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Cagnetta R, Flanagan JG, Sonenberg N. Control of Selective mRNA Translation in Neuronal Subcellular Compartments in Health and Disease. J Neurosci 2023; 43:7247-7263. [PMID: 37914402 PMCID: PMC10621772 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2240-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In multiple cell types, mRNAs are transported to subcellular compartments, where local translation enables rapid, spatially localized, and specific responses to external stimuli. Mounting evidence has uncovered important roles played by local translation in vivo in axon survival, axon regeneration, and neural wiring, as well as strong links between dysregulation of local translation and neurologic disorders. Omic studies have revealed that >1000 mRNAs are present and can be selectively locally translated in the presynaptic and postsynaptic compartments from development to adulthood in vivo A large proportion of the locally translated mRNAs is specifically upregulated or downregulated in response to distinct extracellular signals. Given that the local translatome is large, selectively translated, and cue-specifically remodeled, a fundamental question concerns how selective translation is achieved locally. Here, we review the emerging regulatory mechanisms of local selective translation in neuronal subcellular compartments, their mRNA targets, and their orchestration. We discuss mechanisms of local selective translation that remain unexplored. Finally, we describe clinical implications and potential therapeutic strategies in light of the latest advances in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Cagnetta
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - John G Flanagan
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Nahum Sonenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
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2
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Patel P, Buchanan CN, Zdradzinski MD, Sahoo PK, Kar A, Lee S, Vaughn L, Urisman A, Oses-Prieto J, Dell’Orco M, Cassidy D, Costa I, Miller S, Thames E, Smith T, Burlingame A, Perrone-Bizzozero N, Twiss J. Intra-axonal translation of Khsrp mRNA slows axon regeneration by destabilizing localized mRNAs. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:5772-5792. [PMID: 35556128 PMCID: PMC9177972 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Axonally synthesized proteins support nerve regeneration through retrograde signaling and local growth mechanisms. RNA binding proteins (RBP) are needed for this and other aspects of post-transcriptional regulation of neuronal mRNAs, but only a limited number of axonal RBPs are known. We used targeted proteomics to profile RBPs in peripheral nerve axons. We detected 76 proteins with reported RNA binding activity in axoplasm, and levels of several change with axon injury and regeneration. RBPs with altered levels include KHSRP that decreases neurite outgrowth in developing CNS neurons. Axonal KHSRP levels rapidly increase after injury remaining elevated up to 28 days post axotomy. Khsrp mRNA localizes into axons and the rapid increase in axonal KHSRP is through local translation of Khsrp mRNA in axons. KHSRP can bind to mRNAs with 3'UTR AU-rich elements and targets those transcripts to the cytoplasmic exosome for degradation. KHSRP knockout mice show increased axonal levels of KHSRP target mRNAs, Gap43, Snap25, and Fubp1, following sciatic nerve injury and these mice show accelerated nerve regeneration in vivo. Together, our data indicate that axonal translation of the RNA binding protein Khsrp mRNA following nerve injury serves to promote decay of other axonal mRNAs and slow axon regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Courtney N Buchanan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Matthew D Zdradzinski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Pabitra K Sahoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Amar N Kar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Seung Joon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Lauren S Vaughn
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Anatoly Urisman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Juan Oses-Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michela Dell’Orco
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Devon E Cassidy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Irene Dalla Costa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Sharmina Miller
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Elizabeth Thames
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Terika P Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Alma L Burlingame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Nora Perrone-Bizzozero
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Jeffery L Twiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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3
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Chen JQ, Gao SQ, Luo L, Jiang ZY, Liang CF, He HY, Guo Y. Nonoxid-HMGB1 Attenuates Cognitive Impairment After Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:827585. [PMID: 35479959 PMCID: PMC9035677 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.827585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major global burden of health. As an accepted inflammatory mediator, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is found to be effective in facilitating neurogenesis and axonal regeneration. SH3RF2 (also known as POSHER), an E3 ligase SH3 domain-containing ring finger 2, belongs to the SH3RF family of proteins. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of redox states of HMGB1 on neurite outgrowth and regeneration both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, distinct recombinant HMGB1 redox isoforms were used. Sequencing for RNA-seq and data analysis were performed to find the potential downstream target of nonoxid-HMGB1 (3S-HMGB1). Protein changes and distribution of SH3RF2 were evaluated by western blot assays and immunofluorescence. Lentivirus and adeno-associated virus were used to regulate the expression of genes. Nonoxid-HMGB1-enriched exosomes were constructed and used to treat TBI rats. Neurological function was evaluated by OF test and NOR test. Results demonstrated that nonoxid-HMGB1 and fr-HMGB1, but not ds-HMGB1, promoted neurite outgrowth and axon elongation. RNA-seq and western blot assay indicated a significant increase of SH3RF2 in neurons after treated with nonoxid-HMGB1 or fr-HMGB1. Notably, the beneficial effects of nonoxid-HMGB1 were attenuated by downregulation of SH3RF2. Furthermore, nonoxid-HMGB1 ameliorated cognitive impairment in rats post-TBI via SH3RF2. Altogether, our experimental results suggest that one of the promoting neurite outgrowth and regeneration mechanisms of nonoxid-HMGB1 is mediated through the upregulated expression of SH3RF2. Nonoxid-HMGB1 is an attractive therapeutic candidate for the treatment of TBI.
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4
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Yang H, Andersson U, Brines M. Neurons Are a Primary Driver of Inflammation via Release of HMGB1. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102791. [PMID: 34685772 PMCID: PMC8535016 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent data show that activation of nociceptive (sensory) nerves turns on localized inflammation within the innervated area in a retrograde manner (antidromically), even in the absence of tissue injury or molecular markers of foreign invaders. This neuroinflammatory process is activated and sustained by the release of neuronal products, such as neuropeptides, with the subsequent amplification via recruitment of immunocompetent cells, including macrophages and lymphocytes. High mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) is a highly conserved, well characterized damage-associated molecular pattern molecule expressed by many cells, including nociceptors and is a marker of inflammatory diseases. In this review, we summarize recent evidence showing that neuronal HMGB1 is required for the development of neuroinflammation, as knock out limited to neurons or its neutralization via antibodies ameliorate injury in models of nerve injury and of arthritis. Further, the results of study show that HMGB1 is actively released during neuronal depolarization and thus plays a previously unrecognized key etiologic role in the initiation and amplification of neuroinflammation. Direct targeting of HMGB1 is a promising approach for novel anti-inflammatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yang
- Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA;
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (U.A.)
| | - Ulf Andersson
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (U.A.)
| | - Michael Brines
- Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA;
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5
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Mazzone SB, Yang SK, Keller JA, Simanauskaite J, Arikkatt J, Fogarty MJ, Moe AAK, Chen C, Trewella MW, Tian L, Ritchie ME, Chua BY, Phipps S, Short KR, McGovern AE. Modulation of Vagal Sensory Neurons via High Mobility Group Box-1 and Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products: Implications for Respiratory Viral Infections. Front Physiol 2021; 12:744812. [PMID: 34621188 PMCID: PMC8490771 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.744812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Vagal sensory neurons contribute to the symptoms and pathogenesis of inflammatory pulmonary diseases through processes that involve changes to their morphological and functional characteristics. The alarmin high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is an early mediator of pulmonary inflammation and can have actions on neurons in a range of inflammatory settings. We hypothesized that HMGB1 can regulate the growth and function of vagal sensory neurons and we set out to investigate this and the mechanisms involved. Culturing primary vagal sensory neurons from wildtype mice in the presence of HMGB1 significantly increased neurite outgrowth, while acute application of HMGB1 to isolated neurons under patch clamp electrophysiological investigation produced inward currents and enhanced action potential firing. Transcriptional analyses revealed the expression of the cognate HMGB1 receptors, Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products (RAGE) and Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4), in subsets of vagal sensory neurons. HMGB1-evoked growth and electrophysiological responses were significantly reduced in primary vagal sensory neurons harvested from RAGE deficient mice and completely absent in neurons from RAGE/TLR4 double deficient mice. Immunohistochemical analysis of vagal sensory neurons collected from mice after intranasal infection with murine pneumovirus or influenza A virus (IAV), or after intratracheal administration with the viral mimetic PolyI:C, revealed a significant increase in nuclear-to-cytoplasm translocation of HMGB1 compared to mock-inoculated mice. Neurons cultured from virus infected wildtype mice displayed a significant increase in neurite outgrowth, which was not observed for neurons from virus infected RAGE or RAGE/TLR4 deficient mice. These data suggest that HMGB1 can enhance vagal sensory neuron growth and excitability, acting primarily via sensory neuron RAGE. Activation of the HMGB1-RAGE axis in vagal sensory neurons could be an important mechanism leading to vagal hyperinnervation and hypersensitivity in chronic pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart B Mazzone
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Seung-Kwon Yang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Keller
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Juste Simanauskaite
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jaisy Arikkatt
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Matthew J Fogarty
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Aung Aung Kywe Moe
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Matthew W Trewella
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Luyi Tian
- Molecular Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew E Ritchie
- Molecular Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Brendan Y Chua
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon Phipps
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Kirsty R Short
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alice E McGovern
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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6
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Yang H, Zeng Q, Silverman HA, Gunasekaran M, George SJ, Devarajan A, Addorisio ME, Li J, Tsaava T, Shah V, Billiar TR, Wang H, Brines M, Andersson U, Pavlov VA, Chang EH, Chavan SS, Tracey KJ. HMGB1 released from nociceptors mediates inflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2102034118. [PMID: 34385304 PMCID: PMC8379951 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2102034118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, the body's primary defensive response system to injury and infection, is triggered by molecular signatures of microbes and tissue injury. These molecules also stimulate specialized sensory neurons, termed nociceptors. Activation of nociceptors mediates inflammation through antidromic release of neuropeptides into infected or injured tissue, producing neurogenic inflammation. Because HMGB1 is an important inflammatory mediator that is synthesized by neurons, we reasoned nociceptor release of HMGB1 might be a component of the neuroinflammatory response. In support of this possibility, we show here that transgenic nociceptors expressing channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) directly release HMGB1 in response to light stimulation. Additionally, HMGB1 expression in neurons was silenced by crossing synapsin-Cre (Syn-Cre) mice with floxed HMGB1 mice (HMGB1f/f). When these mice undergo sciatic nerve injury to activate neurogenic inflammation, they are protected from the development of cutaneous inflammation and allodynia as compared to wild-type controls. Syn-Cre/HMGB1fl/fl mice subjected to experimental collagen antibody-induced arthritis, a disease model in which nociceptor-dependent inflammation plays a significant pathological role, are protected from the development of allodynia and joint inflammation. Thus, nociceptor HMGB1 is required to mediate pain and inflammation during sciatic nerve injury and collagen antibody-induced arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yang
- Laboratory of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030;
| | - Qiong Zeng
- Laboratory of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030
| | - Harold A Silverman
- Laboratory of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030
| | - Manojkumar Gunasekaran
- Laboratory of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030
| | - Sam J George
- Laboratory of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030
| | - Alex Devarajan
- Laboratory of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030
| | - Meghan E Addorisio
- Laboratory of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030
| | - Jianhua Li
- Laboratory of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030
| | - Téa Tsaava
- Laboratory of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030
| | - Vivek Shah
- Laboratory of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Haichao Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030
| | - Michael Brines
- Laboratory of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030
| | - Ulf Andersson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valentin A Pavlov
- Laboratory of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY 11030
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549
| | - Eric H Chang
- Laboratory of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY 11030
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549
| | - Sangeeta S Chavan
- Laboratory of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030;
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY 11030
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549
| | - Kevin J Tracey
- Laboratory of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030;
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY 11030
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549
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7
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Lee SJ, Zdradzinski MD, Sahoo PK, Kar AN, Patel P, Kawaguchi R, Aguilar BJ, Lantz KD, McCain CR, Coppola G, Lu Q, Twiss JL. Selective axonal translation of the mRNA isoform encoding prenylated Cdc42 supports axon growth. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:237797. [PMID: 33674450 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.251967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The small Rho-family GTPase Cdc42 has long been known to have a role in cell motility and axon growth. The eukaryotic Ccd42 gene is alternatively spliced to generate mRNAs with two different 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) that encode proteins with distinct C-termini. The C-termini of these Cdc42 proteins include CaaX and CCaX motifs for post-translational prenylation and palmitoylation, respectively. Palmitoyl-Cdc42 protein was previously shown to contribute to dendrite maturation, while the prenyl-Cdc42 protein contributes to axon specification and its mRNA was detected in neurites. Here, we show that the mRNA encoding prenyl-Cdc42 isoform preferentially localizes into PNS axons and this localization selectively increases in vivo during peripheral nervous system (PNS) axon regeneration. Functional studies indicate that prenyl-Cdc42 increases axon length in a manner that requires axonal targeting of its mRNA, which, in turn, needs an intact C-terminal CaaX motif that can drive prenylation of the encoded protein. In contrast, palmitoyl-Cdc42 has no effect on axon growth but selectively increases dendrite length. Together, these data show that alternative splicing of the Cdc42 gene product generates an axon growth promoting, locally synthesized prenyl-Cdc42 protein. This article has an associated First Person interview with one of the co-first authors of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Joon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208USA
| | - Matthew D Zdradzinski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208USA
| | - Pabitra K Sahoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208USA
| | - Amar N Kar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208USA
| | - Priyanka Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208USA
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1761, USA
| | - Byron J Aguilar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Kelsey D Lantz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208USA
| | - Caylee R McCain
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208USA
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1761, USA.,Department of Neurology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1761, USA
| | - Qun Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Jeffery L Twiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208USA
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8
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Costa RO, Martins H, Martins LF, Cwetsch AW, Mele M, Pedro JR, Tomé D, Jeon NL, Cancedda L, Jaffrey SR, Almeida RD. Synaptogenesis Stimulates a Proteasome-Mediated Ribosome Reduction in Axons. Cell Rep 2020; 28:864-876.e6. [PMID: 31340150 PMCID: PMC6686882 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomes and a subset of cellular mRNAs are trafficked into axons of developing neurons. The axonal localization of translational machinery allows new proteins to be rapidly and locally synthesized during axonal growth and pathfinding. However, in mature neurons, axonal ribosomes are significantly reduced or even absent. The mechanism that elicits this removal is currently unknown. Here, we demonstrate that synapse formation is the trigger for ribosome reduction in mature axons. In vivo analysis shows that axonal ribosome levels decrease in rat brain at a developmental stage coincident with synapse formation. Next, we observe in vitro that different synaptogenic inducers trigger an overall decrease of ribosomal proteins and rRNA in the axons of spinal motor neurons. We further observe that this process is dependent on the ubiquitin-proteasome system but not on autophagy. Together, these data identify synaptogenesis as the long missing biological trigger that leads to ribosome disappearance during axonal maturation. The mechanism behind the striking loss of ribosomes from axons during neuronal maturation is unknown. Using in vivo and in vitro models, including neuron-muscle co-cultures and combining biochemistry and imaging techniques, Costa et al. demonstrate that synapse formation triggers ribosome reduction by a mechanism involving the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui O Costa
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Helena Martins
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís F Martins
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Andrzej W Cwetsch
- NBT - Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Miranda Mele
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana R Pedro
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diogo Tomé
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; iBiMED - Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Noo Li Jeon
- Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Laura Cancedda
- NBT - Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy; Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Roma, Italy
| | - Samie R Jaffrey
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ramiro D Almeida
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; iBiMED - Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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9
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Harrison BJ, Park JW, Gomes C, Petruska JC, Sapio MR, Iadarola MJ, Chariker JH, Rouchka EC. Detection of Differentially Expressed Cleavage Site Intervals Within 3' Untranslated Regions Using CSI-UTR Reveals Regulated Interaction Motifs. Front Genet 2019; 10:182. [PMID: 30915105 PMCID: PMC6422928 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The length of untranslated regions at the 3' end of transcripts (3'UTRs) is regulated by alternate polyadenylation (APA). 3'UTRs contain regions that harbor binding motifs for regulatory molecules. However, the mechanisms that coordinate the 3'UTR length of specific groups of transcripts are not well-understood. We therefore developed a method, CSI-UTR, that models 3'UTR structure as tandem segments between functional alternative-polyadenylation sites (termed cleavage site intervals-CSIs). This approach facilitated (1) profiling of 3'UTR isoform expression changes and (2) statistical enrichment of putative regulatory motifs. CSI-UTR analysis is UTR-annotation independent and can interrogate legacy data generated from standard RNA-Seq libraries. CSI-UTR identified a set of CSIs in human and rodent transcriptomes. Analysis of RNA-Seq datasets from neural tissue identified differential expression events within 3'UTRs not detected by standard gene-based differential expression analyses. Further, in many instances 3'UTR and CDS from the same gene were regulated differently. This modulation of motifs for RNA-interacting molecules with potential condition-dependent and tissue-specific RNA binding partners near the polyA signal and CSI junction may play a mechanistic role in the specificity of alternative polyadenylation. Source code, CSI BED files and example datasets are available at: https://github.com/UofLBioinformatics/CSI-UTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Harrison
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, United States.,Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Kentucky Biomedical Research Infrastructure Network Bioinformatics Core, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Juw Won Park
- Kentucky Biomedical Research Infrastructure Network Bioinformatics Core, Louisville, KY, United States.,Department of Computer Engineering and Computer Science, Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Cynthia Gomes
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Petruska
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Matthew R Sapio
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michael J Iadarola
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Julia H Chariker
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Kentucky Biomedical Research Infrastructure Network Bioinformatics Core, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Eric C Rouchka
- Kentucky Biomedical Research Infrastructure Network Bioinformatics Core, Louisville, KY, United States.,Department of Computer Engineering and Computer Science, Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
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10
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Shrestha S, Phay M, Kim HH, Pouladvand P, Lee SJ, Yoo S. Differential regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in sensory neuron axons by miRNA-206. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:374-383. [PMID: 30761261 PMCID: PMC6356166 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Distinct subcellular localization and subsequent translational control of 3′ UTR variants of mRNA encoding brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are critical for the development and plasticity of neurons. Although the processes that lead to preferential localization of BDNF have been well studied, it is still not clear how neurons ensure differential BDNF production in a spatial‐specific manner. Here, we identified that microRNA (miRNA)‐206 has the potential to specifically regulate BDNF with a long 3′ UTR without affecting its short 3′ UTR counterpart. Overexpression of miRNA‐206 in sensory neurons resulted in a 30% and 45% reduction of BDNF protein expression in the cell bodies and axons, respectively. The work described in the present study indicates that miRNAs can differentially and specifically regulate the expression of transcript variants with different localization patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Shrestha
- Nemours Biomedical Research Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children Wilmington DE USA.,Department of Biological Sciences University of Delaware Newark DE USA.,Gene Therapy Program Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Monichan Phay
- Nemours Biomedical Research Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children Wilmington DE USA.,Department of Biological Sciences University of Delaware Newark DE USA
| | - Hak Hee Kim
- Nemours Biomedical Research Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children Wilmington DE USA
| | - Pedram Pouladvand
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Delaware Newark DE USA.,Department of Biology Pennsylvania State University-Brandywine Media PA USA
| | - Seung Joon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences University of South Carolina Columbia SC USA
| | - Soonmoon Yoo
- Nemours Biomedical Research Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children Wilmington DE USA.,Department of Biological Sciences University of Delaware Newark DE USA
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11
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Kigerl KA, Lai W, Wallace LM, Yang H, Popovich PG. High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is increased in injured mouse spinal cord and can elicit neurotoxic inflammation. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 72:22-33. [PMID: 29175543 PMCID: PMC6681463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a ubiquitous but poorly understood consequence of spinal cord injury (SCI). The mechanisms controlling this response are unclear but culminate in the sequential activation of resident and recruited immune cells. Collectively, these cells can exert divergent effects on cell survival and tissue repair. HMGB1 is a ubiquitously expressed DNA binding protein and also a potent inflammatory stimulus. Necrotic cells release HGMB1, but HMGB1 also is actively secreted by inflammatory macrophages. A goal of this study was to quantify spatio-temporal patterns of cellular HMGB1 expression in a controlled mouse model of experimental SCI then determine the effects of HMGB1 on post-SCI neuroinflammation and recovery of function. We documented SCI-induced changes in nuclear and cytoplasmic distribution of HMGB1 in various cell types after SCI. The data reveal a time-dependent increase in HMGB1 mRNA and protein with protein reaching maximal levels 24-72 h post-injury then declining toward baseline 14-28 days post-SCI. Although most cells expressed nuclear HMGB1, reduced nuclear labeling with increased cytoplasmic expression was found in a subset of CNS macrophages suggesting that those cells begin to secrete HMGB1 at the injury site. In vitro data indicate that extracelluar HMGB1 helps promote the development of macrophages with a neurotoxic phenotype. The ability of HMGB1 to elicit neurotoxic macrophage functions was confirmed in vivo; 72 h after injecting 500 ng of recombinant HMGB1 into intact spinal cord ventral horn, inflammatory CNS macrophages co-localized with focal areas of neuronal killing. However, attempts to confer neuroprotection after SCI by blocking HMGB1 with a neutralizing antibody were unsuccessful. Collectively, these data implicate HMGB1 as a novel regulator of post-SCI inflammation and suggest that inhibition of HMGB1 could be a novel therapeutic target after SCI. Future studies will need to identify better methods to deliver optimal concentrations of HMGB1 antagonists to the injured spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina A. Kigerl
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Wenmin Lai
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lindsay M. Wallace
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Huan Yang
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Phillip G. Popovich
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA,corresponding author: Phillip G. Popovich, Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, 786 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 W. 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, (614) 688-8576,
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12
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Lee SJ, Oses-Prieto JA, Kawaguchi R, Sahoo PK, Kar AN, Rozenbaum M, Oliver D, Chand S, Ji H, Shtutman M, Miller-Randolph S, Taylor RJ, Fainzilber M, Coppola G, Burlingame AL, Twiss JL. hnRNPs Interacting with mRNA Localization Motifs Define Axonal RNA Regulons. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:2091-2106. [PMID: 30038033 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.000603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
mRNA translation in axons enables neurons to introduce new proteins at sites distant from their cell body. mRNA-protein interactions drive this post-transcriptional regulation, yet knowledge of RNA binding proteins (RBP) in axons is limited. Here we used proteomics to identify RBPs interacting with the axonal localizing motifs of Nrn1, Hmgb1, Actb, and Gap43 mRNAs, revealing many novel RBPs in axons. Interestingly, no RBP is shared between all four RNA motifs, suggesting graded and overlapping specificities of RBP-mRNA pairings. A systematic assessment of axonal mRNAs interacting with hnRNP H1, hnRNP F, and hnRNP K, proteins that bound with high specificity to Nrn1 and Hmgb1, revealed that axonal mRNAs segregate into axon growth-associated RNA regulons based on hnRNP interactions. Axotomy increases axonal transport of hnRNPs H1, F, and K, depletion of these hnRNPs decreases axon growth and reduces axonal mRNA levels and axonal protein synthesis. Thus, subcellular hnRNP-interacting RNA regulons support neuronal growth and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Joon Lee
- From the ‡Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208
| | - Juan A Oses-Prieto
- §Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- ¶Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Pabitra K Sahoo
- From the ‡Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208
| | - Amar N Kar
- From the ‡Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208
| | - Meir Rozenbaum
- ‖Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - David Oliver
- **Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208
| | - Shreya Chand
- §Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158
| | - Hao Ji
- **Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208
| | - Michael Shtutman
- **Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208
| | | | - Ross J Taylor
- From the ‡Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208
| | - Mike Fainzilber
- ‖Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- ¶Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095.,‡‡Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095
| | - Alma L Burlingame
- §Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158
| | - Jeffery L Twiss
- From the ‡Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208;
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13
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Wu XJ, Chen YY, Gong CC, Pei DS. The role of high-mobility group protein box 1 in lung cancer. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:6354-6365. [PMID: 29665052 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
High-mobility group protein box 1(HMGB1)is a ubiquitous highly conserved nuclear protein. Acting as a chromatin-binding factor, HMGB1 binds to DNA and plays an important role in stabilizing nucleosome formation, facilitating gene transcription, DNA repairing, inflammation, cell differentiation, and regulating the activity of steroid hormone receptors. Currently, HMGB1 is discovered to be related to development, progression, and targeted therapy of lung cancer, which makes it an attractive biomarker, and therapeutic target. This review aims to encapsulate the relationship between HMGB1 and lung cancer, suggesting that HMGB1 plays a pivotal role in initiation, development, invasion, metastasis, and prognosis of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jin Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chan-Chan Gong
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Pei
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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14
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Chuang CF, King CE, Ho BW, Chien KY, Chang YC. Unbiased Proteomic Study of the Axons of Cultured Rat Cortical Neurons. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:1953-1966. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kun-Yi Chien
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Clinical Proteomics Core Laboratory, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan
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15
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Gomes C, Lee SJ, Gardiner AS, Smith T, Sahoo PK, Patel P, Thames E, Rodriguez R, Taylor R, Yoo S, Heise T, Kar AN, Perrone-Bizzozero N, Twiss JL. Axonal localization of neuritin/CPG15 mRNA is limited by competition for HuD binding. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:3650-3662. [PMID: 28871047 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.201244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
HuD protein (also known as ELAVL4) has been shown to stabilize mRNAs with AU-rich elements (ARE) in their 3' untranslated regions (UTRs), including Gap43, which has been linked to axon growth. HuD also binds to neuritin (Nrn1) mRNA, whose 3'UTR contains ARE sequences. Although the Nrn1 3'UTR has been shown to mediate its axonal localization in embryonic hippocampal neurons, it is not active in adult dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Here, we asked why the 3'UTR is not sufficient to mediate the axonal localization of Nrn1 mRNA in DRG neurons. HuD overexpression increases the ability of the Nrn1 3'UTR to mediate axonal localizing in DRG neurons. HuD binds directly to the Nrn1 ARE with about a two-fold higher affinity than to the Gap43 ARE. Although the Nrn1 ARE can displace the Gap43 ARE from HuD binding, HuD binds to the full 3'UTR of Gap43 with higher affinity, such that higher levels of Nrn1 are needed to displace the Gap43 3'UTR. The Nrn1 3'UTR can mediate a higher level of axonal localization when endogenous Gap43 is depleted from DRG neurons. Taken together, our data indicate that endogenous Nrn1 and Gap43 mRNAs compete for binding to HuD for their axonal localization and activity of the Nrn1 3'UTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Gomes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Seung Joon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Amy S Gardiner
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Terika Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Pabitra K Sahoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Priyanka Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Elizabeth Thames
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Reycel Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Ross Taylor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Soonmoon Yoo
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Tilman Heise
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Amar N Kar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Nora Perrone-Bizzozero
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Jeffery L Twiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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16
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Simon DW, Aneja RK, Alexander H, Bell MJ, Bayır H, Kochanek PM, Clark RSB. Minocycline Attenuates High Mobility Group Box 1 Translocation, Microglial Activation, and Thalamic Neurodegeneration after Traumatic Brain Injury in Post-Natal Day 17 Rats. J Neurotrauma 2017; 35:130-138. [PMID: 28699371 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to cell injury, the danger signal high mobility group box-1 (HMGB) is released, activating macrophages by binding pattern recognition receptors. We investigated the role of the anti-inflammatory drug minocycline in attenuating HMGB1 translocation, microglial activation, and neuronal injury in a rat model of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI). Post-natal day 17 Sprague-Dawley rats underwent moderate-severe controlled cortical impact (CCI). Animals were randomized to treatment with minocycline (90 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) or vehicle (saline) at 10 min and 20 h after injury. Shams received anesthesia and craniotomy. We analyzed HMGB1 translocation (protein fractionation and Western blotting), microglial activation (Iba-1 immunohistochemistry), neuronal death (Fluoro-Jade-B [FJB] immunofluorescence), and neuronal cell counts (unbiased stereology). Behavioral assessments included motor and Morris-water maze testing. Nuclear to cytosolic translocation of HMGB1 in the injured brain was attenuated in minocycline versus vehicle-treated rats at 24 h (p < 0.001). Treatment with minocycline reduced microglial activation in the ipsilateral cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus (p < 0.05 vs. vehicle, all regions); attenuated neurodegeneration (FJB-positive neurons) at seven days (p < 0.05 vs. vehicle); and increased thalamic neuronal survival at 14 days (naïve 22773 ± 1012 cells/mm3, CCI + vehicle 11753 ± 464, CCI + minocycline 17047 ± 524; p < 0.001). Minocycline-treated rats demonstrated delayed motor recovery early after injury but had no injury effect on Morris-water maze whereas vehicle-treated rats performed worse than sham on the final two days of testing (both p < 0.05 vs. vehicle). Minocycline globally attenuated HMGB1 translocation and microglial activation in injured brain in a pediatric TBI model and afforded selective thalamic neuroprotection. The HMGB1 translocation and thalamic injury may represent novel mechanistic and regional therapeutic targets in pediatric TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis W Simon
- 1 Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,7 Department of Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rajesh K Aneja
- 1 Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Henry Alexander
- 7 Department of Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael J Bell
- 1 Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,3 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hülya Bayır
- 1 Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,5 Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Patrick M Kochanek
- 1 Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,4 Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,7 Department of Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert S B Clark
- 1 Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,4 Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,6 Department of Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,7 Department of Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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17
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Kar AN, Lee SJ, Twiss JL. Expanding Axonal Transcriptome Brings New Functions for Axonally Synthesized Proteins in Health and Disease. Neuroscientist 2017; 24:111-129. [PMID: 28593814 DOI: 10.1177/1073858417712668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intra-axonal protein synthesis has been shown to play critical roles in both development and repair of axons. Axons provide long-range connectivity in the nervous system, and disruption of their function and/or structure is seen in several neurological diseases and disorders. Axonally synthesized proteins or losses in axonally synthesized proteins contribute to neurodegenerative diseases, neuropathic pain, viral transport, and survival of axons. Increasing sensitivity of RNA detection and quantitation coupled with methods to isolate axons to purity has shown that a surprisingly complex transcriptome exists in axons. This extends across different species, neuronal populations, and physiological conditions. These studies have helped define the repertoire of neuronal mRNAs that can localize into axons and imply previously unrecognized functions for local translation in neurons. Here, we review the current state of transcriptomics studies of isolated axons, contrast axonal mRNA profiles between different neuronal types and growth states, and discuss how mRNA transport into and translation within axons contribute to neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar N Kar
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Seung Joon Lee
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Jeffery L Twiss
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,2 Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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18
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Messenger RNAs localized to distal projections of human stem cell derived neurons. Sci Rep 2017; 7:611. [PMID: 28377585 PMCID: PMC5428799 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00676-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of mRNAs in distal projections of model organisms has led to the discovery of multiple proteins that are locally synthesized for functional roles such as axon guidance, injury signaling and regeneration. The extent to which local protein synthesis is conserved in human neurons is unknown. Here we used compartmentalized microfluidic chambers to characterize the transcriptome of distal projections of human embryonic stem cells differentiated using a protocol which enriched for glutamatergic neurons (hESC-neurons). Using gene expression analysis, we identified mRNAs proportionally enriched in these projections, representing a functionally unique local transcriptome as compared to the human neuronal transcriptome inclusive of somata. Further, we found that the most abundant mRNAs within these hESC-neuron projections were functionally similar to the axonal transcriptome of rat cortical neurons. We confirmed the presence of two well characterized axonal mRNAs in model organisms, β-actin and GAP43, within hESC-neuron projections using multiplexed single molecule RNA-FISH. Additionally, we report the novel finding that oxytocin mRNA localized to these human projections and confirmed its localization using RNA-FISH. This new evaluation of mRNA within human projections provides an important resource for studying local mRNA translation and has the potential to reveal both conserved and unique translation dependent mechanisms.
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19
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Donlin-Asp PG, Rossoll W, Bassell GJ. Spatially and temporally regulating translation via mRNA-binding proteins in cellular and neuronal function. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:1508-1525. [PMID: 28295262 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Coordinated regulation of mRNA localization and local translation are essential steps in cellular asymmetry and function. It is increasingly evident that mRNA-binding proteins play critical functions in controlling the fate of mRNA, including when and where translation occurs. In this review, we discuss the robust and complex roles that mRNA-binding proteins play in the regulation of local translation that impact cellular function in vertebrates. First, we discuss the role of local translation in cellular polarity and possible links to vertebrate development and patterning. Next, we discuss the expanding role for local protein synthesis in neuronal development and function, with special focus on how a number of neurological diseases have given us insight into the importance of translational regulation. Finally, we discuss the ever-increasing set of tools to study regulated translation and how these tools will be vital in pushing forward and addressing the outstanding questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Donlin-Asp
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wilfried Rossoll
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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20
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Neural Progenitor Cells Promote Axonal Growth and Alter Axonal mRNA Localization in Adult Neurons. eNeuro 2017; 4:eN-NWR-0171-16. [PMID: 28197547 PMCID: PMC5291088 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0171-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory environment of the spinal cord and the intrinsic properties of neurons prevent regeneration of axons following CNS injury. However, both ascending and descending axons of the injured spinal cord have been shown to regenerate into grafts of embryonic neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Previous studies have shown that grafts composed of glial-restricted progenitors (GRPs) and neural-restricted progenitors (NRPs) can provide a permissive microenvironment for axon growth. We have used cocultures of adult rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons together with NPCs, which have shown significant enhancement of axon growth by embryonic rat GRP and GRPs/NRPs, both in coculture conditions and when DRGs are exposed to conditioned medium from the NPC cultures. This growth-promoting effect of NPC-conditioned medium was also seen in injury-conditioned neurons. DRGs cocultured with GRPs/NRPs showed altered expression of regeneration-associated genes at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. We found that levels of GAP-43 mRNA increased in DRG cell bodies and axons. However, hepcidin antimicrobial peptide (HAMP) mRNA decreased in the cell bodies of DRGs cocultured with GRPs/NRPs, which is distinct from the increase in cell body HAMP mRNA levels seen in DRGs after injury conditioning. Endogenous GAP-43 and β-actin mRNAs as well as reporter RNAs carrying axonally localizing 3'UTRs of these transcripts showed significantly increased levels in distal axons in the DRGs cocultured with GRPs/NRPs. These results indicate that axon growth promoted by NPCs is associated not only with enhanced transcription of growth-associated genes but also can increase localization of some mRNAs into growing axons.
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21
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Phay M, Kim HH, Yoo S. Analysis of piRNA-Like Small Non-coding RNAs Present in Axons of Adult Sensory Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 55:483-494. [PMID: 27966078 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0340-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) have been shown to play pivotal roles in spatiotemporal-specific gene regulation that is linked to many different biological functions. PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), typically 25-34-nucleotide long, are originally identified and thought to be restricted in germline cells. However, recent studies suggest that piRNAs associate with neuronal PIWI proteins, contributing to neuronal development and function. Here, we identify a cohort of piRNA-like sncRNAs (piLRNAs) in rat sciatic nerve axoplasm and directly contrast temporal changes of piLRNA levels in the nerve following injury, as compared with those in an uninjured nerve using deep sequencing. We find that 32 of a total of 53 annotated piLRNAs show significant changes in their levels in the regenerating nerve, suggesting that individual axonal piLRNAs may play important regulatory roles in local messenger RNA (mRNA) translation during regeneration. Bioinformatics and biochemical analyses show that these piLRNAs carry characteristic features of mammalian piRNAs, including sizes, a sequence bias for uracil at the 5'-end and a 2'-O-methylation at the 3'-end. Their axonal expression is directly visualized by fluorescence in situ hybridization in cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons as well as immunoprecipitation with MIWI. Further, depletion of MIWI protein using RNAi from cultured sensory neurons increases axon growth rates, decreases axon retraction after injury, and increases axon regrowth after injury. All these data suggest more general roles for MIWI/piLRNA pathway that could confer a unique advantage for coordinately altering the population of proteins generated in growth cones and axons of neurons by targeting mRNA cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monichan Phay
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Hak Hee Kim
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | - Soonmoon Yoo
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA. .,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
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22
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Nishida T, Tsubota M, Kawaishi Y, Yamanishi H, Kamitani N, Sekiguchi F, Ishikura H, Liu K, Nishibori M, Kawabata A. Involvement of high mobility group box 1 in the development and maintenance of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in rats. Toxicology 2016; 365:48-58. [PMID: 27474498 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Given that high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a nuclear protein, once released to the extracellular space, promotes nociception, we asked if inactivation of HMGB1 prevents or reverses chemotherapy-induced painful neuropathy in rats and also examined possible involvement of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the receptor for advanced glycation endproduct (RAGE), known as targets for HMGB1. Painful neuropathy was produced by repeated i.p. administration of paclitaxel or vincristine in rats. Nociceptive threshold was determined by the paw pressure method and/or von Frey test in the hindpaw. Tissue protein levels were determined by immunoblotting. Repeated i.p. administration of the anti-HMGB1-neutralizing antibody or recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (rhsTM), known to inactivate HMGB1, prevented the development of hyperalgesia and/or allodynia induced by paclitaxel or vincristine in rats. A single i.p. or intraplantar (i.pl.) administration of the antibody or rhsTM reversed the chemotherapy-induced neuropathy. A single i.pl. administration of a TLR4 antagonist or low molecular weight heparin, known to inhibit RAGE, attenuated the hyperalgesia caused by i.pl. HMGB1 and also the chemotherapy-induced painful neuropathy. Paclitaxel or vincristine treatment significantly decreased protein levels of HMGB1 in the dorsal root ganglia, but not sciatic nerves. HMGB1 thus participates in both development and maintenance of chemotherapy-induced painful neuropathy, in part through RAGE and TLR4. HMGB1 inactivation is considered useful to prevent and treat the chemotherapy-induced painful neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Nishida
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University (formerly Kinki University), Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan; Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Maho Tsubota
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University (formerly Kinki University), Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yudai Kawaishi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University (formerly Kinki University), Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamanishi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University (formerly Kinki University), Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Natsuki Kamitani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University (formerly Kinki University), Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Fumiko Sekiguchi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University (formerly Kinki University), Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Ishikura
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Keyue Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishibori
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Atsufumi Kawabata
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University (formerly Kinki University), Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
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23
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There and back again: coordinated transcription, translation and transport in axonal survival and regeneration. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2016; 39:62-8. [PMID: 27131422 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Neurons are highly polarized cells with axonal and dendritic projections that extend over long distances. Target-derived neurotrophins provide local axonal cues that function in developing neurons, while physical or chemical injuries to long axons initiate local environmental cues in mature neurons. In both instances initial responses at the location of stimulation or injury must be coordinated with changes in the transcriptional program and subsequent changes in axonal protein content. To achieve this coordination, intracellular signals move 'there and back again' between axons and the nucleus. Here, we review new findings on neuronal responses to growth factors and injury and highlight the coordination of transcription, translation and transport required to mediate communication between axons and cell bodies.
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24
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Korsak LIT, Mitchell ME, Shepard KA, Akins MR. Regulation of neuronal gene expression by local axonal translation. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2016; 4:16-25. [PMID: 27722035 DOI: 10.1007/s40142-016-0085-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
RNA localization is a key mechanism in the regulation of protein expression. In neurons, this includes the axonal transport of select mRNAs based on the recognition of axonal localization motifs in these RNAs by RNA binding proteins. Bioinformatic analyses of axonal RNAs suggest that selective inclusion of such localization motifs in mature mRNAs is one mechanism controlling the composition of the axonal transcriptome. The subsequent translation of axonal transcripts in response to specific stimuli provides precise spatiotemporal control of the axonal proteome. This axonal translation supports local phenomena including axon pathfinding, mitochondrial function, and synapse-specific plasticity. Axonal protein synthesis also provides transport machinery and signals for retrograde trafficking to the cell body to effect somatic changes including altering the transcriptional program. Here we review the remarkable progress made in recent years to identify and characterize these phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu I T Korsak
- Drexel University, PISB 312; 3245 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104,
| | - Molly E Mitchell
- Drexel University, PISB 312; 3245 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104,
| | | | - Michael R Akins
- Assistant Professor, Department of Biology, Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, Drexel University, PISB 319; 3245 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104,
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25
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Twiss JL, Merianda TT. Old dogs with new tricks: intra-axonal translation of nuclear proteins. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:1560-2. [PMID: 26692839 PMCID: PMC4660735 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.165264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery L Twiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA ; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tanuja T Merianda
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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26
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Abstract
Neurons are extremely polarized cells. Axon lengths often exceed the dimension of the neuronal cell body by several orders of magnitude. These extreme axonal lengths imply that neurons have mastered efficient mechanisms for long distance signaling between soma and synaptic terminal. These elaborate mechanisms are required for neuronal development and maintenance of the nervous system. Neurons can fine-tune long distance signaling through calcium wave propagation and bidirectional transport of proteins, vesicles, and mRNAs along microtubules. The signal transmission over extreme lengths also ensures that information about axon injury is communicated to the soma and allows for repair mechanisms to be engaged. This review focuses on the different mechanisms employed by neurons to signal over long axonal distances and how signals are interpreted in the soma, with an emphasis on proteomic studies. We also discuss how proteomic approaches could help further deciphering the signaling mechanisms operating over long distance in axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Saito
- From the ‡Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University in St Louis, School of Medicine, St Louis, 63110, Missouri
| | - Valeria Cavalli
- From the ‡Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University in St Louis, School of Medicine, St Louis, 63110, Missouri.
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