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Hoisington ZW, Gangal H, Phamluong K, Shukla C, Ehinger Y, Moffat JJ, Homanics GE, Wang J, Ron D. Prosapip1 in the dorsal hippocampus mediates synaptic protein composition, long-term potentiation, and spatial memory. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.13.597459. [PMID: 38915579 PMCID: PMC11195216 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.13.597459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Prosapip1 is a brain-specific protein localized to the postsynaptic density, where it promotes dendritic spine maturation in primary hippocampal neurons. However, nothing is known about the role of Prosapip1 in vivo . To examine this, we utilized the Cre-loxP system to develop a Prosapip1 neuronal knockout mouse. We found that Prosapip1 controls the synaptic localization of its binding partner SPAR, along with PSD-95 and the GluN2B subunit of the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) in the dorsal hippocampus (dHP). We next sought to identify the potential contribution of Prosapip1 to the activity and function of the NMDAR and found that Prosapip1 plays an important role in NMDAR-mediated transmission and long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 region of the dHP. As LTP is the cellular hallmark of learning and memory, we examined the consequences of neuronal knockout of Prosapip1 on dHP-dependent memory. We found that global or dHP-specific neuronal knockout of Prosapip1 caused a deficit in learning and memory whereas developmental, locomotor, and anxiety phenotypes were normal. Taken together, Prosapip1 in the dHP promotes the proper localization of synaptic proteins which, in turn, facilitates LTP driving recognition, social, and spatial learning and memory.
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Barragan EV, Anisimova M, Vijayakumar V, Coblentz AC, Park DK, Salaka RJ, Nisan AFK, Petshow S, Dore K, Zito K, Gray JA. D-Serine inhibits non-ionotropic NMDA receptor signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.29.596266. [PMID: 38854020 PMCID: PMC11160797 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.29.596266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
NMDA-type glutamate receptors (NMDARs) are widely recognized as master regulators of synaptic plasticity, most notably for driving long-term changes in synapse size and strength that support learning. NMDARs are unique among neurotransmitter receptors in that they require binding of both neurotransmitter (glutamate) and co-agonist (e.g. d -serine) to open the receptor channel, which leads to the influx of calcium ions that drive synaptic plasticity. Over the past decade, evidence has accumulated that NMDARs also support synaptic plasticity via ion flux-independent (non-ionotropic) signaling upon the binding of glutamate in the absence of co-agonist, although conflicting results have led to significant controversy. Here, we hypothesized that a major source of contradictory results can be attributed to variable occupancy of the co-agonist binding site under different experimental conditions. To test this hypothesis, we manipulated co-agonist availability in acute hippocampal slices from mice of both sexes. We found that enzymatic scavenging of endogenous co-agonists enhanced the magnitude of LTD induced by non-ionotropic NMDAR signaling in the presence of the NMDAR pore blocker, MK801. Conversely, a saturating concentration of d -serine completely inhibited both LTD and spine shrinkage induced by glutamate binding in the presence of MK801. Using a FRET-based assay in cultured neurons, we further found that d -serine completely blocked NMDA-induced conformational movements of the GluN1 cytoplasmic domains in the presence of MK801. Our results support a model in which d -serine inhibits ion flux-independent NMDAR signaling and plasticity, and thus d -serine availability could serve to modulate NMDAR signaling even when the NMDAR is blocked by magnesium. Significance Statement NMDARs are glutamate-gated cation channels that are key regulators of neurodevelopment and synaptic plasticity and unique in their requirement for binding of a co-agonist (e.g. d -serine) in order for the channel to open. NMDARs have been found to drive synaptic plasticity via non-ionotropic (ion flux-independent) signaling upon the binding of glutamate in the absence of co-agonist, though conflicting results have led to controversy. Here, we found that d -serine inhibits non-ionotropic NMDAR-mediated LTD and LTD-associated spine shrinkage. Thus, a major source of the contradictory findings might be attributed to experimental variability in d -serine availability. In addition, the developmental regulation of d -serine levels suggests a role for non-ionotropic NMDAR plasticity during critical periods of plasticity.
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Martin SP, Leeman-Markowski BA. Proposed mechanisms of tau: relationships to traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, and epilepsy. Front Neurol 2024; 14:1287545. [PMID: 38249745 PMCID: PMC10797726 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1287545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and epilepsy share proposed mechanisms of injury, including neuronal excitotoxicity, cascade signaling, and activation of protein biomarkers such as tau. Although tau is typically present intracellularly, in tauopathies, phosphorylated (p-) and hyper-phosphorylated (hp-) tau are released extracellularly, the latter leading to decreased neuronal stability and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Tau cleavage at particular sites increases susceptibility to hyper-phosphorylation, NFT formation, and eventual cell death. The relationship between tau and inflammation, however, is unknown. In this review, we present evidence for an imbalanced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response and inflammatory signaling pathways resulting in atypical p-tau, hp-tau and NFT formation. Further, we propose tau as a biomarker for neuronal injury severity in TBI, AD, and epilepsy. We present a hypothesis of tau phosphorylation as an initial acute neuroprotective response to seizures/TBI. However, if the underlying seizure pathology or TBI recurrence is not effectively treated, and the pathway becomes chronically activated, we propose a "tipping point" hypothesis that identifies a transition of tau phosphorylation from neuroprotective to injurious. We outline the role of amyloid beta (Aβ) as a "last ditch effort" to revert the cell to programmed death signaling, that, when fails, transitions the mechanism from injurious to neurodegenerative. Lastly, we discuss targets along these pathways for therapeutic intervention in AD, TBI, and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha P. Martin
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, United States
| | - Beth A. Leeman-Markowski
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, United States
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Chandravanshi LP, Agrawal P, Darwish HW, Trigun SK. Impairments of Spatial Memory and N-methyl-d-aspartate Receptors and Their Postsynaptic Signaling Molecules in the Hippocampus of Developing Rats Induced by As, Pb, and Mn Mixture Exposure. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1715. [PMID: 38137163 PMCID: PMC10742016 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to metal mixtures is recognized as a real-life scenario, needing novel studies that can assess their complex effects on brain development. There is still a significant public health concern associated with chronic low levels of metal exposure. In contrast to other metals, these three metals (As, Pb, and Mn) are commonly found in various environmental and industrial contexts. In addition to additive or synergistic interactions, concurrent exposure to this metal mixture may also have neurotoxic effects that differ from those caused by exposure to single components. The NMDA receptor and several important signaling proteins are involved in learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, including CaMKII, postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95), synaptic Ras GTPase activating protein (SynGAP), a negative regulator of Ras-MAPK activity, and CREB. We hypothesized that alterations in the above molecular players may contribute to metal mixture developmental neurotoxicity. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of these metals and their mixture at low doses (As 4 mg, Pb 4 mg, and Mn 10 mg/kg bw/p.o) on NMDA receptors and their postsynaptic signaling proteins during developing periods (GD6 to PD59) of the rat brain. Rats exposed to As, Pb, and Mn individually or at the same doses in a triple-metal mixture (MM) showed impairments in learning and memory functions in comparison to the control group rats. Declined protein expressions of NR2A, PSD-95, p- CaMKII, and pCREB were observed in the metal mix-exposed rats, while the expression of SynGAP was found to be enhanced in the hippocampus as compared to the controls on PD60. Thereby, our data suggest that alterations in the NMDA receptor complex and postsynaptic signaling proteins could explain the cognitive dysfunctions caused by metal-mixture-induced developmental neurotoxicity in rats. These outcomes indicate that incessant metal mixture exposure may have detrimental consequences on brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit P. Chandravanshi
- Department of Forensic Science, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201308, India; (L.P.C.); (P.A.)
| | - Prashant Agrawal
- Department of Forensic Science, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201308, India; (L.P.C.); (P.A.)
| | - Hany W. Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Surendra Kumar Trigun
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Seo JS, Lee SH, Won HS, Yang M, Nahm SS, Nam SM. Effects of Gestational and Lactational Lead Exposure and High Fat Diet Feeding on Cerebellar Development of Postnatal Rat Offspring. Nutrients 2023; 15:4325. [PMID: 37892401 PMCID: PMC10609260 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and heavy metals, such as lead (Pb), are detrimental to the adult brain because they impair cognitive function and structural plasticity. However, the effects of co-administration of Pb and a high-fat diet (HFD) on the developing cerebellum is not clearly elucidated. We investigated the effects of Pb exposure (0.3% lead acetate) on developing cerebellum in the pups of an HFD-fed obese rat model. One week before mating, we fed a chow diet (CD) or HFD to the rats for one week and additionally administered Pb to HFD-fed female SD rats. Thereafter, treatment with Pb and a HFD was continued during the gestational and lactational periods. On postnatal day 21, the pups were euthanized to sample the brain tissue and blood for further analysis. Blood Pb levels were significantly higher in HFD-fed rats than in CD-fed rats. Histologically, the prominent degeneration of Purkinje cells was induced by the co-administration of Pb and HFD. The calbindin-28Kd-, GAD67-, NMDAR1-, and PSD95-immunopositive Purkinje cells and inhibitory synapse-forming pinceau structures were significantly decreased following Pb and HFD co-administration. MBP-immunoreactive myelinated axonal fibers were also impaired by HFD but were significantly damaged by the co-administration of HFD and Pb. Oxidative stress-related Nrf2-HO1 signaling was activated by HFD feeding, and Pb exposure further aggravated oxidative stress, as demonstrated by the consumption of endogenous anti-oxidant in HFD-Pb rats. The pro-inflammatory response was also increased by the co-administration of HFD and Pb in the cerebellum of the rat offspring. The present results suggest that HFD and Pb treatment during the gestational and lactational periods are harmful to cerebellar development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Seok Seo
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (J.S.S.); (S.-S.N.)
| | - Shin Hyo Lee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine and Jesaeng-Euise Clinical Anatomy Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea; (S.H.L.); (H.-S.W.); (M.Y.)
| | - Hyung-Sun Won
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine and Jesaeng-Euise Clinical Anatomy Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea; (S.H.L.); (H.-S.W.); (M.Y.)
| | - Miyoung Yang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine and Jesaeng-Euise Clinical Anatomy Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea; (S.H.L.); (H.-S.W.); (M.Y.)
| | - Sang-Seop Nahm
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (J.S.S.); (S.-S.N.)
| | - Sung Min Nam
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine and Jesaeng-Euise Clinical Anatomy Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea; (S.H.L.); (H.-S.W.); (M.Y.)
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Andrabi SM, Sharma NS, Karan A, Shahriar SMS, Cordon B, Ma B, Xie J. Nitric Oxide: Physiological Functions, Delivery, and Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303259. [PMID: 37632708 PMCID: PMC10602574 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous molecule that has a central role in signaling pathways involved in numerous physiological processes (e.g., vasodilation, neurotransmission, inflammation, apoptosis, and tumor growth). Due to its gaseous form, NO has a short half-life, and its physiology role is concentration dependent, often restricting its function to a target site. Providing NO from an external source is beneficial in promoting cellular functions and treatment of different pathological conditions. Hence, the multifaceted role of NO in physiology and pathology has garnered massive interest in developing strategies to deliver exogenous NO for the treatment of various regenerative and biomedical complexities. NO-releasing platforms or donors capable of delivering NO in a controlled and sustained manner to target tissues or organs have advanced in the past few decades. This review article discusses in detail the generation of NO via the enzymatic functions of NO synthase as well as from NO donors and the multiple biological and pathological processes that NO modulates. The methods for incorporating of NO donors into diverse biomaterials including physical, chemical, or supramolecular techniques are summarized. Then, these NO-releasing platforms are highlighted in terms of advancing treatment strategies for various medical problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Muntazir Andrabi
- Department of Surgery‐Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine ProgramCollege of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA
| | - Navatha Shree Sharma
- Department of Surgery‐Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine ProgramCollege of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA
| | - Anik Karan
- Department of Surgery‐Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine ProgramCollege of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA
| | - S. M. Shatil Shahriar
- Department of Surgery‐Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine ProgramCollege of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA
| | - Brent Cordon
- Department of Surgery‐Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine ProgramCollege of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA
| | - Bing Ma
- Cell Therapy Manufacturing FacilityMedStar Georgetown University HospitalWashington, DC2007USA
| | - Jingwei Xie
- Department of Surgery‐Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine ProgramCollege of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA
- Department of Mechanical and Materials EngineeringCollege of EngineeringUniversity of Nebraska LincolnLincolnNE68588USA
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John U, Patro N, Patro IK. Astrogliosis and associated CSPG upregulation adversely affect dendritogenesis, spinogenesis and synaptic activity in the cerebellum of a double-hit rat model of protein malnutrition (PMN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced bacterial infection. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 131:102286. [PMID: 37169039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a vital role in growth, guidance and survival of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). The chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are a type of ECM proteins that are crucial for CNS homeostasis. The major goal of this study was to uncover the effects of astroglial activation and associated intensified expression of CSPGs on dendritogenesis, spinogenesis as well as on synaptic activity in cerebellum following protein malnutrition (PMN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced bacterial infection. Female Wistar albino rats (3 months old) were switched to control (20% protein) or low protein (LP, 8% protein) diet for 15 days followed by breeding. A set of pups born to control/LP mothers and maintained on respective diets throughout the experimental period constituted the control and LP groups, while a separate set of both control and LP group pups exposed to bacterial infection by a single intraperitoneal injection of LPS (0.3 mg/ kg body weight) on postnatal day-9 (P-9) constituted control+LPS and LP+LPS groups respectively. The consequences of astrogliosis induced CSPG upregulation on cerebellar cytoarchitecture and synaptic activity were studied using standard immunohistochemical and histological tools on P-21 and 6 months of age. The results revealed reactive astrogliosis and associated CSPG upregulation in a double-hit model of PMN and LPS induced bacterial infection resulted in disrupted dendritogenesis, reduced postsynaptic density protein (PSD-95) levels and a deleterious impact on normal spine growth. Such alterations frequently have the potential to cause synaptic dysregulation and inhibition of plasticity both during development as well as adulthood. At the light of our results, we can envision that upregulation of CSPGs in PMN and LPS co-challenged individuals might emerge as an important modulator of brain circuitry and a major causative factor for many neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urmilla John
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India; School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
| | - Nisha Patro
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
| | - Ishan K Patro
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India; School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India.
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Lloyd BA, Han Y, Roth R, Zhang B, Aoto J. Neurexin-3 subsynaptic densities are spatially distinct from Neurexin-1 and essential for excitatory synapse nanoscale organization in the hippocampus. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4706. [PMID: 37543682 PMCID: PMC10404257 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40419-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins critical for synaptic transmission are non-uniformly distributed and assembled into regions of high density called subsynaptic densities (SSDs) that transsynaptically align in nanocolumns. Neurexin-1 and neurexin-3 are essential presynaptic adhesion molecules that non-redundantly control NMDAR- and AMPAR-mediated synaptic transmission, respectively, via transsynaptic interactions with distinct postsynaptic ligands. Despite their functional relevance, fundamental questions regarding the nanoscale properties of individual neurexins, their influence on the subsynaptic organization of excitatory synapses and the mechanisms controlling how individual neurexins engage in precise transsynaptic interactions are unknown. Using Double Helix 3D dSTORM and neurexin mouse models, we identify neurexin-3 as a critical presynaptic adhesion molecule that regulates excitatory synapse nano-organization in hippocampus. Furthermore, endogenous neurexin-1 and neurexin-3 form discrete and non-overlapping SSDs that are enriched opposite their postsynaptic ligands. Thus, the nanoscale organization of neurexin-1 and neurexin-3 may explain how individual neurexins signal in parallel to govern different synaptic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Lloyd
- University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Ying Han
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Rebecca Roth
- University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Jason Aoto
- University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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Pitcher GM, Garzia L, Morrissy AS, Taylor MD, Salter MW. Synapse-specific diversity of distinct postsynaptic GluN2 subtypes defines transmission strength in spinal lamina I. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2023; 15:1197174. [PMID: 37503309 PMCID: PMC10368998 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2023.1197174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The unitary postsynaptic response to presynaptic quantal glutamate release is the fundamental basis of excitatory information transfer between neurons. The view, however, of individual glutamatergic synaptic connections in a population as homogenous, fixed-strength units of neural communication is becoming increasingly scrutinized. Here, we used minimal stimulation of individual glutamatergic afferent axons to evoke single synapse resolution postsynaptic responses from central sensory lamina I neurons in an ex vivo adult rat spinal slice preparation. We detected unitary events exhibiting a NMDA receptor component with distinct kinetic properties across synapses conferred by specific GluN2 subunit composition, indicative of GluN2 subtype-based postsynaptic heterogeneity. GluN2A, 2A and 2B, or 2B and 2D synaptic predominance functioned on distinct lamina I neuron types to narrowly, intermediately, or widely tune, respectively, the duration of evoked unitary depolarization events from resting membrane potential, which enabled individual synapses to grade differentially depolarizing steps during temporally patterned afferent input. Our results lead to a model wherein a core locus of proteomic complexity prevails at this central glutamatergic sensory synapse that involves distinct GluN2 subtype configurations. These findings have major implications for subthreshold integrative capacity and transmission strength in spinal lamina I and other CNS regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham M. Pitcher
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Livia Garzia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, and Cancer Research Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - A. Sorana Morrissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Michael D. Taylor
- Brain Tumor Program, Texas Medical Centre, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michael W. Salter
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Zhang Y, Wei R, Ni M, Wu Q, Li Y, Ge Y, Kong X, Li X, Chen G. An enriched environment improves maternal sleep deprivation-induced cognitive deficits and synaptic plasticity via hippocampal histone acetylation. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3018. [PMID: 37073496 PMCID: PMC10275536 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Growing evidence clearly demonstrates that maternal rodents exposure to sleep deprivation (SD) during late pregnancy impairs learning and memory in their offspring. Epigenetic mechanisms, particularly histone acetylation, are known to be involved in synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. We hypothesize that the cognitive decline induced by SD during late pregnancy is associated with histone acetylation dysfunction, and this effect could be reversed by an enriched environment (EE). METHODS In the present study, pregnant CD-1 mice were exposed to SD during the third trimester of pregnancy. After weaning, all offspring were randomly assigned to two subgroups in either a standard environment or an EE. When offspring were 3 months old, the Morris water maze was used to evaluate hippocampal-dependent learning and memory ability. Molecular biological techniques, including western blot and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, were used to examine the histone acetylation pathway and synaptic plasticity markers in the hippocampus of offspring. RESULTS The results showed that the following were all reversed by EE treatment: maternal SD (MSD)-induced cognitive deficits including spatial learning and memory; histone acetylation dysfunction including increased histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) and decreased histone acetyltransferase (CBP), and the acetylation levels of H3K9 and H4K12; synaptic plasticity dysfunction including decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor; and postsynaptic density protein-95. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that MSD could damage learning ability and memory in offspring via the histone acetylation pathway. This effect could be reversed by EE treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue‐Ming Zhang
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders)the Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| | - Ru‐Meng Wei
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders)the Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| | - Ming‐Zhu Ni
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders)the Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| | - Qi‐Tao Wu
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders)the Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders)the Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| | - Yi‐Jun Ge
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders)the Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Yi Kong
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders)the Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| | - Xue‐Yan Li
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders)the Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
| | - Gui‐Hai Chen
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders)the Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiP. R. China
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Lee JM, Choi YJ, Yoo MC, Yeo SG. Central Facial Nervous System Biomolecules Involved in Peripheral Facial Nerve Injury Responses and Potential Therapeutic Strategies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051036. [PMID: 37237902 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral facial nerve injury leads to changes in the expression of various neuroactive substances that affect nerve cell damage, survival, growth, and regeneration. In the case of peripheral facial nerve damage, the injury directly affects the peripheral nerves and induces changes in the central nervous system (CNS) through various factors, but the substances involved in these changes in the CNS are not well understood. The objective of this review is to investigate the biomolecules involved in peripheral facial nerve damage so as to gain insight into the mechanisms and limitations of targeting the CNS after such damage and identify potential facial nerve treatment strategies. To this end, we searched PubMed using keywords and exclusion criteria and selected 29 eligible experimental studies. Our analysis summarizes basic experimental studies on changes in the CNS following peripheral facial nerve damage, focusing on biomolecules that increase or decrease in the CNS and/or those involved in the damage, and reviews various approaches for treating facial nerve injury. By establishing the biomolecules in the CNS that change after peripheral nerve damage, we can expect to identify factors that play an important role in functional recovery from facial nerve damage. Accordingly, this review could represent a significant step toward developing treatment strategies for peripheral facial palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Min Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - You Jung Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Chul Yoo
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Geun Yeo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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12
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Falkovich R, Danielson EW, Perez de Arce K, Wamhoff EC, Strother J, Lapteva AP, Sheng M, Cottrell JR, Bathe M. A synaptic molecular dependency network in knockdown of autism- and schizophrenia-associated genes revealed by multiplexed imaging. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112430. [PMID: 37099425 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex functions of neuronal synapses depend on their tightly interconnected protein network, and their dysregulation is implicated in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. However, it remains unclear how synaptic molecular networks are altered biochemically in these disorders. Here, we apply multiplexed imaging to probe the effects of RNAi knockdown of 16 autism- and schizophrenia-associated genes on the simultaneous joint distribution of 10 synaptic proteins, observing several protein composition phenotypes associated with these risk genes. We apply Bayesian network analysis to infer hierarchical dependencies among eight excitatory synaptic proteins, yielding predictive relationships that can only be accessed with single-synapse, multiprotein measurements performed simultaneously in situ. Finally, we find that central features of the network are affected similarly across several distinct gene knockdowns. These results offer insight into the convergent molecular etiology of these widespread disorders and provide a general framework to probe subcellular molecular networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuven Falkovich
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eric W Danielson
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Karen Perez de Arce
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eike-C Wamhoff
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Juliana Strother
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anna P Lapteva
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Morgan Sheng
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Cottrell
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mark Bathe
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School Initiative for RNA Medicine, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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13
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Huffels CFM, Middeldorp J, Hol EM. Aß Pathology and Neuron-Glia Interactions: A Synaptocentric View. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:1026-1046. [PMID: 35976488 PMCID: PMC10030451 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03699-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) causes the majority of dementia cases worldwide. Early pathological hallmarks include the accumulation of amyloid-ß (Aß) and activation of both astrocytes and microglia. Neurons form the building blocks of the central nervous system, and astrocytes and microglia provide essential input for its healthy functioning. Their function integrates at the level of the synapse, which is therefore sometimes referred to as the "quad-partite synapse". Increasing evidence puts AD forward as a disease of the synapse, where pre- and postsynaptic processes, as well as astrocyte and microglia functioning progressively deteriorate. Here, we aim to review the current knowledge on how Aß accumulation functionally affects the individual components of the quad-partite synapse. We highlight a selection of processes that are essential to the healthy functioning of the neuronal synapse, including presynaptic neurotransmitter release and postsynaptic receptor functioning. We further discuss how Aß affects the astrocyte's capacity to recycle neurotransmitters, release gliotransmitters, and maintain ion homeostasis. We additionally review literature on how Aß changes the immunoprotective function of microglia during AD progression and conclude by summarizing our main findings and highlighting the challenges in current studies, as well as the need for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan F M Huffels
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jinte Middeldorp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurobiology & Aging, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Elly M Hol
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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14
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Naylor DE. In the fast lane: Receptor trafficking during status epilepticus. Epilepsia Open 2023; 8 Suppl 1:S35-S65. [PMID: 36861477 PMCID: PMC10173858 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Status epilepticus (SE) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality and often is refractory to standard first-line treatments. A rapid loss of synaptic inhibition and development of pharmacoresistance to benzodiazepines (BZDs) occurs early during SE, while NMDA and AMPA receptor antagonists remain effective treatments after BZDs have failed. Multimodal and subunit-selective receptor trafficking within minutes to an hour of SE involves GABA-A, NMDA, and AMPA receptors and contributes to shifts in the number and subunit composition of surface receptors with differential impacts on the physiology, pharmacology, and strength of GABAergic and glutamatergic currents at synaptic and extrasynaptic sites. During the first hour of SE, synaptic GABA-A receptors containing γ2 subunits move to the cell interior while extrasynaptic GABA-A receptors with δ subunits are preserved. Conversely, NMDA receptors containing N2B subunits are increased at synaptic and extrasynaptic sites, and homomeric GluA1 ("GluA2-lacking") calcium permeant AMPA receptor surface expression also is increased. Molecular mechanisms, largely driven by NMDA receptor or calcium permeant AMPA receptor activation early during circuit hyperactivity, regulate subunit-specific interactions with proteins involved with synaptic scaffolding, adaptin-AP2/clathrin-dependent endocytosis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention, and endosomal recycling. Reviewed here is how SE-induced shifts in receptor subunit composition and surface representation increase the excitatory to inhibitory imbalance that sustains seizures and fuels excitotoxicity contributing to chronic sequela such as "spontaneous recurrent seizures" (SRS). A role for early multimodal therapy is suggested both for treatment of SE and for prevention of long-term comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Naylor
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, and The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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15
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Singh S, Singh TG. Imatinib Attenuates Pentylenetetrazole Kindled and Pilocarpine Induced Recurrent Spontaneous Seizures in Mice. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:418-434. [PMID: 36239857 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03758-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
c-Abl is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that promotes intracellular apoptotic signaling in prolonged epileptic seizures. PTZ and pilocarpine-induced continuous epileptic convulsions cause neuronal death and gliosis. C-Abl is linked to oxidative stress, neuronal hyperexcitability, mitochondrial malfunction, and subsequent seizures. We investigated the involvement of c-Abl in epileptogenesis by employing its selective inhibitor Imatinib (1 & 3 mg/kg; i.p.) together with conventional medication valproate (110 mg/kg; i.p.) tends to be effective in decreasing seizures threshold provoked by PTZ for 15 days and pilocarpine for 37 days. Further, Imatinib was effective in preventing epileptic seizures arbitrated oxidative stress injury. Oxidative stress has been linked to excitotoxicity that is considered to pathogenic factor in epileptic brain damage. As ELIZA and biochemical estimations showed the high level of c-Abl as an indicator of neuronal oxidative and apoptosis under chronic PTZ & pilocarpine epileptic seizures marked by decreased antioxidants and elevated levels of caspase-3 that were successfully prevented with Imatinib treatment same as valproate (standard drug). Further, the aberrant c-Abl activation is also linked with neuroinflammation that is also predisposing factor in the development of seizures. Selective inhibition of c-Abl by Imatinib also showed anti-inflammatory activity marked with suppressed levels of NF-kB and pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-alpha, IL-1β, and IL-6) suggesting the neuroprotective effect of Imatinib same as valproate (standard drug) in epilepsy. Therefore, the current study provides preclinical evidence of Imatinib as a potential treatment for seizures, as well as an understanding of potential role of c-Ablin epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shareen Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401, Punjab, India
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16
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Niu M, Yang X, Li Y, Sun Y, Wang L, Ha J, Xie Y, Gao Z, Tian C, Wang L, Sun Y. Progresses in GluN2A-containing NMDA Receptors and their Selective Regulators. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:139-153. [PMID: 34978648 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01185-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
NMDA receptors play an important physiological role in regulating synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. GluN2A subunits are the most abundant functional subunits of NMDA receptors expressed in mature brain, and their dysfunction is related to various neurological diseases. According to subunit composition, GluN2A-containing NMDA receptors can be divided into two types: diheteromeric and triheteromeric receptors. In this review, the expression, functional and pharmacological properties of different kinds of GluN2A-containing NMDA receptors as well as selective GluN2A regulators were described to further understand this type of NMDA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghan Niu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua East Road 70, Shijiazhuang, 050018, Hebei, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei Chemical & Pharmaceutical College, Fangxing Road 88, Shijiazhuang, 050026, Hebei, China.,Hebei Technological Innovation Center of Chiral Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua East Road 70, Shijiazhuang, 050018, Hebei, China
| | - Yanping Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua East Road 70, Shijiazhuang, 050018, Hebei, China.,Hebei Research Center of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China.,State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, USA
| | - Jing Ha
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua East Road 70, Shijiazhuang, 050018, Hebei, China
| | - Yinghua Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua East Road 70, Shijiazhuang, 050018, Hebei, China
| | - Zibin Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua East Road 70, Shijiazhuang, 050018, Hebei, China.,Hebei Research Center of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China.,State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Changzheng Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Donggang Road 89, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei Chemical & Pharmaceutical College, Fangxing Road 88, Shijiazhuang, 050026, Hebei, China. .,Hebei Technological Innovation Center of Chiral Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Yongjun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua East Road 70, Shijiazhuang, 050018, Hebei, China. .,Hebei Research Center of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China. .,State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, Shijiazhuang, China.
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17
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Basak S, Saikia N, Kwun D, Choi UB, Ding F, Bowen ME. Different Forms of Disorder in NMDA-Sensitive Glutamate Receptor Cytoplasmic Domains Are Associated with Differences in Condensate Formation. Biomolecules 2022; 13:4. [PMID: 36671389 PMCID: PMC9855357 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-sensitive glutamate receptor (NMDAR) helps assemble downstream signaling pathways through protein interactions within the postsynaptic density (PSD), which are mediated by its intracellular C-terminal domain (CTD). The most abundant NMDAR subunits in the brain are GluN2A and GluN2B, which are associated with a developmental switch in NMDAR composition. Previously, we used single molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET) to show that the GluN2B CTD contained an intrinsically disordered region with slow, hop-like conformational dynamics. The CTD from GluN2B also undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) with synaptic proteins. Here, we extend these observations to the GluN2A CTD. Sequence analysis showed that both subunits contain a form of intrinsic disorder classified as weak polyampholytes. However, only GluN2B contained matched patterning of arginine and aromatic residues, which are linked to LLPS. To examine the conformational distribution, we used discrete molecular dynamics (DMD), which revealed that GluN2A favors extended disordered states containing secondary structures while GluN2B favors disordered globular states. In contrast to GluN2B, smFRET measurements found that GluN2A lacked slow conformational dynamics. Thus, simulation and experiments found differences in the form of disorder. To understand how this affects protein interactions, we compared the ability of these two NMDAR isoforms to undergo LLPS. We found that GluN2B readily formed condensates with PSD-95 and SynGAP, while GluN2A failed to support LLPS and instead showed a propensity for colloidal aggregation. That GluN2A fails to support this same condensate formation suggests a developmental switch in LLPS propensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujit Basak
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Nabanita Saikia
- Department of Chemistry, Navajo Technical University, Crownpoint, NM 87313, USA
| | - David Kwun
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | | | - Feng Ding
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0978, USA
| | - Mark E. Bowen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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18
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Angelini C, Morellato A, Alfieri A, Pavinato L, Cravero T, Bianciotto OT, Salemme V, Natalini D, Centonze G, Raspanti A, Garofalo T, Valdembri D, Serini G, Marcantoni A, Becchetti A, Giustetto M, Turco E, Defilippi P. p140Cap Regulates the Composition and Localization of the NMDAR Complex in Synaptic Lipid Rafts. J Neurosci 2022; 42:7183-7200. [PMID: 35953295 PMCID: PMC9512579 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1775-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The NMDARs are key players in both physiological and pathologic synaptic plasticity because of their involvement in many aspects of neuronal transmission as well as learning and memory. The contribution in these events of different types of GluN2A-interacting proteins is still unclear. The p140Cap scaffold protein acts as a hub for postsynaptic complexes relevant to psychiatric and neurologic disorders and regulates synaptic functions, such as the stabilization of mature dendritic spine, memory consolidation, LTP, and LTD. Here we demonstrate that p140Cap directly binds the GluN2A subunit of NMDAR and modulates GluN2A-associated molecular network. Indeed, in p140Cap KO male mice, GluN2A is less associated with PSD95 both in ex vivo synaptosomes and in cultured hippocampal neurons, and p140Cap expression in KO neurons can rescue GluN2A and PSD95 colocalization. p140Cap is crucial in the recruitment of GluN2A-containing NMDARs and, consequently, in regulating NMDARs' intrinsic properties. p140Cap is associated to synaptic lipid-raft (LR) and to soluble postsynaptic membranes, and GluN2A and PSD95 are less recruited into synaptic LR of p140Cap KO male mice. Gated-stimulated emission depletion microscopy on hippocampal neurons confirmed that p140Cap is required for embedding GluN2A clusters in LR in an activity-dependent fashion. In the synaptic compartment, p140Cap influences the association between GluN2A and PSD95 and modulates GluN2A enrichment into LR. Overall, such increase in these membrane domains rich in signaling molecules results in improved signal transduction efficiency.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Here we originally show that the adaptor protein p140Cap directly binds the GluN2A subunit of NMDAR and modulates the GluN2A-associated molecular network. Moreover, we show, for the first time, that p140Cap also associates to synaptic lipid rafts and controls the selective recruitment of GluN2A and PSD95 to this specific compartment. Finally, gated-stimulated emission depletion microscopy on hippocampal neurons confirmed that p140Cap is required for embedding GluN2A clusters in lipid rafts in an activity-dependent fashion. Overall, our findings provide the molecular and functional dissection of p140Cap as a new active member of a highly dynamic synaptic network involved in memory consolidation, LTP, and LTD, which are known to be altered in neurologic and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Angelini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Alessandro Morellato
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Annalisa Alfieri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Lisa Pavinato
- Department of Medical Sciences, Medical Genetics Unit, University of Torino, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cravero
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Olga Teresa Bianciotto
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Salemme
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Dora Natalini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Giorgia Centonze
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Alessandra Raspanti
- Neuroscience Department "Rita Levi Montalcini," University of Torino, Torino, 10125, Italy
| | - Tina Garofalo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Roma, 00161, Italy
| | - Donatella Valdembri
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Regione Gonzole, 10, 10043, Orbassano, TO, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, 10060, Italy
| | - Guido Serini
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Regione Gonzole, 10, 10043, Orbassano, TO, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, 10060, Italy
| | - Andrea Marcantoni
- Department of Drug Science, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, University of Torino, Torino, 10126, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences and NeuroMI, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, 20126, Italy
| | - Andrea Becchetti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences and NeuroMI, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, 20126, Italy
| | - Maurizio Giustetto
- Neuroscience Department "Rita Levi Montalcini," University of Torino, Torino, 10125, Italy
| | - Emilia Turco
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Paola Defilippi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, 10126, Italy
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19
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Ortiz-Sanz C, Balantzategi U, Quintela-López T, Ruiz A, Luchena C, Zuazo-Ibarra J, Capetillo-Zarate E, Matute C, Zugaza JL, Alberdi E. Amyloid β / PKC-dependent alterations in NMDA receptor composition are detected in early stages of Alzheimer´s disease. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:253. [PMID: 35306512 PMCID: PMC8934345 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04687-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ)-mediated synapse dysfunction is an early event in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis and previous studies suggest that NMDA receptor (NMDAR) dysregulation may contribute to these pathological effects. Although Aβ peptides impair NMDAR expression and activity, the mechanisms mediating these alterations in the early stages of AD are unclear. Here, we observed that NMDAR subunit NR2B and PSD-95 levels were aberrantly upregulated and correlated with Aβ42 load in human postsynaptic fractions of the prefrontal cortex in early stages of AD patients, as well as in the hippocampus of 3xTg-AD mice. Importantly, NR2B and PSD95 dysregulation was revealed by an increased expression of both proteins in Aβ-injected mouse hippocampi. In cultured neurons, Aβ oligomers increased the NR2B-containing NMDAR density in neuronal membranes and the NMDA-induced intracellular Ca2+ increase, in addition to colocalization in dendrites of NR2B subunit and PSD95. Mechanistically, Aβ oligomers required integrin β1 to promote synaptic location and function of NR2B-containing NMDARs and PSD95 by phosphorylation through classic PKCs. These results provide evidence that Aβ oligomers modify the contribution of NR2B to NMDAR composition and function in the early stages of AD through an integrin β1 and PKC-dependent pathway. These data reveal a novel role of Aβ oligomers in synaptic dysfunction that may be relevant to early-stage AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Ortiz-Sanz
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain.,Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
| | - Uxue Balantzategi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain.,Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
| | - Tania Quintela-López
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain.,Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain.,Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, & Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Asier Ruiz
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain.,Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
| | - Celia Luchena
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain.,Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
| | - Jone Zuazo-Ibarra
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain.,Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
| | - Estibaliz Capetillo-Zarate
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain.,Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain.,IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Carlos Matute
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain.,Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
| | - José L Zugaza
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain.,IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.,Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Elena Alberdi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain. .,Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain.
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20
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Choi I, Yang H, Kim E, Lee S. Bicarbonate-Independent Sodium Conductance of Na/HCO3 Cotransporter NBCn1 Decreases NMDA Receptor Function. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:1284-1293. [PMID: 35723309 PMCID: PMC8947554 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44030086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The sodium bicarbonate cotransporter NBCn1 is an electroneutral transporter with a channel activity that conducts Na+ in a HCO3–-independent manner. This channel activity was suggested to functionally affect other membrane proteins which permeate Na+ influx. We previously reported that NBCn1 is associated with the NMDA receptors (NMDARs) at the molecular and physiological levels. In this study, we examined whether NBCn1 channel activity affects NMDAR currents and whether this effect involves the interaction between the two proteins. NBCn1 and the NMDAR subunits GluN1A/GluN2A were expressed in Xenopus oocytes, and glutamate currents produced by the receptors were measured using two-electrode voltage clamp. In the absence of CO2/HCO3–, NBCn1 channel activity decreased glutamate currents mediated by GluN1A/GluN2A. NBCn1 also decreased the slope of the current–voltage relationships for the glutamate current. Similar effects on the glutamate current were observed with and without PSD95, which can cluster NBCn1 and NMDARs. The channel activity was also observed in the presence of CO2/HCO3–. We conclude that NBCn1 channel activity decreases NMDAR function. Given that NBCn1 knockout mice develop a downregulation of NMDARs, our results are unexpected and suggest that NBCn1 has dual effects on NMDARs. It stabilizes NMDAR expression but decreases receptor function by its Na+ channel activity. The dual effects may play an important role in fine-tuning the regulation of NMDARs in the brain.
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21
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Sphingolipid control of cognitive functions in health and disease. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 86:101162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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22
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Wu GM, Du CP, Xu Y. Oligomeric Aβ25-35 induces the tyrosine phosphorylation of PSD-95 by SrcPTKs in rat hippocampal CA1 subfield. Int J Neurosci 2021:1-8. [PMID: 34818135 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2021.2010732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although amyloid-β (Aβ) is one of the neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), the mechanisms of Aβ neurotoxicity remain to be clarified. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of Aβ on postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) tyrosine phosphorylation. Elucidating the regulatory mechanisms underlying it may be a promising therapy in AD. METHODS Aβ25-35 oligomers (20 μg/rat) were administered intracerebroventricularly in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. PSD-95 tyrosine phosphorylation was assessed using immunoprecipitation followed by immunoblot analysis. Immunoblot was applied for measuring the protein levels of PSD-95 and β-actin. RESULTS Following 3, 7, 14, 21 days after oligomeric Aβ25-35 treatment, the tyrosine phosphorylation of PSD-95 increased significantly, and peaked at 3 days after oligomeric Aβ25-35 treatment in hippocampal CA1 subfield. Src family protein tyrosine kinases (SrcPTKs) specific inhibitor PP2 attenuated the tyrosine phosphorylation of PSD-95 induced by Aβ25-35. Amantadine [N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor noncompetitive antagonist], NVP-AAM077 (GluN2A-containing NMDA receptor selective inhibitor) and Ro25-6981 (GluN2B-containing NMDA receptor selective inhibitor) also suppressed the Aβ25-35-induced PSD-95 tyrosine phosphorylation. CONCLUSION These results suggest that Aβ oligomers induce the tyrosine phosphorylation of PSD-95 by SrcPTKs, which is mediated by the activation of GluN2A- and GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Mei Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cai-Ping Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Boondam Y, Tantisira MH, Tilokskulchai K, Tapechum S, Pakaprot N. Acute enhancing effect of a standardized extract of Centella asiatica (ECa 233) on synaptic plasticity: an investigation via hippocampal long-term potentiation. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:367-374. [PMID: 33789075 PMCID: PMC8018467 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1893348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT ECa 233 is the standardized extract of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban. (Apiaceae). It contains at least 85% of triterpenoid glycosides and yields neuroprotective and memory-enhancing effects. However, the exact molecules exerting the effects might be triterpenic acid metabolites reproduced through gut metabolism after orally ingesting C. asiatica, not triterpenoid glycosides. OBJECTIVE This study demonstrates the effect of unmetabolized ECa 233 on hippocampal synaptic plasticity after directly perfusing ECa 233 over acute brain slices. MATERIALS AND METHODS The brain slices obtained from 7-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. We perfused either artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF), 0.01% DMSO, 10 µg/mL ECa 233, or 100 µg/mL on brain slices, and measured the long-term potentiation (LTP) magnitude to determine the synaptic plasticity of hippocampal circuits in each group. RESULTS The LTP magnitude of ACSF, DMSO, 10 ug/mL ECa 233, and 100 ug/mL ECa 233 groups increased from 100% to 181.26 ± 38.19%, 148.74 ± 5.40%, 273.71 ± 56.66%, 182.17 ± 18.61%, respectively. ECa 233 at the concentration of 10 µg/mL robustly and significantly enhanced hippocampal LTP magnitude. The data indicates an improvement of the hippocampal synaptic plasticity. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS This study emphasizes the effectiveness of triterpenoid glycosides in ECa 233 on synaptic plasticity enhancement. Therefore, this study supported and complimented the known effects of C. asiatica extract on the enhancement of synaptic plasticity, and subsequently, learning and memory, suggesting that ECa 233 could be a promising memory enhancing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingrak Boondam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Kanokwan Tilokskulchai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sompol Tapechum
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Narawut Pakaprot
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Karoglu-Eravsar ET, Tuz-Sasik MU, Adams MM. Short-term dietary restriction maintains synaptic plasticity whereas short-term overfeeding alters cellular dynamics in the aged brain: evidence from the zebrafish model organism. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 106:169-182. [PMID: 34284260 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increased caloric intake (OF) impairs quality of life causing comorbidities with other diseases and cognitive deficits, whereas dietary restriction (DR) increases healthspan by preventing age-related deteriorations. To understand the effects of these opposing dietary regimens on the cellular and synaptic dynamics during brain aging, the zebrafish model, which shows gradual aging like mammals, was utilized. Global changes in cellular and synaptic markers with respect to age and a 12 week dietary regimen of OF and DR demonstrated that aging reduces the levels of the glutamate receptor subunits, GLUR2/3, inhibitory synaptic clustering protein, GEP, synaptic vesicle protein, SYP, and early-differentiated neuronal marker, HuC. DR significantly elevates levels of glutamate receptor subunits, GLUR2/3, and NMDA clustering protein, PSD95, levels, while OF subtly increases the level of the neuronal protein, DCAMKL1. These data suggest that decreased caloric intake within the context of aging has more robust effects on synapses than cellular proteins, whereas OF alters cellular dynamics. Thus, patterns like these should be taken into account for possible translation to human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Tugce Karoglu-Eravsar
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Psychology, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Melek Umay Tuz-Sasik
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Michelle M Adams
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Benning L, Reinehr S, Grotegut P, Kuehn S, Stute G, Dick HB, Joachim SC. Synapse and Receptor Alterations in Two Different S100B-Induced Glaucoma-Like Models. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21196998. [PMID: 32977518 PMCID: PMC7583988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21196998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is identified by an irreversible retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss and optic nerve damage. Over the past few years, the immune system gained importance in its genesis. In a glaucoma-like animal model with intraocular S100B injection, RGC death occurs at 14 days. In an experimental autoimmune glaucoma model with systemic S100B immunization, a loss of RGCs is accompanied by a decreased synaptic signal at 28 days. Here, we aimed to study synaptic alterations in these two models. In one group, rats received a systemic S100B immunization (n = 7/group), while in the other group, S100B was injected intraocularly (n = 6–7/group). Both groups were compared to appropriate controls and investigated after 14 days. While inhibitory post-synapses remained unchanged in both models, excitatory post-synapses degenerated in animals with intraocular S100B injection (p = 0.03). Excitatory pre-synapses tendentially increased in animals with systemic S100B immunization (p = 0.08) and significantly decreased in intraocular ones (p = 0.04). Significantly more N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors (both p ≤ 0.04) as well as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors (both p < 0.03) were observed in S100B animals in both models. We assume that an upregulation of these receptors causes the interacting synapse types to degenerate. Heightened levels of excitatory pre-synapses could be explained by remodeling followed by degeneration.
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Wang H, Xu X, Xu X, Gao J, Zhang T. Enriched Environment and Social Isolation Affect Cognition Ability via Altering Excitatory and Inhibitory Synaptic Density in Mice Hippocampus. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:2417-2432. [PMID: 32748366 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03102-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to examine whether the underlying mechanism of the alteration of cognitive ability and synaptic plasticity induced by the housing environment is associated with the balance of excitatory/inhibitory synaptic density. Enriched environment (EE) and social isolation (SI) are two different housing environment, and one is to give multiple sensory environments, the other is to give monotonous and lonely environment. Male 4-week-old C57 mice were divided into three groups: CON, EE and SI. They were housed in the different cage until 3 months of age. Morris water maze and novel object recognition were performed. Long term potentiation (LTP), depotentiation (DEP) and local field potentials were recorded in the hippocampal perforant pathway and dentate gyrus (DG) region. The data showed that EE enhanced the ability of spatial learning, reversal learning and memory as well as LTP/DEP in the hippocampal DG region. Meanwhile, SI reduced those abilities and the level of LTP/DEP. Moreover, there were higher couplings of both phase-amplitude and phase-phase in the EE group, and lower couplings of them in the SI group compared to that in the CON group. Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis showed that EE significantly enhanced the level of PSD-95, NR2B and DCX; however, SI reduced them but increased GABAARα1 and decreased DCX levels. The data suggests that the cognitive functions, synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis and neuronal oscillatory patterns were significantly impacted by housing environment via possibly changing the balance of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaxia Xu
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Gao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China.
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Semilunar Granule Cells Are the Primary Source of the Perisomatic Excitatory Innervation onto Parvalbumin-Expressing Interneurons in the Dentate Gyrus. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0323-19.2020. [PMID: 32571963 PMCID: PMC7340841 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0323-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the origin and relevance of the perisomatic excitatory inputs on the parvalbumin interneurons of the granule cell layer in mouse. Confocal analysis of the glutamatergic innervation showed that it represents ∼50% of the perisomatic synapses that parvalbumin cells receive. This excitatory input may originate from granule cell collaterals, the mossy cells, or even supramammillary nucleus. First, we assessed the input from the mossy cells on parvalbumin interneurons. Axon terminals of mossy cells were visualized by their calretinin content. Using multicolor confocal microscopy, we observed that less than 10% of perisomatic excitatory innervation of parvalbumin cells could originate from mossy cells. Correlative light and electron microscopy revealed that innervation from mossy cells, although present, was indeed infrequent, except for those parvalbumin cells whose somata were located in the inner molecular layer. Second, we investigated the potential input from supramammillary nucleus on parvalbumin cell somata using anterograde tracing or immunocytochemistry against vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) and found only occasional contacts. Third, we intracellularly filled dentate granule cells in acute slice preparations using whole-cell recording and examined whether their axon collaterals target parvalbumin interneurons. We found that typical granule cells do not innervate the perisomatic region of these GABAergic cells. In sharp contrast, semilunar granule cells (SGCs), a scarce granule cell subtype often contacted the parvalbumin cell soma and proximal dendrites. Our data, therefore, show that perisomatic excitatory drive of parvalbumin interneurons in the granular layer of the dentate gyrus is abundant and originates primarily from SGCs.
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Kandasamy M, Anusuyadevi M, Aigner KM, Unger MS, Kniewallner KM, de Sousa DMB, Altendorfer B, Mrowetz H, Bogdahn U, Aigner L. TGF-β Signaling: A Therapeutic Target to Reinstate Regenerative Plasticity in Vascular Dementia? Aging Dis 2020; 11:828-850. [PMID: 32765949 PMCID: PMC7390515 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second leading form of memory loss after Alzheimer's disease (AD). Currently, there is no cure available. The etiology, pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of VaD are extremely heterogeneous, but the impaired cerebral blood flow (CBF) represents a common denominator of VaD. The latter might be the result of atherosclerosis, amyloid angiopathy, microbleeding and micro-strokes, together causing blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and vessel leakage, collectively originating from the consequence of hypertension, one of the main risk factors for VaD. At the histopathological level, VaD displays abnormal vascular remodeling, endothelial cell death, string vessel formation, pericyte responses, fibrosis, astrogliosis, sclerosis, microglia activation, neuroinflammation, demyelination, white matter lesions, deprivation of synapses and neuronal loss. The transforming growth factor (TGF) β has been identified as one of the key molecular factors involved in the aforementioned various pathological aspects. Thus, targeting TGF-β signaling in the brain might be a promising therapeutic strategy to mitigate vascular pathology and improve cognitive functions in patients with VaD. This review revisits the recent understanding of the role of TGF-β in VaD and associated pathological hallmarks. It further explores the potential to modulate certain aspects of VaD pathology by targeting TGF-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Kandasamy
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.
- Faculty Recharge Programme, University Grants Commission (UGC-FRP), New Delhi, India.
| | - Muthuswamy Anusuyadevi
- Molecular Gerontology Group, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidhasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Kiera M Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University.
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center, Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Michael S Unger
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University.
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center, Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Kathrin M Kniewallner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University.
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center, Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Diana M Bessa de Sousa
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University.
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center, Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Barbara Altendorfer
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University.
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center, Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Heike Mrowetz
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University.
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center, Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Ulrich Bogdahn
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University.
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center, Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
- Velvio GmbH, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University.
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center, Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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Modulation of the MAPKs pathways affects Aβ-induced cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease via activation of α7nAChR. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2020; 168:107154. [PMID: 31904546 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.107154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by being deficient at learning and memory. Aβ1-42 oligomers have been shown to impair rodent cognitive function. We previously demonstrated that activation of α7nAChR, inhibition of p38 or JNK could alleviate Aβ-induced memory deficits in Y maze test. In this study, we investigated whether the effects of α7nAChR and MAPKs on Y maze test is reproducible with a hippocampus-dependent spatial memory test such as Morris water maze. We also assessed the possible co-existence of hippocampus-independent recognition memory dysfunction using a novel object recognition test and an alternative and stress free hippocampus-dependent recognition memory test such as the novel place recognition. Besides, previous research from our lab has shown that MAPKs pathways regulate Aβ internalization through mediating α7nAChR. In our study, whether MAPKs pathways exert their functions in cognition by modulating α7nAChR through regulating glutamate receptors and synaptic protein, remain little known. Our results showed that activation of α7nAChR restored spatial memory, novel place recognition memory, and short-term and long-term memory in novel object recognition. Inhibition of p38 restored spatial memory and short-term and long-term memory in novel object recognition. Inhibition of ERK restored short-term memory in novel object recognition and novel place recognition memory. Inhibition of JNK restored spatial memory, short-term memory in novel object recognition and novel place recognition memory. Beside this, the activation of α7nAChR, inhibition of p38 or JNK restored Aβ-induced levels of NMDAR1, NMDAR2A, NMDAR2B, GluR1, GluR2 and PSD95 in Aβ-injected mice without influencing synapsin 1. In addition, these treatments also recovered the expression of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Finally, we found that the inhibition of p38 or JNK resulted in the upregulation of α7nAChR mRNA levels in the hippocampus. Our results indicated that inhibition of p38 or JNK MAPKs could alleviate Aβ-induced spatial memory deficits through regulating activation of α7nAChR via recovering memory-related proteins. Moreover, p38, ERK and JNK MAPKs exert different functions in spatial and recognition memory.
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Iacobucci GJ, Popescu GK. Spatial Coupling Tunes NMDA Receptor Responses via Ca 2+ Diffusion. J Neurosci 2019; 39:8831-8844. [PMID: 31519826 PMCID: PMC6832682 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0901-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the CNS, NMDA receptors generate large and highly regulated Ca2+ signals, which are critical for synaptic development and plasticity. They are highly clustered at postsynaptic sites and along dendritic arbors, but whether this spatial arrangement affects their output is unknown. Synaptic NMDA receptor currents are subject to Ca2+-dependent inactivation (CDI), a type of activity-dependent inhibition that requires intracellular Ca2+ and calmodulin (CaM). We asked whether Ca2+ influx through a single NMDA receptor influences the activity of nearby NMDA receptors, as a possible coupling mechanism. Using cell-attached unitary current recordings from GluN1-2a/GluN2A receptors expressed in human HEK293 cells and from NMDA receptors native to hippocampal neurons from male and female rats, we recorded unitary currents from multichannel patches and used a coupled Markov model to determine the extent of signal coupling (κ). In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, we observed no cooperativity (κ < 0.1), whereas in 1.8 mm external Ca2+, both recombinant and native channels showed substantial negative cooperativity (κ = 0.27). Intracellular Ca2+ chelation or overexpression of a Ca2+-insensitive CaM mutant, reduced coupling, which is consistent with CDI representing the coupling mechanism. In contrast, cooperativity increased substantially (κ = 0.68) when overexpressing the postsynaptic scaffolding protein PSD-95, which increased receptor clustering. Together, these new results demonstrate that NMDA receptor currents are negatively coupled through CDI, and the degree of coupling can be tuned by the distance between receptors. Therefore, channel clustering can influence the activity-dependent reduction in NMDA receptor currents.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT At central synapses, NMDA receptors are a major class of excitatory glutamate-gated channels and a source of activity-dependent Ca2+ influx. In turn, fluxed Ca2+ ions bind to calmodulin-primed receptors and reduce further entry, through an autoinhibitory mechanism known as Ca2+ -dependent inactivation (CDI). Here, we show that the diffusion of fluxed Ca2+ between active channels situated within submicroscopic distances amplified receptor inactivation. Thus, calmodulin-mediated gating modulation, an evolutionarily conserved regulatory mechanism, endows synapses with sensitivity to both the temporal sequence and spatial distribution of Ca2+ signals. Perturbations in this mechanism, which coordinates the activity of NMDA receptors within a cluster, may cause signaling alterations that contribute to neuropsychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary J Iacobucci
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14206
| | - Gabriela K Popescu
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14206
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Inverted U-shaped response of a standardized extract of Centella asiatica (ECa 233) on memory enhancement. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8404. [PMID: 31182820 PMCID: PMC6557898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44867-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The herb Centella asiatica has long been considered a memory tonic. A recent review found no strong evidence for improvement of cognitive function, suggesting negative results were due to limitations in dose, standardization and product variation. We used a standardized extract of C. asiatica (ECa 233) to study behavioral, cellular and molecular effects on learning and memory enhancement. ECa 233 (10, 30, and 100 mg/kg) was given orally to normal rats twice a day for 30 days. We used the Morris water maze to test spatial learning and performed acute brain slice recording to measure changes of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, a core brain region for memory formation. Plasticity-related protein expressions (NR2A, NR2B, PSD-95, BDNF and TrkB) in hippocampus was also measured. Rats receiving 10 and 30 mg/kg doses showed significantly enhanced memory retention, and hippocampal long-term potentiation; however, only the 30 mg/kg dose showed increased plasticity-related proteins. There was an inverted U-shaped response of ECa 233 on memory enhancement; 30 mg/kg maximally enhanced memory retention with an increase of synaptic plasticity and plasticity-related proteins in hippocampus. Our data clearly support the beneficial effect on memory retention of a standardized extract of Centella asiatica within a specific therapeutic range.
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Murueta-Goyena A, Morera-Herreras T, Miguelez C, Gutiérrez-Ceballos A, Ugedo L, Lafuente JV, Bengoetxea H. Effects of adult enriched environment on cognition, hippocampal-prefrontal plasticity and NMDAR subunit expression in MK-801-induced schizophrenia model. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 29:590-600. [PMID: 30926324 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by psychosis, negative symptoms and cognitive impairment. Cognitive deficits are enduring and represent the most disabling symptom but are currently poorly treated. N-methyl D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction hypothesis has been notably successful in explaining the pathophysiological findings and symptomatology of schizophrenia. Thereby, NMDAR blockade in rodents represents a useful tool to identify new therapeutic approaches. In this regard, enriched environment (EE) could play an essential role. Using a multilevel approach of behavior, electrophysiology and protein analysis, we showed that a short-term exposure to EE in adulthood ameliorated spatial learning and object-place associative memory impairment observed in postnatally MK-801-treated Long Evans rats. Moreover, EE in adult life restored long-term potentiation (LTP) in hippocampal-medial prefrontal pathway abolished by MK-801 treatment. EE in adulthood also induced a set of modifications in the expression of proteins related to glutamatergic neurotransmission. Taken together, these findings shed new light on the neurobiological effects of EE to reverse the actions of MK-801 and offer a preclinical testing of a therapeutic strategy that may be remarkably effective for managing cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Murueta-Goyena
- Deparment of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Neurodegenerative Diseases group, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.
| | - Teresa Morera-Herreras
- Deparment of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Neurodegenerative Diseases group, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Cristina Miguelez
- Deparment of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Neurodegenerative Diseases group, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | | | - Luisa Ugedo
- Deparment of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Neurodegenerative Diseases group, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- Deparment of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Nanoneurosurgery Group, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain; Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Harkaitz Bengoetxea
- Deparment of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain
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Patriarchi T, Buonarati OR, Hell JW. Postsynaptic localization and regulation of AMPA receptors and Cav1.2 by β2 adrenergic receptor/PKA and Ca 2+/CaMKII signaling. EMBO J 2018; 37:e99771. [PMID: 30249603 PMCID: PMC6187224 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201899771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The synapse transmits, processes, and stores data within its tiny space. Effective and specific signaling requires precise alignment of the relevant components. This review examines current insights into mechanisms of AMPAR and NMDAR localization by PSD-95 and their spatial distribution at postsynaptic sites to illuminate the structural and functional framework of postsynaptic signaling. It subsequently delineates how β2 adrenergic receptor (β2 AR) signaling via adenylyl cyclase and the cAMP-dependent protein kinase PKA is organized within nanodomains. Here, we discuss targeting of β2 AR, adenylyl cyclase, and PKA to defined signaling complexes at postsynaptic sites, i.e., AMPARs and the L-type Ca2+ channel Cav1.2, and other subcellular surface localizations, the role of A kinase anchor proteins, the physiological relevance of the spatial restriction of corresponding signaling, and their interplay with signal transduction by the Ca2+- and calmodulin-dependent kinase CaMKII How localized and specific signaling by cAMP occurs is a central cellular question. The dendritic spine constitutes an ideal paradigm for elucidating the dimensions of spatially restricted signaling because of their small size and defined protein composition.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcium Channels, L-Type/genetics
- Calcium Channels, L-Type/metabolism
- Calcium Signaling/physiology
- Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2/genetics
- Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2/metabolism
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/genetics
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Humans
- Receptors, AMPA/genetics
- Receptors, AMPA/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/genetics
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism
- Synapses/genetics
- Synapses/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Patriarchi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Johannes W Hell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Zhang L, Song J, Bai T, Wang R, Hou X. Sustained pain hypersensitivity in the stressed colon: Role of mast cell-derived nerve growth factor-mediated enteric synaptic plasticity. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30:e13430. [PMID: 30069980 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sustained pain hypersensitivity is the hallmark of stressed colon which could be partially explained by central sensitization with synaptic plasticity, the key mechanism of memory. We previously identified that synaptic plasticity of enteric nerve system (ENS) contributed to peripheral pain maintaining in the gut. However, the mechanisms of enteric "memory" formation remain elusive. METHODS In this study, rats were exposed to water avoidance stress (WAS) or sham stress (SS), with cromolyn sodium or physiological saline injected intraperitoneally 30 minutes before stress every day. The abdominal withdrawal reflex scores, mesenteric afferent nerve activity, enteric neural c-fos expression, and enteric synaptic plasticity were assessed, and mast cell infiltration and degranulation. Furthermore, colonic mucosal mediators-induced enteric synaptic plasticity and the role of mast cell-derived nerve growth factor (NGF), tryptase, and histamine were investigated via ex vivo longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus (LMMP) organotypic culture. KEY RESULTS It is shown that mast cell stabilizing inhibited WAS-induced visceral hypersensitivity through enhancing visceral pain threshold, decreasing spontaneous and distention-induced mesenteric afferent firing, and downregulating enteric neural activation (c-fos). Importantly, WAS led to evident enteric synaptic plasticity, but decreased by cromolyn. Water avoidance stress-derived mucosal supernatants markedly enhanced the c-fos expression and enteric synaptic plasticity in LMMP tissues, which could be eliminated by mast cell inhibition or NGF neutralization, but not tryptase or histamine blocking. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES In conclusion, mast cells/NGF pathway may be the key regulator of synaptic plasticity of ENS and participate in the formation of chronic stress-induced sustained visceral hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - J Song
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - T Bai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - R Wang
- Department of Gerontology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - X Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Yang L, Bai HH, Zhang ZY, Liu JP, Suo ZW, Yang X, Hu XD. Disruption of SHP1/NMDA receptor signaling in spinal cord dorsal horn alleviated inflammatory pain. Neuropharmacology 2018; 137:104-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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36
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Calpain inhibition reduces NMDA receptor rundown in rat substantia nigra dopamine neurons. Neuropharmacology 2018; 137:221-229. [PMID: 29772491 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Repeated activation of N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) causes a Ca2+-dependent reduction in NMDAR-mediated current in dopamine (DA) neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) in one week old rats; however, a Ca2+-dependent regulatory protein has not been identified. The role of the Ca2+-dependent cysteine protease, calpain, in mediating NMDAR current rundown was investigated. In brain slices from rats aged postnatal day 7-9 ('P7'), bath application of either of the membrane permeable calpain inhibitors, N-Acetyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-norleucinal (ALLN, 20 μM) or MDL-28170 (30 μM) significantly reduced whole-cell NMDAR current rundown. To investigate the role of the calpain-2 isoform, the membrane permeable calpain-2 inhibitor, Z-Leu-Abu-CONH-CH2-C6H3 (3, 5-(OMe)2 (C2I, 200 nM), was applied; C2I application significantly reduced whole cell NMDAR current rundown. Interestingly, ALLN but not C2I significantly reduced rundown of NMDA-EPSCs. These results suggest the calpain-2 isoform mediates Ca2+-dependent regulation of extrasynaptic NMDAR current in the first postnatal week, while calpain-1 might mediate rundown of synaptic NMDAR currents. One week later in postnatal development, at P12-P16 ('P14'), there was significantly less rundown in SNc-DA neurons, and no significant effect on rundown of either Ca2+ chelation or treatment with the calpain inhibitor, ALLN, suggesting that the rundown observed in SNc-DA neurons from two week-old rats might be Ca2+-independent. In conclusion, Ca2+-dependent rundown of extrasynaptic NMDAR currents in SNc DA neurons involves calpain-2 activation, but Ca2+- and calpain-2-dependent NMDAR current rundown is developmentally regulated.
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37
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Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Synaptic Dysfunction in the Amygdala of Rats Susceptible to Chronic Mild Stress. Neuroscience 2018; 376:24-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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38
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Lagache T, Grassart A, Dallongeville S, Faklaris O, Sauvonnet N, Dufour A, Danglot L, Olivo-Marin JC. Mapping molecular assemblies with fluorescence microscopy and object-based spatial statistics. Nat Commun 2018; 9:698. [PMID: 29449608 PMCID: PMC5814551 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating protein functions and molecular organisation requires to localise precisely single or aggregated molecules and analyse their spatial distributions. We develop a statistical method SODA (Statistical Object Distance Analysis) that uses either micro- or nanoscopy to significantly improve on standard co-localisation techniques. Our method considers cellular geometry and densities of molecules to provide statistical maps of isolated and associated (coupled) molecules. We use SODA with three-colour structured-illumination microscopy (SIM) images of hippocampal neurons, and statistically characterise spatial organisation of thousands of synapses. We show that presynaptic synapsin is arranged in asymmetric triangle with the 2 postsynaptic markers homer and PSD95, indicating a deeper localisation of homer. We then determine stoichiometry and distance between localisations of two synaptic vesicle proteins with 3D-STORM. These findings give insights into the protein organisation at the synapse, and prove the efficiency of SODA to quantitatively assess the geometry of molecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Lagache
- Institut Pasteur, BioImage Analysis Unit. CNRS UMR 3691. 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandre Grassart
- Institut Pasteur, Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis Unit. INSERM U1202. 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Stéphane Dallongeville
- Institut Pasteur, BioImage Analysis Unit. CNRS UMR 3691. 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Orestis Faklaris
- CNRS UMR7592, Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris Diderot, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Sauvonnet
- Institut Pasteur, Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis Unit. INSERM U1202. 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Alexandre Dufour
- Institut Pasteur, BioImage Analysis Unit. CNRS UMR 3691. 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Lydia Danglot
- Inserm U894 Center for Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Team Membrane traffic in healthy and diseased brain, 102-108 rue de la Santé, 75014, Paris, France.
| | - Jean-Christophe Olivo-Marin
- Institut Pasteur, BioImage Analysis Unit. CNRS UMR 3691. 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France.
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39
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Han M, Ban JJ, Bae JS, Shin CY, Lee DH, Chung JH. UV irradiation to mouse skin decreases hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic protein expression via HPA axis activation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15574. [PMID: 29138442 PMCID: PMC5686175 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15773-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin senses external environment, including ultraviolet light (UV). Hippocampus is a brain region that is responsible for memory and emotion. However, changes in hippocampus by UV irradiation to the skin have not been studied. In this study, after 2 weeks of UV irradiation to the mouse skin, we examined molecular changes related to cognitive functions in the hippocampus and activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. UV exposure to the skin decreased doublecortin-positive immature neurons and synaptic proteins, including N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2 A and postsynaptic density protein-95, in the hippocampus. Moreover, we observed that UV irradiation to the skin down-regulated brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression and ERK signaling in the hippocampus, which are known to modulate neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. The cutaneous and central HPA axes were activated by UV, which resulted in significant increases in serum levels of corticosterone. Subsequently, UV irradiation to the skin activated the glucocorticoid-signaling pathway in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Interestingly, after 6 weeks of UV irradiation, mice showed depression-like behavior in the tail suspension test. Taken together, our data suggest that repeated UV exposure through the skin may negatively affect hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity along with HPA axis activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Han
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jun Ban
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Soo Bae
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Yup Shin
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Chung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. .,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea. .,Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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40
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Collina S, Rui M, Stotani S, Bignardi E, Rossi D, Curti D, Giordanetto F, Malacrida A, Scuteri A, Cavaletti G. Are sigma receptor modulators a weapon against multiple sclerosis disease? Future Med Chem 2017; 9:2029-2051. [PMID: 29076758 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS) are still missing. This neurological disease affects more than 2.5 million people worldwide. To date, biological immunomodulatory drugs are effective and safe during short-term treatment, but they are suitable only for parenteral administration and they are expensive. Accordingly, academic and industrial environments are still focusing their efforts toward the development of new MS drugs. Considering that neurodegeneration is a contributory factor in the onset of MS, herein we will focus on the crucial role played by sigma 1 receptors (S1Rs) in MS. A pilot study was performed, evaluating the effect of the S1R agonist (R)-RC33 on rat dorsal root ganglia experimental model. The encouraging results support the potential of S1R agonists for MS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Collina
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Technology Section, Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Marta Rui
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Technology Section, Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Silvia Stotani
- Medicinal Chemistry, Taros Chemicals GmbH & Co. KG, Emil-Figge-Str. 76a, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Emanuele Bignardi
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Technology Section, Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Daniela Rossi
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Technology Section, Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Daniela Curti
- Department of Biology & Biotechnology 'L. Spallanzani', Laboratory of Cellular & Molecular Neuropharmacology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | | | - Alessio Malacrida
- Experimental Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine & Surgery & Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milan Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Arianna Scuteri
- Experimental Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine & Surgery & Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milan Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Guido Cavaletti
- Experimental Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine & Surgery & Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milan Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, Monza 20900, Italy
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41
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The non-coding RNA BC1 regulates experience-dependent structural plasticity and learning. Nat Commun 2017; 8:293. [PMID: 28819097 PMCID: PMC5561022 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain cytoplasmic (BC1) RNA is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) involved in neuronal translational control. Absence of BC1 is associated with altered glutamatergic transmission and maladaptive behavior. Here, we show that pyramidal neurons in the barrel cortex of BC1 knock out (KO) mice display larger excitatory postsynaptic currents and increased spontaneous activity in vivo. Furthermore, BC1 KO mice have enlarged spine heads and postsynaptic densities and increased synaptic levels of glutamate receptors and PSD-95. Of note, BC1 KO mice show aberrant structural plasticity in response to whisker deprivation, impaired texture novel object recognition and altered social behavior. Thus, our study highlights a role for BC1 RNA in experience-dependent plasticity and learning in the mammalian adult neocortex, and provides insight into the function of brain ncRNAs regulating synaptic transmission, plasticity and behavior, with potential relevance in the context of intellectual disabilities and psychiatric disorders. Brain cytoplasmic (BC1) RNA is a non-coding RNA that has been implicated in translational regulation, seizure, and anxiety. Here, the authors show that in the cortex, BC1 RNA is required for sensory deprivation-induced structural plasticity of dendritic spines, as well as for correct sensory learning and social behaviors.
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42
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Scanlon DP, Bah A, Krzeminski M, Zhang W, Leduc-Pessah HL, Dong YN, Forman-Kay JD, Salter MW. An evolutionary switch in ND2 enables Src kinase regulation of NMDA receptors. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15220. [PMID: 28508887 PMCID: PMC5440837 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src is a key signalling hub for upregulating the function of N-methyl D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs). Src is anchored within the NMDAR complex via NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2), a mitochondrially encoded adaptor protein. The interacting regions between Src and ND2 have been broadly identified, but the interaction between ND2 and the NMDAR has remained elusive. Here we generate a homology model of ND2 and dock it onto the NMDAR via the transmembrane domain of GluN1. This interaction is enabled by the evolutionary loss of three helices in bilaterian ND2 proteins compared to their ancestral homologues. We experimentally validate our model and demonstrate that blocking this interaction with an ND2 fragment identified in our experimental studies prevents Src-mediated upregulation of NMDAR currents in neurons. Our findings establish the mode of interaction between an NMDAR accessory protein with one of the core subunits of the receptor. N-methyl D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activity is modulated by Src tyrosine kinase via the mitochondrial protein NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2). Here the authors show that ND2 interacts with the transmembrane region of NMDAR GluN1 subunit, a process that is crucial for Src regulation of NMDAR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Scanlon
- Program in Neurosciences &Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 0A4.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Alaji Bah
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 0A4.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Mickaël Krzeminski
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 0A4.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Program in Neurosciences &Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 0A4.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Heather L Leduc-Pessah
- Program in Neurosciences &Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 0A4.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Yi Na Dong
- Program in Neurosciences &Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 0A4.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Julie D Forman-Kay
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 0A4.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Michael W Salter
- Program in Neurosciences &Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 0A4.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
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Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a leading cause of disability and death worldwide. To date, intravenous tissue plasminogen activator and mechanical thrombectomy have been standards of care for AIS. There have been many advances in diagnostic imaging and endovascular devices for AIS; however, most neuroprotective therapies seem to remain largely in the preclinical phase. While many neuroprotective therapies have been identified in experimental models, none are currently used routinely to treat stroke patients. This review seeks to summarize clinical studies pertaining to neuroprotection, as well as the different preclinical neuroprotective therapies, their presumed mechanisms of action, and their future applications in stroke patients.
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44
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Mijakowska Z, Łukasiewicz K, Ziółkowska M, Lipiński M, Trąbczyńska A, Matuszek Ż, Łęski S, Radwanska K. Autophosphorylation of alpha isoform of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II regulates alcohol addiction-related behaviors. Addict Biol 2017; 22:331-341. [PMID: 26572936 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of addiction is associated with a dysregulation of glutamatergic transmission in the brain reward circuit. α isoform of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (αCaMKII) is one of the key proteins that regulates structural and functional plasticity of glutamatergic synapses. αCaMKII activity can be controlled by the autophosphorylation of threonine 286. The role of this autophosphorylation in the regulation of addiction-related behaviors has been proposed but is still poorly understood. Here, using αCaMKII autophosphorylation-deficient mutant mice (T286A), we show that, in comparison with wild-type animals, they are less resistant to high doses of alcohol and do not show psychostimulant response neither to alcohol injections nor during voluntary alcohol drinking. T286A mutants are also less prone to develop alcohol addiction-related behaviors including an increased motivation for alcohol, persistent alcohol seeking during withdrawal and alcohol consumption on relapse. Finally, we demonstrate that αCaMKII autophosphorylation regulates also alcohol-induced remodeling of glutamatergic synapses in the hippocampus and amygdala. In conclusion, our data suggest that αCaMKII autophosphorylation-dependent remodeling of glutamatergic synapses is a plausible mechanism for the regulation of the alcohol addiction-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Szymon Łęski
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology; Poland
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45
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Qin L, Liu W, Ma K, Wei J, Zhong P, Cho K, Yan Z. The ADHD-linked human dopamine D4 receptor variant D4.7 induces over-suppression of NMDA receptor function in prefrontal cortex. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 95:194-203. [PMID: 27475724 PMCID: PMC5391260 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The human dopamine D4 receptor (hD4R) variants with long tandem repeats in the third intracellular loop have been strongly associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and risk taking behaviors. To understand the potential molecular mechanism underlying the connection, we have investigated the synaptic function of human D4R polymorphism by virally expressing the ADHD-linked 7-repeat allele, hD4.7, or its normal counterpart, hD4.4, in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of D4R knockout mice. We found that hD4R bound to the SH3 domain of PSD-95 in a state-dependent manner. Activation of hD4.7 caused more reduction of NR1/PSD-95 binding and NR1 surface expression than hD4.4 in PFC slices. Moreover, the NMDAR-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (NMDAR-EPSC) in PFC pyramidal neurons were suppressed to a larger extent by hD4.7 than hD4.4 activation. Direct stimulation of NMDARs with the partial agonist d-cycloserine prevented the NMDAR hypofunction induced by hD4.7 activation. Moreover, hD4.7-expressing mice exhibited the increased exploratory and novelty seeking behaviors, mimicking the phenotypic hallmark of human ADHD. d-cycloserine administration ameliorated the ADHD-like behaviors in hD4.7-expressing mice. Our results suggest that over-suppression of NMDAR function may underlie the role of hD4.7 in ADHD, and enhancing NMDAR signaling may be a viable therapeutic strategy to ADHD humans carrying the D4.7 allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luye Qin
- Dept. of Physiology & Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Dept. of Physiology & Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA; School of Life Science, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China
| | - Kaijie Ma
- Dept. of Physiology & Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Jing Wei
- Dept. of Physiology & Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Ping Zhong
- Dept. of Physiology & Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Kei Cho
- The MRC Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, University of Bristol Whitson, Bristol, UK
| | - Zhen Yan
- Dept. of Physiology & Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
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Hooper PL, Durham HD, Török Z, Hooper PL, Crul T, Vígh L. The central role of heat shock factor 1 in synaptic fidelity and memory consolidation. Cell Stress Chaperones 2016; 21:745-53. [PMID: 27283588 PMCID: PMC5003801 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0709-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Networks of neuronal synapses are the fundamental basis for making and retaining memory. Reduced synapse number and quality correlates with loss of memory in dementia. Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), the major transcription factor regulating expression of heat shock genes, plays a central role in proteostasis, in establishing and sustaining synaptic fidelity and function, and in memory consolidation. Support for this thesis is based on these observations: (1) heat shock induces improvements in synapse integrity and memory consolidation; (2) synaptic depolarization activates HSF1; (3) activation of HSF1 alone (independent of the canonical heat shock response) augments formation of essential synaptic elements-neuroligands, vesicle transport, synaptic scaffolding proteins, lipid rafts, synaptic spines, and axodendritic synapses; (4) HSF1 coalesces and activates memory receptors in the post-synaptic dendritic spine; (5) huntingtin or α-synuclein accumulation lowers HSF1 while HSF1 lowers huntingtin and α-synuclein aggregation-a potential vicious cycle; and (6) HSF1 agonists (including physical activity) can improve cognitive function in dementia models. Thus, via direct gene expression of synaptic elements, production of HSPs that assure high protein fidelity, and activation of other neuroprotective signaling pathways, HSF1 agonists could provide breakthrough therapy for dementia-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip L Hooper
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Heather D Durham
- Department of Neurology/Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Zsolt Török
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Paul L Hooper
- Department of Anthropology, Emory University, 1557 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tim Crul
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Vígh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
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Sex-specific effects of prenatal chronic mild stress on adult spatial learning capacity and regional glutamate receptor expression profiles. Exp Neurol 2016; 281:66-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Sun Y, Zhan L, Cheng X, Zhang L, Hu J, Gao Z. The Regulation of GluN2A by Endogenous and Exogenous Regulators in the Central Nervous System. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:389-403. [PMID: 27255970 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0388-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The NMDA receptor is the most widely studied ionotropic glutamate receptor, and it is central to many physiological and pathophysiological processes in the central nervous system. GluN2A is one of the two main types of GluN2 NMDA receptor subunits in the forebrain. The proper activity of GluN2A is important to brain function, as the abnormal regulation of GluN2A may induce some neuropsychiatric disorders. This review will examine the regulation of GluN2A by endogenous and exogenous regulators in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua East Road 70, Shijiazhuang, 050018, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Research Center of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, People's Republic of China
| | - Liying Zhan
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua East Road 70, Shijiazhuang, 050018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaokun Cheng
- North China Pharmaceutical Group New Drug Research and Development Co., Ltd, Shijiazhuang, 050015, People's Republic of China
| | - Linan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Hu
- School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Zibin Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua East Road 70, Shijiazhuang, 050018, People's Republic of China. .,Hebei Research Center of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, Shijiazhuang, 050018, People's Republic of China.
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Chen D, Zhao T, Ni K, Dai P, Yang L, Xu Y, Li F. Metabolic investigation on ZL006 for the discovery of a potent prodrug for the treatment of cerebral ischemia. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2152-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Sinclair D, Cesare J, McMullen M, Carlson GC, Hahn CG, Borgmann-Winter KE. Effects of sex and DTNBP1 (dysbindin) null gene mutation on the developmental GluN2B-GluN2A switch in the mouse cortex and hippocampus. J Neurodev Disord 2016; 8:14. [PMID: 27134685 PMCID: PMC4852102 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-016-9148-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia differentially impact males and females and are highly heritable. The ways in which sex and genetic vulnerability influence the pathogenesis of these disorders are not clearly understood. The n-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor pathway has been implicated in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders and changes dramatically across postnatal development at the level of the GluN2B-GluN2A subunit "switch" (a shift from reliance on GluN2B-containing receptors to reliance on GluN2A-containing receptors). We investigated whether sex and genetic vulnerability (specifically, null mutation of DTNBP1 [dysbindin; a possible susceptibility gene for schizophrenia]) influence the developmental GluN2B-GluN2A switch. METHODS Subcellular fractionation to enrich for postsynaptic density (PSD), together with Western blotting and kinase assay, were used to investigate the GluN2B-GluN2A switch in the cortex and hippocampus of male and female DTNBP1 null mutant mice and their wild-type littermates. Main effects of sex and DTNBP1 genotype, and interactions with age, were assessed using factorial ANOVA. RESULTS Sex differences in the GluN2B-GluN2A switch emerged across development at the frontal cortical synapse, in parameters related to GluN2B. Males across genotypes displayed higher GluN2B:GluN2A and GluN2B:GluN1 ratios (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively), higher GluN2B phosphorylation at Y1472 (p < 0.01), and greater abundance of PLCγ (p < 0.01) and Fyn (p = 0.055) relative to females. In contrast, effects of DTNBP1 were evident exclusively in the hippocampus. The developmental trajectory of GluN2B was disrupted in DTNBP1 null mice (genotype × age interaction p < 0.05), which also displayed an increased synaptic GluN2A:GluN1 ratio (p < 0.05) and decreased PLCγ (p < 0.05) and Fyn (only in females; p < 0.0005) compared to wild-types. CONCLUSIONS Sex and DTNBP1 mutation influence the GluN2B-GluN2A switch at the synapse in a brain-region-specific fashion involving pY1472-GluN2B, Fyn, and PLCγ. This highlights the possible mechanisms through which risk factors may mediate their effects on vulnerability to disorders of NMDA receptor dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Sinclair
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatric Signaling Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA ; Present address: Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales Australia
| | - Joseph Cesare
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatric Signaling Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | | | | | - Chang-Gyu Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatric Signaling Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Karin E Borgmann-Winter
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatric Signaling Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA ; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
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