1
|
Zeng YF, Yang KX, Cui Y, Zhu XN, Li R, Zhang H, Wu DC, Stevens RC, Hu J, Zhou N. Conjunctive encoding of exploratory intentions and spatial information in the hippocampus. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3221. [PMID: 38622129 PMCID: PMC11018604 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47570-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus creates a cognitive map of the external environment by encoding spatial and self-motion-related information. However, it is unclear whether hippocampal neurons could also incorporate internal cognitive states reflecting an animal's exploratory intention, which is not driven by rewards or unexpected sensory stimuli. In this study, a subgroup of CA1 neurons was found to encode both spatial information and animals' investigatory intentions in male mice. These neurons became active before the initiation of exploration behaviors at specific locations and were nearly silent when the same fields were traversed without exploration. Interestingly, this neuronal activity could not be explained by object features, rewards, or mismatches in environmental cues. Inhibition of the lateral entorhinal cortex decreased the activity of these cells during exploration. Our findings demonstrate that hippocampal neurons may bridge external and internal signals, indicating a potential connection between spatial representation and intentional states in the construction of internal navigation systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Zeng
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Ke-Xin Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yilong Cui
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xiao-Na Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Rui Li
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Hanqing Zhang
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Dong Chuan Wu
- Neuroscience and Brain Disease Center, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung City, 404333, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, 404333, Taiwan
| | - Raymond C Stevens
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Ji Hu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guy L, Caceres GA, Jackson T, Gorman S, Wilson J, Hsieh Y, Petty D, Harrison S, Pick S. Routine outcomes and evaluation of an 8-week outpatient multidisciplinary rehabilitative therapy program for functional neurological disorder. J Neurol 2024; 271:1873-1884. [PMID: 38091087 PMCID: PMC10973040 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-12111-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We report routinely collected outcome data from an 8-week outpatient rehabilitative therapy program. The aims of the intervention were to (1) reduce symptom severity and (2) improve functional mobility in adults with functional neurological disorder (FND). METHODS The program delivered individual physiotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and self-management sessions, group physiotherapy, and psychoeducation. Outcome measures included the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS), 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT), Timed Up and Go (TUG), and Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Data were analyzed retrospectively in accordance with routine service evaluation. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests assessed changes in outcomes between weeks 1 and 8 for all patients completing treatment (n = 45). For patients who attended the 3-month follow-up (n = 31), Friedman's ANOVA assessed overall change in outcomes over time. Post hoc Wilcoxon signed-rank tests compared pairs of time-points (Weeks 1, 8, and 3-month follow-up). RESULTS Analyses of patients completing the program revealed significant improvements in scores between week 1 and week 8. Excluding the BBS, there were statistically significant improvements in all outcomes between weeks 1 and 8 and between weeks 1 and 3-month follow-up. DISCUSSION This outpatient therapy program provided effective treatment for FND. Patients reported reduced anxiety, depression, and functional impairment, as well as improved performance on most physiotherapy measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisette Guy
- FiND Programme, Bethlem Royal Hospital, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Gabriella A Caceres
- FiND Programme, Bethlem Royal Hospital, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Temeika Jackson
- FiND Programme, Bethlem Royal Hospital, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sean Gorman
- FiND Programme, Bethlem Royal Hospital, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jennifer Wilson
- FiND Programme, Bethlem Royal Hospital, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Yvonne Hsieh
- FiND Programme, Bethlem Royal Hospital, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Demelza Petty
- FiND Programme, Bethlem Royal Hospital, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Simon Harrison
- FiND Programme, Bethlem Royal Hospital, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Susannah Pick
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AB, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang K, Fang Y, Guo Q, Shen L, Chen Q. Superior Attentional Efficiency of Auditory Cue via the Ventral Auditory-thalamic Pathway. J Cogn Neurosci 2024; 36:303-326. [PMID: 38010315 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Auditory commands are often executed more efficiently than visual commands. However, empirical evidence on the underlying behavioral and neural mechanisms remains scarce. In two experiments, we manipulated the delivery modality of informative cues and the prediction violation effect and found consistently enhanced RT benefits for the matched auditory cues compared with the matched visual cues. At the neural level, when the bottom-up perceptual input matched the prior prediction induced by the auditory cue, the auditory-thalamic pathway was significantly activated. Moreover, the stronger the auditory-thalamic connectivity, the higher the behavioral benefits of the matched auditory cue. When the bottom-up input violated the prior prediction induced by the auditory cue, the ventral auditory pathway was specifically involved. Moreover, the stronger the ventral auditory-prefrontal connectivity, the larger the behavioral costs caused by the violation of the auditory cue. In addition, the dorsal frontoparietal network showed a supramodal function in reacting to the violation of informative cues irrespective of the delivery modality of the cue. Taken together, the results reveal novel behavioral and neural evidence that the superior efficiency of the auditory cue is twofold: The auditory-thalamic pathway is associated with improvements in task performance when the bottom-up input matches the auditory cue, whereas the ventral auditory-prefrontal pathway is involved when the auditory cue is violated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Fang
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Shen
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Chen
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bray NW, Pieruccini-Faria F, Witt ST, Bartha R, Doherty TJ, Nagamatsu LS, Almeida QJ, Liu-Ambrose T, Middleton LE, Bherer L, Montero-Odasso M. Combining exercise with cognitive training and vitamin D 3 to improve functional brain connectivity (FBC) in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Results from the SYNERGIC trial. GeroScience 2023:10.1007/s11357-023-00805-6. [PMID: 37162700 PMCID: PMC10170058 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00805-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in functional brain connectivity (FBC) may indicate how lifestyle modifications can prevent the progression to dementia; FBC identifies areas that are spatially separate but temporally synchronized in their activation and is altered in those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a prodromal state between healthy cognitive aging and dementia. Participants with MCI were randomly assigned to one of five study arms. Three times per week for 20-weeks, participants performed 30-min of (control) cognitive training, followed by 60-min of (control) physical exercise. Additionally, a vitamin D3 (10,000 IU/pill) or a placebo capsule was ingested three times per week for 20-weeks. Using the CONN toolbox, we measured FBC change (Post-Pre) across four statistical models that collapsed for and/or included some or all study arms. We conducted Pearson correlations between FBC change and changes in physical and cognitive functioning. Our sample included 120 participants (mean age: 73.89 ± 6.50). Compared to the pure control, physical exercise (model one; p-False Discovery Rate (FDR) < 0.01 & < 0.05) with cognitive training (model two; p-FDR = < 0.001), and all three interventions combined (model four; p-FDR = < 0.01) demonstrated an increase in FBC between regions of the Default-Mode Network (i.e., hippocampus and angular gyrus). After controlling for false discovery rate, there were no significant correlations between change in connectivity and change in cognitive or physical function. Physical exercise alone appears to be as efficacious as combined interventional strategies in altering FBC, but implications for behavioral outcomes remain unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nick W Bray
- Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, 550 Wellington Road, Room A3-116, London, ON, N6C-0A7, Canada.
| | - Frederico Pieruccini-Faria
- Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, 550 Wellington Road, Room A3-116, London, ON, N6C-0A7, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, N6A-5C1, Canada
| | - Suzanne T Witt
- BrainsCAN, Western University, London, ON, N6A-3K7, Canada
| | - Robert Bartha
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, N6A-5C1, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, N6A-5B7, Canada
| | - Timothy J Doherty
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, N6A-5C1, Canada
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, N6A-5C1, Canada
| | - Lindsay S Nagamatsu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, ON, N6G-2V4, Canada
| | - Quincy J Almeida
- Faculty of Science, Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, N2L-3C5, Canada
| | - Teresa Liu-Ambrose
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T-1Z3, Canada
- Centre for Aging SMART at Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Laura E Middleton
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L-3G1, Canada
| | - Louis Bherer
- Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T-1J4, Canada
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, QC, H1T-1C8, Canada
| | - Manuel Montero-Odasso
- Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, 550 Wellington Road, Room A3-116, London, ON, N6C-0A7, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, N6A-5C1, Canada.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, N6A-5C1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Capizzi M, Martín-Signes M, Coull JT, Chica AB, Charras P. A transcranial magnetic stimulation study on the role of the left intraparietal sulcus in temporal orienting of attention. Neuropsychologia 2023; 184:108561. [PMID: 37031951 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive behavior requires the ability to orient attention to the moment in time at which a relevant event is likely to occur. Temporal orienting of attention has been consistently associated with activation of the left intraparietal sulcus (IPS) in prior fMRI studies. However, a direct test of its causal involvement in temporal orienting is still lacking. The present study tackled this issue by transiently perturbing left IPS activity with either online (Experiment 1) or offline (Experiment 2) transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). In both experiments, participants performed a temporal orienting task, alternating between blocks in which a temporal cue predicted when a subsequent target would appear and blocks in which a neutral cue provided no information about target timing. In Experiment 1 we used an online TMS protocol, aiming to interfere specifically with cue-related temporal processes, whereas in Experiment 2 we employed an offline protocol whereby participants performed the temporal orienting task before and after receiving TMS. The right IPS and/or the vertex were stimulated as active control regions. While results replicated the canonical pattern of temporal orienting effects on reaction time, with faster responses for temporal than neutral trials, these effects were not modulated by TMS over the left IPS (as compared to the right IPS and/or vertex regions) regardless of the online or offline protocol used. Overall, these findings challenge the causal role of the left IPS in temporal orienting of attention inviting further research on its underlying neural substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariagrazia Capizzi
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Spain.
| | - Mar Martín-Signes
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Jennifer T Coull
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives UMR 7291, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Ana B Chica
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Pom Charras
- Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, EPSYLON EA 4556, F34000, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vossel S, Mengotti P, Fink GR. From local match/mismatch signals to updating of task-relevant beliefs: The temporo-parietal junction and its embedment in cortical networks: Comment on "Left and right temporal-parietal junctions (TPJs) as "match/mismatch" hedonic machines: A unifying account of TPJ function" by Doricchi et al. Phys Life Rev 2023; 44:184-186. [PMID: 36773389 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2023.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Vossel
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience & Medicine (INM-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Paola Mengotti
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience & Medicine (INM-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Gereon R Fink
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience & Medicine (INM-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mair RG, Francoeur MJ, Krell EM, Gibson BM. Where Actions Meet Outcomes: Medial Prefrontal Cortex, Central Thalamus, and the Basal Ganglia. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:928610. [PMID: 35864847 PMCID: PMC9294389 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.928610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) interacts with distributed networks that give rise to goal-directed behavior through afferent and efferent connections with multiple thalamic nuclei and recurrent basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits. Recent studies have revealed individual roles for different thalamic nuclei: mediodorsal (MD) regulation of signaling properties in mPFC neurons, intralaminar control of cortico-basal ganglia networks, ventral medial facilitation of integrative motor function, and hippocampal functions supported by ventral midline and anterior nuclei. Large scale mapping studies have identified functionally distinct cortico-basal ganglia-thalamocortical subnetworks that provide a structural basis for understanding information processing and functional heterogeneity within the basal ganglia. Behavioral analyses comparing functional deficits produced by lesions or inactivation of specific thalamic nuclei or subregions of mPFC or the basal ganglia have elucidated the interdependent roles of these areas in adaptive goal-directed behavior. Electrophysiological recordings of mPFC neurons in rats performing delayed non-matching-to position (DNMTP) and other complex decision making tasks have revealed populations of neurons with activity related to actions and outcomes that underlie these behaviors. These include responses related to motor preparation, instrumental actions, movement, anticipation and delivery of action outcomes, memory delay, and spatial context. Comparison of results for mPFC, MD, and ventral pallidum (VP) suggest critical roles for mPFC in prospective processes that precede actions, MD for reinforcing task-relevant responses in mPFC, and VP for providing feedback about action outcomes. Synthesis of electrophysiological and behavioral results indicates that different networks connecting mPFC with thalamus and the basal ganglia are organized to support distinct functions that allow organisms to act efficiently to obtain intended outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert G. Mair
- Department of Psychology, The University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - Miranda J. Francoeur
- Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Erin M. Krell
- Department of Psychology, The University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - Brett M. Gibson
- Department of Psychology, The University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
OUP accepted manuscript. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:4698-4714. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
9
|
Tzagarakis C, West S, Pellizzer G. Neural Encoding of the Reliability of Directional Information During the Preparation of Targeted Movements. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:679408. [PMID: 34504412 PMCID: PMC8421604 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.679408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual information about the location of an upcoming target can be used to prepare an appropriate motor response and reduce its reaction time. Here, we investigated the brain mechanisms associated with the reliability of directional information used for motor preparation. We recorded brain activity using magnetoencephalography (MEG) during a delayed reaching task in which a visual cue provided valid information about the location of the upcoming target with 50, 75, or 100% reliability. We found that reaction time increased as cue reliability decreased and that trials with invalid cues had longer reaction times than trials with valid cues. MEG channel analysis showed that during the late cue period the power of the beta-band from left mid-anterior channels, contralateral to the responding hand, correlated with the reliability of the cue. This effect was source localized over a large motor-related cortical and subcortical network. In addition, during invalid-cue trials there was a phasic increase of theta-band power following target onset from left posterior channels, localized to the left occipito-parietal cortex. Furthermore, the theta-beta cross-frequency coupling between left mid-occipital and motor cortex transiently increased before responses to invalid-cue trials. In conclusion, beta-band power in motor-related areas reflected the reliability of directional information used during motor preparation, whereas phasic theta-band activity may have signaled whether the target was at the expected location or not. These results elucidate mechanisms of interaction between attentional and motor processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charidimos Tzagarakis
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.,Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Sarah West
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Giuseppe Pellizzer
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.,Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States.,Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Numan R. The Prefrontal-Hippocampal Comparator: Volition and Episodic Memory. Percept Mot Skills 2021; 128:2421-2447. [PMID: 34424092 DOI: 10.1177/00315125211041341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This review describes recent research that is relevant to the prefrontal-hippocampal comparator model with the following conclusions: 1. Hippocampal area CA1 serves, at least in part, as an associative match-mismatch comparator. 2. Voluntary movement strengthens episodic memories for goal-directed behavior. 3. Hippocampal theta power serves as a prediction error signal during hippocampal dependent tasks. 4. The self-referential component of episodic memory in humans is mediated by the corollary discharge (the efference copy of the action plan developed by prefrontal cortex and transmitted to hippocampus where it is stored as a working memory; CA1 uses this efference copy to compare the expected consequences of action to the actual consequences of action). 5. Impairments in the production or transmission of this corollary discharge may contribute to some of the symptoms of schizophrenia. Unresolved issues and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Numan
- Department of Psychology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hwang IS, Hu CL, Huang WM, Tsai YY, Chen YC. Potential Motor Benefits of Visual Feedback of Error Reduction for Older Adults. J Aging Phys Act 2020; 28:934-942. [PMID: 32702665 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2019-0405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated how visual feedback of virtual error reduction (ER) modified the visuomotor performance of older adults with limited attentional capacity. Error structures of young and older adults during birhythmic force tracking were contrasted when the visualized error size was exact or half of the actual size. As compared with full-size error feedback, ER feedback improved the force tracking symmetry of older adults, but undermined that of young adults. Extended Poincaré analysis revealed that young adults presented greater short-term error variability (mean value of κ-lagged SD1 of the error signal) with ER feedback, which led to a smaller mean value of κ-lagged SD1 of the error signal for older adults. The ER-related task improvement of the older adults was negatively correlated with the size of the tracking errors with real error feedback and positively correlated with ER-related increases in force spectral symmetry and decreases in the mean value of κ-lagged SD1 of the error signal. ER feedback could advance visuomotor tasks for older adults who perform worse with full-size visual feedback by the enhancement of self-efficacy and stabilization of negative internal feedback.
Collapse
|
12
|
Mengotti P, Käsbauer AS, Fink GR, Vossel S. Lateralization, functional specialization, and dysfunction of attentional networks. Cortex 2020; 132:206-222. [PMID: 32998061 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present review covers the latest findings on the lateralization of the dorsal and ventral attention systems, their functional specialization, and their clinical relevance for stroke-induced attentional dysfunction. First, the original assumption of a bilateral dorsal system for top-down attention and a right-lateralized ventral system for stimulus-driven attention is critically reviewed. The evidence for the involvement of the left parietal cortex in attentional functions is discussed and findings on putative pathways linking the dorsal and ventral network are presented. In the second part of the review, we focus on the different attentional subsystems and their lateralization, discussing the differences between spatial, feature- and object-based attention, and motor attention. We also review studies based on predictive coding frameworks of attentional functions. Finally, in the third section, we provide an overview of the consequences of specific disruption within the attention networks after stroke. The role of the interhemispheric (im)balance is discussed, and the results of new promising therapeutic approaches employing brain stimulation techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) or transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Mengotti
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience & Medicine (INM-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Anne-Sophie Käsbauer
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience & Medicine (INM-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Gereon R Fink
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience & Medicine (INM-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Simone Vossel
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience & Medicine (INM-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Valakos D, d'Avossa G, Mylonas D, Butler J, Klein C, Smyrnis N. P300 response modulation reflects breaches of non-probabilistic expectations. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10254. [PMID: 32581245 PMCID: PMC7314850 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67275-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In oddball paradigms, infrequent stimuli elicit larger P300 event related potentials (ERPs) than frequent ones. One hypothesis is that P300 modulations reflect the degree of “surprise” associated with unexpected stimuli. That is the P300 represents how unlikely the stimulus is and this signal is then used to update the observer’s expectations. It could be hypothesized that P300 is modulated by any factor affecting an observer’s expectations, not only target probability. Alternatively, the P300 may reflect an evaluative process engaged whenever a discrepancy between task context and sensory inputs arises, irrespective of the latter probability. In previous ERP studies, stimulus probability was often the only determinant of task set confounding the effects of stimulus probability and set stimulus discrepancy. In this study, we used a speeded luminance detection task. The target was preceded by a central cue that predicted its location. The probability that the target was valid, i.e. would appear at the cued location was manipulated by varying the reliability of the cue. Reaction times were modulated by probabilistic expectations based on cue reliability and target validity while P300 was affected by target validity only. We conclude that increased P300 amplitude reflects primarily breaches of non-probabilistic expectations, rather than target probability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Valakos
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Sensorimotor Control, University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute "COSTAS STEFANIS", Athens, Greece.,Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - G d'Avossa
- Department of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - D Mylonas
- MGH/HST Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Butler
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK
| | - C Klein
- Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - N Smyrnis
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Sensorimotor Control, University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute "COSTAS STEFANIS", Athens, Greece. .,Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Modulations of Insular Projections by Prior Belief Mediate the Precision of Prediction Error during Tactile Learning. J Neurosci 2020; 40:3827-3837. [PMID: 32269104 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2904-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Awareness for surprising sensory events is shaped by prior belief inferred from past experience. Here, we combined hierarchical Bayesian modeling with fMRI on an associative learning task in 28 male human participants to characterize the effect of the prior belief of tactile events on connections mediating the outcome of perceptual decisions. Activity in anterior insular cortex (AIC), premotor cortex (PMd), and inferior parietal lobule (IPL) were modulated by prior belief on unexpected targets compared with expected targets. On expected targets, prior belief decreased the connection strength from AIC to IPL, whereas it increased the connection strength from AIC to PMd when targets were unexpected. Individual differences in the modulatory strength of prior belief on insular projections correlated with the precision that increases the influence of prediction errors on belief updating. These results suggest complementary effects of prior belief on insular-frontoparietal projections mediating the precision of prediction during probabilistic tactile learning.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In a probabilistic environment, the prior belief of sensory events can be inferred from past experiences. How this prior belief modulates effective brain connectivity for updating expectations for future decision-making remains unexplored. Combining hierarchical Bayesian modeling with fMRI, we show that during tactile associative learning, prior expectations modulate connections originating in the anterior insula cortex and targeting salience-related and attention-related frontoparietal areas (i.e., parietal and premotor cortex). These connections seem to be involved in updating evidence based on the precision of ascending inputs to guide future decision-making.
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang BA, Pleger B. Confidence in Decision-Making during Probabilistic Tactile Learning Related to Distinct Thalamo–Prefrontal Pathways. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:4677-4688. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The flexibility in adjusting the decision strategy from trial to trial is a prerequisite for learning in a probabilistic environment. Corresponding neural underpinnings remain largely unexplored. In the present study, 28 male humans were engaged in an associative learning task, in which they had to learn the changing probabilistic strengths of tactile sample stimuli. Combining functional magnetic resonance imaging with computational modeling, we show that an unchanged decision strategy over successively presented trials related to weakened functional connectivity between ventralmedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and left secondary somatosensory cortex. The weaker the connection strength, the faster participants indicated their choice. If the decision strategy remained unchanged, participant’s decision confidence (i.e., prior belief) was related to functional connectivity between vmPFC and right pulvinar. While adjusting the decision strategy, we instead found confidence-related connections between left orbitofrontal cortex and left thalamic mediodorsal nucleus. The stronger the participant’s prior belief, the weaker the connection strengths. Together, these findings suggest that distinct thalamo–prefrontal pathways encode the confidence in keeping or changing the decision strategy during probabilistic learning. Low confidence in the decision strategy demands more thalamo–prefrontal processing resources, which is in-line with the theoretical accounts of the free-energy principle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin A Wang
- Department of Neurology, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany
- Collaborative Research Centre 874 "Integration and Representation of Sensory Processes", Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Burkhard Pleger
- Department of Neurology, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany
- Collaborative Research Centre 874 "Integration and Representation of Sensory Processes", Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wiesing M, Fink GR, Weidner R, Vossel S. Combined expectancies: the role of expectations for the coding of salient bottom-up signals. Exp Brain Res 2020; 238:381-393. [PMID: 31932865 PMCID: PMC7007893 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05710-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The visual system forms predictions about upcoming visual features based on previous visual experiences. Such predictions impact on current perception, so that expected stimuli can be detected faster and with higher accuracy. A key question is how these predictions are formed and on which levels of processing they arise. Particularly, predictions could be formed on early levels of processing, where visual features are represented separately, or might require higher levels of processing, with predictions formed based on full object representations that involve combinations of visual features. In four experiments, the present study investigated whether the visual system forms joint prediction errors or whether expectations about different visual features such as color and orientation are formed independently. The first experiment revealed that task-irrelevant and implicitly learned expectations were formed independently when the features were separately bound to different objects. In a second experiment, no evidence for a mutual influence of both types of task-irrelevant and implicitly formed feature expectations was observed, although both visual features were assigned to the same objects. A third experiment confirmed the findings of the previous experiments for explicitly rather than implicitly formed expectations. Finally, no evidence for a mutual influence of different feature expectations was observed when features were assigned to a single centrally presented object. Overall, the present results do not support the view that object feature binding generates joint feature-based expectancies of different object features. Rather, the results suggest that expectations for color and orientation are processed and resolved independently at the feature level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wiesing
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse, 52428, Juelich, Germany.
| | - Gereon R Fink
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse, 52428, Juelich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ralph Weidner
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse, 52428, Juelich, Germany
| | - Simone Vossel
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse, 52428, Juelich, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Cologne, Gronewaldstrasse 2, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Wang A, Sang H, He J, Sava-Segal C, Tang X, Zhang M. Effects of Cognitive Expectation on Sound-Induced Flash Illusion. Perception 2019; 48:1214-1234. [DOI: 10.1177/0301006619885796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sound-induced flash illusion (SIFI) is an auditory-dominated multisensory integration phenomenon in which flashes presented in conjunction with an unequal number of auditory sounds are illusorily perceived as equal in number to the auditory sounds. Previous studies on the factors that impact SIFI have mainly focused on top-down and bottom-up factors. This study aimed to explore the effects of top-down cognitive expectations on the SIFI by manipulating the proportion of trial types. The results showed that the accuracy of judgment was improved and reaction times were shortened when the instructions were consistent with the actual proportion of trial type. When the instructions were not consistent with the actual proportion of trial types, the instructions could still regulate the accuracy and reaction times in judging the fission illusion (i.e., a brief flash accompanied by two auditory stimuli tends to be perceived as two flashes) regardless of the actual proportion of trial types. The results indicated that top-down cognitive expectations could significantly reduce the fission illusion and accelerate the judgment, but the effect was not significant in the fusion illusion (i.e., two brief flashes accompanied by single auditory stimuli tend to be perceived as a single flash) due to the instability of the illusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aijun Wang
- Department of Psychology, Research Center for
Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hanbin Sang
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal
University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiaying He
- Department of Psychology, Research Center for
Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Xiaoyu Tang
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Collaborative
Innovation Center of Children and Adolescents Healthy Personality Assessment
and Cultivation, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Research Center for
Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou,
China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Espay AJ, Ries S, Maloney T, Vannest J, Neefus E, Dwivedi AK, Allendorfer JB, Wulsin LR, LaFrance WC, Lang AE, Szaflarski JP. Clinical and neural responses to cognitive behavioral therapy for functional tremor. Neurology 2019; 93:e1787-e1798. [PMID: 31586023 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000008442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate changes in tremor severity and motor/emotion-processing circuits in response to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) delivered as treatment for functional tremor (FT), the most common functional movement disorder in adults. METHODS Fifteen patients with FT underwent fMRI with motor, basic-emotion, and intense-emotion tasks before and after 12 weeks of CBT. Baseline fMRI was compared to those of 25 healthy controls (HCs). The main clinical endpoint was the tremor score (sum of severity, duration, and incapacitation subscores) adapted from the Rating Scale for Psychogenic Movement Disorders (PMDRS) assessed by a blinded clinician. CBT responders were defined as those with PMDRS score reduction >75%. Anatomic and functional brain images were obtained with a 4T MRI system. Generalized linear model and region-of-interest analyses were used to evaluate before-versus-after treatment-related changes in brain activation. RESULTS CBT markedly reduced tremor severity (p < 0.01) with remission/near remission achieved in 73.3% of the cohort. Compared to HCs, in those with FT, a functionally defined fMRI region of interest in the anterior cingulate/paracingulate cortex showed increased activation at baseline and decreased activation after CBT during basic-emotion processing (p = 0.012 for CBT responders). Among CBT responders, the change in anterior cingulate/paracingulate was more significant in those with more severe baseline depression (r = 0.75, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Tremor severity improved significantly after CBT. The improvement was associated with changes in the anterior cingulate/paracingulate activity, which may represent a marker of emotional dysregulation in FT and a predictor of treatment response. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class III evidence that CBT significantly improves tremor severity in patients with functional tremor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto J Espay
- From the Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E., E.N.); Mood Disorders Center (S.R., L.R.W.), University of Cincinnati Gardner Neuroscience Institute; Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium (T.M., J.V.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (J.V.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; Department of Biomedical Sciences (A.K.D.), Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; Department of Neurology (J.B.A., J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Division of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurology (W.C.L.), Rhode Island Hospital, Providence; and Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic (A.E.L.), Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Scott Ries
- From the Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E., E.N.); Mood Disorders Center (S.R., L.R.W.), University of Cincinnati Gardner Neuroscience Institute; Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium (T.M., J.V.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (J.V.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; Department of Biomedical Sciences (A.K.D.), Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; Department of Neurology (J.B.A., J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Division of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurology (W.C.L.), Rhode Island Hospital, Providence; and Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic (A.E.L.), Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Maloney
- From the Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E., E.N.); Mood Disorders Center (S.R., L.R.W.), University of Cincinnati Gardner Neuroscience Institute; Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium (T.M., J.V.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (J.V.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; Department of Biomedical Sciences (A.K.D.), Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; Department of Neurology (J.B.A., J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Division of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurology (W.C.L.), Rhode Island Hospital, Providence; and Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic (A.E.L.), Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Vannest
- From the Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E., E.N.); Mood Disorders Center (S.R., L.R.W.), University of Cincinnati Gardner Neuroscience Institute; Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium (T.M., J.V.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (J.V.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; Department of Biomedical Sciences (A.K.D.), Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; Department of Neurology (J.B.A., J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Division of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurology (W.C.L.), Rhode Island Hospital, Providence; and Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic (A.E.L.), Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erin Neefus
- From the Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E., E.N.); Mood Disorders Center (S.R., L.R.W.), University of Cincinnati Gardner Neuroscience Institute; Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium (T.M., J.V.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (J.V.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; Department of Biomedical Sciences (A.K.D.), Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; Department of Neurology (J.B.A., J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Division of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurology (W.C.L.), Rhode Island Hospital, Providence; and Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic (A.E.L.), Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alok K Dwivedi
- From the Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E., E.N.); Mood Disorders Center (S.R., L.R.W.), University of Cincinnati Gardner Neuroscience Institute; Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium (T.M., J.V.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (J.V.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; Department of Biomedical Sciences (A.K.D.), Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; Department of Neurology (J.B.A., J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Division of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurology (W.C.L.), Rhode Island Hospital, Providence; and Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic (A.E.L.), Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jane B Allendorfer
- From the Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E., E.N.); Mood Disorders Center (S.R., L.R.W.), University of Cincinnati Gardner Neuroscience Institute; Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium (T.M., J.V.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (J.V.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; Department of Biomedical Sciences (A.K.D.), Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; Department of Neurology (J.B.A., J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Division of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurology (W.C.L.), Rhode Island Hospital, Providence; and Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic (A.E.L.), Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lawson R Wulsin
- From the Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E., E.N.); Mood Disorders Center (S.R., L.R.W.), University of Cincinnati Gardner Neuroscience Institute; Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium (T.M., J.V.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (J.V.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; Department of Biomedical Sciences (A.K.D.), Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; Department of Neurology (J.B.A., J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Division of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurology (W.C.L.), Rhode Island Hospital, Providence; and Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic (A.E.L.), Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - W Curt LaFrance
- From the Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E., E.N.); Mood Disorders Center (S.R., L.R.W.), University of Cincinnati Gardner Neuroscience Institute; Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium (T.M., J.V.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (J.V.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; Department of Biomedical Sciences (A.K.D.), Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; Department of Neurology (J.B.A., J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Division of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurology (W.C.L.), Rhode Island Hospital, Providence; and Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic (A.E.L.), Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony E Lang
- From the Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E., E.N.); Mood Disorders Center (S.R., L.R.W.), University of Cincinnati Gardner Neuroscience Institute; Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium (T.M., J.V.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (J.V.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; Department of Biomedical Sciences (A.K.D.), Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; Department of Neurology (J.B.A., J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Division of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurology (W.C.L.), Rhode Island Hospital, Providence; and Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic (A.E.L.), Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jerzy P Szaflarski
- From the Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E., E.N.); Mood Disorders Center (S.R., L.R.W.), University of Cincinnati Gardner Neuroscience Institute; Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium (T.M., J.V.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (J.V.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH; Department of Biomedical Sciences (A.K.D.), Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; Department of Neurology (J.B.A., J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Division of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurology (W.C.L.), Rhode Island Hospital, Providence; and Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic (A.E.L.), Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Age-related changes in Bayesian belief updating during attentional deployment and motor intention. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2019; 84:1387-1399. [PMID: 30806810 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-019-01154-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Predicting upcoming events using past observations is a crucial component of an efficient allocation of attentional resources. Therefore, the deployment of attention is sensitive to different types of cues predicting upcoming events. Here we investigated probabilistic inference abilities in spatial and feature-based attentional, as well as in motor-intentional subsystems, focusing specifically on the age-related changes in these abilities. In two behavioral experiments, younger and older adults (20 younger and 20 older adults for each experiment) performed three versions of a cueing paradigm, where spatial, feature, or motor cues predicted the location, color, or motor response of a target stimulus. The percentage of cue validity (i.e., the probability of the cue being valid) changed over time, thereby creating a volatile environment. A Bayesian hierarchical model was used to estimate trial-wise beliefs concerning the cue validity from reaction times and to derive a subject-specific belief updating parameter ω in each task version. We also manipulated task difficulty: participants performed an easier version of the task in Experiment 1 and a more difficult version in Experiment 2. Results from Experiment 1 suggested a preserved ability of older adults to use the three different cues to generate predictions. However, the increased task demands of Experiment 2 uncovered a difference in belief updating between the two age groups, indicating moderate evidence for a reduction of the ability to update predictions with motor intention cues in older adults. These results point at a distinction of attentional and motor-intentional subsystems, with age-related differences tackling especially the motor-intentional subsystem.
Collapse
|
21
|
Mengotti P, Boers F, Dombert PL, Fink GR, Vossel S. Integrating modality-specific expectancies for the deployment of spatial attention. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1210. [PMID: 29352145 PMCID: PMC5775425 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19593-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The deployment of spatial attention is highly sensitive to stimulus predictability. Despite evidence for strong crossmodal links in spatial attentional systems, it remains to be elucidated how concurrent but divergent predictions for targets in different sensory modalities are integrated. In a series of behavioral studies, we investigated the processing of modality-specific expectancies using a multimodal cueing paradigm in which auditory cues predicted the location of visual or tactile targets with modality-specific cue predictability. The cue predictability for visual and tactile targets was manipulated independently. A Bayesian ideal observer model with a weighting factor was applied to trial-wise individual response speed to investigate how the two probabilistic contexts are integrated. Results showed that the degree of integration depended on the level of predictability and on the divergence of the modality-specific probabilistic contexts (Experiments 1–2). However, when the two probabilistic contexts were matched in their level of predictability and were highly divergent (Experiment 3), higher separate processing was favored, especially when visual targets were processed. These findings suggest that modality-specific predictions are flexibly integrated according to their reliability, supporting the hypothesis of separate modality-specific attentional systems that are however linked to guarantee an efficient deployment of spatial attention across the senses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Mengotti
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience & Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, 52425, Juelich, Germany.
| | - Frank Boers
- Institute of Neuroscience & Medicine (INM-4), Research Centre Juelich, 52425, Juelich, Germany
| | - Pascasie L Dombert
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience & Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, 52425, Juelich, Germany
| | - Gereon R Fink
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience & Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, 52425, Juelich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Simone Vossel
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience & Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, 52425, Juelich, Germany.,Department of Psychology, University of Cologne, 50923, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gottlieb J. Understanding active sampling strategies: Empirical approaches and implications for attention and decision research. Cortex 2017; 102:150-160. [PMID: 28919222 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In natural behavior we actively gather information using attention and active sensing behaviors (such as shifts of gaze) to sample relevant cues. However, while attention and decision making are naturally coordinated, in the laboratory they have been dissociated. Attention is studied independently of the actions it serves. Conversely, decision theories make the simplifying assumption that the relevant information is given, and do not attempt to describe how the decision maker may learn and implement active sampling policies. In this paper I review recent studies that address questions of attentional learning, cue validity and information seeking in humans and non-human primates. These studies suggest that learning a sampling policy involves large scale interactions between networks of attention and valuation, which implement these policies based on reward maximization, uncertainty reduction and the intrinsic utility of cognitive states. I discuss the importance of using such paradigms for formalizing the role of attention, as well as devising more realistic theories of decision making that capture a broader range of empirical observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Gottlieb
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, USA.
| |
Collapse
|