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Myers AM, Wallin CM, Richardson LM, Duran J, Neole SR, Kulaglic N, Davidson C, Perrine SA, Bowen SE, Brummelte S. The effects of buprenorphine and morphine during pregnancy: Impact of exposure length on maternal brain, behavior, and offspring neurodevelopment. Neuropharmacology 2024; 257:110060. [PMID: 38960134 PMCID: PMC11285462 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The escalating incidence of opioid-related issues among pregnant women in the United States underscores the critical necessity to understand the effects of opioid use and Medication for Opioid Use Disorders (MOUDs) during pregnancy. This research employed a translational rodent model to examine the impact of gestational exposure to buprenorphine (BUP) or morphine on maternal behaviors and offspring well-being. Female rats received BUP or morphine before conception, representing established use, with exposure continuing until postnatal day 2 or discontinued on gestational day 19 to mimic treatment cessation before birth. Maternal behaviors - including care, pup retrieval, and preference - as well as hunting behaviors and brain neurotransmitter levels were assessed. Offspring were evaluated for mortality, weight, length, milk bands, surface righting latency, withdrawal symptoms, and brain neurotransmitter levels. Our results reveal that regardless of exposure length (i.e., continued or discontinued), BUP resulted in reduced maternal care in contrast to morphine-exposed and control dams. Opioid exposure altered brain monoamine levels in the dams and offspring, and was associated with increased neonatal mortality, reduced offspring weight, and elevated withdrawal symptoms compared to controls. These findings underscore BUP's potential disruption of maternal care, contributing to increased pup mortality and altered neurodevelopmental outcomes in the offspring. This study calls for more comprehensive research into prenatal BUP exposure effects on the maternal brain and infant development with the aim to mitigate adverse outcomes in humans exposed to opioids during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail M Myers
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Chela M Wallin
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | | | - Jecenia Duran
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Surbhi R Neole
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Nejra Kulaglic
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Cameron Davidson
- Dept of Behavioral Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Shane A Perrine
- Dept of Behavioral Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA; Translational Neuroscience Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Scott E Bowen
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Susanne Brummelte
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA; Translational Neuroscience Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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2
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Stempel AV. A conserved brainstem region for instinctive behaviour control: The vertebrate periaqueductal gray. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2024; 86:102878. [PMID: 38663047 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2024.102878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Instinctive behaviours have evolved across animal phyla and ensure the survival of both the individual and species. They include behaviours that achieve defence, feeding, aggression, sexual reproduction, or parental care. Within the vertebrate subphylum, the brain circuits that support instinctive behaviour output are evolutionarily conserved, being present in the oldest group of living vertebrates, the lamprey. Here, I will provide an evolutionary and comparative perspective on the function of a conserved brainstem region central to the initiation and execution of virtually all instinctive behaviours-the periaqueductal gray. In particular, I will focus on recent advances on the neural mechanisms in the periaqueductal gray that underlie the production of different instinctive behaviours within and across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vanessa Stempel
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Max-von-Laue-Str. 4, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany.
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3
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Schäfer L, Köppel C, Kreßner-Kiel D, Schwerdtfeger S, Michael M, Weidner K, Croy I. The scent of cuteness-neural signatures of infant body odors. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2024; 19:nsae038. [PMID: 38850226 PMCID: PMC11192622 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsae038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The smell of the own baby is a salient cue for human kin recognition and bonding. We hypothesized that infant body odors function like other cues of the Kindchenschema by recruiting neural circuits of pleasure and reward. In two functional magnetic resonance imaging studies, we presented infantile and post-pubertal body odors to nulliparae and mothers (N = 78). All body odors increased blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) response and functional connectivity in circuits related to olfactory perception, pleasure and reward. Neural activation strength in pleasure and reward areas positively correlated with perceptual ratings across all participants. Compared to body odor of post-pubertal children, infant body odors specifically enhanced BOLD signal and functional connectivity in reward and pleasure circuits, suggesting that infantile body odors prime the brain for prosocial interaction. This supports the idea that infant body odors are part of the Kindchenschema. The additional observation of functional connectivity being related to maternal and kin state speaks for experience-dependent priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schäfer
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Carina Köppel
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden 01307, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 12203, Germany
| | - Denise Kreßner-Kiel
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Sarah Schwerdtfeger
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Marie Michael
- Max Planck School of Cognition, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Department of Comparative Cultural Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthroplogy, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Kerstin Weidner
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Ilona Croy
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden 01307, Germany
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena 07737, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Site Jena-Magdeburg-Halle 07737, Germany
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4
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Kuroda KO, Fukumitsu K, Kurachi T, Ohmura N, Shiraishi Y, Yoshihara C. Parental brain through time: The origin and development of the neural circuit of mammalian parenting. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2024; 1534:24-44. [PMID: 38426943 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
This review consolidates current knowledge on mammalian parental care, focusing on its neural mechanisms, evolutionary origins, and derivatives. Neurobiological studies have identified specific neurons in the medial preoptic area as crucial for parental care. Unexpectedly, these neurons are characterized by the expression of molecules signaling satiety, such as calcitonin receptor and BRS3, and overlap with neurons involved in the reproductive behaviors of males but not females. A synthesis of comparative ecology and paleontology suggests an evolutionary scenario for mammalian parental care, possibly stemming from male-biased guarding of offspring in basal vertebrates. The terrestrial transition of tetrapods led to prolonged egg retention in females and the emergence of amniotes, skewing care toward females. The nocturnal adaptation of Mesozoic mammalian ancestors reinforced maternal care for lactation and thermal regulation via endothermy, potentially introducing metabolic gate control in parenting neurons. The established maternal care may have served as the precursor for paternal and cooperative care in mammals and also fostered the development of group living, which may have further contributed to the emergence of empathy and altruism. These evolution-informed working hypotheses require empirical validation, yet they offer promising avenues to investigate the neural underpinnings of mammalian social behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumi O Kuroda
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
- School of Life Sciences and Technologies, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kansai Fukumitsu
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Takuma Kurachi
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nami Ohmura
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
- Center for Brain, Mind and Kansei Sciences Research, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuko Shiraishi
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
- Kawamura Gakuen Woman's University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chihiro Yoshihara
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
- School of Life Sciences and Technologies, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
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5
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Allen A, Heisler E, Kittelberger JM. Dopamine injections to the midbrain periaqueductal gray inhibit vocal-motor production in a teleost fish. Physiol Behav 2023; 263:114131. [PMID: 36796532 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Across vertebrates, the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) plays a critical role in social and vocal behavior. Dopaminergic neurotransmission also modulates these behaviors, and dopaminergic innervation of the PAG has been well documented. Nonetheless, the potential role of dopamine in shaping vocal production at the level of the PAG is not well understood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that dopamine modulates vocal production in the PAG, using a well-characterized vertebrate model system for the study of vocal communication, the plainfin midshipman fish, Porichthys notatus. We found that focal dopamine injections to the midshipman PAG rapidly and reversibly inhibited vocal production triggered by stimulation of known vocal-motor structures in the preoptic area / anterior hypothalamus. While dopamine inhibited vocal-motor output, it did not alter behaviorally-relevant parameters of this output, such as vocalization duration and frequency. Dopamine-induced inhibition of vocal production was prevented by the combined blockade of D1- and D2-like receptors but was unaffected by isolated blockade of either D1-receptors or D2-receptors. Our results suggest dopamine neuromodulation in the midshipman PAG may inhibit natural vocal behavior, in courtship and/or agonistic social contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Allen
- Department of Biology, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, PA 17325, United States
| | - Elizabeth Heisler
- Department of Biology, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, PA 17325, United States
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Integrated cardio-behavioral responses to threat define defensive states. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:447-457. [PMID: 36759559 PMCID: PMC9991919 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01252-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Fear and anxiety are brain states that evolved to mediate defensive responses to threats. The defense reaction includes multiple interacting behavioral, autonomic and endocrine adjustments, but their integrative nature is poorly understood. In particular, although threat has been associated with various cardiac changes, there is no clear consensus regarding the relevance of these changes for the integrated defense reaction. Here we identify rapid microstates that are associated with specific behaviors and heart rate dynamics, which are affected by long-lasting macrostates and reflect context-dependent threat levels. In addition, we demonstrate that one of the most commonly used defensive behavioral responses-freezing as measured by immobility-is part of an integrated cardio-behavioral microstate mediated by Chx10+ neurons in the periaqueductal gray. Our framework for systematic integration of cardiac and behavioral readouts presents the basis for a better understanding of complex neural defensive states and their associated systemic functions.
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Yoshihara C, Tokita K, Maruyama T, Kaneko M, Tsuneoka Y, Fukumitsu K, Miyazawa E, Shinozuka K, Huang AJ, Nishimori K, McHugh TJ, Tanaka M, Itohara S, Touhara K, Miyamichi K, Kuroda KO. Calcitonin receptor signaling in the medial preoptic area enables risk-taking maternal care. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109204. [PMID: 34077719 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal mammals exhibit heightened motivation to care for offspring, but the underlying neuromolecular mechanisms have yet to be clarified. Here, we report that the calcitonin receptor (Calcr) and its ligand amylin are expressed in distinct neuronal populations in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) and are upregulated in mothers. Calcr+ MPOA neurons activated by parental care project to somatomotor and monoaminergic brainstem nuclei. Retrograde monosynaptic tracing reveals that significant modification of afferents to Calcr+ neurons occurs in mothers. Knockdown of either Calcr or amylin gene expression hampers risk-taking maternal care, and specific silencing of Calcr+ MPOA neurons inhibits nurturing behaviors, while pharmacogenetic activation prevents infanticide in virgin males. These data indicate that Calcr+ MPOA neurons are required for both maternal and allomaternal nurturing behaviors and that upregulation of amylin-Calcr signaling in the MPOA at least partially mediates risk-taking maternal care, possibly via modified connectomics of Calcr+ neurons postpartum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Yoshihara
- Laboratory for Affiliative Social Behavior, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tokita
- Laboratory for Affiliative Social Behavior, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; The Institute of Natural Sciences, Senshu University, Tokyo 101-8425, Japan
| | - Teppo Maruyama
- Laboratory for Affiliative Social Behavior, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Misato Kaneko
- Laboratory for Affiliative Social Behavior, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Yousuke Tsuneoka
- Laboratory for Affiliative Social Behavior, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Kansai Fukumitsu
- Laboratory for Affiliative Social Behavior, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Eri Miyazawa
- Laboratory for Affiliative Social Behavior, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Shinozuka
- Laboratory for Affiliative Social Behavior, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Arthur J Huang
- Laboratory for Circuit and Behavioral Physiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Nishimori
- Department of Obesity and Internal Inflammation, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Thomas J McHugh
- Laboratory for Circuit and Behavioral Physiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanaka
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Itohara
- Laboratory for Behavioral Genetics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazushige Touhara
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; ERATO Touhara Chemosensory Signal Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kazunari Miyamichi
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Laboratory for Comparative Connectomics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kumi O Kuroda
- Laboratory for Affiliative Social Behavior, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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Vaccaro AG, Kaplan JT, Damasio A. Bittersweet: The Neuroscience of Ambivalent Affect. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2020; 15:1187-1199. [PMID: 32758063 DOI: 10.1177/1745691620927708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ambivalent affective states, such as bittersweetness, nostalgia, and longing, which are felt as having both positive and negative aspects, are an important component of human experience but have received little attention. The most influential theoretical frameworks in affective neuroscience focus largely on univalenced states. As a result, it is not known whether ambivalent affect corresponds to a simultaneously positive and negative valenced state or whether it results from a rapid vacillation between positive and negative states. Here we hypothesize that ambivalent affect involves both mechanisms, that is, rapid vacillation and simultaneity of positive and negative affect, albeit at different neurobiological levels. Rapidly vacillating univalent emotions could give rise to an ambivalent feeling, a mechanism that depends on brainstem nuclei that facilitate rapid action programs of emotional behavior while inhibiting opposing behaviors. This reciprocal inhibition prevents organisms from simultaneously implementing responses to conflicting emotions but also allows for rapid switching between emotions triggered by counterfactual thinking and rapid reappraisal of situations. We propose that as these transitions occur and respective interoceptive information reaches the insular cortex, further processing of this "emotional moment" would allow separate emotional events to be experienced as one "mixed" and integrated feeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony G Vaccaro
- Brain and Creativity Institute, Dornsife College of Letters Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California
| | - Jonas T Kaplan
- Brain and Creativity Institute, Dornsife College of Letters Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California
| | - Antonio Damasio
- Brain and Creativity Institute, Dornsife College of Letters Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California
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9
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Bagley EE, Ingram SL. Endogenous opioid peptides in the descending pain modulatory circuit. Neuropharmacology 2020; 173:108131. [PMID: 32422213 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The opioid epidemic has led to a serious examination of the use of opioids for the treatment of pain. Opioid drugs are effective due to the expression of opioid receptors throughout the body. These receptors respond to endogenous opioid peptides that are expressed as polypeptide hormones that are processed by proteolytic cleavage. Endogenous opioids are expressed throughout the peripheral and central nervous system and regulate many different neuronal circuits and functions. One of the key functions of endogenous opioid peptides is to modulate our responses to pain. This review will focus on the descending pain modulatory circuit which consists of the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (PAG) projections to the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM). RVM projections modulate incoming nociceptive afferents at the level of the spinal cord. Stimulation within either the PAG or RVM results in analgesia and this circuit has been studied in detail in terms of the actions of exogenous opioids, such as morphine and fentanyl. Further emphasis on understanding the complex regulation of endogenous opioids will help to make rational decisions with regard to the use of opioids for pain. We also include a discussion of the actions of endogenous opioids in the amygdala, an upstream brain structure that has reciprocal connections to the PAG that contribute to the brain's response to pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena E Bagley
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Susan L Ingram
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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10
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Mendes-Lima T, Kirsten TB, Rodrigues PS, Sampaio ACS, Felício LF, Rocha PRDA, Reis-Silva TM, Bondan EF, Martins MFM, Queiroz-Hazarbassanov N, Bernardi MM. Prenatal LPS induces sickness behaviour and decreases maternal and predatory behaviours after an LPS challenge. Int J Neurosci 2020; 130:804-816. [PMID: 31916878 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1706505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The influence of a challenge dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the behavioural selection between maternal (MB) and predatory behaviours (PB) of female rats prenatally treated with the same endotoxin or saline solution (F1 generation) were studied.Material and methods: Thus, in adult age, these female rats were mated and, at lactation days 5 or 6, the following groups were formed: (1) LPS + LPS group-female rats prenatally treated with LPS and received an LPS challenge dose; (2) S + LPS group-female rats prenatally treated with saline solution and received a challenge LPS dose (3) S + S group-females rats prenatally treated with saline which received a saline injection. MB, PB to cockroaches, exploratory behaviour, periaqueductal grey (PAG) expression of the astrocytic biomarker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and corticosterone and TNF-alpha serum levels were evaluated.Results: Showed that: (1) relative to the S + S group, the LPS + S group showed decreased MB and slightly increased PB, without inducing sickness behaviour; (2) the LPS + LPS group showed decreased MB but few effects on PB; (3) there was increased sickness behaviour associated with increased TNF-alpha serum levels in the LPS + LPS group; (4) a significant increase in GFAP expression was observed in both LPS groups, which was greater in the LPS + LPS group and (5) no differences in the corticosterone of all groups.Conclusions: Prenatal LPS impaired the switch from MB to PB in female rats of the LPS + LPS group by increased sickness behaviour as well as an increase in plasmatic TNF-alpha levels inducing PAG astrogliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mendes-Lima
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Paulista University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - T B Kirsten
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Paulista University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - P S Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Paulista University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A C S Sampaio
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Paulista University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - L F Felício
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP CEP, Brazil
| | - P R D A Rocha
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Paulista University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - T M Reis-Silva
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Paulista University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - E F Bondan
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Paulista University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M F M Martins
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Paulista University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - N Queiroz-Hazarbassanov
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP CEP, Brazil
| | - M M Bernardi
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Paulista University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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11
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Swain JE, Ho SS. Early postpartum resting-state functional connectivity for mothers receiving buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder: A pilot study. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12770. [PMID: 31287922 PMCID: PMC7195812 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Between 1999 and 2014, the prevalence of opioid use disorder (OUD) among pregnant women quadrupled in the USA. The standard treatment for peripartum women with OUD is buprenorphine. However, the maternal behavior neurocircuit that regulates maternal behavior and mother-infant bonding has not been previously studied for human mothers receiving buprenorphine treatment for OUD (BT). Rodent research shows opioid effects on reciprocal inhibition between maternal care and defence maternal brain subsystems: the hypothalamus and periaqueductal gray, respectively. We conducted a longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) pilot study in humans to specifically examine resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) between the periaqueductal gray and hypothalamus, as well as to explore associations with maternal bonding for BT. We studied 32 mothers who completed fMRI scans at 1 month (T1) and 4 months postpartum (T2), including seven mothers receiving buprenorphine for OUD and 25 non-OUD mothers as a comparison group (CG). The participants underwent a 6-minute resting-state fMRI scan at each time point. We measured potential bonding impairments using the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire to explore how rs-FC with periaqueductal gray is associated with bonding impairments. Compared to CG, BT mothers differed in periaqueductal gray-dependent rs-FC with the hypothalamus, amygdala, insular cortex and other brain regions at T1, with many of these differences disappearing at T2, suggesting potential therapeutic effects of continuing buprenorphine treatment. In contrast, the "rejection and pathological anger" subscale of the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire at T1 and T2 was associated with the T1-to-T2 increases in periaqueductal gray-dependent rs-FC with the hypothalamus and amygdala. Preliminary evidence links maternal bonding problems for mothers with OUD early in the postpartum to connectivity between specific care and defence maternal brain circuits, which may be mitigated by buprenorphine treatment. This exploratory study supports a potential mechanism for investigating both the therapeutic benefits and risks of opioids for maternal care and bonding with infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E. Swain
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health & Psychology, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychology and Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - S. Shaun Ho
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health & Psychology, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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12
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Silva C, McNaughton N. Are periaqueductal gray and dorsal raphe the foundation of appetitive and aversive control? A comprehensive review. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 177:33-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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13
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Franklin TB. Recent Advancements Surrounding the Role of the Periaqueductal Gray in Predators and Prey. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:60. [PMID: 31133827 PMCID: PMC6524621 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in neural circuitry techniques, like optogenetics and chemogenetics, have allowed for a greater understanding of the periaqueductal gray (PAG) and its importance in predator and prey behaviors. These studies in rodents have highlighted the role of the rostrolateral PAG in hunting behaviors, and have demonstrated functional differences across the dorsal-ventral/rostral-caudal axes of the PAG associated with defensive behaviors. Human imaging studies have further demonstrated that the PAG is active during situations involving imminent threat suggesting that the function of the PAG is likely largely conserved across species. This mini-review article highlights some of the recent advancements towards our understanding of the functional neuroanatomy of the PAG and its importance in the predator and prey behaviors that are critical for survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara B Franklin
- The Social Lab, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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14
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George DT, Ameli R, Koob GF. Periaqueductal Gray Sheds Light on Dark Areas of Psychopathology. Trends Neurosci 2019; 42:349-360. [PMID: 30955857 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neurons in the periaqueductal gray (PAG) integrate negative emotions with the autonomic, neuroendocrine, and immune systems to facilitate responses to threat. Modern functional track tracing in animals and optogenetic and chemogenetic techniques show that the PAG is a rich substrate for the integration of active and passive responses to threat. In humans, the same regions of the PAG that give rise to adaptive anger/fight, fear/panic, depression/shutdown, pain, and predatory behaviors in response to challenging situations or overwhelming threats can become activated pathologically, resulting in symptoms that resemble those of psychiatric disorders. This review coalesces human and animal studies to link PAG neuropathways to specific elements of psychiatric diagnoses. The insights gained from this overview may eventually lead to new therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T George
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rezvan Ameli
- National Institute of Mental Health and NIH Clinical Center, Pain and Palliative Care Service, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - George F Koob
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA; National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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15
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Mayer HS, Helton J, Torres LY, Cortina I, Brown WM, Stolzenberg DS. Histone deacetylase inhibitor treatment induces postpartum-like maternal behavior and immediate early gene expression in the maternal neural pathway in virgin mice. Horm Behav 2019; 108:94-104. [PMID: 29499221 PMCID: PMC6135716 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The peripartum period is associated with the onset of behaviors that shelter, feed and protect young offspring from harm. The neural pathway that regulates caregiving behaviors has been mapped in female rats and is conserved in mice. However, rats rely on late gestational hormones to shift their perception of infant cues from aversive to attractive, whereas laboratory mice are "spontaneously" maternal, but their level of responding depends on experience. For example, pup-naïve virgin female mice readily care for pups in the home cage, but avoid pups in a novel environment. In contrast, pup-experienced virgin mice care for pups in both contexts. Thus, virgin mice rely on experience to shift their perception of infant cues from aversive to attractive in a novel context. We hypothesize that alterations in immediate early gene activation may underlie the experience-driven shift in which neural pathways (fear/avoidance versus maternal/approach) are activated by pups to modulate context-dependent changes in maternal responding. Here we report that the effects of sodium butyrate, a drug that allows for an amplification of experience-induced histone acetylation and gene expression in virgins, are comparable to the natural onset of caregiving behaviors in postpartum mice and induce postpartum-like patterns of immediate early gene expression across brain regions. These data suggest that pups can activate a fear/defensive circuit in mice and experience-driven improvements in caregiving behavior could be regulated in part through decreased activation of this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather S Mayer
- University of California, Davis, Department of Psychology, One Shields Ave. Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jamie Helton
- University of California, Davis, Department of Psychology, One Shields Ave. Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Lisette Y Torres
- University of California, Davis, Department of Psychology, One Shields Ave. Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ignacio Cortina
- University of California, Davis, Department of Psychology, One Shields Ave. Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Whitney M Brown
- University of California, Davis, Department of Psychology, One Shields Ave. Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Danielle S Stolzenberg
- University of California, Davis, Department of Psychology, One Shields Ave. Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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16
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Endogenous opioid signalling in the brain during pregnancy and lactation. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 375:69-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2948-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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17
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Tryon VL, Mizumori SJY. A Novel Role for the Periaqueductal Gray in Consummatory Behavior. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:178. [PMID: 30210313 PMCID: PMC6121074 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The periaqueductal gray (PAG) has a well-established role in pain processing, autonomic function and behavioral responses to fear. Anatomical work suggests the PAG may mediate food intake and reward processing as it has extensive reciprocal connections within brain circuits that mediate appetitive processes and consummatory behaviors such as prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus, amygdala, parabrachial nucleus (PBN) and ventral tegmental area (Kelley et al., 2005). Therefore, we investigated if the PAG of hungry rats has a functional role in appetitive and consummatory behaviors. To address this, PAG was pharmacologically inactivated during a spatial working memory task with muscimol (0.1-0.3 μg), a GABAA agonist via intracranial infusion. Inactivation of PAG led to reduced intake of food rewards and increased errors on this task. To focus on the specific effects PAG inactivation had on food consumption, PAG was inactivated during two separate food intake tasks in a separate group of rats. Again, PAG inactivation resulted in a significant decrease in food consumption, as well as an increased latency to consume food. We next investigated PAG neural responses to reward encounters. A different group of rats performed the same task used in Experiment 1 while the in vivo activity of PAG neurons was recorded. In a subset of PAG neurons, reward encounters elicited phasic excitation. A separate subset of PAG neurons were inhibited during reward encounters. These responses scaled with the size of the reward, with sustained excitation or inhibition in response to large rewards compared to small. Our data also show that separate groups of PAG neurons in awake behaving animals display either increased and decreased neural responses to reward encounters. Additionally, a proportion of neurons were modulated by the animals' velocity. This study is the first to show that PAG neurons process reward-related information, perhaps to mediate consummatory behaviors related to food consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Lee Tryon
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Sheri J. Y. Mizumori
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Neuroscience Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Motta SC, Carobrez AP, Canteras NS. The periaqueductal gray and primal emotional processing critical to influence complex defensive responses, fear learning and reward seeking. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 76:39-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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19
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Prefrontal cortical control of a brainstem social behavior circuit. Nat Neurosci 2017; 20:260-270. [PMID: 28067904 PMCID: PMC5580810 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex plays a critical role in adjusting an organism's behavior to its environment. In particular, numerous studies have implicated the prefrontal cortex in the control of social behavior, but the neural circuits that mediate these effects remain unknown. Here we investigated behavioral adaptation to social defeat in mice and uncovered a critical contribution of neural projections from the medial prefrontal cortex to the dorsal periaqueductal grey, a brainstem area vital for defensive responses. Social defeat caused a weakening of functional connectivity between these two areas and selective inhibition of these projections mimicked the behavioral effects of social defeat. These findings define a specific neural projection by which the prefrontal cortex can control and adapt social behavior.
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20
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Silva BA, Gross CT, Gräff J. The neural circuits of innate fear: detection, integration, action, and memorization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 23:544-55. [PMID: 27634145 PMCID: PMC5026211 DOI: 10.1101/lm.042812.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
How fear is represented in the brain has generated a lot of research attention, not only because fear increases the chances for survival when appropriately expressed but also because it can lead to anxiety and stress-related disorders when inadequately processed. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the understanding of the neural circuits processing innate fear in rodents. We propose that these circuits are contained within three main functional units in the brain: a detection unit, responsible for gathering sensory information signaling the presence of a threat; an integration unit, responsible for incorporating the various sensory information and recruiting downstream effectors; and an output unit, in charge of initiating appropriate bodily and behavioral responses to the threatful stimulus. In parallel, the experience of innate fear also instructs a learning process leading to the memorization of the fearful event. Interestingly, while the detection, integration, and output units processing acute fear responses to different threats tend to be harbored in distinct brain circuits, memory encoding of these threats seems to rely on a shared learning system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca A Silva
- Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics, Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cornelius T Gross
- Mouse Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Johannes Gräff
- Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics, Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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21
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Bilella A, Alvarez-Bolado G, Celio MR. TheFoxb1-expressing neurons of the ventrolateral hypothalamic parvafox nucleus project to defensive circuits. J Comp Neurol 2016; 524:2955-81. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bilella
- Anatomy Unit and Program in Neuroscience, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Sciences, University of Fribourg; CH-1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Gonzalo Alvarez-Bolado
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Heidelberg; 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Marco R. Celio
- Anatomy Unit and Program in Neuroscience, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Sciences, University of Fribourg; CH-1700 Fribourg Switzerland
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22
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Bridges RS. Long-term alterations in neural and endocrine processes induced by motherhood in mammals. Horm Behav 2016; 77:193-203. [PMID: 26388065 PMCID: PMC4724454 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This article is part of a Special Issue "Parental Care". The reproductive experience of pregnancy, lactation and motherhood can significantly remodel the female's biological state, affecting endocrine, neuroendocrine, neural, and immunological processes. The brain, pituitary gland, liver, thymus, and mammary tissue are among the structures that are modified by reproductive experience. The present review that focuses on rodent research, but also includes pertinent studies in sheep and other species, identifies specific changes in these processes brought about by the biological states of pregnancy, parturition, and lactation and how the components of reproductive experience contribute to the remodeling of the maternal brain and organ systems. Findings indicate that prior parity alters key circulating hormone levels and neural receptor gene expression. Moreover, reproductive experience results in modifications in neural processes and glial support. The possible role of pregnancy-induced neurogenesis is considered in the context of neuroplasticity and behavior, and the effects of reproductive experience on maternal memory, i.e. the retention of maternal behavior, together with anxiety and learning are presented. Together, these sets of findings support the concept that the neural and biological state of the adult female is significantly and dramatically altered on a long-term basis by the experiences of parity and motherhood. Remodeling of the maternal brain and other biological systems is posited to help facilitate adaptations to environmental/ecological challenges as the female raises young and ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Bridges
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA.
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23
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Pannese A, Grandjean D, Frühholz S. Subcortical processing in auditory communication. Hear Res 2015; 328:67-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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24
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Wilson JC, Kesler M, Pelegrin SLE, Kalvi L, Gruber A, Steenland HW. Watching from a distance: A robotically controlled laser and real-time subject tracking software for the study of conditioned predator/prey-like interactions. J Neurosci Methods 2015; 253:78-89. [PMID: 26112335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The physical distance between predator and prey is a primary determinant of behavior, yet few paradigms exist to study this reliably in rodents. NEW METHOD The utility of a robotically controlled laser for use in a predator-prey-like (PPL) paradigm was explored for use in rats. This involved the construction of a robotic two-dimensional gimbal to dynamically position a laser beam in a behavioral test chamber. Custom software was used to control the trajectory and final laser position in response to user input on a console. The software also detected the location of the laser beam and the rodent continuously so that the dynamics of the distance between them could be analyzed. When the animal or laser beam came within a fixed distance the animal would either be rewarded with electrical brain stimulation or shocked subcutaneously. RESULTS Animals that received rewarding electrical brain stimulation could learn to chase the laser beam, while animals that received aversive subcutaneous shock learned to actively avoid the laser beam in the PPL paradigm. Mathematical computations are presented which describe the dynamic interaction of the laser and rodent. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS The robotic laser offers a neutral stimulus to train rodents in an open field and is the first device to be versatile enough to assess distance between predator and prey in real time. CONCLUSIONS With ongoing behavioral testing this tool will permit the neurobiological investigation of predator/prey-like relationships in rodents, and may have future implications for prosthetic limb development through brain-machine interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Wilson
- NeuroTek-IT Incorporated, 44 Bristol Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M6H3J9
| | - Mitch Kesler
- University of Lethbridge, Canadian Center for Behavioural Neuroscience, 4401 University Dr. W., Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1K3M4
| | - Sara-Lynn E Pelegrin
- University of Lethbridge, Canadian Center for Behavioural Neuroscience, 4401 University Dr. W., Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1K3M4
| | - LeAnna Kalvi
- University of Lethbridge, Canadian Center for Behavioural Neuroscience, 4401 University Dr. W., Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1K3M4
| | - Aaron Gruber
- University of Lethbridge, Canadian Center for Behavioural Neuroscience, 4401 University Dr. W., Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1K3M4
| | - Hendrik W Steenland
- NeuroTek-IT Incorporated, 44 Bristol Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M6H3J9; University of Lethbridge, Canadian Center for Behavioural Neuroscience, 4401 University Dr. W., Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1K3M4.
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25
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Connecting prosocial behavior to improved physical health: Contributions from the neurobiology of parenting. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 55:1-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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26
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Cruz WS, Pereira LA, Cezar LC, Camarini R, Felicio LF, Bernardi MM, Teodorov E. Role of steroid hormones and morphine treatment in the modulation of opioid receptor gene expression in brain structures in the female rat. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:355. [PMID: 26191482 PMCID: PMC4503706 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study determined the effects of acute treatment with morphine on the expression of the Oprm1, Oprk1, and Oprd1 genes (which encode μ, κ, and δ receptors, respectively) in the striatum, hypothalamus, and periaqueductal gray (PAG) in ovariectomized female rats treated with estrogen. Ovariectomized female rats were divided into five equal groups. Two groups received estrogen (50 µg/kg, 54 h before testing) and saline (ES group) or 3.5 mg/kg morphine (EM group) 2 h before euthanasia. The SS group received saline solution 54 and 2 h before the experiments. The SM group received saline 54 h and 3.5 mg/kg morphine 2 h before the experiments. The W group remained undisturbed. The genes expression were evaluated. Oprm1 and Oprk1 expression were activated, respectively, in the hypothalamus and PAG and in the striatum and PAG by morphine only in estrogen-treated animals. Oprd1 expression in the hypothalamus and PAG was activated by morphine in both estrogen-treated and -nontreated animals. The Oprm1 and Oprk1 gene response to morphine might depend on estrogen, whereas the Oprd1 gene response to morphine might not depend on estrogen, supporting the hypothesis of a functional role for ovarian hormones in opioid receptor-mediated functional adaptations in the female brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Soares Cruz
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Paulista, UNIP, Dr. Bacelar, São Paulo, CEP 04026-002 Brazil
| | - Lucas Assis Pereira
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Paulista, UNIP, Dr. Bacelar, São Paulo, CEP 04026-002 Brazil
| | - Luana Carvalho Cezar
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Paulista, UNIP, Dr. Bacelar, São Paulo, CEP 04026-002 Brazil
| | - Rosana Camarini
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2415, Cidade Universitária, SP CEP 05508-900 Brazil
| | - Luciano Freitas Felicio
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508 270 Brazil
| | - Maria Martha Bernardi
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Paulista, UNIP, Dr. Bacelar, São Paulo, CEP 04026-002 Brazil ; Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, Av. Dos Estados, 5001, Santo André, CEP 09210-971 Brazil ; Av dos Estados, 5001, Santo André, SP CEP 09210-970 Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Teodorov
- Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, Av. Dos Estados, 5001, Santo André, CEP 09210-971 Brazil
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Tulogdi A, Biro L, Barsvari B, Stankovic M, Haller J, Toth M. Neural mechanisms of predatory aggression in rats—Implications for abnormal intraspecific aggression. Behav Brain Res 2015; 283:108-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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28
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Late pregnancy progesterone treatment as a modulatory signal for postpartum behavior. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 130:40-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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Periaqueductal gray μ and κ opioid receptors determine behavioral selection from maternal to predatory behavior in lactating rats. Behav Brain Res 2014; 274:62-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Kinsley CH, Blair JC, Karp NE, Hester NW, McNamara IM, Orthmeyer AL, McSweeney MC, Bardi MM, Karelina K, Christon LM, Sirkin MR, Victoria LW, Skurka DJ, Fyfe CR, Hudepohl MB, Felicio LF, Franssen RA, Meyer EEA, da Silva IS, Lambert KG. The mother as hunter: significant reduction in foraging costs through enhancements of predation in maternal rats. Horm Behav 2014; 66:649-54. [PMID: 25240277 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In previous laboratory investigations, we have identified enhanced cognition and reduced stress in parous rats, which are likely adaptations in mothers needing to efficiently exploit resources to maintain, protect and provision their immature offspring. Here, in a series of seven behavioral tests on rats, we examined a natural interface between cognition and resource gathering: predation. Experiment 1 compared predatory behavior (toward crickets) in age-matched nulliparous mothers (NULLs) and postpartum lactating mothers (LACTs), revealing a highly significant enhancement of predation in LACT females (mean = -65s in LACTs, vs. -270s in NULLs). Experiment 2 examined the possibility that LACTs, given their increased metabolic rate, were hungrier, and thus more motivated to hunt; doubling the length of time of food deprivation in NULLs did not decrease their predatory latencies. Experiments 3-5, which examined sensory regulation of the effect, indicated that olfaction (anosmia), audition (blockade with white noise), and somatosensation (trimming the vibrissae) appear to play little role in the behavioral enhancement observed in the LACTs; Experiment 6 examined the possibility that visual augmentations may facilitate the improvements in predation; testing LACTs in a 0-lux environment eliminated the behavioral advantage (increasing their latencies from -65s to -212s), which suggests that temporary augmentation to the visual system may be important, and with hormone-neural alterations therein a likely candidate for further study. In contrast, testing NULLS in the 0-lux environment had the opposite effect, reducing their latency to catch the cricket (from -270s to -200s). Finally, Experiment 7 examined the development of predatory behavior in Early-pregnant (PREG), Mid-PREG, and Late-PREG females. Here, we observed a significant enhancement of predation in Mid-PREG and Late-PREG females--at a time when maternity-associated bodily changes would be expected to diminish predation ability--relative to NULLs. Therefore, as with the increasing reports of enhancements to the maternal brain, it is apparent that meaningful behavioral adaptations occur that likewise promote the survival of the mother and her infants at a crucial stage of their lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Howard Kinsley
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA.
| | - Jamie C Blair
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | - Natalie E Karp
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | - Naomi W Hester
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | - Ilan M McNamara
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | - Angela L Orthmeyer
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | - Molly C McSweeney
- Department of Psychology, Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA 17013, USA
| | - Massimo M Bardi
- Department of Psychology, Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, Virginia 23005, USA
| | - Kate Karelina
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | - Lillian M Christon
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | - Maxwell R Sirkin
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | - Lindsay W Victoria
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | - Danielle J Skurka
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | - Christian R Fyfe
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | - Margaret B Hudepohl
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | - Luciano F Felicio
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - R Adam Franssen
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | - Elizabeth E A Meyer
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | - Ilton S da Silva
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kelly G Lambert
- Department of Psychology, Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, Virginia 23005, USA
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Goebrecht GKE, Kowtoniuk RA, Kelly BG, Kittelberger JM. Sexually-dimorphic expression of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the brain of a vocal teleost fish (Porichthys notatus). J Chem Neuroanat 2014; 56:13-34. [PMID: 24418093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Vocal communication has emerged as a powerful model for the study of neural mechanisms of social behavior. Modulatory neurochemicals postulated to play a central role in social behavior, related to motivation, arousal, incentive and reward, include the catecholamines, particularly dopamine and noradrenaline. Many questions remain regarding the functional mechanisms by which these modulators interact with sensory and motor systems. Here, we begin to address these questions in a model system for vocal and social behavior, the plainfin midshipman fish (Porichthys notatus). We mapped the distribution of immunoreactivity for the catecholamine-synthesizing enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the midshipman brain. The general pattern of TH(+) cell groups in midshipman appears to be highly conserved with other teleost fish, with a few exceptions, including the apparent absence of pretectal catecholamine cells. Many components of the midshipman vocal and auditory systems were innervated by TH(+) fibers and terminals, including portions of the subpallial area ventralis, the preoptic complex, and the anterior hypothalamus, the midbrain periaqueductal gray and torus semicircularis, several hindbrain auditory nuclei, and parts of the hindbrain vocal pattern generator. These areas thus represent potential sites for catecholamine modulation of vocal and/or auditory behavior. To begin to test functionally whether catecholamines modulate vocal social behaviors, we hypothesized that male and female midshipman, which are sexually dimorphic in both their vocal-motor repertoires and in their responses to hearing conspecific vocalizations, should exhibit sexually dimorphic expression of TH immunoreactivity in their vocal and/or auditory systems. We used quantitative immunohistochemical techniques to test this hypothesis across a number of brain areas. We found significantly higher levels of TH expression in male midshipman relative to females in the TH cell population in the paraventricular organ of the diencephalon and in the TH-innervated torus semicircularis, the main teleost midbrain auditory structure. The torus semicircularis has been implicated in sexually dimorphic behavioral responses to conspecific vocalizations. Our data thus support the general idea that catecholamines modulate vocal and auditory processing in midshipman, and the specific hypothesis that they shape sexually dimorphic auditory responses in the auditory midbrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine K E Goebrecht
- Department of Biology, Gettysburg College, 300 North Washington Street, Gettysburg, PA 17325, USA.
| | - Robert A Kowtoniuk
- Department of Biology, Gettysburg College, 300 North Washington Street, Gettysburg, PA 17325, USA.
| | - Brenda G Kelly
- Department of Biology, Gettysburg College, 300 North Washington Street, Gettysburg, PA 17325, USA.
| | - J Matthew Kittelberger
- Department of Biology, Gettysburg College, 300 North Washington Street, Gettysburg, PA 17325, USA.
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Nelson A, Schneider DM, Takatoh J, Sakurai K, Wang F, Mooney R. A circuit for motor cortical modulation of auditory cortical activity. J Neurosci 2013; 33:14342-53. [PMID: 24005287 PMCID: PMC3761045 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2275-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal hearing depends on the ability to distinguish self-generated sounds from other sounds, and this ability is thought to involve neural circuits that convey copies of motor command signals to various levels of the auditory system. Although such interactions at the cortical level are believed to facilitate auditory comprehension during movements and drive auditory hallucinations in pathological states, the synaptic organization and function of circuitry linking the motor and auditory cortices remain unclear. Here we describe experiments in the mouse that characterize circuitry well suited to transmit motor-related signals to the auditory cortex. Using retrograde viral tracing, we established that neurons in superficial and deep layers of the medial agranular motor cortex (M2) project directly to the auditory cortex and that the axons of some of these deep-layer cells also target brainstem motor regions. Using in vitro whole-cell physiology, optogenetics, and pharmacology, we determined that M2 axons make excitatory synapses in the auditory cortex but exert a primarily suppressive effect on auditory cortical neuron activity mediated in part by feedforward inhibition involving parvalbumin-positive interneurons. Using in vivo intracellular physiology, optogenetics, and sound playback, we also found that directly activating M2 axon terminals in the auditory cortex suppresses spontaneous and stimulus-evoked synaptic activity in auditory cortical neurons and that this effect depends on the relative timing of motor cortical activity and auditory stimulation. These experiments delineate the structural and functional properties of a corticocortical circuit that could enable movement-related suppression of auditory cortical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Nelson
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - David M. Schneider
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Jun Takatoh
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Katsuyasu Sakurai
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Richard Mooney
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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Kittelberger JM, Bass AH. Vocal-motor and auditory connectivity of the midbrain periaqueductal gray in a teleost fish. J Comp Neurol 2013; 521:791-812. [PMID: 22826153 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) plays a central role in the descending control of vocalization across vertebrates. The PAG has also been implicated in auditory-vocal integration, although its precise role in such integration remains largely unexplored. Courtship and territorial interactions in plainfin midshipman fish depend on vocal communication, and the PAG is a central component of the midshipman vocal-motor system. We made focal neurobiotin injections into the midshipman PAG to both map its auditory-vocal circuitry and allow evolutionary comparisons with tetrapod vertebrates. These injections revealed an extensive bidirectional pattern of connectivity between the PAG and known sites in both the descending vocal-motor and the ascending auditory systems, including portions of the telencephalon, dorsal thalamus, hypothalamus, posterior tuberculum, midbrain, and hindbrain. Injections in the medial PAG produced dense label within hindbrain auditory nuclei, whereas those confined to the lateral PAG preferentially labeled hypothalamic and midbrain auditory areas. Thus, the teleost PAG may have functional subdivisions playing different roles in vocal-auditory integration. Together the results confirm several pathways previously identified by injections into known auditory or vocal areas and provide strong support for the hypothesis that the teleost PAG is centrally involved in auditory-vocal integration.
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Parsons CE, Young KS, Joensson M, Brattico E, Hyam JA, Stein A, Green AL, Aziz TZ, Kringelbach ML. Ready for action: a role for the human midbrain in responding to infant vocalizations. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2013; 9:977-84. [PMID: 23720574 PMCID: PMC4090964 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nst076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Infant vocalizations are among the most biologically salient sounds in the environment and can draw the listener to the infant rapidly in both times of distress and joy. A region of the midbrain, the periaqueductal gray (PAG), has long been implicated in the control of urgent, survival-related behaviours. To test for PAG involvement in the processing of infant vocalizations, we recorded local field potentials from macroelectrodes implanted in this region in four adults who had undergone deep brain stimulation. We found a significant difference occurring as early as 49 ms after hearing a sound in activity recorded from the PAG in response to infant vocalizations compared with constructed control sounds and adult and animal affective vocalizations. This difference was not present in recordings from thalamic electrodes implanted in three of the patients. Time frequency analyses revealed distinct patterns of activity in the PAG for infant vocalisations, constructed control sounds and adult and animal vocalisations. These results suggest that human infant vocalizations can be discriminated from other emotional or acoustically similar sounds early in the auditory pathway. We propose that this specific, rapid activity in response to infant vocalizations may reflect the initiation of a state of heightened alertness necessary to instigate protective caregiving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E Parsons
- University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK, Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki and Center of Excellence in Interdisciplinary Music Research, University of Jyväskylä, Finland, and Department of Neurosurgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UKUniversity Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK, Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki and Center of Excellence in Interdisciplinary Music Research, University of Jyväskylä, Finland, and Department of Neurosurgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Katherine S Young
- University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK, Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki and Center of Excellence in Interdisciplinary Music Research, University of Jyväskylä, Finland, and Department of Neurosurgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UKUniversity Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK, Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki and Center of Excellence in Interdisciplinary Music Research, University of Jyväskylä, Finland, and Department of Neurosurgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Morten Joensson
- University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK, Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki and Center of Excellence in Interdisciplinary Music Research, University of Jyväskylä, Finland, and Department of Neurosurgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UKUniversity Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK, Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki and Center of Excellence in Interdisciplinary Music Research, University of Jyväskylä, Finland, and Department of Neurosurgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Elvira Brattico
- University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK, Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki and Center of Excellence in Interdisciplinary Music Research, University of Jyväskylä, Finland, and Department of Neurosurgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Jonathan A Hyam
- University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK, Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki and Center of Excellence in Interdisciplinary Music Research, University of Jyväskylä, Finland, and Department of Neurosurgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Alan Stein
- University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK, Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki and Center of Excellence in Interdisciplinary Music Research, University of Jyväskylä, Finland, and Department of Neurosurgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Alexander L Green
- University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK, Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki and Center of Excellence in Interdisciplinary Music Research, University of Jyväskylä, Finland, and Department of Neurosurgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Tipu Z Aziz
- University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK, Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki and Center of Excellence in Interdisciplinary Music Research, University of Jyväskylä, Finland, and Department of Neurosurgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Morten L Kringelbach
- University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK, Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki and Center of Excellence in Interdisciplinary Music Research, University of Jyväskylä, Finland, and Department of Neurosurgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UKUniversity Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK, Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki and Center of Excellence in Interdisciplinary Music Research, University of Jyväskylä, Finland, and Department of Neurosurgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UKUniversity Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK, Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki and Center of Excellence in Interdisciplinary Music Research, University of Jyväskylä, Finland, and Department of Neurosurgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
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Teodorov E, Ferrari M, Fior-Chadi D, Camarini R, Felício L. Behavioral meaningful opioidergic stimulation activates kappa receptor gene expression. Braz J Med Biol Res 2012; 45:982-7. [PMID: 22641418 PMCID: PMC3854178 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2012007500091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The periaqueductal gray (PAG) has been reported to be a location for opioid regulation of pain and a potential site for behavioral selection in females. Opioid-mediated behavioral and physiological responses differ according to the activity of opioid receptor subtypes. The present study investigated the effects of the peripheral injection of the kappa-opioid receptor agonist U69593 into the dorsal subcutaneous region of animals on maternal behavior and on Oprk1 gene activity in the PAG of female rats. Female Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g at the beginning of the study were randomly divided into 2 groups for maternal behavior and gene expression experiments. On day 5, pups were removed at 7:00 am and placed in another home cage that was distant from their mother. Thirty minutes after removing the pups, the dams were treated with U69593 (0.15 mg/kg, sc) or 0.9% saline (up to 1 mL/kg) and after 30 min were evaluated in the maternal behavior test. Latencies in seconds for pup retrieval, grouping, crouching, and full maternal behavior were scored. The results showed that U69593 administration inhibited maternal behavior (P < 0.05) because a lower percentage of kappa group dams showed retrieval of first pup, retrieving all pups, grouping, crouching and displaying full maternal behavior compared to the saline group. Opioid gene expression was evaluated using real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A single injection of U69593 increased Oprk1 PAG expression in both virgin (P < 0.05) and lactating female rats (P < 0.01), with no significant effect on Oprm1 or Oprd1 gene activity. Thus, the expression of kappa-opioid receptors in the PAG may be modulated by single opioid receptor stimulation and behavioral meaningful opioidergic transmission in the adult female might occur simultaneously to specific changes in gene expression of kappa-opioid receptor subtype. This is yet another alert for the complex role of the opioid system in female reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Teodorov
- Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - M.F.R. Ferrari
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - D.R. Fior-Chadi
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - R. Camarini
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - L.F. Felício
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Hahn JD, Swanson LW. Connections of the lateral hypothalamic area juxtadorsomedial region in the male rat. J Comp Neurol 2012; 520:1831-90. [PMID: 22488503 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The connections of the lateral hypothalamic area juxtadorsomedial region (LHAjd) were investigated in a series of pathway-tracing experiments involving iontophoretic co-injection of the tracers Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin (PHA-L; for outputs) and cholera toxin B subunit (CTB; for inputs). Results revealed that the LHAjd has connections with some 318 distinct gray matter regions encompassing all four subsystems-motor, sensory, cognitive, and behavioral state-included in a basic structure-function network model of the nervous system. Integration of these subsystems is necessary for the coordination and control of emotion and behavior, and in that regard the connections of the LHAjd indicate that it may have a prominent role. Furthermore, the LHAjd connections, together with the connections of other LHA differentiations studied similarly to date, indicate a distinct topographic organization that suggests each LHA differentiation has specifically differing degrees of involvement in the control of multiple behaviors. For the LHAjd, its involvement to a high degree in the control of defensive behavior, and to a lesser degree in the control of other behaviors, including ingestive and reproductive, is suggested. Moreover, the connections of the LHAjd suggest that its possible role in the control of these behaviors may be very broad in scope because they involve the somatic, neuroendocrine, and autonomic divisions of the nervous system. In addition, we suggest that connections between LHA differentiations may provide, at the level of the hypothalamus, a neuronal substrate for the coordinated control of multiple themes in the behavioral repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel D Hahn
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-2520, USA.
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37
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Glutamatergic mechanisms of the dorsal periaqueductal gray matter modulate the expression of conditioned freezing and fear-potentiated startle. Neuroscience 2012; 219:72-81. [PMID: 22698693 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that excitatory amino acids induce unconditioned fear responses when locally injected into the dorsal periaqueductal gray matter (dPAG). However, there are only few studies about the involvement of excitatory amino acids mediation in dPAG in the expression of conditioned fear. The present series of experiments evaluates the participation of AMPA/Kainate and NMDA glutamatergic receptors of dPAG in the expression of conditioned fear, assessed by the fear-potentiated startle (FPS) and conditioned freezing responses. Wistar rats were subjected to fear conditioning to light. Twenty-four hours later, they received intra-dPAG injections of kainic acid or NMDA (AMPA/Kainate and NMDA agonists) and 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-6-nitro-2,3-dioxo-benzo[f]quinoxaline-7-sulfonamide disodium salt hydrate (NBQX) or D(-)-2-Amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid (AP7) (AMPA/Kainate and NMDA antagonists) and were submitted to the FPS test. Conditioned freezing response was simultaneously measured. Effects of drug treatment on motor activity were evaluated in the open-field test. Intra-dPAG injections of glutamatergic agonists enhanced conditioned freezing and promoted pro-aversive effects in the FPS. Lower doses of the agonists had no effect or enhanced FPS whereas higher doses disrupted FPS, indicating a non-monotonic relationship between fear and FPS. The antagonist NBQX had no significant effects while AP7 decreased conditioned freezing but did not affect FPS. Both antagonists reduced the effects of the agonists. The obtained results cannot be attributed to motor deficits. The results suggest an important role of the AMPA/Kainate and NMDA mechanisms of the dPAG in the expression of conditioned freezing and FPS.
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38
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Madsen HB, Brown RM, Short JL, Lawrence AJ. Investigation of the neuroanatomical substrates of reward seeking following protracted abstinence in mice. J Physiol 2012; 590:2427-42. [PMID: 22393250 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2011.225219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent vulnerability to relapse represents a major challenge in the treatment of drug addiction. The brain circuitry that underlies relapse-like behaviour can be investigated using animal models of drug seeking. As yet there have been no comprehensive brain mapping studies that have specifically examined the neuroanatomical substrates of cue-induced opiate seeking following abstinence in a mouse operant paradigm. The aim of this study was to compare the brain regions involved in sucrose vs. morphine seeking following protracted abstinence in mice. Male CD1 mice were trained to respond for either sucrose (10% w/v) or intravenous morphine (0.1 mg kg(-1) per infusion) in an operant paradigm in the presence of a discrete cue. Once stable responding was established, mice were subjected to abstinence in their home cages for 3 weeks and then perfused for tissue collection, or returned to the operant chambers to assess cue-induced reward seeking before being perfused for tissue collection. Brain tissue was processed for Fos immunohistochemistry and Fos expression was quantified in a range of brain nuclei. We identified unique patterns of neuronal activation for sucrose and morphine seeking mice as well as some overlap. Structures activated in both ‘relapse' groups included the anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens shell, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, substantia nigra pars compacta, ventral tegmental area, hippocampus, periaqueductal grey, locus coeruleus and lateral habenula. Structures that were more activated in morphine seeking mice included the nucleus accumbens core, basolateral amygdala, substantia nigra pars reticulata, and the central nucleus of the amygdala. The dorsal raphe was the only structure examined that was specifically activated in sucrose seeking mice. Overall our findings support a cortico-striatal limbic circuit driving opiate seeking, and we have identified some additional circuitry potentially relevant to reward seeking following abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather B Madsen
- Florey Neuroscience Institutes, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia, 3010
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Mota-Ortiz SR, Sukikara MH, Bittencourt JC, Baldo MV, Elias CF, Felicio LF, Canteras NS. The periaqueductal gray as a critical site to mediate reward seeking during predatory hunting. Behav Brain Res 2012; 226:32-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 08/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Abstract
In the rat, the change from a virgin/nulliparous female to the maternal animal takes place at many levels. A subtle developmental wave washes over the female nervous system and transforms her from largely self-centred to offspring-directed, from personal care and protection to care of genetically-related offspring, from indifference to ardour. Such change is preceded by substantial and apparently permanent neural alterations, the depth of which results in the maternal brain, and is the basis of the present review. The neuroplasticity of pregnancy, inherent to the female brain and, we believe, representative of the full expression of the female nervous system's capacity, is a result of significant hormonal and other neurochemical actions. It results in the striking brain changes that are associated with, and necessary for, successful reproduction. We discuss some of these changes and their ramifications. Collectively, they represent the culmination of mammalian evolution and have led to the development of the social brain characteristic of higher orders of mammal, including the human. We also examine different facets of the maternal brain, beginning with a review of the genes involved in maternal behaviour, and in the subsequent 'expression' of the maternal brain. We next discuss olfaction and the manner in which this major sense draws from the rich sensory milieu of the mother to regulate and support maternal behaviour. Last, we discuss the 'whys' of maternal behaviour, a theoretical foray into the reasons for such substantial maternal brain alterations. We focus on the male's potential role as the raison d'etre for the manifest alterations in his mate's brain. In the end, it is clear that the female brain undergoes a significant reorganisation en route to motherhood, the results of which are deep and enduring.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Kinsley
- Department of Psychology-Center for Neuroscience, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA.
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Sukikara MH, Cruz AM, Felippe ECG, Anselmo-Franci JA, Canteras NS, de Oliveira CA, Felicio LF. Morphine-induced changes in opioid sensitivity in postpartum females: a unique progesterone response. J Neuroendocrinol 2011; 23:1134-8. [PMID: 21696473 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2011.02182.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Opioid peptides play an important role in maternal behaviour, as well as in physiological and pathological phenomena involving motivation. Daily 3.5 mg/kg doses of morphine from days 17-21 of pregnancy are able to change the expression of maternal behaviour patterns. However, the role of hormones on such opioid behavioural actions remains to be determined. The present study investigated the endocrine responses to this morphine treatment. Corticosterone, progesterone, oestradiol and prolactin serum concentrations were measured after each morphine injection. No significant differences were found in corticosterone, oestradiol or prolactin serum concentrations. The results suggest that the treatment was unable to promote different effects, other than those caused by saline injections. In morphine-treated animals, however, progesterone concentrations were consistently and significantly increased from days 18-20 of treatment. Thus, because this behavioural meaningful opioidergic stimulation during late pregnancy affects progesterone levels, the findings of the present study raise the hypothesis that this hormone may play a role in morphine-induced changes in opioid sensitivity during late pregnancy and early lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Sukikara
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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dos Santos LM, Boschen SL, Bortolanza M, de Oliveira WF, Furigo IC, Mota-Ortiz SR, Da Cunha C, Canteras NS. The role of the ventrolateral caudoputamen in predatory hunting. Physiol Behav 2011; 105:893-8. [PMID: 22061428 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The ventrolateral caudoputamen (VLCP) is well known to participate in the control of orofacial movements and forepaw usage accompanying feeding behavior. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that insect hunting is associated with a distinct Fos up-regulation in the VLCP at intermediate rostro-caudal levels. Moreover, using the reversible blockade with lidocaine, we have previously suggested that the VLCP implements the stereotyped actions seen during prey capture and handling, and may influence the motivational drive to start attacking the roaches, as well. However, considering that (1) lidocaine suppresses action potentials not only in neurons, but also in fibers-of-passage, rendering the observed behavioral effect not specific to the ventrolateral caudoputamen; (2) the short lidocaine-induced inactivation period had left a relatively narrow window to observe the behavioral changes; and (3) that the restriction stress to inject the drug could have also disturbed hunting behavior, in the present study, we have examined the role of the VLCP in predatory hunting by placing bilateral NMDA lesions three weeks previous to the behavior testing. We were able to confirm that the VLCP serves to implement the stereotyped sequence of actions seen during prey capture and handling, but the study did not confirm its role in influencing the motivational drive to hunt. Together with other studies from our group, the present work serves as an important piece of information that helps to reveal the neural systems underlying predatory hunting.
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Siviy SM, Panksepp J. In search of the neurobiological substrates for social playfulness in mammalian brains. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2011; 35:1821-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Revised: 03/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Mendes-Gomes J, Amaral VCS, Nunes-de-Souza RL. Ventrolateral periaqueductal gray lesion attenuates nociception but does not change anxiety-like indices or fear-induced antinociception in mice. Behav Brain Res 2011; 219:248-53. [PMID: 21238499 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The exposure of rodents to an open elevated plus-maze (oEPM: four open arms raised from the floor) elicits naloxone-insensitive antinociception. Midazolam infusion into the dorsal portion of the periaqueductal gray (dPAG), a structure of the descending inhibitory system of pain, failed to alter oEPM-induced antinociception. Chemical lesion of dorsomedial and dorsolateral PAG attenuated defensive behavior in the standard EPM (sEPM), an animal model of anxiety, but failed to change oEPM-induced antinociception. The present study investigated the effects of bilateral lesion, with the injection of NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartic acid), of the ventrolateral column of PAG (vlPAG) (i) on nociceptive response induced by 2.5% formalin injected into the right hind paw (nociception test) in mice exposed to the enclosed EPM (eEPM: four enclosed arms - a non-aversive situation) or to the oEPM and (ii) on anxiety indices in mice exposed to the sEPM without prior formalin injection. Results showed that oEPM-induced antinociception was not altered by lesion of vlPAG. Nevertheless, the lesion reduced the nociceptive response in mice exposed to the eEPM and increased general locomotor activity during the eEPM and oEPM exposure. Furthermore, vlPAG lesion did not alter anxiety-like indices in mice exposed to the sEPM. The results suggest that vlPAG does not play a role in oEPM-induced antinociception or in defensive reactions assessed in the sEPM. Moreover, vlPAG inactivation induces pain inhibition in mice not exposed to an aversive situation and seems to increase general activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Mendes-Gomes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicobiologia, FFCLRP-USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, CEP 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Karami M, Zarrindast MR. Place aversion by morphine in offspring born of female morphine administered wistar rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2011; 10:577-84. [PMID: 24250391 PMCID: PMC3813028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This research was designed to study sexual differences in place conditioning induced by morphine in offspring born of female Wistar rats mated with drug-naïve males. Mothers were exposed to morphine during the 14(th)-16(th) days of gestational. Control dams were simply saline-injected. Female and male virgin offspring born of morphine-treated or saline-treated mothers were separately housed until become fully matured. A 3-day schedule of an unbiased conditioning procedure was used to the induce conditioning to morphine (2.5-7.5 mg/Kg, SC) in the offspring. According to the results, female offspring born of saline-administered mothers were morphine place-conditioned at lower doses of opioid (2.5 mg/Kg) in comparison to the males. An increase in locomotor activity in the females at 7.5 mg/Kg of opioid was also revealed. In contrast, administration of morphine (2.5-7.5 mg/Kg, SC), induced a significant aversion in either sexes of offspring born of morphine-exposed mothers. Moreover, female offspring of this category acquired more pronounced aversion at higher doses of morphine than males. In addition, a significant morphine-dose effect (7.5 mg/Kg, SC) on locomotor activity of these females' offspring was observed. This study may highlight sex differences in conditioning effects induced by morphine between offspring derived of morphine-treated mothers and those of saline-treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manizheh Karami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.,Basic Sciences Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.,Corresponding author: E-mail:
| | - Mohammad Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Moura L, Canteras N, Sukikara M, Felicio L. Morphine infusions into the rostrolateral periaqueductal gray affect maternal behaviors. Braz J Med Biol Res 2010; 43:899-905. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2010007500085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Plasticity of Opioid Receptors in the Female Periaqueductal Gray: Multiparity-Induced Increase in the Activity of Genes Encoding for Mu and Kappa Receptors and a Post-Translational Decrease in Delta Receptor Expression. J Mol Neurosci 2010; 43:175-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-010-9407-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sukikara MH, Mota-Ortiz SR, Baldo MV, Felicio LF, Canteras NS. The periaqueductal gray and its potential role in maternal behavior inhibition in response to predatory threats. Behav Brain Res 2010; 209:226-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Revised: 01/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Cruz ADM, Maiorka PC, Canteras NS, Sukikara MH, Felicio LF. Morphine treatment during pregnancy modulates behavioral selection in lactating rats. Physiol Behav 2010; 101:40-4. [PMID: 20416331 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Revised: 04/05/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that treatment of postpartum female rats with morphine inhibits maternal behavior and stimulates foraging. Exposure to drugs of abuse may result in a progressive enhancement of their reinforcing effects. Puerperal treatment with morphine leads to reverse tolerance to this drug. The present study investigated whether repeated morphine treatment during late pregnancy may influence the effects of different morphine dosages on behavioral selection in lactating rats. Females were simultaneously exposed to pups and insects, and the choice between taking care of the pups and hunting insects was observed. Female Wistar rats were treated with morphine (3.5 mg/kg/day, subcutaneous [s.c.]) or saline for 5 days beginning on pregnancy day 17. On day 5 of lactation, animals were acutely challenged with morphine (0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 mg/kg, s.c.; MM0.5, MM1.0, and MM1.5 groups, respectively) or saline (MS group) and tested for predatory hunting and maternal behavior. Control groups were pretreated with saline and challenged with morphine (SM0.5, SM1.0, and SM1.5 groups) or saline (SS group). Animals treated with morphine during late pregnancy and acutely challenged with 1.0 mg/kg morphine (MM1.0 group) exhibited significantly decreased maternal behavior and enhanced hunting. This effect was not evident with the 0.5 mg/kg dose. The 1.5 mg/kg morphine dose decreased maternal behavior and increased hunting in both the MM1.5 group and in animals challenged with morphine after previous saline treatment (SM1.5 group). These results provide evidence of plasticity of the opioidergic role in behavioral selection during lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline de Mello Cruz
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo SP, CEP 05588-000, Brasil.
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Kincheski GC, Carobrez AP. The dorsal periaqueductal gray modulates the increased fear-like behavior exhibited by experienced rats in the elevated plus-maze. Behav Brain Res 2010; 206:120-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2009.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Revised: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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