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Soltan OM, Abdelrahman KS, Bass AKA, Takizawa K, Narumi A, Konno H. Design of Multi-Target drugs of HDACs and other Anti-Alzheimer related Targets: Current strategies and future prospects in Alzheimer's diseases therapy. Bioorg Chem 2024; 151:107651. [PMID: 39029320 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia that develops spontaneously in the elderly. It's worth mentioning that as people age, the epigenetic profile of the central nervous system cells changes, which may speed up the development of various neurodegenerative disorders including AD. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a class of epigenetic enzymes that can control gene expression without altering the gene sequence. Moreover, a promising strategy for multi-target hybrid design was proposed to potentially improve drug efficacy and reduce side effects. These hybrids are monocular drugs that contain various pharmacophore components and have the ability to bind to different targets at the same time. The HDACs ability to synergistically boost the performance of other anti-AD drugs, as well as the ease with which HDACs inhibitor cap group, can be modified. This has prompted numerous medicinal chemists to design a novel generation of HDACs multi-target inhibitors. Different HDACs inhibitors and other ones such as acetylcholinesterase, butyryl-cholinesterase, phosphodiesterase 9, phosphodiesterase 5 or glycogen synthase kinase 3β inhibitors were merged into hybrids for treatment of AD. This review goes over the scientific rationale for targeting HDACs along with several other crucial targets in AD therapy. This review presents the latest hybrids of HDACs and other AD target pharmacophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama M Soltan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt.
| | - Kamal S Abdelrahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Amr K A Bass
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Menoufia 6131567, Egypt
| | - Kazuki Takizawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Atsushi Narumi
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, Jonan 4-3-16, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Konno
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan.
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2
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Buccarelli M, Castellani G, Fiorentino V, Pizzimenti C, Beninati S, Ricci-Vitiani L, Scattoni ML, Mischiati C, Facchiano F, Tabolacci C. Biological Implications and Functional Significance of Transglutaminase Type 2 in Nervous System Tumors. Cells 2024; 13:667. [PMID: 38667282 PMCID: PMC11048792 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminase type 2 (TG2) is the most ubiquitously expressed member of the transglutaminase family. TG2 catalyzes the transamidation reaction leading to several protein post-translational modifications and it is also implicated in signal transduction thanks to its GTP binding/hydrolyzing activity. In the nervous system, TG2 regulates multiple physiological processes, such as development, neuronal cell death and differentiation, and synaptic plasticity. Given its different enzymatic activities, aberrant expression or activity of TG2 can contribute to tumorigenesis, including in peripheral and central nervous system tumors. Indeed, TG2 dysregulation has been reported in meningiomas, medulloblastomas, neuroblastomas, glioblastomas, and other adult-type diffuse gliomas. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the biological and functional relevance of TG2 in the pathogenesis of nervous system tumors, highlighting its involvement in survival, tumor inflammation, differentiation, and in the resistance to standard therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Buccarelli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (G.C.); (L.R.-V.); (F.F.)
| | - Giorgia Castellani
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (G.C.); (L.R.-V.); (F.F.)
| | - Vincenzo Fiorentino
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Cristina Pizzimenti
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Simone Beninati
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Lucia Ricci-Vitiani
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (G.C.); (L.R.-V.); (F.F.)
| | - Maria Luisa Scattoni
- Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carlo Mischiati
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Francesco Facchiano
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (G.C.); (L.R.-V.); (F.F.)
| | - Claudio Tabolacci
- Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy;
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3
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Ferrero E, Di Gregorio E, Ferrero M, Ortolan E, Moon YA, Di Campli A, Pavinato L, Mancini C, Tripathy D, Manes M, Hoxha E, Costanzi C, Pozzi E, Rossi Sebastiano M, Mitro N, Tempia F, Caruso D, Borroni B, Basso M, Sallese M, Brusco A. Spinocerebellar ataxia 38: structure-function analysis shows ELOVL5 G230V is proteotoxic, conformationally altered and a mutational hotspot. Hum Genet 2023; 142:1055-1076. [PMID: 37199746 PMCID: PMC10449689 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02572-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid elongase ELOVL5 is part of a protein family of multipass transmembrane proteins that reside in the endoplasmic reticulum where they regulate long-chain fatty acid elongation. A missense variant (c.689G>T p.Gly230Val) in ELOVL5 causes Spinocerebellar Ataxia subtype 38 (SCA38), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance, cerebellar Purkinje cell demise and adult-onset ataxia. Having previously showed aberrant accumulation of p.G230V in the Golgi complex, here we further investigated the pathogenic mechanisms triggered by p.G230V, integrating functional studies with bioinformatic analyses of protein sequence and structure. Biochemical analysis showed that p.G230V enzymatic activity was normal. In contrast, SCA38-derived fibroblasts showed reduced expression of ELOVL5, Golgi complex enlargement and increased proteasomal degradation with respect to controls. By heterologous overexpression, p.G230V was significantly more active than wild-type ELOVL5 in triggering the unfolded protein response and in decreasing viability in mouse cortical neurons. By homology modelling, we generated native and p.G230V protein structures whose superposition revealed a shift in Loop 6 in p.G230V that altered a highly conserved intramolecular disulphide bond. The conformation of this bond, connecting Loop 2 and Loop 6, appears to be elongase-specific. Alteration of this intramolecular interaction was also observed when comparing wild-type ELOVL4 and the p.W246G variant which causes SCA34. We demonstrate by sequence and structure analyses that ELOVL5 p.G230V and ELOVL4 p.W246G are position-equivalent missense variants. We conclude that SCA38 is a conformational disease and propose combined loss of function by mislocalization and gain of toxic function by ER/Golgi stress as early events in SCA38 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enza Ferrero
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Santena 19, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Eleonora Di Gregorio
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Città della Salute e Della Scienza Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Marta Ferrero
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Aosta Valley, Turin, Italy
| | - Erika Ortolan
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Santena 19, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Young-Ah Moon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Antonella Di Campli
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Italian National Research Council, Naples, Italy
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lisa Pavinato
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Santena 19, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Cecilia Mancini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Santena 19, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Debasmita Tripathy
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Marta Manes
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eriola Hoxha
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Orbassano and Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Pozzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Santena 19, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Rossi Sebastiano
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Nico Mitro
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Tempia
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Orbassano and Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Donatella Caruso
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Manuela Basso
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Michele Sallese
- Centre for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alfredo Brusco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Santena 19, 10126, Turin, Italy.
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Città della Salute e Della Scienza Hospital, Turin, Italy.
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4
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Jeong A, Auger SA, Maity S, Fredriksen K, Zhong R, Li L, Distefano MD. In Vivo Prenylomic Profiling in the Brain of a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease Reveals Increased Prenylation of a Key Set of Proteins. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:2863-2876. [PMID: 36109170 PMCID: PMC9799064 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of protein prenylation has been implicated in many diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Prenylomic analysis, the combination of metabolic incorporation of an isoprenoid analogue (C15AlkOPP) into prenylated proteins with a bottom-up proteomic analysis, has allowed the identification of prenylated proteins in various cellular models. Here, transgenic AD mice were administered with C15AlkOPP through intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion over 13 days. Using prenylomic analysis, 36 prenylated proteins were enriched in the brains of AD mice. Importantly, the prenylated forms of 15 proteins were consistently upregulated in AD mice compared to nontransgenic wild-type controls. These results highlight the power of this in vivo metabolic labeling approach to identify multiple post-translationally modified proteins that may serve as potential therapeutic targets for a disease that has proved refractory to treatment thus far. Moreover, this method should be applicable to many other types of protein modifications, significantly broadening its scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Jeong
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455 USA
| | | | - Sanjay Maity
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455 USA
| | | | - Rui Zhong
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455 USA
| | - Ling Li
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455 USA
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5
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Katt WP, Aplin C, Cerione RA. Exploring the Role of Transglutaminase in Patients with Glioblastoma: Current Perspectives. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:277-290. [PMID: 35340676 PMCID: PMC8943831 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s329262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue transglutaminase (tTG) is a rather unique GTP-binding/protein crosslinking enzyme that has been shown to play important roles in a number of cellular processes that impact both normal physiology and disease states. This is especially the case in the context of aggressive brain tumors, such as glioblastoma. The diverse roles played by tTG in cancer survival and progression have led to significant interest in recent years in using tTG as a therapeutic target. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the transglutaminase family, and then discuss the primary biochemical activities exhibited by tTG with an emphasis on the role it plays in glioblastoma progression. Finally, we consider current approaches to target tTG which might eventually have clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Katt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Cody Aplin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Richard A Cerione
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA,Correspondence: Richard A Cerione, Tel +1 607-253-3650, Email
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6
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Curran CS, Kopp JB. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Mechanisms Affecting Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:782199. [PMID: 35237156 PMCID: PMC8882872 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.782199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that binds diverse endogenous and xenobiotic ligands, which regulate AHR stability, transcriptional activity, and cell signaling. AHR activity is strongly implicated throughout the course of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Many diverse organic molecules bind and activate AHR and these ligands are reported to either promote glomerular and tubular damage or protect against kidney injury. AHR crosstalk with estrogen, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, and NF-κB pathways may contribute to the diversity of AHR responses during the various forms and stages of CKD. The roles of AHR in kidney fibrosis, metabolism and the renin angiotensin system are described to offer insight into CKD pathogenesis and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen S. Curran
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Colleen S. Curran,
| | - Jeffrey B. Kopp
- Kidney Disease Section, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
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7
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Bu ZQ, Yu HY, Wang J, He X, Cui YR, Feng JC, Feng J. Emerging Role of Ferroptosis in the Pathogenesis of Ischemic Stroke: A New Therapeutic Target? ASN Neuro 2021; 13:17590914211037505. [PMID: 34463559 PMCID: PMC8424725 DOI: 10.1177/17590914211037505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the main causes of high morbidity, mortality, and disability
worldwide; however, the treatment methods are limited and do not always achieve
satisfactory results. The pathogenesis of ischemic stroke is complex, defined by multiple
mechanisms; among them, programmed death of neuronal cells plays a significant role.
Ferroptosis is a novel type of regulated cell death characterized by iron redistribution
or accumulation and increased lipid peroxidation in the membrane. Ferroptosis is
implicated in many pathological conditions, such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases,
and ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this review, we summarize current research findings on
ferroptosis, including possible molecular mechanisms and therapeutic applications of
ferroptosis regulators, with a focus on the involvement of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis
and treatment of ischemic stroke. Understanding the role of ferroptosis in ischemic stroke
will throw some light on the development of methods for diagnosis, treatment, and
prevention of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Qi Bu
- Department of Neurology, 85024Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hai-Yang Yu
- Department of Neurology, 85024Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Neurology, 85024Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Neurology, 85024Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue-Ran Cui
- Department of Neurology, 85024Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia-Chun Feng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, 117971The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Neurology, 85024Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Migazzi A, Scaramuzzino C, Anderson EN, Tripathy D, Hernández IH, Grant RA, Roccuzzo M, Tosatto L, Virlogeux A, Zuccato C, Caricasole A, Ratovitski T, Ross CA, Pandey UB, Lucas JJ, Saudou F, Pennuto M, Basso M. Huntingtin-mediated axonal transport requires arginine methylation by PRMT6. Cell Rep 2021; 35:108980. [PMID: 33852844 PMCID: PMC8132453 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The huntingtin (HTT) protein transports various organelles, including vesicles containing neurotrophic factors, from embryonic development throughout life. To better understand how HTT mediates axonal transport and why this function is disrupted in Huntington's disease (HD), we study vesicle-associated HTT and find that it is dimethylated at a highly conserved arginine residue (R118) by the protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6). Without R118 methylation, HTT associates less with vesicles, anterograde trafficking is diminished, and neuronal death ensues-very similar to what occurs in HD. Inhibiting PRMT6 in HD cells and neurons exacerbates mutant HTT (mHTT) toxicity and impairs axonal trafficking, whereas overexpressing PRMT6 restores axonal transport and neuronal viability, except in the presence of a methylation-defective variant of mHTT. In HD flies, overexpressing PRMT6 rescues axonal defects and eclosion. Arginine methylation thus regulates HTT-mediated vesicular transport along the axon, and increasing HTT methylation could be of therapeutic interest for HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Migazzi
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Neurobiology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology - CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy; Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology - CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences (DBS), University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Chiara Scaramuzzino
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Eric N Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Debasmita Tripathy
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Neurobiology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology - CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Ivó H Hernández
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO) CSIC/UAM, Madrid, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Rogan A Grant
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Michela Roccuzzo
- Advanced Imaging Core Facility, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology - CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Laura Tosatto
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council (CNR) Trento unit, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Amandine Virlogeux
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Chiara Zuccato
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," Milan 20122, Italy
| | | | - Tamara Ratovitski
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Christopher A Ross
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Udai B Pandey
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - José J Lucas
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO) CSIC/UAM, Madrid, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Frédéric Saudou
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble 38000, France.
| | - Maria Pennuto
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology - CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences (DBS), University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), via Orus 2, Padova 35129, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), Padova 35131, Italy; Myology Center (CIR-Myo), Padova 35131, Italy.
| | - Manuela Basso
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Neurobiology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology - CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy.
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9
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Neuronal and Endothelial Transglutaminase-2 Expression during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis. Neuroscience 2020; 461:140-154. [PMID: 33253822 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Transglutiminase-2 (TG2) is a multifunctional enzyme that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and multiple sclerosis (MS) using global knockout mice and TG2 selective inhibitors. Previous studies have identified the expression of TG2 in subsets of macrophages-microglia and astrocytes after EAE. The aims of the current investigation were to examine neuronal expression of TG2 in rodent models of chronic-relapsing and non-relapsing EAE and through co-staining with intracellular and cell death markers, provide insight into the putative role of TG2 in neuronal pathology during disease progression. Here we report that under normal physiological conditions there is a low basal expression of TG2 in the nucleus of neurons, however following EAE or MS, robust induction of cytoplasmic TG2 occurs in most neurons surrounding perivascular lesion sites. Importantly, TG2-positive neurons also labeled for phosphorylated Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and the apoptotic marker cleaved caspase-3. In white and gray matter lesions, high levels of TG2 were also found within the vasculature and endothelial cells as well as in tissue migrating pericytes or fibroblasts, though rarely did TG2 colocalize with cells identified with glial cell markers (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia). TG2 induction occurred concurrently with the upregulation of the blood vessel permeability factor and angiogenic molecule Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). Extracellular TG2 was found to juxtapose with fibronectin, within and surrounding blood vessels. Though molecular and pharmacological studies have implicated TG2 in the induction and severity of EAE, the cell autonomous functions of this multifunctional enzyme during disease progression remains to be elucidated.
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10
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Rroji O, Kumar A, Karuppagounder SS, Ratan RR. Epigenetic regulators of neuronal ferroptosis identify novel therapeutics for neurological diseases: HDACs, transglutaminases, and HIF prolyl hydroxylases. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 147:105145. [PMID: 33127469 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A major thrust of our laboratory has been to identify how physiological stress is transduced into transcriptional responses that feed back to overcome the inciting stress or its consequences, thereby fostering survival and repair. To this end, we have adopted the use of an in vitro model of ferroptosis, a caspase-independent, but iron-dependent form of cell death (Dixon et al., 2012; Ratan, 2020). In this review, we highlight three distinct epigenetic targets that have evolved from our studies and which have been validated in vivo studies. In the first section, we discuss our studies of broad, pan-selective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors in ferroptosis and how these studies led to the validation of HDAC inhibitors as candidate therapeutics in a host of disease models. In the second section, we discuss our studies that revealed a role for transglutaminase as an epigenetic modulator of proferroptotic pathways and how these studies set the stage for recent elucidation of monoamines as post-translation modifiers of histone function. In the final section, we discuss our studies of iron-, 2-oxoglutarate-, and oxygen-dependent dioxygenases and the role of one family of these enzymes, the HIF prolyl hydroxylases, in mediating transcriptional events necessary for ferroptosis in vitro and for dysfunction in a host of neurological conditions. Overall, our studies highlight the importance of epigenetic proteins in mediating prodeath and prosurvival responses to ferroptosis. Pharmacological agents that target these epigenetic proteins are showing robust beneficial effects in diverse rodent models of stroke, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orjon Rroji
- Burke Neurological Institute, 785 Mamaroneck Avenue, White Plains, NY 10605, USA; Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 E 61st Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Amit Kumar
- Burke Neurological Institute, 785 Mamaroneck Avenue, White Plains, NY 10605, USA; Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 E 61st Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Saravanan S Karuppagounder
- Burke Neurological Institute, 785 Mamaroneck Avenue, White Plains, NY 10605, USA; Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 E 61st Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rajiv R Ratan
- Burke Neurological Institute, 785 Mamaroneck Avenue, White Plains, NY 10605, USA; Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 E 61st Street, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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11
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Oxidative Stress in Parkinson's Disease: Potential Benefits of Antioxidant Supplementation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2360872. [PMID: 33101584 PMCID: PMC7576349 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2360872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) occurs in approximately 1% of the population over 65 years of age and has become increasingly more common with advances in age. The number of individuals older than 60 years has been increasing in modern societies, as well as life expectancy in developing countries; therefore, PD may pose an impact on the economic, social, and health structures of these countries. Oxidative stress is highlighted as an important factor in the genesis of PD, involving several enzymes and signaling molecules in the underlying mechanisms of the disease. This review presents updated data on the involvement of oxidative stress in the disease, as well as the use of antioxidant supplements in its therapy.
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12
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The Application of Ferroptosis in Diseases. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104919. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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13
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Ratan RR. The Chemical Biology of Ferroptosis in the Central Nervous System. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:479-498. [PMID: 32243811 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the past five decades, thanatology has come to include the study of how individual cells in our bodies die appropriately and inappropriately in response to physiological and pathological stimuli. Morphological and biochemical criteria have been painstakingly established to create clarity around definitions of distinct types of cell death and mechanisms for their activation. Among these, ferroptosis has emerged as a unique, oxidative stress-induced cell death pathway with implications for diseases as diverse as traumatic brain injury, hemorrhagic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, cancer, renal ischemia, and heat stress in plants. In this review, I highlight some of the formative studies that fostered its recognition in the nervous system and describe how chemical biological tools have been essential in defining events necessary for its execution. Finally, I discuss emerging opportunities for antiferroptotic agents as therapeutic agents in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv R Ratan
- Burke Neurological Institute at Weill Cornell Medicine, 785 Mamaroneck Avenue, White Plains, NY 10605, USA.
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14
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Tripathy D, Migazzi A, Costa F, Roncador A, Gatto P, Fusco F, Boeri L, Albani D, Juárez-Hernández JL, Musio C, Colombo L, Salmona M, Wilhelmus MMM, Drukarch B, Pennuto M, Basso M. Increased transcription of transglutaminase 1 mediates neuronal death in in vitro models of neuronal stress and Aβ1-42-mediated toxicity. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 140:104849. [PMID: 32222473 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. At the pre-symptomatic phase of the disease, the processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) produces toxic peptides, called amyloid-β 1-42 (Aβ 1-42). The downstream effects of Aβ 1-42 production are not completely uncovered. Here, we report the involvement of transglutaminase 1 (TG1) in in vitro AD models of neuronal toxicity. TG1 was increased at late stages of the disease in the hippocampus of a mouse model of AD and in primary cortical neurons undergoing stress. Silencing of TGM1 gene was sufficient to prevent Aβ-mediated neuronal death. Conversely, its overexpression enhanced cell death. TGM1 upregulation was mediated at the transcriptional level by an activator protein 1 (AP1) binding site that when mutated halted TGM1 promoter activation. These results indicate that TG1 acts downstream of Aβ-toxicity, and that its stress-dependent increase makes it suitable for pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasmita Tripathy
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology - CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, TN, Italy
| | - Alice Migazzi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology - CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, TN, Italy
| | - Federica Costa
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology - CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, TN, Italy
| | - Alessandro Roncador
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology - CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, TN, Italy
| | - Pamela Gatto
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology - CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, TN, Italy
| | - Federica Fusco
- Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Genetics of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Lucia Boeri
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Albani
- Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Genetics of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - J Leon Juárez-Hernández
- Institute of Biophysics, Trento Unit, National Research Council (IBF-CNR), Bruno Kessler Foundation (FBK), LabSSAH, Via alla Cascata 56/C, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Carlo Musio
- Institute of Biophysics, Trento Unit, National Research Council (IBF-CNR), Bruno Kessler Foundation (FBK), LabSSAH, Via alla Cascata 56/C, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Laura Colombo
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Mario Salmona
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - M M Micha Wilhelmus
- VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Drukarch
- VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Pennuto
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute Lab of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Italy; Department of Biomedical sciences, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Manuela Basso
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology - CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, TN, Italy.
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15
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Boxhammer E, Lehle K, Schmid C, von Suesskind-Schwendi M. Anti-oxidative effect of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor nintedanib: a potential therapy for chronic lung allograft dysfunction? Exp Lung Res 2020; 46:128-145. [PMID: 32169022 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2020.1738594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: The long-term survival after lung transplantation (LTx) is often limited by the development of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). Increased oxidative stress has been found to occur in chronic lung allograft dysfunction because of several risk factors, e.g. immunological factors or drug related factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-oxidative effect of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor nintedanib on immunologically induced oxidative stress and on drug induced oxidative stress.Methods: In-vivo studies were used for investigation of immunologically induced oxidative stress: Immunohistochemistry of transglutaminase-2 (TGM-2) was used to figure out a potential anti-oxidative effect of receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor nintedanib in a rat model of allogeneic left LTx. In-vitro studies were used for investigation of drug induced oxidative stress: Cell viability assay, 2'7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) and immunofluorescence of transglutaminase-2 were disposed to examine the potential impact of nintedanib on cyclosporin A (CsA) treated lung fibroblasts of the rat.Results: In-vivo studies: Allogeneic transplanted animals without drug interaction showed severe chronic rejection and an excessive expression of TGM-2, whereas the application of nintedanib significantly decreased the number of TGM-2 positive cells. In-vitro studies: Concentrations of CsA ranging from 250 ng/ml to 500 ng/ml demonstrated oxidative stress caused by an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an overexpression of TGM-2 without inducing apoptosis in cells. Concentrations of more than 1000 ng/ml led to a considerable decrease of cellularity. 30 min-pre-incubation with nintedanib at a concentration between 25 and 100 nM reduced generation of intracellular ROS and expression of TGM-2.Conclusion: These results demonstrate a downregulation of ROS and TGM-2 by pretreatment with the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor nintedanib and present its potential anti-oxidative and immunomodulatory effect in the treatment of chronic lung allograft dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Boxhammer
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karla Lehle
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christof Schmid
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
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16
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Transglutaminases, neuronal cell death and neural repair: implications for traumatic brain injury and therapeutics. Curr Opin Neurol 2019; 32:796-801. [DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000000753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Sun H, Kaartinen MT. Assessment of expression and specific activities of transglutaminases TG1, TG2, and FXIII-A during osteoclastogenesis. Anal Biochem 2019; 591:113512. [PMID: 31786225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.113512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are large multinucleated bone-resorbing cells derived from monocyte/macrophage lineage. Macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) drive the multi-stage osteoclastogenesis. Transglutaminases (TGs) are Ca2+- and thiol-dependent acyl transferases and protein crosslinking enzymes. TG enzyme family contains eight catalytically active enzymes TG1-7 and Factor XIII-A (FXIII-A). Recent studies have shown that TG1, TG2, and FXIII-A are present in osteoclasts and that TG2 and FXIII-A regulate osteoclastogenesis. In this study, we examined gene and protein expression and specific activities of TG1, TG2, and FXIII-A during osteoclastogenesis using "Hitomi peptides" in a day-by-day manner. We report that TG activities are highest in the differentiation and early fusion phases and then decrease dramatically. TG activities were upregulated by M-CSF and downregulated by addition of RANKL. FXIII-A was dramatically downregulated by RANKL, suggesting its involvement in M-CSF-mediated precursor commitment phase. TG1 and TG2 proteins were present throughout osteoclastogenesis, suggesting that they may have functions in both differentiation and fusion. In summary, the three TGs likely exert distinct functions at different stages of osteoclastogenesis. Our work also demonstrates that the "Hitomi peptides" are highly specific tools for detection of distinct TGs in a system where multiple TGs are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sun
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - M T Kaartinen
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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18
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Mohammed AD, Khan MAW, Chatzistamou I, Chamseddine D, Williams-Kang K, Perry M, Enos R, Murphy A, Gomez G, Aladhami A, Oskeritzian CA, Jolly A, Chang Y, He S, Pan Z, Kubinak JL. Gut Antibody Deficiency in a Mouse Model of CVID Results in Spontaneous Development of a Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2484. [PMID: 31708923 PMCID: PMC6820504 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiencies are heritable disorders of immune function. CD19 is a B cell co-receptor important for B cell development, and CD19 deficiency is a known genetic risk factor for a rare form of primary immunodeficiency known as “common variable immunodeficiency” (CVID); an antibody deficiency resulting in low levels of serum IgG and IgA. Enteropathies are commonly observed in CVID patients but the underlying reason for this is undefined. Here, we utilize CD19−/− mice as a model of CVID to test the hypothesis that antibody deficiency negatively impacts gut physiology under steady-state conditions. As anticipated, immune phenotyping experiments demonstrate that CD19−/− mice develop a severe B cell deficiency in gut-associated lymphoid tissues that result in significant reductions to antibody concentrations in the gut lumen. Antibody deficiency was associated with defective anti-commensal IgA responses and the outgrowth of anaerobic bacteria in the gut. Expansion of anaerobic bacteria coincides with the development of a chronic inflammatory condition in the gut of CD19−/− mice that results in an intestinal malabsorption characterized by defects in lipid metabolism and transport. Administration of the antibiotic metronidazole to target anaerobic members of the microbiota rescues mice from disease indicating that intestinal malabsorption is a microbiota-dependent phenomenon. Finally, intestinal malabsorption in CD19−/− mice is a gluten-sensitive enteropathy as exposure to a gluten-free diet also significantly reduces disease severity in CD19−/− mice. Collectively, these results support an effect of antibody deficiency on steady-state gut physiology that compliment emerging data from human studies linking IgA deficiency with non-infectious complications associated with CVID. They also demonstrate that CD19−/− mice are a useful model for studying the role of B cell deficiency and gut dysbiosis on gluten-sensitive enteropathies; a rapidly emerging group of diseases in humans with an unknown etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Dawood Mohammed
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States.,School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Md A Wadud Khan
- Biology Department, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Ioulia Chatzistamou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Douja Chamseddine
- Biology Department, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Katie Williams-Kang
- Biology Department, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Mason Perry
- Biology Department, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Reilly Enos
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Angela Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Gregorio Gomez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ahmed Aladhami
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Carole A Oskeritzian
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Amy Jolly
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Yan Chang
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Shuqian He
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Zui Pan
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Jason L Kubinak
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
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19
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Franich NR, Basso M, André EA, Ochaba J, Kumar A, Thein S, Fote G, Kachemov M, Lau AL, Yeung SY, Osmand A, Zeitlin SO, Ratan RR, Thompson LM, Steffan JS. Striatal Mutant Huntingtin Protein Levels Decline with Age in Homozygous Huntington's Disease Knock-In Mouse Models. J Huntingtons Dis 2019; 7:137-150. [PMID: 29843246 PMCID: PMC6002862 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-170274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background: Huntington’s disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with aging, caused by an expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat within the Huntingtin (HTT) protein. In HD, degeneration of the striatum and atrophy of the cortex are observed while cerebellum is less affected. Objective: To test the hypothesis that HTT protein levels decline with age, which together with HTT mutation could influence disease progression. Methods: Using whole brain cell lysates, a unique method of SDS-PAGE and western analysis was used to quantitate HTT protein, which resolves as a monomer and as a high molecular weight species that is modulated by the presence of transglutaminase 2. HTT levels were measured in striatum, cortex and cerebellum in congenic homozygous Q140 and HdhQ150 knock-in mice and WT littermate controls. Results: Mutant HTT in both homozygous knock-in HD mouse models and WT HTT in control striatal and cortical tissues significantly declined in a progressive manner over time. Levels of mutant HTT in HD cerebellum remained high during aging. Conclusions: A general decline in mutant HTT levels in striatum and cortex is observed that may contribute to disease progression in homozygous knock-in HD mouse models through reduction of HTT function. In cerebellum, sustained levels of mutant HTT with aging may be protective to this tissue which is less overtly affected in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Franich
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Manuela Basso
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Emily A André
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Joseph Ochaba
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Amit Kumar
- Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY, USA.,Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neurology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Soe Thein
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Gianna Fote
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Marketta Kachemov
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alice L Lau
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sylvia Y Yeung
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Osmand
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Scott O Zeitlin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Rajiv R Ratan
- Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY, USA.,Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neurology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leslie M Thompson
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Institute of Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Joan S Steffan
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Institute of Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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20
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High frequency electrical stimulation promotes expression of extracellular matrix proteins from human astrocytes. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:4369-4375. [PMID: 31267326 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04890-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic benefits of deep brain stimulation (DBS), a neurosurgical treatment for certain movement disorders and other neurologic conditions, are well documented, but DBS mechanisms remain largely unexplained. DBS is thought to modulate pathological neural activity. However, although astrocytes, the most numerous cell type in the brain, play a significant role in neurotransmission, chemical homeostasis and synaptic plasticity, their role in DBS has not been fully examined. To investigate astrocytic function in DBS, we applied DBS-like high frequency electrical stimulation for 24 h to human astrocytes in vitro and analyzed single cell transcriptome mRNA profile. We found that DBS-like high frequency stimulation negatively impacts astrocyte metabolism and promotes the release of extracellular matrix (matricellular) proteins, including IGFBP3, GREM1, IGFBP5, THBS1, and PAPPA. Our results suggest that astrocytes are involved in the long-term modulation of extra cellular matrix environments and that they may influence persistent cell-to-cell interaction and help maintain neuromodulation over time.
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21
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Young D, Pedre B, Ezeriņa D, De Smet B, Lewandowska A, Tossounian MA, Bodra N, Huang J, Astolfi Rosado L, Van Breusegem F, Messens J. Protein Promiscuity in H 2O 2 Signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1285-1324. [PMID: 29635930 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Decrypting the cellular response to oxidative stress relies on a comprehensive understanding of the redox signaling pathways stimulated under oxidizing conditions. Redox signaling events can be divided into upstream sensing of oxidants, midstream redox signaling of protein function, and downstream transcriptional redox regulation. Recent Advances: A more and more accepted theory of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) signaling is that of a thiol peroxidase redox relay, whereby protein thiols with low reactivity toward H2O2 are instead oxidized through an oxidative relay with thiol peroxidases. CRITICAL ISSUES These ultrareactive thiol peroxidases are the upstream redox sensors, which form the first cellular port of call for H2O2. Not all redox-regulated interactions between thiol peroxidases and cellular proteins involve a transfer of oxidative equivalents, and the nature of redox signaling is further complicated through promiscuous functions of redox-regulated "moonlighting" proteins, of which the precise cellular role under oxidative stress can frequently be obscured by "polygamous" interactions. An ultimate goal of redox signaling is to initiate a rapid response, and in contrast to prokaryotic oxidant-responsive transcription factors, mammalian systems have developed redox signaling pathways, which intersect both with kinase-dependent activation of transcription factors, as well as direct oxidative regulation of transcription factors through peroxiredoxin (Prx) redox relays. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We highlight that both transcriptional regulation and cell fate can be modulated either through oxidative regulation of kinase pathways, or through distinct redox-dependent associations involving either Prxs or redox-responsive moonlighting proteins with functional promiscuity. These protein associations form systems of crossregulatory networks with multiple nodes of potential oxidative regulation for H2O2-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Young
- 1 Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium.,2 Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Brussels, Belgium.,3 Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Brandan Pedre
- 1 Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium.,2 Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Brussels, Belgium.,3 Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daria Ezeriņa
- 1 Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium.,2 Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Brussels, Belgium.,3 Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Barbara De Smet
- 1 Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium.,2 Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Brussels, Belgium.,3 Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,4 Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,5 Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aleksandra Lewandowska
- 1 Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium.,2 Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Brussels, Belgium.,3 Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,4 Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,5 Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maria-Armineh Tossounian
- 1 Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium.,2 Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Brussels, Belgium.,3 Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nandita Bodra
- 1 Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium.,2 Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Brussels, Belgium.,3 Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,4 Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,5 Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jingjing Huang
- 1 Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium.,2 Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Brussels, Belgium.,3 Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,4 Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,5 Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leonardo Astolfi Rosado
- 1 Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium.,2 Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Brussels, Belgium.,3 Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- 2 Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Brussels, Belgium.,4 Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,5 Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris Messens
- 1 Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium.,2 Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Brussels, Belgium.,3 Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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22
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Ferroptosis in Neurons and Cancer Cells Is Similar But Differentially Regulated by Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors. eNeuro 2019; 6:eN-NWR-0263-18. [PMID: 30783618 PMCID: PMC6378329 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0263-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptotic death is a mechanism for tumor suppression by pharmacological inhibitors that target the Xc− transporter (cystine/glutamate antiporter) in a host of non-CNS and CNS tumors. Inhibition of this transporter leads to reduction of cystine uptake, cyst(e)ine deprivation, subsequent depletion of the versatile antioxidant glutathione, and reactive lipid species-dependent death. Accordingly, pharmacological inhibitors of the Xc− transporter can also induce neuronal cell death raising concerns about toxicity in the CNS and PNS if these agents are used for chemotherapy. Here, we show that ferroptotic death induced by the canonical ferroptosis inducer erastin is similar in HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells and primary cortical neurons although cell death is mediated more potently in cancer cells. Reducing the toxicity of ferroptosis inducers will require, among other things, the identification of agents that protect neurons from ferroptosis but exacerbate it in tumor cells. Although we show that a number of agents known to block ferroptosis in primary mouse neurons also inhibit ferroptosis in fibrosarcoma cells, class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors selectively protect neurons while augmenting ferroptosis in cancer cells. Our results further suggest that cell death pathways induced by erastin in these two cell types are statistically identical to each other and identical to oxidative glutamate toxicity in neurons, where death is also mediated via inhibition of Xc− cystine transport. Together, these studies identify HDACs inhibitors as a novel class of agents to augment tumor suppression by ferroptosis induction and to minimize neuronal toxicity that could manifest as peripheral neuropathy or chemo brain.
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23
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Ratan RR. Does iron loading of oxygen-sensing prolyl hydroxylases rather than random Fenton-driven radical formation drive programmed ferroptosis and degeneration in neurological diseases? CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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24
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Yang E, Gavini K, Bhakta A, Dhanasekaran M, Khan I, Parameshwaran K. Streptozotocin induced hyperglycemia stimulates molecular signaling that promotes cell cycle reentry in mouse hippocampus. Life Sci 2018; 205:131-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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25
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Subcellular localization patterns of transglutaminase 2 in astrocytes and neurons are differentially altered by hypoxia. Neuroreport 2018; 28:1208-1214. [PMID: 28957946 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The multifunctional protein transglutaminase 2 (TG2) has been widely implicated as a modulator of cellular viability. Specifically, TG2 expression is beneficial to neuronal survival following an ischemic injury, whereas the opposite is true in astrocytes. Furthermore, its role in mediating cell death and survival processes has been suggested to be dependent on its subcellular localization. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the subcellular localization patterns of neuronal and astrocytic TG2 in ischemia-relevant conditions. We found that nuclear levels of TG2 were significantly increased in neurons, but reduced in astrocytes, in response to hypoxia. In addition, there were no changes in extracellular TG2 in astrocytes exposed to hypoxia. Thus, these findings demonstrate a difference in the subcellular localization pattern of TG2 in neurons and astrocytes in ischemia-relevant conditions and provide further avenues for investigation into the role of TG2 in mediating cellular viability.
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Shinde AV, Su Y, Palanski BA, Fujikura K, Garcia MJ, Frangogiannis NG. Pharmacologic inhibition of the enzymatic effects of tissue transglutaminase reduces cardiac fibrosis and attenuates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy following pressure overload. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 117:36-48. [PMID: 29481819 PMCID: PMC5892840 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tissue transglutaminase (tTG) is a multifunctional protein with a wide range of enzymatic and non-enzymatic functions. We have recently demonstrated that tTG expression is upregulated in the pressure-overloaded myocardium and exerts fibrogenic actions promoting diastolic dysfunction, while preventing chamber dilation. Our current investigation dissects the in vivo and in vitro roles of the enzymatic effects of tTG on fibrotic remodeling in pressure-overloaded myocardium. Using a mouse model of transverse aortic constriction, we demonstrated perivascular and interstitial tTG activation in the remodeling pressure-overloaded heart. tTG inhibition through administration of the selective small molecule tTG inhibitor ERW1041E attenuated left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and reduced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis in the pressure-overloaded heart, without affecting chamber dimensions and ejection fraction. In vivo, tTG inhibition markedly reduced myocardial collagen mRNA and protein levels and attenuated transcription of fibrosis-associated genes. In contrast, addition of exogenous recombinant tTG to fibroblast-populated collagen pads had no significant effects on collagen transcription, and instead increased synthesis of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)3 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)1 through transamidase-independent actions. However, enzymatic effects of matrix-bound tTG increased the thickness of pericellular collagen in fibroblast-populated pads. tTG exerts distinct enzymatic and non-enzymatic functions in the remodeling pressure-overloaded heart. The enzymatic effects of tTG are fibrogenic and promote diastolic dysfunction, but do not directly modulate the pro-fibrotic transcriptional program of fibroblasts. Targeting transamidase-dependent actions of tTG may be a promising therapeutic strategy in patients with heart failure and fibrosis-associated diastolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti V Shinde
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Ya Su
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Brad A Palanski
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Kana Fujikura
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Mario J Garcia
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.
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27
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Tripathy D, Vignoli B, Ramesh N, Polanco MJ, Coutelier M, Stephen CD, Canossa M, Monin ML, Aeschlimann P, Turberville S, Aeschlimann D, Schmahmann JD, Hadjivassiliou M, Durr A, Pandey UB, Pennuto M, Basso M. Mutations in TGM6 induce the unfolded protein response in SCA35. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:3749-3762. [PMID: 28934387 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 35 (SCA35) is a rare autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in the TGM6 gene, which codes for transglutaminase 6 (TG6). Mutations in TG6 induce cerebellar degeneration by an unknown mechanism. We identified seven patients bearing new mutations in TGM6. To gain insights into the molecular basis of mutant TG6-induced neurotoxicity, we analyzed all the seven new TG6 mutants and the five TG6 mutants previously linked to SCA35. We found that the wild-type (TG6-WT) protein mainly localized to the nucleus and perinuclear area, whereas five TG6 mutations showed nuclear depletion, increased accumulation in the perinuclear area, insolubility and loss of enzymatic function. Aberrant accumulation of these TG6 mutants in the perinuclear area led to activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), suggesting that specific TG6 mutants elicit an endoplasmic reticulum stress response. Mutations associated with activation of the UPR caused death of primary neurons and reduced the survival of novel Drosophila melanogaster models of SCA35. These results indicate that mutations differently impacting on TG6 function cause neuronal dysfunction and death through diverse mechanisms and highlight the UPR as a potential therapeutic target for patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasmita Tripathy
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Neurobiology, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento (TN), Italy
| | - Beatrice Vignoli
- Laboratory of Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento (TN), Italy
| | - Nandini Ramesh
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Maria Jose Polanco
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute Lab of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento (TN), Italy
| | - Marie Coutelier
- INSERM U 1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7225, UMRS 1127, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 06), Sorbonne Universités, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Christopher D Stephen
- Ataxia Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marco Canossa
- Laboratory of Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento (TN), Italy
| | - Marie-Lorraine Monin
- INSERM U 1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7225, UMRS 1127, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 06), Sorbonne Universités, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Pascale Aeschlimann
- Matrix Biology & Tissue Repair Research Unit, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Shannon Turberville
- Matrix Biology & Tissue Repair Research Unit, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Daniel Aeschlimann
- Matrix Biology & Tissue Repair Research Unit, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jeremy D Schmahmann
- Ataxia Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marios Hadjivassiliou
- Academic Department of Neurosciences, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Alexandra Durr
- INSERM U 1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7225, UMRS 1127, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 06), Sorbonne Universités, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Udai B Pandey
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Maria Pennuto
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute Lab of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento (TN), Italy
| | - Manuela Basso
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Neurobiology, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento (TN), Italy
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28
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Basso M, Chen HH, Tripathy D, Conte M, Apperley KYP, De Simone A, Keillor JW, Ratan R, Nebbioso A, Sarno F, Altucci L, Milelli A. Designing Dual Transglutaminase 2/Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Effective at Halting Neuronal Death. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:227-230. [PMID: 29286587 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years there has been a clear consensus that neurodegenerative conditions can be better treated through concurrent modulation of different targets. Herein we report that combined inhibition of transglutaminase 2 (TG2) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) synergistically protects against toxic stimuli mediated by glutamate. Based on these findings, we designed and synthesized a series of novel dual TG2-HDAC binding agents. Compound 3 [(E)-N-hydroxy-5-(3-(4-(3-oxo-3-(pyridin-3-yl)prop-1-en-1-yl)phenyl)thioureido)pentanamide] emerged as the most interesting of the series, being able to inhibit TG2 and HDACs both in vitro (TG2 IC50 =13.3±1.5 μm, HDAC1 IC50 =3.38±0.14 μm, HDAC6 IC50 =4.10±0.13 μm) and in cell-based assays. Furthermore, compound 3 does not exert any toxic effects in cortical neurons up to 50 μm and protects neurons against toxic insults induced by glutamate (5 mm) with an EC50 value of 3.7±0.5 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Basso
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive n. 9, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Huan Huan Chen
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921, Rimini, Italy
| | - Debasmita Tripathy
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive n. 9, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Kim Y P Apperley
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Angela De Simone
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921, Rimini, Italy
| | - Jeffrey W Keillor
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Rajiv Ratan
- Burke Medical Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, White Plains, NY, 10605, USA
| | - Angela Nebbioso
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia generale, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Napoli, Italy
| | - Federica Sarno
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia generale, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Napoli, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia generale, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Napoli, Italy
| | - Andrea Milelli
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921, Rimini, Italy
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29
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De Simone A, Bartolini M, Baschieri A, Apperley KYP, Chen HH, Guardigni M, Montanari S, Kobrlova T, Soukup O, Valgimigli L, Andrisano V, Keillor JW, Basso M, Milelli A. Hydroxy-substituted trans-cinnamoyl derivatives as multifunctional tools in the context of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:378-389. [PMID: 28810189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial pathology that requires multifaceted agents able to address its peculiar nature. In recent years, a plethora of proteins and biochemical pathways has been proposed as possible targets to counteract neurotoxicity. Although the complex scenario is not completely elucidated, close relationships are emerging among some of these actors. In particular, increasing evidence has shown that aggregation of amyloid beta (Aβ), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) and oxidative stress are strictly interconnected and their concomitant modulation may have a positive and synergic effect in contrasting AD-related impairments. We designed compound 3 which demonstrated the ability to inhibit both GSK-3β (IC50 = 24.36 ± 0.01 μM) and Aβ42 self-aggregation (IC50 = 9.0 ± 1.4 μM), to chelate copper (II) and to act as exceptionally strong radical scavenger (kinh = 6.8 ± 0.5 · 105 M-1s-1) even in phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 (kinh = 3.2 ± 0.5 · 105 M-1s-1). Importantly, compound 3 showed high-predicted blood-brain barrier permeability, did not exert any significant cytotoxic effects in immature cortical neurons up to 50 μM and showed neuroprotective properties at micromolar concentration against toxic insult induced by glutamate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela De Simone
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Manuela Bartolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Baschieri
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 11, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Kim Y P Apperley
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Huan Huan Chen
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Melissa Guardigni
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Serena Montanari
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Tereza Kobrlova
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Luca Valgimigli
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 11, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenza Andrisano
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Jeffrey W Keillor
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Manuela Basso
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Neurobiology, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Andrea Milelli
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy.
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30
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Microglia Endocytose Amyloid β Through the Binding of Transglutaminase 2 and Milk Fat Globule EGF Factor 8 Protein. Neurochem Res 2017; 43:41-49. [PMID: 28466190 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2284-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Activation of glial cells has been observed in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aggregation of amyloid β (Aβ) is profusely observed as characteristic pathology in AD brain. In our previous study using microglial cell line BV-2, tissue-type transglutaminase (TG2) was found to be involved in phagocytosis (Kawabe et al., in Neuroimmunomodulation 22(4):243-249, 2015; Kawabe et al., Neurochem Res 2017). In the present study, we examined whether TG2 and milk fat globule EGF factor 8 protein (MFG-E8), an adaptor protein promotes macrophage to engulf apoptotic cells, were involved in Aβ endocytosis. When the neuronal/glial mixed culture was stimulated freshly prepared Aβ1-42 for 3 days, the incorporation of Aβ was observed by immunofluorescence staining technique in Iba-1-positive microglia. Cystamine, a broad competitive inhibitor of TGs, suppressed it. When aggregated Aβ was added to the mixed culture, the immunoreactivity of MFG-E8 surrounding Aβ was observed, and then followed by microglial endocytosis. Using western blotting technique, MFG-E8 was detected in cell lysate of astrocyte culture, and was also detected in the medium. When microglia culture was incubated with astrocyte conditioned medium, MFG-E8 levels in microglia tended to increase. It is likely that microglia might utilize MFG-E8 released from astrocytes as well as that expressed in themselves in order to endocytose Aβ aggregation. Furthermore, we confirmed that MFG-E8 could bind with TG2 in microglia culture by immunoprecipitate technique. These results suggest that microglia might uptake Aβ as a complex of aggregated Aβ/MFG-E8/TG2.
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31
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Amphotericin B Increases Transglutaminase 2 Expression Associated with Upregulation of Endocytotic Activity in Mouse Microglial Cell Line BV-2. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:1488-1495. [PMID: 28224343 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Amphotericin B (AmB), a polyene antibiotic, is reported to cause the microglial activation to induce nitric oxide (NO) production and proinflammatory cytokines expression, and change neurotrophic factors expression in cultured microglia (Motoyoshi et al. in Neurochem Int 52:1290-1296, 2008). On the other hand, tissue-type transglutaminase (TG2) is involved in connection to phagocytes with apoptotic cells. Engulfment of neurons by activated microglia is thought to cause neurodegenerative diseases but detail is unclear, and involvement of TG2 in phagocytosis has been reported in our previous study using lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV-2 cells (Kawabe et al. in Neuroimmunomodulation 22(4):243-249, 2015). In the present study, we examined the changes of TG2 expression, phagocytosis and pinocytosis in BV-2 cells stimulated by AmB. AmB stimulation increased TG2 expression and TG activity. Phagocytosis of dead cells and pinocytosis of fluorescent microbeads were also up-regulated by AmB stimulation in BV-2 cells. Blockade of TG activity by cystamine, an inhibitor of TGs, suppressed AmB-enhanced TG2 expression, TG activity, NO production, phagocytosis and pinocytosis. Excessive NO production from microglia and/or facilitation of phagocytosis might be involved in neuronal death. To control TG activity might make possible to protect neurons and care for CNS diseases.
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32
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Indomethacin induced gene regulation in the rat hippocampus. Mol Brain 2015; 8:59. [PMID: 26438564 PMCID: PMC4595115 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-015-0150-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as indomethacin are widely used to treat inflammatory diseases and manage pain, fever and inflammation in several conditions, including neuropsychiatric disorders. Although they predominantly function by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) activity, important COX-independent actions also occur. These actions could be responsible for the adverse side effects associated with chronic and/or high dose usage of this popular drug class. RESULTS We examined gene regulation in the hippocampus after peripheral administration of indomethacin by employing a microarray approach. Secondary confirmation and the brain expression pattern of regulated genes was examined by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Transglutaminase 2, serum glucocorticoid inducible kinase, Inhibitor of NF-kappa B and vascular endothelial growth factor were among genes that were prominently upregulated, while G-protein coupled receptor 56 and neuropeptide Y were among genes that were downregulated by indomethacin. Co-localization studies using blood vessel markers revealed that transglutaminase 2 was induced specifically in brain vasculature. CONCLUSIONS The data demonstrate that COX-inhibitors can differentially regulate gene transcription in multiple, functionally distinctly cell types in the brain. The results provide additional insight into the molecular actions of COX-inhibitors and indicate that their effects on vasculature could influence cerebral blood flow mechanisms.
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Huang L, Xu AM, Liu W. Transglutaminase 2 in cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:2756-2776. [PMID: 26609482 PMCID: PMC4633903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The significant influence of tumor microenvironment on malignant cells has been investigated with enthusiasm in this era of targeted therapy. Transglutaminase 2 (TG2, EC 2.3.2.13), a multi-functional enzyme that catalyzes the formation of intermolecular isopeptide bonds between glutamine and lysine side-chains, has been reported to exert important pathophysiological functions. The aim of this review was to investigate the correlation between TG2 and malignant behaviors, which could provide the rationale for novel approaches in anti-cancer therapy. We performed a systematic and electronic search on Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science for relevant publications from inception to April 2015. The bibliographic references of retrieved articles were further reviewed for additional relevant studies. TG2 exerts important physiological functions and plays vital roles in inflammation mainly through its modulation on the structure and stability of extracellular matrix (ECM). It also regulates EMT of diverse malignant cells through various intracellular and extracellular pathways. TG2 also plays an important role in tumor progression and may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in various cancer types. TG2 promotes malignant cell mobility, invasion, and metastasis, and induces chemo-resistance of cancer cells, mainly through its pro-crosslink and signaling transduction mediation propensities. In conclusion, TG2 plays vital roles in malignancy progression, and may have important prognostic and therapeutic significances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
- Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
- Research Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, Heidelberg UniversityMannheim, Germany
| | - A-Man Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
- Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
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34
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Abstract
Microtubules give rise to intracellular structures with diverse morphologies and dynamics that are crucial for cell division, motility, and differentiation. They are decorated with abundant and chemically diverse posttranslational modifications that modulate their stability and interactions with cellular regulators. These modifications are important for the biogenesis and maintenance of complex microtubule arrays such as those found in spindles, cilia, neuronal processes, and platelets. Here we discuss the nature and subcellular distribution of these posttranslational marks whose patterns have been proposed to constitute a tubulin code that is interpreted by cellular effectors. We review the enzymes responsible for writing the tubulin code, explore their functional consequences, and identify outstanding challenges in deciphering the tubulin code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Yu
- From the Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, NINDS, and
| | - Christopher P Garnham
- From the Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, NINDS, and
| | - Antonina Roll-Mecak
- From the Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, NINDS, and NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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35
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Scaramuzzino C, Casci I, Parodi S, Lievens PMJ, Polanco MJ, Milioto C, Chivet M, Monaghan J, Mishra A, Badders N, Aggarwal T, Grunseich C, Sambataro F, Basso M, Fackelmayer FO, Taylor JP, Pandey UB, Pennuto M. Protein arginine methyltransferase 6 enhances polyglutamine-expanded androgen receptor function and toxicity in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Neuron 2015; 85:88-100. [PMID: 25569348 PMCID: PMC4305189 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Polyglutamine expansion in androgen receptor (AR) is responsible for spinobulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) that leads to selective loss of lower motor neurons. Using SBMA as a model, we explored the relationship between protein structure/function and neurodegeneration in polyglutamine diseases. We show here that protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) is a specific co-activator of normal and mutant AR and that the interaction of PRMT6 with AR is significantly enhanced in the AR mutant. AR and PRMT6 interaction occurs through the PRMT6 steroid receptor interaction motif, LXXLL, and the AR activating function 2 surface. AR transactivation requires PRMT6 catalytic activity and involves methylation of arginine residues at Akt consensus site motifs, which is mutually exclusive with serine phosphorylation by Akt. The enhanced interaction of PRMT6 and mutant AR leads to neurodegeneration in cell and fly models of SBMA. These findings demonstrate a direct role of arginine methylation in polyglutamine disease pathogenesis. PRMT6 is a coactivator of AR whose function is enhanced by polyglutamine expansion PRMT6 methylates the AR at the two Akt consensus site motifs RXRXXS AR arginine methylation by PRMT6 and phosphorylation by Akt are mutually exclusive PRMT6 enhances mutant AR toxicity in spinobulbar muscular atrophy cells and flies
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Scaramuzzino
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Ian Casci
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sara Parodi
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy; Neurogenetics Branch, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Patricia M J Lievens
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy; Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Maria J Polanco
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy; Dulbecco Telethon Institute Lab of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Carmelo Milioto
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy; Dulbecco Telethon Institute Lab of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Mathilde Chivet
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute Lab of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - John Monaghan
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Ashutosh Mishra
- St. Jude Proteomics Facility, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Nisha Badders
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Tanya Aggarwal
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Sambataro
- Brain Center for Motor and Social Cognition, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia@UniPR, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Manuela Basso
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Neurobiology, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Frank O Fackelmayer
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromosome Biology, Department of Biomedical Research, Institute for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - J Paul Taylor
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Udai Bhan Pandey
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Maria Pennuto
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy; Dulbecco Telethon Institute Lab of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy.
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Li PC, Jiao Y, Ding J, Chen YC, Cui Y, Qian C, Yang XY, Ju SH, Yao HH, Teng GJ. Cystamine improves functional recovery via axon remodeling and neuroprotection after stroke in mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2014; 21:231-40. [PMID: 25430473 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Stroke is a leading cause of disability. However, there is no pharmacological therapy available for promoting recovery. Although treatment of stroke with cystamine has gained increasing interest, the detailed mechanisms underlying this process remain elusive. Thus, our aim is to examine the effect of cystamine on the function recovery after stroke and investigate further cystamine mechanisms. METHODS Adult male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to photothrombotic model of focal stroke or sham operation. Cystamine or saline was administered intraperitoneally at 24 h after stroke. Functional recovery was analyzed using behavioral tests; axon remodeling was analyzed using magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and histological assessment. ANA-12, an antagonist of tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), was administrated to examine the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotection mediated by cystamine. RESULTS Treatment with cystamine resulted in amelioration of impaired function with concomitant enhancement of axonal remodeling. Cystamine treatment significantly increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and phosphorylation of TrkB in brain after stroke. Cystamine significantly enhanced neuronal progenitor cell proliferation, neuronal survival, and plasticity through BDNF/TrkB pathway. CONCLUSIONS These data provide evidence to investigate the promising utility of cystamine for therapy of stroke in a variety of ways, acting principally through BDNF/TrkB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Cheng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Aberrant calcium signaling by transglutaminase-mediated posttranslational modification of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E3966-75. [PMID: 25201980 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1409730111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) in the endoplasmic reticulum mediates calcium signaling that impinges on intracellular processes. IP3Rs are allosteric proteins comprising four subunits that form an ion channel activated by binding of IP3 at a distance. Defective allostery in IP3R is considered crucial to cellular dysfunction, but the specific mechanism remains unknown. Here we demonstrate that a pleiotropic enzyme transglutaminase type 2 targets the allosteric coupling domain of IP3R type 1 (IP3R1) and negatively regulates IP3R1-mediated calcium signaling and autophagy by locking the subunit configurations. The control point of this regulation is the covalent posttranslational modification of the Gln2746 residue that transglutaminase type 2 tethers to the adjacent subunit. Modification of Gln2746 and IP3R1 function was observed in Huntington disease models, suggesting a pathological role of this modification in the neurodegenerative disease. Our study reveals that cellular signaling is regulated by a new mode of posttranslational modification that chronically and enzymatically blocks allosteric changes in the ligand-gated channels that relate to disease states.
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38
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Oono M, Okado-Matsumoto A, Shodai A, Ido A, Ohta Y, Abe K, Ayaki T, Ito H, Takahashi R, Taniguchi N, Urushitani M. Transglutaminase 2 accelerates neuroinflammation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis through interaction with misfolded superoxide dismutase 1. J Neurochem 2013; 128:403-18. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miki Oono
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center; Shiga University of Medical Science; Otsu Shiga Japan
- Department of Neurology; Kyoto University Graduate school of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
| | | | - Akemi Shodai
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center; Shiga University of Medical Science; Otsu Shiga Japan
| | - Akemi Ido
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center; Shiga University of Medical Science; Otsu Shiga Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ohta
- Department of Neurology; Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Okayama Japan
| | - Koji Abe
- Department of Neurology; Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Okayama Japan
| | - Takashi Ayaki
- Department of Neurology; Kyoto University Graduate school of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
| | - Hidefumi Ito
- Department of Neurology; Wakayama Medical University; Graduate School of Medicine; Wakayama Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology; Kyoto University Graduate school of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
| | | | - Makoto Urushitani
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center; Shiga University of Medical Science; Otsu Shiga Japan
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Ribeiro M, Silva AC, Rodrigues J, Naia L, Rego AC. Oxidizing effects of exogenous stressors in Huntington's disease knock-in striatal cells--protective effect of cystamine and creatine. Toxicol Sci 2013; 136:487-99. [PMID: 24008831 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a polyglutamine-expansion disease associated to degeneration of striatal and cortical neurons. Previously, we showed that oxidative stress occurs in HD knock-in striatal cells, but little is known regarding cell antioxidant response against exogenous stimuli. Therefore, in the present study we analyzed cellular antioxidant profile following hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and staurosporine (STS) exposure and tested the protective effect of cystamine and creatine in striatal cells expressing mutant huntingtin with 111 glutamines (STHdh (Q111/Q111); mutant cells) versus wild-type cells (STHdh (Q7/Q7)). Mutant cells displayed increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase (XO) activities, reflecting lower superoxide cytosolic generation, along with increased superoxide dismutases (SODs) and components of glutathione redox cycle. Exposure to H2O2 and STS enhanced ROS in mutant cells and largely increased XO activity; STS further boosted the generation of mitochondrial ROS and caspase-3 activity. Both stimuli slightly increased SOD1 activity, without affecting SOD2 activity, and decreased glutathione reductase with a consequent rise in oxidized glutathione or glutathione disulfide in mutant cells, whereas H2O2 only increased glutathione peroxidase activity. Additionally, creatine and cystamine increased mutant cells viability and prevented ROS formation in HD cells subjected to H2O2 and STS. These results indicate that elevation of the antioxidant systems accompanies mitochondrial-driven ROS generation in mutant striatal cells and that exposure to noxious stimuli induces a higher susceptibility to oxidative stress by increasing XO activity and lowering the antioxidant response. Furthermore, creatine and cystamine are efficient in preventing H2O2- and STS-evoked ROS formation in HD striatal cells.
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40
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Speer RE, Karuppagounder SS, Basso M, Sleiman SF, Kumar A, Brand D, Smirnova N, Gazaryan I, Khim SJ, Ratan RR. Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylases as targets for neuroprotection by "antioxidant" metal chelators: From ferroptosis to stroke. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 62:26-36. [PMID: 23376032 PMCID: PMC4327984 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Neurologic conditions including stroke, Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, and Huntington disease are leading causes of death and long-term disability in the United States, and efforts to develop novel therapeutics for these conditions have historically had poor success in translating from bench to bedside. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α mediates a broad, evolutionarily conserved, endogenous adaptive program to hypoxia, and manipulation of components of the HIF pathway is neuroprotective in a number of human neurological diseases and experimental models. In this review, we discuss molecular components of one aspect of hypoxic adaptation in detail and provide perspective on which targets within this pathway seem to be ripest for preventing and repairing neurodegeneration. Further, we highlight the role of HIF prolyl hydroxylases as emerging targets for the salutary effects of metal chelators on ferroptosis in vitro as well in animal models of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Speer
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA
| | - Saravanan S Karuppagounder
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA
| | - Manuela Basso
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA
| | - Sama F Sleiman
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA
| | - David Brand
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA
| | - Natalya Smirnova
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA
| | - Irina Gazaryan
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA
| | - Soah J Khim
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA
| | - Rajiv R Ratan
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA.
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Song Y, Kirkpatrick LL, Schilling AB, Helseth DL, Chabot N, Keillor JW, Johnson GVW, Brady ST. Transglutaminase and polyamination of tubulin: posttranslational modification for stabilizing axonal microtubules. Neuron 2013; 78:109-23. [PMID: 23583110 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2013.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal microtubules support intracellular transport, facilitate axon growth, and form a basis for neuronal morphology. While microtubules in nonneuronal cells are depolymerized by cold, Ca(2+), or antimitotic drugs, neuronal microtubules are unusually stable. Such stability is important for normal axon growth and maintenance, while hyperstability may compromise neuronal function in aging and degeneration. Though mechanisms for stability are unclear, studies suggest that stable microtubules contain biochemically distinct tubulins that are more basic than conventional tubulins. Transglutaminase-catalyzed posttranslational incorporation of polyamines is one of the few modifications of intracellular proteins that add positive charges. Here we show that neuronal tubulin can be polyaminated by transglutaminase. Endogenous brain transglutaminase-catalyzed polyaminated tubulins have the biochemical characteristics of neuronal stable microtubules. Inhibiting polyamine synthesis or transglutaminase activity significantly decreases microtubule stability in vitro and in vivo. Together, these findings suggest that transglutaminase-catalyzed polyamination of tubulins stabilizes microtubules essential for unique neuronal structures and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Song
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Transglutaminase is a therapeutic target for oxidative stress, excitotoxicity and stroke: a new epigenetic kid on the CNS block. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2013; 33:809-18. [PMID: 23571278 PMCID: PMC3677119 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Transglutaminases (TGs) are multifunctional, calcium-dependent enzymes that have been recently implicated in stroke pathophysiology. Classically, these enzymes are thought to participate in cell injury and death in chronic neurodegenerative conditions via their ability to catalyze covalent, nondegradable crosslinks between proteins or to incorporate polyamines into protein substrates. Accumulating lines of inquiry indicate that specific TG isoforms can shuttle into the nucleus when they sense pathologic changes in calcium or oxidative stress, bind to chromatin and thereby transduce these changes into transcriptional repression of genes involved in metabolic or oxidant adaptation. Here, we review the evidence that supports principally a role for one isoform of this family, TG2, in cell injury and death associated with hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke. We also outline an evolving model in which TG2 is a critical mediator between pathologic signaling and epigenetic modifications that lead to gene repression. Accordingly, the salutary effects of TG inhibitors in stroke may derive from their ability to restore homeostasis by removing inappropriate deactivation of adaptive genetic programs by oxidative stress or extrasynaptic glutamate receptor signaling.
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S-nitrosylated SHP-2 contributes to NMDA receptor-mediated excitotoxicity in acute ischemic stroke. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:3137-42. [PMID: 23382182 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1215501110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) can cause neuronal damage, contributing to the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases and stroke (i.e., focal cerebral ischemia). NO can mediate neurotoxic effects at least in part via protein S-nitrosylation, a reaction that covalently attaches NO to a cysteine thiol (or thiolate anion) to form an S-nitrosothiol. Recently, the tyrosine phosphatase Src homology region 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP-2) and its downstream pathways have emerged as important mediators of cell survival. Here we report that in neurons and brain tissue NO can S-nitrosylate SHP-2 at its active site cysteine, forming S-nitrosylated SHP-2 (SNO-SHP-2). We found that NMDA exposure in vitro and transient focal cerebral ischemia in vivo resulted in increased levels of SNO-SHP-2. S-Nitrosylation of SHP-2 inhibited its phosphatase activity, blocking downstream activation of the neuroprotective physiological ERK1/2 pathway, thus increasing susceptibility to NMDA receptor-mediated excitotoxicity. These findings suggest that formation of SNO-SHP-2 represents a key chemical reaction contributing to excitotoxic damage in stroke and potentially other neurological disorders.
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Iannaccone M, Stefanile A, Vivo GD, Martin A, Serretiello E, Gentile V. Transglutaminase inhibition: A therapy to protect cells from death in neurodegeneration? World J Biol Chem 2012; 3:184-186. [PMID: 23193435 PMCID: PMC3508428 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v3.i11.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminases (TGs; E.C. 2.3.2.13) are ubiquitous enzymes which catalyze post-translational modifications of proteins. TGs and TG-catalyzed post-translational modifications of proteins have been shown to be involved in the molecular mechanisms responsible for several human diseases. In particular, TG activity has been hypothesized to also be involved also in the molecular mechanisms responsible for human neurodegenerative diseases. In support of this hypothesis, Basso et al recently demonstrated that the TG inhibition protects against oxidative stress-induced neuronal death, suggesting that multiple TG isoforms participate in oxidative stress-induced cell death and that nonselective TG isoform inhibitors will be most effective in fighting oxidative death in neurological disorders. In this commentary, we discuss the possible molecular mechanisms by which TG activity could be involved in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases, with particular reference to neurodegenerative diseases, and the possible involvement of multiple TG isoforms expressed simultaneously in the nervous system in these diseases. Moreover, therapeutic strategies based on the use of selective or nonselective TG inhibitors for the amelioration of the symptoms of patients with neurological diseases, characterized by aberrant TG activity, are also discussed.
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45
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Lee SS, Tsai CH, Kuan YH, Huang FM, Chang YC. The upregulation of transglutaminase-2 by cyclosporin a in human gingival fibroblasts is augmented by oxidative stress. J Periodontol 2012; 84:1469-75. [PMID: 23173828 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2012.120554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transglutaminase-2 (TGM-2) has been implicated in several fibrotic disorders and can be induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hence, the authors hypothesize that cyclosporin A (CsA) may regulate TGM-2 via ROS, and this regulation may have a role in the pathogenesis of CsA-induced gingival overgrowth. METHODS Cytotoxicity, 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assay, and Western blot were used to investigate the effects of CsA in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). In addition, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor PD98059, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002, glutathione precursor N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), curcumin, epigallocatechin-3 gallate (EGCG), and p38 inhibitor SB203580 were added to find the possible regulatory mechanisms. RESULTS Concentrations of CsA >500 ng/mL demonstrated cytotoxicity to HGFs (P < 0.05). CsA enhanced the generation of intracellular ROS at concentrations >200 ng/mL (P <0.05). TGM-2 protein induced by CsA was found in HGFs in a dose- and time-dependent manner (P <0.05). The addition of PD98059, LY294002, NAC, curcumin, EGCG, and SB203580 markedly inhibited TGM-2 expression induced by CsA (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that CsA significantly upregulates intracellular ROS generation and elevates TGM-2 expression in HGFs. In addition, TGM-2 induced by CsA is downregulated by PD98059, LY294002, NAC, curcumin, EGCG, and SB203580.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiuan-Shinn Lee
- School of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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