1
|
Seo D, Yue Y, Yamazaki S, Verhey KJ, Gammon DB. Poxvirus A51R Proteins Negatively Regulate Microtubule-Dependent Transport by Kinesin-1. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7825. [PMID: 39063067 PMCID: PMC11277487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Microtubule (MT)-dependent transport is a critical means of intracellular movement of cellular cargo by kinesin and dynein motors. MT-dependent transport is tightly regulated by cellular MT-associated proteins (MAPs) that directly bind to MTs and either promote or impede motor protein function. Viruses have been widely shown to usurp MT-dependent transport to facilitate their virion movement to sites of replication and/or for exit from the cell. However, it is unclear if viruses also negatively regulate MT-dependent transport. Using single-molecule motility and cellular transport assays, we show that the vaccinia virus (VV)-encoded MAP, A51R, inhibits kinesin-1-dependent transport along MTs in vitro and in cells. This inhibition is selective as the function of kinesin-3 is largely unaffected by VV A51R. Interestingly, we show that A51R promotes the perinuclear accumulation of cellular cargo transported by kinesin-1 such as lysosomes and mitochondria during infection. Moreover, A51R also regulates the release of specialized VV virions that exit the cell using kinesin-1-dependent movement. Using a fluorescently tagged rigor mutant of kinesin-1, we show that these motors accumulate on A51R-stabilized MTs, suggesting these stabilized MTs may form a "kinesin-1 sink" to regulate MT-dependent transport in the cell. Collectively, our findings uncover a new mechanism by which viruses regulate host cytoskeletal processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dahee Seo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yang Yue
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shin Yamazaki
- Department of Neuroscience and Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kristen J. Verhey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Don B. Gammon
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ono M, Ito T, Yamaki S, Hori Y, Zhou Q, Zhao X, Muramoto S, Yamamoto R, Furuyama T, Sakata-Haga H, Hatta T, Hamaguchi T, Kato N. Spatiotemporal development of the neuronal accumulation of amyloid precursor protein and the amyloid plaque formation in the brain of 3xTg-AD mice. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28821. [PMID: 38596059 PMCID: PMC11002285 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The amyloid plaque is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. The accumulation of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) in the neuronal structure is assumed to lead to amyloid plaque formation through the excessive production of β-amyloid protein. To study the relationship between the neuronal accumulation of APP and amyloid plaque formation, we histologically analyzed their development in the different brain regions in 3xTg-AD mice, which express Swedish mutated APP (APPSWE) in the neurons. Observation throughout the brain revealed APPSWE-positive somata in the broad regions. Quantitative model analysis showed that the somatic accumulation of APPSWE developed firstly in the hippocampus from a very early age (<1 month) and proceeded slower in the isocortex. In line with this, the hippocampus was the first region to form amyloid plaques at the age of 9-12 months, while amyloid plaques were rarely observed in the isocortex. Females had more APPSWE-positive somata and plaques than males. Furthermore, amyloid plaques were observed in the lateral septum and pontine grey, which did not contain APPSWE-positive somata but only the APPSWE-positive fibers. These results suggested that neuronal accumulation of APPSWE, both in somatodendritic and axonal domains, is closely related to the formation of amyloid plaques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Munenori Ono
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Tetsufumi Ito
- Systems Function and Morphology, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Sachiko Yamaki
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Yoshie Hori
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Xirun Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Shinji Muramoto
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamamoto
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Takafumi Furuyama
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sakata-Haga
- Department of Anatomy, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Hatta
- Department of Anatomy, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamaguchi
- Department of Neurology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kato
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Facal CL, Fernández Bessone I, Muñiz JA, Pereyra AE, Pedroncini O, Páez-Paz I, Clerici-Delville R, Arnaiz C, Urrutia L, Falasco G, Argañaraz CV, Saez T, Marin-Burgin A, Soiza-Reilly M, Falzone T, Avale ME. Tau reduction with artificial microRNAs modulates neuronal physiology and improves tauopathy phenotypes in mice. Mol Ther 2024; 32:1080-1095. [PMID: 38310353 PMCID: PMC11163272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Abnormal tau accumulation is the hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases, named tauopathies. Strategies aimed at reducing tau in the brain are promising therapeutic interventions, yet more precise therapies would require targeting specific nuclei and neuronal subpopulations affected by disease while avoiding global reduction of physiological tau. Here, we developed artificial microRNAs directed against the human MAPT mRNA to dwindle tau protein by engaging the endogenous RNA interference pathway. In human differentiated neurons in culture, microRNA-mediated tau reduction diminished neuronal firing without affecting neuronal morphology or impairing axonal transport. In the htau mouse model of tauopathy, we locally expressed artificial microRNAs in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), an area particularly vulnerable to initiating tau pathology in this model. Tau knockdown prevented the accumulation of insoluble and hyperphosphorylated tau, modulated firing activity of putative pyramidal neurons, and improved glucose uptake in the PFC. Moreover, such tau reduction prevented cognitive decline in aged htau mice. Our results suggest target engagement of designed tau-microRNAs to effectively reduce tau pathology, providing a proof of concept for a potential therapeutic approach based on local tau knockdown to rescue tauopathy-related phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Lucía Facal
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Iván Fernández Bessone
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias (IBCN), Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Javier Andrés Muñiz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Ezequiel Pereyra
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Olivia Pedroncini
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA), Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, CONICET-MPSP, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Indiana Páez-Paz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ramiro Clerici-Delville
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cayetana Arnaiz
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA), Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, CONICET-MPSP, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro Urrutia
- Centro de imágenes Moleculares, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Germán Falasco
- Centro de imágenes Moleculares, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carla Verónica Argañaraz
- Instituto de Fisiología Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Trinidad Saez
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias (IBCN), Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Antonia Marin-Burgin
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA), Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, CONICET-MPSP, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariano Soiza-Reilly
- Instituto de Fisiología Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tomás Falzone
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias (IBCN), Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA), Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, CONICET-MPSP, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Elena Avale
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Feole M, Pozo Devoto VM, Dragišić N, Arnaiz C, Bianchelli J, Texlová K, Kovačovicova K, Novotny JS, Havas D, Falzone TL, Stokin GB. Swedish Alzheimer's disease variant perturbs activity of retrograde molecular motors and causes widespread derangement of axonal transport pathways. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107137. [PMID: 38447793 PMCID: PMC10997842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Experimental studies in flies, mice, and humans suggest a significant role of impaired axonal transport in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The mechanisms underlying these impairments in axonal transport, however, remain poorly understood. Here we report that the Swedish familial AD mutation causes a standstill of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) in the axons at the expense of its reduced anterograde transport. The standstill reflects the perturbed directionality of the axonal transport of APP, which spends significantly more time traveling in the retrograde direction. This ineffective movement is accompanied by an enhanced association of dynactin-1 with APP, which suggests that reduced anterograde transport of APP is the result of enhanced activation of the retrograde molecular motor dynein by dynactin-1. The impact of the Swedish mutation on axonal transport is not limited to the APP vesicles since it also reverses the directionality of a subset of early endosomes, which become enlarged and aberrantly accumulate in distal locations. In addition, it also reduces the trafficking of lysosomes due to their less effective retrograde movement. Altogether, our experiments suggest a pivotal involvement of retrograde molecular motors and transport in the mechanisms underlying impaired axonal transport in AD and reveal significantly more widespread derangement of axonal transport pathways in the pathogenesis of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Feole
- Translational Ageing and Neuroscience Program, Centre for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre, St Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Victorio M Pozo Devoto
- Translational Ageing and Neuroscience Program, Centre for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre, St Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Neda Dragišić
- Translational Ageing and Neuroscience Program, Centre for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre, St Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Cayetana Arnaiz
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA-CONICET-MPSP), Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Bianchelli
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA-CONICET-MPSP), Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kateřina Texlová
- Translational Ageing and Neuroscience Program, Centre for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre, St Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic; PsychoGenics, Paramus, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Jan S Novotny
- Translational Ageing and Neuroscience Program, Centre for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre, St Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Tomas L Falzone
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA-CONICET-MPSP), Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia IBCN (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gorazd B Stokin
- Translational Ageing and Neuroscience Program, Centre for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre, St Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Division of Neurology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Neurosciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nwamekang Belinga L, Espourteille J, Wepnyu Njamnshi Y, Zafack Zeukang A, Rouaud O, Kongnyu Njamnshi A, Allali G, Richetin K. Circulating Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease: Unlocking the Diagnostic Potential in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, Focusing on Africa. NEURODEGENER DIS 2024; 24:26-40. [PMID: 38555638 PMCID: PMC11251669 DOI: 10.1159/000538623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is emerging as a significant public health challenge in Africa, with predictions indicating a tripling in incidence by 2050. The diagnosis of AD on the African continent is notably difficult, leading to late detection that severely limits treatment options and significantly impacts the quality of life for patients and their families. SUMMARY This review focuses on the potential of high-sensitivity specific blood biomarkers as promising tools for improving AD diagnosis and management globally, particularly in Africa. These advances are particularly pertinent in the continent, where access to medical and technical resources is often limited. KEY MESSAGES Identifying precise, sensitive, and specific blood biomarkers could contribute to the biological characterization and management of AD in Africa. Such advances promise to improve patient care and pave the way for new regional opportunities in pharmaceutical research and drug trials on the continent for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luc Nwamekang Belinga
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Leenaards Memory Center, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Research Africa Initiative (BRAIN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Research Africa Initiative (BRAIN), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jeanne Espourteille
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yembe Wepnyu Njamnshi
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Research Africa Initiative (BRAIN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Research Africa Initiative (BRAIN), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Neuroscience Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Division of Health Operations Research, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Ariole Zafack Zeukang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Research Africa Initiative (BRAIN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Research Africa Initiative (BRAIN), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Olivier Rouaud
- Leenaards Memory Center, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alfred Kongnyu Njamnshi
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Research Africa Initiative (BRAIN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Research Africa Initiative (BRAIN), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Neuroscience Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Neurology, Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Gilles Allali
- Leenaards Memory Center, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Richetin
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Leenaards Memory Center, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sato K, Takayama KI, Inoue S. Stress granule-mediated RNA regulatory mechanism in Alzheimer's disease. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24 Suppl 1:7-14. [PMID: 37726158 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Living organisms experience a range of stresses. To cope effectively with these stresses, eukaryotic cells have evolved a sophisticated mechanism involving the formation of stress granules (SGs), which play a crucial role in protecting various types of RNA species under stress, such as mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). SGs are non-membranous cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules, and the RNAs they contain are translationally stalled. Importantly, SGs have been thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). SGs also contain multiple RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), several of which have been implicated in AD progression. SGs are transient structures that dissipate after stress relief. However, the chronic stresses associated with aging lead to the persistent formation of SGs and subsequently to solid-like pathological SGs, which could impair cellular RNA metabolism and also act as a nidus for the aberrant aggregation of AD-associated proteins. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive summary of the physical basis of SG-enriched RNAs and SG-resident RBPs. We then review the characteristics of AD-associated gene transcripts and their similarity to the SG-enriched RNAs. Furthermore, we summarize and discuss the functional implications of SGs in neuronal RNA metabolism and the aberrant aggregation of AD-associated proteins mediated by SG-resident RBPs in the context of AD pathogenesis. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 7-14.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Sato
- Department of Systems Aging Science and Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
- Integrated Research Initiative for Living Well with Dementia, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Takayama
- Department of Systems Aging Science and Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Systems Aging Science and Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pan Y, Li J, Lin P, Wan L, Qu Y, Cao L, Wang L. A review of the mechanisms of abnormal ceramide metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease, and their co-morbidities. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1348410. [PMID: 38379904 PMCID: PMC10877008 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1348410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is rapidly increasing, revealing a strong association between these two diseases. Currently, there are no curative medication available for the comorbidity of T2DM and AD. Ceramides are structural components of cell membrane lipids and act as signal molecules regulating cell homeostasis. Their synthesis and degradation play crucial roles in maintaining metabolic balance in vivo, serving as important mediators in the development of neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders. Abnormal ceramide metabolism disrupts intracellular signaling, induces oxidative stress, activates inflammatory factors, and impacts glucose and lipid homeostasis in metabolism-related tissues like the liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue, driving the occurrence and progression of T2DM. The connection between changes in ceramide levels in the brain, amyloid β accumulation, and tau hyper-phosphorylation is evident. Additionally, ceramide regulates cell survival and apoptosis through related signaling pathways, actively participating in the occurrence and progression of AD. Regulatory enzymes, their metabolites, and signaling pathways impact core pathological molecular mechanisms shared by T2DM and AD, such as insulin resistance and inflammatory response. Consequently, regulating ceramide metabolism may become a potential therapeutic target and intervention for the comorbidity of T2DM and AD. The paper comprehensively summarizes and discusses the role of ceramide and its metabolites in the pathogenesis of T2DM and AD, as well as the latest progress in the treatment of T2DM with AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lei Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fan YG, Wu TY, Zhao LX, Jia RJ, Ren H, Hou WJ, Wang ZY. From zinc homeostasis to disease progression: Unveiling the neurodegenerative puzzle. Pharmacol Res 2024; 199:107039. [PMID: 38123108 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.107039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is a crucial trace element in the human body, playing a role in various physiological processes such as oxidative stress, neurotransmission, protein synthesis, and DNA repair. The zinc transporters (ZnTs) family members are responsible for exporting intracellular zinc, while Zrt- and Irt-like proteins (ZIPs) are involved in importing extracellular zinc. These processes are essential for maintaining cellular zinc homeostasis. Imbalances in zinc metabolism have been linked to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Disruptions in zinc levels can impact the survival and activity of neurons, thereby contributing to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases through mechanisms like cell apoptosis regulation, protein phase separation, ferroptosis, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Therefore, conducting a systematic review of the regulatory network of zinc and investigating the relationship between zinc dysmetabolism and neurodegenerative diseases can enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases. Additionally, it may offer new insights and approaches for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Gang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Ting-Yao Wu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Ling-Xiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Rong-Jun Jia
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Hang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Wen-Jia Hou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gozes I, Shapira G, Lobyntseva A, Shomron N. Unexpected gender differences in progressive supranuclear palsy reveal efficacy for davunetide in women. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:319. [PMID: 37845254 PMCID: PMC10579238 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02618-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a pure tauopathy, implicating davunetide, enhancing Tau-microtubule interaction, as an ideal drug candidate. However, pooling patient data irrespective of sex concluded no efficacy. Here, analyzing sex-dependency in a 52 week-long- PSP clinical trial (involving over 200 patients) demonstrated clear baseline differences in brain ventricular volumes, a secondary endpoint. Dramatic baseline ventricular volume-dependent/volume increase correlations were observed in 52-week-placebo-treated females (r = 0.74, P = 2.36-9), whereas davunetide-treated females (like males) revealed no such effects. Assessment of primary endpoints, by the PSP Rating Scale (PSPRS) and markedly more so by the Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living (SEADL) scale, showed significantly faster deterioration in females, starting at trial week 13 (P = 0.01, and correlating with most other endpoints by week 52). Twice daily davunetide treatments slowed female disease progression and revealed significant protection according to the SEADL scale as early as at 39 weeks (P = 0.008), as well as protection of the bulbar and limb motor domains considered by the PSPRS, including speaking and swallowing difficulties caused by brain damage, and deterioration of fine motor skills, respectably (P = 0.01), at 52 weeks. Furthermore, at 52 weeks of trial, the exploratory Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) significantly correlated with the SEADL scale deterioration in the female placebo group and demonstrated davunetide-mediated protection of females. Female-specific davunetide-mediated protection of ventricular volume corresponded to clinical efficacy. Together with the significantly slower disease progression seen in men, the results reveal sex-based drug efficacy differences, demonstrating the neuroprotective and disease-modifying impact of davunetide treatment for female PSP patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Illana Gozes
- Elton Laboratory for Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Adams Super Center for Brain Studies and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Guy Shapira
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience, Edmond J Safra Center for Bioinformatics, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alexandra Lobyntseva
- Elton Laboratory for Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Adams Super Center for Brain Studies and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Noam Shomron
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience, Edmond J Safra Center for Bioinformatics, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nikom D, Zheng S. Alternative splicing in neurodegenerative disease and the promise of RNA therapies. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023; 24:457-473. [PMID: 37336982 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00717-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Alternative splicing generates a myriad of RNA products and protein isoforms of different functions from a single gene. Dysregulated alternative splicing has emerged as a new mechanism broadly implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson disease and repeat expansion diseases. Understanding the mechanisms and functional outcomes of abnormal splicing in neurological disorders is vital in developing effective therapies to treat mis-splicing pathology. In this Review, we discuss emerging research and evidence of the roles of alternative splicing defects in major neurodegenerative diseases and summarize the latest advances in RNA-based therapeutic strategies to target these disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Nikom
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
- Center for RNA Biology and Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Sika Zheng
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
- Center for RNA Biology and Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang R, Zeng M, Zhang X, Zheng Y, Lv N, Wang L, Gan J, Li Y, Jiang X, Yang L. Therapeutic Candidates for Alzheimer's Disease: Saponins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10505. [PMID: 37445682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug development for Alzheimer's disease, the leading cause of dementia, has been a long-standing challenge. Saponins, which are steroid or triterpenoid glycosides with various pharmacological activities, have displayed therapeutic potential in treating Alzheimer's disease. In a comprehensive review of the literature from May 2007 to May 2023, we identified 63 references involving 40 different types of saponins that have been studied for their effects on Alzheimer's disease. These studies suggest that saponins have the potential to ameliorate Alzheimer's disease by reducing amyloid beta peptide deposition, inhibiting tau phosphorylation, modulating oxidative stress, reducing inflammation, and antiapoptosis. Most intriguingly, ginsenoside Rg1 and pseudoginsenoside-F11 possess these important pharmacological properties and show the best promise for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. This review provides a summary and classification of common saponins that have been studied for their therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's disease, showcasing their underlying mechanisms. This highlights the promising potential of saponins for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Miao Zeng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yujia Zheng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Nuan Lv
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Luming Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jiali Gan
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yawen Li
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lin Yang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yoon JH, Hwang J, Son SU, Choi J, You SW, Park H, Cha SY, Maeng S. How Can Insulin Resistance Cause Alzheimer's Disease? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3506. [PMID: 36834911 PMCID: PMC9966425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with cognitive decline. Despite worldwide efforts to find a cure, no proper treatment has been developed yet, and the only effective countermeasure is to prevent the disease progression by early diagnosis. The reason why new drug candidates fail to show therapeutic effects in clinical studies may be due to misunderstanding the cause of AD. Regarding the cause of AD, the most widely known is the amyloid cascade hypothesis, in which the deposition of amyloid beta and hyperphosphorylated tau is the cause. However, many new hypotheses were suggested. Among them, based on preclinical and clinical evidence supporting a connection between AD and diabetes, insulin resistance has been pointed out as an important factor in the development of AD. Therefore, by reviewing the pathophysiological background of brain metabolic insufficiency and insulin insufficiency leading to AD pathology, we will discuss how can insulin resistance cause AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Yoon
- Age-Tech Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - JooHyun Hwang
- Age-Tech Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Un Son
- Department of Comprehensive Health Science, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyuk Choi
- Age-Tech Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Won You
- Department of Comprehensive Health Science, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Park
- Department of Comprehensive Health Science, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
- Health Park Co., Ltd., Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yun Cha
- Department of Comprehensive Health Science, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungho Maeng
- Age-Tech Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
- Department of Comprehensive Health Science, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sokolova A, Galic M. Modulation of self-organizing circuits at deforming membranes by intracellular and extracellular factors. Biol Chem 2023; 404:417-425. [PMID: 36626681 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2022-0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical forces exerted to the plasma membrane induce cell shape changes. These transient shape changes trigger, among others, enrichment of curvature-sensitive molecules at deforming membrane sites. Strikingly, some curvature-sensing molecules not only detect membrane deformation but can also alter the amplitude of forces that caused to shape changes in the first place. This dual ability of sensing and inducing membrane deformation leads to the formation of curvature-dependent self-organizing signaling circuits. How these cell-autonomous circuits are affected by auxiliary parameters from inside and outside of the cell has remained largely elusive. Here, we explore how such factors modulate self-organization at the micro-scale and its emerging properties at the macroscale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Sokolova
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Straße 31, 48149 Münster, Germany.,CiM-IMRPS Graduate Program, Schlossplatz 5, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Milos Galic
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Straße 31, 48149 Münster, Germany.,'Cells in Motion' Interfaculty Centre, University of Münster, Röntgenstraße 16, 48149 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bouillet T, Ciba M, Alves CL, Rodrigues FA, Thielemann C, Colin M, Buée L, Halliez S. Revisiting the involvement of tau in complex neural network remodeling: analysis of the extracellular neuronal activity in organotypic brain slice co-cultures. J Neural Eng 2022; 19. [PMID: 36374001 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aca261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective.Tau ablation has a protective effect in epilepsy due to inhibition of the hyperexcitability/hypersynchrony. Protection may also occur in transgenic models of Alzheimer's disease by reducing the epileptic activity and normalizing the excitation/inhibition imbalance. However, it is difficult to determine the exact functions of tau, because tau knockout (tauKO) brain networks exhibit elusive phenotypes. In this study, we aimed to further explore the physiological role of tau using brain network remodeling.Approach.The effect of tau ablation was investigated in hippocampal-entorhinal slice co-cultures during network remodeling. We recorded the spontaneous extracellular neuronal activity over 2 weeks in single-slice cultures and co-cultures from control andtauKOmice. We compared the burst activity and applied concepts and analytical tools intended for the analysis of the network synchrony and connectivity.Main results.Comparison of the control andtauKOco-cultures revealed that tau ablation had an anti-synchrony effect on the hippocampal-entorhinal two-slice networks at late stages of culture, in line with the literature. Differences were also found between the single-slice and co-culture conditions, which indicated that tau ablation had differential effects at the sub-network scale. For instance, tau ablation was found to have an anti-synchrony effect on the co-cultured hippocampal slices throughout the culture, possibly due to a reduction in the excitation/inhibition ratio. Conversely, tau ablation led to increased synchrony in the entorhinal slices at early stages of the co-culture, possibly due to homogenization of the connectivity distribution.Significance.The new methodology presented here proved useful for investigating the role of tau in the remodeling of complex brain-derived neural networks. The results confirm previous findings and hypotheses concerning the effects of tau ablation on neural networks. Moreover, the results suggest, for the first time, that tau has multifaceted roles that vary in different brain sub-networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bouillet
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Manuel Ciba
- BioMEMS Lab, University of Applied Sciences Aschaffenburg, Aschaffenburg 63743, Germany
| | - Caroline Lourenço Alves
- BioMEMS Lab, University of Applied Sciences Aschaffenburg, Aschaffenburg 63743, Germany.,Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of São Paulo, São Carlos SP 13566-590, Brazil
| | | | - Christiane Thielemann
- BioMEMS Lab, University of Applied Sciences Aschaffenburg, Aschaffenburg 63743, Germany
| | - Morvane Colin
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Luc Buée
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Sophie Halliez
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille F-59000, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Corsi A, Bombieri C, Valenti MT, Romanelli MG. Tau Isoforms: Gaining Insight into MAPT Alternative Splicing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315383. [PMID: 36499709 PMCID: PMC9735940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau microtubule-associated proteins, encoded by the MAPT gene, are mainly expressed in neurons participating in axonal transport and synaptic plasticity. Six major isoforms differentially expressed during cell development and differentiation are translated by alternative splicing of MAPT transcripts. Alterations in the expression of human Tau isoforms and their aggregation have been linked to several neurodegenerative diseases called tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, Pick's disease, and frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17. Great efforts have been dedicated in recent years to shed light on the complex regulatory mechanism of Tau splicing, with a perspective to developing new RNA-based therapies. This review summarizes the most recent contributions to the knowledge of Tau isoform expression and experimental models, highlighting the role of cis-elements and ribonucleoproteins that regulate the alternative splicing of Tau exons.
Collapse
|
16
|
Muñiz JA, Facal CL, Urrutia L, Clerici-Delville R, Damianich A, Ferrario JE, Falasco G, Avale ME. SMaRT modulation of tau isoforms rescues cognitive and motor impairments in a preclinical model of tauopathy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:951384. [PMID: 36277399 PMCID: PMC9581281 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.951384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein predominantly expressed in neurons, which participates in microtubule polymerization and axonal transport. Abnormal tau metabolism leads to neurodegenerative diseases named tauopathies, such as Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia. The alternative splicing of exon 10 (E10) in the primary transcript produces tau protein isoforms with three (3R) or four (4R) microtubule binding repeats, which are found in equal amounts in the normal adult human brain. Several tauopathies are associated with abnormal E10 alternative splicing, leading to an imbalance between 3R and 4R isoforms, which underlies disease. Correction of such imbalance represents a potential disease-modifying therapy for those tauopathies. We have previously optimized a trans-splicing RNA reprogramming strategy to modulate the 3R:4R tau content in a mouse model of tauopathy related to tau mis-splicing (htau mice), and showed that local modulation of E10 inclusion in the prefrontal cortex prevents cognitive decline, neuronal firing impairments and hyperphosphorylated tau accumulation. Furthermore, local shifting of 3R–4R tau into the striatum of htau mice prevented motor coordination deficits. However, a major bottleneck of our previous work is that local splicing regulation was performed in young mice, before the onset of pathological phenotypes. Here we tested whether regulation of tau E10 splicing could rescue tau pathology phenotypes in htau mice, after the onset of cognitive and motor impairments, comparable to early stages of human tauopathies. To determine phenotypic time course and affected brain nuclei, we assessed htau mice using behavioural tests and microPET FDG imaging over time, similarly to diagnosis methods used in patients. Based on these analyses, we performed local delivery of pre-trans splicing molecules to regulate E10 inclusion either into the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) or the striatum at 6-month-old once behavioral phenotypes and metabolic changes were detected. Tau isoforms modulation into the mPFC restored cognitive performance in mice that previously showed mild to severe memory impairment while motor coordination deficit was rescued after striatal injection of trans-splicing molecules. Our data suggest that tau regulation could recover pathological phenotypes early after phenotypic onset, raising promising perspectives for the use of RNA based therapies in tauopathies related to MAPT abnormal splicing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Andrés Muñiz
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular “Dr Héctor N Torres”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Lucía Facal
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular “Dr Héctor N Torres”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro Urrutia
- Laboratorio De Imágenes Preclínicas, Centro de Imágenes Moleculares, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ramiro Clerici-Delville
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular “Dr Héctor N Torres”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología traslacional (iB3), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Damianich
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular “Dr Héctor N Torres”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan E. Ferrario
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología traslacional (iB3), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Germán Falasco
- Laboratorio De Imágenes Preclínicas, Centro de Imágenes Moleculares, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Elena Avale
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular “Dr Héctor N Torres”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: María Elena Avale,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Downey J, Lam JC, Li VO, Gozes I. Somatic Mutations and Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:475-493. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents a global health challenge, with an estimated 55 million people suffering from the non-curable disease across the world. While amyloid-β plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles in the brain define AD proteinopathy, it has become evident that diverse coding and non-coding regions of the genome may significantly contribute to AD neurodegeneration. The diversity of factors associated with AD pathogenesis, coupled with age-associated damage, suggests that a series of triggering events may be required to initiate AD. Since somatic mutations accumulate with aging, and aging is a major risk factor for AD, there is a great potential for somatic mutational events to drive disease. Indeed, recent data from the Gozes team/laboratories as well as other leading laboratories correlated the accumulation of somatic brain mutations with the progression of tauopathy. In this review, we lay the current perspectives on the principal genetic factors associated with AD and the potential causes, highlighting the contribution of somatic mutations to the pathogenesis of late onset Alzheimer’s disease. The roles that artificial intelligence and big data can play in accelerating the progress of causal somatic mutation markers/biomarkers identification, and the associated drug discovery/repurposing, have been highlighted for future AD and other neurodegenerative studies, with the aim to bring hope for the vulnerable aging population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Downey
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jacqueline C.K. Lam
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Victor O.K. Li
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Illana Gozes
- The Elton Laboratory for Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Adams Super Center for Brain Studies and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Saroja SR, Sharma A, Hof PR, Pereira AC. Differential expression of tau species and the association with cognitive decline and synaptic loss in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:1602-1615. [PMID: 34873815 PMCID: PMC9170833 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Pathological tau proteins in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) mainly accumulate in the form of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and neuritic plaques (NPs). However, the molecular properties of tau species present in NFTs and NPs are not known. We tested the hypothesis that tau species within NFT-predominant tissue (NFT_AD) are distinct and more toxic than those in NP-predominant tissue (NP_AD). We analyzed the tau species from post mortem prefrontal cortical brains of NFT_AD and NP_AD. Compared to NP_AD, NFT_AD displayed highly phosphorylated tau oligomers, possessed tau oligomers in extracellular vesicles, and the 3-repeat (3R) and 4-repeat (4R) isoforms were differentially expressed between the groups. Comparison of tau proteins isolated from NFT- versus NP-AD subjects demonstrated higher tau seeding activity in NFT subjects and a greater degree of inducing synaptic loss in cultured neurons. We propose that tau species from NFT-predominant tissues possess greater levels of degenerative properties, thereby causing synaptic loss and cognitive decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sivaprakasam R. Saroja
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of MedicineMount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Abhijeet Sharma
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of MedicineMount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Patrick R. Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's DiseaseIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Ana C. Pereira
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of MedicineMount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's DiseaseIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fernandez Bessone I, Navarro J, Martinez E, Karmirian K, Holubiec M, Alloatti M, Goto-Silva L, Arnaiz Yepez C, Martins-de-Souza D, Minardi Nascimento J, Bruno L, Saez TM, Rehen SK, Falzone TL. DYRK1A Regulates the Bidirectional Axonal Transport of APP in Human-Derived Neurons. J Neurosci 2022; 42:6344-6358. [PMID: 35803734 PMCID: PMC9398544 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2551-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyrk1a triplication in Down's syndrome and its overexpression in Alzheimer's disease suggest a role for increased DYRK1A activity in the abnormal metabolism of APP. Transport defects are early phenotypes in the progression of Alzheimer's disease, which lead to APP processing impairments. However, whether DYRK1A regulates the intracellular transport and delivery of APP in human neurons remains unknown. From a proteomic dataset of human cerebral organoids treated with harmine, a DYRK1A inhibitor, we found expression changes in protein clusters associated with the control of microtubule-based transport and in close interaction with the APP vesicle. Live imaging of APP axonal transport in human-derived neurons treated with harmine or overexpressing a dominant negative DYRK1A revealed a reduction in APP vesicle density and enhanced the stochastic behavior of retrograde vesicle transport. Moreover, harmine increased the fraction of slow segmental velocities and changed speed transitions supporting a DYRK1A-mediated effect in the exchange of active motor configuration. Contrarily, the overexpression of DYRK1A in human polarized neurons increased the axonal density of APP vesicles and enhanced the processivity of retrograde APP. In addition, increased DYRK1A activity induced faster retrograde segmental velocities together with significant changes in slow to fast anterograde and retrograde speed transitions, suggesting the facilitation of the active motor configuration. Our results highlight DYRK1A as a modulator of the axonal transport machinery driving APP intracellular distribution in neurons, and stress DYRK1A inhibition as a putative therapeutic intervention to restore APP axonal transport in Down's syndrome and Alzheimer's disease.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Axonal transport defects are early events in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying transport defects remain elusive. Dyrk1a kinase is triplicated in Down's syndrome and overexpressed in Alzheimer's disease, suggesting that DYRK1A dysfunction affects molecular pathways leading to early-onset neurodegeneration. Here, we show by live imaging of human-derived neurons that DYRK1A activity differentially regulates the intracellular trafficking of APP. Further, single-particle analysis revealed DYRK1A as a modulator of axonal transport and the configuration of active motors within the APP vesicle. Our work highlights DYRK1A as a regulator of APP axonal transport and metabolism, supporting DYRK1A inhibition as a therapeutic strategy to restore intracellular dynamics in Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iván Fernandez Bessone
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia IBCN, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina C1121ABG
| | - Jordi Navarro
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia IBCN, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina C1121ABG
| | - Emanuel Martinez
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia IBCN, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina C1121ABG
| | - Karina Karmirian
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, RJ, 22281-100
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, RJ, 21941-902
| | - Mariana Holubiec
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia IBCN, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina C1121ABG
| | - Matias Alloatti
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia IBCN, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina C1121ABG
| | - Livia Goto-Silva
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, RJ, 22281-100
| | - Cayetana Arnaiz Yepez
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia IBCN, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina C1121ABG
| | - Daniel Martins-de-Souza
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, RJ, 22281-100
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, University of Campinas Campinas, Brasil, SP, 13083-970
- Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores Em Neuropsiquiatria, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, São Paulo, Brasil, SP, 13083-970
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brasil, SP, 13083-970
| | | | - Luciana Bruno
- Instituto de Cálculo, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina C1428EGA
| | - Trinidad M Saez
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia IBCN, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina C1121ABG
| | - Stevens K Rehen
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, RJ, 22281-100
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, RJ, 21941-902
| | - Tomás L Falzone
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia IBCN, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina C1121ABG
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires, Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina C1425FQD
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Han ZZ, Kang SG, Arce L, Westaway D. Prion-like strain effects in tauopathies. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 392:179-199. [PMID: 35460367 PMCID: PMC9034081 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03620-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein that plays crucial roles in physiology and pathophysiology. In the realm of dementia, tau protein misfolding is associated with a wide spectrum of clinicopathologically diverse neurodegenerative diseases, collectively known as tauopathies. As proposed by the tau strain hypothesis, the intrinsic heterogeneity of tauopathies may be explained by the existence of structurally distinct tau conformers, “strains”. Tau strains can differ in their associated clinical features, neuropathological profiles, and biochemical signatures. Although prior research into infectious prion proteins offers valuable lessons for studying how a protein-only pathogen can encompass strain diversity, the underlying mechanism by which tau subtypes are generated remains poorly understood. Here we summarize recent advances in understanding different tau conformers through in vivo and in vitro experimental paradigms, and the implications of heterogeneity of pathological tau species for drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Zhuang Han
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, 204 Brain and Aging Research Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2M8, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sang-Gyun Kang
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, 204 Brain and Aging Research Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2M8, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Luis Arce
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, 204 Brain and Aging Research Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2M8, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - David Westaway
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, 204 Brain and Aging Research Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2M8, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Füzesi MV, Muti IH, Berker Y, Li W, Sun J, Habbel P, Nowak J, Xie Z, Cheng LL, Zhang Y. High Resolution Magic Angle Spinning Proton NMR Study of Alzheimer's Disease with Mouse Models. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030253. [PMID: 35323696 PMCID: PMC8952313 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a crippling condition that affects millions of elderly adults each year, yet there remains a serious need for improved methods of diagnosis. Metabolomic analysis has been proposed as a potential methodology to better investigate and understand the progression of this disease; however, studies of human brain tissue metabolomics are challenging, due to sample limitations and ethical considerations. Comprehensive comparisons of imaging measurements in animal models to identify similarities and differences between aging- and AD-associated metabolic changes should thus be tested and validated for future human non-invasive studies. In this paper, we present the results of our highresolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies of AD and wild-type (WT) mouse models, based on animal age, brain regions, including cortex vs. hippocampus, and disease status. Our findings suggest the ability of HRMAS NMR to differentiate between AD and WT mice using brain metabolomics, which potentially can be implemented in in vivo evaluations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark V. Füzesi
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.V.F.); (I.H.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Isabella H. Muti
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.V.F.); (I.H.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Yannick Berker
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (W.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Joseph Sun
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.V.F.); (I.H.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Piet Habbel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Haematology and Tumour Immunology, Charité—University Medicine Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Johannes Nowak
- Radiology Gotha, SRH Poliklinik Gera, 99867 Gotha, Germany;
| | - Zhongcong Xie
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (W.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Leo L. Cheng
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: (L.L.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yiying Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (W.L.); (Z.X.)
- Correspondence: (L.L.C.); (Y.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Trease AJ, George JW, Roland NJ, Lichter EZ, Emanuel K, Totusek S, Fox HS, Stauch KL. Hyperphosphorylated Human Tau Accumulates at the Synapse, Localizing on Synaptic Mitochondrial Outer Membranes and Disrupting Respiration in a Mouse Model of Tauopathy. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:852368. [PMID: 35359570 PMCID: PMC8960727 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.852368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), represent a growing public health challenge in aging societies. Tauopathies, a subset of neurodegenerative disorders that includes AD, are characterized by accumulation of fibrillar and hyperphosphorylated forms of microtubule-associated protein tau with coincident mitochondrial abnormalities and neuronal dysfunction. Although, in vitro, tau impairs axonal transport altering mitochondrial distribution, clear in vivo mechanisms associating tau and mitochondrial dysfunction remain obscure. Herein, we investigated the effects of human tau on brain mitochondria in vivo using transgenic htau mice at ages preceding and coinciding with onset of tauopathy. Subcellular proteomics combined with bioenergetic assessment revealed pathologic forms of tau preferentially associate with synaptic over non-synaptic mitochondria coinciding with changes in bioenergetics, reminiscent of an aged synaptic mitochondrial phenotype in wild-type mice. While mitochondrial content was unaltered, mitochondrial maximal respiration was impaired in synaptosomes from htau mice. Further, mitochondria-associated tau was determined to be outer membrane-associated using the trypsin protection assay and carbonate extraction. These findings reveal non-mutant human tau accumulation at the synapse has deleterious effects on mitochondria, which likely contributes to synaptic dysfunction observed in the context of tauopathy.
Collapse
|
23
|
Caamaño-Moreno M, Gargini R. Tauopathies: the role of tau in cellular crosstalk and synaptic dysfunctions. Neuroscience 2022; 518:38-53. [PMID: 35272005 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Tauopathies are a group of neurodegenerative diseases among which are many of the most prevalent and with higher incidence worldwide, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). According to the World Health Organization, this set of diseases will continue to increase their incidence, affecting millions of people by 2050. All of them are characterized by aberrant aggregation of tau protein in neurons and glia that are distributed in different brain regions according to their susceptibility. Numerous studies reveal that synaptic regulation not only has a neuronal component, but glia plays a fundamental role in it beyond its neuroinflammatory role. Despite this, it has not been emphasized how the glial inclusions of tau in this cell type directly affect this and many other essential functions, whose alterations have been related to the development of tauopathies. In this way, this review shows how tau inclusions in glia influence the synaptic dysfunctions that result in the cognitive symptoms characteristic of tauopathies. Thus, the mechanisms affected by inclusions in neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes are unraveled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Caamaño-Moreno
- Instituto de investigaciones Biomédicas I+12, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Gargini
- Instituto de investigaciones Biomédicas I+12, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Neurooncology Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III-UFIEC, 28220 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Michailidis M, Moraitou D, Tata DA, Kalinderi K, Papamitsou T, Papaliagkas V. Alzheimer's Disease as Type 3 Diabetes: Common Pathophysiological Mechanisms between Alzheimer's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2687. [PMID: 35269827 PMCID: PMC8910482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) epidemics is increasing rapidly and has huge financial and emotional costs. The purpose of the current review article is to discuss the shared pathophysiological connections between AD and T2DM. Research findings are presented to underline the vital role that insulin plays in the brain's neurotransmitters, homeostasis of energy, as well as memory capacity. The findings of this review indicate the existence of a mechanistic interplay between AD pathogenesis with T2DM and, especially, disrupted insulin signaling. AD and T2DM are interlinked with insulin resistance, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs), mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic syndrome. Beta-amyloid, tau protein and amylin can accumulate in T2DM and AD brains. Given that the T2DM patients are not routinely evaluated in terms of their cognitive status, they are rarely treated for cognitive impairment. Similarly, AD patients are not routinely evaluated for high levels of insulin or for T2DM. Studies suggesting AD as a metabolic disease caused by insulin resistance in the brain also offer strong support for the hypothesis that AD is a type 3 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michalis Michailidis
- Laboratory of Psychology, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.M.); (D.M.); (D.A.T.)
| | - Despina Moraitou
- Laboratory of Psychology, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.M.); (D.M.); (D.A.T.)
| | - Despina A. Tata
- Laboratory of Psychology, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.M.); (D.M.); (D.A.T.)
| | - Kallirhoe Kalinderi
- Laboratory of Medical Biology-Genetics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Theodora Papamitsou
- Histology and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Vasileios Papaliagkas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
RNA-based therapeutics have entered the mainstream with seemingly limitless possibilities to treat all categories of neurological disease. Here, common RNA-based drug modalities such as antisense oligonucleotides, small interfering RNAs, RNA aptamers, RNA-based vaccines and mRNA drugs are reviewed highlighting their current and potential applications. Rapid progress has been made across rare genetic diseases and neurodegenerative disorders, but safe and effective delivery to the brain remains a significant challenge for many applications. The advent of individualized RNA-based therapies for ultra-rare diseases is discussed against the backdrop of the emergence of this field into more common conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and ischaemic stroke. There remains significant untapped potential in the use of RNA-based therapeutics for behavioural disorders and tumours of the central nervous system; coupled with the accelerated development expected over the next decade, the true potential of RNA-based therapeutics to transform the therapeutic landscape in neurology remains to be uncovered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Anthony
- Centre for Physical Activity and Life Sciences, University of Northampton, Northampton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Pelucchi S, Gardoni F, Di Luca M, Marcello E. Synaptic dysfunction in early phases of Alzheimer's Disease. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 184:417-438. [PMID: 35034752 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819410-2.00022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The synapse is the locus of plasticity where short-term alterations in synaptic strength are converted to long-lasting memories. In addition to the presynaptic terminal and the postsynaptic compartment, a more holistic view of the synapse includes the astrocytes and the extracellular matrix to form a tetrapartite synapse. All these four elements contribute to synapse health and are crucial for synaptic plasticity events and, thereby, for learning and memory processes. Synaptic dysfunction is a common pathogenic trait of several brain disorders. In Alzheimer's Disease, the degeneration of synapses can be detected at the early stages of pathology progression before neuronal degeneration, supporting the hypothesis that synaptic failure is a major determinant of the disease. The synapse is the place where amyloid-β peptides are generated and is the target of the toxic amyloid-β oligomers. All the elements constituting the tetrapartite synapse are altered in Alzheimer's Disease and can synergistically contribute to synaptic dysfunction. Moreover, the two main hallmarks of Alzheimer's Disease, i.e., amyloid-β and tau, act in concert to cause synaptic deficits. Deciphering the mechanisms underlying synaptic dysfunction is relevant for the development of the next-generation therapeutic strategies aimed at modifying the disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pelucchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Gardoni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Di Luca
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Marcello
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
DeGiorgis JA, Jang M, Bearer EL. The Giant Axon of the Squid: A Simple System for Axonal Transport Studies. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2431:3-22. [PMID: 35412269 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1990-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The squid giant axon has a long history of being a superb experimental system in which to investigate a wide range of questions concerning intracellular transport. In this protocol we describe the method used for dissecting the axon to preserve its viability in vitro, and the technique for injecting exogenous materials into the living axon. Now that the squid genome is emerging, and the CRISPR/cas9 system has been successfully applied to knock-out squid genes, the giant axon will resume its place in the scientific pantheon of powerful experimental systems in which to address biological questions pertaining to all eukaryotes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A DeGiorgis
- Biology Department, Providence College, Providence, RI, USA
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA
- Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Elaine L Bearer
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA.
- Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Grundman J, Spencer B, Sarsoza F, Rissman RA. Transcriptome analyses reveal tau isoform-driven changes in transposable element and gene expression. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251611. [PMID: 34587152 PMCID: PMC8480850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing of the gene MAPT produces several isoforms of tau protein. Overexpression of these isoforms is characteristic of tauopathies, which are currently untreatable neurodegenerative diseases. Though non-canonical functions of tau have drawn interest, the role of tau isoforms in these diseases has not been fully examined and may reveal new details of tau-driven pathology. In particular, tau has been shown to promote activation of transposable elements-highly regulated nucleotide sequences that replicate throughout the genome and can promote immunologic responses and cellular stress. This study examined tau isoforms' roles in promoting cell damage and dysregulation of genes and transposable elements at a family-specific and locus-specific level. We performed immunofluorescence, Western blot and cytotoxicity assays, along with paired-end RNA sequencing on differentiated SH-SY5Y cells infected with lentiviral constructs of tau isoforms and treated with amyloid-beta oligomers. Our transcriptomic findings were validated using publicly available RNA-sequencing data from Alzheimer's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy and control human samples from the Accelerating Medicine's Partnership for AD (AMP-AD). Significance for biochemical assays was determined using Wilcoxon ranked-sum tests and false discovery rate. Transcriptome analysis was conducted through DESeq2 and the TEToolkit suite available from the Hammell lab at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. Our analyses show overexpression of different tau isoforms and their interactions with amyloid-beta in SH-SY5Y cells result in isoform-specific changes in the transcriptome, with locus-specific transposable element dysregulation patterns paralleling those seen in patients with Alzheimer's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. Locus-level transposable element expression showed increased dysregulation of L1 and Alu sites, which have been shown to drive pathology in other neurological diseases. We also demonstrated differences in rates of cell death in SH-SY5Y cells depending on tau isoform overexpression. These results demonstrate the importance of examining tau isoforms' role in neurodegeneration and of further examining transposable element dysregulation in tauopathies and its role in activating the innate immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Grundman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Brian Spencer
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Floyd Sarsoza
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Song S, Ashok A, Williams D, Kaufman M, Duff K, Sproul A. Efficient Derivation of Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Stably Expressing Direct Reprogramming Factors. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e141. [PMID: 34102035 PMCID: PMC8191582 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It is essential to generate isolated populations of human neuronal subtypes in order to understand cell-type-specific roles in brain function and susceptibility to disease pathology. Here we describe a protocol for in-parallel generation of cortical glutamatergic (excitatory) and GABAergic (inhibitory) neurons from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) by using the neurogenic transcription factors Ngn2 and a combination of Ascl1 and Dlx2, respectively. In contrast to the majority of neural transdifferentiation protocols that use transient lentiviral infection, the use of stable hPSC lines carrying doxycycline-inducible transcription factors allows neuronal differentiation to be initiated by addition of doxycycline and neural medium. This article presents a method to generate lentivirus from cultured mammalian cells and establish stable transcription factor-expressing cell lines (Basic Protocol 1), followed by a method for monolayer excitatory and inhibitory neuronal differentiation from the established lines (Basic Protocol 2). The resulting neurons reproducibly exhibit properties consistent with human cortical neurons, including the expected morphologies, expression of glutamatergic and GABAergic genes, and functional properties. Our approach enables the scalable and rapid production of human neurons suitable for modeling human brain diseases in a subtype-specific manner and examination of differential cellular vulnerability. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Lentivirus production and generation of stable hPSC lines Support Protocol 1: Expansion and maintenance of hPSCs Basic Protocol 2: Differentiation of EX- and IN-neurons Support Protocol 2: Experimental methods for validation of EX- and IN-neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saera Song
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Archana Ashok
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Damian Williams
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Maria Kaufman
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Karen Duff
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Current address: UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Sproul
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Habekost M, Qvist P, Denham M, Holm IE, Jørgensen AL. Directly Reprogrammed Neurons Express MAPT and APP Splice Variants Pertinent to Ageing and Neurodegeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2075-2087. [PMID: 33415685 PMCID: PMC8018937 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02258-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurons produced by reprogramming of other cell types are used to study cellular mechanisms of age-related neurodegenerative diseases. To model Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies, it is essential that alternative splicing of the MAPT transcript in these neurons produces the relevant tau isoforms. Human neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells, however, express tau isoform compositions characteristic of foetal neurons rather than of adult neurons unless cultured in vitro for extended time periods. In this study, we characterised the dynamics of the MAPT and APP alternative splicing during a developmental time-course of porcine and murine cerebral cortices. We found age-dependent and species-specific isoform composition of MAPT, including 3R and 4R isoforms in the porcine adult brain similar to that of the adult human brain. We converted adult and embryonic fibroblasts directly into induced neurons and found similar developmental patterns of isoform composition, notably, the 3R and 4R isoforms relevant to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Also, we observed cell-type-specific isoform expression of APP transcripts during the conversion. The approach was further used to generate induced neurons from transgenic pigs carrying Alzheimer's disease-causing mutations. We show that such neurons authentically model the first crucial steps in AD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mette Habekost
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000C, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000C, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Per Qvist
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000C, Aarhus, Denmark
- iPSYCH, Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, 8000C, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, 8000C, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mark Denham
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000C, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000C, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ida E Holm
- Department of Pathology, Randers Hospital, 8930, Randers, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000C, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Current and future applications of induced pluripotent stem cell-based models to study pathological proteins in neurodegenerative disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:2685-2706. [PMID: 33495544 PMCID: PMC8505258 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00999-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders emerge from the failure of intricate cellular mechanisms, which ultimately lead to the loss of vulnerable neuronal populations. Research conducted across several laboratories has now provided compelling evidence that pathogenic proteins can also contribute to non-cell autonomous toxicity in several neurodegenerative contexts, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases as well as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Given the nearly ubiquitous nature of abnormal protein accumulation in such disorders, elucidating the mechanisms and routes underlying these processes is essential to the development of effective treatments. To this end, physiologically relevant human in vitro models are critical to understand the processes surrounding uptake, release and nucleation under physiological or pathological conditions. This review explores the use of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to study prion-like protein propagation in neurodegenerative diseases, discusses advantages and limitations of this model, and presents emerging technologies that, combined with the use of iPSC-based models, will provide powerful model systems to propel fundamental research forward.
Collapse
|
32
|
Frühbeis C, Kuo-Elsner WP, Müller C, Barth K, Peris L, Tenzer S, Möbius W, Werner HB, Nave KA, Fröhlich D, Krämer-Albers EM. Oligodendrocytes support axonal transport and maintenance via exosome secretion. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000621. [PMID: 33351792 PMCID: PMC7787684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons extend long axons that require maintenance and are susceptible to degeneration. Long-term integrity of axons depends on intrinsic mechanisms including axonal transport and extrinsic support from adjacent glial cells. The mechanisms of support provided by myelinating oligodendrocytes to underlying axons are only partly understood. Oligodendrocytes release extracellular vesicles (EVs) with properties of exosomes, which upon delivery to neurons improve neuronal viability in vitro. Here, we show that oligodendroglial exosome secretion is impaired in 2 mouse mutants exhibiting secondary axonal degeneration due to oligodendrocyte-specific gene defects. Wild-type oligodendroglial exosomes support neurons by improving the metabolic state and promoting axonal transport in nutrient-deprived neurons. Mutant oligodendrocytes release fewer exosomes, which share a common signature of underrepresented proteins. Notably, mutant exosomes lack the ability to support nutrient-deprived neurons and to promote axonal transport. Together, these findings indicate that glia-to-neuron exosome transfer promotes neuronal long-term maintenance by facilitating axonal transport, providing a novel mechanistic link between myelin diseases and secondary loss of axonal integrity. The long-term integrity of neuronal axons depends on intrinsic mechanisms such as axonal transport and on extrinsic support from adjacent glial cells. This study shows that genetic defects in glia that affect axonal integrity impair the secretion of oligodendrocyte exosomes and their ability to support nutrient-deprived neurons and promote axonal transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Frühbeis
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wen Ping Kuo-Elsner
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christina Müller
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kerstin Barth
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Leticia Peris
- Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble, France
| | - Stefan Tenzer
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wiebke Möbius
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hauke B. Werner
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Fröhlich
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Translational Neuroscience Facility and Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eva-Maria Krämer-Albers
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
The role of hnRNPs in frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 140:599-623. [PMID: 32748079 PMCID: PMC7547044 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated RNA metabolism is emerging as a crucially important mechanism underpinning the pathogenesis of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and the clinically, genetically and pathologically overlapping disorder of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) comprise a family of RNA-binding proteins with diverse, multi-functional roles across all aspects of mRNA processing. The role of these proteins in neurodegeneration is far from understood. Here, we review some of the unifying mechanisms by which hnRNPs have been directly or indirectly linked with FTD/ALS pathogenesis, including their incorporation into pathological inclusions and their best-known roles in pre-mRNA splicing regulation. We also discuss the broader functionalities of hnRNPs including their roles in cryptic exon repression, stress granule assembly and in co-ordinating the DNA damage response, which are all emerging pathogenic themes in both diseases. We then present an integrated model that depicts how a broad-ranging network of pathogenic events can arise from declining levels of functional hnRNPs that are inadequately compensated for by autoregulatory means. Finally, we provide a comprehensive overview of the most functionally relevant cellular roles, in the context of FTD/ALS pathogenesis, for hnRNPs A1-U.
Collapse
|
34
|
Gupta VB, Chitranshi N, den Haan J, Mirzaei M, You Y, Lim JK, Basavarajappa D, Godinez A, Di Angelantonio S, Sachdev P, Salekdeh GH, Bouwman F, Graham S, Gupta V. Retinal changes in Alzheimer's disease- integrated prospects of imaging, functional and molecular advances. Prog Retin Eye Res 2020; 82:100899. [PMID: 32890742 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder of the brain, clinically characterised by cognitive deficits that gradually worsen over time. There is, at present, no established cure, or disease-modifying treatments for AD. As life expectancy increases globally, the number of individuals suffering from the disease is projected to increase substantially. Cumulative evidence indicates that AD neuropathological process is initiated several years, if not decades, before clinical signs are evident in patients, and diagnosis made. While several imaging, cognitive, CSF and blood-based biomarkers have been proposed for the early detection of AD; their sensitivity and specificity in the symptomatic stages is highly variable and it is difficult to justify their use in even earlier, pre-clinical stages of the disease. Research has identified potentially measurable functional, structural, metabolic and vascular changes in the retina during early stages of AD. Retina offers a distinctively accessible insight into brain pathology and current and developing ophthalmic technologies have provided us with the possibility of detecting and characterising subtle, disease-related changes. Recent human and animal model studies have further provided mechanistic insights into the biochemical pathways that are altered in the retina in disease, including amyloid and tau deposition. This information coupled with advances in molecular imaging has allowed attempts to monitor biochemical changes and protein aggregation pathology in the retina in AD. This review summarises the existing knowledge that informs our understanding of the impact of AD on the retina and highlights some of the gaps that need to be addressed. Future research will integrate molecular imaging innovation with functional and structural changes to enhance our knowledge of the AD pathophysiological mechanisms and establish the utility of monitoring retinal changes as a potential biomarker for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veer B Gupta
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, VIC, Australia
| | - Nitin Chitranshi
- Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Jurre den Haan
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Yuyi You
- Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Jeremiah Kh Lim
- Optometry and Vision Science, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Devaraj Basavarajappa
- Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Angela Godinez
- Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Silvia Di Angelantonio
- Center for Life Nanoscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Perminder Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain and Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ghasem H Salekdeh
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Femke Bouwman
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands
| | - Stuart Graham
- Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia; Save Sight Institute, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia.
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Traffic signaling: new functions of huntingtin and axonal transport in neurological disease. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2020; 63:122-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
36
|
Tau and Alpha Synuclein Synergistic Effect in Neurodegenerative Diseases: When the Periphery Is the Core. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145030. [PMID: 32708732 PMCID: PMC7404325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In neuronal cells, tau is a microtubule-associated protein placed in axons and alpha synuclein is enriched at presynaptic terminals. They display a propensity to form pathologic aggregates, which are considered the underlying cause of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Their functional impairment induces loss of axonal transport, synaptic and mitochondrial disarray, leading to a "dying back" pattern of degeneration, which starts at the periphery of cells. In addition, pathologic spreading of alpha-synuclein from the peripheral nervous system to the brain through anatomical connectivity has been demonstrated for Parkinson's disease. Thus, examination of the extent and types of tau and alpha-synuclein in peripheral tissues and their relation to brain neurodegenerative diseases is of relevance since it may provide insights into patterns of protein aggregation and neurodegeneration. Moreover, peripheral nervous tissues are easily accessible in-vivo and can play a relevant role in the early diagnosis of these conditions. Up-to-date investigations of tau species in peripheral tissues are scant and have mainly been restricted to rodents, whereas, more evidence is available on alpha synuclein in peripheral tissues. Here we aim to review the literature on the functional role of tau and alpha synuclein in physiological conditions and disease at the axonal level, their distribution in peripheral tissues, and discuss possible commonalities/diversities as well as their interaction in proteinopathies.
Collapse
|
37
|
Gorantla NV, Chinnathambi S. Autophagic Pathways to Clear the Tau Aggregates in Alzheimer's Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 41:1175-1181. [PMID: 32529542 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00897-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein with an intrinsically unstructured conformation. Tau is subjected to several pathological post-translational modifications (PTMs), leading to its loss of interaction with microtubules and accumulation as neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in neurons. Tau aggregates impede functions of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria leading to the generation of oxidative stress and in turn amplifying the Tau aggregation. Tau is channelled to chaperones for folding into their native form, which otherwise causes its degradation and clearance. Cellular response triggers the activation of ubiquitin-proteasome system or autophagy to facilitate Tau degradation, based on the PTMs or mutations associated with Tau. Further, autophagy can be selective where Hsc70 interacts with Tau in monomeric, oligomeric and aggregated form and drives its clearance by chaperone-mediated autophagy pathway (CMA). Lysosome-associated membrane proteins-2A (LAMP-2A) is the key player of CMA that recognises Hsc70-Tau complex and triggers the downstream cascade. Thus, it becomes challenging for mutant Tau to be cleared by CMA as it loses its affinity for Hsc70 and LAMP-2A. In such a scenario, Tau might be degraded by macroautophagy otherwise sequestered by aggresomes. Henceforth, the degradation of Tau and its blockage that is associated with various PTMs of Tau would explain the dynamics of Tau degradation or accumulation in AD. Further, unveiling the role of accessory proteins involved in these degradation pathways would help in understanding their loss of function and preventing Tau clearance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nalini Vijay Gorantla
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Pune, 411008, India
| | - Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Pune, 411008, India.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Uddin MS, Kabir MT, Tewari D, Mamun AA, Mathew B, Aleya L, Barreto GE, Bin-Jumah MN, Abdel-Daim MM, Ashraf GM. Revisiting the role of brain and peripheral Aβ in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Sci 2020; 416:116974. [PMID: 32559516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ) is an intricate molecule that interacts with several biomolecules and/or produces insoluble assemblies and eventually the nonphysiological depositions of its alternate with normal neuronal conditions leading to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ is formed through the proteolytic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Significant efforts are being made to explore the exact role of Aβ in AD pathogenesis. It is believed that the deposition of Aβ in the brain takes place from Aβ components which are derived from the brain itself. However, recent evidence suggests that Aβ derived also from the periphery and hence the Aβ circulating in the blood is capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the role of Aβ derived from the periphery is largely unknown so far. Therefore, Aβ origin determination and the underlying mechanisms of its pathological effects are of considerable interest in exploring effective therapeutic strategies. The purpose of this review is to provide a novel insight into AD pathogenesis based on Aβ in both the brain and periphery and highlight new therapeutic avenues to combat AD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | | | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ahalia School of Pharmacy, Palakkad, India
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - May N Bin-Jumah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11474, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Barthet G, Mulle C. Presynaptic failure in Alzheimer's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 194:101801. [PMID: 32428558 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic loss is the best correlate of cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Extensive experimental evidence also indicates alterations of synaptic properties at the early stages of disease progression, before synapse loss and neuronal degeneration. A majority of studies in mouse models of AD have focused on post-synaptic mechanisms, including impairment of long-term plasticity, spine structure and glutamate receptor-mediated transmission. Here we review the literature indicating that the synaptic pathology in AD includes a strong presynaptic component. We describe the evidence indicating presynaptic physiological functions of the major molecular players in AD. These include the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the two presenilin (PS) paralogs PS1 or PS2, genetically linked to the early-onset form of AD, in addition to tau which accumulates in a pathological form in the AD brain. Three main mechanisms participating in presynaptic functions are highlighted. APP fragments bind to presynaptic receptors (e.g. nAChRs and GABAB receptors), presenilins control Ca2+ homeostasis and Ca2+-sensors, and tau regulates the localization of presynaptic molecules and synaptic vesicles. We then discuss how impairment of these presynaptic physiological functions can explain or forecast the hallmarks of synaptic impairment and associated dysfunction of neuronal circuits in AD. Beyond the physiological roles of the AD-related proteins, studies in AD brains also support preferential presynaptic alteration. This review features presynaptic failure as a strong component of pathological mechanisms in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gael Barthet
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297, University of Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Mulle
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297, University of Bordeaux, France.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bagyinszky E, Giau VV, An SA. Transcriptomics in Alzheimer's Disease: Aspects and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3517. [PMID: 32429229 PMCID: PMC7278930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Although the heritability of AD is high, the knowledge of the disease-associated genes, their expression, and their disease-related pathways remain limited. Hence, finding the association between gene dysfunctions and pathological mechanisms, such as neuronal transports, APP processing, calcium homeostasis, and impairment in mitochondria, should be crucial. Emerging studies have revealed that changes in gene expression and gene regulation may have a strong impact on neurodegeneration. The mRNA-transcription factor interactions, non-coding RNAs, alternative splicing, or copy number variants could also play a role in disease onset. These facts suggest that understanding the impact of transcriptomes in AD may improve the disease diagnosis and also the therapies. In this review, we highlight recent transcriptome investigations in multifactorial AD, with emphasis on the insights emerging at their interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Bagyinszky
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Environment, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
| | - Vo Van Giau
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Environment, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
| | - SeongSoo A. An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Saez TMM, Fernandez Bessone I, Rodriguez MS, Alloatti M, Otero MG, Cromberg LE, Pozo Devoto VM, Oubiña G, Sosa L, Buffone MG, Gelman DM, Falzone TL. Kinesin-1-mediated axonal transport of CB1 receptors is required for cannabinoid-dependent axonal growth and guidance. Development 2020; 147:dev184069. [PMID: 32265198 PMCID: PMC7188441 DOI: 10.1242/dev.184069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids (eCB) modulate growth cone dynamics and axonal pathfinding through the stimulation of cannabinoid type-1 receptors (CB1R), the function of which depends on their delivery and precise presentation at the growth cone surface. However, the mechanism involved in the axonal transport of CB1R and its transport role in eCB signaling remains elusive. As mutations in the kinesin-1 molecular motor have been identified in patients with abnormal cortical development and impaired white matter integrity, we studied the defects in axonal pathfinding and fasciculation in mice lacking the kinesin light chain 1 (Klc1-/-) subunit of kinesin-1. Reduced levels of CB1R were found in corticofugal projections and axonal growth cones in Klc1-/- mice. By live-cell imaging of CB1R-eGFP we characterized the axonal transport of CB1R vesicles and described the defects in transport that arise after KLC1 deletion. Cofilin activation, which is necessary for actin dynamics during growth cone remodeling, is impaired in the Klc1-/- cerebral cortex. In addition, Klc1-/- neurons showed expanded growth cones that were unresponsive to CB1R-induced axonal elongation. Together, our data reveal the relevance of kinesin-1 in CB1R axonal transport and in eCB signaling during brain wiring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trinidad M M Saez
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia, IBCN (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CP 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Iván Fernandez Bessone
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia, IBCN (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CP 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María S Rodriguez
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia, IBCN (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CP 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matías Alloatti
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia, IBCN (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CP 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María G Otero
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia, IBCN (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CP 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas E Cromberg
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia, IBCN (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CP 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Victorio M Pozo Devoto
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia, IBCN (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CP 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Oubiña
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IBYME (CONICET), CP 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas Sosa
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CP 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mariano G Buffone
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IBYME (CONICET), CP 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego M Gelman
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IBYME (CONICET), CP 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tomás L Falzone
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia, IBCN (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CP 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IBYME (CONICET), CP 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Poverennaya EV, Kiseleva OI, Ivanov AS, Ponomarenko EA. Methods of Computational Interactomics for Investigating Interactions of Human Proteoforms. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 85:68-79. [PMID: 32079518 DOI: 10.1134/s000629792001006x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Human genome contains ca. 20,000 protein-coding genes that could be translated into millions of unique protein species (proteoforms). Proteoforms coded by a single gene often have different functions, which implies different protein partners. By interacting with each other, proteoforms create a network reflecting the dynamics of cellular processes in an organism. Perturbations of protein-protein interactions change the network topology, which often triggers pathological processes. Studying proteoforms is a relatively new research area in proteomics, and this is why there are comparatively few experimental studies on the interaction of proteoforms. Bioinformatics tools can facilitate such studies by providing valuable complementary information to the experimental data and, in particular, expanding the possibilities of the studies of proteoform interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - O I Kiseleva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - A S Ivanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lee BP, Smith M, Buffenstein R, Harries LW. Negligible senescence in naked mole rats may be a consequence of well-maintained splicing regulation. GeroScience 2020; 42:633-651. [PMID: 31927681 PMCID: PMC7205774 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00150-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Naked mole-rats (NMRs) have amongst the longest lifespans relative to body size of any known, non-volant mammalian species. They also display an enhanced stress resistance phenotype, negligible senescence and very rarely are they burdened with chronic age-related diseases. Alternative splicing (AS) dysregulation is emerging as a potential driver of senescence and ageing. We hypothesised that the expression of splicing factors, important regulators of patterns of AS, may differ in NMRs when compared to other species with relatively shorter lifespans. We designed assays specific to NMR splicing regulatory factors and also to a panel of pre-selected brain-expressed genes known to demonstrate senescence-related alterations in AS in other species, and measured age-related changes in the transcript expression levels of these using embryonic and neonatal developmental stages through to extreme old age in NMR brain samples. We also compared splicing factor expression in both young mouse and NMR spleen and brain samples. Both NMR tissues showed approximately double the expression levels observed in tissues from similarly sized mice. Furthermore, contrary to observations in other species, following a brief period of labile expression in early life stages, adult NMR splicing factors and patterns of AS for functionally relevant brain genes remained remarkably stable for at least two decades. These findings are consistent with a model whereby the conservation of splicing regulation and stable patterns of AS may contribute to better molecular stress responses and the avoidance of senescence in NMRs, contributing to their exceptional lifespan and prolonged healthspan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B P Lee
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - M Smith
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, 1170 Veterans Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - R Buffenstein
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, 1170 Veterans Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
| | - L W Harries
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lye JJ, Latorre E, Lee BP, Bandinelli S, Holley JE, Gutowski NJ, Ferrucci L, Harries LW. Astrocyte senescence may drive alterations in GFAPα, CDKN2A p14 ARF, and TAU3 transcript expression and contribute to cognitive decline. GeroScience 2019; 41:561-573. [PMID: 31654269 PMCID: PMC6885035 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of senescent cells in tissues is causally linked to the development of several age-related diseases; the removal of senescent glial cells in animal models prevents Tau accumulation and cognitive decline. Senescent cells can arise through several distinct mechanisms; one such mechanism is dysregulation of alternative splicing. In this study, we characterised the senescent cell phenotype in primary human astrocytes in terms of SA-β-Gal staining and SASP secretion, and then assessed splicing factor expression and candidate gene splicing patterns. Finally, we assessed associations between expression of dysregulated isoforms and premature cognitive decline in 197 samples from the InCHIANTI study of ageing, where expression was present in both blood and brain. We demonstrate here that senescent astrocytes secrete a modified SASP characterised by increased IL8, MMP3, MMP10, and TIMP2 but decreased IL10 levels. We identified significant changes in splicing factor expression for 10/20 splicing factors tested in senescent astrocytes compared with early passage cells, as well as dysregulation of isoform levels for 8/13 brain or senescence genes tested. Finally, associations were identified between peripheral blood GFAPα, TAU3, and CDKN2A (P14ARF) isoform levels and mild or severe cognitive decline over a 3–7-year period. Our data are suggestive that some of the features of cognitive decline may arise from dysregulated splicing of important genes in senescent brain support cells, and that defects in alternative splicing or splicing regulator expression deserve exploration as points of therapeutic intervention in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jed J Lye
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, Devon, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Eva Latorre
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, Devon, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Ben P Lee
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, Devon, EX2 5DW, UK
| | | | - Janet E Holley
- University of Exeter Medical School & Neurology Department, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Nicholas J Gutowski
- University of Exeter Medical School & Neurology Department, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- National Institute on Aging, Clinical Research Branch, Harbor Hospital, Baltimore, MD, 21225, USA
| | - Lorna W Harries
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, Devon, EX2 5DW, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Talwar P, Kushwaha S, Gupta R, Agarwal R. Systemic Immune Dyshomeostasis Model and Pathways in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:290. [PMID: 31736740 PMCID: PMC6838686 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) still remains an enigma for researchers and clinicians. The onset of AD is insidious, gradually progressive and multifactorial. The recent accumulated scientific evidences suggests that the pathological changes resemble the autoimmune-driven self-sustaining inflammatory process as a result of prolonged oxidative stress and immune dyshomeostasis. Apart from aging, during life span various other factors-mainly environmental, lifestyle, chronic stress, polymicrobial infections and neuroendocrine functions-affect the immune system. Here, we provide crosstalk among "trigger insults/inflammatory stimulus" i.e., polymicrobial infection, chronic stress, pro-inflammatory diet and cholinergic signaling to put forward a "Systemic Immune Dyshomeostasis" model as to connect the events leading to AD development and progression. Our model implicates altered cholinergic signaling and suggests pathological stages with various modifiable risk factors and triggers at different chronological age and stage of cognitive decline. The search of specific autoantibodies for AD which may serve as the suitable blood/CSF biomarkers should be actively pursued for the early diagnosis of AD. The preventive and therapeutic strategies should be directed towards maintaining the normal functioning of the immune system throughout the life span and specific modulation of the immune responses in the brain depending on the stage of changes in brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Talwar
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences (IHBAS), University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Suman Kushwaha
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences (IHBAS), University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Renu Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences (IHBAS), University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rachna Agarwal
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences (IHBAS), University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
|
47
|
Hawkins KE, Duchen M. Modelling mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease using human induced pluripotent stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:236-253. [PMID: 31171953 PMCID: PMC6545525 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i5.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. To date, only five pharmacological agents have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for clinical use in AD, all of which target the symptoms of the disease rather than the cause. Increasing our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of AD will facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies. Over the years, the major hypotheses of AD etiology have focused on deposition of amyloid beta and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review we highlight the potential of experimental model systems based on human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to provide novel insights into the cellular pathophysiology underlying neurodegeneration in AD. Whilst Down syndrome and familial AD iPSC models faithfully reproduce features of AD such as accumulation of Aβ and tau, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, sporadic AD is much more difficult to model in this way due to its complex etiology. Nevertheless, iPSC-based modelling of AD has provided invaluable insights into the underlying pathophysiology of the disease, and has a huge potential for use as a platform for drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Elizabeth Hawkins
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Duchen
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Arbones ML, Thomazeau A, Nakano-Kobayashi A, Hagiwara M, Delabar JM. DYRK1A and cognition: A lifelong relationship. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 194:199-221. [PMID: 30268771 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The dosage of the serine threonine kinase DYRK1A is critical in the central nervous system (CNS) during development and aging. This review analyzes the functions of this kinase by considering its interacting partners and pathways. The role of DYRK1A in controlling the differentiation of prenatal newly formed neurons is presented separately from its role at the pre- and post-synaptic levels in the adult CNS; its effects on synaptic plasticity are also discussed. Because this kinase is positioned at the crossroads of many important processes, genetic dosage errors in this protein produce devastating effects arising from DYRK1A deficiency, such as in MRD7, an autism spectrum disorder, or from DYRK1A excess, such as in Down syndrome. Effects of these errors have been shown in various animal models including Drosophila, zebrafish, and mice. Dysregulation of DYRK1A levels also occurs in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Finally, this review describes inhibitors that have been assessed in vivo. Accurate targeting of DYRK1A levels in the brain, with either inhibitors or activators, is a future research challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Arbones
- Department of Developmental Biology, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Aurore Thomazeau
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Akiko Nakano-Kobayashi
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Jean M Delabar
- INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMRS 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Nanodelivery of cerebrolysin reduces pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2019; 245:201-246. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
50
|
Li H, Liu CC, Zheng H, Huang TY. Amyloid, tau, pathogen infection and antimicrobial protection in Alzheimer's disease -conformist, nonconformist, and realistic prospects for AD pathogenesis. Transl Neurodegener 2018; 7:34. [PMID: 30603085 PMCID: PMC6306008 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-018-0139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a fatal disease that threatens the quality of life of an aging population at a global scale. Various hypotheses on the etiology of AD have been developed over the years to guide efforts in search of therapeutic strategies. MAIN BODY In this review, we focus on four AD hypotheses currently relevant to AD onset: the prevailing amyloid cascade hypothesis, the well-recognized tau hypothesis, the increasingly popular pathogen (viral infection) hypothesis, and the infection-related antimicrobial protection hypothesis. In briefly reviewing the main evidence supporting each hypothesis and discussing the questions that need to be addressed, we hope to gain a better understanding of the complicated multi-layered interactions in potential causal and/or risk factors in AD pathogenesis. As a defining feature of AD, the existence of amyloid deposits is likely fundamental to AD onset but is insufficient to wholly reproduce many complexities of the disorder. A similar belief is currently also applied to hyperphosphorylated tau aggregates within neurons, where tau has been postulated to drive neurodegeneration in the presence of pre-existing Aβ plaques in the brain. Although infection of the central nerve system by pathogens such as viruses may increase AD risk, it is yet to be determined whether this phenomenon is applicable to all cases of sporadic AD and whether it is a primary trigger for AD onset. Lastly, the antimicrobial protection hypothesis provides insight into a potential physiological role for Aβ peptides, but how Aβ/microbial interactions affect AD pathogenesis during aging awaits further validation. Nevertheless, this hypothesis cautions potential adverse effects in Aβ-targeting therapies by hindering potential roles for Aβ in anti-viral protection. CONCLUSION AD is a multi-factor complex disorder, which likely requires a combinatorial therapeutic approach to successfully slow or reduce symptomatic memory decline. A better understanding of how various causal and/or risk factors affecting disease onset and progression will enhance the likelihood of conceiving effective treatment paradigms, which may involve personalized treatment strategies for individual patients at varying stages of disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL USA
| | - Chia-Chen Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL USA
| | - Hui Zheng
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Timothy Y. Huang
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, San Diego, CA USA
| |
Collapse
|