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Fan C, Sun J, Chen X, Luo W. Brain Stimulation of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortices Influences Impulsivity in Delay Discounting Choices. J Cogn Neurosci 2024; 36:1864-1878. [PMID: 38739570 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Intertemporal decision-making is pivotal for human interests and health. Recently, studies instructed participants to make intertemporal choices for both themselves and others, but the specific mechanisms are still debated. To address the issue, in the current study, the cost-unneeded conditions (i.e., "Self Immediately - Self Delay" and "Other Immediately - Other Delay" conditions) and the cost-needed conditions (i.e., "Self Immediately - Other Delay" and "Self Delay - Other Immediately" conditions) were set with the identity of OTHER being a stranger. We manipulated the magnitude of reward (Experiment 1) and disrupted the activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS; Experiment 2). We found that both the behavioral and rTMS manipulations increased smaller but sooner choice probability via reducing self-control function. The reduced self-control function elicited by rTMS affected both self- and other-related intertemporal choices via increasing the choice preference for smaller but sooner reward options, which may help people deeply understand the relationship between self- and other-related intertemporal choices in processing mechanism, especially when the OTHER condition is set as a stranger.
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Patel M, Braun JA, Henderson LA, Dawood T, Macefield VG. The effects of electrical stimulation of ventromedial prefrontal cortex on skin sympathetic nerve activity. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae235. [PMID: 38839074 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin sympathetic nerve activity (SSNA) is primarily involved in thermoregulation and emotional expression; however, the brain regions involved in the generation of SSNA are not completely understood. In recent years, our laboratory has shown that blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal intensity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) are positively correlated with bursts of SSNA during emotional arousal and increases in signal intensity in the vmPFC occurring with increases in spontaneous bursts of SSNA even in the resting state. We have recently shown that unilateral transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) of the dlPFC causes modulation of SSNA but given that the current was delivered between electrodes over the dlPFC and the nasion, it is possible that the effects were due to current acting on the vmPFC. To test this, we delivered tACS to target the right vmPFC or dlPFC and nasion and recorded SSNA in 11 healthy participants by inserting a tungsten microelectrode into the right common peroneal nerve. The similarity in SSNA modulation between ipsilateral vmPFC and dlPFC suggests that the ipsilateral vmPFC, rather than the dlPFC, may be causing the modulation of SSNA during ipsilateral dlPFC stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Patel
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Joe A Braun
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Luke A Henderson
- School of Medical Sciences (Neuroscience), Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, 94 Mallett Street, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Tye Dawood
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Vaughan G Macefield
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
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Miranda-Angulo AL, Sánchez-López JD, Vargas-Tejada DA, Hawkins-Caicedo V, Calderón JC, Gallo-Villegas J, Alzate-Restrepo JF, Suarez-Revelo JX, Castrillón G. Sympathovagal quotient and resting-state functional connectivity of control networks are related to gut Ruminococcaceae abundance in healthy men. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 164:107003. [PMID: 38471256 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heart rate variability (HRV), brain resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC), and gut microbiota (GM) are three recognized indicators of health status, whose relationship has not been characterized. We aimed to identify the GM genera and families related to HRV and rsFC, the interaction effect of HRV and rsFC on GM taxa abundance, and the mediation effect of diet on these relationships. METHODS Eighty-eight healthy, young Colombian men were included in this cross-sectional study. HRV metrics were extracted from 24-hour Holter monitoring data and the resting functional connectivity strength (FCS) of 15 networks were derived from functional magnetic resonance imaging. Gut microbiota composition was assessed using the sequences of the V3-V4 regions of the 16 S rRNA gene, and diet was evaluated using a food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the correlations between the independent variables (HRV metrics and FCS) and the dependent variables (GM taxa abundance or alpha diversity indexes). Mediation analyses were used to test the role of diet in the relationship between HRV and GM. RESULTS The sympathovagal quotient (SQ) and the FCS of control networks were positively correlated with the abundance of the gut Ruminococcaceae family and an unclassified Ruminococcaceae genus (Ruminococcaceae_unc). Additionally, the interaction between the FCS of the control network and SQ reduced the individual main effects on the Ruminococcaceae_unc abundance. Finally, reduced habitual fiber intake partially mediated the relationship between SQ and this genus. CONCLUSION Two indicators of self-regulation, HRV and the rsFC of control networks, are related to the abundance of gut microbiota taxa in healthy men. However, only HRV is related to habitual dietary intake; thus, HRV could serve as a marker of food choice and GM composition in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Miranda-Angulo
- Grupo de Investigación en Fisiología y Bioquímica (PHYSIS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-2, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Juan D Sánchez-López
- Grupo de Investigación en Fisiología y Bioquímica (PHYSIS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-2, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Daniel A Vargas-Tejada
- Grupo de Investigación en Fisiología y Bioquímica (PHYSIS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-2, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Valentina Hawkins-Caicedo
- Grupo de Investigación en Fisiología y Bioquímica (PHYSIS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-2, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan C Calderón
- Grupo de Investigación en Fisiología y Bioquímica (PHYSIS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-2, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jaime Gallo-Villegas
- Grupo de Investigación en Medicina Aplicada a la Actividad Física y el Deporte (GRINMADE), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-2, Medellín, Colombia; Centro Clínico y de Investigación SICOR, Calle 19 No. 42-40, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan F Alzate-Restrepo
- Centro Nacional de Secuenciación Genómica (CNSG), Sede de Investigación Universitaria (SIU), Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-2, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jazmin X Suarez-Revelo
- Grupo de Investigación en Imágenes SURA, Ayudas diagnósticas SURA, Carrera 48 No. 26-50, piso 2, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gabriel Castrillón
- Grupo de Investigación en Imágenes SURA, Ayudas diagnósticas SURA, Carrera 48 No. 26-50, piso 2, Medellín, Colombia; Department of Neuroradiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Maximiliansplatz 2, Erlangen, Germany
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Janet R, Smallwood J, Hutcherson CA, Plassmann H, Mckeown B, Tusche A. Body mass index-dependent shifts along large-scale gradients in human cortical organization explain dietary regulatory success. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314224121. [PMID: 38648482 PMCID: PMC11067012 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314224121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Making healthy dietary choices is essential for keeping weight within a normal range. Yet many people struggle with dietary self-control despite good intentions. What distinguishes neural processing in those who succeed or fail to implement healthy eating goals? Does this vary by weight status? To examine these questions, we utilized an analytical framework of gradients that characterize systematic spatial patterns of large-scale neural activity, which have the advantage of considering the entire suite of processes subserving self-control and potential regulatory tactics at the whole-brain level. Using an established laboratory food task capturing brain responses in natural and regulatory conditions (N = 123), we demonstrate that regulatory changes of dietary brain states in the gradient space predict individual differences in dietary success. Better regulators required smaller shifts in brain states to achieve larger goal-consistent changes in dietary behaviors, pointing toward efficient network organization. This pattern was most pronounced in individuals with lower weight status (low-BMI, body mass index) but absent in high-BMI individuals. Consistent with prior work, regulatory goals increased activity in frontoparietal brain circuits. However, this shift in brain states alone did not predict variance in dietary success. Instead, regulatory success emerged from combined changes along multiple gradients, showcasing the interplay of different large-scale brain networks subserving dietary control and possible regulatory strategies. Our results provide insights into how the brain might solve the problem of dietary control: Dietary success may be easier for people who adopt modes of large-scale brain activation that do not require significant reconfigurations across contexts and goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Janet
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ONK7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jonathan Smallwood
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ONK7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Cendri A. Hutcherson
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 2E5, Canada
- Department of Marketing, Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3E6, Canada
| | - Hilke Plassmann
- Marketing Area, INSEAD, FontainebleauF-77300, France
- Control-Interoception-Attention Team, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne University, Paris75013, France
| | - Bronte Mckeown
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ONK7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Anita Tusche
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ONK7L 3N6, Canada
- Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
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Bruno A, Lothmann K, Bludau S, Mohlberg H, Amunts K. New organizational principles and 3D cytoarchitectonic maps of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the human brain. FRONTIERS IN NEUROIMAGING 2024; 3:1339244. [PMID: 38455685 PMCID: PMC10917992 DOI: 10.3389/fnimg.2024.1339244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Areas of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) are part of the frontoparietal control, default mode, salience, and ventral attention networks. The DLPFC is involved in executive functions, like working memory, value encoding, attention, decision-making, and behavioral control. This functional heterogeneity is not reflected in existing neuroanatomical maps. For example, previous cytoarchitectonic studies have divided the DLPFC into two or four areas. Macroanatomical parcellations of this region rely on gyri and sulci, which are not congruent with cytoarchitectonic parcellations. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a microstructural analysis of the human DLPFC and 3D maps of cytoarchitectonic areas to help address the observed functional variability in studies of the DLPFC. We analyzed ten human post-mortem brains in serial cell-body stained brain sections and mapped areal boundaries using a statistical image analysis approach. Five new areas (i.e., SFG2, SFG3, SFG4, MFG4, and MFG5) were identified on the superior and middle frontal gyrus, i.e., regions corresponding to parts of Brodmann areas 9 and 46. Gray level index profiles were used to determine interregional cytoarchitectural differences. The five new areas were reconstructed in 3D, and probability maps were generated in commonly used reference spaces, considering the variability of areas in stereotaxic space. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed a high degree of similarity within the identified DLPFC areas while neighboring areas (frontal pole, Broca's region, area 8, and motoric areas) were separable. Comparisons with functional imaging studies revealed specific functional profiles of the DLPFC areas. Our results indicate that the new areas do not follow a simple organizational gradient assumption in the DLPFC. Instead, they are more similar to those of the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (Broca's areas 44, 45) and frontopolar areas (Fp1, Fp2) than to the more posterior areas. Within the DLPFC, the cytoarchitectonic similarities between areas do not seem to follow a simple anterior-to-posterior gradient either, but cluster along other principles. The new maps are part of the publicly available Julich Brain Atlas and provide a microstructural reference for existing and future imaging studies. Thus, our study represents a further step toward deciphering the structural-functional organization of the human prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Bruno
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kimberley Lothmann
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bludau
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Hartmut Mohlberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Kim MS, Pickering TA, Cotter DL, Fraga NR, Luo S, Won CY, Geffner ME, Herting MM. Neural Correlates of Obesity and Inflammation in Children and Adolescents with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia. Horm Res Paediatr 2024:000537847. [PMID: 38373413 PMCID: PMC11331025 DOI: 10.1159/000537847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency exhibit an increased prevalence of obesity from childhood including central adiposity and inflammation. There is also an emerging affected brain phenotype in CAH, with decreased cortico-limbic gray matter volumes and white matter abnormalities. We aimed to study the relationship between brain structure, obesity, and inflammation in children and adolescents with CAH compared to controls. METHODS 27 CAH (12.6±3.4y, 16 females) and 35 controls (13.0±2.8y, 20 females) had MRI of gray matter regions of interest [prefrontal cortex (PFC), amygdala, hippocampus] and white matter microstructure [fornix, stria terminalis (ST)]. Anthropometric measures and lab analytes were obtained. Relaimpo analyses (relative importance for linear regression; percent variance) identified which brain structures were most different between groups. Subsequent regressions further quantified the magnitude and direction of these relationships. Correlations analyzed relationships between brain structure, obesity, and inflammation in the context of CAH status. RESULTS PFC (13.3% variance) and its superior frontal (SF) subregion (14%) were most different between CAH and controls for gray matter; ST (16%) for white matter. Patients with CAH had lower caudal middle frontal [β = -0.56, (-0.96, -0.15)] and superior frontal [β = -0.58 (-0.92, -0.25)] subregion volumes, increased orientation dispersion index in the fornix [β = 0.56 (0.01, 1.10)] and ST [β = 0.85 (0.34, 1.36)], and decreased fractional anisotropy in the fornix [β = -0.91 (-1.42, -0.42)] and ST [β = -0.83 (-1.34, -0.33)] (all p's <0.05) indicating axonal disorganization, reduced myelin content, and/or higher microglial density within the affected white matter tracts. For the full cohort, SF was correlated with MCP-1 (r=-0.41), visceral adipose tissue (r=-0.25), and waist-to-height ratio (r=-0.27, all p's <0.05); ST was correlated with MCP-1 (r=0.31) and TNF-α (r= 0.29, all p's <0.05); however, after adjusting for CAH status, almost all correlations were attenuated for significance. CONCLUSIONS Relationships among key brain structures, body composition and inflammatory markers in pediatric patients with CAH could be largely driven by having CAH, with implications for obesity and neuroinflammation in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi S. Kim
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- The Saban Research Institute at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Trevor A. Pickering
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Devyn L. Cotter
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicole R. Fraga
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shan Luo
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cindy Y. Won
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mitchell E. Geffner
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- The Saban Research Institute at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Megan M. Herting
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Khalid I, Rodrigues B, Dreyfus H, Frileux S, Meissner K, Fossati P, Hare TA, Schmidt L. Mapping expectancy-based appetitive placebo effects onto the brain in women. Nat Commun 2024; 15:248. [PMID: 38172100 PMCID: PMC10764825 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44569-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Suggestions about hunger can generate placebo effects on hunger experiences. But, the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms are unknown. Here, we show in 255 women that hunger expectancies, induced by suggestion-based placebo interventions, determine hunger sensations and economic food choices. Functional magnetic resonance imaging in a subgroup (n = 57/255) provides evidence that the strength of expecting the placebo to decrease hunger moderates medial prefrontal cortex activation at the time of food choice and attenuates ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) responses to food value. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation linked to interference resolution formally mediates the suggestion-based placebo effects on hunger. A drift-diffusion model characterizes this effect by showing that the hunger suggestions bias participants' food choices and how much they weigh tastiness against the healthiness of food, which further moderates vmPFC-dlPFC psychophysiological interactions when participants expect decreased hunger. Thus, suggestion-induced beliefs about hunger shape hunger addressing economic choices through cognitive regulation of value computation within the prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraj Khalid
- Sorbonne University, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute - ICM, INSERM, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Belina Rodrigues
- Sorbonne University, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute - ICM, INSERM, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Hippolyte Dreyfus
- Sorbonne University, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute - ICM, INSERM, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Solène Frileux
- Sorbonne University, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute - ICM, INSERM, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Karin Meissner
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Division of Health Promotion, Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences and Health, Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Coburg, Germany
| | - Philippe Fossati
- Sorbonne University, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute - ICM, INSERM, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Adult Psychiatry Department, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Todd Anthony Hare
- Zürich Center for Neuroeconomics, Department of Economics, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Liane Schmidt
- Sorbonne University, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute - ICM, INSERM, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
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Matsunaga M, Ohtsubo Y, Ishii K, Tsuboi H, Suzuki K, Takagishi H. Association between internet addiction, brain structure, and social capital in adolescents. Soc Neurosci 2023; 18:355-364. [PMID: 37772408 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2023.2264543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Of late, internet addiction among adolescents has become a serious problem, with increased internet use. Previous research suggests that the more people become addicted to the internet, the more they isolate themselves from society. Conversely, it has been suggested that abundant social capital (the networks of relationships among people who live and work in a particular society) protects people from becoming addicted to the internet. This study focused on the brain structure of typical adolescents (10-18 years of age) and hypothesized that the size of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), which is thought to be associated with self-control ability, is associated with both internet addiction and social capital. Voxel-based morphometry analysis indicated that left DLPFC volume was negatively correlated with the severity of internet addiction and positively correlated with social capital. Furthermore, correlation analysis demonstrated that the severity of internet addiction and social capital were negatively correlated. The statistical association between them was no longer significant when left DLPFC volume was used as a control variable. These results suggest that the left DLPFC may mediate the relationship between social capital and internet addiction in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Matsunaga
- Department of Health and Psychosocial Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yohsuke Ohtsubo
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sociology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Keiko Ishii
- Department of Cognitive and Psychological Sciences, Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirohito Tsuboi
- Graduate School of Human Nursing, The University of Shiga Prefecture, Hikone, Japan
| | - Kohta Suzuki
- Department of Health and Psychosocial Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
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Wang Y, Tang L, Wang M, Wu G, Li W, Wang X, Wang J, Yang Z, Li X, Li Z, Chen Q, Zhang P, Wang Z. The role of functional and structural properties of the nucleus accumbens subregions in eating behavior regulation of bulimia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 2023; 56:2084-2095. [PMID: 37530570 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although studies have demonstrated the involvement of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in the neurobiology of eating disorders, its alterations in bulimia nervosa (BN) remain largely unknown. This study investigated the structural and functional properties of NAc in patients with BN. METHOD Based on the resting-state functional MRI and high-resolution anatomical T1-weighted imaging data acquired from 43 right-handed BN patients and 40 sex-, age- and education-matched right-handed healthy controls (HCs), the group differences in gray matter volume (GMV) and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) in slow-4 and -5 bands and functional connectivity (FC) of NAc subregions (core and shell) were compared. The relationships between MRI and clinical data were explored in the BN group. RESULTS Compared with HCs, BN patients showed preserved GMV, decreased fALFF in slow-5 band of the left NAc core and shell, decreased FC between left NAc core and right caudate, and increased FC between all NAc subregions and frontal regions, between all NAc subregions (except the right NAc core) and the supramarginal gyrus (SMG), and between right NAc shell and left middle temporal gyrus. FC between the NAc and SMG was correlated with emotional eating behaviors. DISCUSSION Our study revealed preserved GMV, local neuronal activity reduction and functional network reorganization of the NAc in BN. The functional network reorganization of the NAc mainly occurred in the frontal cortex and was correlated with emotional eating behavior. These findings may provide novel insights into the BN using NAc as an entry point. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE Although studies have demonstrated the involvement of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in the neurobiology of eating disorders, its alterations in bulimia nervosa (BN) remain largely unknown. We used a multimodal MRI technique to systematically investigate structural and functional alterations in NAc subregions of BN patients and explored the associations between such alterations and maladaptive eating behaviors, hoping to provide novel insights into BN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lirong Tang
- Beijing Anding Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Guowei Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Beijing Anding Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Jiani Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenghan Yang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Beijing Anding Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanjiang Li
- Beijing Anding Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenchang Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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10
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Luo S, Hsu E, Lawrence KE, Adise S, Pickering TA, Herting MM, Buchanan T, Page KA, Thompson PM. Associations among prenatal exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus, brain structure, and child adiposity markers. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:2699-2708. [PMID: 37840377 PMCID: PMC11025497 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of child brain structure in the relationship between prenatal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) exposure and child adiposity. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 9- to 10-year-old participants and siblings across the US. Data were obtained from the baseline assessment of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study®. Brain structure was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging. GDM exposure was self-reported, and discordance for GDM exposure within biological siblings was identified. Mixed effects and mediation models were used to examine associations among prenatal GDM exposure, brain structure, and adiposity markers with sociodemographic covariates. RESULTS The sample included 8521 children (7% GDM-exposed), among whom there were 28 sibling pairs discordant for GDM exposure. Across the entire study sample, prenatal exposure to GDM was associated with lower global and regional cortical gray matter volume (GMV) in the bilateral rostral middle frontal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus. GDM-exposed siblings also demonstrated lower global cortical GMV than unexposed siblings. Global cortical GMV partially mediated the associations between prenatal GDM exposure and child adiposity markers. CONCLUSIONS The results identify brain markers of prenatal GDM exposure and suggest that low cortical GMV may explain increased obesity risk for offspring prenatally exposed to GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Luo
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eustace Hsu
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Katherine E. Lawrence
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shana Adise
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Division of Research on Children, Youth, and Families, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Trevor A. Pickering
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Megan M. Herting
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Thomas Buchanan
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kathleen A. Page
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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11
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Carnell S, Thapaliya G, Jansen E, Chen L. Biobehavioral susceptibility for obesity in childhood: Behavioral, genetic and neuroimaging studies of appetite. Physiol Behav 2023; 271:114313. [PMID: 37544571 PMCID: PMC10591980 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Modern food environments are conducive to overeating and weight gain, but not everyone develops obesity. One reason for this may be that individuals differ in appetitive characteristics, or traits, that manifest early in life and go on to influence their behavioral susceptibility to gain and maintain excess weight. Classic studies showing that eating behavior in children can be measured by behavioral paradigms such as tests of caloric compensation and eating in the absence of hunger inspired the development and validation of psychometric instruments to assess appetitive characteristics in children and infants. A large body of evidence now suggests that food approach traits increase obesity risk, while food avoidant traits, such as satiety responsiveness, decrease obesity risk. Twin studies and genetic association studies have demonstrated that appetitive characteristics are heritable, consistent with a biological etiology. However, family environment factors are also influential, with mounting evidence suggesting that genetic and environmental risk factors interact and correlate with consequences for child eating behavior and weight. Further, neuroimaging studies are revealing that individual differences in responses to visual food cues, as well as to small tastes and larger amounts of food, across a number of brain regions involved in reward/motivation, cognitive control and other functions, may contribute to individual variation in appetitive behavior. Growing evidence also suggests that variation on psychometric measures of appetite is associated with regional differences in brain structure, and differential patterns of resting state functional connectivity. Large prospective studies beginning in infancy promise to enrich our understanding of neural and other biological underpinnings of appetite and obesity development in early life, and how the interplay between genetic and environmental factors affects appetitive systems. The biobehavioral susceptibility model of obesity development and maintenance outlined in this narrative review has implications for prevention and treatment of obesity in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Carnell
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA.
| | - Gita Thapaliya
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Elena Jansen
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Liuyi Chen
- Division of Psychiatric Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA
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12
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Wang Y, Tang L, Wang M, Li W, Wang X, Wang J, Chen Q, Yang Z, Li X, Li Z, Wu G, Zhang P, Wang Z. Alterations of interhemispheric functional homotopic connectivity and corpus callosum microstructure in bulimia nervosa. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2023; 13:7077-7091. [PMID: 37869275 PMCID: PMC10585539 DOI: 10.21037/qims-23-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence indicates maladaptive neural information interactions between different brain regions underlie bulimia nervosa (BN). However, little is known about the alterations in interhemispheric communication of BN, which is facilitated by the corpus callosum (CC), the major commissural fiber connecting the two hemispheres. To shed light on the interhemispheric communications in BN, the present study aims to explore alterations of interhemispheric homotopic functional connectivity and the CC microstructure in BN. Methods Based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data collected from 42 BN patients and 38 healthy controls (HCs), the group differences of voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) index and CC white matter microstructure were compared. Then brain regions with significant group differences in VMHC were selected as seeds for subsequent functional connectivity (FC) analysis. Seed-based fiber tracking and correlation analysis were used to analyze the relationship between VMHC and CC changes. And correlation analysis was used to reveal the correlation between abnormal imaging variables and the clinical features of BN. Results Compared with HCs, the BN group showed decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) in middle part of CC (CCMid) and increased VMHC in bilateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and middle temporal gyrus (MTG) [false discovery rate (FDR) correction with a corrected threshold of P<0.05]. Subsequent FC analyses indicated increased FC between left OFC and right OFC, bilateral MTG, left middle occipital gyrus and right precuneus (PCUN); between right OFC and left cerebellum crus II and right PCUN; and between left MTG and right inferior temporal gyrus, right cerebellum lobule VI and right medial superior frontal gyrus (FDR correction with a corrected threshold of P<0.05). The VMHC values of OFC and MTG showed no correlations with FA values of the CCMid and the white fibers between the bilateral OFC and MTG were not through the CCMid. In addition, several regions with abnormal FC had a potential correlation trend with abnormal eating behaviors in BN patients (P<0.05, uncorrected). Conclusions Aberrant interhemispheric homotopic functional connectivity and CC microstructure were observed in BN, and they may be independent of each other. Regions with aberrant interhemispheric homotopic functional connectivity showed hyperconnectivity with regions related to reward processing, body shape perception, and self-reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lirong Tang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiani Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenghan Yang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanjiang Li
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guowei Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenchang Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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13
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Wong R, Sesa-Ashton G, Datta S, McCarthy B, Henderson LA, Dawood T, Macefield VG. The role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in control of skin sympathetic nerve activity in humans. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:8265-8272. [PMID: 37143172 PMCID: PMC10558060 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is primarily involved in higher order executive functions, with there being evidence of lateralization. Brain imaging studies have revealed its link to the generation of skin sympathetic nerve activity (SSNA), which is elevated in states of emotional arousal or anxiety. However, no studies have directly explored dlPFC influences on SSNA. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (-2 to 2 mA, 0.08 Hz, 100 cycles) was applied between the left or right dlPFC and nasion via surface electrodes. Spontaneous bursts of SSNA were recorded from the common peroneal nerve via a tungsten microelectrode in 21 healthy participants. The modulation index was calculated for each stimulation paradigm by constructing cross-correlation histograms between SSNA and the sinusoidal stimulus. Stimulation of the dlPFC caused significant modulation of SSNA, but there was no significant difference in the median modulation index across sides. Stimulation also caused cyclic modulation of skin blood flow and sweat release. We have shown for the first time that stimulation of the dlPFC causes modulation of SSNA, also reflected in the effector-organ responses. This supports a role for the dlPFC in the control of SSNA, which likely contributes to the ability of emotions to bring about cutaneous vasoconstriction and sweat release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Wong
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Sudipta Datta
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brendan McCarthy
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Luke A Henderson
- School of Medical Sciences (Neuroscience), Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tye Dawood
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Vaughan G Macefield
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, VIC, Australia
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14
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Ntoumanis I, Davydova A, Sheronova J, Panidi K, Kosonogov V, Shestakova AN, Jääskeläinen IP, Klucharev V. Neural mechanisms of expert persuasion on willingness to pay for sugar. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1147140. [PMID: 36992860 PMCID: PMC10040640 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1147140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Sugar consumption is associated with many negative health consequences. It is, therefore, important to understand what can effectively influence individuals to consume less sugar. We recently showed that a healthy eating call by a health expert can significantly decrease the willingness to pay (WTP) for sugar-containing food. Here, we investigate which aspects of neural responses to the same healthy eating call can predict the efficacy of expert persuasion.Methods: Forty-five healthy participants performed two blocks of a bidding task, in which they had to bid on sugar-containing, sugar-free and non-edible products, while their electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. In between the two blocks, they listened to a healthy eating call by a nutritionist emphasizing the risks of sugar consumption.Results: We found that after listening to the healthy eating call, participants significantly decreased their WTP for sugar-containing products. Moreover, a higher intersubject correlation of EEG (a measure of engagement) during listening to the healthy eating call resulted in a larger decrease in WTP for sugar-containing food. Whether or not a participant’s valuation of a product was highly influenced by the healthy eating call could also be predicted by spatiotemporal patterns of EEG responses to the healthy eating call, using a machine learning classification model. Finally, the healthy eating call increased the amplitude of the P300 component of the visual event-related potential in response to sugar-containing food.Disussion: Overall, our results shed light on the neural basis of expert persuasion and demonstrate that EEG is a powerful tool to design and assess health-related advertisements before they are released to the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Ntoumanis
- International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Ioannis Ntoumanis
| | - Alina Davydova
- International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Julia Sheronova
- International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ksenia Panidi
- International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Kosonogov
- International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna N. Shestakova
- International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Iiro P. Jääskeläinen
- International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Vasily Klucharev
- International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
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15
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Fatakdawala I, Ayaz H, Safati AB, Sakib MN, Hall PA. Effects of prefrontal theta burst stimulation on neuronal activity and subsequent eating behavior: an interleaved rTMS and fNIRS study. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2023; 18:6146114. [PMID: 33615370 PMCID: PMC10074772 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsab023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) are both important nodes for self-control and decision-making but through separable processes (cognitive control vs evaluative processing). This study aimed to examine the effects of excitatory brain stimulation [intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS)] targeting the dlPFC and dmPFC on eating behavior. iTBS was hypothesized to decrease consumption of appetitive snack foods, via enhanced interference control for dlPFC stimulation and reduced delay discounting (DD) for dmPFC stimulation. Using a single-blinded, between-subjects design, participants (N = 43) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (i) iTBS targeting the left dlPFC, (ii) iTBS targeting bilateral dmPFC or (iii) sham. Participants then completed two cognitive tasks (DD and Flanker), followed by a bogus taste test. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy imaging revealed that increases in the medial prefrontal cortex activity were evident in the dmPFC stimulation group during the DD task; likewise, a neural efficiency effect was observed in the dlPFC stimulation group during the Flanker. Gender significantly moderated during the taste test, with females in the dmPFC showing paradoxical increases in food consumption compared to sham. Findings suggest that amplification of evaluative processing may facilitate eating indulgence when preponderant social cues are permissive and food is appetitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris Fatakdawala
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, CA, ON, Canada
| | - Hasan Ayaz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Drexel Solutions Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adrian B Safati
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, CA, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammad N Sakib
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, CA, ON, Canada
| | - Peter A Hall
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, CA, ON, Canada.,Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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16
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Wilson DJ, HajiHosseini A, Hutcherson CA. Recruitment of dlPFC during dietary self-regulation predicts the transience of regulatory effects. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2023; 18:6321970. [PMID: 34265063 PMCID: PMC10074768 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsab088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work on the cognitive regulation of dietary decision-making suggests that regulation can alter both the choices that people make in the moment and longer-lasting preferences. However, it is unclear what mechanisms lead to temporary or lingering changes. To address this question, we used fMRI during a task employing the cognitive regulation of food choice and assessed changes in food preference from baseline to post-regulation. We found evidence that regulation may result in a temporary reconfiguration of the neural drivers of choice, de-emphasizing goal-inconsistent value-related computations in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and resulting in more goal-consistent changes in value-related computations in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). Moreover, we find that the extent to which the dlPFC was recruited to represent different regulatory goals during the moment of choice negatively predicted the extent to which those regulatory goals produced lingering changes in preference. Our results suggest that the recruitment of the dlPFC in the service of regulation may have a downside: it is effective at changing behavior in the moment, but its effects on preferences are transient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Wilson
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | | | - Cendri A Hutcherson
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada.,Department of Marketing, Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
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17
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Functional connectivity based brain signatures of behavioral regulation in children with ADHD, DCD, and ADHD-DCD. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:85-94. [PMID: 34937602 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421001449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral regulation problems have been associated with daily-life and mental health challenges in children with neurodevelopmental conditions such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and developmental coordination disorder (DCD). Here, we investigated transdiagnostic brain signatures associated with behavioral regulation. Resting-state fMRI data were collected from 115 children (31 typically developing (TD), 35 ADHD, 21 DCD, 28 ADHD-DCD) aged 7-17 years. Behavioral regulation was measured using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function and was found to differ between children with ADHD (i.e., children with ADHD and ADHD-DCD) and without ADHD (i.e., TD children and children with DCD). Functional connectivity (FC) maps were computed for 10 regions of interest and FC maps were tested for correlations with behavioral regulation scores. Across the entire sample, greater behavioral regulation problems were associated with stronger negative FC within prefrontal pathways and visual reward pathways, as well as with weaker positive FC in frontostriatal reward pathways. These findings significantly increase our knowledge on FC in children with and without ADHD and highlight the potential of FC as brain-based signatures of behavioral regulation across children with differing neurodevelopmental conditions.
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18
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Rodrigues B, Portugal-Nunes C, Magalhães R, Schmidt L, Moreira PS, Soares JM, Castanho TC, Marques P, Sousa N, Santos NC. Larger dlPFC and vmPFC grey matter volumes are associated with high adherence to the Mediterranean diet: A cross-sectional study in older adults. AGING BRAIN 2023; 3:100064. [PMID: 36911265 PMCID: PMC9997170 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2023.100064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary self-control is associated with inter-individual differences in neuroanatomy. Yet, whether such inter-individual differences are also associated with healthier dietary patterns is yet to be determined. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 100 northern Portuguese older community-dwellers were assessed with regards to i) the adherence to a healthy dietary eating pattern - the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), and ii) grey matter density (GMD) of brain regions associated with valuation and dietary self-regulation, the ventromedial (vmPFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), through voxel-based morphometry. Healthy food choices were ascertained through the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) where higher scores indicated greater adherence to the MedDiet. Voxel-based morphometry showed that greater grey matter density in the dlPFC and vmPFC associated with a higher adherence to the MedDiet. These results replicate previous links between dietary decision-making measured under laboratory conditions and the neuroanatomy of the brain's valuation and self-control system. Importantly, they shed new light on the potential relevance of inter-individual differences in the neuroanatomy of these two brain regions for adhering to healthier dietary patterns in everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belina Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Carlos Portugal-Nunes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Magalhães
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Liane Schmidt
- Control-Interoception-Attention (CIA) Team, Paris Brain Institute, Inserm/CNRS/Sorbonne University, UMR 7225/U1127, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Pedro Silva Moreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - José Miguel Soares
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Teresa Costa Castanho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal.,Association P5 Digital Medical Centre, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Paulo Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal.,Association P5 Digital Medical Centre, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Nadine Correia Santos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal.,Association P5 Digital Medical Centre, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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19
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Guizar Rosales E, Baumgartner T, Knoch D. Interindividual differences in intergenerational sustainable behavior are associated with cortical thickness of the dorsomedial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Neuroimage 2022; 264:119664. [PMID: 36202158 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Intergenerational sustainability requires people of the present generation to make sacrifices today to benefit others of future generations (e.g. mitigating climate change, reducing public debt). Individuals vary greatly in their intergenerational sustainability, and the cognitive and neural sources of these interindividual differences are not yet well understood. We here combined neuroscientific and behavioral methods by assessing interindividual differences in cortical thickness and by using a common-pool resource paradigm with intergenerational contingencies. This enabled us to look for objective, stable, and trait-like neural markers of interindividual differences in consequential intergenerational behavior. We found that individuals behaving sustainably (vs. unsustainably) were marked by greater cortical thickness of the dorsomedial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Given that these brain areas are involved in perspective-taking and self-control and supported by mediation analyses, we speculate that greater cortical thickness of these brain areas better enable individuals to take the perspective of future generations and to resist temptations to maximize personal benefits that incur costs for future generations. By meeting recent calls for the contribution of neuroscience to sustainability research, it is our hope that the present study advances the transdisciplinary understanding of interindividual differences in intergenerational sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Guizar Rosales
- Department of Social Neuroscience and Social Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Switzerland; Translational Imaging Center (TIC), Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Baumgartner
- Department of Social Neuroscience and Social Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Switzerland; Translational Imaging Center (TIC), Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Daria Knoch
- Department of Social Neuroscience and Social Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Switzerland; Translational Imaging Center (TIC), Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, Bern, Switzerland.
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20
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The brain bases of regulation of eating behaviors: the role of reward, executive control, and valuation processes, and new paths to propel the field forward. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2022.101214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Tanaka H, Shou Q, Kiyonari T, Matsuda T, Sakagami M, Takagishi H. Right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex regulates default prosociality preference. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:5420-5425. [PMID: 36396873 PMCID: PMC10152081 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex has been shown to be associated with prosocial behavior. However, the direction of this relationship remains controversial. To resolve inconsistencies in the existing literature, we introduced the concept of default prosociality preference and hypothesized that this preference moderates the relationship between gray matter volume in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and prosocial behavior. This study analyzed the data of 168 participants obtained from voxel-based morphometry, 4 types of economic games, and 3 different measures of social value orientation that represent default prosociality preference. Here we show that, in individuals who were consistently classified as proself on the 3 social value orientation measures, gray matter volume in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was positively associated with prosocial behavior. However, in individuals who were consistently classified as prosocial, the direction of this association was vice versa. These results indicate that the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex regulates default prosociality preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tanaka
- Tamagawa University Brain Science Institute, , 6-1-1 Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8610 , Japan
| | - Qiulu Shou
- Tamagawa University Graduate School of Brain Sciences, , 6-1-1 Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8610 , Japan
| | - Toko Kiyonari
- Aoyama Gakuin University School of Social Informatics, , 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5258 , Japan
| | - Tetsuya Matsuda
- Tamagawa University Brain Science Institute, , 6-1-1 Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8610 , Japan
| | - Masamichi Sakagami
- Tamagawa University Brain Science Institute, , 6-1-1 Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8610 , Japan
| | - Haruto Takagishi
- Tamagawa University Brain Science Institute, , 6-1-1 Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8610 , Japan
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22
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Huang X, Izumi SI, Suzukamo Y. Neural and behavioral alterations of a real-time interpersonal distance (IPD) development process in differing social status interactions. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:969440. [PMCID: PMC9616044 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.969440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundEvidence showed neural changes in interpersonal distance (IPD) interaction, and neural activities are affected by relationships (such as friends or strangers). Behavior studies proved that social status strongly affects IPD between two persons. However, how the differing social status impacts neural alterations in the IPD interactions remains unknown.ObjectivesThe teacher-student relationship is a typical representation of the difference in social status. The present study aims to investigate the IPD performance and brain processes underlying real-time differing social status during the development process from teacher-student interactions.Materials and methodsWe designed three within-subject experiments corresponding to the inclusion, control, and affection stages of IPD. Altogether, 38 valid healthy participants participated in three experiments with a teacher (differing social status condition, DS condition) and a peer student (peer social status condition, PS condition) separately. This study employed functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and modified real-time stop-distance paradigms to record IPD performance and neural processes.ResultsFor IPD performance, significantly larger IPD gaps were shown in the DS condition than in the PS condition, and IPD feedback affected IPD performance. For neural alterations, activated frontopolar area (FPA, BA10), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC, BA9/BA46), and Broca’s area (BA45) were observed across the IPD stages. Importantly, brain activation shifts with the development of IPD. In addition, results showed that differences in Oxy-Hb changes were located in the FPA (BA10), DLPFC (BA9/BA46), and Broca’s area (BA45) between the DS and PS conditions across IPD stages. Additionally, negative correlations were found between Oxy-Hb changes and IPD performance.ConclusionWe propose prefrontal cortex (PFC) and Broca’s area involvement in IPD interactions, initially focusing on evaluation and action periods, and later on IPD-evaluation processes after feedback. In addition, a difference in Oxy-Hb activities implies the complexity of relationships and social status in IPD interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Huang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Izumi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- *Correspondence: Shin-Ichi Izumi,
| | - Yoshimi Suzukamo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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23
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Hutcherson CA, Tusche A. Evidence accumulation, not 'self-control', explains dorsolateral prefrontal activation during normative choice. eLife 2022; 11:65661. [PMID: 36074557 PMCID: PMC9457682 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
What role do regions like the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) play in normative behavior (e.g., generosity, healthy eating)? Some models suggest that dlPFC activation during normative choice reflects controlled inhibition or modulation of default hedonistic preferences. Here, we develop an alternative account, showing that evidence accumulation models predict trial-by-trial variation in dlPFC response across three fMRI paradigms and two self-control contexts (altruistic sacrifice and healthy eating). Using these models to simulate a variety of self-control dilemmas generated a novel prediction: although dlPFC activity might typically increase for norm-consistent choices, deliberate self-regulation focused on normative goals should decrease or even reverse this pattern (i.e., greater dlPFC response for hedonistic, self-interested choices). We confirmed these predictions in both altruistic and dietary choice contexts. Our results suggest that dlPFC response during normative choice may depend more on value-based evidence accumulation than inhibition of our baser instincts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cendri A Hutcherson
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Marketing, Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anita Tusche
- Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States.,Departments of Psychology and Economics, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
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24
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Ntoumanis I, Panidi K, Grebenschikova Y, Shestakova AN, Kosonogov V, Jääskeläinen IP, Kadieva D, Baran S, Klucharev V. "Expert persuasion" can decrease willingness to pay for sugar-containing food. Front Nutr 2022; 9:926875. [PMID: 35967796 PMCID: PMC9366858 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.926875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed types of eating nudges that can steer consumers toward choosing healthier options. However, most of the previously studied interventions target individual decisions and are not directed to changing consumers’ underlying perception of unhealthy food. Here, we investigate how a healthy eating call—first-person narrative by a health expert—affects individuals’ willingness to pay (WTP) for sugar-free and sugar-containing food products. Participants performed two blocks of a bidding task, in which they had to bid on sweets labeled either as “sugar- free” or as “sugar-containing.” In-between the two blocks, half of the participants listened to a narrative by a dietary specialist emphasizing the health risks of sugar consumption, whereas the remaining participants listened to a control narrative irrelevant to food choices. We demonstrate that the health expert’s narrative decreased individuals’ WTP for sugar-containing food, but did not modulate their WTP for sugar- free food. Overall, our findings confirm that consumers may conform to healthy eating calls by rather devaluating unhealthy food products than by increasing the value of healthy ones. This paves the way for an avenue of innovative marketing strategies to support individuals in their food choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Ntoumanis
- International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ksenia Panidi
- International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Anna N Shestakova
- International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Kosonogov
- International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Iiro P Jääskeläinen
- International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Moscow, Russia.,Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Dzerassa Kadieva
- International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sofia Baran
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasily Klucharev
- International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
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25
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Godet A, Fortier A, Bannier E, Coquery N, Val-Laillet D. Interactions between emotions and eating behaviors: Main issues, neuroimaging contributions, and innovative preventive or corrective strategies. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:807-831. [PMID: 34984602 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09700-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Emotional eating is commonly defined as the tendency to (over)eat in response to emotion. Insofar as it involves the (over)consumption of high-calorie palatable foods, emotional eating is a maladaptive behavior that can lead to eating disorders, and ultimately to metabolic disorders and obesity. Emotional eating is associated with eating disorder subtypes and with abnormalities in emotion processing at a behavioral level. However, not enough is known about the neural pathways involved in both emotion processing and food intake. In this review, we provide an overview of recent neuroimaging studies, highlighting the brain correlates between emotions and eating behavior that may be involved in emotional eating. Interaction between neural and neuro-endocrine pathways (HPA axis) may be involved. In addition to behavioral interventions, there is a need for a holistic approach encompassing both neural and physiological levels to prevent emotional eating. Based on recent imaging, this review indicates that more attention should be paid to prefrontal areas, the insular and orbitofrontal cortices, and reward pathways, in addition to regions that play a major role in both the cognitive control of emotions and eating behavior. Identifying these brain regions could allow for neuromodulation interventions, including neurofeedback training, which deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambre Godet
- Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, St Gilles, France
| | - Alexandra Fortier
- Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, St Gilles, France
| | - Elise Bannier
- CRNS, INSERM, IRISA, INRIA, Univ Rennes, Empenn Rennes, France
- Radiology Department, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Nicolas Coquery
- Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, St Gilles, France
| | - David Val-Laillet
- Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, St Gilles, France.
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26
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Lee KM, Lee S, Satpute AB. Sinful pleasures and pious woes? Using fMRI to examine evaluative and hedonic emotion knowledge. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2022; 17:986-994. [PMID: 35348768 PMCID: PMC9629474 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, lust and pride have been considered pleasurable, yet sinful in the West. Conversely, guilt is often considered aversive, yet valuable. These emotions illustrate how evaluations about specific emotions and beliefs about their hedonic properties may often diverge. Evaluations about specific emotions may shape important aspects of emotional life (e.g. in emotion regulation, emotion experience and acquisition of emotion concepts). Yet these evaluations are often understudied in affective neuroscience. Prior work in emotion regulation, affective experience, evaluation/attitudes and decision-making point to anterior prefrontal areas as candidates for supporting evaluative emotion knowledge. Thus, we examined the brain areas associated with evaluative and hedonic emotion knowledge, with a focus on the anterior prefrontal cortex. Participants (N = 25) made evaluative and hedonic ratings about emotion knowledge during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We found that greater activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), ventromedial PFC (vmPFC) and precuneus was associated with an evaluative (vs hedonic) focus on emotion knowledge. Our results suggest that the mPFC and vmPFC, in particular, may play a role in evaluating discrete emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent M Lee
- Correspondence should be addressed to Kent M. Lee, Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, 125 Nightingale Hall, Boston, MA, USA. E-mail:
| | - SuhJin Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ajay B Satpute
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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27
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Foldi CJ, Morris MJ, Oldfield BJ. Executive function in obesity and anorexia nervosa: Opposite ends of a spectrum of disordered feeding behaviour? Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 111:110395. [PMID: 34217755 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Higher-order executive functions such as decision-making, cognitive flexibility and behavioural control are critical to adaptive success in all aspects of life, including the maintenance of a healthy body weight by regulating food intake. Performance on tasks designed to assess these aspects of cognition is impaired in individuals with obesity and anorexia nervosa (AN); conditions at either end of a spectrum of body weight disturbance. While the conceptualisation of obesity and AN as mirror images of each other makes some sense from a metabolic point of view, whether or not these conditions also reflect opposing states of executive function is less clear. Here, we review evidence from neurocognitive and neuroimaging studies to compare the direction and extent of executive dysfunction in subjects with obesity and AN and how these are underpinned by changes in structure and function of subregions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Both conditions of extreme body weight disturbance are associated with impaired decision-making and cognitive inflexibility, however, impulsive behaviour presents in opposing directions; obesity being associated with reduced behavioural control and AN being associated with elevated control over behaviour with respect to food and feeding. Accordingly, the subregions of the PFC that guide inhibitory control and valuation of action outcomes (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex) show opposite patterns of activation in subjects with obesity compared to those with AN, whereas the subregions implicated in cognitive and behavioural flexibility (ventromedial prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex) show alterations in the same direction in both conditions but with differential extent of dysfunction. We synthesise these findings in the context of the utility of animal models of obesity and AN to interrogate the detail of the neurobiological contributions to cognition in patient populations and the utility of such detail to inform future treatment strategies that specifically target executive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire J Foldi
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, 26 Innovation Walk, Clayton 3800, Australia; Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, 23 Innovation Walk, Clayton 3800, Australia.
| | - Margaret J Morris
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, High Street, Randwick 2052, Australia
| | - Brian J Oldfield
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, 26 Innovation Walk, Clayton 3800, Australia; Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, 23 Innovation Walk, Clayton 3800, Australia
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28
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Heinrichs HS, Beyer F, Medawar E, Prehn K, Ordemann J, Flöel A, Witte AV. Effects of bariatric surgery on functional connectivity of the reward and default mode network: A pre-registered analysis. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:5357-5373. [PMID: 34432350 PMCID: PMC8519880 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity imposes serious health risks and involves alterations in resting‐state functional connectivity of brain networks involved in eating behavior. Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment, but its effects on functional connectivity are still under debate. In this pre‐registered study, we aimed to determine the effects of bariatric surgery on major resting‐state brain networks (reward and default mode network) in a longitudinal controlled design. Thirty‐three bariatric surgery patients and 15 obese waiting‐list control patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging at baseline, after 6 and 12 months. We conducted a pre‐registered whole‐brain time‐by‐group interaction analysis, and a time‐by‐group interaction analysis on within‐network connectivity. In exploratory analyses, we investigated the effects of weight loss and head motion. Bariatric surgery compared to waiting did not significantly affect functional connectivity of the reward network and the default mode network (FWE‐corrected p > .05), neither whole‐brain nor within‐network. In exploratory analyses, surgery‐related BMI decrease (FWE‐corrected p = .041) and higher average head motion (FWE‐corrected p = .021) resulted in significantly stronger connectivity of the reward network with medial posterior frontal regions. This pre‐registered well‐controlled study did not support a strong effect of bariatric surgery, compared to waiting, on major resting‐state brain networks after 6 months. Exploratory analyses indicated that head motion might have confounded the effects. Data pooling and more rigorous control of within‐scanner head motion during data acquisition are needed to substantiate effects of bariatric surgery on brain organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah S Heinrichs
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frauke Beyer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,CRC 1052 "Obesity Mechanisms", Subproject A1, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Evelyn Medawar
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristin Prehn
- Department of Neurology & NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Ordemann
- Center for Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Vivantes Clinic Spandau, Berlin, Germany
| | - Agnes Flöel
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Greifswald, Germany
| | - A Veronica Witte
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,CRC 1052 "Obesity Mechanisms", Subproject A1, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
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29
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Healthy decisions in the cued-attribute food choice paradigm have high test-retest reliability. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12844. [PMID: 34145325 PMCID: PMC8213742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91933-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Food choice paradigms are commonly used to study decision mechanisms, individual differences, and intervention efficacy. Here, we measured behavior from twenty-three healthy young adults who completed five repetitions of a cued-attribute food choice paradigm over two weeks. This task includes cues prompting participants to explicitly consider the healthiness of the food items before making a selection, or to choose naturally based on whatever freely comes to mind. We found that the average patterns of food choices following both cue types and ratings about the palatability (i.e. taste) and healthiness of the food items were similar across all five repetitions. At the individual level, the test-retest reliability for choices in both conditions and healthiness ratings was excellent. However, test-retest reliability for taste ratings was only fair, suggesting that estimates about palatability may vary more from day to day for the same individual.
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30
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Plassmann H, Schelski DS, Simon MC, Koban L. How we decide what to eat: Toward an interdisciplinary model of gut-brain interactions. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. COGNITIVE SCIENCE 2021; 13:e1562. [PMID: 33977675 PMCID: PMC9286667 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Everyday dietary decisions have important short‐term and long‐term consequences for health and well‐being. How do we decide what to eat, and what physiological and neurobiological systems are involved in those decisions? Here, we integrate findings from thus‐far separate literatures: (a) the cognitive neuroscience of dietary decision‐making, and (b) growing evidence of gut–brain interactions and especially influences of the gut microbiome on diet and health outcomes. We review findings that suggest that dietary decisions and food consumption influence nutrient sensing, homeostatic signaling in the gut, and the composition of the gut microbiome. In turn, the microbiome can influence host health and behavior. Through reward signaling pathways, the microbiome could potentially affect food and drink decisions. Such bidirectional links between gut microbiome and the brain systems underlying dietary decision‐making may lead to self‐reinforcing feedback loops that determine long‐term dietary patterns, body mass, and health outcomes. This article is categorized under:Economics > Individual Decision‐Making Psychology > Brain Function and Dysfunction Psychology > Reasoning and Decision Making
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilke Plassmann
- Marketing Area, INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France.,Paris Brain Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Daniela Stephanie Schelski
- Center for Economics and Neuroscience, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marie-Christine Simon
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science (IEL), Nutrition and Microbiota, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Leonie Koban
- Marketing Area, INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France.,Paris Brain Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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31
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Structural brain differences associated with extensive massively-multiplayer video gaming. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:364-374. [PMID: 32128717 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00263-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Video gaming can be associated with inter-individual differences in brain morphology. Much of this literature has focused on non-professional/occasional gamers who barely play, on the one extreme; or Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) cases who typically play more than 5 h/day, on the other extreme. We sought to extend this literature and focus on extensive gamers, who play about 3 h/day, which is typically more than non-professional gamers, but less than IGD cases. Findings regarding this sector of gamers can inform research on risk factors or markers for IGD development, even before addiction symptoms emerge. We predicted that extensive gamers have smaller prefrontal regions that presumably reflect weaker inhibition abilities, and larger visuomotor regions that presumably reflect stronger motor skills in response to visual stimuli. We tested these assertions with a between-subject brain morphology comparison of 26 extensive League of Legends (LOL) and matched 26 non-gamers, using voxel based morphometry, deformation based morphometry, and cortical thickness and sulcus depth analyses. Findings largely supported our predictions by pointing to morphological alterations in extensive gamers in the bilateral ventromedial prefrontal cortex and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, as well is in the left superior parietal lobule. These findings suggest that extensive gamers, at least of Massive-Multiplayer battle arena games, present brain alterations that are consistent with presumed loss of control (as mediated by the prefrontal cortex), but also improved attention and visoumotor skills (as mediated by superior parietal lobule). Implications for research and practice are discussed.
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32
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Xu T, Sirois FM, Zhang L, Yu Z, Feng T. Neural basis responsible for self-control association with procrastination: Right MFC and bilateral OFC functional connectivity with left dlPFC. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2021.104064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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33
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Smith KE, Luo S, Mason TB. A systematic review of neural correlates of dysregulated eating associated with obesity risk in youth. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 124:245-266. [PMID: 33587960 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated eating among children and adolescents is associated with a wide range of negative mental and physical health outcomes, including obesity. However, less is known regarding underlying neural mechanisms underlying such behaviors. Therefore, the present manuscript systematically reviewed neuroimaging research examining dysregulated eating behavior linked to excess weight in children and adolescents. A systematic literature search identified 23 eligible studies, the majority of which were cross-sectional functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies and excluded participants with psychiatric disorders. Dysregulated eating was captured by measures of eating styles and eating self-regulation, eating disorder behaviors, food addiction, objective measures of non-homeostatic eating and caloric restriction. While preliminary, findings suggested eating dysregulation was related to aberrant functioning within the frontostriatal and frontoparietal regions involved in self-regulatory processes, as well as regions involved in satiety signaling and interoception. This heterogeneous body of research is continually growing and may have potential to inform future prevention and intervention approaches. Results also identified several important limitations to consider and highlight key areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Shan Luo
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tyler B Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Schmidt L, Medawar E, Aron-Wisnewsky J, Genser L, Poitou C, Clément K, Plassmann H. Resting-state connectivity within the brain's reward system predicts weight loss and correlates with leptin. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab005. [PMID: 33615220 PMCID: PMC7884604 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Weight gain is often associated with the pleasure of eating food rich in calories. This idea is based on the findings that people with obesity showed increased neural activity in the reward and motivation systems of the brain in response to food cues. Such correlations, however, overlook the possibility that obesity may be associated with a metabolic state that impacts the functioning of reward and motivation systems, which in turn could be linked to reactivity to food and eating behaviour and weight gain. In a study involving 44 female participants [14 patients with obesity, aged 20–63 years (mean: 42, SEM: 3.2 years), and 30 matched lean controls, aged 22–60 years (mean: 37, SEM: 1.8 years)], we investigated how ventromedial prefrontal cortex seed-to-voxel resting-state connectivity distinguished between lean and obese participants at baseline. We used the results of this first step of our analyses to examine whether changes in ventromedial prefrontal cortex resting-state connectivity over 8 months could formally predict weight gain or loss. It is important to note that participants with obesity underwent bariatric surgery at the beginning of our investigation period. We found that ventromedial prefrontal cortex–ventral striatum resting-state connectivity and ventromedial–dorsolateral prefrontal cortex resting-state connectivity were sensitive to obesity at baseline. However, only the ventromedial prefrontal cortex–ventral striatum resting-state connectivity predicted weight changes over time using cross-validation, out-of-sample prediction analysis. Such an out-of-sample prediction analysis uses the data of all participants of a training set to predict the actually observed data in one independent participant in the hold-out validation sample and is then repeated for all participants. In seeking to explain the reason why ventromedial pre-frontal cortex–ventral striatum resting-state connectivity as the central hub of the brain’s reward and motivational system may predict weight change over time, we linked weight loss surgery-induced changes in ventromedial prefrontal cortex–ventral striatum resting-state connectivity to surgery-induced changes in homeostatic hormone regulation. More specifically, we focussed on changes in fasting state systemic leptin, a homeostatic hormone signalling satiety, and inhibiting reward-related dopamine signalling. We found that the surgery-induced increase in ventromedial prefrontal cortex–ventral striatum resting-state connectivity was correlated with a decrease in fasting-state systemic leptin. These findings establish the first link between individual differences in brain connectivity in reward circuits in a more tonic state at rest, weight change over time and homeostatic hormone regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liane Schmidt
- Control-Interoception-Attention Team, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Inserm UMR 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Evelyn Medawar
- Laboratoire de Neuroscience Cognitive, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Inserm U960, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Judith Aron-Wisnewsky
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMRS Nutrition et Obésités; Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics), 75013 Paris, France.,Nutrition Department, CRNH Ile de France, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Genser
- Visceral Surgery Department, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Christine Poitou
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMRS Nutrition et Obésités; Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics), 75013 Paris, France
| | - Karine Clément
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMRS Nutrition et Obésités; Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics), 75013 Paris, France
| | - Hilke Plassmann
- Control-Interoception-Attention Team, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Inserm UMR 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France.,Marketing Area, INSEAD 77305, Fontainebleau, France
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Janet R, Fournel A, Fouillen M, Derrington E, Corgnet B, Bensafi M, Dreher JC. Cognitive and hormonal regulation of appetite for food presented in the olfactory and visual modalities. Neuroimage 2021; 230:117811. [PMID: 33524577 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to regulate appetite is essential to avoid food over-consumption. The desire for a particular food can be triggered by its odor before it is even seen. Using fMRI, we identify the neural systems modulated by cognitive regulation when experiencing appetizing food stimuli presented in both olfactory and visual modalities, while being hungry. Regulatory instruction modulated bids for food items and inhalation patterns. Distinct brain regions were observed for up and down appetite-regulation, respectively the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and dorsolateral PFC. Food valuation engaged the ventromedial PFC and bilateral striatum. Furthermore, we identified a neurobiological marker for successful appetite upregulation. Individuals with higher blood levels of ghrelin were better at exercising up-regulation, and engaged the dmPFC more. These findings characterize the neural circuitry regulating food consumption within the healthy population and highlight how cognitive regulation modulates olfactomotor measures of olfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Janet
- CNRS-Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR5229, 'Neuroeconomics, reward, and decision making laboratory', 67 Bd Pinel, 69675 Bron, France; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ISCMJ, F-69675 Lyon, France
| | - A Fournel
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, University of Lyon, Lyon, France; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ISCMJ, F-69675 Lyon, France
| | - M Fouillen
- CNRS-Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR5229, 'Neuroeconomics, reward, and decision making laboratory', 67 Bd Pinel, 69675 Bron, France; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ISCMJ, F-69675 Lyon, France
| | - E Derrington
- CNRS-Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR5229, 'Neuroeconomics, reward, and decision making laboratory', 67 Bd Pinel, 69675 Bron, France; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ISCMJ, F-69675 Lyon, France
| | | | - M Bensafi
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, University of Lyon, Lyon, France; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ISCMJ, F-69675 Lyon, France
| | - J C Dreher
- CNRS-Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR5229, 'Neuroeconomics, reward, and decision making laboratory', 67 Bd Pinel, 69675 Bron, France; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ISCMJ, F-69675 Lyon, France.
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Thieleking R, Medawar E, Disch L, Witte AV. art.pics Database: An Open Access Database for Art Stimuli for Experimental Research. Front Psychol 2020; 11:576580. [PMID: 33391092 PMCID: PMC7772247 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.576580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While art is omnipresent in human history, the neural mechanisms of how we perceive, value and differentiate art has only begun to be explored. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies suggested that art acts as secondary reward, involving brain activity in the ventral striatum and prefrontal cortices similar to primary rewards such as food. However, potential similarities or unique characteristics of art-related neuroscience (or neuroesthetics) remain elusive, also because of a lack of adequate experimental tools: the available collections of art stimuli often lack standard image definitions and normative ratings. Therefore, we here provide a large set of well-characterized, novel art images for use as visual stimuli in psychological and neuroimaging research. The stimuli were created using a deep learning algorithm that applied different styles of popular paintings (based on artists such as Klimt or Hundertwasser) on ordinary animal, plant and object images which were drawn from established visual stimuli databases. The novel stimuli represent mundane items with artistic properties with proposed reduced dimensionality and complexity compared to paintings. In total, 2,332 novel stimuli are available open access as “art.pics” database at https://osf.io/BTWNQ/ with standard image characteristics that are comparable to other common visual stimuli material in terms of size, variable color distribution, complexity, intensity and valence, measured by image software analysis and by ratings derived from a human experimental validation study [n = 1,296 (684f), age 30.2 ± 8.8 y.o.]. The experimental validation study further showed that the art.pics elicit a broad and significantly different variation in subjective value ratings (i.e., liking and wanting) as well as in recognizability, arousal and valence across different art styles and categories. Researchers are encouraged to study the perception, processing and valuation of art images based on the art.pics database which also enables real reward remuneration of the rated stimuli (as art prints) and a direct comparison to other rewards from e.g., food or money. Key Messages: We provide an open access, validated and large set of novel stimuli (n = 2,332) of standardized art images including normative rating data to be used for experimental research. Reward remuneration in experimental settings can be easily implemented for the art.pics by e.g., handing out the stimuli to the participants (as print on premium paper or in a digital format), as done in the presented validation task. Experimental validation showed that the art.pics’ images elicit a broad and significantly different variation in subjective value ratings (i.e., liking, wanting) across different art styles and categories, while size, color and complexity characteristics remained comparable to other visual stimuli databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Thieleking
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Evelyn Medawar
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonie Disch
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Veronica Witte
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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Cao CC, Reimann M. Data Triangulation in Consumer Neuroscience: Integrating Functional Neuroimaging With Meta-Analyses, Psychometrics, and Behavioral Data. Front Psychol 2020; 11:550204. [PMID: 33224048 PMCID: PMC7674591 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.550204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews a wide range of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies conducted in the field of consumer neuroscience to (1) highlight common interpretative approaches of neuroimaging data (i.e., forward inference and reverse inference), (2) discuss potential interpretative issues associated with these approaches, and (3) provide a framework that employs a multi-method approach aimed to possibly raise the explanatory power and, thus, the validity of functional neuroimaging research in consumer neuroscience. Based on this framework, we argue that the validity of fMRI studies can be improved by the triangulation of (1) careful design of neuroimaging studies and analyses of data, (2) meta-analyses, and (3) the integration of psychometric and behavioral data with neuroimaging data. Guidelines on when and how to employ triangulation methods on neuroimaging data are included. Moreover, we also included discussions on practices and research directions that validate fMRI studies in consumer neuroscience beyond data triangulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Clark Cao
- Department of Marketing and International Business, Lingnan University, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
| | - Martin Reimann
- Department of Marketing, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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Goldwaser EL, Miller CWT. The Genetic and Neural Circuitry Predictors of Benefit From Manualized or Open-Ended Psychotherapy. Am J Psychother 2020; 73:72-84. [DOI: 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20190041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Luria Goldwaser
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland Medical Center and Sheppard Pratt Health System, Baltimore
| | - Christopher W. T. Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland Medical Center and Sheppard Pratt Health System, Baltimore
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39
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Maier SU, Hare TA. BOLD activity during emotion reappraisal positively correlates with dietary self-control success. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2020; 18:nsaa097. [PMID: 32701139 PMCID: PMC9910278 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We combined established emotion regulation and dietary choice tasks with fMRI to investigate behavioral and neural associations in self-regulation across the two domains in human participants. We found that increased BOLD activity during the successful reappraisal of positive and negative emotional stimuli was associated with dietary self-control success. This cross-task correlation was present in medial and lateral prefrontal cortex as well as the striatum. In contrast, BOLD activity during the food choice task was not associated with self-reported emotion regulation efficacy. These results suggest that neural processes utilized during the reappraisal of emotional stimuli may also facilitate dietary choices that override palatability in favor of healthfulness. In summary, our findings indicate that the neural systems supporting emotion reappraisal can generalize to other behavioral contexts that require reevaluation of rewarding stimuli and outcomes to promote choices that conform with the current goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia U Maier
- Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich 8006, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
- Translational Neuromodeling Unit, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH, Zurich 8032, Switzerland
| | - Todd A Hare
- Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich 8006, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
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40
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Morawetz C, Steyrl D, Berboth S, Heekeren HR, Bode S. Emotion Regulation Modulates Dietary Decision-Making via Activity in the Prefrontal-Striatal Valuation System. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:5731-5749. [PMID: 32567667 PMCID: PMC7899064 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of indulgent, carbohydrate- and fat-rich foods is often used as a strategy to cope with negative affect because they provide immediate self-reward. Such dietary choices, however, can severely affect people's health. One countermeasure could be to improve one's emotion regulation ability. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine the neural activity underlying the downregulation of incidental emotions and its effect on subsequent food choices. We investigated whether emotion regulation leads to healthier food choices and how emotion regulation interacts with the brain's valuation and decision-making circuitry. We found that 1) the downregulation of incidental negative emotions was associated with a subsequent selective increase in decisions for tasty but also for healthy foods, 2) food preferences were predicted by palatability but also by the current emotional state, and 3) emotion regulation modulated decision-related activation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum. These results indicate that emotional states are indeed important for food choice and that the process of emotion regulation might boost the subsequent processing of health attributes, possibly via neural reward circuits. In consequence, our findings suggest that increasing emotion regulation ability could effectively modulate food choices by stimulating an incidental upvaluation of health attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Morawetz
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany.,Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany.,Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - David Steyrl
- Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, University of Vienna, Vienna 1010, Austria.,Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zürich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Stella Berboth
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany.,Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Hauke R Heekeren
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany.,Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Stefan Bode
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, VIC, Australia.,Department of Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne 50923, Germany
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Szabo‐Reed AN, Martin LE, Hu J, Yeh H, Powell J, Lepping RJ, Patrician TM, Breslin FJ, Donnelly JE, Savage CR. Modeling interactions between brain function, diet adherence behaviors, and weight loss success. Obes Sci Pract 2020; 6:282-292. [PMID: 32523717 PMCID: PMC7278911 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is linked to altered activation in reward and control brain circuitry; however, the associated brain activity related to successful or unsuccessful weight loss (WL) is unclear. METHODS Adults with obesity (N = 75) completed a baseline functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan before entering a WL intervention (ie,3-month diet and physical activity [PA] program). We conducted an exploratory analysis to identify the contributions of baseline brain activation, adherence behavior patterns, and the associated connections to WL at the conclusion of a 3-month WL intervention. Food cue-reactivity brain regions were functionally identified using fMRI to index brain activation to food vs nonfood cues. Food consumption, PA, and class attendance were collected weekly during the 3-month intervention. RESULTS The left middle frontal gyrus (L-MFG, BA 46) and right middle frontal gyrus (R-MFG; BA 9) were positively activated when viewing food compared with nonfood images. Structural equation modeling with bootstrapping was used to investigate a hypothesized path model and revealed the following significant paths: (1) attendance to 3-month WL, (2) R-MFG to attendance, and (3) indirect effects of R-MFG through attendance on WL. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that brain activation to appetitive food cues predicts future WL through mediating session attendance, diet, and PA. This study contributes to the growing evidence of the importance of food cue reactivity and self-regulation brain regions and their impact on WL outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N. Szabo‐Reed
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansas
| | - Laura E. Martin
- Department of Population Health HealthUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansas
- Hoglund Brain Imaging CenterUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansas
| | - Jinxiang Hu
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansas
| | - Hung‐Wen Yeh
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansas
| | - Joshua Powell
- Graduate School of Social WorkUniversity of DenverDenverColorado
| | - Rebecca J. Lepping
- Hoglund Brain Imaging CenterUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansas
| | - Trisha M. Patrician
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansas
| | - Florance J. Breslin
- Center for Brain, Biology and BehaviorUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNebraska
| | - Joseph E. Donnelly
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansas
| | - Cary R. Savage
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansas
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Effects of Diabetic Ketoacidosis on Executive Function in Children With Type 1 Diabetes: Evidence From Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Performance. Psychosom Med 2020; 82:359-365. [PMID: 32358324 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is known to affect memory function, but little is known about its impact on executive function. This study aimed to determine whether a history of DKA was associated with changes in executive function in children with T1DM. METHODS The sample consisted of 99 patients with T1DM with histories of DKA, 82 patients with T1DM without DKA, and 100 healthy controls aged 7 to 18 years. Neuropsychological function and emotion assessments were performed in all participants. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) was used to assess executive function. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, the DKA group (but not the non-DKA group) had a significantly lower mean intelligence quotient (IQ; p = .006, Cohen d = 0.528) and a significantly higher rate of WCST perseverative errors (p = .006, Cohen d = 0.475). In the DKA group, the age at DKA onset was significantly associated with the IQ (p = .001) and the number of completed WCST categories (p = .046). Higher hemoglobin A1c levels were associated significantly with lower IQ (p < .001), increased rate of WCST perseverative errors (p = .015), and completion of fewer WCST categories (p = .027). CONCLUSIONS DKA has implications for executive function in children with T1DM. These findings emphasize the importance of DKA prevention in patients with known T1DM, especially younger children with newly diagnosed T1DM.
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Vlahoyiannis A, Nifli AP. Dietary restraint is associated with adiposity and repeated attempts of food avoidance since early adolescence. Physiol Behav 2020; 218:112826. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Cao S, Xia LX. Conscientiousness mediates the link between brain structure and consideration of future consequence. Neuropsychologia 2020; 141:107435. [PMID: 32184099 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The individual difference in valuing immediate and future outcomes is referred to as consideration of future consequences (CFC, including CFC-Future [CFC-F] and CFC-Immediate [CFC-I]), which significantly influences daily behaviour. Although CFC is believed to be affected by brain features and personalities, the relational model of brain correlates, personalities and CFC has yet to be determined. This study was designed to explore the brain structure related to CFC-F and CFC-I and the mediating role of conscientiousness. We adopted a voxel-based morphometry study and used grey matter density (GMD) as an indication of brain structure. The results showed that GMD in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) was positively associated with CFC-F; however, we did not find relevant regions affecting CFC-I. Furthermore, conscientiousness was found to mediate the relationship between GMD in the VMPFC and CFC-F. This study provides initial evidence concerning the neural basis of CFC-F and argues that the features of brain structure could be associated with CFC-F through related high-order personality traits. Additionally, the distinction between CFC-F and CFC-I may be based on differences in brain structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Cao
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ling-Xiang Xia
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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45
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Kong F, Yang K, Sajjad S, Yan W, Li X, Zhao J. Neural correlates of social well-being: gray matter density in the orbitofrontal cortex predicts social well-being in emerging adulthood. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2020; 14:319-327. [PMID: 30715518 PMCID: PMC6399614 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsz008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Social well-being reflects the perception of one’s social functioning, which plays an important role in physical and psychological health. However, the exact neuroanatomical substrate for social well-being remains unclear. To address the issue, we employed the voxel-based morphometry method to probe the neuroanatomical basis of individual variation in social well-being in young healthy adults (n = 136). The results revealed a significant negative association between social well-being and regional gray matter density (rGMD) in an anatomical cluster that mainly includes the left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) that has been involved in emotion regulation and social cognition. Furthermore, a balanced 4-fold cross-validation using the machine learning approach revealed that rGMD in the left OFC could be reliably related to social well-being. More importantly, the multiple mediation analysis revealed that neuroticism and dispositional forgiveness independently mediated the association between rGMD in the left OFC and social well-being. In addition, all these results remained stable when subjective socioeconomic status was controlled. Together, our results provide the initial evidence that the OFC is a neuroanatomical substrate for social well-being and demonstrate that the OFC is a crucial neural site linking neuroticism and dispositional forgiveness to social well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Kong
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kairong Yang
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sonia Sajjad
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjing Yan
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuewen Li
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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46
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DeStasio KL, Clithero JA, Berkman ET. Neuroeconomics, health psychology, and the interdisciplinary study of preventative health behavior. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2019; 13. [PMID: 32266004 DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this article is to introduce readers to theories, tools, and evidence from the field of neuroeconomics and to describe how health psychology and neuroeconomics can be mutually informative in the study of preventative health behaviors. Preventative health behavior here refers to both individual actions that impact one's health (e.g., exercise) and broader behavioral patterns, such as those captured in personality constructs. Although neuroeconomic researchers have begun to incorporate health-relevant behaviors into their studies, the full potential of this research to inform preventative health models is as yet unrealized. What is needed to "translate up" is the unification of rich theoretical content from health psychology with investigations by neuroeconomic researchers of the decision-making process during health-relevant choices. We identify choice as a central, shared feature across models of preventative health behavior that can serve as an inroad for neuroeconomics to contribute to existing models and highlight commonalities that might not otherwise be apparent. A central premise of our argument is that, because health decisions are nearly always multiply determined, a more precise and mechanistic understanding of how choices are made is an important but understudied topic in health psychology. A partnership between health psychologists and neuroeconomic researchers can yield valuable insights into how preventative health choice is made and to identify targets and methods for intervention.
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47
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Zhu W, Zhou X, Xia LX. Brain structures and functional connectivity associated with individual differences in trait proactive aggression. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7731. [PMID: 31118455 PMCID: PMC6531458 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44115-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although considerable efforts have been made to understand the neural underpinnings of (state) reactive aggression, which is triggered by provocation or perceived threat, little is known about the neural correlates of proactive aggression, which is driven by instrumental motivations to obtain personal gains through aggressive means and which varies dramatically across individuals in terms of tendency of appealing to such means. Here, by combining structural (grey matter density, GMD) and functional (resting-state functional connection, RSFC) fMRI, we investigated brain structures and functional networks related to trait proactive aggression. We found that individual differences in trait proactive aggression were positively associated with GMD in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and negatively correlated with GMD in posterior cingulate cortex (PCC); they were also negatively correlated with the strength of functional connectivity between left PCC and other brain regions, including right DLPFC, right IPL, right MPFC/ACC, and bilateral precuneus. These findings shed light on the differential brain bases of proactive and reactive aggressions and suggested the neural underpinnings of proactive aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Zhu
- Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhou
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
| | - Ling-Xiang Xia
- Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China.
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48
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Computing Social Value Conversion in the Human Brain. J Neurosci 2019; 39:5153-5172. [PMID: 31000587 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3117-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Social signals play powerful roles in shaping self-oriented reward valuation and decision making. These signals activate social and valuation/decision areas, but the core computation for their integration into the self-oriented decision machinery remains unclear. Here, we study how a fundamental social signal, social value (others' reward value), is converted into self-oriented decision making in the human brain. Using behavioral analysis, modeling, and neuroimaging, we show three-stage processing of social value conversion from the offer to the effective value and then to the final decision value. First, a value of others' bonus on offer, called offered value, was encoded uniquely in the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) and also in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (ldlPFC), which is commonly activated by offered self-bonus value. The effective value, an intermediate value representing the effective influence of the offer on the decision, was represented in the right anterior insula (rAI), and the final decision value was encoded in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Second, using psychophysiological interaction and dynamic causal modeling analyses, we demonstrated three-stage feedforward processing from the rTPJ and ldPFC to the rAI and then from rAI to the mPFC. Further, we showed that these characteristics of social conversion underlie distinct sociobehavioral phenotypes. We demonstrate that the variability in the conversion underlies the difference between prosocial and selfish subjects, as seen from the differential strength of the rAI and ldlPFC coupling to the mPFC responses, respectively. Together, these findings identified fundamental neural computation processes for social value conversion underlying complex social decision making behaviors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In daily life, we make decisions based on self-interest, but also in consideration for others' status. These social influences modulate valuation and decision signals in the brain, suggesting a fundamental process called value conversion that translates social information into self-referenced decisions. However, little is known about the conversion process and its underlying brain mechanisms. We investigated value conversion using human fMRI with computational modeling and found three essential stages in a progressive brain circuit from social to empathic and decision areas. Interestingly, the brain mechanism of conversion differed between prosocial and individualistic subjects. These findings reveal how the brain processes and merges social information into the elemental flow of self-interested decision making.
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49
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Lowe CJ, Reichelt AC, Hall PA. The Prefrontal Cortex and Obesity: A Health Neuroscience Perspective. Trends Cogn Sci 2019; 23:349-361. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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50
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Beyer F, García-García I, Heinrich M, Schroeter ML, Sacher J, Luck T, Riedel-Heller SG, Stumvoll M, Villringer A, Witte AV. Neuroanatomical correlates of food addiction symptoms and body mass index in the general population. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:2747-2758. [PMID: 30816616 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The food addiction model suggests neurobiological similarities between substance-related and addictive disorders and obesity. While structural brain differences have been consistently reported in these conditions, little is known about the neuroanatomical correlates of food addiction. We therefore aimed to determine whether symptoms of food addiction related to body mass index (BMI), personality, and brain structure in a large population-based sample. Participants of the LIFE-Adult study (n = 625; 20-59 years old, 45% women) answered the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) and further personality measures, underwent anthropometric assessments and high-resolution 3T-neuroimaging. A higher YFAS symptom score correlated with higher BMI, eating behavior traits, neuroticism, and stress. Higher BMI predicted significantly lower thickness of (pre)frontal, temporal and occipital cortex and increased volume of left nucleus accumbens. In a whole-brain analysis, YFAS symptom score was not associated with significant differences in cortical thickness or subcortical gray matter volumes. A hypothesis-driven Bayes factor analysis suggested a small, additional contribution of YFAS symptom score to lower right lateral orbitofrontal cortex thickness over the effect of BMI. Our study indicates that symptoms of food addiction do not account for the major part of the structural brain differences associated with BMI in the general population. Yet, symptoms of food addiction might explain additional variance in orbitofrontal cortex, a hub area of the reward network. Longitudinal studies implementing both anatomical and functional MRI could further disentangle the neural mechanisms of addictive eating behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Beyer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Subproject A1, CRC1052 "Obesity Mechanisms", University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Isabel García-García
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Matthias Heinrich
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,EGG-Lab, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias L Schroeter
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Sacher
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,EGG-Lab, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Luck
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffi G Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Clinic for Endocrinology and Nephrology, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Veronica Witte
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Subproject A1, CRC1052 "Obesity Mechanisms", University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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