vivo during the recovery process, by which the insect initiated the removal of excessive dopamine with a degrading enzyme ebony. Overall, these results provide mechanistic insights into the detoxification and neurotransmitter clearance that jointly drive insect recovery from insecticide exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Sino-American Biological Control Laboratory, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenjie He
- Sino-American Biological Control Laboratory, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Luyao Fu
- Sino-American Biological Control Laboratory, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongmei Cheng
- Sino-American Biological Control Laboratory, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Changjin Lin
- Sino-American Biological Control Laboratory, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaolin Dong
- Department of Entomology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Chenxi Liu
- Sino-American Biological Control Laboratory, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Volonté C, Liguori F, Amadio S. A Closer Look at Histamine in Drosophila. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4449. [PMID: 38674034 PMCID: PMC11050612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The present work intends to provide a closer look at histamine in Drosophila. This choice is motivated firstly because Drosophila has proven over the years to be a very simple, but powerful, model organism abundantly assisting scientists in explaining not only normal functions, but also derangements that occur in higher organisms, not excluding humans. Secondly, because histamine has been demonstrated to be a pleiotropic master molecule in pharmacology and immunology, with increasingly recognized roles also in the nervous system. Indeed, it interacts with various neurotransmitters and controls functions such as learning, memory, circadian rhythm, satiety, energy balance, nociception, and motor circuits, not excluding several pathological conditions. In view of this, our review is focused on the knowledge that the use of Drosophila has added to the already vast histaminergic field. In particular, we have described histamine's actions on photoreceptors sustaining the visual system and synchronizing circadian rhythms, but also on temperature preference, courtship behavior, and mechanosensory transmission. In addition, we have highlighted the pathophysiological consequences of mutations on genes involved in histamine metabolism and signaling. By promoting critical discussion and further research, our aim is to emphasize and renew the importance of histaminergic research in biomedicine through the exploitation of Drosophila, hopefully extending the scientific debate to the academic, industry, and general public audiences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Volonté
- National Research Council, Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science “A. Ruberti”, Via Dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Experimental Neuroscience and Neurological Disease Models, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Via Del Fosso di Fiorano 65, 00143 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Liguori
- National Research Council, Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science “A. Ruberti”, Via Dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Experimental Neuroscience and Neurological Disease Models, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Via Del Fosso di Fiorano 65, 00143 Rome, Italy;
| | - Susanna Amadio
- Experimental Neuroscience and Neurological Disease Models, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Via Del Fosso di Fiorano 65, 00143 Rome, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Platt AJ, Padrick S, Ma AT, Beld J. A dissected non-ribosomal peptide synthetase maintains activity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2024; 1872:140972. [PMID: 37951518 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2023.140972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) generate chemically complex compounds and their modular architecture suggests that changing their domain organization can predictably alter their products. Ebony, a small three-domain NRPS, catalyzes the formation of β-alanine containing amides from biogenic amines. To examine the necessity of interdomain interactions, we modeled and docked domains of Ebony to reveal potential interfaces between them. Testing the same domain combinations in vitro showed that 8 % of activity was preserved after Ebony was dissected into a di-domain and a detached C-terminal domain, suggesting that sufficient interaction was maintained after dissection. Our work creates a model to identify domain interfaces necessary for catalysis, an important step toward utilizing Ebony as a combinatorial engineering platform for novel amides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Platt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Center for Advanced Microbial Processing, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shae Padrick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N 15(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Amy T Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Center for Advanced Microbial Processing, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joris Beld
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Center for Advanced Microbial Processing, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
El Kholy S, Al Naggar Y. Insights into the mechanism of histamine synthesis and recycling disruption induced by exposure to CdO NPs in the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:83376-83387. [PMID: 37340164 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28211-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to a sublethal concentration of CdO nanoparticles impairs the vision of the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) by disrupting histamine (HA) synthesis and recycling mechanisms. To gain more insights, we measured HA titer using HPLC in CdO NP-treated vs. non-treated adults in the current study and found that CdO NPs caused an increase in the level of HA in the head and the decapitated body. We asked whether HA accumulation (increase) is a response of photoreceptors or CNS histaminergic neurons, and whether there is any difference in the expression levels of HA recycling and transport encoding genes (Lovit, CarT, Ebony, Tan, BalaT) between the adult fly head and decapitated body that could explain this HA accumulation. We used GAL4/UAS system tool with three GAL4 drivers: ubiquitous tubP-GAL4, nervous system driver (elav Gal4), and compound eye drivers (sev Gal4 and GMR Gal4) to silence HA synthesis in site specific manner followed by detecting the expression level of genes involved in HA recycling and transport in both the heads and the decapitated bodies of CdO treated and non-treated flies. We found an increase in Lovit expression in the heads of treated adults, which is responsible for HA loading into synaptic vesicles and release from photoreceptors, as well as a decrease in catalytic enzymes involved in HA recycling, which leads to HA accumulation without increasing the real signal. To conclude, both photoreceptors and CNS histaminergic neurons are responsible for the increase in HA in CdO NP-treated flies, but through different mechanisms. Our results provide more insights on the underlying molecular mechanism of vision impairment because of nano-sized cadmium particles exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samar El Kholy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Yahya Al Naggar
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pantalia M, Lin Z, Tener SJ, Qiao B, Tang G, Ulgherait M, O'Connor R, Delventhal R, Volpi J, Syed S, Itzhak N, Canman JC, Fernández MP, Shirasu-Hiza M. Drosophila mutants lacking the glial neurotransmitter-modifying enzyme Ebony exhibit low neurotransmitter levels and altered behavior. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10411. [PMID: 37369755 PMCID: PMC10300103 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36558-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of enzymes that inactivate amine neurotransmitters (dopamine, serotonin), such as catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and monoamine oxidase (MAO), are thought to increase neurotransmitter levels and are widely used to treat Parkinson's disease and psychiatric disorders, yet the role of these enzymes in regulating behavior remains unclear. Here, we investigated the genetic loss of a similar enzyme in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. Because the enzyme Ebony modifies and inactivates amine neurotransmitters, its loss is assumed to increase neurotransmitter levels, increasing behaviors such as aggression and courtship and decreasing sleep. Indeed, ebony mutants have been described since 1960 as "aggressive mutants," though this behavior has not been quantified. Using automated machine learning-based analyses, we quantitatively confirmed that ebony mutants exhibited increased aggressive behaviors such as boxing but also decreased courtship behaviors and increased sleep. Through tissue-specific knockdown, we found that ebony's role in these behaviors was specific to glia. Unexpectedly, direct measurement of amine neurotransmitters in ebony brains revealed that their levels were not increased but reduced. Thus, increased aggression is the anomalous behavior for this neurotransmitter profile. We further found that ebony mutants exhibited increased aggression only when fighting each other, not when fighting wild-type controls. Moreover, fights between ebony mutants were less likely to end with a clear winner than fights between controls or fights between ebony mutants and controls. In ebony vs. control fights, ebony mutants were more likely to win. Together, these results suggest that ebony mutants exhibit prolonged aggressive behavior only in a specific context, with an equally dominant opponent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Pantalia
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Zhi Lin
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Samantha J Tener
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Bing Qiao
- Department of Physics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Grace Tang
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Barnard College, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Matthew Ulgherait
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Reed O'Connor
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | | | - Julia Volpi
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Sheyum Syed
- Department of Physics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Nissim Itzhak
- Division of Human Genetics and Metabolic Disease, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Julie C Canman
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - María Paz Fernández
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Barnard College, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Mimi Shirasu-Hiza
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
El Kholy S, Al Naggar Y. Exposure to a sublethal concentration of CdO nanoparticles impairs the vision of the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) by disrupting histamine synthesis and recycling mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:27936-27947. [PMID: 36394804 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24034-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
While there is substantial literature on potential risks associated with exposure to emerging nanomaterials, less is known about the potential effects of hazardous metallic nanoparticles on vision, as well as the mechanisms that underpin them. The fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) was used as an in vivo model organism to investigate the effects of exposure to a sublethal concentration (0.03 mg CdO NPs/mL, which was 20% of the LC50) on fly vision and compound eye ultrastructure. First, we observed a reduction in phototaxis response in treated flies but no change in locomotor activity. Because histamine (HA) has been linked to arthropod vision, we investigated HA synthesis, uptake, and recycling as a possible underlying mechanism for the observed adverse effect of CdO NPs on fly vision. This was accomplished by measuring the expression of the histamine decarboxylase (hdc) gene, which encodes the enzyme that converts the amino acid histidine to histamine (HA), as well as the expression of some genes involved in HA-recycling pathways (tan, ebony, Balat, CarT, and Lovit). The results showed that CdO NPs changed the expression levels of hdc, Lovit, tan, and eboney, indicating that HA synthesis, transport, and recycling were disrupted. Furthermore, less histamine immunolabeling was found in the head tissues of CdO NP-treated flies, particularly in the optic lobes. We also observed and quantified CdO NP bioaccumulation in compound eye tissues, which resulted in a number of cytological changes. Phenotypic effects (undersized eyes) have also been observed in the compound eyes of F1 flies. Considering the significance of vision in an organism's survival, the findings of this study are extremely crucial, as long-term exposure to CdO NPs may result in blindness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samar El Kholy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Yahya Al Naggar
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abdelmawla A, Yang C, Li X, Li M, Li CL, Liu YB, He XJ, Zeng ZJ. Feeding Asian honeybee queens with European honeybee royal jelly alters body color and expression of related coding and non-coding RNAs. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1073625. [PMID: 36776963 PMCID: PMC9908965 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1073625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: The Asian honeybee (Apis cerana) and the European honeybee (Apis mellifera) are reproductively isolated. Previous studies reported that exchanging the larval food between the two species, known as nutritional crossbreeding, resulted in obvious changes in morphology, physiology and behavior. This study explored the molecular mechanisms underlying the honeybee nutritional crossbreeding. Methods: This study used full nutritional crossbreeding technology to rear A. cerana queens by feeding them with an A. mellifera royal jelly-based diet in an incubator. The body color and the expression of certain genes, microRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA among nutritional crossbred A. cerana queens (NQ), and control A. cerana queens (CQ) were compared. The biological functions of two target genes, TPH1 and KMO, were verified using RNA interference. Results: Our results showed that the NQ's body color turned yellow compared to the black control queens. Whole transcriptome sequencing results showed that a total of 1484, 311, 92, and 169 DEGs, DElncRNAs, DEmiRNAs, and DEcircRNAs, respectively, were identified in NQ and CQ, in which seven DEGs were enriched for three key pathways (tryptophan, tyrosine, and dopamine) involved in melanin synthesis. Interestingly, eight DElncRNAs and three DEmiRNAs were enriched into the key pathways regulating the above key DEGs. No circRNAs were enriched into these key pathways. Knocking down two key genes (KMO and TPH1) resulted in altered body color, suggesting that feeding NQ's an RNAi-based diet significantly downregulated the expression of TPH1 and KMO in 4-day-old larvae, which confirmed the function of key DEGs in the regulation of honeybee body color. Conclusion: These findings reveal that the larval diets from A. mellifera could change the body color of A. cerana, perhaps by altering the expression of non-coding RNAs and related key genes. This study serves as a model of epigenetic regulation in insect body color induced by environmental factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amal Abdelmawla
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China,Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Chen Yang
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin Li
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mang Li
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chang Long Li
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yi Bo Liu
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xu Jiang He
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Bee Keeping, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,*Correspondence: Xu Jiang He, ; Zhi Jiang Zeng,
| | - Zhi Jiang Zeng
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Bee Keeping, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,*Correspondence: Xu Jiang He, ; Zhi Jiang Zeng,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rosikon KD, Bone MC, Lawal HO. Regulation and modulation of biogenic amine neurotransmission in Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Physiol 2023; 14:970405. [PMID: 36875033 PMCID: PMC9978017 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.970405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitters are crucial for the relay of signals between neurons and their target. Monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), and histamine are found in both invertebrates and mammals and are known to control key physiological aspects in health and disease. Others, such as octopamine (OA) and tyramine (TA), are abundant in invertebrates. TA is expressed in both Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster and plays important roles in the regulation of essential life functions in each organism. OA and TA are thought to act as the mammalian homologs of epinephrine and norepinephrine respectively, and when triggered, they act in response to the various stressors in the fight-or-flight response. 5-HT regulates a wide range of behaviors in C. elegans including egg-laying, male mating, locomotion, and pharyngeal pumping. 5-HT acts predominantly through its receptors, of which various classes have been described in both flies and worms. The adult brain of Drosophila is composed of approximately 80 serotonergic neurons, which are involved in modulation of circadian rhythm, feeding, aggression, and long-term memory formation. DA is a major monoamine neurotransmitter that mediates a variety of critical organismal functions and is essential for synaptic transmission in invertebrates as it is in mammals, in which it is also a precursor for the synthesis of adrenaline and noradrenaline. In C. elegans and Drosophila as in mammals, DA receptors play critical roles and are generally grouped into two classes, D1-like and D2-like based on their predicted coupling to downstream G proteins. Drosophila uses histamine as a neurotransmitter in photoreceptors as well as a small number of neurons in the CNS. C. elegans does not use histamine as a neurotransmitter. Here, we review the comprehensive set of known amine neurotransmitters found in invertebrates, and discuss their biological and modulatory functions using the vast literature on both Drosophila and C. elegans. We also suggest the potential interactions between aminergic neurotransmitters systems in the modulation of neurophysiological activity and behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna D Rosikon
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, United States
| | - Megan C Bone
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, United States
| | - Hakeem O Lawal
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xie J, Han Y, Liang Y, Peng L, Wang T. Drosophila HisT is a specific histamine transporter that contributes to histamine recycling in glia. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq1780. [PMID: 36288320 PMCID: PMC9604546 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq1780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Histamine is an important monoamine neurotransmitter that regulates multiple physiological activities in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Clearance and recycling of histamine are critical for sustaining histaminergic transmission. However, unlike other monoamine neurotransmitters, a histamine-specific transporter capable of clearing histamine from the synaptic cleft has not been identified. Here, through an in vitro histamine uptake screening, we identified an epithelial glia-expressing transporter, HisT (Histamine Transporter), that specifically transports histamine into cells. HisT misexpression in both pre- and postsynaptic neurons revealed a critical in vivo role for HisT in histamine transport and synaptic transmission. Last, we generated null hist alleles and demonstrated key physiological roles of HisT in maintaining histamine pools and sustaining visual transmission when the de novo synthesis of histamine synthesis was reduced. Our work identifies the first transporter that specifically recycles histamine and further indicates that the histamine clearance pathway may involve both the uptake-1 and uptake-2 transport systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xie
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yongchao Han
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yufeng Liang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lei Peng
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tao Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen R, Wang J, Gradinaru I, Vu HS, Geboers S, Naidoo J, Ready JM, Williams NS, DeBerardinis RJ, Ross EM, Collins JJ. A male-derived nonribosomal peptide pheromone controls female schistosome development. Cell 2022; 185:1506-1520.e17. [PMID: 35385687 PMCID: PMC9058237 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomes cause morbidity and death throughout the developing world due to the massive numbers of eggs female worms deposit into the blood of their host. Studies dating back to the 1920s show that female schistosomes rely on constant physical contact with a male worm both to become and remain sexually mature; however, the molecular details governing this process remain elusive. Here, we uncover a nonribosomal peptide synthetase that is induced in male worms upon pairing with a female and find that it is essential for the ability of male worms to stimulate female development. We demonstrate that this enzyme generates β-alanyl-tryptamine that is released by paired male worms. Furthermore, synthetic β-alanyl-tryptamine can replace male worms to stimulate female sexual development and egg laying. These data reveal that peptide-based pheromone signaling controls female schistosome sexual maturation, suggesting avenues for therapeutic intervention and uncovering a role for nonribosomal peptides as metazoan signaling molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jipeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Irina Gradinaru
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hieu S Vu
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sophie Geboers
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jacinth Naidoo
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Joseph M Ready
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Noelle S Williams
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Elliott M Ross
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - James J Collins
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Han Y, Peng L, Wang T. Tadr Is an axonal histidine transporter required for visual neurotransmission in Drosophila. eLife 2022; 11:75821. [PMID: 35229720 PMCID: PMC8916773 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitters are generated by de novo synthesis and are essential for sustained, high-frequency synaptic transmission. Histamine, a monoamine neurotransmitter, is synthesized through decarboxylation of histidine by Histidine decarboxylase (Hdc). However, little is known about how histidine is presented to Hdc as a precursor. Here, we identified a specific histidine transporter, TADR (Torn And Diminished Rhabdomeres), which is required for visual transmission in Drosophila. Both TADR and Hdc localized to neuronal terminals, and mutations in tadr reduced levels of histamine, thus disrupting visual synaptic transmission and phototaxis behavior. These results demonstrate that a specific amino acid transporter provides precursors for monoamine neurotransmitters, providing the first genetic evidence that a histidine amino acid transporter plays a critical role in synaptic transmission. These results suggest that TADR-dependent local de novo synthesis of histamine is required for synaptic transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Han
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Peng
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang Y, Wang XX, Feng ZJ, Tian HG, Feng Y, Liu TX. Aspartate-β-alanine-NBAD pathway regulates pupal melanin pigmentation plasticity of ladybird Harmonia axyridis. INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:1651-1663. [PMID: 33063466 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity is observed in many animal species and it is effective for them to cope with many types of environmental threats. The multicolored Asian ladybird Harmonia axyridis shows a cuticular pigmentation plasticity that can be rapidly induced by temperature changes, and in the form of changeable melanin spot patterns to adjust heat-absorbing. Here, H. axyridis with thermal stimulation were selected for determining the molecular regulations behind it. First, we confirmed the melanin level changes of H. axyridis pupa could be induced by temperature, and then screened the efficient time window for thermal sensing of H. axyridis pre-pupa; it is suggested that the late stage of pre-pupa (late stage of 4th instar larva) is the critical period to sense thermal signals and adjust its pupal melanin spot area size to adapt to upcoming thermal conditions. The Ha-ADC (aspartate decarboxylase) and Ha-ebony (NBAD synthase) of aspartate-β-alanine-NBAD pathway were then proved in regulation of cuticular melanization for pupa through RNA interference experiments; knockdown of these two genes enlarged the melanin spot size. Finally, we designed a random injection of Ha-ADC at different pre-pupal stages, to further study the regulation window during this process. Combined with all evidence observed, we suggested the spot size determination can be regulated very close to the time point of pupation, and genes of the aspartate-β-alanine-NBAD pathway play an important role at the molecular level. In brief, H. axyridis exhibits a flexible active physiological regulation through transcriptional modification to thermal changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xing-Xing Wang
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhu-Jun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Hong-Gang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Tong-Xian Liu
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cooley AM, Schmitz S, Cabrera EJ, Cutter M, Sheffield M, Gingerich I, Thomas G, Lincoln CNM, Moore VH, Moore AE, Davidson SA, Lonberg N, Fournier EB, Love SM, Posch G, Bihrle MB, Mayer SD, Om K, Wilson L, Doe CQ, Vincent CE, Wong ERT, Wall I, Wicks J, Roberts S. Melanic pigmentation and light preference within and between two Drosophila species. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:12542-12553. [PMID: 34594519 PMCID: PMC8462139 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental adaptation and species divergence often involve suites of co-evolving traits. Pigmentation in insects presents a variable, adaptive, and well-characterized class of phenotypes for which correlations with multiple other traits have been demonstrated. In Drosophila, the pigmentation genes ebony and tan have pleiotropic effects on flies' response to light, creating the potential for correlated evolution of pigmentation and vision. Here, we investigate differences in light preference within and between two sister species, Drosophila americana and D. novamexicana, which differ in pigmentation in part because of evolution at ebony and tan and occupy environments that differ in many variables including solar radiation. We hypothesized that lighter pigmentation would be correlated with a greater preference for environmental light and tested this hypothesis using a habitat choice experiment. In a first set of experiments, using males of D. novamexicana line N14 and D. americana line A00, the light-bodied D. novamexicana was found slightly but significantly more often than D. americana in the light habitat. A second experiment, which included additional lines and females as well as males, failed to find any significant difference between D. novamexicana-N14 and D. americana-A00. Additionally, the other dark line of D. americana (A04) was found in the light habitat more often than the light-bodied D. novamexicana-N14, in contrast to our predictions. However, the lightest line of D. americana, A01, was found substantially and significantly more often in the light habitat than the two darker lines of D. americana, thus providing partial support for our hypothesis. Finally, across all four lines, females were found more often in the light habitat than their more darkly pigmented male counterparts. Additional replication is needed to corroborate these findings and evaluate conflicting results, with the consistent effect of sex within and between species providing an especially intriguing avenue for further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Galen Posch
- Biology DepartmentWhitman CollegeWalla WallaWAUSA
| | | | | | - Kuenzang Om
- Biology DepartmentWhitman CollegeWalla WallaWAUSA
| | | | - Casey Q. Doe
- Biology DepartmentWhitman CollegeWalla WallaWAUSA
| | | | | | - Ilona Wall
- Biology DepartmentWhitman CollegeWalla WallaWAUSA
| | - Jarred Wicks
- Biology DepartmentWhitman CollegeWalla WallaWAUSA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Carthy E, Ellender T. Histamine, Neuroinflammation and Neurodevelopment: A Review. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:680214. [PMID: 34335160 PMCID: PMC8317266 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.680214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The biogenic amine, histamine, has been shown to critically modulate inflammatory processes as well as the properties of neurons and synapses in the brain, and is also implicated in the emergence of neurodevelopmental disorders. Indeed, a reduction in the synthesis of this neuromodulator has been associated with the disorders Tourette's syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder, with evidence that this may be through the disruption of the corticostriatal circuitry during development. Furthermore, neuroinflammation has been associated with alterations in brain development, e.g., impacting synaptic plasticity and synaptogenesis, and there are suggestions that histamine deficiency may leave the developing brain more vulnerable to proinflammatory insults. While most studies have focused on neuronal sources of histamine it remains unclear to what extent other (non-neuronal) sources of histamine, e.g., from mast cells and other sources, can impact brain development. The few studies that have started exploring this in vitro, and more limited in vivo, would indicate that non-neuronal released histamine and other preformed mediators can influence microglial-mediated neuroinflammation which can impact brain development. In this Review we will summarize the state of the field with regard to non-neuronal sources of histamine and its impact on both neuroinflammation and brain development in key neural circuits that underpin neurodevelopmental disorders. We will also discuss whether histamine receptor modulators have been efficacious in the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders in both preclinical and clinical studies. This could represent an important area of future research as early modulation of histamine from neuronal as well as non-neuronal sources may provide novel therapeutic targets in these disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elliott Carthy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tommas Ellender
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Vesicular neurotransmitter transporters in Drosophila melanogaster. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183308. [PMID: 32305263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster express vesicular transporters for the storage of neurotransmitters acetylcholine, biogenic amines, GABA, and glutamate. The large array of powerful molecular-genetic tools available in Drosophila enhances the use of this model organism for studying transporter function and regulation.
Collapse
|
17
|
Mazzotta GM, Damulewicz M, Cusumano P. Better Sleep at Night: How Light Influences Sleep in Drosophila. Front Physiol 2020; 11:997. [PMID: 33013437 PMCID: PMC7498665 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep-like states have been described in Drosophila and the mechanisms and factors that generate and define sleep-wake profiles in this model organism are being thoroughly investigated. Sleep is controlled by both circadian and homeostatic mechanisms, and environmental factors such as light, temperature, and social stimuli are fundamental in shaping and confining sleep episodes into the correct time of the day. Among environmental cues, light seems to have a prominent function in modulating the timing of sleep during the 24 h and, in this review, we will discuss the role of light inputs in modulating the distribution of the fly sleep-wake cycles. This phenomenon is of growing interest in the modern society, where artificial light exposure during the night is a common trait, opening the possibility to study Drosophila as a model organism for investigating shift-work disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Milena Damulewicz
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paola Cusumano
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
LOVIT Is a Putative Vesicular Histamine Transporter Required in Drosophila for Vision. Cell Rep 2020; 27:1327-1333.e3. [PMID: 31042461 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical fast neurotransmitters are loaded into synaptic vesicles and concentrated by the action of a specific vesicular transporter before being released from the presynaptic neuron. In Drosophila, histamine is distributed mainly in photoreceptors, where it serves as the main neurotransmitter for visual input. In a targeted RNAi screen for neurotransmitter transporters involved in concentrating photoreceptor synaptic histamine, we identified an SLC45 transporter protein, LOVIT (loss of visual transmission). LOVIT is prominently expressed in photoreceptor synaptic vesicles and is required for Drosophila visual neurotransmission. Null mutations of lovit severely reduced the concentration of histamine in photoreceptor terminals. These results demonstrate a LOVIT-dependent mechanism, maintaining the synaptic concentration of histamine, and provide evidence for a histamine vesicular transporter besides the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) family.
Collapse
|
19
|
Jackson FR, You S, Crowe LB. Regulation of rhythmic behaviors by astrocytes. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2020; 9:e372. [PMID: 31840430 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glial astrocytes of vertebrates and invertebrates are important modulators of nervous system development, physiology, and behavior. In all species examined, astrocytes of the adult brain contain conserved circadian clocks, and multiple studies have shown that these glial cells participate in the regulation of circadian behavior and sleep. This short review summarizes recent work, using fruit fly (Drosophila) and mouse models, that document participation of astrocytes and their endogenous circadian clocks in the control of rhythmic behavior. This article is categorized under: Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Regulatory Mechanisms Nervous System Development > Flies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Rob Jackson
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Samantha You
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lauren B Crowe
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang Y, Wang XX, Feng ZJ, Cong HS, Chen ZS, Li YD, Yang WM, Zhang SQ, Shen LF, Tian HG, Feng Y, Liu TX. Superficially Similar Adaptation Within One Species Exhibits Similar Morphological Specialization but Different Physiological Regulations and Origins. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:300. [PMID: 32457902 PMCID: PMC7225305 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals have developed numerous strategies to contend with environmental pressures. We observed that the same adaptation strategy may be used repeatedly by one species in response to a certain environmental challenge. The ladybird Harmonia axyridis displays thermal phenotypic plasticity at different developmental stages. It is unknown whether these superficially similar temperature-induced specializations share similar physiological mechanisms. We performed various experiments to clarify the differences and similarities between these processes. We examined changes in the numbers and sizes of melanic spots in pupae and adults, and confirmed similar patterns for both. The dopamine pathway controls pigmentation levels at both developmental stages of H. axyridis. However, the aspartate-β-alanine pathway controls spot size and number only in the pupae. An upstream regulation analysis revealed the roles of Hox genes and elytral veins in pupal and adult spot formation. Both the pupae and the adults exhibited similar morphological responses to temperatures. However, they occurred in different body parts and were regulated by different pathways. These phenotypic adaptations are indicative of an effective thermoregulatory system in H. axyridis and explains how insects contend with certain environmental pressure based on various control mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tong-Xian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Massey JH, Chung D, Siwanowicz I, Stern DL, Wittkopp PJ. The yellow gene influences Drosophila male mating success through sex comb melanization. eLife 2019; 8:e49388. [PMID: 31612860 PMCID: PMC6794089 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster males perform a series of courtship behaviors that, when successful, result in copulation with a female. For over a century, mutations in the yellow gene, named for its effects on pigmentation, have been known to reduce male mating success. Prior work has suggested that yellow influences mating behavior through effects on wing extension, song, and/or courtship vigor. Here, we rule out these explanations, as well as effects on the nervous system more generally, and find instead that the effects of yellow on male mating success are mediated by its effects on pigmentation of male-specific leg structures called sex combs. Loss of yellow expression in these modified bristles reduces their melanization, which changes their structure and causes difficulty grasping females prior to copulation. These data illustrate why the mechanical properties of anatomy, not just neural circuitry, must be considered to fully understand the development and evolution of behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Massey
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Daayun Chung
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Igor Siwanowicz
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - David L Stern
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Patricia J Wittkopp
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental BiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Aumer D, Stolle E, Allsopp M, Mumoki F, Pirk CWW, Moritz RFA. A Single SNP Turns a Social Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Worker into a Selfish Parasite. Mol Biol Evol 2019; 36:516-526. [PMID: 30624681 PMCID: PMC6389321 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msy232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of altruism in complex insect societies is arguably one of the major transitions in evolution and inclusive fitness theory plausibly explains why this is an evolutionary stable strategy. Yet, workers of the South African Cape honey bee (Apis mellifera capensis) can reverse to selfish behavior by becoming social parasites and parthenogenetically producing female offspring (thelytoky). Using a joint mapping and population genomics approach, in combination with a time-course transcript abundance dynamics analysis, we show that a single nucleotide polymorphism at the mapped thelytoky locus (Th) is associated with the iconic thelytokous phenotype. Th forms a linkage group with the ecdysis-triggering hormone receptor (Ethr) within a nonrecombining region under strong selection in the genome. A balanced detrimental allele system plausibly explains why the trait is specific to A. m. capensis and cannot easily establish itself into genomes of other honey bee subspecies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Aumer
- Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Saale, Germany
| | - Eckart Stolle
- Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Saale, Germany
| | - Michael Allsopp
- Honey Bee Research Section, ARC Plant Protection Research Institute, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Fiona Mumoki
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Christian W W Pirk
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Robin F A Moritz
- Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Saale, Germany
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Sericulture and Apiculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Stenesen D, Moehlman AT, Schellinger JN, Rodan AR, Krämer H. The glial sodium-potassium-2-chloride cotransporter is required for synaptic transmission in the Drosophila visual system. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2475. [PMID: 30792494 PMCID: PMC6385505 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38850-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila Ncc69 gene encodes a Na+-K+-2Cl−-cotransporter (NKCC) that is critical for regulating intra- and extracellular ionic conditions in different tissues. Here, we show that the Ncc69 transporter is necessary for fly vision and that its expression is required non-autonomously in glia to maintain visual synaptic transmission. Flies mutant for Ncc69 exhibit normal photoreceptor depolarization in response to a light pulse but lack the ON and OFF-transients characteristic of postsynaptic responses of lamina neurons, indicating a failure in synaptic transmission. We also find that synaptic transmission requires the Ncc69 regulatory kinases WNK and Fray in glia. The ERG phenotype is associated with a defect in the recycling of the histamine neurotransmitter. Ncc69 mutants exhibit higher levels of the transport metabolite carcinine in lamina cartridges, with its accumulation most intense in the extracellular space. Our work reveals a novel role of glial NKCC transporters in synaptic transmission, possibly through regulating extracellular ionic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Drew Stenesen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.,Biology Department, University of Dallas, Irving, TX, 75062, USA
| | - Andrew T Moehlman
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Schellinger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Aylin R Rodan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA. .,Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
| | - Helmut Krämer
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA. .,Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rajpurohit S, Schmidt PS. Latitudinal Pigmentation Variation Contradicts Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure: A Case Study in Tropical Indian Drosophila melanogaster. Front Physiol 2019; 10:84. [PMID: 30804808 PMCID: PMC6377395 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of ultraviolet radiation (UV) on the animal body have been reported in many studies, and melanin has emerged as a protective mechanism. In smaller insects such as Drosophila, replicated patterns of geographical variation in pigmentation have been observed on multiple continents. Such patterns are particularly pronounced on the Indian subcontinent where several species show a parallel cline in pigmentation traits. However, the potential role of UV exposure in generating the observed patterns of pigmentation variation has not been addressed. Here, we examine the association between UV intensity and body pigmentation in D. melanogaster natural populations collected along the latitudinal gradient of the Indian subcontinent. A strong negative relationship was observed between UV intensity and body pigmentation. This analysis clearly indicates that, in the sampled populations, pigmentation variation is independent of UV exposure and related selection pressures. Patterns of pigmentation in natural populations from the Indian subcontinent are better predicted by latitude itself and temperature-related climatic variables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Rajpurohit
- Division of Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Paul S Schmidt
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Drosophila melanogaster nonribosomal peptide synthetase Ebony encodes an atypical condensation domain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:2913-2918. [PMID: 30705105 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1811194116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein Ebony from Drosophila melanogaster plays a central role in the regulation of histamine and dopamine in various tissues through condensation of these amines with β-alanine. Ebony is a rare example of a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) from a higher eukaryote and contains a C-terminal sequence that does not correspond to any previously characterized NRPS domain. We have structurally characterized this C-terminal domain and have discovered that it adopts the aryl-alkylamine-N-acetyl transferase (AANAT) fold, which is unprecedented in NRPS biology. Through analysis of ligand-bound structures, activity assays, and binding measurements, we have determined how this atypical condensation domain is able to provide selectivity for both the carrier protein-bound amino acid and the amine substrates, a situation that remains unclear for standard condensation domains identified to date from NRPS assembly lines. These results demonstrate that the C terminus of Ebony encodes a eukaryotic example of an alternative type of NRPS condensation domain; they also illustrate how the catalytic components of such assembly lines are significantly more diverse than a minimal set of conserved functional domains.
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
As the nervous system evolved from the diffused to centralised form, the neurones were joined by the appearance of the supportive cells, the neuroglia. Arguably, these non-neuronal cells evolve into a more diversified cell family than the neurones are. The first ancestral neuroglia appeared in flatworms being mesenchymal in origin. In the nematode C. elegans proto-astrocytes/supportive glia of ectodermal origin emerged, albeit the ensheathment of axons by glial cells occurred later in prawns. The multilayered myelin occurred by convergent evolution of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells in vertebrates above the jawless fishes. Nutritive partitioning of the brain from the rest of the body appeared in insects when the hemolymph-brain barrier, a predecessor of the blood-brain barrier was formed. The defensive cellular mechanism required specialisation of bona fide immune cells, microglia, a process that occurred in the nervous system of leeches, bivalves, snails, insects and above. In ascending phylogeny, new type of glial cells, such as scaffolding radial glia, appeared and as the bran sizes enlarged, the glia to neurone ratio increased. Humans possess some unique glial cells not seen in other animals.
Collapse
|
27
|
Yang Y, Jackson R. Astrocyte identity: evolutionary perspectives on astrocyte functions and heterogeneity. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2018; 56:40-46. [PMID: 30529823 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The development of new animal models, in vivo isolation approaches, and improvements in genome-wide RNA expression methods have greatly propelled molecular profiling of astrocytes and the characterization of astrocyte heterogeneity in the central nervous system (CNS). Several recent reviews have comprehensively discussed the molecular and functional diversity of mammalian astrocytes. In this brief review, we emphasize interspecies comparisons and an evolutionary perspective regarding the astro(glia) of vertebrates and invertebrates which are similar in form and function. This analysis has revealed conserved astrocyte transcriptomes in the fly, mouse and human. We also offer opinions about the pattern and origin of astrocyte heterogeneity in the CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, United States; Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, 145 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, United States.
| | - Rob Jackson
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, United States; Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, 145 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Borycz J, Ziegler A, Borycz JA, Uhlenbrock G, Tapken D, Caceres L, Hollmann M, Hovemann BT, Meinertzhagen IA. Location and functions of Inebriated in the Drosophila eye. Biol Open 2018; 7:7/7/bio034926. [PMID: 30037884 PMCID: PMC6078345 DOI: 10.1242/bio.034926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine (HA) is a neurotransmitter in arthropod photoreceptors. It is recycled via conjugation to β-alanine to form β-alanylhistamine (carcinine). Conjugation occurs in epithelial glia that surround photoreceptor terminals in the first optic neuropil, and carcinine (CA) is then transported back to photoreceptors and cleaved to liberate HA and β-alanine. The gene Inebriated (Ine) encodes an Na+/Cl--dependent SLC6 family transporter translated as two protein isoforms, long (P1) and short (P2). Photoreceptors specifically express Ine-P2 whereas Ine-P1 is expressed in non-neuronal cells. Both ine1 and ine3 have significantly reduced head HA contents compared with wild type, and a smaller increase in head HA after drinking 1% CA. Similarly, uptake of 0.1% CA was reduced in ine1 and ine3 mutant synaptosomes, but increased by 90% and 84% respectively for fractions incubated in 0.05% β-Ala, compared with wild type. Screening potential substrates in Ine expressing Xenopus oocytes revealed very little response to carcinine and β-Ala but increased conductance with glycine. Both ine1 and ine3 mutant responses in light-dark phototaxis did not differ from wild-type. Collectively our results suggest that Inebriated functions in an adjunct role as a transporter to the previously reported carcinine transporter CarT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Borycz
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Anna Ziegler
- Receptor Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University of Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jolanta A Borycz
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Guido Uhlenbrock
- Receptor Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University of Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Tapken
- Receptor Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University of Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Lucia Caceres
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Michael Hollmann
- Molecular Cell Biochemistry, Ruhr University of Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Bernhard T Hovemann
- Receptor Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University of Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ian A Meinertzhagen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada .,Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Moehlman AT, Casey AK, Servage K, Orth K, Krämer H. Adaptation to constant light requires Fic-mediated AMPylation of BiP to protect against reversible photoreceptor degeneration. eLife 2018; 7:e38752. [PMID: 30015618 PMCID: PMC6066327 DOI: 10.7554/elife.38752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to environmental, developmental, and pathological stressors, cells engage homeostatic pathways to maintain their function. Among these pathways, the Unfolded Protein Response protects cells from the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER. Depending on ER stress levels, the ER-resident Fic protein catalyzes AMPylation or de-AMPylation of BiP, the major ER chaperone and regulator of the Unfolded Protein Response. This work elucidates the importance of the reversible AMPylation of BiP in maintaining the Drosophila visual system in response to stress. After 72 hr of constant light, photoreceptors of fic-null and AMPylation-resistant BiPT366A mutants, but not wild-type flies, display loss of synaptic function, disintegration of rhabdomeres, and excessive activation of ER stress reporters. Strikingly, this phenotype is reversible: photoreceptors regain their structure and function within 72 hr once returned to a standard light:dark cycle. These findings show that Fic-mediated AMPylation of BiP is required for neurons to adapt to transient stress demands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Moehlman
- Department of NeuroscienceUT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Amanda K Casey
- Department of Molecular BiologyUT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Kelly Servage
- Department of Molecular BiologyUT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Department of BiochemistryUT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteDallasUnited States
| | - Kim Orth
- Department of Molecular BiologyUT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Department of BiochemistryUT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteDallasUnited States
| | - Helmut Krämer
- Department of NeuroscienceUT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Department of Cell BiologyUT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Croset V, Treiber CD, Waddell S. Cellular diversity in the Drosophila midbrain revealed by single-cell transcriptomics. eLife 2018; 7:34550. [PMID: 29671739 PMCID: PMC5927767 DOI: 10.7554/elife.34550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the brain, molecular details need to be overlaid onto neural wiring diagrams so that synaptic mode, neuromodulation and critical signaling operations can be considered. Single-cell transcriptomics provide a unique opportunity to collect this information. Here we present an initial analysis of thousands of individual cells from Drosophila midbrain, that were acquired using Drop-Seq. A number of approaches permitted the assignment of transcriptional profiles to several major brain regions and cell-types. Expression of biosynthetic enzymes and reuptake mechanisms allows all the neurons to be typed according to the neurotransmitter or neuromodulator that they produce and presumably release. Some neuropeptides are preferentially co-expressed in neurons using a particular fast-acting transmitter, or monoamine. Neuromodulatory and neurotransmitter receptor subunit expression illustrates the potential of these molecules in generating complexity in neural circuit function. This cell atlas dataset provides an important resource to link molecular operations to brain regions and complex neural processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Croset
- Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, The University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph D Treiber
- Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, The University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Scott Waddell
- Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, The University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis and defense of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous in morphological appearance; they express a multitude of receptors, channels, and membrane transporters. This complement underlies their remarkable adaptive plasticity that defines the functional maintenance of the CNS in development and aging. Astrocytes are tightly integrated into neural networks and act within the context of neural tissue; astrocytes control homeostasis of the CNS at all levels of organization from molecular to the whole organ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Verkhratsky
- The University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Achúcarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Bilbao , Spain ; Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain ; Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark ; and Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- The University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Achúcarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Bilbao , Spain ; Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain ; Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark ; and Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Verkhratsky A, Nedergaard M. Physiology of Astroglia. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:239-389. [PMID: 29351512 PMCID: PMC6050349 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00042.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 942] [Impact Index Per Article: 157.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis and defense of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous in morphological appearance; they express a multitude of receptors, channels, and membrane transporters. This complement underlies their remarkable adaptive plasticity that defines the functional maintenance of the CNS in development and aging. Astrocytes are tightly integrated into neural networks and act within the context of neural tissue; astrocytes control homeostasis of the CNS at all levels of organization from molecular to the whole organ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Verkhratsky
- The University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Achúcarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Bilbao , Spain ; Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain ; Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark ; and Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- The University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Achúcarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Bilbao , Spain ; Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain ; Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark ; and Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Challenges in Developing a Biochip for Intact Histamine Using Commercial Antibodies. CHEMOSENSORS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors5040033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the development and the challenges in the development of an on-chip immunoassay for histamine using commercially available antibodies. Histamine can be used as an indicator of food freshness and quality, but it is also a relevant marker in clinical diagnostics. Due to its low molecular weight, simple structure and thus low immunogenicity production of high specificity and affinity antibodies is difficult. From six commercial anti-histamine antibodies tested, only two bound the histamine free in the solution. A fluorescent on-chip immunoassay for histamine was established with a dynamic range of 8–111 µg/mL using polyclonal anti-histamine antibody H7403 from Sigma (Mendota Heights, MN, USA). The anti-histamine antibodies described and used in published literature are thoroughly reviewed and the quality of commercial antibodies and their traceability and quality issues are highlighted and extensively discussed.
Collapse
|
34
|
Herrero A, Duhart JM, Ceriani MF. Neuronal and Glial Clocks Underlying Structural Remodeling of Pacemaker Neurons in Drosophila. Front Physiol 2017; 8:918. [PMID: 29184510 PMCID: PMC5694478 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of years ago we reported that ventral Lateral Neurons (LNvs), which are essential in the control of rest-activity cycles in Drosophila, undergo circadian remodeling of their axonal projections. This structural plasticity gives rise to changes in the degree of connectivity, which could provide a means of transmitting time of day information. Thus far, work from different laboratories has shown that circadian remodeling of adult projections relies on activity-dependent and -independent mechanisms. In terms of clock- dependent mechanisms, several neuronal types undergoing circadian remodeling hinted to a differential effect of clock genes; while per mutants exhibited poorly developed axonal terminals giving rise to low complexity arbors, tim mutants displayed a characteristic hyper branching phenotype, suggesting these genes could be playing additional roles to those ascribed to core clock function. To shed light onto this possibility we altered clock gene levels through RNAi- mediated downregulation and expression of a dominant negative form exclusively in the adult LNvs. These experiments confirmed that the LNv clock is necessary to drive the remodeling process. We next explored the contribution of glia to the structural plasticity of the small LNvs through acute disruption of their internal clock. Interestingly, impaired glial clocks also abolished circadian structural remodeling, without affecting other clock-controlled outputs. Taken together our data shows that both neuronal and glial clocks are recruited to define the architecture of the LNv projections along the day, thus enabling a precise reconfiguration of the circadian network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria F. Ceriani
- Laboratorio de Genética del Comportamiento, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIB-BA CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Walkowicz L, Kijak E, Krzeptowski W, Górska-Andrzejak J, Stratoulias V, Woznicka O, Chwastek E, Heino TI, Pyza EM. Downregulation of DmMANF in Glial Cells Results in Neurodegeneration and Affects Sleep and Lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:610. [PMID: 29163014 PMCID: PMC5673640 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In Drosophila melanogaster, mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (DmMANF) is an evolutionarily conserved ortholog of mammalian MANF and cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF), which have been shown to promote the survival of dopaminergic neurons in the brain. We observed especially high levels of DmMANF in the visual system of Drosophila, particularly in the first optic neuropil (lamina). In the lamina, DmMANF was found in glial cells (surface and epithelial glia), photoreceptors and interneurons. Interestingly, silencing of DmMANF in all neurons or specifically in photoreceptors or L2 interneurons had no impact on the structure of the visual system. However, downregulation of DmMANF in glial cells induced degeneration of the lamina. Remarkably, this degeneration in the form of holes and/or tightly packed membranes was observed only in the lamina epithelial glial cells. Those membranes seem to originate from the endoplasmic reticulum, which forms autophagosome membranes. Moreover, capitate projections, the epithelial glia invaginations into photoreceptor terminals that are involved in recycling of the photoreceptor neurotransmitter histamine, were less numerous after DmMANF silencing either in neurons or glial cells. The distribution of the alpha subunit of Na+/K+-ATPase protein in the lamina cell membranes was also changed. At the behavioral level, silencing of DmMANF either in neurons or glial cells affected the daily activity/sleep pattern, and flies showed less activity during the day but higher activity during the night than did controls. In the case of silencing in glia, the lifespan of flies was also shortened. The obtained results showed that DmMANF regulates many functions in the brain, particularly those dependent on glial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucyna Walkowicz
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Kijak
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Wojciech Krzeptowski
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jolanta Górska-Andrzejak
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Olga Woznicka
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Chwastek
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tapio I. Heino
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elzbieta M. Pyza
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Verkhratsky A, Zorec R, Parpura V. Stratification of astrocytes in healthy and diseased brain. Brain Pathol 2017; 27:629-644. [PMID: 28805002 PMCID: PMC5599174 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes, a subtype of glial cells, come in variety of forms and functions. However, overarching role of these cell is in the homeostasis of the brain, be that regulation of ions, neurotransmitters, metabolism or neuronal synaptic networks. Loss of homeostasis represents the underlying cause of all brain disorders. Thus, astrocytes are likely involved in most if not all of the brain pathologies. We tabulate astroglial homeostatic functions along with pathological condition that arise from dysfunction of these glial cells. Classification of astrocytes is presented with the emphasis on evolutionary trails, morphological appearance and numerical preponderance. We note that, even though astrocytes from a variety of mammalian species share some common features, human astrocytes appear to be the largest and most complex of all astrocytes studied thus far. It is then an imperative to develop humanized models to study the role of astrocytes in brain pathologies, which is perhaps most abundantly clear in the case of glioblastoma multiforme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Verkhratsky
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental PsychologyThe University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
- Achúcarro Basque Center for NeuroscienceIKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science48011 BilbaoSpain
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED48940 LeioaSpain
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Cell EngineeringCelica BIOMEDICAL, Tehnološki park 24, Ljubljana 1000SloveniaEurope
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology‐Molecular Cell PhysiologyInstitute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, Ljubljana 1000SloveniaEurope
| | - Vladimir Parpura
- Department of Neurobiology, Civitan International Research Center and Center for Glial Biology in Medicine, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Atomic Force Microscopy & Nanotechnology Laboratories, 1719 6th Avenue South, CIRC 429University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35294‐0021
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Han Y, Xiong L, Xu Y, Tian T, Wang T. The β-alanine transporter BalaT is required for visual neurotransmission in Drosophila. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28806173 PMCID: PMC5555718 DOI: 10.7554/elife.29146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The recycling of neurotransmitters is essential for sustained synaptic transmission. In Drosophila, histamine recycling is required for visual synaptic transmission. Synaptic histamine is rapidly taken up by laminar glia, and is converted to carcinine. After delivered back to photoreceptors, carcinine is hydrolyzed to release histamine and β-alanine. This histamine is repackaged into synaptic vesicles, but it is unclear how the β-alanine is returned to the laminar glial cells. Here, we identified a new β-alanine transporter, which we named BalaT (Beta-alanine Transporter). Null balat mutants exhibited lower levels of β-alanine, as well as less β-alanine accumulation in the retina. Moreover, BalaT is expressed and required in retinal pigment cells for maintaining visual synaptic transmission and phototaxis behavior. These results provide the first genetic evidence that retinal pigment cells play a critical role in visual neurotransmission, and suggest that a BalaT-dependent β-alanine trafficking pathway is required for histamine homeostasis and visual neurotransmission. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.29146.001 Neurons transmit information around the body in the form of electrical signals, but these signals cannot cross the gaps between neurons. To send a message to its neighbor, a neuron releases a molecule known as a neurotransmitter into the gap between the cells. The neurotransmitter binds to proteins on the recipient neuron and triggers new electrical signals inside that cell. When the message has been received, the neurotransmitter molecules are returned to the first neuron so that they can be reused. This recycling is particularly important in the visual system, where neurons communicate via rapid-fire signaling. In fruit flies, for example, light-sensitive neurons in the eye known as photoreceptors release a neurotransmitter called histamine when they detect light. Supporting cells called laminar glia take up any leftover histamine and combine it with another molecule known as β-alanine to form a larger molecule. The photoreceptors absorb this larger molecule and break it back down into histamine and β-alanine. However, it is not clear how the β-alanine returns to the glia to allow this cycle to continue. Many molecules rely on so-called “transporter” proteins to help them move into or out of cells. To identify transporters that might help to move β-alanine, Han, Xiong et al. prepared a list of fruit fly genes that encode transporter proteins found inside the insect’s head. Testing the resulting proteins in a cultured cell system revealed that one of them was able to transport β-alanine. This protein, named BalaT, is found in another type of support cell called retinal pigment cells. Mutant flies that cannot produce BalaT are blind because their photoreceptors have problems in transmitting information to other neurons. Han, Xiong et al. propose that BalaT transports β-alanine from photoreceptors to retinal pigment cells, which then pass β-alanine on to the laminar glia. Follow-up studies are required to find out exactly how the laminar glia take up histamine. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.29146.002
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Han
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liangyao Xiong
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China.,Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Xu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Tian
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mohylyak II, Chernyk YI. Functioning of glia and neurodegeneration in Drosophila melanogaster. CYTOL GENET+ 2017. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452717030094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
39
|
A Pathway Analysis of Melanin Patterning in a Hemimetabolous Insect. Genetics 2016; 203:403-13. [PMID: 26984060 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.115.186684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diversity in insect pigmentation, encompassing a wide range of colors and spatial patterns, is among the most noticeable features distinguishing species, individuals, and body regions within individuals. In holometabolous species, a significant portion of such diversity can be attributed to the melanin synthesis genes, but this has not been formally assessed in more basal insect lineages. Here we provide a comprehensive analysis of how a set of melanin genes (ebony, black, aaNAT, yellow, and tan) contributes to the pigmentation pattern in a hemipteran, Oncopeltus fasciatus For all five genes, RNA interference depletion caused alteration of black patterning in a region-specific fashion. Furthermore, the presence of distinct nonblack regions in forewings and hindwings coincides with the expression of ebony and aaNAT in these appendages. These findings suggest that the region-specific phenotypes arise from regional employment of various combinations of the melanin genes. Based on this insight, we suggest that melanin genes are used in two distinct ways: a "painting" mode, using predominantly melanin-promoting factors in areas that generally lack black coloration, and, alternatively, an "erasing" mode, using mainly melanin-suppressing factors in regions where black is the dominant pigment. Different combinations of these strategies may account for the vast diversity of melanin patterns observed in insects.
Collapse
|
40
|
Denno ME, Privman E, Borman RP, Wolin DC, Venton BJ. Quantification of Histamine and Carcinine in Drosophila melanogaster Tissues. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:407-14. [PMID: 26765065 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine is a neurotransmitter crucial to the visual processing of Drosophila melanogaster. It is inactivated by metabolism to carcinine, a β-alanyl derivative, and the same enzyme that controls that process also converts dopamine to N-β-alanyl-dopamine. Direct detection of histamine and carcinine has not been reported in single Drosophila brains. Here, we quantify histamine, carcinine, dopamine, and N-β-alanyl-dopamine in Drosophila tissues by capillary electrophoresis coupled to fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (CE-FSCV). Limits of detection were low, 4 ± 1 pg for histamine, 10 ± 4 pg for carcinine, 2.8 ± 0.3 pg for dopamine, and 9 ± 3 pg for N-β-alanyl-dopamine. Tissue content was compared in the brain, eyes, and cuticle from wild-type (Canton S) and mutant (tan(3) and ebony(1)) strains. In tan(3) mutants, the enzyme that produces histamine from carcinine is nonfunctional, whereas in ebony(1) mutants, the enzyme that produces carcinine from histamine is nonfunctional. In all fly strains, the neurotransmitter content was highest in the eyes and there were no strain differences for tissue content in the cuticle. The main finding was that carcinine levels changed significantly in the mutant flies, whereas histamine levels did not. In particular, tan(3) flies had significantly higher carcinine levels in the eyes and brain than Canton S or ebony(1) flies. N-β-Alanyl-dopamine was detected in tan(3) mutants but not in other strains. These results show the utility of CE-FSCV for sensitive detection of histamine and carcinine, which allows a better understanding of their content and metabolism in different types of tissues to be obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madelaine E. Denno
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Neuroscience Graduate Program, §Medical Scientist Training Program, ∥Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Eve Privman
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Neuroscience Graduate Program, §Medical Scientist Training Program, ∥Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Ryan P. Borman
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Neuroscience Graduate Program, §Medical Scientist Training Program, ∥Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Danielle C. Wolin
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Neuroscience Graduate Program, §Medical Scientist Training Program, ∥Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - B. Jill Venton
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Neuroscience Graduate Program, §Medical Scientist Training Program, ∥Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chaturvedi R, Luan Z, Guo P, Li HS. Drosophila Vision Depends on Carcinine Uptake by an Organic Cation Transporter. Cell Rep 2016; 14:2076-2083. [PMID: 26923590 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recycling of neurotransmitters is essential for sustained neuronal signaling, yet recycling pathways for various transmitters, including histamine, remain poorly understood. In the first visual ganglion (lamina) of Drosophila, photoreceptor-released histamine is taken up into perisynaptic glia, converted to carcinine, and delivered back to the photoreceptor for histamine regeneration. Here, we identify an organic cation transporter, CarT (carcinine transporter), that transports carcinine into photoreceptors during histamine recycling. CarT mediated in vitro uptake of carcinine. Deletion of the CarT gene caused an accumulation of carcinine in laminar glia accompanied by a reduction in histamine, resulting in abolished photoreceptor signal transmission and blindness in behavioral assays. These defects were rescued by expression of CarT cDNA in photoreceptors, and they were reproduced by photoreceptor-specific CarT knockdown. Our findings suggest a common role for the conserved family of CarT-like transporters in maintaining histamine homeostasis in both mammalian and fly brains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ratna Chaturvedi
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Zhuo Luan
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Peiyi Guo
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Hong-Sheng Li
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chen C, Liu Z, Pan Q, Chen X, Wang H, Guo H, Liu S, Lu H, Tian S, Li R, Shi W. Genomic Analyses Reveal Demographic History and Temperate Adaptation of the Newly Discovered Honey Bee Subspecies Apis mellifera sinisxinyuan n. ssp. Mol Biol Evol 2016; 33:1337-48. [PMID: 26823447 PMCID: PMC4839221 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msw017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying the genetic signatures of climate-driven selection can produce insights into local adaptation and the potential impacts of climate change on populations. The honey bee (Apis mellifera) is an interesting species to study local adaptation because it originated in tropical/subtropical climatic regions and subsequently spread into temperate regions. However, little is known about the genetic basis of its adaptation to temperate climates. Here, we resequenced the whole genomes of ten individual bees from a newly discovered population in temperate China and downloaded resequenced data from 35 individuals from other populations. We found that the new population is an undescribed subspecies in the M-lineage of A. mellifera (Apis mellifera sinisxinyuan). Analyses of population history show that long-term global temperature has strongly influenced the demographic history of A. m. sinisxinyuan and its divergence from other subspecies. Further analyses comparing temperate and tropical populations identified several candidate genes related to fat body and the Hippo signaling pathway that are potentially involved in adaptation to temperate climates. Our results provide insights into the demographic history of the newly discovered A. m. sinisxinyuan, as well as the genetic basis of adaptation of A. mellifera to temperate climates at the genomic level. These findings will facilitate the selective breeding of A. mellifera to improve the survival of overwintering colonies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiguang Liu
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Pan
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huihua Wang
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haikun Guo
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shidong Liu
- Apiculture Management Center of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hongfeng Lu
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Shilin Tian
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiqiang Li
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC) and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Xu Y, An F, Borycz JA, Borycz J, Meinertzhagen IA, Wang T. Histamine Recycling Is Mediated by CarT, a Carcinine Transporter in Drosophila Photoreceptors. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005764. [PMID: 26713872 PMCID: PMC4694695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine is an important chemical messenger that regulates multiple physiological processes in both vertebrate and invertebrate animals. Even so, how glial cells and neurons recycle histamine remains to be elucidated. Drosophila photoreceptor neurons use histamine as a neurotransmitter, and the released histamine is recycled through neighboring glia, where it is conjugated to β-alanine to form carcinine. However, how carcinine is then returned to the photoreceptor remains unclear. In an mRNA-seq screen for photoreceptor cell-enriched transporters, we identified CG9317, an SLC22 transporter family protein, and named it CarT (Carcinine Transporter). S2 cells that express CarT are able to take up carcinine in vitro. In the compound eye, CarT is exclusively localized to photoreceptor terminals. Null mutations of cart alter the content of histamine and its metabolites. Moreover, null cart mutants are defective in photoreceptor synaptic transmission and lack phototaxis. These findings reveal that CarT is required for histamine recycling at histaminergic photoreceptors and provide evidence for a CarT-dependent neurotransmitter trafficking pathway between glial cells and photoreceptor terminals. Neurotransmitter transporters that remove neurotransmitters and recycle them after their release have particular importance at visual synapses, which must signal at high frequencies and therefore required rapid clearance of neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft. In this study, we identified a SLC22 family transporter, CarT, in the visual system of Drosophila, which is exclusively located to photoreceptor terminals in the lamina neuropil and is responsible for taking up carcinine, an inactive histamine metabolite, from surrounding glia. Loss of CarT disrupts the regeneration of histamine and blocks neurotransmission at photoreceptor cell synapses. Our work provides direct evidence for a local histamine recycling pathway between glial cells and photoreceptor terminals, and shows that a CarT-dependent histamine/carcinine shuttle pathway is critical for maintaining the normal histamine content of neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Futing An
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Beijing University, Beijing, China
| | - Jolanta A Borycz
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Life Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Janusz Borycz
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Life Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Ian A Meinertzhagen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Life Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Stenesen D, Moehlman AT, Krämer H. The carcinine transporter CarT is required in Drosophila photoreceptor neurons to sustain histamine recycling. eLife 2015; 4:e10972. [PMID: 26653853 PMCID: PMC4739767 DOI: 10.7554/elife.10972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic transmission from Drosophila photoreceptors to lamina neurons requires recycling of histamine neurotransmitter. Synaptic histamine is cleared by uptake into glia and conversion into carcinine, which functions as transport metabolite. How carcinine is transported from glia to photoreceptor neurons remains unclear. In a targeted RNAi screen for genes involved in this pathway, we identified carT, which encodes a member of the SLC22A transporter family. CarT expression in photoreceptors is necessary and sufficient for fly vision and behavior. Carcinine accumulates in the lamina of carT flies. Wild-type levels are restored by photoreceptor-specific expression of CarT, and endogenous tagging suggests CarT localizes to synaptic endings. Heterologous expression of CarT in S2 cells is sufficient for carcinine uptake, demonstrating the ability of CarT to utilize carcinine as a transport substrate. Together, our results demonstrate that CarT transports the histamine metabolite carcinine into photoreceptor neurons, thus contributing an essential step to the histamine–carcinine cycle. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.10972.001 Photoreceptors are light-sensitive neurons in the eyes of the fruit fly Drosophila that form connections with other neurons in the fly’s brain. At these connections, which are called synapses, the photoreceptors continuously release a chemical called histamine. Photoreceptors will release more or less histamine depending on changes in light intensity, but always tend to release more histamine than they can produce themselves from scratch. This means that the visual system in Drosophila relies on a pathway that recycles histamine. That is to say, glial cells (which support the activity of the neurons) remove the chemical from synapses and return it to the photoreceptor neurons in a slightly modified form called “carcinine”. The photoreceptors then quickly convert the chemical back into histamine, ready to be released. Stenesen et al. set out to identify the proteins that support this recycling pathway, and started by screening around 130 genes that encode transporter proteins for potential roles in histamine recycling. This screen identified a gene encoding a protein that was named CarT. This protein transports carcinine, the modified version of the histamine neurotransmitter. Stenesen et al. show that the photoreceptor neurons make the CarT protein and need this protein to take up the carcinine released by the supporting glial cells. Without CarT, photoreceptor neurons cannot transmit visual information, and so mutant flies in which the gene for CarT is deleted are blind. Follow-up studies related to this work could involve identifying the transporters that move histamine and carcinine in and out of the glia cells, and exploring what other neurons and behaviors in fruit flies rely on CarT’s activity. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.10972.002
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Drew Stenesen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Andrew T Moehlman
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Helmut Krämer
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Miyagi R, Akiyama N, Osada N, Takahashi A. Complex patterns of cis-regulatory polymorphisms in ebony underlie standing pigmentation variation in Drosophila melanogaster. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:5829-41. [PMID: 26503353 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pigmentation traits in adult Drosophila melanogaster were used in this study to investigate how phenotypic variations in continuous ecological traits can be maintained in a natural population. First, pigmentation variation in the adult female was measured at seven different body positions in 20 strains from the Drosophila melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) originating from a natural population in North Carolina. Next, to assess the contributions of cis-regulatory polymorphisms of the genes involved in the melanin biosynthesis pathway, allele-specific expression levels of four genes were quantified by amplicon sequencing using a 454 GS Junior. Among those genes, ebony was significantly associated with pigmentation intensity of the thoracic segment. Detailed sequence analysis of the gene regulatory regions of this gene indicated that many different functional cis-regulatory alleles are segregating in the population and that variations outside the core enhancer element could potentially play important roles in the regulation of gene expression. In addition, a slight enrichment of distantly associated SNP pairs was observed in the ~10 kb cis-regulatory region of ebony, which suggested the presence of interacting elements scattered across the region. In contrast, sequence analysis in the core cis-regulatory region of tan indicated that SNPs within the region are significantly associated with allele-specific expression level of this gene. Collectively, the data suggest that the underlying genetic differences in the cis-regulatory regions that control intraspecific pigmentation variation can be more complex than those of interspecific pigmentation trait differences, where causal genetic changes are typically confined to modular enhancer elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Miyagi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minamiosawa 1-1, Hachioji, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Akiyama
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minamiosawa 1-1, Hachioji, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Naoki Osada
- Department of Population Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, 411-8540, Japan.,Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 1111 Yata, Mishima, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Aya Takahashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minamiosawa 1-1, Hachioji, 192-0397, Japan.,Research Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minamiosawa 1-1, Hachioji, 192-0397, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Rodríguez-Muñoz MDLP, Escamilla-Chimal EG. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) shows circadian oscillations in crayfishProcambarus clarkiiputative pacemakers. Chronobiol Int 2015; 32:1135-44. [DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2015.1071385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
47
|
Ziegler AB, Ménagé C, Grégoire S, Garcia T, Ferveur JF, Bretillon L, Grosjean Y. Lack of Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Causes Synapse Dysfunction in the Drosophila Visual System. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135353. [PMID: 26308084 PMCID: PMC4550417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential nutrients for animals and necessary for the normal functioning of the nervous system. A lack of PUFAs can result from the consumption of a deficient diet or genetic factors, which impact PUFA uptake and metabolism. Both can cause synaptic dysfunction, which is associated with numerous disorders. However, there is a knowledge gap linking these neuronal dysfunctions and their underlying molecular mechanisms. Because of its genetic manipulability and its easy, fast, and cheap breeding, Drosophila melanogaster has emerged as an excellent model organism for genetic screens, helping to identify the genetic bases of such events. As a first step towards the understanding of PUFA implications in Drosophila synaptic physiology we designed a breeding medium containing only very low amounts of PUFAs. We then used the fly’s visual system, a well-established model for studying signal transmission and neurological disorders, to measure the effects of a PUFA deficiency on synaptic function. Using both visual performance and eye electrophysiology, we found that PUFA deficiency strongly affected synaptic transmission in the fly’s visual system. These defects were rescued by diets containing omega-3 or omega-6 PUFAs alone or in combination. In summary, manipulating PUFA contents in the fly’s diet was powerful to investigate the role of these nutrients on the fly´s visual synaptic function. This study aims at showing how the first visual synapse of Drosophila can serve as a simple model to study the effects of PUFAs on synapse function. A similar approach could be further used to screen for genetic factors underlying the molecular mechanisms of synaptic dysfunctions associated with altered PUFA levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna B. Ziegler
- CNRS, UMR6265 CSGA, 21000, Dijon, France
- INRA, UMR1324 CSGA, 21000, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, UMR CSGA, 21000, Dijon, France
- * E-mail: (ABZ); (YG)
| | - Cindy Ménagé
- CNRS, UMR6265 CSGA, 21000, Dijon, France
- INRA, UMR1324 CSGA, 21000, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, UMR CSGA, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Stéphane Grégoire
- CNRS, UMR6265 CSGA, 21000, Dijon, France
- INRA, UMR1324 CSGA, 21000, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, UMR CSGA, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Thibault Garcia
- CNRS, UMR6265 CSGA, 21000, Dijon, France
- INRA, UMR1324 CSGA, 21000, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, UMR CSGA, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-François Ferveur
- CNRS, UMR6265 CSGA, 21000, Dijon, France
- INRA, UMR1324 CSGA, 21000, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, UMR CSGA, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Lionel Bretillon
- CNRS, UMR6265 CSGA, 21000, Dijon, France
- INRA, UMR1324 CSGA, 21000, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, UMR CSGA, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Yael Grosjean
- CNRS, UMR6265 CSGA, 21000, Dijon, France
- INRA, UMR1324 CSGA, 21000, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, UMR CSGA, 21000, Dijon, France
- * E-mail: (ABZ); (YG)
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
|
49
|
Abstract
Brain glial cells, in particular astrocytes and microglia, secrete signaling molecules that regulate glia-glia or glia-neuron communication and synaptic activity. While much is known about roles of glial cells in nervous system development, we are only beginning to understand the physiological functions of such cells in the adult brain. Studies in vertebrate and invertebrate models, in particular mice and Drosophila, have revealed roles of glia-neuron communication in the modulation of complex behavior. This chapter emphasizes recent evidence from studies of rodents and Drosophila that highlight the importance of glial cells and similarities or differences in the neural circuits regulating circadian rhythms and sleep in the two models. The chapter discusses cellular, molecular, and genetic approaches that have been useful in these models for understanding how glia-neuron communication contributes to the regulation of rhythmic behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Rob Jackson
- Department of Neuroscience, Sackler Program in Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Fanny S Ng
- Department of Neuroscience, Sackler Program in Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sukanya Sengupta
- Department of Neuroscience, Sackler Program in Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samantha You
- Department of Neuroscience, Sackler Program in Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yanmei Huang
- Department of Neuroscience, Sackler Program in Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Yamamoto S, Seto ES. Dopamine dynamics and signaling in Drosophila: an overview of genes, drugs and behavioral paradigms. Exp Anim 2014; 63:107-19. [PMID: 24770636 PMCID: PMC4160991 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.63.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in dopamine (DA) signaling have been implicated in a number of human neurologic
and psychiatric disorders. Similarly, defects in DA signaling in the fruit fly,
Drosophila melanogaster, have also been associated with several
behavioral defects. As most genes involved in DA synthesis, transport, secretion, and
signaling are conserved between species, Drosophila is a powerful genetic
model organism to study the regulation of DA signaling in vivo. In this
review, we will provide an overview of the genes and drugs that regulate DA biology in
Drosophila. Furthermore, we will discuss the behavioral paradigms that
are regulated by DA signaling in flies. By analyzing the genes and neuronal circuits that
govern such behaviors using sophisticated genetic, pharmacologic, electrophysiologic, and
imaging approaches in Drosophila, we will likely gain a better
understanding about how this neuromodulator regulates motor tasks and cognition in
humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston,TX77030, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|