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Zhai Y, Ng LLH, Chau DDL, Lau KF. FE65: a hub for neurodevelopment. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1883-1884. [PMID: 38227509 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.391188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Zhai
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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2
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Chen X, Xie L, Sheehy R, Xiong Y, Muneer A, Wrobel J, Park KS, Liu J, Velez J, Luo Y, Li YD, Quintanilla L, Li Y, Xu C, Wen Z, Song J, Jin J, Deshmukh M. Novel brain-penetrant inhibitor of G9a methylase blocks Alzheimer's disease proteopathology for precision medication. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2743792. [PMID: 38045363 PMCID: PMC10690335 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2743792/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Current amyloid beta-targeting approaches for Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapeutics only slow cognitive decline for small numbers of patients. This limited efficacy exists because AD is a multifactorial disease whose pathological mechanism(s) and diagnostic biomarkers are largely unknown. Here we report a new mechanism of AD pathogenesis in which the histone methyltransferase G9a noncanonically regulates translation of a hippocampal proteome that defines the proteopathic nature of AD. Accordingly, we developed a novel brain-penetrant inhibitor of G9a, MS1262, across the blood-brain barrier to block this G9a-regulated, proteopathologic mechanism. Intermittent MS1262 treatment of multiple AD mouse models consistently restored both cognitive and noncognitive functions to healthy levels. Comparison of proteomic/phosphoproteomic analyses of MS1262-treated AD mice with human AD patient data identified multiple pathological brain pathways that elaborate amyloid beta and neurofibrillary tangles as well as blood coagulation, from which biomarkers of early stage of AD including SMOC1 were found to be affected by MS1262 treatment. Notably, these results indicated that MS1262 treatment may reduce or avoid the risk of blood clot burst for brain bleeding or a stroke. This mouse-to-human conservation of G9a-translated AD proteopathology suggests that the global, multifaceted effects of MS1262 in mice could extend to relieve all symptoms of AD patients with minimum side effect. In addition, our mechanistically derived biomarkers can be used for stage-specific AD diagnosis and companion diagnosis of individualized drug effects.
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3
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Xie L, Sheehy RN, Xiong Y, Muneer A, Wrobel JA, Park KS, Velez J, Liu J, Luo YJ, Li YD, Quintanilla L, Li Y, Xu C, Deshmukh M, Wen Z, Jin J, Song J, Chen X. Novel brain-penetrant inhibitor of G9a methylase blocks Alzheimer's disease proteopathology for precision medication. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.10.25.23297491. [PMID: 37961307 PMCID: PMC10635198 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.25.23297491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Current amyloid beta-targeting approaches for Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapeutics only slow cognitive decline for small numbers of patients. This limited efficacy exists because AD is a multifactorial disease whose pathological mechanism(s) and diagnostic biomarkers are largely unknown. Here we report a new mechanism of AD pathogenesis in which the histone methyltransferase G9a noncanonically regulates translation of a hippocampal proteome that defines the proteopathic nature of AD. Accordingly, we developed a novel brain-penetrant inhibitor of G9a, MS1262, across the blood-brain barrier to block this G9a-regulated, proteopathologic mechanism. Intermittent MS1262 treatment of multiple AD mouse models consistently restored both cognitive and noncognitive functions to healthy levels. Comparison of proteomic/phosphoproteomic analyses of MS1262-treated AD mice with human AD patient data identified multiple pathological brain pathways that elaborate amyloid beta and neurofibrillary tangles as well as blood coagulation, from which biomarkers of early stage of AD including SMOC1 were found to be affected by MS1262 treatment. Notably, these results indicated that MS1262 treatment may reduce or avoid the risk of blood clot burst for brain bleeding or a stroke. This mouse-to-human conservation of G9a-translated AD proteopathology suggests that the global, multifaceted effects of MS1262 in mice could extend to relieve all symptoms of AD patients with minimum side effect. In addition, our mechanistically derived biomarkers can be used for stage-specific AD diagnosis and companion diagnosis of individualized drug effects. One-Sentence Summary A brain-penetrant inhibitor of G9a methylase blocks G9a translational mechanism to reverse Alzheimer's disease related proteome for effective therapy.
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4
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Pizzano S, Sterne GR, Veling MW, Xu LA, Hergenreder T, Ye B. The Drosophila homolog of APP promotes Dscam expression to drive axon terminal growth, revealing interaction between Down syndrome genes. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm049725. [PMID: 37712356 PMCID: PMC10508694 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is caused by triplication of human chromosome 21 (HSA21). Although several HSA21 genes have been found to be responsible for aspects of DS, whether and how HSA21 genes interact with each other is poorly understood. DS patients and animal models present with a number of neurological changes, including aberrant connectivity and neuronal morphology. Previous studies have indicated that amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (DSCAM) regulate neuronal morphology and contribute to neuronal aberrations in DS. Here, we report the functional interaction between the Drosophila homologs of these two genes, Amyloid precursor protein-like (Appl) and Dscam (Dscam1). We show that Appl requires Dscam to promote axon terminal growth in sensory neurons. Moreover, Appl increases Dscam protein expression post-transcriptionally. We further demonstrate that regulation of Dscam by Appl does not require the Appl intracellular domain or second extracellular domain. This study presents an example of functional interactions between HSA21 genes, providing insights into the pathogenesis of neuronal aberrations in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Pizzano
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gabriella R. Sterne
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Macy W. Veling
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - L. Amanda Xu
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ty Hergenreder
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Bing Ye
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Lee HJ, Park JH, Trotter JH, Maher JN, Keenoy KE, Jang YM, Lee Y, Kim JI, Weeber EJ, Hoe HS. Reelin and APP Cooperatively Modulate Dendritic Spine Formation In Vitro and In Vivo. Exp Neurobiol 2023; 32:42-55. [PMID: 36919335 PMCID: PMC10017845 DOI: 10.5607/en22044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the normal function of APP at synapses is poorly understood. We and others have found that APP interacts with Reelin and that each protein is individually important for dendritic spine formation, which is associated with learning and memory, in vitro. However, whether Reelin acts through APP to modulate dendritic spine formation or synaptic function remains unknown. In the present study, we found that Reelin treatment significantly increased dendritic spine density and PSD-95 puncta number in primary hippocampal neurons. An examination of the molecular mechanisms by which Reelin regulates dendritic spinogenesis revealed that Reelin enhanced hippocampal dendritic spine formation in a Ras/ERK/CREB signaling-dependent manner. Interestingly, Reelin did not increase dendritic spine number in primary hippocampal neurons when APP expression was reduced or in vivo in APP knockout (KO) mice. Taken together, our data are the first to demonstrate that Reelin acts cooperatively with APP to modulate dendritic spine formation and suggest that normal APP function is critical for Reelin-mediated dendritic spinogenesis at synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ju Lee
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Park
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41062, Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Justin H Trotter
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - James N Maher
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Kathleen E Keenoy
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - You Mi Jang
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Youngeun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Jae-Ick Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Edwin J Weeber
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Hyang-Sook Hoe
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41062, Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea.,Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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Emerging Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in Alzheimer's Disease: Focus on Synaptic Dysfunction and Vesicle-Neuron Interaction. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010063. [PMID: 36611856 PMCID: PMC9818402 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered by many to be a synaptic failure. Synaptic function is in fact deeply affected in the very early disease phases and recognized as the main cause of AD-related cognitive impairment. While the reciprocal involvement of amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau peptides in these processes is under intense investigation, the crucial role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by different brain cells as vehicles for these molecules and as mediators of early synaptic alterations is gaining more and more ground in the field. In this review, we will summarize the current literature on the contribution of EVs derived from distinct brain cells to neuronal alterations and build a working model for EV-mediated propagation of synaptic dysfunction in early AD. A deeper understanding of EV-neuron interaction will provide useful targets for the development of novel therapeutic approaches aimed at hampering AD progression.
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7
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Kawabata S. Signaling abnormality leading to excessive/aberrant synaptic plasticity in Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1062519. [DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1062519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Examination of Longitudinal Alterations in Alzheimer’s Disease-Related Neurogenesis in an APP/PS1 Transgenic Mouse Model, and the Effects of P33, a Putative Neuroprotective Agent Thereon. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810364. [PMID: 36142277 PMCID: PMC9499399 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis plays a crucial role in cognitive processes. During aging and in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), altered neurogenesis and neuroinflammation are evident both in C57BL/6J, APPSwe/PS1dE9 (Tg) mice and humans. AD pathology may slow down upon drug treatment, for example, in a previous study of our group P33, a putative neuroprotective agent was found to exert advantageous effects on the elevated levels of APP, Aβ, and neuroinflammation. In the present study, we aimed to examine longitudinal alterations in neurogenesis, neuroinflammation and AD pathology in a transgenic (Tg) mouse model, and assessed the putative beneficial effects of long-term P33 treatment on AD-specific neurological alterations. Hippocampal cell proliferation and differentiation were significantly reduced between 8 and 12 months of age. Regarding neuroinflammation, significantly elevated astrogliosis and microglial activation were observed in 6- to 7-month-old Tg animals. The amounts of the molecules involved in the amyloidogenic pathway were altered from 4 months of age in Tg animals. P33-treatment led to significantly increased neurogenesis in 9-month-old animals. Our data support the hypothesis that altered neurogenesis may be a consequence of AD pathology. Based on our findings in the transgenic animal model, early pharmacological treatment before the manifestation of AD symptoms might ameliorate neurological decline.
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Zhou Z, Bai J, Zhong S, Zhang R, Kang K, Zhang X, Xu Y, Zhao C, Zhao M. Downregulation of PIK3CB Involved in Alzheimer's Disease via Apoptosis, Axon Guidance, and FoxO Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1260161. [PMID: 35096262 PMCID: PMC8794666 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1260161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the molecular function of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta (PIK3CB) underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS RNA sequencing data were used to filtrate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in AD/nondementia control and PIK3CB-low/high groups. An unbiased coexpression network was established to evaluate module-trait relationships by using weight gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA). Global regulatory network was constructed to predict the protein-protein interaction. Further cross-talking pathways of PIK3CB were identified by functional enrichment analysis. RESULTS The mean expression of PIK3CB in AD patients was significantly lower than those in nondementia controls. We identified 2,385 DEGs from 16,790 background genes in AD/control and PIK3CB-low/high groups. Five coexpression modules were established using WGCNA, which participated in apoptosis, axon guidance, long-term potentiation (LTP), regulation of actin cytoskeleton, synaptic vesicle cycle, FoxO, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathways. DEGs with strong relation to AD and low PIK3CB expression were extracted to construct a global regulatory network, in which cross-talking pathways of PIK3CB were identified, such as apoptosis, axon guidance, and FoxO signaling pathway. The occurrence of AD could be accurately predicted by low PIK3CB based on the area under the curve of 71.7%. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight downregulated PIK3CB as a potential causative factor of AD, possibly mediated via apoptosis, axon guidance, and FoxO signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhike Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning, China
| | - Jun Bai
- Cancer Systems Biology Center, The China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033 Jilin, China
| | - Shanshan Zhong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning, China
| | - Rongwei Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning, China
| | - Kexin Kang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Cancer Systems Biology Center, The China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033 Jilin, China
- Computational Systems Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Bioinformatics, The University of Georgia, USA
| | - Chuansheng Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Shengjing Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004 Liaoning, China
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10
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Wang Y, Westermark GT. The Amyloid Forming Peptides Islet Amyloid Polypeptide and Amyloid β Interact at the Molecular Level. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011153. [PMID: 34681811 PMCID: PMC8541034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies support a connection between the two common disorders, type-2 diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease. Both conditions have local amyloid formation in their pathogenesis, and cross-seeding between islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) and amyloid β (Aβ) could constitute the link. The bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay was used to investigate the occurrence of heterologous interactions between IAPP and Aβ and to compare the potential toxic effects of IAPP/Aβ, IAPP/IAPP, and Aβ/Aβ expression in living cells. Microscopy was used to confirm the fluorescence and determine the lysosomal, mitochondrial areas and mitochondrial membrane potential, and a FACS analysis was used to determine ROS production and the role for autophagy. Drosophila melanogaster expressing IAPP and Aβ was used to study their co-deposition and effects on longevity. We showed that the co-expression of IAPP and Aβ resulted in fluorophore reconstitution to the same extent as determined for homologous IAPP/IAPP or Aβ/Aβ expression. The BiFC(+)/BiFC(−) ratio of lysosomal area calculations increased in transfected cells independent of the vector combinations, while only Aβ/Aβ expression increased mitochondrial membrane potential. Expression combinations containing Aβ were necessary for the formation of a congophilic amyloid. In Drosophila melanogaster expressing IAPP/Aβ, co-deposition of the amyloid-forming peptides caused reduced longevity. The BiFC results confirmed a heterologous interaction between IAPP and Aβ, while co-deposits in the brain of Drosophila suggest mixed amyloid aggregates.
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Xu P, Chang JC, Zhou X, Wang W, Bamkole M, Wong E, Bettayeb K, Jiang LL, Huang T, Luo W, Xu H, Nairn AC, Flajolet M, Ip NY, Li YM, Greengard P. GSAP regulates lipid homeostasis and mitochondrial function associated with Alzheimer's disease. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20202446. [PMID: 34156424 PMCID: PMC8222926 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20202446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochemical, pathogenic, and human genetic data confirm that GSAP (γ-secretase activating protein), a selective γ-secretase modulatory protein, plays important roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Down's syndrome. However, the molecular mechanism(s) underlying GSAP-dependent pathogenesis remains largely elusive. Here, through unbiased proteomics and single-nuclei RNAseq, we identified that GSAP regulates multiple biological pathways, including protein phosphorylation, trafficking, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial function. We demonstrated that GSAP physically interacts with the Fe65-APP complex to regulate APP trafficking/partitioning. GSAP is enriched in the mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM) and regulates lipid homeostasis through the amyloidogenic processing of APP. GSAP deletion generates a lipid environment unfavorable for AD pathogenesis, leading to improved mitochondrial function and the rescue of cognitive deficits in an AD mouse model. Finally, we identified a novel GSAP single-nucleotide polymorphism that regulates its brain transcript level and is associated with an increased AD risk. Together, our findings indicate that GSAP impairs mitochondrial function through its MAM localization and that lowering GSAP expression reduces pathological effects associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Jerry C. Chang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Xiaopu Zhou
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease, and Drug Development, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Michael Bamkole
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Eitan Wong
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Karima Bettayeb
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Lu-Lin Jiang
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Timothy Huang
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Wenjie Luo
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Angus C. Nairn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT
| | - Marc Flajolet
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Nancy Y. Ip
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease, and Drug Development, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Program of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Paul Greengard
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
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Augustin V, Kins S. Fe65: A Scaffolding Protein of Actin Regulators. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071599. [PMID: 34202290 PMCID: PMC8304848 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The scaffolding protein family Fe65, composed of Fe65, Fe65L1, and Fe65L2, was identified as an interaction partner of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), which plays a key function in Alzheimer’s disease. All three Fe65 family members possess three highly conserved interaction domains, forming complexes with diverse binding partners that can be assigned to different cellular functions, such as transactivation of genes in the nucleus, modulation of calcium homeostasis and lipid metabolism, and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. In this article, we rule out putative new intracellular signaling mechanisms of the APP-interacting protein Fe65 in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton dynamics in the context of various neuronal functions, such as cell migration, neurite outgrowth, and synaptic plasticity.
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Chanda K, Laha S, Chatterjee R, Mukhopadhyay D. Amyloid precursor protein intra-cellular domain (AICD), Aβ and their confounding synergistic effects differentially regulate the degradome of cellular models of Alzheimer's disease. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Gasterstädt I, Jack A, Stahlhut T, Rennau LM, Gonda S, Wahle P. Genetically Encoded Calcium Indicators Can Impair Dendrite Growth of Cortical Neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:570596. [PMID: 33192315 PMCID: PMC7606991 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.570596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A battery of genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) with different binding kinetics and calcium affinities was developed over the recent years to permit long-term calcium imaging. GECIs are calcium buffers and therefore, expression of GECIs may interfere with calcium homeostasis and signaling pathways important for neuronal differentiation and survival. Our objective was to investigate if the biolistically induced expression of five commonly used GECIs at two postnatal time points (days 14 and 22–25) could affect the morphological maturation of cortical neurons in organotypic slice cultures of rat visual cortex. Expression of GCaMP3 in both time windows, and of GCaMP5G and TN-XXL in the later time window impaired apical and /or basal dendrite growth of pyramidal neurons. With time, the proportion of GECI transfectants with nuclear filling increased, but an only prolonged expression of TN-XXL caused higher levels of neurodegeneration. In multipolar interneurons, only GCaMP3 evoked a transient growth delay during the early time window. GCaMP6m and GCaMP6m-XC were quite “neuron-friendly.” Since growth-impaired neurons might not have the physiological responses typical of age-matched wildtype neurons the results obtained after prolonged developmental expression of certain GECIs might need to be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Gasterstädt
- Developmental Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Alexander Jack
- Developmental Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tobias Stahlhut
- Developmental Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lisa-Marie Rennau
- Developmental Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Steffen Gonda
- Developmental Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Petra Wahle
- Developmental Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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15
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Chan WWR, Li W, Chang RCC, Lau KF. ARF6-Rac1 signaling-mediated neurite outgrowth is potentiated by the neuronal adaptor FE65 through orchestrating ARF6 and ELMO1. FASEB J 2020; 34:16397-16413. [PMID: 33047393 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001703r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) is a member of the Rho family of GTPases that functions as a molecular switch to regulate many important cellular events including actin cytoskeleton remodeling during neurite outgrowth. Engulfment and cell motility 1 (ELMO1)-dedicator of cytokinesis 1 (DOCK180) is a bipartite guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) complex that has been reported to activate Rac1 on the plasma membrane (PM). Emerging evidence suggests that the small GTPase ADP ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) activates Rac1 via the ELMO1/DOCK180 complex. However, the exact mechanism by which ARF6 triggers ELMO1/DOCK180-mediated Rac1 signaling remains unclear. Here, we report that the neuronal scaffold protein FE65 serves as a functional link between ARF6 and ELMO1, allowing the formation of a multimeric signaling complex. Interfering with formation of this complex by transfecting either FE65-binding-defective mutants or FE65 siRNA attenuates both ARF6-ELMO1-mediated Rac1 activation and neurite elongation. Notably, the PM trafficking of ELMO1 is markedly decreased in cells with suppressed expression of either FE65 or ARF6. Likewise, this process is attenuated in the FE65-binding-defective mutants transfected cells. Moreover, overexpression of FE65 increases the amount of ELMO1 in the recycling endosome, an organelle responsible for returning proteins to the PM, whereas knockout of FE65 shows opposite effect. Together, our data indicates that FE65 potentiates ARF6-Rac1 signaling by orchestrating ARF6 and ELMO1 to promote the PM trafficking of ELMO1 via the endosomal recycling pathway, and thus, promotes Rac1-mediated neurite outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Wa Ray Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wen Li
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Raymond Chuen Chung Chang
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kwok-Fai Lau
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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16
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Probst S, Krüger M, Kägi L, Thöni S, Schuppli D, Nitsch RM, Konietzko U. Fe65 is the sole member of its family that mediates transcription regulated by the amyloid precursor protein. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs242917. [PMID: 32843577 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.242917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The amyloid precursor protein (APP), a central molecule in Alzheimer's disease (AD), has physiological roles in cell adhesion and signaling, migration, neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis. Intracellular adapter proteins mediate the function of transmembrane proteins. Fe65 (also known as APBB1) is a major APP-binding protein. Regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP) by γ-secretase releases the APP intracellular domain (AICD), together with the interacting proteins, from the membrane. We studied the impact of the Fe65 family (Fe65, and its homologs Fe65L1 and Fe65L2, also known as APBB2 and APBB3, respectively) on the nuclear signaling function of the AICD. All Fe65 family members increased amyloidogenic processing of APP, generating higher levels of β-cleaved APP stubs and AICD. However, Fe65 was the only family member supporting AICD translocation to nuclear spots and its transcriptional activity. Using a recently established transcription assay, we dissected the transcriptional activity of Fe65 and provide strong evidence that Fe65 represents a transcription factor. We show that Fe65 relies on the lysine acetyltransferase Tip60 (also known as KAT5) for nuclear translocation. Furthermore, inhibition of APP cleavage reduces nuclear Tip60 levels, but this does not occur in Fe65-knockout cells. The rate of APP cleavage therefore regulates the nuclear translocation of AICD-Fe65-Tip60 (AFT) complexes, to promote transcription by Fe65.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Probst
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine - IREM, University of Zurich, Campus Schlieren, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren - Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maik Krüger
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine - IREM, University of Zurich, Campus Schlieren, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren - Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Larissa Kägi
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine - IREM, University of Zurich, Campus Schlieren, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren - Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarina Thöni
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine - IREM, University of Zurich, Campus Schlieren, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren - Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Schuppli
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine - IREM, University of Zurich, Campus Schlieren, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren - Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger M Nitsch
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine - IREM, University of Zurich, Campus Schlieren, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren - Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Konietzko
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine - IREM, University of Zurich, Campus Schlieren, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren - Zurich, Switzerland
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17
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McLean FH, Campbell FM, Sergi D, Grant C, Morris AC, Hay EA, MacKenzie A, Mayer CD, Langston RF, Williams LM. Early and reversible changes to the hippocampal proteome in mice on a high-fat diet. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2019; 16:57. [PMID: 31462902 PMCID: PMC6708244 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-019-0387-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The rise in global obesity makes it crucial to understand how diet drives obesity-related health conditions, such as premature cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In AD hippocampal-dependent episodic memory is one of the first types of memory to be impaired. Previous studies have shown that in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) episodic memory is rapidly but reversibly impaired. Methods In this study we use hippocampal proteomics to investigate the effects of HFD in the hippocampus. Mice were fed either a low-fat diet (LFD) or HFD containing either 10% or 60% (Kcal) from fat for 3 days, 1 week or 2 weeks. One group of mice were fed the HFD for 1 week and then returned to the LFD for a further week. Primary hippocampal cultures were challenged with palmitic acid (PA), the most common long-chain saturated FA in the Western diet, and with the anti-inflammatory, n-3 polyunsaturated FA, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), or a combination of the two to ascertain effects of these fatty acids on dendritic structure. Results HFD-induced changes occur in hippocampal proteins involved in metabolism, inflammation, cell stress, cell signalling, and the cytoskeleton after 3 days, 1 week and 2 weeks of HFD. Replacement of the HFD after 1 week by a low-fat diet (LFD) for a further week resulted in partial recovery of the hippocampal proteome. Microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), one of the earliest proteins changed, was used to investigate the impact of fatty acids (FAs) on hippocampal neuronal morphology. PA challenge resulted in shorter and less arborised dendrites while DHA had no effect when applied alone but counteracted the effects of PA when FAs were used in combination. Dendritic morphology recovered when PA was removed from the cell culture media. Conclusion This study provides evidence for the rapid and reversible effects of diet on the hippocampal proteome and the impact of PA and DHA on dendritic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona H McLean
- 1Division of Neuroscience, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY UK.,2Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Fiona M Campbell
- 2Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Domenico Sergi
- 2Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Christine Grant
- 2Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Amanda C Morris
- 2Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Elizabeth A Hay
- 3Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Alasdair MacKenzie
- 3Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Claus D Mayer
- 4Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Rosamund F Langston
- 1Division of Neuroscience, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY UK
| | - Lynda M Williams
- 2Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
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18
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Effects of the Pentapeptide P33 on Memory and Synaptic Plasticity in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice: A Novel Mechanism Presenting the Protein Fe65 as a Target. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20123050. [PMID: 31234498 PMCID: PMC6627374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP) of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) leads to the formation of fragments, among which the intracellular domain of APP (AICD) was also identified to be a causative of early pathological events. AICD-counteracting proteins, such as Fe65, may serve as alternative therapeutic targets of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The detection of elevated levels of Fe65 in the brains of both human patients and APP transgenic mice may further strengthen the hypothesis that influencing the interaction between Fe65 and APP may have a beneficial effect on the course of AD. Based on a PXP motif, proven to bind to the WW domain of Fe65, a new pentapeptide was designed and tested. The impedimental effect of P33 on the production of beta amyloid (Aβ) (soluble fraction and aggregated plaques) and on the typical features of the AD pathology (decreased dendritic spine density, synaptic markers, elevated inflammatory reactions) was also demonstrated. Significant enhancements of both learning ability and memory function were observed in a Morris water maze paradigm. The results led us to formulate the theory that P33 acts by altering the conformation of Fe65 via binding to its WW domain, consequently hindering any interactions between Fe65 and key members involved in APP processing.
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19
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Kawahara M, Kato-Negishi M, Tanaka K. Cross talk between neurometals and amyloidogenic proteins at the synapse and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Metallomics 2018; 9:619-633. [PMID: 28516990 DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00046d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that disruption of metal homeostasis contributes to the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, prion diseases, Lewy body diseases, and vascular dementia. Conformational changes of disease-related proteins (amyloidogenic proteins), such as β-amyloid protein, prion proteins, and α-synuclein, are well-established contributors to neurotoxicity and to the pathogenesis of these diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that these amyloidogenic proteins are metalloproteins that bind trace elements, including zinc, iron, copper, and manganese, and play significant roles in the maintenance of metal homeostasis. We present a current review of the role of trace elements in the functions and toxicity of amyloidogenic proteins, and propose a hypothesis integrating metal homeostasis and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases that is focused on the interactions among metals and between metals and amyloidogenic proteins at the synapse, considering that these amyloidogenic proteins and metals are co-localized at the synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kawahara
- Laboratory of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan.
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20
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Li W, Tam KMV, Chan WWR, Koon AC, Ngo JCK, Chan HYE, Lau KF. Neuronal adaptor FE65 stimulates Rac1-mediated neurite outgrowth by recruiting and activating ELMO1. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:7674-7688. [PMID: 29615491 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurite outgrowth is a crucial process in developing neurons for neural network formation. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of neurite outgrowth is essential for developing strategies to stimulate neurite regeneration after nerve injury and in neurodegenerative disorders. FE65 is a brain-enriched adaptor that stimulates Rac1-mediated neurite elongation. However, the precise mechanism by which FE65 promotes the process remains elusive. Here, we show that ELMO1, a subunit of ELMO1-DOCK180 bipartite Rac1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), interacts with the FE65 N-terminal region. Overexpression of FE65 and/or ELMO1 enhances, whereas knockdown of FE65 or ELMO1 inhibits, neurite outgrowth and Rac1 activation. The effect of FE65 alone or together with ELMO1 is attenuated by an FE65 double mutation that disrupts FE65-ELMO1 interaction. Notably, FE65 is found to activate ELMO1 by diminishing ELMO1 intramolecular autoinhibitory interaction and to promote the targeting of ELMO1 to the plasma membrane, where Rac1 is activated. We also show that FE65, ELMO1, and DOCK180 form a tripartite complex. Knockdown of DOCK180 reduces the stimulatory effect of FE65-ELMO1 on Rac1 activation and neurite outgrowth. Thus, we identify a novel mechanism by which FE65 stimulates Rac1-mediated neurite outgrowth by recruiting and activating ELMO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- From the School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Ka Ming Vincent Tam
- From the School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Wai Wa Ray Chan
- From the School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Alex Chun Koon
- From the School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Jacky Chi Ki Ngo
- From the School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Ho Yin Edwin Chan
- From the School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Kwok-Fai Lau
- From the School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin New Territories, Hong Kong
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21
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cAMP, cGMP and Amyloid β: Three Ideal Partners for Memory Formation. Trends Neurosci 2018; 41:255-266. [PMID: 29501262 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
cAMP and cGMP are well established second messengers required for long-term potentiation (LTP) and memory formation/consolidation. By contrast, amyloid β (Aβ), mostly known as one of the main culprits for Alzheimer's disease (AD), has received relatively little attention in the context of plasticity and memory. Of note, however, low physiological concentrations of Aβ seem necessary for LTP induction and for memory formation. This should come as no surprise, since hormesis emerged as a central dogma in biology. Additionally, recent evidence indicates that Aβ is one of the downstream effectors for cAMP and cGMP to trigger synaptic plasticity and memory. We argue that these emerging findings depict a new scenario that should change the general view on the amyloidogenic pathway, and that could have significant implications for the understanding of AD and its pharmacological treatment in the future.
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22
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Ntsapi C, Lumkwana D, Swart C, du Toit A, Loos B. New Insights Into Autophagy Dysfunction Related to Amyloid Beta Toxicity and Neuropathology in Alzheimer's Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 336:321-361. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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23
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Marinelli L, Fornasari E, Di Stefano A, Turkez H, Arslan ME, Eusepi P, Ciulla M, Cacciatore I. (R)-α-Lipoyl-Gly-l-Pro-l-Glu dimethyl ester as dual acting agent for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropeptides 2017; 66:52-58. [PMID: 28993014 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, effects of LA-GPE (R-α-Lipoyl-Gly-l-Pro-l-Glu dimethyl ester) and GPE (Gly-L-Pro-L-Glu) on the cytotoxic action of Aβ1-42 were tested with differentiated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells as cellular Alzheimer model via measurements of mitochondrial viability (MTT assay) and lactate dehydrogenase release (LDH assay). Effects of LA-GPE and GPE on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative status (TOS) levels, and neural cell apoptosis and necrosis were also determined. In addition, biological safety of these novel formulations was evaluated in human blood cells using different cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assays. Our results indicated that both compounds could block Aβ1-42 induced cell death. LA-GPE reduced Aβ-induced AChE activity and oxidative stress, suggesting it as a multifunctional compound potentially valuable for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Marinelli
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy
| | - Erika Fornasari
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy
| | - Antonio Di Stefano
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy
| | - Hasan Turkez
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Enes Arslan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Piera Eusepi
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy
| | - Michele Ciulla
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy
| | - Ivana Cacciatore
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy.
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24
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Liu A, Zhang Y, Han L, He G, Xie W, Zhou Z, Jia Z. Regulation of Neurotransmitter Release by Amyloid Precursor Protein Through Synapsin Phosphorylation. Neurochem Res 2017; 44:683-691. [PMID: 29052089 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2418-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and aggregation of the Aβ peptide are known to play a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease, but the function of endogenous APP under normal physiological conditions remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated presynaptic changes in APP knockout (KO) mice. We demonstrate that both sucrose-induced neurotransmission and synaptic depletion in response to high frequency stimulation are significantly enhanced in APP KO compared to wild type littermates. In addition, the level of phosphorylated forms of synapsins, but not total synapsins, is elevated in the KO mice. Furthermore, we show that the inhibition of L-type calcium channels normalizes phosphorylated synapsins and slows down the high frequency induced synaptic depletion in APP KO mice. These results suggest a new mechanism by which APP regulates synaptic vesicle dynamics through synapsin-dependent phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Lifang Han
- Institute of Life Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Guiqin He
- Institute of Life Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Institute of Life Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Zikai Zhou
- Institute of Life Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Zhengping Jia
- Neurosciences & Mental Health, the Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave., Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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25
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Sosa LJ, Cáceres A, Dupraz S, Oksdath M, Quiroga S, Lorenzo A. The physiological role of the amyloid precursor protein as an adhesion molecule in the developing nervous system. J Neurochem 2017; 143:11-29. [PMID: 28677143 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein better known for its participation in the physiopathology of Alzheimer disease as the source of the beta amyloid fragment. However, the physiological functions of the full length protein and its proteolytic fragments have remained elusive. APP was first described as a cell-surface receptor; nevertheless, increasing evidence highlighted APP as a cell adhesion molecule. In this review, we will focus on the current knowledge of the physiological role of APP as a cell adhesion molecule and its involvement in key events of neuronal development, such as migration, neurite outgrowth, growth cone pathfinding, and synaptogenesis. Finally, since APP is over-expressed in Down syndrome individuals because of the extra copy of chromosome 21, in the last section of the review, we discuss the potential contribution of APP to the neuronal and synaptic defects described in this genetic condition. Read the Editorial Highlight for this article on page 9. Cover Image for this issue: doi. 10.1111/jnc.13817.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas J Sosa
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwell Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CIQUIBIC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alfredo Cáceres
- Laboratorio Neurobiología, Instituto Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto Universitario Ciencias Biomédicas Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Dupraz
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenarative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mariana Oksdath
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwell Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CIQUIBIC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Santiago Quiroga
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwell Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CIQUIBIC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alfredo Lorenzo
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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26
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Not just amyloid: physiological functions of the amyloid precursor protein family. Nat Rev Neurosci 2017; 18:281-298. [PMID: 28360418 DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2017.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) gives rise to the amyloid-β peptide and thus has a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. By contrast, the physiological functions of APP and the closely related APP-like proteins (APLPs) remain less well understood. Studying these physiological functions has been challenging and has required a careful long-term strategy, including the analysis of different App-knockout and Aplp-knockout mice. In this Review, we summarize these findings, focusing on the in vivo roles of APP family members and their processing products for CNS development, synapse formation and function, brain injury and neuroprotection, as well as ageing. In addition, we discuss the implications of APP physiology for therapeutic approaches.
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27
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Guénette S, Strecker P, Kins S. APP Protein Family Signaling at the Synapse: Insights from Intracellular APP-Binding Proteins. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:87. [PMID: 28424586 PMCID: PMC5371672 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying amyloid precursor protein family (APP/APP-like proteins, APLP) function in the nervous system can be achieved by studying the APP/APLP interactome. In this review article, we focused on intracellular APP interacting proteins that bind the YENPTY internalization motif located in the last 15 amino acids of the C-terminal region. These proteins, which include X11/Munc-18-interacting proteins (Mints) and FE65/FE65Ls, represent APP cytosolic binding partners exhibiting different neuronal functions. A comparison of FE65 and APP family member mutant mice revealed a shared function for APP/FE65 protein family members in neurogenesis and neuronal positioning. Accumulating evidence also supports a role for membrane-associated APP/APLP proteins in synapse formation and function. Therefore, it is tempting to speculate that APP/APLP C-terminal interacting proteins transmit APP/APLP-dependent signals at the synapse. Herein, we compare our current knowledge of the synaptic phenotypes of APP/APLP mutant mice with those of mice lacking different APP/APLP interaction partners and discuss the possible downstream effects of APP-dependent FE65/FE65L or X11/Mint signaling on synaptic vesicle release, synaptic morphology and function. Given that the role of X11/Mint proteins at the synapse is well-established, we propose a model highlighting the role of FE65 protein family members for transduction of APP/APLP physiological function at the synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Strecker
- Department of Biology, Division of Human Biology, University of KaiserslauternKaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Stefan Kins
- Department of Biology, Division of Human Biology, University of KaiserslauternKaiserslautern, Germany
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Ramaker JM, Cargill RS, Swanson TL, Quirindongo H, Cassar M, Kretzschmar D, Copenhaver PF. Amyloid Precursor Proteins Are Dynamically Trafficked and Processed during Neuronal Development. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:130. [PMID: 27932950 PMCID: PMC5122739 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteolytic processing of the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) produces beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptide fragments that accumulate in Alzheimer's Disease (AD), but APP may also regulate multiple aspects of neuronal development, albeit via mechanisms that are not well understood. APP is a member of a family of transmembrane glycoproteins expressed by all higher organisms, including two mammalian orthologs (APLP1 and APLP2) that have complicated investigations into the specific activities of APP. By comparison, insects express only a single APP-related protein (APP-Like, or APPL) that contains the same protein interaction domains identified in APP. However, unlike its mammalian orthologs, APPL is only expressed by neurons, greatly simplifying an analysis of its functions in vivo. Like APP, APPL is processed by secretases to generate a similar array of extracellular and intracellular cleavage fragments, as well as an Aβ-like fragment that can induce neurotoxic responses in the brain. Exploiting the complementary advantages of two insect models (Drosophila melanogaster and Manduca sexta), we have investigated the regulation of APPL trafficking and processing with respect to different aspects of neuronal development. By comparing the behavior of endogenously expressed APPL with fluorescently tagged versions of APPL and APP, we have shown that some full-length protein is consistently trafficked into the most motile regions of developing neurons both in vitro and in vivo. Concurrently, much of the holoprotein is rapidly processed into N- and C-terminal fragments that undergo bi-directional transport within distinct vesicle populations. Unexpectedly, we also discovered that APPL can be transiently sequestered into an amphisome-like compartment in developing neurons, while manipulations targeting APPL cleavage altered their motile behavior in cultured embryos. These data suggest that multiple mechanisms restrict the bioavailability of the holoprotein to regulate APPL-dependent responses within the nervous system. Lastly, targeted expression of our double-tagged constructs (combined with time-lapse imaging) revealed that APP family proteins are subject to complex patterns of trafficking and processing that vary dramatically between different neuronal subtypes. In combination, our results provide a new perspective on how the regulation of APP family proteins can be modulated to accommodate a variety of cell type-specific responses within the embryonic and adult nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna M Ramaker
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science UniversityPortland, OR, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health and Science UniversityPortland, OR, USA
| | - Robert S Cargill
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University Portland, OR, USA
| | - Tracy L Swanson
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University Portland, OR, USA
| | - Hanil Quirindongo
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University Portland, OR, USA
| | - Marlène Cassar
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University Portland, OR, USA
| | - Doris Kretzschmar
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University Portland, OR, USA
| | - Philip F Copenhaver
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University Portland, OR, USA
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Lee JH, Kim JY, Kim SY, Choi SI, Kim KC, Cho EW, Kim IG. APBB1 reinforces cancer stem cell and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by regulating the IGF1R signaling pathway in non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 482:35-42. [PMID: 27836546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid β precursor protein binding family B member 1(APBB1) was first identified as a binding partner of amyloid precursor protein during brain development, but its function in the context of cancer remain unclear. Here we show for the first time that APBB1 is partly associated with intensifying cancer stem cell(CSC) and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and enhancing radiation-resistant properties of lung cancer cells. We found that APBB1 was highly expressed in ALDH1high CSC-like cells sorted from A549 lung cancer cells. In APBB1-deficient H460 cells with forced overexpression of APBB1, the protein directly interacted with IGF1Rβ, enhanced phosphorylation of IGF1Rβ/PI3K/AKT pathway(activation) and subsequently induced the phosphorylation of GSK3β(inactivation). This phosphorylation stabilized Snail1, a negative regulator of E-cadherin expression, and regulated β-catenin-mediated ALDH1 expression, which are representative markers for EMT and CSCs, respectively. In contrast, suppression of APBB1 expression with siRNA yielded the opposite effects in APBB1-rich A549 cells. We concluded that APBB1 partly regulates the expression of ALDH1. We also found that APBB1 regulates activation of nuclear factor-κB, which is involved in reducing various stresses including oxidative stress, which suggests that APBB1 is associated with γ-radiation sensitivity. Our findings imply that APBB1 plays an important role in the maintenance of EMT-associated CSC-like properties and γ-radiation resistance via activation of IGF1Rβ/AKT/GSK3β pathway in lung cancer cells, highlighting APBB1 as a potential target for therapeutic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jei Ha Lee
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Radiation Research Group, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 111, Daedeok-Daero 989 Beon-Gil, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 989-111 Daedeok-Daero, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-353, South Korea
| | - Jung Yul Kim
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Radiation Research Group, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 111, Daedeok-Daero 989 Beon-Gil, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 989-111 Daedeok-Daero, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-353, South Korea
| | - Seo Yeon Kim
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Radiation Research Group, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 111, Daedeok-Daero 989 Beon-Gil, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Soo Im Choi
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Radiation Research Group, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 111, Daedeok-Daero 989 Beon-Gil, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kuk Chan Kim
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Radiation Research Group, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 111, Daedeok-Daero 989 Beon-Gil, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eun Wie Cho
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 25 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - In Gyu Kim
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Radiation Research Group, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 111, Daedeok-Daero 989 Beon-Gil, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 989-111 Daedeok-Daero, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-353, South Korea.
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Abstract
FE65 is a brain-enriched, developmentally regulated adaptor protein that was first identified as a binding partner of amyloid precursor protein (APP), an important molecule in Alzheimer's disease. FE65 possesses three protein interaction domains, including an N-terminal WW domain and two C-terminal phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domains. It is capable of mediating the assembly of multimolecular complexes. Although initial work reveals its roles in APP processing and gene transactivation, increasing evidence suggests that FE65 participates in more diverse biological processes than originally anticipated. This article discusses the role of FE65 in signal transduction during cell stress and protein turnover through the ubiquitin-proteasome system and in various neuronal processes, including neurogenesis, neuronal migration and positioning, neurite outgrowth, synapse formation and synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory.
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Kurakin A, Bredesen DE. Dynamic self-guiding analysis of Alzheimer's disease. Oncotarget 2016; 6:14092-122. [PMID: 26041885 PMCID: PMC4546454 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We applied a self-guiding evolutionary algorithm to initiate the synthesis of the Alzheimer's disease-related data and literature. A protein interaction network associated with amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) and a seed model that treats Alzheimer's disease as progressive dysregulation of APP-associated signaling were used as dynamic “guides” and structural “filters” in the recursive search, analysis, and assimilation of data to drive the evolution of the seed model in size, detail, and complexity. Analysis of data and literature across sub-disciplines and system-scale discovery platforms suggests a key role of dynamic cytoskeletal connectivity in the stability, plasticity, and performance of multicellular networks and architectures. Chronic impairment and/or dysregulation of cell adhesions/synapses, cytoskeletal networks, and/or reversible epithelial-to-mesenchymal-like transitions, which enable and mediate the stable and coherent yet dynamic and reconfigurable multicellular architectures, may lead to the emergence and persistence of the disordered, wound-like pockets/microenvironments of chronically disconnected cells. Such wound-like microenvironments support and are supported by pro-inflammatory, pro-secretion, de-differentiated cellular phenotypes with altered metabolism and signaling. The co-evolution of wound-like microenvironments and their inhabitants may lead to the selection and stabilization of degenerated cellular phenotypes, via acquisition of epigenetic modifications and mutations, which eventually result in degenerative disorders such as cancer and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Kurakin
- Mary S. Easton Center for Alzheimer's Disease Research, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dale E Bredesen
- Mary S. Easton Center for Alzheimer's Disease Research, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
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FE65 and FE65L1 share common synaptic functions and genetically interact with the APP family in neuromuscular junction formation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25652. [PMID: 27734846 PMCID: PMC4899880 DOI: 10.1038/srep25652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The FE65 adaptor proteins (FE65, FE65L1 and FE65L2) bind proteins that function in diverse cellular pathways and are essential for specific biological processes. Mice lacking both FE65 and FE65L1 exhibit ectopic neuronal positioning in the cortex and muscle weakness. p97FE65-KO mice, expressing a shorter FE65 isoform able to bind amyloid precursor protein family members (APP, APLP1, APLP2), develop defective long-term potentiation (LTP) and aged mice display spatial learning and memory deficits that are absent from young mice. Here, we examined the central and peripheral nervous systems of FE65-KO, FE65L1-KO and FE65/FE65L1-DKO mice. We find spatial learning and memory deficits in FE65-KO and FE65L1-KO mice. Severe motor impairments, anxiety, hippocampal LTP deficits and neuromuscular junction (NMJ) abnormalities, characterized by decreased size and reduced apposition of pre- and postsynaptic sites, are observed in FE65/FE65L1-DKO mice. As their NMJ deficits resemble those of mutant APP/APLP2-DKO mice lacking the FE65/FE65L1 binding site, the NMJs of APLP2/FE65-DKO and APLP2/FE65L1-DKO mice were analyzed. NMJ deficits are aggravated in these mice when compared to single FE65- and FE65L1-KO mice. Together, our data demonstrate a role for FE65 proteins at central and peripheral synapses possibly occurring downstream of cell surface-associated APP/APLPs.
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Killing Me Softly: Connotations to Unfolded Protein Response and Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:1805304. [PMID: 26881014 PMCID: PMC4736771 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1805304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This review is focused on the possible causes of mitochondrial dysfunction in AD, underlying molecular mechanisms of this malfunction, possible causes and known consequences of APP, Aβ, and hyperphosphorylated tau presence in mitochondria, and the contribution of altered lipid metabolism (nonsterol isoprenoids) to pathological processes leading to increased formation and accumulation of the aforementioned hallmarks of AD. Abnormal protein folding and unfolded protein response seem to be the outcomes of impaired glycosylation due to metabolic disturbances in geranylgeraniol intermediary metabolism. The origin and consecutive fate of APP, Aβ, and tau are emphasized on intracellular trafficking apparently influenced by inaccurate posttranslational modifications. We hypothesize that incorrect intracellular processing of APP determines protein translocation to mitochondria in AD. Similarly, without obvious reasons, the passage of Aβ and tau to mitochondria is observed. APP targeted to mitochondria blocks the activity of protein translocase complex resulting in poor import of proteins central to oxidative phosphorylation. Besides, APP, Aβ, and neurofibrillary tangles of tau directly or indirectly impair mitochondrial biochemistry and bioenergetics, with concomitant generation of oxidative/nitrosative stress. Limited protective mechanisms are inadequate to prevent the free radical-mediated lesions. Finally, neuronal loss is observed in AD-affected brains typically by pathologic apoptosis.
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Phosphorylation of Fe65 amyloid precursor protein-binding protein in response to neuronal differentiation. Neurosci Lett 2015; 613:54-9. [PMID: 26742640 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Fe65 is a brain enriched multi domain adaptor protein involved in diverse cellular functions. One of its binding partners is the amyloid-β (Aβ) precursor protein (APP), which after sequential proteolytic processing by secretases gives rise to the Alzheimer's Aβ peptide. Fe65 binds to the APP intracellular domain (AICD). Several studies have indicated that Fe65 binding promotes the amyloidogenic processing of APP. It has previously been shown that expression of APP increases concomitantly with a shift of its processing to the non-amyloidogenic pathway during neuronal differentiation. In this study we wanted to investigate the effects of neuronal differentiation on Fe65 expression. We observed that differentiation of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells induced by retinoic acid (RA), the phorbol ester PMA, or the γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT resulted in an electrophoretic mobility shift of Fe65. Similar effects were observed in rat PC6.3 cells treated with nerve growth factor. The electrophoretic mobility shift was shown to be due to phosphorylation. Previous studies have shown that Fe65 phosphorylation can prevent the APP-Fe65 interaction. We propose that phosphorylation is a way to modify the functions of Fe65 and to promote the non-amyloidogenic processing of APP during neuronal differentiation.
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Sadallah M, Labat-Gest V, Tempia F. Propagation of Neuronal Damage to Embryonic Grafts Transplanted in the Hippocampus of Murine Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Rejuvenation Res 2015; 18:554-63. [PMID: 26540615 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2015.1672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, characterized by the presence of two principal hallmarks-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The primary cause of the majority of AD cases is not known. Likewise, the mechanisms underlying the propagation of the pathology from affected tissue to neighboring healthy neurons are largely unknown, but knowledge about them could be helpful to design strategies aimed at halting the progression of the disease. To throw light on the mechanisms of propagation of neuronal damage to healthy tissue, wild-type (WT) hippocampal solid tissue chunks derived from green fluorescent protein (GFP)-positive embryos were grafted into the hippocampus of 6-month-old WT and 3xTg-AD mice, a triple-transgenic mouse model that exhibits both amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau protein pathology. The histological and morphological alterations of the grafted tissues were assessed 3 months post-transplantation. Tissues grafted in 3xTg-AD hosts, compared to those grafted in WT recipients, presented a significant decrease in neurite outgrowth (35.4%) and dendritic spine density (41.3%), mainly due to a reduction of stubby and thin-shaped spines. Moreover, some cells of the tissue transplanted in 3xTg-AD hosts accumulated intracellular amyloid peptide deposits similar to the cells of the host. Furthermore, the immunohistochemical examination of reactive astrocytes and microglia revealed the presence of more inflammation in the grafted tissues hosted in 3xTg-AD compared to WT recipients. These results show a propagation of neuronal damage to initially healthy embryonic grafts, validating this methodology for future studies on the mechanisms of the progression of AD pathology to surrounding regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohcene Sadallah
- 1 Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino , Orbassano (Torino), Italy .,2 Department of Biology, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Kouba , Algiers, Algeria
| | - Vivien Labat-Gest
- 1 Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino , Orbassano (Torino), Italy
| | - Filippo Tempia
- 1 Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino , Orbassano (Torino), Italy .,3 Department of Neuroscience and National Institute of Neuroscience-Italy (INN), University of Torino , Torino, Italy
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36
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Sun Y, Sun J, Lungchukiet P, Quarni W, Yang S, Zhang X, Bai W. Fe65 Suppresses Breast Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion through Tip60 Mediated Cortactin Acetylation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11529. [PMID: 26166158 PMCID: PMC4499803 DOI: 10.1038/srep11529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fe65 is a brain-enriched adaptor protein known for its role in the action of the Aβ amyloid precursor protein in neuronal cells and Alzheimer’s disease, but little is known about its functions in cancer cells. The present study documents for the first time a role of Fe65 in suppressing breast cancer cell migration and invasion. Mechanistic studies suggest that the suppression is mediated through its phosphotyrosine binding domain 1 that mediates the recruitment of Tip60 to cortactin to stimulate its acetylation. The studies identify the Tip60 acetyltransferase as a cytoplasmic drug target for the therapeutic intervention of metastatic breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefeng Sun
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Comprehensive Melanoma Research Center and Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Panida Lungchukiet
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Waise Quarni
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Shengyu Yang
- Comprehensive Melanoma Research Center and Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- 1] Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612 [2] Department of Oncological Sciences, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612 [3] Program of Cancer Biology and Evolution, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Wenlong Bai
- 1] Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612 [2] Department of Oncological Sciences, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612 [3] Program of Cancer Biology and Evolution, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
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Miras-Portugal MT, Diaz-Hernandez JI, Gomez-Villafuertes R, Diaz-Hernandez M, Artalejo AR, Gualix J. Role of P2X7 and P2Y2 receptors on α-secretase-dependent APP processing: Control of amyloid plaques formation "in vivo" by P2X7 receptor. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2015; 13:176-81. [PMID: 25848496 PMCID: PMC4372621 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is expressed in a large variety of neural and non-neural cells. The balance between non-pathogenic and pathologic forms of APP processing, mediated by α-secretase and β-secretase respectively, remains a crucial step to understand β-amyloid, Aβ42 peptide, formation and aggregation that are at the origin of the senile plaques in the brain, a characteristic hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In Neuro-2a, a neuroblastoma cell line that constitutively expresses APP, activation of the P2X7 receptor leads to reduction of α-secretase activity, the opposite effect being obtained by P2Y2 receptor activation. The in vivo approach was made possible by the use of J20 mice, a transgenic mouse model of familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) expressing human APP mutant protein. This animal exhibits prominent amyloid plaques by six months of age. In vivo inhibition of the P2X7 receptor induced a significant decrease in the number and size of hippocampal amyloid plaques. This reduction is mediated by an increase in the proteolytic processing of APP through α-secretase activity, which correlates with an increase in the phosphorylated form of GSK-3, a less active form of this enzyme. The in vivo findings corroborate the therapeutic potential of P2X7 antagonists in the treatment of FAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Teresa Miras-Portugal
- Biochemistry Department, School of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain, Institute of Neurochemistry (IUIN), Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan I Diaz-Hernandez
- Biochemistry Department, School of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain, Institute of Neurochemistry (IUIN), Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Gomez-Villafuertes
- Biochemistry Department, School of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain, Institute of Neurochemistry (IUIN), Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Diaz-Hernandez
- Biochemistry Department, School of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain, Institute of Neurochemistry (IUIN), Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio R Artalejo
- Biochemistry Department, School of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain, Institute of Neurochemistry (IUIN), Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Gualix
- Biochemistry Department, School of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain, Institute of Neurochemistry (IUIN), Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Suh J, Moncaster JA, Wang L, Hafeez I, Herz J, Tanzi RE, Goldstein LE, Guénette SY. FE65 and FE65L1 amyloid precursor protein-binding protein compound null mice display adult-onset cataract and muscle weakness. FASEB J 2015; 29:2628-39. [PMID: 25757569 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-261453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
FE65 and FE65L1 are cytoplasmic adaptor proteins that bind a variety of proteins, including the amyloid precursor protein, and that mediate the assembly of multimolecular complexes. We previously reported that FE65/FE65L1 double knockout (DKO) mice display disorganized laminin in meningeal fibroblasts and a cobblestone lissencephaly-like phenotype in the developing cortex. Here, we examined whether loss of FE65 and FE65L1 causes ocular and muscular deficits, 2 phenotypes that frequently accompany cobblestone lissencephaly. Eyes of FE65/FE65L1 DKO mice develop normally, but lens degeneration becomes apparent in young adult mice. Abnormal lens epithelial cell migration, widespread small vacuole formation, and increased laminin expression underneath lens capsules suggest impaired interaction between epithelial cells and capsular extracellular matrix in DKO lenses. Cortical cataracts develop in FE65L1 knockout (KO) mice aged 16 months or more but are absent in wild-type or FE65 KO mice. FE65 family KO mice show attenuated grip strength, and the nuclei of DKO muscle cells frequently locate in the middle of muscle fibers. These findings reveal that FE65 and FE65L1 are essential for the maintenance of lens transparency, and their loss produce phenotypes in brain, eye, and muscle that are comparable to the clinical features of congenital muscular dystrophies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehong Suh
- *Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Molecular Aging and Development Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Juliet A Moncaster
- *Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Molecular Aging and Development Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Lirong Wang
- *Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Molecular Aging and Development Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Imran Hafeez
- *Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Molecular Aging and Development Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Joachim Herz
- *Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Molecular Aging and Development Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Rudolph E Tanzi
- *Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Molecular Aging and Development Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Lee E Goldstein
- *Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Molecular Aging and Development Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Suzanne Y Guénette
- *Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Molecular Aging and Development Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Irimia M, Weatheritt RJ, Ellis JD, Parikshak NN, Gonatopoulos-Pournatzis T, Babor M, Quesnel-Vallières M, Tapial J, Raj B, O'Hanlon D, Barrios-Rodiles M, Sternberg MJE, Cordes SP, Roth FP, Wrana JL, Geschwind DH, Blencowe BJ. A highly conserved program of neuronal microexons is misregulated in autistic brains. Cell 2015; 159:1511-23. [PMID: 25525873 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 416] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) generates vast transcriptomic and proteomic complexity. However, which of the myriad of detected AS events provide important biological functions is not well understood. Here, we define the largest program of functionally coordinated, neural-regulated AS described to date in mammals. Relative to all other types of AS within this program, 3-15 nucleotide "microexons" display the most striking evolutionary conservation and switch-like regulation. These microexons modulate the function of interaction domains of proteins involved in neurogenesis. Most neural microexons are regulated by the neuronal-specific splicing factor nSR100/SRRM4, through its binding to adjacent intronic enhancer motifs. Neural microexons are frequently misregulated in the brains of individuals with autism spectrum disorder, and this misregulation is associated with reduced levels of nSR100. The results thus reveal a highly conserved program of dynamic microexon regulation associated with the remodeling of protein-interaction networks during neurogenesis, the misregulation of which is linked to autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Irimia
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; EMBL/CRG Research Unit in Systems Biology, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), 88 Dr. Aiguader, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
| | - Robert J Weatheritt
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Jonathan D Ellis
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Neelroop N Parikshak
- Department of Neurology, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Mariana Babor
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | | | - Javier Tapial
- EMBL/CRG Research Unit in Systems Biology, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), 88 Dr. Aiguader, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Bushra Raj
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Dave O'Hanlon
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Miriam Barrios-Rodiles
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Michael J E Sternberg
- Centre for Integrative Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sabine P Cordes
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Frederick P Roth
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada; Canadian Institute For Advanced Research, 180 Dundas Street West, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada
| | - Jeffrey L Wrana
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Department of Neurology, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Benjamin J Blencowe
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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Schöler J, Ferralli J, Thiry S, Chiquet-Ehrismann R. The intracellular domain of teneurin-1 induces the activity of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) by binding to transcriptional repressor HINT1. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:8154-65. [PMID: 25648896 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.615922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Teneurins are large type II transmembrane proteins that are necessary for the normal development of the CNS. Although many studies highlight the significance of teneurins, especially during development, there is only limited information known about the molecular mechanisms of function. Previous studies have shown that the N-terminal intracellular domain (ICD) of teneurins can be cleaved at the membrane and subsequently translocates to the nucleus, where it can influence gene transcription. Because teneurin ICDs do not contain any intrinsic DNA binding sequences, interaction partners are required to affect transcription. Here, we identified histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1 (HINT1) as a human teneurin-1 ICD interaction partner in a yeast two-hybrid screen. This interaction was confirmed in human cells, where HINT1 is known to inhibit the transcription of target genes by directly binding to transcription factors at the promoter. In a whole transcriptome analysis of BS149 glioblastoma cells overexpressing the teneurin-1 ICD, several microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) target genes were found to be up-regulated. Directly comparing the transcriptomes of MITF versus TEN1-ICD-overexpressing BS149 cells revealed 42 co-regulated genes, including glycoprotein non-metastatic b (GPNMB). Using real-time quantitative PCR to detect endogenous GPNMB expression upon overexpression of MITF and HINT1 as well as promoter reporter assays using GPNMB promoter constructs, we could demonstrate that the teneurin-1 ICD binds HINT1, thus switching on MITF-dependent transcription of GPNMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Schöler
- From the Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland and the Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jacqueline Ferralli
- From the Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland and
| | - Stéphane Thiry
- From the Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland and
| | - Ruth Chiquet-Ehrismann
- From the Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland and the Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Plácido A, Pereira C, Duarte A, Candeias E, Correia S, Santos R, Carvalho C, Cardoso S, Oliveira C, Moreira P. The role of endoplasmic reticulum in amyloid precursor protein processing and trafficking: Implications for Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:1444-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Soldano A, Hassan BA. Beyond pathology: APP, brain development and Alzheimer's disease. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2014; 27:61-7. [PMID: 24632309 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia among the elderly. Research in the AD field has been mostly focused on the biology of the Aβ peptide but increasing evidence is shifting attention toward the physiological role of APP as key to understanding AD pathology. It is becoming apparent that APP plays a central role in the mechanisms that guarantee the accuracy and the robustness of brain wiring. In the present review we explore APP functions with focus on some of the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Soldano
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Center for Human Genetics, University of Leuven School of Medicine, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bassem A Hassan
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Center for Human Genetics, University of Leuven School of Medicine, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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43
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Sun Y, Kasiappan R, Tang J, Webb PL, Quarni W, Zhang X, Bai W. A novel function of the Fe65 neuronal adaptor in estrogen receptor action in breast cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:12217-31. [PMID: 24619425 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.526194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Fe65 is a multidomain adaptor with established functions in neuronal cells and neurodegeneration diseases. It binds to the C terminus of the Aβ amyloid precursor protein and is involved in regulating gene transcription. The present studies show that Fe65 is expressed in breast cancer (BCa) cells and acts as an ERα transcriptional coregulator that is recruited by 17β-estradiol to the promoters of estrogen target genes. Deletion analyses mapped the ERα binding domain to the phosphotyrosine binding domain 2 (PTB2). Ectopic Fe65 increased the transcriptional activity of the ERα in a PTB2-dependent manner in reporter assays. Fe65 knockdown decreased, whereas its stable expression increased the transcriptional activity of endogenous ERα in BCa cells and the ability of estrogens to stimulate target gene expression, ERα, and coactivator recruitment to target gene promoters and cell growth. Furthermore, Fe65 expression decreased the antagonistic activity of tamoxifen (TAM), suggesting a role for Fe65 in TAM resistance. Overall, the studies define a novel role for the neuronal adaptor in estrogen actions in BCa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefeng Sun
- From the Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology and
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44
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Nensa FM, Neumann MHD, Schrötter A, Przyborski A, Mastalski T, Susdalzew S, Looβe C, Helling S, El Magraoui F, Erdmann R, Meyer HE, Uszkoreit J, Eisenacher M, Suh J, Guénette SY, Röhner N, Kögel D, Theiss C, Marcus K, Müller T. Amyloid beta a4 precursor protein-binding family B member 1 (FE65) interactomics revealed synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) and sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 (SERCA2) as new binding proteins in the human brain. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 13:475-88. [PMID: 24284412 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.029280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
FE65 is a cytosolic adapter protein and an important binding partner of amyloid precursor protein. Dependent on Thr668 phosphorylation in amyloid precursor protein, which influences amyloidogenic amyloid precursor protein processing, FE65 undergoes nuclear translocation, thereby transmitting a signal from the cell membrane to the nucleus. As this translocation may be relevant in Alzheimer disease, and as FE65 consists of three protein-protein interaction domains able to bind and affect a variety of other proteins and downstream signaling pathways, the identification of the FE65 interactome is of central interest in Alzheimer disease research. In this study, we identified 121 proteins as new potential FE65 interacting proteins in a pulldown/mass spectrometry approach using human post-mortem brain samples as protein pools for recombinantly expressed FE65. Co-immunoprecipitation assays further validated the interaction of FE65 with the candidates SV2A and SERCA2. In parallel, we investigated the whole cell proteome of primary hippocampal neurons from FE65/FE65L1 double knockout mice. Notably, the validated FE65 binding proteins were also found to be differentially abundant in neurons derived from the FE65 knockout mice relative to wild-type control neurons. SERCA2 is an important player in cellular calcium homeostasis, which was found to be up-regulated in double knockout neurons. Indeed, knock-down of FE65 in HEK293T cells also evoked an elevated sensitivity to thapsigargin, a stressor specifically targeting the activity of SERCA2. Thus, our results suggest that FE65 is involved in the regulation of intracellular calcium homeostasis. Whereas transfection of FE65 alone caused a typical dot-like phenotype in the nucleus, co-transfection of SV2A significantly reduced the percentage of FE65 dot-positive cells, pointing to a possible role for SV2A in the modulation of FE65 intracellular targeting. Given that SV2A has a signaling function at the presynapse, its effect on FE65 intracellular localization suggests that the SV2A/FE65 interaction might play a role in synaptic signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian M Nensa
- Functional Proteomics, Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
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45
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Das U, Scott DA, Ganguly A, Koo EH, Tang Y, Roy S. Activity-induced convergence of APP and BACE-1 in acidic microdomains via an endocytosis-dependent pathway. Neuron 2013; 79:447-60. [PMID: 23931995 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2013.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The convergence of APP (substrate) and BACE-1 (enzyme) is a rate-limiting, obligatory event triggering the amyloidogenic pathway-a key step in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. However, as both APP/BACE-1 are highly expressed in brain, mechanisms precluding their unabated convergence are unclear. Exploring dynamic localization of APP/BACE-1 in cultured hippocampal neurons, we found that after synthesis via the secretory pathway, dendritic APP/BACE-1-containing vesicles are largely segregated in physiologic states. While BACE-1 is sorted into acidic recycling endosomes, APP is conveyed in Golgi-derived vesicles. However, upon activity induction-a known trigger of the amyloidogenic pathway-APP is routed into BACE-1-positive recycling endosomes via a clathrin-dependent mechanism. A partitioning/convergence of APP/BACE-1 vesicles is also apparent in control/AD brains, respectively. Considering BACE-1 is optimally active in an acidic environment, our experiments suggest that neurons have evolved trafficking strategies that normally limit APP/BACE-1 proximity and also uncover a pathway routing APP into BACE-1-containing organelles, triggering amyloidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utpal Das
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Cheung HNM, Dunbar C, Mórotz GM, Cheng WH, Chan HYE, Miller CCJ, Lau KF. FE65 interacts with ADP-ribosylation factor 6 to promote neurite outgrowth. FASEB J 2013; 28:337-49. [PMID: 24056087 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-232694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
FE65 is an adaptor protein that binds to the amyloid precursor protein (APP). As such, FE65 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. In addition, evidence suggests that FE65 is involved in brain development. It is generally believed that FE65 participates in these processes by recruiting various interacting partners to form functional complexes. Here, we show that via its first phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain, FE65 binds to the small GTPase ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6). FE65 preferentially binds to ARF6-GDP, and they colocalize in neuronal growth cones. Interestingly, FE65 stimulates the activation of both ARF6 and its downstream GTPase Rac1, a regulator of actin dynamics, and functions in growth cones to stimulate neurite outgrowth. We show that transfection of FE65 and/or ARF6 promotes whereas small interfering RNA knockdown of FE65 or ARF6 inhibits neurite outgrowth in cultured neurons as compared to the mock-transfected control cells. Moreover, knockdown of ARF6 attenuates FE65 stimulation of neurite outgrowth and defective neurite outgrowth seen in FE65-deficient neurons is partially corrected by ARF6 overexpression. Notably, the stimulatory effect of FE65 and ARF6 on neurite outgrowth is abrogated either by dominant-negative Rac1 or knockdown of Rac1. Thus, we identify FE65 as a novel regulator of neurite outgrowth via controlling ARF6-Rac1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hei Nga Maggie Cheung
- 1School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Sosa LJ, Postma NL, Estrada-Bernal A, Hanna M, Guo R, Busciglio J, Pfenninger KH. Dosage of amyloid precursor protein affects axonal contact guidance in Down syndrome. FASEB J 2013; 28:195-205. [PMID: 24036883 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-232686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP), encoded on Hsa21, functions as a cell adhesion molecule (CAM) in axonal growth cones (GCs) of the developing brain. We show here that axonal GCs of human fetal Down syndrome (DS) neurons (and of a DS mouse model) overexpress APP protein relative to euploid controls. We investigated whether DS neurons generate an abnormal, APP-dependent GC phenotype in vitro. On laminin, which binds APP and β1 integrins (Itgb1), DS neurons formed enlarged and faster-advancing GCs compared to controls. On peptide matrices that bind APP only, but not on those binding exclusively Itgb1 or L1CAM, DS GCs were significantly enlarged (2.0-fold), formed increased close adhesions (1.8-fold), and advanced faster (1.4-fold). In assays involving alternating stripes of monospecific matrices, human control GCs exhibited no preference for any of the substrates, whereas DS GCs preferred the APP-binding matrix (cross-over decreased significantly from 48.2 to 27.2%). Reducing APP expression in DS GCs with siRNA normalized most measures of the phenotype, including substrate choice. These experiments show that human DS neurons exhibit an APP-dependent, abnormal GC phenotype characterized by increased adhesion and altered contact guidance. The results suggest that APP overexpression may perturb axonal pathfinding and circuit formation in developing DS brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas J Sosa
- 3Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Mailbox 8313, 12800 E. 19th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Amyloid β precursor protein as a molecular target for amyloid β--induced neuronal degeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:2525-37. [PMID: 23714735 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A role of amyloid β (Aβ) peptide aggregation and deposition in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis is widely accepted. Significantly, abnormalities induced by aggregated Aβ have been linked to synaptic and neuritic degeneration, consistent with the "dying-back" pattern of degeneration that characterizes neurons affected in AD. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the toxic effect of aggregated Aβ remain elusive. In the last 2 decades, a variety of aggregated Aβ species have been identified and their toxic properties demonstrated in diverse experimental systems. Concurrently, specific Aβ assemblies have been shown to interact and misregulate a growing number of molecular effectors with diverse physiological functions. Such pleiotropic effects of aggregated Aβ posit a mayor challenge for the identification of the most cardinal Aβ effectors relevant to AD pathology. In this review, we discuss recent experimental evidence implicating amyloid β precursor protein (APP) as a molecular target for toxic Aβ assemblies. Based on a significant body of pathologic observations and experimental evidence, we propose a novel pathologic feed-forward mechanism linking Aβ aggregation to abnormalities in APP processing and function, which in turn would trigger the progressive loss of neuronal connectivity observed early in AD.
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49
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Sosa LJ, Bergman J, Estrada-Bernal A, Glorioso TJ, Kittelson JM, Pfenninger KH. Amyloid precursor protein is an autonomous growth cone adhesion molecule engaged in contact guidance. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64521. [PMID: 23691241 PMCID: PMC3653867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP), a transmembrane glycoprotein, is well known for its involvement in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease of the aging brain, but its normal function is unclear. APP is a prominent component of the adult as well as the developing brain. It is enriched in axonal growth cones (GCs) and has been implicated in cell adhesion and motility. We tested the hypothesis that APP is an extracellular matrix adhesion molecule in experiments that isolated the function of APP from that of well-established adhesion molecules. To this end we plated wild-type, APP-, or β1-integrin (Itgb1)- misexpressing mouse hippocampal neurons on matrices of either laminin, recombinant L1, or synthetic peptides binding specifically to Itgb1 s or APP. We measured GC adhesion, initial axonal outgrowth, and substrate preference on alternating matrix stripes and made the following observations: Substrates of APP-binding peptide alone sustain neurite outgrowth; APP dosage controls GC adhesion to laminin and APP-binding peptide as well as axonal outgrowth in Itgb1- independent manner; and APP directs GCs in contact guidance assays. It follows that APP is an independently operating cell adhesion molecule that affects the GC's phenotype on APP-binding matrices including laminin, and that it is likely to affect axon pathfinding in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas J. Sosa
- Department of Pediatrics and Colorado Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jared Bergman
- Department of Pediatrics and Colorado Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Adriana Estrada-Bernal
- Department of Pediatrics and Colorado Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Glorioso
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - John M. Kittelson
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Karl H. Pfenninger
- Department of Pediatrics and Colorado Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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50
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Minopoli G, Gargiulo A, Parisi S, Russo T. Fe65 matters: new light on an old molecule. IUBMB Life 2012; 64:936-42. [PMID: 23129269 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The discovery that the main constituents of amyloid deposits, characteristic of Alzheimer neuropathology, derive from the proteolytic processing of the membrane precursor amyloid precursor protein (APP) is one of the milestones of the research history of this disease. Despite years of intense studies, the functions of APP and of its amyloidogenic processing are still under debate. One focus of these studies was the complex network of protein-protein interactions centered at the cytosolic domain of APP, which suggests the involvement of APP in a lively signaling pathway. Fe65 was the first protein to be demonstrated to interact with the APP cytodomain. Starting from this observation, a large body of data has been gathered, indicating that Fe65 is an adaptor protein, which binds numerous proteins, further than APP. Among these proteins, the crosstalk with Mena, mDab, and Abl suggested the involvement of the Fe65-APP complex in the regulation of cell motility, with a relevant role in differentiation and development. Other partners, like the histone acetyltransferase Tip60, indicated the possibility that the nuclear fraction of Fe65 could be involved in gene regulation and/or DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Minopoli
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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