1
|
Kubrak O, Jørgensen AF, Koyama T, Lassen M, Nagy S, Hald J, Mazzoni G, Madsen D, Hansen JB, Larsen MR, Texada MJ, Hansen JL, Halberg KV, Rewitz K. LGR signaling mediates muscle-adipose tissue crosstalk and protects against diet-induced insulin resistance. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6126. [PMID: 39033139 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50468-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity impairs tissue insulin sensitivity and signaling, promoting type-2 diabetes. Although improving insulin signaling is key to reversing diabetes, the multi-organ mechanisms regulating this process are poorly defined. Here, we screen the secretome and receptome in Drosophila to identify the hormonal crosstalk affecting diet-induced insulin resistance and obesity. We discover a complex interplay between muscle, neuronal, and adipose tissues, mediated by Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling and the hormone Bursicon, that enhances insulin signaling and sugar tolerance. Muscle-derived BMP signaling, induced by sugar, governs neuronal Bursicon signaling. Bursicon, through its receptor Rickets, a Leucine-rich-repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor (LGR), improves insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue, mitigating hyperglycemia. In mouse adipocytes, loss of the Rickets ortholog LGR4 blunts insulin responses, showing an essential role of LGR4 in adipocyte insulin sensitivity. Our findings reveal a muscle-neuronal-fat-tissue axis driving metabolic adaptation to high-sugar conditions, identifying LGR4 as a critical mediator in this regulatory network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kubrak
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | - Anne F Jørgensen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen O, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaløv, Denmark
| | - Takashi Koyama
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | - Mette Lassen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | - Stanislav Nagy
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | - Jacob Hald
- Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaløv, Denmark
| | | | - Dennis Madsen
- Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaløv, Denmark
| | - Jacob B Hansen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | - Martin Røssel Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Michael J Texada
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | | | - Kenneth V Halberg
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | - Kim Rewitz
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen O, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ott S, Xu S, Lee N, Hong I, Anns J, Suresh DD, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Harion R, Ye W, Chandramouli V, Jesuthasan S, Saheki Y, Claridge-Chang A. Kalium channelrhodopsins effectively inhibit neurons. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3480. [PMID: 38658537 PMCID: PMC11043423 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47203-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The analysis of neural circuits has been revolutionized by optogenetic methods. Light-gated chloride-conducting anion channelrhodopsins (ACRs)-recently emerged as powerful neuron inhibitors. For cells or sub-neuronal compartments with high intracellular chloride concentrations, however, a chloride conductance can have instead an activating effect. The recently discovered light-gated, potassium-conducting, kalium channelrhodopsins (KCRs) might serve as an alternative in these situations, with potentially broad application. As yet, KCRs have not been shown to confer potent inhibitory effects in small genetically tractable animals. Here, we evaluated the utility of KCRs to suppress behavior and inhibit neural activity in Drosophila, Caenorhabditis elegans, and zebrafish. In direct comparisons with ACR1, a KCR1 variant with enhanced plasma-membrane trafficking displayed comparable potency, but with improved properties that include reduced toxicity and superior efficacy in putative high-chloride cells. This comparative analysis of behavioral inhibition between chloride- and potassium-selective silencing tools establishes KCRs as next-generation optogenetic inhibitors for in vivo circuit analysis in behaving animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Ott
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sangyu Xu
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicole Lee
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ivan Hong
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jonathan Anns
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Danesha Devini Suresh
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xianyuan Zhang
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Raihanah Harion
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Weiying Ye
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vaishnavi Chandramouli
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Suresh Jesuthasan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yasunori Saheki
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adam Claridge-Chang
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sullivan LF, Barker MS, Felix PC, Vuong RQ, White BH. Neuromodulation and the toolkit for behavioural evolution: can ecdysis shed light on an old problem? FEBS J 2024; 291:1049-1079. [PMID: 36223183 PMCID: PMC10166064 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The geneticist Thomas Dobzhansky famously declared: 'Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution'. A key evolutionary adaptation of Metazoa is directed movement, which has been elaborated into a spectacularly varied number of behaviours in animal clades. The mechanisms by which animal behaviours have evolved, however, remain unresolved. This is due, in part, to the indirect control of behaviour by the genome, which provides the components for both building and operating the brain circuits that generate behaviour. These brain circuits are adapted to respond flexibly to environmental contingencies and physiological needs and can change as a function of experience. The resulting plasticity of behavioural expression makes it difficult to characterize homologous elements of behaviour and to track their evolution. Here, we evaluate progress in identifying the genetic substrates of behavioural evolution and suggest that examining adaptive changes in neuromodulatory signalling may be a particularly productive focus for future studies. We propose that the behavioural sequences used by ecdysozoans to moult are an attractive model for studying the role of neuromodulation in behavioural evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis F Sullivan
- Section on Neural Function, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew S Barker
- Section on Neural Function, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Princess C Felix
- Section on Neural Function, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard Q Vuong
- Section on Neural Function, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin H White
- Section on Neural Function, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou ZX, Dou W, Wang M, Shang F, Wang JJ. Bursicon regulates wing expansion via PKA in the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:388-396. [PMID: 37708392 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bursicon is a heterodimeric neuropeptide that is involved in many physiological activities such as cuticle tanning, wing expansion, reproduction and immunity in insects. In this study, the role of bursicon in the wing expansion was investigated in Bactrocera dorsalis, an important invasive insect pest in agriculture. RESULTS The cDNA sequences and deduced amino acids of bursicon genes (named BdBurs-α and BdBurs-β) were determined, and two proteins typically contained 11 cysteine residues in conserved positions that were highly conserved in other insect species. The spatiotemporal expressions of bursicon genes showed that higher expression occurred at the pupal, early adult stage and ovaries, and lower expression at the late larval stage and in wing tissue (8-day-old pupae). Dysfunction of bursicon genes by dsRNA microinjection into 5-day-old pupae reduced PKA (a downstream component of the bursicon pathway) activity and resulted in malformed adult wings. PKA inhibitor injection into 5-day-old pupae also resulted in similar phenotypes. Hematoxylin & eosin staining of the adult wing showed that RNAi and PKA inhibitor treatment reduced the thickness of the wing cuticle, which wing cuticle thickness were ≈50% thinner than in the control. Furthermore, the expression of hedgehog (Bdhh) (one of 10 tested genes related to wing development) was significantly upregulated after RNAi and PKA inhibitor application. CONCLUSION The results indicate that bursicon plays a crucial role in the wing expansion of B. dorsalis, suggesting bursicon genes have potential to be the targets for B. dorsalis control. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xiong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Academy of Agricultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Dou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Academy of Agricultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Shang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Academy of Agricultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Academy of Agricultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yu H, Yang B, Wang L, Wang S, Wang K, Song Q, Zhang H. Neuropeptide hormone bursicon mediates female reproduction in the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1277439. [PMID: 37854192 PMCID: PMC10579919 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1277439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bursicon, a neuropeptide hormone comprising two subunits-bursicon (burs) and partner of burs (pburs), belongs to the cystine-knot protein family. Bursicon heterodimers and homodimers bind to the lucine-rich G-protein coupled receptor (LGR) encoded by rickets to regulate multiple physiological processes in arthropods. Notably, these processes encompass the regulation of female reproduction, a recent revelation in Tribolium castaneum. In this study we investigated the role of burs/pburs/rickets in mediating female vitellogenesis and reproduction in a hemipteran insect, the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. Our investigation unveiled a synchronized expression of burs, pburs and rickets, with their transcripts persisting detectable in the days following eclosion. RNAi-mediated knockdown of burs, pburs or rickets significantly suppressed the transcript levels of vitellogenin (Vg) and Vg receptor in the female whiteflies. These effects also impaired ovarian maturation and female fecundity, as evidenced by a reduction in the number of eggs laid per female, a decrease in egg size and a decline in egg hatching rate. Furthermore, knockdown of burs, pburs or rickets led to diminished juvenile hormone (JH) titers and reduced transcript level of Kruppel homolog-1. However, this impact did not extend to genes in the insulin pathway or target of rapamycin pathway, deviating from the results observed in T. castaneum. Taken together, we conclude that burs/pburs/rickets regulates the vitellogenesis and reproduction in the whiteflies by coordinating with the JH signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- Department of Natural Resources, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Natural Resources, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Liuhao Wang
- Department of Natural Resources, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Sijia Wang
- Department of Natural Resources, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Kui Wang
- Department of Natural Resources, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Qisheng Song
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Natural Resources, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Seong KH, Uemura T, Kang S. Road to sexual maturity: Behavioral event schedule from eclosion to first mating in each sex of Drosophila melanogaster. iScience 2023; 26:107502. [PMID: 37636050 PMCID: PMC10448111 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals achieve their first mating through the process of sexual maturation. This study examined the precise and detailed timing of a series of behavioral events, including wing expansion, first feeding, first excretion, and courtship, during sexual maturation from eclosion to first mating in D. melanogaster. We found that the time of first mating is genetically invariant and is not affected by light/dark cycle or food intake after eclosion. We also found sexual dimorphism in locomotor activity after eclosion, with females increasing locomotor activity earlier than males. In addition, we found a time rapidly changing from extremely low to high sexual activity in males post eclosion (named "drastic male courtship arousal" or DMCA). These behavioral traits leading up to the first mating could serve as clear indicators of sexual maturation and establish precisely timed developmental landmarks to explore further the mechanisms underlying the integration of behavioral and physiological sexual maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hyeon Seong
- Department of Liberal Arts and Human Development, Kanagawa University of Human Services, 1-10-1 Heiseicho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8522, Japan
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)-CREST, AMED, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Tadashi Uemura
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Center for Living Systems Information Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)-CREST, AMED, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Siu Kang
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)-CREST, AMED, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhuang L, Li C, Peng F, Xue E, Li W, Sun X, Chen P, Zhou Q, Xue L. Depletion of ESCRT ameliorates APP-induced AD-like symptoms in Drosophila. J Cell Physiol 2023. [PMID: 37183375 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide, produced from amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β and γ-secretases, has been implicated in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the precise intracellular trafficking pathway of APP and its subcellular locations to produce Aβ have remained unclear. To address these issues, we established fly AD models that recapitulated multiple AD-like symptoms by expressing human APP in the Drosophila nerve system. The ESCRT (endosomal sorting complexes required for transport) machinery regulates the sorting and trafficking of endocytosed proteins, yet its role in AD pathogenesis has not been explored in vivo. We found that knockdown of distinct ESCRT components ameliorated APP-induced morphological and behavioral defects, including impaired wing expansion, eye degeneration, dopamine neuron loss, locomotor disability, lifespan shortening, and cognitive deficits. Mechanistically, we showed that impaired ESCRT impeded APP's intracellular transportation from early endosomes to late endosomes, resulting in reduced Aβ production and amyloid deposit load. These data suggest that APP undergoes ESCRT-mediated endocytic trafficking, and Aβ is generated mainly in late endosomes. Our data provide the first in vivo evidence to support a physiological role of ESCRT in AD pathogenesis, suggesting that interfering with ESCRT machinery might be an alternative therapeutic strategy for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luming Zhuang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenglin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Elleen Xue
- Mathey College, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Wenzhe Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyue Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Xue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Guangdong, Zhuhai, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Truman JW, Riddiford LM. Drosophila postembryonic nervous system development: a model for the endocrine control of development. Genetics 2023; 223:iyac184. [PMID: 36645270 PMCID: PMC9991519 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyac184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
During postembryonic life, hormones, including ecdysteroids, juvenile hormones, insulin-like peptides, and activin/TGFβ ligands act to transform the larval nervous system into an adult version, which is a fine-grained mosaic of recycled larval neurons and adult-specific neurons. Hormones provide both instructional signals that make cells competent to undergo developmental change and timing cues to evoke these changes across the nervous system. While touching on all the above hormones, our emphasis is on the ecdysteroids, ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). These are the prime movers of insect molting and metamorphosis and are involved in all phases of nervous system development, including neurogenesis, pruning, arbor outgrowth, and cell death. Ecdysteroids appear as a series of steroid peaks that coordinate the larval molts and the different phases of metamorphosis. Each peak directs a stereotyped cascade of transcription factor expression. The cascade components then direct temporal programs of effector gene expression, but the latter vary markedly according to tissue and life stage. The neurons read the ecdysteroid titer through various isoforms of the ecdysone receptor, a nuclear hormone receptor. For example, at metamorphosis the pruning of larval neurons is mediated through the B isoforms, which have strong activation functions, whereas subsequent outgrowth is mediated through the A isoform through which ecdysteroids play a permissive role to allow local tissue interactions to direct outgrowth. The major circulating ecdysteroid can also change through development. During adult development ecdysone promotes early adult patterning and differentiation while its metabolite, 20E, later evokes terminal adult differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James W Truman
- Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, WA 98250, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lynn M Riddiford
- Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, WA 98250, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen L, Roake CM, Maccallini P, Bavasso F, Dehghannasiri R, Santonicola P, Mendoza-Ferreira N, Scatolini L, Rizzuti L, Esposito A, Gallotta I, Francia S, Cacchione S, Galati A, Palumbo V, Kobin MA, Tartaglia G, Colantoni A, Proietti G, Wu Y, Hammerschmidt M, De Pittà C, Sales G, Salzman J, Pellizzoni L, Wirth B, Di Schiavi E, Gatti M, Artandi S, Raffa GD. TGS1 impacts snRNA 3'-end processing, ameliorates survival motor neuron-dependent neurological phenotypes in vivo and prevents neurodegeneration. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:12400-12424. [PMID: 35947650 PMCID: PMC9757054 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Trimethylguanosine synthase 1 (TGS1) is a highly conserved enzyme that converts the 5'-monomethylguanosine cap of small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) to a trimethylguanosine cap. Here, we show that loss of TGS1 in Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster and Danio rerio results in neurological phenotypes similar to those caused by survival motor neuron (SMN) deficiency. Importantly, expression of human TGS1 ameliorates the SMN-dependent neurological phenotypes in both flies and worms, revealing that TGS1 can partly counteract the effects of SMN deficiency. TGS1 loss in HeLa cells leads to the accumulation of immature U2 and U4atac snRNAs with long 3' tails that are often uridylated. snRNAs with defective 3' terminations also accumulate in Drosophila Tgs1 mutants. Consistent with defective snRNA maturation, TGS1 and SMN mutant cells also exhibit partially overlapping transcriptome alterations that include aberrantly spliced and readthrough transcripts. Together, these results identify a neuroprotective function for TGS1 and reinforce the view that defective snRNA maturation affects neuronal viability and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics Program and Cancer Epigenetics Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Caitlin M Roake
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Paolo Maccallini
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Bavasso
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roozbeh Dehghannasiri
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Natalia Mendoza-Ferreira
- Institute of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Livia Scatolini
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovico Rizzuti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ivan Gallotta
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, IGB-ABT, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Sofia Francia
- IFOM-The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Cacchione
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Galati
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Palumbo
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marie A Kobin
- Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics Program and Cancer Epigenetics Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Gian Gaetano Tartaglia
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome 00161, Italy
- Center for Human Technology, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genoa 16152, Italy
| | - Alessio Colantoni
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome 00161, Italy
- Center for Human Technology, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genoa 16152, Italy
| | - Gabriele Proietti
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome 00161, Italy
- Center for Human Technology, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genoa 16152, Italy
| | - Yunming Wu
- Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics Program and Cancer Epigenetics Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matthias Hammerschmidt
- Institute for Zoology, Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Gabriele Sales
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Julia Salzman
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Livio Pellizzoni
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, NY 10032, USA
| | - Brunhilde Wirth
- Institute of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Elia Di Schiavi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, IBBR, CNR, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, IGB-ABT, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Gatti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari (IBPM) del CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Steven E Artandi
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Grazia D Raffa
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ghosh AC, Hu Y, Tattikota SG, Liu Y, Comjean A, Perrimon N. Modeling exercise using optogenetically contractible Drosophila larvae. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:623. [PMID: 36042416 PMCID: PMC9425970 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08845-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiological effects of a number of metabolic and age-related disorders can be prevented to some extent by exercise and increased physical activity. However, the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the beneficial effects of muscle activity remain poorly explored. Availability of a fast, inexpensive, and genetically tractable model system for muscle activity and exercise will allow the rapid identification and characterization of molecular mechanisms that mediate the beneficial effects of exercise. Here, we report the development and characterization of an optogenetically-inducible muscle contraction (OMC) model in Drosophila larvae that we used to study acute exercise-like physiological responses. To characterize muscle-specific transcriptional responses to acute exercise, we performed bulk mRNA-sequencing, revealing striking similarities between acute exercise-induced genes in flies and those previously identified in humans. Our larval muscle contraction model opens a path for rapid identification and characterization of exercise-induced factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arpan C Ghosh
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Yanhui Hu
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Yifang Liu
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aram Comjean
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Luo GH, Chen XE, Jiao YY, Zhu GH, Zhang R, Dhandapani RK, Fang JC, Palli SR. SoxC is Required for Ecdysteroid Induction of Neuropeptide Genes During Insect Eclosion. Front Genet 2022; 13:942884. [PMID: 35899187 PMCID: PMC9309532 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.942884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In insects, the shedding of the old exoskeleton is accomplished through ecdysis which is typically followed by the expansion and tanning of the new cuticle. Four neuropeptides, eclosion hormone (EH), ecdysis triggering hormone (ETH), crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) and bursicon (Bur) are known to control ecdysis. However, the regulation of these neuropeptide genes is still poorly understood. Here, we report that in the red flour beetle (RFB) Tribolium castaneum and the fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda, knockdown or knockout of the SoxC gene caused eclosion defects. The expansion and tanning of wings were not complete. In both RFB and FAW, the knockdown or knockout of SoxC resulted in a decrease in the expression of EH gene. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that the SfSoxC protein directly binds to a motif present in the promoter of SfEH. The luciferase reporter assays in Sf9 cells confirmed these results. These data suggest that transcription factor SoxC plays a key role in ecdysteroid induction of genes coding for neuropeptides such as EH involved in the regulation of insect eclosion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Hua Luo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China,Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Xi-En Chen
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Yao-Yu Jiao
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Guan-Heng Zhu
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States,School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Ramesh Kumar Dhandapani
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Ji-Chao Fang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Ji-Chao Fang, ; Subba Reddy Palli,
| | - Subba Reddy Palli
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States,*Correspondence: Ji-Chao Fang, ; Subba Reddy Palli,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lin HH, Kuang MC, Hossain I, Xuan Y, Beebe L, Shepherd AK, Rolandi M, Wang JW. A nutrient-specific gut hormone arbitrates between courtship and feeding. Nature 2022; 602:632-638. [PMID: 35140404 PMCID: PMC9271372 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04408-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Animals must set behavioural priority in a context-dependent manner and switch from one behaviour to another at the appropriate moment1-3. Here we probe the molecular and neuronal mechanisms that orchestrate the transition from feeding to courtship in Drosophila melanogaster. We find that feeding is prioritized over courtship in starved males, and the consumption of protein-rich food rapidly reverses this order within a few minutes. At the molecular level, a gut-derived, nutrient-specific neuropeptide hormone-Diuretic hormone 31 (Dh31)-propels a switch from feeding to courtship. We further address the underlying kinetics with calcium imaging experiments. Amino acids from food acutely activate Dh31+ enteroendocrine cells in the gut, increasing Dh31 levels in the circulation. In addition, three-photon functional imaging of intact flies shows that optogenetic stimulation of Dh31+ enteroendocrine cells rapidly excites a subset of brain neurons that express Dh31 receptor (Dh31R). Gut-derived Dh31 excites the brain neurons through the circulatory system within a few minutes, in line with the speed of the feeding-courtship behavioural switch. At the circuit level, there are two distinct populations of Dh31R+ neurons in the brain, with one population inhibiting feeding through allatostatin-C and the other promoting courtship through corazonin. Together, our findings illustrate a mechanism by which the consumption of protein-rich food triggers the release of a gut hormone, which in turn prioritizes courtship over feeding through two parallel pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hao Lin
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Meihua Christina Kuang
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Imran Hossain
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Yinan Xuan
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laura Beebe
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrew K Shepherd
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Jing W Wang
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yoshinari Y, Kosakamoto H, Kamiyama T, Hoshino R, Matsuoka R, Kondo S, Tanimoto H, Nakamura A, Obata F, Niwa R. The sugar-responsive enteroendocrine neuropeptide F regulates lipid metabolism through glucagon-like and insulin-like hormones in Drosophila melanogaster. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4818. [PMID: 34376687 PMCID: PMC8355161 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25146-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The enteroendocrine cell (EEC)-derived incretins play a pivotal role in regulating the secretion of glucagon and insulins in mammals. Although glucagon-like and insulin-like hormones have been found across animal phyla, incretin-like EEC-derived hormones have not yet been characterised in invertebrates. Here, we show that the midgut-derived hormone, neuropeptide F (NPF), acts as the sugar-responsive, incretin-like hormone in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Secreted NPF is received by NPF receptor in the corpora cardiaca and in insulin-producing cells. NPF-NPFR signalling resulted in the suppression of the glucagon-like hormone production and the enhancement of the insulin-like peptide secretion, eventually promoting lipid anabolism. Similar to the loss of incretin function in mammals, loss of midgut NPF led to significant metabolic dysfunction, accompanied by lipodystrophy, hyperphagia, and hypoglycaemia. These results suggest that enteroendocrine hormones regulate sugar-dependent metabolism through glucagon-like and insulin-like hormones not only in mammals but also in insects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Yoshinari
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hina Kosakamoto
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Nutritional Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takumi Kamiyama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ryo Hoshino
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Rena Matsuoka
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shu Kondo
- Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiromu Tanimoto
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Akira Nakamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Germline Development, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Obata
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Nutritional Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Development, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- AMED-PRIME, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Niwa
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rump MT, Kozma MT, Pawar SD, Derby CD. G protein-coupled receptors as candidates for modulation and activation of the chemical senses in decapod crustaceans. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252066. [PMID: 34086685 PMCID: PMC8177520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have characterized class A GPCRs in crustaceans; however, their expression in crustacean chemosensory organs has yet to be detailed. Class A GPCRs comprise several subclasses mediating diverse functions. In this study, using sequence homology, we classified all putative class A GPCRs in two chemosensory organs (antennular lateral flagellum [LF] and walking leg dactyls) and brain of four species of decapod crustaceans (Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus, American lobster Homarus americanus, red-swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii, and blue crab Callinectes sapidus). We identified 333 putative class A GPCRs– 83 from P. argus, 81 from H. americanus, 102 from P. clarkii, and 67 from C. sapidus–which belong to five distinct subclasses. The numbers of sequences for each subclass in the four decapod species are (in parentheses): opsins (19), small-molecule receptors including biogenic amine receptors (83), neuropeptide receptors (90), leucine-rich repeat-containing GPCRs (LGRs) (24), orphan receptors (117). Most class A GPCRs are predominately expressed in the brain; however, we identified multiple transcripts enriched in the LF and several in the dactyl. In total, we found 55 sequences with higher expression in the chemosensory organs relative to the brain across three decapod species. We also identified novel transcripts enriched in the LF including a metabotropic histamine receptor and numerous orphan receptors. Our work establishes expression patterns for class A GPCRs in the chemosensory organs of crustaceans, providing insight into molecular mechanisms mediating neurotransmission, neuromodulation, and possibly chemoreception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Rump
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mihika T. Kozma
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Shrikant D. Pawar
- Yale Center for Genomic Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Charles D. Derby
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Identification and function of ETH receptor networks in the silkworm Bombyx mori. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11693. [PMID: 34083562 PMCID: PMC8175484 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91022-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect ecdysis triggering hormones (ETHs) released from endocrine Inka cells act on specific neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) to activate the ecdysis sequence. These primary target neurons express distinct splicing variants of ETH receptor (ETHR-A or ETHR-B). Here, we characterized both ETHR subtypes in the moth Bombyx mori in vitro and mapped spatial and temporal distribution of their expression within the CNS and peripheral organs. In the CNS, we detected non-overlapping expression patterns of each receptor isoform which showed dramatic changes during metamorphosis. Most ETHR-A and a few ETHR-B neurons produce multiple neuropeptides which are downstream signals for the initiation or termination of various phases during the ecdysis sequence. We also described novel roles of different neuropeptides during these processes. Careful examination of peripheral organs revealed ETHRs expression in specific cells of the frontal ganglion (FG), corpora allata (CA), H-organ and Malpighian tubules prior to each ecdysis. These data indicate that PETH and ETH are multifunctional hormones that act via ETHR-A and ETHR-B to control various functions during the entire development—the ecdysis sequence and associated behaviors by the CNS and FG, JH synthesis by the CA, and possible activity of the H-organ and Malpighian tubules.
Collapse
|
16
|
Lund VK, Lycas MD, Schack A, Andersen RC, Gether U, Kjaerulff O. Rab2 drives axonal transport of dense core vesicles and lysosomal organelles. Cell Rep 2021; 35:108973. [PMID: 33852866 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast axonal transport of neuropeptide-containing dense core vesicles (DCVs), endolysosomal organelles, and presynaptic components is critical for maintaining neuronal functionality. How the transport of DCVs is orchestrated remains an important unresolved question. The small GTPase Rab2 mediates DCV biogenesis and endosome-lysosome fusion. Here, we use Drosophila to demonstrate that Rab2 also plays a critical role in bidirectional axonal transport of DCVs, endosomes, and lysosomal organelles, most likely by controlling molecular motors. We further show that the lysosomal motility factor Arl8 is required as well for axonal transport of DCVs, but unlike Rab2, it is also critical for DCV exit from cell bodies into axons. We also provide evidence that the upstream regulators of Rab2 and Arl8, Ema and BORC, activate these GTPases during DCV transport. Our results uncover the mechanisms underlying axonal transport of DCVs and reveal surprising parallels between the regulation of DCV and lysosomal motility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Karlovich Lund
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Matthew Domenic Lycas
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Anders Schack
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Rita Chan Andersen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Gether
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Ole Kjaerulff
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Srivastava P, Kane A, Harrison C, Levin M. A Meta-Analysis of Bioelectric Data in Cancer, Embryogenesis, and Regeneration. Bioelectricity 2021; 3:42-67. [PMID: 34476377 DOI: 10.1089/bioe.2019.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental bioelectricity is the study of the endogenous role of bioelectrical signaling in all cell types. Resting potentials and other aspects of ionic cell physiology are known to be important regulatory parameters in embryogenesis, regeneration, and cancer. However, relevant quantitative measurement and genetic phenotyping data are distributed throughout wide-ranging literature, hampering experimental design and hypothesis generation. Here, we analyze published studies on bioelectrics and transcriptomic and genomic/phenotypic databases to provide a novel synthesis of what is known in three important aspects of bioelectrics research. First, we provide a comprehensive list of channelopathies-ion channel and pump gene mutations-in a range of important model systems with developmental patterning phenotypes, illustrating the breadth of channel types, tissues, and phyla (including man) in which bioelectric signaling is a critical endogenous aspect of embryogenesis. Second, we perform a novel bioinformatic analysis of transcriptomic data during regeneration in diverse taxa that reveals an electrogenic protein to be the one common factor specifically expressed in regeneration blastemas across Kingdoms. Finally, we analyze data on distinct Vmem signatures in normal and cancer cells, revealing a specific bioelectrical signature corresponding to some types of malignancies. These analyses shed light on fundamental questions in developmental bioelectricity and suggest new avenues for research in this exciting field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pranjal Srivastava
- Rye High School, Rye, New York, USA; Current Affiliation: College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Anna Kane
- Department of Biology, Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christina Harrison
- Department of Biology, Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Levin
- Department of Biology, Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kong H, Jing W, Yuan L, Dong C, Zheng M, Tian Z, Hou Q, Cheng Y, Zhang L, Jiang X, Luo L. Bursicon mediates antimicrobial peptide gene expression to enhance crowded larval prophylactic immunity in the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 115:103896. [PMID: 33075371 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that a high population density alters insect prophylactic immunity. Bursicon plays a key role in the prophylactic immunity of newly emerged adults. In this paper, full-length cDNAs encoding the alpha and beta subunits of bursicon in Mythimna separata larvae (Msburs α and Msburs β) were identified. The cDNAs of Msburs α and Msburs β contain open reading frames (ORFs) encoding 145- and 139-amino acid residue proteins, respectively. Multiple alignment sequences and phylogenetic analysis indicated that Msbursicons (Msburs α and Msburs β) are orthologous to bursicons in other lepidopterans. The Msbursicons were expressed throughout all developmental states with higher relative expression during the egg, pupae, and adult stages. Msbursicons (Msburs α and Msburs β) were highly expressed in the ventral nerve cord and brain relative to other tested tissues. Msbursicon expression of larvae subject to high-density treatment (10 larvae per jar) was significantly increased compared with that of the larvae subject to low-density treatment (1 larva per jar) in the whole fourth and fifth instar stages. The trend in the expression of the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes cecropin C and defensin in the test stage was accorded and delayed with increased expression of bursicons. Silencing Msburs α (or Msburs β) expression by dsRNA injection in larvae subject to high-density treatment significantly decreased the expression levels of the cecropin C and defensin genes. Recombinant Msbursicon homodimers significantly induced the expression of the cecropin C and defensin genes. There was a notable decrease in the survival rate of the Msburs α (or Msburs β or Mscecropin C or Msdefensin) knockdown larvae infected by Beauveria thuringiensis. Our findings provide the first insights into how larval density mediates AMP gene expression, which subsequently affects the prophylactic immunity of insects under high-density conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Kong
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Wenhui East Road, NO. 48, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, PR China.
| | - Wanghui Jing
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Wenhui East Road, NO. 48, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, PR China
| | - Lin Yuan
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Wenhui East Road, NO. 48, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, PR China
| | - Chuanlei Dong
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Wenhui East Road, NO. 48, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, PR China
| | - Minyuan Zheng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Wenhui East Road, NO. 48, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, PR China
| | - Zhen Tian
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Wenhui East Road, NO. 48, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, PR China
| | - Qiuli Hou
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Wenhui East Road, NO. 48, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, PR China
| | - Yunxia Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmingyuan West Road, No. 2, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmingyuan West Road, No. 2, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Xingfu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmingyuan West Road, No. 2, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Lizhi Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmingyuan West Road, No. 2, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nässel DR, Zandawala M. Hormonal axes in Drosophila: regulation of hormone release and multiplicity of actions. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 382:233-266. [PMID: 32827072 PMCID: PMC7584566 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03264-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hormones regulate development, as well as many vital processes in the daily life of an animal. Many of these hormones are peptides that act at a higher hierarchical level in the animal with roles as organizers that globally orchestrate metabolism, physiology and behavior. Peptide hormones can act on multiple peripheral targets and simultaneously convey basal states, such as metabolic status and sleep-awake or arousal across many central neuronal circuits. Thereby, they coordinate responses to changing internal and external environments. The activity of neurosecretory cells is controlled either by (1) cell autonomous sensors, or (2) by other neurons that relay signals from sensors in peripheral tissues and (3) by feedback from target cells. Thus, a hormonal signaling axis commonly comprises several components. In mammals and other vertebrates, several hormonal axes are known, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis or the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis that regulate reproduction and metabolism, respectively. It has been proposed that the basic organization of such hormonal axes is evolutionarily old and that cellular homologs of the hypothalamic-pituitary system can be found for instance in insects. To obtain an appreciation of the similarities between insect and vertebrate neurosecretory axes, we review the organization of neurosecretory cell systems in Drosophila. Our review outlines the major peptidergic hormonal pathways known in Drosophila and presents a set of schemes of hormonal axes and orchestrating peptidergic systems. The detailed organization of the larval and adult Drosophila neurosecretory systems displays only very basic similarities to those in other arthropods and vertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dick R. Nässel
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Meet Zandawala
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hadjieconomou D, King G, Gaspar P, Mineo A, Blackie L, Ameku T, Studd C, de Mendoza A, Diao F, White BH, Brown AEX, Plaçais PY, Préat T, Miguel-Aliaga I. Enteric neurons increase maternal food intake during reproduction. Nature 2020; 587:455-459. [PMID: 33116314 PMCID: PMC7610780 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2866-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Reproduction induces increased food intake across females of many animal species1-4, providing a physiologically relevant paradigm for the exploration of appetite regulation. Here, by examining the diversity of enteric neurons in Drosophila melanogaster, we identify a key role for gut-innervating neurons with sex- and reproductive state-specific activity in sustaining the increased food intake of mothers during reproduction. Steroid and enteroendocrine hormones functionally remodel these neurons, which leads to the release of their neuropeptide onto the muscles of the crop-a stomach-like organ-after mating. Neuropeptide release changes the dynamics of crop enlargement, resulting in increased food intake, and preventing the post-mating remodelling of enteric neurons reduces both reproductive hyperphagia and reproductive fitness. The plasticity of enteric neurons is therefore key to reproductive success. Our findings provide a mechanism to attain the positive energy balance that sustains gestation, dysregulation of which could contribute to infertility or weight gain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dafni Hadjieconomou
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - George King
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Pedro Gaspar
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alessandro Mineo
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Laura Blackie
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tomotsune Ameku
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Chris Studd
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alex de Mendoza
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Fengqiu Diao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin H White
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - André E X Brown
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Pierre-Yves Plaçais
- Genes and Dynamics of Memory Systems, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Préat
- Genes and Dynamics of Memory Systems, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Irene Miguel-Aliaga
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK.
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
TRPV4 disrupts mitochondrial transport and causes axonal degeneration via a CaMKII-dependent elevation of intracellular Ca 2. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2679. [PMID: 32471994 PMCID: PMC7260201 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16411-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The cation channel transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is one of the few identified ion channels that can directly cause inherited neurodegeneration syndromes, but the molecular mechanisms are unknown. Here, we show that in vivo expression of a neuropathy-causing TRPV4 mutant (TRPV4R269C) causes dose-dependent neuronal dysfunction and axonal degeneration, which are rescued by genetic or pharmacological blockade of TRPV4 channel activity. TRPV4R269C triggers increased intracellular Ca2+ through a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)-mediated mechanism, and CaMKII inhibition prevents both increased intracellular Ca2+ and neurotoxicity in Drosophila and cultured primary mouse neurons. Importantly, TRPV4 activity impairs axonal mitochondrial transport, and TRPV4-mediated neurotoxicity is modulated by the Ca2+-binding mitochondrial GTPase Miro. Our data highlight an integral role for CaMKII in neuronal TRPV4-associated Ca2+ responses, the importance of tightly regulated Ca2+ dynamics for mitochondrial axonal transport, and the therapeutic promise of TRPV4 antagonists for patients with TRPV4-related neurodegenerative diseases. Mutations in the TRPV4 channel cause inherited neurodegeneration syndromes, but the molecular mechanisms are unknown. Here the authors reveal that TRPV4 activation causes dose-dependent, CaMKII-mediated neuronal dysfunction and axonal degeneration via disruption of mitochondrial axonal transport.
Collapse
|
22
|
Borbolis F, Rallis J, Kanatouris G, Kokla N, Karamalegkos A, Vasileiou C, Vakaloglou KM, Diallinas G, Stravopodis DJ, Zervas CG, Syntichaki P. mRNA decapping is an evolutionarily conserved modulator of neuroendocrine signaling that controls development and ageing. eLife 2020; 9:e53757. [PMID: 32366357 PMCID: PMC7200159 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic 5'-3' mRNA decay plays important roles during development and in response to stress, regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally. In Caenorhabditis elegans, deficiency of DCAP-1/DCP1, the essential co-factor of the major cytoplasmic mRNA decapping enzyme, impacts normal development, stress survival and ageing. Here, we show that overexpression of dcap-1 in neurons of worms is sufficient to increase lifespan through the function of the insulin/IGF-like signaling and its effector DAF-16/FOXO transcription factor. Neuronal DCAP-1 affects basal levels of INS-7, an ageing-related insulin-like peptide, which acts in the intestine to determine lifespan. Short-lived dcap-1 mutants exhibit a neurosecretion-dependent upregulation of intestinal ins-7 transcription, and diminished nuclear localization of DAF-16/FOXO. Moreover, neuronal overexpression of DCP1 in Drosophila melanogaster confers longevity in adults, while neuronal DCP1 deficiency shortens lifespan and affects wing morphogenesis, cell non-autonomously. Our genetic analysis in two model-organisms suggests a critical and conserved function of DCAP-1/DCP1 in developmental events and lifespan modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fivos Borbolis
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center of Basic ResearchAthensGreece
- Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - John Rallis
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center of Basic ResearchAthensGreece
- Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - George Kanatouris
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center of Basic ResearchAthensGreece
- Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Nikolitsa Kokla
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center of Basic ResearchAthensGreece
- Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Antonis Karamalegkos
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center of Basic ResearchAthensGreece
- Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Christina Vasileiou
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center of Basic ResearchAthensGreece
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of ThraceAlex/polisGreece
| | - Katerina M Vakaloglou
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center of Basic ResearchAthensGreece
| | - George Diallinas
- Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Dimitrios J Stravopodis
- Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Christos G Zervas
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center of Basic ResearchAthensGreece
| | - Popi Syntichaki
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center of Basic ResearchAthensGreece
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Flaven-Pouchon J, Alvarez JV, Rojas C, Ewer J. The tanning hormone, bursicon, does not act directly on the epidermis to tan the Drosophila exoskeleton. BMC Biol 2020; 18:17. [PMID: 32075655 PMCID: PMC7029472 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-0742-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In insects, continuous growth requires the periodic replacement of the exoskeleton. Once the remains of the exoskeleton from the previous stage have been shed during ecdysis, the new one is rapidly sclerotized (hardened) and melanized (pigmented), a process collectively known as tanning. The rapid tanning that occurs after ecdysis is critical for insect survival, as it reduces desiccation, and gives the exoskeleton the rigidity needed to support the internal organs and to provide a solid anchor for the muscles. This rapid postecdysial tanning is triggered by the "tanning hormone", bursicon. Since bursicon is released into the hemolymph, it has naturally been assumed that it would act on the epidermal cells to cause the tanning of the overlying exoskeleton. RESULTS Here we investigated the site of bursicon action in Drosophila by examining the consequences on tanning of disabling the bursicon receptor (encoded by the rickets gene) in different tissues. To our surprise, we found that rapid tanning does not require rickets function in the epidermis but requires it instead in peptidergic neurons of the ventral nervous system (VNS). Although we were unable to identify the signal that is transmitted from the VNS to the epidermis, we show that neurons that express the Drosophila insulin-like peptide ILP7, but not the ILP7 peptide itself, are involved. In addition, we found that some of the bursicon targets involved in melanization are different from those that cause sclerotization. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that bursicon does not act directly on the epidermis to cause the tanning of the overlying exoskeleton but instead requires an intermediary messenger produced by peptidergic neurons within the central nervous system. Thus, this work has uncovered an unexpected layer of control in a process that is critical for insect survival, which will significantly alter the direction of future research aimed at understanding how rapid postecdysial tanning occurs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Javier V Alvarez
- Instituto de Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Candy Rojas
- Instituto de Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - John Ewer
- Instituto de Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Miguel L, Frebourg T, Campion D, Lecourtois M. Moderate Overexpression of Tau in Drosophila Exacerbates Amyloid-β-Induced Neuronal Phenotypes and Correlates with Tau Oligomerization. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 74:637-647. [PMID: 32065789 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is neuropathologically defined by two key hallmarks: extracellular senile plaques composed primarily of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles, containing abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau protein. The tau protein is encoded by the MAPT gene. Recently, the H1 and H2 haplotypes of the MAPT gene were associated with AD risk. The minor MAPT H2 haplotype has been linked with a decreased risk of developing late-onset AD (LOAD). MAPT haplotypes show different levels of MAPT/Tau expression with H1 being ∼1.5-fold more expressed than H2, suggesting that MAPT expression level could be related to LOAD risk. In this study, we investigated whether this moderate difference in MAPT/Tau expression could influence Aβ-induced toxicity in vivo. We show that modest overexpression of tau protein in Drosophila exacerbates neuronal phenotypes in AβPP/BACE1 flies. The exacerbation of neuronal defects correlates with the accumulation of insoluble dTau oligomers, suggesting that the moderate difference in level of tau expression observed between H1 and H2 haplotypes could influence Aβ toxicity through the production of oligomeric tau insoluble species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Miguel
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Thierry Frebourg
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Dominique Campion
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France.,Centre Hospitalier du Rouvray, Sotteville-Lès-Rouen, France
| | - Magalie Lecourtois
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhuang L, Peng F, Huang Y, Li W, Huang J, Chu Y, Ren P, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Xue E, Guo X, Shen X, Xue L. CHIP modulates APP-induced autophagy-dependent pathological symptoms in Drosophila. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13070. [PMID: 31777182 PMCID: PMC6996943 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of autophagy is associated with the neurodegenerative processes in Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet it remains controversial whether autophagy is a cause or consequence of AD. We have previously expressed the full-length human APP in Drosophila and established a fly AD model that exhibits multiple AD-like symptoms. Here we report that depletion of CHIP effectively palliated APP-induced pathological symptoms, including morphological, behavioral, and cognitive defects. Mechanistically, CHIP is required for APP-induced autophagy dysfunction, which promotes Aβ production via increased expression of BACE and Psn. Our findings suggest that aberrant autophagy is not only a consequence of abnormal APP activity, but also contributes to dysregulated APP metabolism and subsequent AD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luming Zhuang
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research School of Life Science and Technology Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Fei Peng
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research School of Life Science and Technology Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research School of Life Science and Technology Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Wenzhe Li
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research School of Life Science and Technology Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Jiuhong Huang
- International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences Chongqing China
| | - Yunqiang Chu
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research School of Life Science and Technology Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Pu Ren
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research School of Life Science and Technology Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Ying Sun
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research School of Life Science and Technology Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Yan Zhang
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research School of Life Science and Technology Tongji University Shanghai China
| | | | - Xiaowei Guo
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research School of Life Science and Technology Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Xiafeng Shen
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research School of Life Science and Technology Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Lei Xue
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research School of Life Science and Technology Tongji University Shanghai China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Simon E, de la Puebla SF, Guerrero I. Drosophila Zic family member odd-paired is needed for adult post-ecdysis maturation. Open Biol 2019; 9:190245. [PMID: 31847787 PMCID: PMC6936260 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific neuropeptides regulate in arthropods the shedding of the old cuticle (ecdysis) followed by maturation of the new cuticle. In Drosophila melanogaster, the last ecdysis occurs at eclosion from the pupal case, with a post-eclosion behavioural sequence that leads to wing extension, cuticle stretching and tanning. These events are highly stereotyped and are controlled by a subset of crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) neurons through the expression of the neuropeptide Bursicon (Burs). We have studied the role of the transcription factor Odd-paired (Opa) during the post-eclosion period. We report that opa is expressed in the CCAP neurons of the central nervous system during various steps of the ecdysis process and in peripheral CCAP neurons innerving the larval muscles involved in adult ecdysis. We show that its downregulation alters Burs expression in the CCAP neurons. Ectopic expression of Opa, or the vertebrate homologue Zic2, in the CCAP neurons also affects Burs expression, indicating an evolutionary functional conservation. Finally, our results show that, independently of its role in Burs regulation, Opa prevents death of CCAP neurons during larval development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eléanor Simon
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa' (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 1, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Fernández de la Puebla
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa' (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 1, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Guerrero
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa' (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 1, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Pandit AA, Davies SA, Smagghe G, Dow JAT. Evolutionary trends of neuropeptide signaling in beetles - A comparative analysis of Coleopteran transcriptomic and genomic data. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 114:103227. [PMID: 31470084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2019.103227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Insects employ neuropeptides to regulate their growth & development, behaviour, metabolism and their internal milieu. At least 50 neuropeptides are known to date, with some ancestral to the insects and others more specific to particular taxa. In order to understand the evolution and essentiality of neuropeptides, we data mined publicly available high quality genomic or transcriptomic data for 31 species of the largest insect Order, the Coleoptera, chosen to represent the superfamilies' of the Adephaga and Polyphaga. The resulting neuropeptide distributions were compared against the habitats, lifestyle and other parameters. Around half of the neuropeptide families were represented across the Coleoptera, suggesting essentiality or at least continuing utility. However, the remaining families showed patterns of loss that did not correlate with any obvious life history parameter, suggesting that these neuropeptides are no longer required for the Coleopteran lifestyle. This may perhaps indicate a decreasing reliance on neuropeptide signaling in insects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha A Pandit
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Shireen-Anne Davies
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julian A T Dow
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Masuzzo A, Manière G, Viallat-Lieutaud A, Avazeri É, Zugasti O, Grosjean Y, Kurz CL, Royet J. Peptidoglycan-dependent NF-κB activation in a small subset of brain octopaminergic neurons controls female oviposition. eLife 2019; 8:50559. [PMID: 31661076 PMCID: PMC6819134 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
When facing microbes, animals engage in behaviors that lower the impact of the infection. We previously demonstrated that internal sensing of bacterial peptidoglycan reduces Drosophila female oviposition via NF-κB pathway activation in some neurons (Kurz et al., 2017). Although we showed that the neuromodulator octopamine is implicated, the identity of the involved neurons, as well as the physiological mechanism blocking egg-laying, remained unknown. In this study, we identified few ventral nerve cord and brain octopaminergic neurons expressing an NF-κB pathway component. We functionally demonstrated that NF-κB pathway activation in the brain, but not in the ventral nerve cord octopaminergic neurons, triggers an egg-laying drop in response to infection. Furthermore, we demonstrated via calcium imaging that the activity of these neurons can be directly modulated by peptidoglycan and that these cells do not control other octopamine-dependent behaviors such as female receptivity. This study shows that by sensing peptidoglycan and hence activating NF-κB cascade, a couple of brain neurons modulate a specific octopamine-dependent behavior to adapt female physiology status to their infectious state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ambra Masuzzo
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IBDM, Marseille, France
| | - Gérard Manière
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | | | | | | | - Yaël Grosjean
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | | | - Julien Royet
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IBDM, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Nässel DR, Zandawala M. Recent advances in neuropeptide signaling in Drosophila, from genes to physiology and behavior. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 179:101607. [PMID: 30905728 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on neuropeptides and peptide hormones, the largest and most diverse class of neuroactive substances, known in Drosophila and other animals to play roles in almost all aspects of daily life, as w;1;ell as in developmental processes. We provide an update on novel neuropeptides and receptors identified in the last decade, and highlight progress in analysis of neuropeptide signaling in Drosophila. Especially exciting is the huge amount of work published on novel functions of neuropeptides and peptide hormones in Drosophila, largely due to the rapid developments of powerful genetic methods, imaging techniques and innovative assays. We critically discuss the roles of peptides in olfaction, taste, foraging, feeding, clock function/sleep, aggression, mating/reproduction, learning and other behaviors, as well as in regulation of development, growth, metabolic and water homeostasis, stress responses, fecundity, and lifespan. We furthermore provide novel information on neuropeptide distribution and organization of peptidergic systems, as well as the phylogenetic relations between Drosophila neuropeptides and those of other phyla, including mammals. As will be shown, neuropeptide signaling is phylogenetically ancient, and not only are the structures of the peptides, precursors and receptors conserved over evolution, but also many functions of neuropeptide signaling in physiology and behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dick R Nässel
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Meet Zandawala
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Shep RNA-Binding Capacity Is Required for Antagonism of gypsy Chromatin Insulator Activity. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2019; 9:749-754. [PMID: 30630880 PMCID: PMC6404607 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chromatin insulators are DNA-protein complexes that regulate chromatin structure and gene expression in a wide range of organisms. These complexes also harbor enhancer blocking and barrier activities. Increasing evidence suggests that RNA molecules are integral components of insulator complexes. However, how these RNA molecules are involved in insulator function remains unclear. The Drosophila RNA-binding protein Shep associates with the gypsy insulator complex and inhibits insulator activities. By mutating key residues in the RRM domains, we generated a Shep mutant protein incapable of RNA-binding, and this mutant lost the ability to inhibit barrier activity. In addition, we found that one of many wildtype Shep isoforms but not RRM mutant Shep was sufficient to repress enhancer blocking activities. Finally, wildtype Shep rescued synthetic lethality of shep, mod(mdg4) double-mutants and developmental defects of shep mutant neurons, whereas mutant Shep failed to do so. These results indicate that the RNA-binding ability of Shep is essential for its ability to antagonize insulator activities and promote neuronal maturation. Our findings suggest that regulation of insulator function by RNA-binding proteins relies on RNA-mediated interactions.
Collapse
|
31
|
Scopelliti A, Bauer C, Yu Y, Zhang T, Kruspig B, Murphy DJ, Vidal M, Maddocks ODK, Cordero JB. A Neuronal Relay Mediates a Nutrient Responsive Gut/Fat Body Axis Regulating Energy Homeostasis in Adult Drosophila. Cell Metab 2019; 29:269-284.e10. [PMID: 30344016 PMCID: PMC6370946 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The control of systemic metabolic homeostasis involves complex inter-tissue programs that coordinate energy production, storage, and consumption, to maintain organismal fitness upon environmental challenges. The mechanisms driving such programs are largely unknown. Here, we show that enteroendocrine cells in the adult Drosophila intestine respond to nutrients by secreting the hormone Bursicon α, which signals via its neuronal receptor DLgr2. Bursicon α/DLgr2 regulate energy metabolism through a neuronal relay leading to the restriction of glucagon-like, adipokinetic hormone (AKH) production by the corpora cardiaca and subsequent modulation of AKH receptor signaling within the adipose tissue. Impaired Bursicon α/DLgr2 signaling leads to exacerbated glucose oxidation and depletion of energy stores with consequent reduced organismal resistance to nutrient restrictive conditions. Altogether, our work reveals an intestinal/neuronal/adipose tissue inter-organ communication network that is essential to restrict the use of energy and that may provide insights into the physiopathology of endocrine-regulated metabolic homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christin Bauer
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Yachuan Yu
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Tong Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Björn Kruspig
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Daniel J Murphy
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Marcos Vidal
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Oliver D K Maddocks
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Julia B Cordero
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Steyaert J, Scheveneels W, Vanneste J, Van Damme P, Robberecht W, Callaerts P, Bogaert E, Van Den Bosch L. FUS-induced neurotoxicity in Drosophila is prevented by downregulating nucleocytoplasmic transport proteins. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 27:4103-4116. [PMID: 30379317 PMCID: PMC6240733 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the progressive loss of specific groups of neurons. Due to clinical, genetic and pathological overlap, both diseases are considered as the extremes of one disease spectrum and in a number of ALS and FTD patients, fused in sarcoma (FUS) aggregates are present. Even in families with a monogenetic disease cause, a striking variability is observed in disease presentation. This suggests the presence of important modifying genes. The identification of disease-modifying genes will contribute to defining clear therapeutic targets and to understanding the pathways involved in motor neuron death. In this study, we established a novel in vivo screening platform in which new modifying genes of FUS toxicity can be identified. Expression of human FUS induced the selective apoptosis of crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) neurons from the ventral nerve cord of fruit flies. No defects in the development of these neurons were observed nor were the regulatory CCAP neurons from the brain affected. We used the number of CCAP neurons from the ventral nerve cord as an in vivo read-out for FUS toxicity in neurons. Via a targeted screen, we discovered a potent modifying role of proteins involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport. Downregulation of Nucleoporin 154 and Exportin1 (XPO1) prevented FUS-induced neurotoxicity. Moreover, we show that XPO1 interacted with FUS. Silencing XPO1 significantly reduced the propensity of FUS to form inclusions upon stress. Taken together, our findings point to an important role of nucleocytoplasmic transport proteins in FUS-induced ALS/FTD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jolien Steyaert
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wendy Scheveneels
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joni Vanneste
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philip Van Damme
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Robberecht
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Callaerts
- Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory of Behavioral and Developmental Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elke Bogaert
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Al-Anzi B, Zinn K. Identification and characterization of mushroom body neurons that regulate fat storage in Drosophila. Neural Dev 2018; 13:18. [PMID: 30103787 PMCID: PMC6090720 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-018-0116-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In an earlier study, we identified two neuronal populations, c673a and Fru-GAL4, that regulate fat storage in fruit flies. Both populations partially overlap with a structure in the insect brain known as the mushroom body (MB), which plays a critical role in memory formation. This overlap prompted us to examine whether the MB is also involved in fat storage homeostasis. Methods Using a variety of transgenic agents, we selectively manipulated the neural activity of different portions of the MB and associated neurons to decipher their roles in fat storage regulation. Results Our data show that silencing of MB neurons that project into the α’β’ lobes decreases de novo fatty acid synthesis and causes leanness, while sustained hyperactivation of the same neurons causes overfeeding and produces obesity. The α’β’ neurons oppose and dominate the fat regulating functions of the c673a and Fru-GAL4 neurons. We also show that MB neurons that project into the γ lobe also regulate fat storage, probably because they are a subset of the Fru neurons. We were able to identify input and output neurons whose activity affects fat storage, feeding, and metabolism. The activity of cholinergic output neurons that innervating the β’2 compartment (MBON-β’2mp and MBON-γ5β’2a) regulates food consumption, while glutamatergic output neurons innervating α’ compartments (MBON-γ2α’1 and MBON-α’2) control fat metabolism. Conclusions We identified a new fat storage regulating center, the α’β’ lobes of the MB. We also delineated the neuronal circuits involved in the actions of the α’β’ lobes, and showed that food intake and fat metabolism are controlled by separate sets of postsynaptic neurons that are segregated into different output pathways. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13064-018-0116-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bader Al-Anzi
- Food & Nutrition Program, Environment & Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, 13109, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
| | - Kai Zinn
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Pérez MM, Bochicchio PA, Rabossi A, Quesada-Allué LA. Extracellular activity of NBAD-synthase is responsible for colouration of brown spots in Ceratitis capitata wings. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 107:224-232. [PMID: 29656100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
After the emergence of the Ceratitis capitata imago, the pale and folded wings are expanded and sclerotized to acquire the definitive form and to stabilize the cuticle. The wings of this fly show a specific pattern of brownish and black spots. Black spots are pigmented by melanin, whereas there was scarce information about the development of the brownish spots. N-beta-alanydopamine (NBAD) is the main tanning precursor in C. capitata body cuticle, and we hypothesized that it may be responsible for the colouration of the brownish spots. We determined the topology and timing of NBAD synthesis and deposition to attain the species-specific colouration pattern. We demonstrated that during the first hours the colour of the brownish spots was principally determined by the tanning of the hairs. Haemolymph circulation through the veins is required to tan the wings. We confirmed that soon after wing spreading, most of the wing epidermal cells disappeared. Thus, the tanning of the brown spots was accomplished when the wing lamina was devoid of cells. NBAD synthase (NBAD-S; Ebony protein in D. melanogaster) activity in wings was detected in pharate adults and lasted several days after the emergence, even after the end of the tanning process. This observation is in contrast to epidermal NBAD-S activity in the body, where it was nearly undetectable 48 h post emergence. Our results indicate that NBAD-S was exported and deposited into the extracellular matrix of the brown spot areas before cell death and that tanning occurs through gradual export of NBAD precursors (dopamine and b-alanine) from veins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martín M Pérez
- IIBBA-CONICET, Av Patricias Argentinas 435 (1405), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Fundación Instituto Leloir, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435 (1405), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo A Bochicchio
- IIBBA-CONICET, Av Patricias Argentinas 435 (1405), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Fundación Instituto Leloir, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435 (1405), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Rabossi
- IIBBA-CONICET, Av Patricias Argentinas 435 (1405), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Fundación Instituto Leloir, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435 (1405), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Luis A Quesada-Allué
- IIBBA-CONICET, Av Patricias Argentinas 435 (1405), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Fundación Instituto Leloir, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435 (1405), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435 (1405), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Selcho M, Mühlbauer B, Hensgen R, Shiga S, Wegener C, Yasuyama K. Anatomical characterization of PDF-tri neurons and peptidergic neurons associated with eclosion behavior in Drosophila. J Comp Neurol 2018; 526:1307-1328. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Selcho
- Neurobiology and Genetics, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter; University of Würzburg; Würzburg D-97074 Germany
| | - Barbara Mühlbauer
- Neurobiology and Genetics, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter; University of Würzburg; Würzburg D-97074 Germany
| | - Ronja Hensgen
- Animal Physiology, Department of Biology; Philipps-University Marburg; Marburg D-35032 Germany
| | - Sakiko Shiga
- Department of Biology and Geosciences, Graduate School of Science; Osaka City University; Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| | - Christian Wegener
- Neurobiology and Genetics, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter; University of Würzburg; Würzburg D-97074 Germany
| | - Kouji Yasuyama
- Department of Natural Sciences; Kawasaki Medical School; Kurashiki 701-0192 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chen D, Dale RK, Lei EP. Shep regulates Drosophila neuronal remodeling by controlling transcription of its chromatin targets. Development 2018; 145:dev.154047. [PMID: 29158441 DOI: 10.1242/dev.154047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal remodeling is crucial for formation of the mature nervous system and disruption of this process can lead to neuropsychiatric diseases. Global gene expression changes in neurons during remodeling as well as the factors that regulate these changes remain poorly defined. To elucidate this process, we performed RNA-seq on isolated Drosophila larval and pupal neurons and found upregulated synaptic signaling and downregulated gene expression regulators as a result of normal neuronal metamorphosis. We further tested the role of alan shepard (shep), which encodes an evolutionarily conserved RNA-binding protein required for proper neuronal remodeling. Depletion of shep in neurons prevents the execution of metamorphic gene expression patterns, and shep-regulated genes correspond to Shep chromatin and/or RNA-binding targets. Reduced expression of a Shep-inhibited target gene that we identified, brat, is sufficient to rescue neuronal remodeling defects of shep knockdown flies. Our results reveal direct regulation of transcriptional programs by Shep to regulate neuronal remodeling during metamorphosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dahong Chen
- Nuclear Organization and Gene Expression Section, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ryan K Dale
- Nuclear Organization and Gene Expression Section, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elissa P Lei
- Nuclear Organization and Gene Expression Section, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Diao F, Elliott AD, Diao F, Shah S, White BH. Neuromodulatory connectivity defines the structure of a behavioral neural network. eLife 2017; 6:29797. [PMID: 29165248 PMCID: PMC5720592 DOI: 10.7554/elife.29797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural networks are typically defined by their synaptic connectivity, yet synaptic wiring diagrams often provide limited insight into network function. This is due partly to the importance of non-synaptic communication by neuromodulators, which can dynamically reconfigure circuit activity to alter its output. Here, we systematically map the patterns of neuromodulatory connectivity in a network that governs a developmentally critical behavioral sequence in Drosophila. This sequence, which mediates pupal ecdysis, is governed by the serial release of several key factors, which act both somatically as hormones and within the brain as neuromodulators. By identifying and characterizing the functions of the neuronal targets of these factors, we find that they define hierarchically organized layers of the network controlling the pupal ecdysis sequence: a modular input layer, an intermediate central pattern generating layer, and a motor output layer. Mapping neuromodulatory connections in this system thus defines the functional architecture of the network. Why do animals behave the way they do? Behavior occurs in response to signals from the environment, such as those indicating food or danger, or signals from the body, such as those indicating hunger or thirst. The nervous system detects these signals and triggers an appropriate response, such as seeking food or fleeing a threat. But because much of the nervous system takes part in generating these responses, it can make it difficult to understand how even simple behaviors come about. One behavior that has been studied extensively is molting in insects. Molting enables insects to grow and develop, and involves casting off the outer skeleton of the previous developmental stage. To do this, the insect performs a series of repetitive movements, known as an ecdysis sequence. In the fruit fly, the pupal ecdysis sequence consists of three distinct patterns rhythmic abdominal movement. A hormone called ecdysis triggering hormone, or ETH for short, initiates this sequence by triggering the release of two further hormones, Bursicon and CCAP. All three hormones act on the nervous system to coordinate molting behavior, but exactly how they do so is unclear. Diao et al. have now used genetic tools called Trojan exons to identify the neurons of fruit flies on which these hormones act. Trojan exons are short sequences of DNA that can be inserted into non-coding regions of a target gene to mark or manipulate the cells that express it. When a cell uses its copy of the target gene to make a protein, it also makes the product encoded by the Trojan exon. Using this technique, Diao et al. identified three sets of neurons that produce receptor proteins that recognize the molting hormones. Neurons with ETH receptors start the molting process by activating neurons that make Bursicon and CCAP. Neurons with Bursicon receptors then generate motor rhythms within the nervous system. Finally, neurons with CCAP receptors respond to these rhythms and produce the abdominal movements of the ecdysis sequence. Many other animal behaviors depend on substances like ETH, Bursicon and CCAP, which act within the brain to change the activity of neurons and circuits. The work of Diao et al. suggests that identifying the sites at which such substances act can help reveal the circuits that govern complex behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feici Diao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Amicia D Elliott
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Fengqiu Diao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Sarav Shah
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Benjamin H White
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Adler PN. Gene expression and morphogenesis during the deposition of Drosophila wing cuticle. Fly (Austin) 2017. [PMID: 28631994 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2017.1295188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The exoskeleton of insects and other arthropods is a very versatile material that is characterized by a complex multilayer structure. In Sobala and Adler (2016) we analyzed the process of wing cuticle deposition by RNAseq and electron microscopy. In this extra view we discuss the unique aspects of the envelope the first and most outermost layer and the gene expression program seen at the end of cuticle deposition. We discussed the role of undulae in the deposition of cuticle and how the hydrophobicity of wing cuticle arises.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul N Adler
- a Biology Department, Cell Biology Department , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , VA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Regulatory Mechanisms of Metamorphic Neuronal Remodeling Revealed Through a Genome-Wide Modifier Screen in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 2017; 206:1429-1443. [PMID: 28476867 PMCID: PMC5500141 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.200378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During development, neuronal remodeling shapes neuronal connections to establish fully mature and functional nervous systems. Our previous studies have shown that the RNA-binding factor alan shepard (shep) is an important regulator of neuronal remodeling during metamorphosis in Drosophila melanogaster, and loss of shep leads to smaller soma size and fewer neurites in a stage-dependent manner. To shed light on the mechanisms by which shep regulates neuronal remodeling, we conducted a genetic modifier screen for suppressors of shep-dependent wing expansion defects and cellular morphological defects in a set of peptidergic neurons, the bursicon neurons, that promote posteclosion wing expansion. Out of 702 screened deficiencies that covered 86% of euchromatic genes, we isolated 24 deficiencies as candidate suppressors, and 12 of them at least partially suppressed morphological defects in shep mutant bursicon neurons. With RNA interference and mutant alleles of individual genes, we identified Daughters against dpp (Dad) and Olig family (Oli) as shep suppressor genes, and both of them restored the adult cellular morphology of shep-depleted bursicon neurons. Dad encodes an inhibitory Smad protein that inhibits bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, raising the possibility that shep interacted with BMP signaling through antagonism of Dad. By manipulating expression of the BMP receptor tkv, we found that activated BMP signaling was sufficient to rescue loss-of-shep phenotypes. These findings reveal mechanisms of shep regulation during neuronal development, and they highlight a novel genetic shep interaction with the BMP signaling pathway that controls morphogenesis in mature, terminally differentiated neurons during metamorphosis.
Collapse
|
40
|
Mohammad F, Stewart JC, Ott S, Chlebikova K, Chua JY, Koh TW, Ho J, Claridge-Chang A. Optogenetic inhibition of behavior with anion channelrhodopsins. Nat Methods 2017; 14:271-274. [PMID: 28114289 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.4148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Optogenetics uses light exposure to manipulate physiology in genetically modified organisms. Abundant tools for optogenetic excitation are available, but the limitations of current optogenetic inhibitors present an obstacle to demonstrating the necessity of neuronal circuits. Here we show that anion channelrhodopsins can be used to specifically and rapidly inhibit neural systems involved in Drosophila locomotion, wing expansion, memory retrieval and gustation, thus demonstrating their broad utility in the circuit analysis of behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Mohammad
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - James C Stewart
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Stanislav Ott
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Katarina Chlebikova
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Jia Yi Chua
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | | | - Joses Ho
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Adam Claridge-Chang
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Flaven-Pouchon J, Farine JP, Ewer J, Ferveur JF. Regulation of cuticular hydrocarbon profile maturation by Drosophila tanning hormone, bursicon, and its interaction with desaturase activity. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 79:87-96. [PMID: 27794461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Shortly after emergence the exoskeleton (cuticle) of adult insects is rapidly expanded, hardened (sclerotized), and pigmented (melanized). In parallel with this process, the oenocytes, which are large polyploid cells located below the abdominal epidermis, secrete onto the cuticle a cocktail of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHs) and waxes. These improve the waterproofing of the cuticle, and also provide important chemosensory and pheromonal cues linked with gender, age, and species differentiation. The hardening and pigmentation of the new cuticle are controlled by the neurohormone, bursicon, and its receptor, encoded by the DLGR2 receptor, rickets (rk); by contrast, little is known about the timecourse of changes in CH profile and about the role of bursicon in this process. Here we show in Drosophila that rk function is also required for the normal maturation of the fly's CH profile, with flies mutant for rk function showing dramatically elevated levels of CHs. Interestingly, this effect is mostly abrogated by mutations in the Δ9 desaturase encoded by the desaturase1 gene, which introduces a first double bond into elongated fatty-acid chains, suggesting that desaturase1 acts downstream of rk. In addition, flies mutant for rk showed changes in the absolute and relative levels of specific 7-monoenes (in males) and 7,11-dienes (in females). The fact that these differences in CH amounts were obtained using extractions of very different durations suggests that the particular CH profile of flies mutant for rk is not simply due to their unsclerotized cuticle but that bursicon may be involved in the process of CH biosynthesis itself.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Flaven-Pouchon
- Centro Interdiciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaiso, Universidad de Valparaiso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Jean-Pierre Farine
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR 6265 CNRS, UMR 1324 INRA, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté 6, Bd Gabriel, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - John Ewer
- Centro Interdiciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaiso, Universidad de Valparaiso, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Jean-François Ferveur
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR 6265 CNRS, UMR 1324 INRA, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté 6, Bd Gabriel, F-21000 Dijon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Costa CP, Elias-Neto M, Falcon T, Dallacqua RP, Martins JR, Bitondi MMG. RNAi-Mediated Functional Analysis of Bursicon Genes Related to Adult Cuticle Formation and Tanning in the Honeybee, Apis mellifera. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167421. [PMID: 27907116 PMCID: PMC5132263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bursicon is a heterodimeric neurohormone that acts through a G protein-coupled receptor named rickets (rk), thus inducing an increase in cAMP and the activation of tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the cuticular tanning pathway. In insects, the role of bursicon in the post-ecdysial tanning of the adult cuticle and wing expansion is well characterized. Here we investigated the roles of the genes encoding the bursicon subunits during the adult cuticle development in the honeybee, Apis mellifera. RNAi-mediated knockdown of AmBurs α and AmBurs β bursicon genes prevented the complete formation and tanning (melanization/sclerotization) of the adult cuticle. A thinner, much less tanned cuticle was produced, and ecdysis toward adult stage was impaired. Consistent with these results, the knockdown of bursicon transcripts also interfered in the expression of genes encoding its receptor, AmRk, structural cuticular proteins, and enzymes in the melanization/sclerotization pathway, thus evidencing roles for bursicon in adult cuticle formation and tanning. Moreover, the expression of AmBurs α, AmBurs β and AmRk is contingent on the declining ecdysteroid titer that triggers the onset of adult cuticle synthesis and deposition. The search for transcripts of AmBurs α, AmBurs β and candidate targets in RNA-seq libraries prepared with brains and integuments strengthened our data on transcript quantification through RT-qPCR. Together, our results support our premise that bursicon has roles in adult cuticle formation and tanning, and are in agreement with other recent studies pointing for roles during the pharate-adult stage, in addition to the classical post-ecdysial ones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudinéia Pereira Costa
- Departamento de Genética; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto; Universidade de São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia; Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto; Universidade de São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Moysés Elias-Neto
- Departamento de Biologia; Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto; Universidade de São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago Falcon
- Departamento de Genética; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto; Universidade de São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Pires Dallacqua
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul; Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ramos Martins
- Departamento de Genética; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto; Universidade de São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcia Maria Gentile Bitondi
- Departamento de Biologia; Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto; Universidade de São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Anllo L, Schüpbach T. Signaling through the G-protein-coupled receptor Rickets is important for polarity, detachment, and migration of the border cells in Drosophila. Dev Biol 2016; 414:193-206. [PMID: 27130192 PMCID: PMC4887387 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration plays crucial roles during development. An excellent model to study coordinated cell movements is provided by the migration of border cell clusters within a developing Drosophila egg chamber. In a mutagenesis screen, we isolated two alleles of the gene rickets (rk) encoding a G-protein-coupled receptor. The rk alleles result in border cell migration defects in a significant fraction of egg chambers. In rk mutants, border cells are properly specified and express the marker Slbo. Yet, analysis of both fixed as well as live samples revealed that some single border cells lag behind the main border cell cluster during migration, or, in other cases, the entire border cell cluster can remain tethered to the anterior epithelium as it migrates. These defects are observed significantly more often in mosaic border cell clusters, than in full mutant clusters. Reduction of the Rk ligand, Bursicon, in the border cell cluster also resulted in migration defects, strongly suggesting that Rk signaling is utilized for communication within the border cell cluster itself. The mutant border cell clusters show defects in localization of the adhesion protein E-cadherin, and apical polarity proteins during migration. E-cadherin mislocalization occurs in mosaic clusters, but not in full mutant clusters, correlating well with the rk border cell migration phenotype. Our work has identified a receptor with a previously unknown role in border cell migration that appears to regulate detachment and polarity of the border cell cluster coordinating processes within the cells of the cluster themselves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Anllo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Trudi Schüpbach
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Scopelliti A, Bauer C, Cordero JB, Vidal M. Bursicon-α subunit modulates dLGR2 activity in the adult Drosophila melanogaster midgut independently to Bursicon-β. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:1538-44. [PMID: 27191973 PMCID: PMC4934083 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1121334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bursicon is the main regulator of post molting and post eclosion processes during arthropod development. The active Bursicon hormone is a heterodimer of Burs-α and Burs-β. However, adult midguts express Burs-α to regulate the intestinal stem cell niche. Here, we examined the potential expression and function of its heterodimeric partner, Burs-β in the adult midgut. Unexpectedly, our evidence suggests that Burs-β is not significantly expressed in the adult midgut. burs-β mutants displayed the characteristic developmental defects but showed wild type-like adult midguts, thus uncoupling the developmental and adult phenotypes seen in burs-α mutants. Gain of function data and ex vivo experiments using a cAMP biosensor, demonstrated that Burs-α is sufficient to drive stem cell quiescence and to activate dLGR2 in the adult midgut. Our evidence suggests that the post developmental transactivation of dLGR2 in the adult midgut is mediated by Burs-α and that the β subunit of Bursicon is dispensable for these activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christin Bauer
- a The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate , Glasgow , UK
| | | | - Marcos Vidal
- a The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate , Glasgow , UK
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Mercer SW, La Fontaine S, Warr CG, Burke R. Reduced glutathione biosynthesis in Drosophila melanogaster
causes neuronal defects linked to copper deficiency. J Neurochem 2016; 137:360-70. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W. Mercer
- School of Biological Sciences; Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Sharon La Fontaine
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Centre for Molecular and Medical Research and Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology; Deakin University; Burwood Victoria Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Coral G. Warr
- School of Biological Sciences; Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Richard Burke
- School of Biological Sciences; Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Peng F, Zhao Y, Huang X, Chen C, Sun L, Zhuang L, Xue L. Loss of Polo ameliorates APP-induced Alzheimer's disease-like symptoms in Drosophila. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16816. [PMID: 26597721 PMCID: PMC4657023 DOI: 10.1038/srep16816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid precursor protein (APP) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Despite extensive studies, little is known about the regulation of APP’s functions in vivo. Here we report that expression of human APP in Drosophila, in the same temporal-spatial pattern as its homolog APPL, induced morphological defects in wings and larval NMJ, larva and adult locomotion dysfunctions, male choice disorder and lifespan shortening. To identify additional genes that modulate APP functions, we performed a genetic screen and found that loss of Polo, a key regulator of cell cycle, partially suppressed APP-induced morphological and behavioral defects in larval and adult stages. Finally, we showed that eye-specific expression of APP induced retina degeneration and cell cycle re-entry, both phenotypes were mildly ameliorated by loss of Polo. These results suggest Polo is an important in vivo regulator of the pathological functions of APP, and provide insight into the role of cell cycle re-entry in AD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Peng
- Institute of Intervention Vessel, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Institute of Intervention Vessel, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xirui Huang
- Institute of Intervention Vessel, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Changyan Chen
- Institute of Intervention Vessel, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lili Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Luming Zhuang
- Institute of Intervention Vessel, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lei Xue
- Institute of Intervention Vessel, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Vagnoni A, Hoffmann PC, Bullock SL. Reducing Lissencephaly-1 levels augments mitochondrial transport and has a protective effect in adult Drosophila neurons. J Cell Sci 2015; 129:178-90. [PMID: 26598558 PMCID: PMC4732301 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.179184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective transport of mitochondria in axons is implicated in the pathogenesis of several age-associated neurodegenerative diseases. However, the regulation and function of axonal mitochondrial motility during normal ageing is poorly understood. Here, we use novel imaging procedures to characterise axonal transport of these organelles in the adult Drosophila wing nerve. During early adult life there is a boost and progressive decline in the proportion of mitochondria that are motile, which is not due to general changes in cargo transport. Experimental inhibition of the mitochondrial transport machinery specifically in adulthood accelerates the appearance of focal protein accumulations in ageing axons, which is suggestive of defects in protein homeostasis. Unexpectedly, lowering levels of Lissencephaly-1 (Lis1), a dynein motor co-factor, augments axonal mitochondrial transport in ageing wing neurons. Lis1 mutations suppress focal protein accumulations in ageing neurons, including those caused by interfering with the mitochondrial transport machinery. Our data provide new insights into the dynamics of mitochondrial motility in adult neurons in vivo, identify Lis1 as a negative regulator of transport of these organelles, and provide evidence of a link between mitochondrial movement and neuronal protein homeostasis. Summary: Novel imaging procedures in the adult Drosophila wing reveal that Lissencephaly-1 restrains mitochondrial motion and that reducing levels of this protein protects against an age-related decline in protein homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Vagnoni
- Division of Cell Biology, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Patrick C Hoffmann
- Division of Cell Biology, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Simon L Bullock
- Division of Cell Biology, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Goto T, Sato K, Sone H, Koganezawa M, Ito H, Yamamoto D. Zeste tunes the timing of ecdysone actions in triggering programmed tissue degeneration in Drosophila. J Neurogenet 2015; 29:169-73. [PMID: 26577029 DOI: 10.3109/01677063.2015.1098638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In the pupal stage, the fly body undergoes extensive metamorphic remodeling, in which programmed cell death plays a critical role. We studied two of the constituent processes in this remodeling, salivary gland degeneration and breakdown of the eclosion muscle, which are triggered by an increase and a decrease in the circulating steroid hormone ecdysone at the start and end of metamorphosis, respectively. We found that knockdown of zeste (z), a gene encoding a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein implicated in transvection, in salivary gland cells advances the initiation of their degeneration, whereas z knockdown in neurons delays muscle breakdown. We further showed that knockdown of an ecdysone-inducible gene, E74, retards salivary gland degeneration with little effect on eclosion muscle breakdown. We propose that Z tunes the sensitivity of ecdysone targets to this hormone in order to ensure a high safety margin so that the cell death program will be activated when the ecdysone titer is at a sufficiently high level that is reached only at a defined stage during metamorphosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Goto
- a Division of Neurogenetics , Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences , Sendai , Japan and
| | - Kosei Sato
- a Division of Neurogenetics , Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences , Sendai , Japan and
| | - Hiroyuki Sone
- b Laboratory of Genetics , Waseda University School of Human Sciences, Nishi-Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Masayuki Koganezawa
- a Division of Neurogenetics , Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences , Sendai , Japan and
| | - Hiroki Ito
- a Division of Neurogenetics , Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences , Sendai , Japan and.,b Laboratory of Genetics , Waseda University School of Human Sciences, Nishi-Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamamoto
- a Division of Neurogenetics , Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences , Sendai , Japan and.,b Laboratory of Genetics , Waseda University School of Human Sciences, Nishi-Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Moris-Sanz M, Estacio-Gómez A, Sánchez-Herrero E, Díaz-Benjumea FJ. The study of the Bithorax-complex genes in patterning CCAP neurons reveals a temporal control of neuronal differentiation by Abd-B. Biol Open 2015; 4:1132-42. [PMID: 26276099 PMCID: PMC4582124 DOI: 10.1242/bio.012872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
During development, HOX genes play critical roles in the establishment of segmental differences. In the Drosophila central nervous system, these differences are manifested in the number and type of neurons generated by each neuroblast in each segment. HOX genes can act either in neuroblasts or in postmitotic cells, and either early or late in a lineage. Additionally, they can be continuously required during development or just at a specific stage. Moreover, these features are generally segment-specific. Lately, it has been shown that contrary to what happens in other tissues, where HOX genes define domains of expression, these genes are expressed in individual cells as part of the combinatorial codes involved in cell type specification. In this report we analyse the role of the Bithorax-complex genes - Ultrabithorax, abdominal-A and Abdominal-B - in sculpting the pattern of crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP)-expressing neurons. These neurons are widespread in invertebrates, express CCAP, Bursicon and MIP neuropeptides and play major roles in controlling ecdysis. There are two types of CCAP neuron: interneurons and efferent neurons. Our results indicate that Ultrabithorax and Abdominal-A are not necessary for specification of the CCAP-interneurons, but are absolutely required to prevent the death by apoptosis of the CCAP-efferent neurons. Furthermore, Abdominal-B controls by repression the temporal onset of neuropeptide expression in a subset of CCAP-efferent neurons, and a peak of ecdysone hormone at the end of larval life counteracts this repression. Thus, Bithorax complex genes control the developmental appearance of these neuropeptides both temporally and spatially.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Moris-Sanz
- Centro de Biología Molecular-Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), c./Nicolás Cabrera 1, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - A Estacio-Gómez
- Centro de Biología Molecular-Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), c./Nicolás Cabrera 1, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - E Sánchez-Herrero
- Centro de Biología Molecular-Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), c./Nicolás Cabrera 1, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - F J Díaz-Benjumea
- Centro de Biología Molecular-Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), c./Nicolás Cabrera 1, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid 28049, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Garcia-Hughes G, Link N, Ghosh AB, Abrams JM. Hid arbitrates collective cell death in the Drosophila wing. Mech Dev 2015; 138 Pt 3:349-55. [PMID: 26226435 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Elimination of cells and tissues by apoptosis is a highly conserved and tightly regulated process. In Drosophila, the entire wing epithelium is completely removed shortly after eclosion. The cells that make up this epithelium are collectively eliminated through a highly synchronized form of apoptotic cell death, involving canonical apoptosome genes. Here we present evidence that collective cell death does not require cell-cell contact and show that transcription of the IAP antagonist, head involution defective, is acutely induced in wing epithelial cells prior to this process. hid mRNAs accumulate to levels that exceed a component of the ribosome and likewise, Hid protein becomes highly abundant in these same cells. hid function is required for collective cell death, since loss of function mutants shows persisting wing epithelial cells and, furthermore, silencing of the hormone bursicon in the CNS produced collective cell death defective phenotypes manifested in the wing epithelium. Taken together, our observations suggest that acute induction of Hid primes wing epithelial cells for collective cell death and that Bursicon is a strong candidate to trigger this process, possibly by activating the abundant pool of Hid protein already present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianella Garcia-Hughes
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9039, United States
| | - Nichole Link
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Anwesha B Ghosh
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9039, United States
| | - John M Abrams
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9039, United States.
| |
Collapse
|