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Lin Y, Lee C, Sung J, Chen C. Genetic exploration of roles of acid-sensing ion channel subtypes in neurosensory mechanotransduction including proprioception. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:66-80. [PMID: 37489658 PMCID: PMC10988671 DOI: 10.1113/ep090762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Although acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are proton-gated ion channels responsible for sensing tissue acidosis, accumulating evidence has shown that ASICs are also involved in neurosensory mechanotransduction. However, in contrast to Piezo ion channels, evidence of ASICs as mechanically gated ion channels has not been found using conventional mechanoclamp approaches. Instead, ASICs are involved in the tether model of mechanotransduction, with the channels gated via tethering elements of extracellular matrix and intracellular cytoskeletons. Methods using substrate deformation-driven neurite stretch and micropipette-guided ultrasound were developed to reveal the roles of ASIC3 and ASIC1a, respectively. Here we summarize the evidence supporting the roles of ASICs in neurosensory mechanotransduction in knockout mouse models of ASIC subtypes and provide insight to further probe their roles in proprioception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Chen Lin
- Department of Neurology, Wan Fang HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational MedicineTaipei Medical University and Academia SinicaNew Taipei CityTaiwan
- Taipei Neuroscience InstituteTaipei Medical UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Cheng‐Han Lee
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
- Neuroscience Program of Academia SinicaAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Jia‐Ying Sung
- Department of Neurology, Wan Fang HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Taipei Neuroscience InstituteTaipei Medical UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chih‐Cheng Chen
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational MedicineTaipei Medical University and Academia SinicaNew Taipei CityTaiwan
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
- Neuroscience Program of Academia SinicaAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
- Taiwan Mouse Clinic – National Comprehensive Mouse Phenotyping and Drug Testing CenterAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
- TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
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2
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Macefield VG, Smith LJ, Norcliffe‐Kaufmann L, Palma J, Kaufmann H. Sensorimotor control in the congenital absence of functional muscle spindles. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:27-34. [PMID: 37029664 PMCID: PMC10988665 DOI: 10.1113/ep090768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type III (HSAN III), also known as familial dysautonomia or Riley-Day syndrome, results from an autosomal recessive genetic mutation that causes a selective loss of specific sensory neurones, leading to greatly elevated pain and temperature thresholds, poor proprioception, marked ataxia and disturbances in blood pressure control. Stretch reflexes are absent throughout the body, which can be explained by the absence of functional muscle spindle afferents - assessed by intraneural microelectrodes inserted into peripheral nerves in the upper and lower limbs. This also explains the greatly compromised proprioception at the knee joint, as assessed by passive joint-angle matching. Moreover, there is a tight correlation between loss of proprioceptive acuity at the knee and the severity of gait impairment. Surprisingly, proprioception is normal at the elbow, suggesting that participants are relying more on sensory cues from the overlying skin; microelectrode recordings have shown that myelinated tactile afferents in the upper and lower limbs appear to be normal. Nevertheless, the lack of muscle spindles does affect sensorimotor control in the upper limb: in addition to poor performance in the finger-to-nose test, manual performance in the Purdue pegboard task is much worse than in age-matched healthy controls. Unlike those rare individuals with large-fibre sensory neuropathy, in which both muscle spindle and cutaneous afferents are absent, those with HSAN III present as a means of assessing sensorimotor control following the selective loss of muscle spindle afferents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lyndon J. Smith
- School of MedicineWestern Sydney UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Lucy Norcliffe‐Kaufmann
- Dysautonomia Center, Department of NeurologyNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Jose‐Alberto Palma
- Dysautonomia Center, Department of NeurologyNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Horacio Kaufmann
- Dysautonomia Center, Department of NeurologyNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
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Blumer R, Carrero‐Rojas G, Calvo PM, Streicher J, de la Cruz RR, Pastor AM. Proprioceptors in extraocular muscles. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:17-26. [PMID: 36869596 PMCID: PMC10988737 DOI: 10.1113/ep090765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Proprioception is the sense that lets us perceive the location, movement and action of the body parts. The proprioceptive apparatus includes specialized sense organs (proprioceptors) which are embedded in the skeletal muscles. The eyeballs are moved by six pairs of eye muscles and binocular vision depends on fine-tuned coordination of the optical axes of both eyes. Although experimental studies indicate that the brain has access to eye position information, both classical proprioceptors (muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organ) are absent in the extraocular muscles of most mammalian species. This paradox of monitoring extraocular muscle activity in the absence of typical proprioceptors seemed to be resolved when a particular nerve specialization (the palisade ending) was detected in the extraocular muscles of mammals. In fact, for decades there was consensus that palisade endings were sensory structures that provide eye position information. The sensory function was called into question when recent studies revealed the molecular phenotype and the origin of palisade endings. Today we are faced with the fact that palisade endings exhibit sensory as well as motor features. This review aims to evaluate the literature on extraocular muscle proprioceptors and palisade endings and to reconsider current knowledge of their structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Blumer
- Center of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Anatomy, Medical Image ClusterMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Génova Carrero‐Rojas
- Center of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Anatomy, Medical Image ClusterMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Paula M. Calvo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de BiologíaUniversidad de SevillaSevillaSpain
| | - Johannes Streicher
- Department of Anatomy and Biomechanics, Division of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyKarl Landsteiner University of Health ScienceKrems an der DonauAustria
| | - Rosa R. de la Cruz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de BiologíaUniversidad de SevillaSevillaSpain
| | - Angel M. Pastor
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de BiologíaUniversidad de SevillaSevillaSpain
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4
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Centa JL, Stratton MP, Pratt MA, Osterlund Oltmanns JR, Wallace DG, Miller SA, Weimer JM, Hastings ML. Protracted CLN3 Batten disease in mice that genetically model an exon-skipping therapeutic approach. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 33:15-27. [PMID: 37359347 PMCID: PMC10285469 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Genetic mutations that disrupt open reading frames and cause translation termination are frequent causes of human disease and are difficult to treat due to protein truncation and mRNA degradation by nonsense-mediated decay, leaving few options for traditional drug targeting. Splice-switching antisense oligonucleotides offer a potential therapeutic solution for diseases caused by disrupted open reading frames by inducing exon skipping to correct the open reading frame. We have recently reported on an exon-skipping antisense oligonucleotide that has a therapeutic effect in a mouse model of CLN3 Batten disease, a fatal pediatric lysosomal storage disease. To validate this therapeutic approach, we generated a mouse model that constitutively expresses the Cln3 spliced isoform induced by the antisense molecule. Behavioral and pathological analyses of these mice demonstrate a less severe phenotype compared with the CLN3 disease mouse model, providing evidence that antisense oligonucleotide-induced exon skipping can have therapeutic efficacy in treating CLN3 Batten disease. This model highlights how protein engineering through RNA splicing modulation can be an effective therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Centa
- Center for Genetic Diseases, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Matthew P. Stratton
- Center for Genetic Diseases, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
- School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Melissa A. Pratt
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | | | - Douglas G. Wallace
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Steven A. Miller
- Psychology Department, College of Health Professionals, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Jill M. Weimer
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Michelle L. Hastings
- Center for Genetic Diseases, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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5
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Christoforidou E, Simoes FA, Gordon D, Talbot K, Hafezparast M. Aberrant dynein function promotes TDP-43 aggregation and upregulation of p62 in male mice harboring transgenic human TDP-43. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37498094 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2023.2239276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Most TDP-43 mouse models of ALS do not display cytoplasmic mislocalisation or protein aggregation of TDP-43 in spinal motor neurons in vivo. Thus, we investigated whether a combination of defective dynein with a TDP-43 mutation could trigger TDP-43 pathology. METHODS Using immunohistochemical methods we examined the intracellular motor neuron pathology of the offspring of TDP-43WT and TDP-43M337V transgenic mice bred to heterozygous Loa mice, which carry an autosomal dominant mutation in dynein cytoplasmic 1 heavy chain 1 (Dync1h1). RESULTS These mice did not exhibit TDP-43 mislocalisation in spinal motor neurons, but the expression of mutant dynein in combination with wildtype human TDP-43 resulted in p62 upregulation and TDP-43 aggregation, thus partially recapitulating the human disease. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide new insights into the possible relationship between dynein and TDP-43 and could prove useful in future studies looking to elucidate the mechanism behind the TDP-43 pathology observed in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Christoforidou
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK and
| | - Fabio A Simoes
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK and
| | - David Gordon
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kevin Talbot
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Majid Hafezparast
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK and
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Arnold FJ, Nguyen AD, Bedlack RS, Bennett CL, La Spada AR. Intercellular transmission of pathogenic proteins in ALS: Exploring the pathogenic wave. Neurobiol Dis 2023:106218. [PMID: 37394036 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), disease symptoms and pathology typically spread in a predictable spatiotemporal pattern beginning at a focal site of onset and progressing along defined neuroanatomical tracts. Like other neurodegenerative diseases, ALS is characterized by the presence of protein aggregates in postmortem patient tissue. Cytoplasmic, ubiquitin-positive aggregates of TDP-43 are observed in approximately 97% of sporadic and familial ALS patients, while SOD1 inclusions are likely specific to cases of SOD1-ALS. Additionally, the most common subtype of familial ALS, caused by a hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the first intron of the C9orf72 gene (C9-ALS), is further characterized by the presence of aggregated dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs). As we will describe, cell-to-cell propagation of these pathological proteins tightly correlates with the contiguous spread of disease. While TDP-43 and SOD1 are capable of seeding protein misfolding and aggregation in a prion-like manner, C9orf72 DPRs appear to induce (and transmit) a 'disease state' more generally. Multiple mechanisms of intercellular transport have been described for all of these proteins, including anterograde and retrograde axonal transport, extracellular vesicle secretion, and macropinocytosis. In addition to neuron-to-neuron transmission, transmission of pathological proteins occurs between neurons and glia. Given that the spread of ALS disease pathology corresponds with the spread of symptoms in patients, the various mechanisms by which ALS-associated protein aggregates propagate through the central nervous system should be closely examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Arnold
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - A D Nguyen
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - R S Bedlack
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - C L Bennett
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - A R La Spada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Departments of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; UCI Center for Neurotherapeutics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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7
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Guo Z, Ni H, Cui Z, Zhu Z, Kang J, Wang D, Ke Z. Pain sensitivity related to gamma oscillation of parvalbumin interneuron in primary somatosensory cortex in Dync1i1 -/- mice. Neurobiol Dis 2023:106170. [PMID: 37257662 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein is an important intracellular motor protein that plays an important role in neuronal growth, axonal polarity formation, dendritic differentiation, and dendritic spine development among others. The intermediate chain of dynein, encoded by Dync1i1, plays a vital role in the dynein complex. Therefore, we assessed the behavioral and related neuronal activities in mice with dync1i1 gene knockout. Neuronal activities in primary somatosensory cortex were recorded by in vivo electrophysiology and manipulated by optogenetic and chemogenetics. Nociception of mechanical, thermal, and cold pain in Dync1i1-/- mice were impaired. The activities of parvalbumin (PV) interneurons and gamma oscillation in primary somatosensory were also impaired when exposed to mechanical nociceptive stimulation. This neuronal dysfunction was rescued by optogenetic activation of PV neurons in Dync1i1-/- mice, and mimicked by suppressing PV neurons using chemogenetics in WT mice. Impaired pain sensations in Dync1i1-/- mice were correlated with impaired gamma oscillations due to a loss of interneurons, especially the PV type. This genotype-driven approach revealed an association between impaired pain sensation and cytoplasmic dynein complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzhao Guo
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong Ni
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhengyu Cui
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zilu Zhu
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiansheng Kang
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories East District of The first affiliated hospital of ZhengZhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Deheng Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Zunji Ke
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Mei Y, Jiang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang H. Muscle and bone characteristics of a Chinese family with spinal muscular atrophy, lower extremity predominant 1 (SMALED1) caused by a novel missense DYNC1H1 mutation. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:47. [PMID: 36882741 PMCID: PMC9990223 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01472-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal muscular atrophy, lower extremity predominant (SMALED) is a type of non-5q spinal muscular atrophy characterised by weakness and atrophy of lower limb muscles without sensory abnormalities. SMALED1 can be caused by dynein cytoplasmic 1 heavy chain 1 (DYNC1H1) gene variants. However, the phenotype and genotype of SMALED1 may overlap with those of other neuromuscular diseases, making it difficult to diagnose clinically. Additionally, bone metabolism and bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with SMALED1 have never been reported. METHODS We investigated a Chinese family in which 5 individuals from 3 generations had lower limb muscle atrophy and foot deformities. Clinical manifestations and biochemical and radiographic indices were analysed, and mutational analysis was performed by whole-exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing. RESULTS A novel mutation in exon 4 of the DYNC1H1 gene (c.587T > C, p.Leu196Ser) was identified in the proband and his affected mother by WES. Sanger sequencing confirmed that the proband and 3 affected family members were carriers of this mutation. As leucine is a hydrophobic amino acid and serine is hydrophilic, the hydrophobic interaction resulting from mutation of amino acid residue 196 could influence the stability of the DYNC1H1 protein. Leg muscle magnetic resonance imaging of the proband revealed severe atrophy and fatty infiltration, and electromyographic recordings showed chronic neurogenic impairment of the lower extremities. Bone metabolism markers and BMD of the proband were all within normal ranges. None of the 4 patients had experienced fragility fractures. CONCLUSION This study identified a novel DYNC1H1 mutation and expands the spectrum of phenotypes and genotypes of DYNC1H1-related disorders. This is the first report of bone metabolism and BMD in patients with SMALED1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhao Mei
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunyi Jiang
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenlin Zhang
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200233, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200233, Shanghai, China.
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MS and GTO proprioceptor subtypes in the molecular genetic era: Opportunities for new advances and perspectives. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2022; 76:102597. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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New perspectives on cytoskeletal dysregulation and mitochondrial mislocalization in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Transl Neurodegener 2021; 10:46. [PMID: 34789332 PMCID: PMC8597313 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-021-00272-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective, early degeneration of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. Motor neurons have long axonal projections, which rely on the integrity of neuronal cytoskeleton and mitochondria to regulate energy requirements for maintaining axonal stability, anterograde and retrograde transport, and signaling between neurons. The formation of protein aggregates which contain cytoskeletal proteins, and mitochondrial dysfunction both have devastating effects on the function of neurons and are shared pathological features across several neurodegenerative conditions, including ALS, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Furthermore, it is becoming increasingly clear that cytoskeletal integrity and mitochondrial function are intricately linked. Therefore, dysregulations of the cytoskeletal network and mitochondrial homeostasis and localization, may be common pathways in the initial steps of neurodegeneration. Here we review and discuss known contributors, including variants in genetic loci and aberrant protein activities, which modify cytoskeletal integrity, axonal transport and mitochondrial localization in ALS and have overlapping features with other neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, we explore some emerging pathways that may contribute to this disruption in ALS.
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11
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Neurogenic arthrogryposis and the power of phenotyping. Neuromuscul Disord 2021; 31:1062-1069. [PMID: 34736627 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.07.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this article we review the commonest cause of neurogenic arthrogryposis, termed Spinal Muscular Atrophy Lower Extremity Dominant (SMALED), due to variants in DYNC1H1 and BICD2. We discuss the characteristic clinical and radiological phenotype of this disorder and how this has facilitated the identification of the genetic cause of SMALED2. We also review the similarities and differences between the human SMALED phenotype and mouse models and how this has informed our understanding of the potential mechanisms governing motor neuron loss in these disorders.
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12
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Dahl TM, Reed M, Gerstner CD, Baehr W. Conditional Deletion of Cytoplasmic Dynein Heavy Chain in Postnatal Photoreceptors. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:23. [PMID: 34807236 PMCID: PMC8626856 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.14.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cytoplasmic dynein-1 (henceforth dynein) moves cargo in conjunction with dynactin toward the minus end of microtubules. The dynein heavy chain, DYNC1H1, comprises the backbone of dynein, a retrograde motor. Deletion of Dync1h1 abrogates dynein function. The purpose of this communication is to demonstrate effects of photoreceptor dynein inactivation during late postnatal development and in adult retina. Methods We mated Dync1h1F/F mice with iCre75 and Prom1-CreERT2 mice to generate conditional rod and tamoxifen-induced knockout in rods and cones, respectively. We documented retina degeneration with confocal microscopy at postnatal day (P) 10 to P30 for the iCre75 line and 1 to 4 weeks post tamoxifen induction (wPTI) for the Prom1-CreERT2 line. We performed scotopic and photopic electroretinography (ERG) at P16 to P30 in the iCre75 line and at 1-week increments in the Prom1-CreERT2 line. Results were evaluated statistically using Student's t-test, two-factor ANOVA, and Welch's ANOVA. Results Cre-induced homologous recombination of Dync1h1F/F mice truncated DYNC1H1 after exon 23. rodDync1h1-/- photoreceptors degenerated after P14, reducing outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness and combined inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) length significantly by P18. Scotopic ERG a-wave amplitudes decreased by P16 and were extinguished at P30. Cones were stable under rod-knockout conditions until P21 but inactive at P30. In tamDync1h1-/- photoreceptors, the IS/OS began shortening by 3wPTI and were nearly eliminated by 4wPTI. The ONL shrank significantly over this interval, indicating rapid photoreceptor degeneration following the loss of dynein. Conclusions Our results demonstrate dynein is essential for the secretory pathway, formation of outer segments, and photoreceptor maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffanie M Dahl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Michelle Reed
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Cecilia D Gerstner
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Wolfgang Baehr
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States.,Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States.,Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
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13
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Dahl TM, Baehr W. Review: Cytoplasmic dynein motors in photoreceptors. Mol Vis 2021; 27:506-517. [PMID: 34526758 PMCID: PMC8410232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic dyneins (dynein-1 and dynein-2) transport cargo toward the minus end of microtubules and thus, are termed the "retrograde" cellular motor. Dynein-1 cargo may include nuclei, mitochondria, membrane vesicles, lysosomes, phagosomes, and other organelles. For example, dynein-1 works in the cell body of eukaryotes to move cargo toward the microtubule minus end and positions the Golgi complex. Dynein-1 also participates in the movement of chromosomes and the positioning of mitotic spindles during cell division. In contrast, dynein-2 is present almost exclusively within cilia where it participates in retrograde intraflagellar transport (IFT) along the axoneme to return kinesin-2 subunits, BBSome, and IFT particles to the cell body. Cytoplasmic dyneins are hefty 1.5 MDa complexes comprised of dimers of heavy, intermediate, light intermediate, and light chains. Missense mutations of human DYNC1H1 are associated with malformations of cortical development (MCD) or spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance (SMA-LED). Missense mutations in DYNC2H1 are causative of short-rib polydactyly syndrome type III and nonsyndromic retinitis pigmentosa. We review mutations of the two dynein heavy chains and their effect on postnatal retina development and discuss consequences of deletion of DYNC1H1 in the mouse retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffanie M. Dahl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Wolfgang Baehr
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, UT,Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT,Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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Sharma G, Pfeffer G, Shutt TE. Genetic Neuropathy Due to Impairments in Mitochondrial Dynamics. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:268. [PMID: 33810506 PMCID: PMC8066130 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles capable of fusing, dividing, and moving about the cell. These properties are especially important in neurons, which in addition to high energy demand, have unique morphological properties with long axons. Notably, mitochondrial dysfunction causes a variety of neurological disorders including peripheral neuropathy, which is linked to impaired mitochondrial dynamics. Nonetheless, exactly why peripheral neurons are especially sensitive to impaired mitochondrial dynamics remains somewhat enigmatic. Although the prevailing view is that longer peripheral nerves are more sensitive to the loss of mitochondrial motility, this explanation is insufficient. Here, we review pathogenic variants in proteins mediating mitochondrial fusion, fission and transport that cause peripheral neuropathy. In addition to highlighting other dynamic processes that are impacted in peripheral neuropathies, we focus on impaired mitochondrial quality control as a potential unifying theme for why mitochondrial dysfunction and impairments in mitochondrial dynamics in particular cause peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govinda Sharma
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
| | - Gerald Pfeffer
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Child Health Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
| | - Timothy E. Shutt
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
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15
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A role for Dynlt3 in melanosome movement, distribution, acidity and transfer. Commun Biol 2021; 4:423. [PMID: 33772156 PMCID: PMC7997999 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01917-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin pigmentation is dependent on cellular processes including melanosome biogenesis, transport, maturation and transfer to keratinocytes. However, how the cells finely control these processes in space and time to ensure proper pigmentation remains unclear. Here, we show that a component of the cytoplasmic dynein complex, Dynlt3, is required for efficient melanosome transport, acidity and transfer. In Mus musculus melanocytes with decreased levels of Dynlt3, pigmented melanosomes undergo a more directional motion, leading to their peripheral location in the cell. Stage IV melanosomes are more acidic, but still heavily pigmented, resulting in a less efficient melanosome transfer. Finally, the level of Dynlt3 is dependent on β-catenin activity, revealing a function of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway during melanocyte and skin pigmentation, by coupling the transport, positioning and acidity of melanosomes required for their transfer.
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16
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Fisher EMC, Bannerman DM. Mouse models of neurodegeneration: Know your question, know your mouse. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/493/eaaq1818. [PMID: 31118292 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaq1818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Many mutant mouse strains have been developed as models to investigate neurodegenerative disease in humans. However, variability in results among studies using these mouse strains has led to questions about the value of these models. Here, we appraise various mouse models for dissecting neurodegenerative disease mechanisms and emphasize the importance of asking appropriate research questions. In therapeutic studies, we suggest that understanding variability among and within mouse models is crucial for preventing translational failures in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M C Fisher
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
| | - David M Bannerman
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
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17
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Smith L, Norcliffe-Kaufmann L, Palma JA, Kaufmann H, Macefield VG. Elbow proprioception is normal in patients with a congenital absence of functional muscle spindles. J Physiol 2020; 598:3521-3529. [PMID: 32452029 DOI: 10.1113/jp279931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Individuals with hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type III (HSAN III), also known as Riley-Day syndrome or familial dysautonomia, do not have functional muscle spindle afferents but do have essentially normal cutaneous mechanoreceptors. Lack of muscle spindle feedback from the legs may account for the poor proprioception at the knee and the ataxic gait typical of HSAN III. Given that functional muscle spindle afferents are also absent in the upper limb, we assessed whether proprioception at the elbow was likewise compromised. Passive joint angle matching showed that proprioception was normal at the elbow, suggesting that individuals with HSAN III rely more on cutaneous afferents around the elbow. ABSTRACT Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type III (HSAN III) is a rare neurological condition that features a marked ataxic gait that progressively worsens over time. We have shown that functional muscle spindle afferents are absent in the upper and lower limbs in HSAN III, and we have argued that this may account for the ataxia. We recently used passive joint angle matching to demonstrate that proprioception of the knee joint is very poor in HSAN III but can be improved towards normal by application of elastic kinesiology tape across the knee joints, which we attribute to the presence of intact cutaneous mechanoreceptors. Here we assessed whether proprioception was equally compromised at the elbow joint, and whether it could be improved through taping. Proprioception at the elbow joint was assessed using passive joint angle matching in 12 HSAN III patients and 12 age-matched controls. There was no difference in absolute error, gradient or correlation coefficient of the relationship between joint angles of the reference and indicator arms. Unlike at the knee, taping did not improve elbow proprioception in either group. Clearly, the lack of muscle spindles compromised proprioception at the knee but not at the elbow, and we suggest that the HSAN III patients rely more on proprioceptive signals from the skin around the elbow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndon Smith
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lucy Norcliffe-Kaufmann
- Dysautonomia Center, Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Jose-Alberto Palma
- Dysautonomia Center, Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Horacio Kaufmann
- Dysautonomia Center, Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Vaughan G Macefield
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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18
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Rossor AM, Sleigh JN, Groves M, Muntoni F, Reilly MM, Hoogenraad CC, Schiavo G. Loss of BICD2 in muscle drives motor neuron loss in a developmental form of spinal muscular atrophy. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:34. [PMID: 32183910 PMCID: PMC7076953 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00909-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant missense mutations in BICD2 cause Spinal Muscular Atrophy Lower Extremity Predominant 2 (SMALED2), a developmental disease of motor neurons. BICD2 is a key component of the cytoplasmic dynein/dynactin motor complex, which in axons drives the microtubule-dependent retrograde transport of intracellular cargo towards the cell soma. Patients with pathological mutations in BICD2 develop malformations of cortical and cerebellar development similar to Bicd2 knockout (-/-) mice. In this study we sought to re-examine the motor neuron phenotype of conditional Bicd2-/- mice. Bicd2-/- mice show a significant reduction in the number of large calibre motor neurons of the L4 ventral root compared to wild type mice. Muscle-specific knockout of Bicd2 results in a similar reduction in L4 ventral axons comparable to global Bicd2-/- mice. Rab6, a small GTPase required for the sorting of exocytic vesicles from the Trans Golgi Network to the plasma membrane is a major binding partner of BICD2. We therefore examined the secretory pathway in SMALED2 patient fibroblasts and demonstrated that BICD2 is required for physiological flow of constitutive secretory cargoes from the Trans Golgi Network to the plasma membrane using a VSV-G reporter assay. Together, these data indicate that BICD2 loss from muscles is a major driver of non-cell autonomous pathology in the motor nervous system, which has important implications for future therapeutic approaches in SMALED2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Rossor
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
| | - James N Sleigh
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Michael Groves
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre and National Institute for Health Research Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Mary M Reilly
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Casper C Hoogenraad
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Giampietro Schiavo
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
- Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, University College London Campus, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
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19
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Martin PB, Hicks AN, Holbrook SE, Cox GA. Overlapping spectrums: The clinicogenetic commonalities between Charcot-Marie-Tooth and other neurodegenerative diseases. Brain Res 2020; 1727:146532. [PMID: 31678418 PMCID: PMC6939129 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a progressive and heterogeneous inherited peripheral neuropathy. A myriad of genetic factors have been identified that contribute to the degeneration of motor and sensory axons in a length-dependent manner. Emerging biological themes underlying disease include defects in axonal trafficking, dysfunction in RNA metabolism and protein homeostasis, as well deficits in the cellular stress response. Moreover, genetic contributions to CMT can have overlap with other neuropathies, motor neuron diseases (MNDs) and neurodegenerative disorders. Recent progress in understanding the molecular biology of CMT and overlapping syndromes aids in the search for necessary therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige B Martin
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Amy N Hicks
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Sarah E Holbrook
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Gregory A Cox
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
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20
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21
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Mice with an autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2O disease mutation in both dynein alleles display severe moto-sensory phenotypes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11979. [PMID: 31427617 PMCID: PMC6700207 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48431-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is the most common peripheral neuromuscular disorder worldwide. The axonal degeneration in CMT causes distal muscle weakness and atrophy, resulting in gait problems and difficulties with basic motor coordination skills. A mutation in the cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain (DHC) gene was discovered to cause an autosomal dominant form of the disease designated Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2O disease (CMT2O) in 2011. The mutation is a single amino acid change of histidine into arginine at amino acid 306 (H306R) in DHC. We previously generated a knock-in mouse carrying the corresponding CMT2O mutation (H304R) and examined the heterozygous H304R/+offspring in a variety of motor skills and histological assays. Here we report the initial characterization of the homozygous H304R/R mouse, which is the first homozygous mutant DHC mouse to survive past the neonatal stage. We show that H304R/R mice have significantly more severe disease symptoms than the heterozygous H304R/+mice. The H304R/R mice have significant defects in motor skills, including grip strength, motor coordination, and gait and also related defects in neuromuscular junction architecture. Furthermore, the mice have defects in sensation, another aspect of CMT disease. Our results show that the H304R/+ and H304R/R mice will be important models for studying the onset and progression of both heterozygous and homozygous CMT disease alleles.
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22
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Marzo MG, Griswold JM, Ruff KM, Buchmeier RE, Fees CP, Markus SM. Molecular basis for dyneinopathies reveals insight into dynein regulation and dysfunction. eLife 2019; 8:47246. [PMID: 31364990 PMCID: PMC6733598 DOI: 10.7554/elife.47246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein plays critical roles within the developing and mature nervous systems, including effecting nuclear migration, and retrograde transport of various cargos. Unsurprisingly, mutations in dynein are causative of various developmental neuropathies and motor neuron diseases. These ‘dyneinopathies’ define a broad spectrum of diseases with no known correlation between mutation identity and disease state. To circumvent complications associated with dynein studies in human cells, we employed budding yeast as a screening platform to characterize the motility properties of seventeen disease-correlated dynein mutants. Using this system, we determined the molecular basis for several classes of etiologically related diseases. Moreover, by engineering compensatory mutations, we alleviated the mutant phenotypes in two of these cases, one of which we confirmed with recombinant human dynein. In addition to revealing molecular insight into dynein regulation, our data provide additional evidence that the type of disease may in fact be dictated by the degree of dynein dysfunction. Motor proteins maintain order by transporting biomolecules and various structures within living cells. Dynein is one such motor that moves many types of cargoes along tracks called microtubules, which are spread across the cell’s interior. This motor is particularly important in nerve cells, which can be very long and thus depend heavily on motor proteins to ensure cargoes end up where they are needed. This becomes especially apparent in human diseases that arise as a consequence of mutations in the genes that produce components of the dynein motor. It is assumed that these genetic changes simply prevent dynein from working properly, which ultimately affects the health and survival of cells. However, it is currently unknown what specific effect these mutations have on dynein’s role within the cell, and how these changes lead to particular diseases. Marzo et al. have now used dynein from a budding yeast to closely examine 17 mutations in the dynein gene that are associated with developmental and/or motor neuron diseases in humans. For each mutation, various aspects of how dynein moves (e.g. average speed, distance travelled) were measured and quantitatively compared. The results show that the severity of the effect of each mutation can be directly correlated with the type of disease caused by the mutation. In particular, mutations that lead to less severe defects are found in patients that suffer from various motor neuron diseases, while more severe dynein mutations are found in patients with developmental brain disorders. Marzo et al. confirmed the likely structural changes that caused the defects in dynein’s activity in two of the 17 cases, by engineering additional, restorative mutations that lessened the effects of the primary mutation. These findings reveal links between the molecular impact of defects in the dynein gene and human health. They also confirm that budding yeast is a powerful tool for investigating newly discovered dynein mutations that correlate with disease. This study provides a potential system that could be used to screen drugs that might lessen the effects of specific dynein mutations. However, further work is needed to determine how effective this system will be for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Marzo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, United States
| | - Jacqueline M Griswold
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, United States
| | - Kristina M Ruff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, United States
| | - Rachel E Buchmeier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, United States
| | - Colby P Fees
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States
| | - Steven M Markus
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, United States
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23
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Ragagnin AMG, Shadfar S, Vidal M, Jamali MS, Atkin JD. Motor Neuron Susceptibility in ALS/FTD. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:532. [PMID: 31316328 PMCID: PMC6610326 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the death of both upper and lower motor neurons (MNs) in the brain, brainstem and spinal cord. The neurodegenerative mechanisms leading to MN loss in ALS are not fully understood. Importantly, the reasons why MNs are specifically targeted in this disorder are unclear, when the proteins associated genetically or pathologically with ALS are expressed ubiquitously. Furthermore, MNs themselves are not affected equally; specific MNs subpopulations are more susceptible than others in both animal models and human patients. Corticospinal MNs and lower somatic MNs, which innervate voluntary muscles, degenerate more readily than specific subgroups of lower MNs, which remain resistant to degeneration, reflecting the clinical manifestations of ALS. In this review, we discuss the possible factors intrinsic to MNs that render them uniquely susceptible to neurodegeneration in ALS. We also speculate why some MN subpopulations are more vulnerable than others, focusing on both their molecular and physiological properties. Finally, we review the anatomical network and neuronal microenvironment as determinants of MN subtype vulnerability and hence the progression of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey M G Ragagnin
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sina Shadfar
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marta Vidal
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Md Shafi Jamali
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julie D Atkin
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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24
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Wen Q, Tang EI, Lui WY, Lee WM, Wong CKC, Silvestrini B, Cheng CY. Dynein 1 supports spermatid transport and spermiation during spermatogenesis in the rat testis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E924-E948. [PMID: 30016153 PMCID: PMC6293164 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00114.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the mammalian testis, spermatogenesis is dependent on the microtubule (MT)-specific motor proteins, such as dynein 1, that serve as the engine to support germ cell and organelle transport across the seminiferous epithelium at different stages of the epithelial cycle. Yet the underlying molecular mechanism(s) that support this series of cellular events remain unknown. Herein, we used RNAi to knockdown cytoplasmic dynein 1 heavy chain (Dync1h1) and an inhibitor ciliobrevin D to inactivate dynein in Sertoli cells in vitro and the testis in vivo, thereby probing the role of dynein 1 in spermatogenesis. Both treatments were shown to extensively induce disruption of MT organization across Sertoli cells in vitro and the testis in vivo. These changes also perturbed the transport of spermatids and other organelles (such as phagosomes) across the epithelium. These changes thus led to disruption of spermatogenesis. Interestingly, the knockdown of dynein 1 or its inactivation by ciliobrevin D also perturbed gross disruption of F-actin across the Sertoli cells in vitro and the seminiferous epithelium in vivo, illustrating there are cross talks between the two cytoskeletons in the testis. In summary, these findings confirm the role of cytoplasmic dynein 1 to support the transport of spermatids and organelles across the seminiferous epithelium during the epithelial cycle of spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wen
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council , New York, New York
| | - Elizabeth I Tang
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council , New York, New York
| | - Wing-Yee Lui
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Will M Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chris K C Wong
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - C Yan Cheng
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council , New York, New York
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25
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Smith LJ, Norcliffe-Kaufmann L, Palma JA, Kaufmann H, Macefield VG. Impaired sensorimotor control of the hand in congenital absence of functional muscle spindles. J Neurophysiol 2018; 120:2788-2795. [PMID: 30230986 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00528.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type III (HSAN III) exhibit marked ataxia, including gait disturbances. We recently showed that functional muscle spindle afferents in the leg, recorded via intraneural microelectrodes inserted into the peroneal nerve, are absent in HSAN III, although large-diameter cutaneous afferents are intact. Moreover, there is a tight correlation between loss of proprioceptive acuity at the knee and the severity of gait impairment. We tested the hypothesis that manual motor performance is also compromised in HSAN III, attributed to the predicted absence of muscle spindles in the intrinsic muscles of the hand. Manual performance in the Purdue pegboard task was assessed in 12 individuals with HSAN III and 11 age-matched healthy controls. The mean (±SD) pegboard score (number of pins inserted in 30 s) was 8.1 ± 1.9 and 8.6 ± 1.8 for the left and right hand, respectively, significantly lower than the scores for the controls (15.0 ± 1.3 and 16.0 ± 1.1; P < 0.0001). Performance was not improved after kinesiology tape was applied over the joints of the hand. In 5 patients we inserted a tungsten microelectrode into the ulnar nerve at the wrist. No spontaneous or stretch-evoked muscle afferent activity could be identified in any of the 11 fascicles supplying intrinsic muscles of the hand, whereas touch-evoked activity from low-threshold cutaneous mechanoreceptor afferents could readily be recorded from 4 cutaneous fascicles. We conclude that functional muscle spindles are absent in the short muscles of the hand and most likely absent in the long finger flexors and extensors, and that this largely accounts for the poor manual motor performance in HSAN III. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We describe the impaired manual motor performance in patients with hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type III (Riley-Day syndrome), who exhibit congenital insensitivity to pain, poor proprioception, and marked gait ataxia. We show that functional muscle spindles are absent in the intrinsic muscles of the hand, which we argue contributes to their poor performance in a task involving the precision grip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndon J Smith
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University , Sydney , Australia
| | - Lucy Norcliffe-Kaufmann
- Dysautonomia Center, Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine , New York, New York
| | - Jose-Alberto Palma
- Dysautonomia Center, Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine , New York, New York
| | - Horacio Kaufmann
- Dysautonomia Center, Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine , New York, New York
| | - Vaughan G Macefield
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University , Sydney , Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney , Australia.,Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne , Australia
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26
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Snouwaert JN, Church RJ, Jania L, Nguyen M, Wheeler ML, Saintsing A, Mieczkowski P, Manuel de Villena FP, Armao D, Moy SS, Lorenzo DN, Koller BH. A Mutation in the Borcs7 Subunit of the Lysosome Regulatory BORC Complex Results in Motor Deficits and Dystrophic Axonopathy in Mice. Cell Rep 2018; 24:1254-1265. [PMID: 30067980 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes play a critical role in maintenance of the integrity of neuronal function, and mutations in genes that contribute to lysosome formation, transport, and activity are associated with neurodegenerative disorders. Recently, the multisubunit complex, BLOC-one-related complex (BORC), has been shown to be involved in positioning lysosomes within the cytoplasm, although the consequences of altered BORC function in adult animals have not been established. We show that a spontaneous truncation mutation in the mouse Borcs7 gene, identified through whole-genome sequencing followed by genetic complementation, results in progressive axonal dystrophy with dramatic impairment of motor function. Furthermore, mice homozygous for deletion of the entire Borcs7 coding sequence die shortly after birth, and neurons cultured from these animals show impaired centrifugal transport of lysosomes. This identifies BORCS7 as a central factor in axonal transport of lysosomes and a possible target for improving disease-related disturbances in this important function.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N Snouwaert
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Rachel J Church
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Leigh Jania
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - MyTrang Nguyen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Matthew L Wheeler
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Andrew Saintsing
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Piotr Mieczkowski
- High Throughput Sequencing Facility, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Fernando Pardo Manuel de Villena
- Department of Genetics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Diane Armao
- Department of Radiology, UNC Healthcare System, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Physician Assistant Studies, Elon University, Elon, NC 27244, USA
| | - Sheryl S Moy
- Department of Psychiatry and Carolina Institute for Developmental Disorders, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Damaris N Lorenzo
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Beverly H Koller
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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27
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Watson-Scales S, Kalmar B, Lana-Elola E, Gibbins D, La Russa F, Wiseman F, Williamson M, Saccon R, Slender A, Olerinyova A, Mahmood R, Nye E, Cater H, Wells S, Yu YE, Bennett DLH, Greensmith L, Fisher EMC, Tybulewicz VLJ. Analysis of motor dysfunction in Down Syndrome reveals motor neuron degeneration. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007383. [PMID: 29746474 PMCID: PMC5963810 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Down Syndrome (DS) is caused by trisomy of chromosome 21 (Hsa21) and results in a spectrum of phenotypes including learning and memory deficits, and motor dysfunction. It has been hypothesized that an additional copy of a few Hsa21 dosage-sensitive genes causes these phenotypes, but this has been challenged by observations that aneuploidy can cause phenotypes by the mass action of large numbers of genes, with undetectable contributions from individual sequences. The motor abnormalities in DS are relatively understudied-the identity of causative dosage-sensitive genes and the mechanism underpinning the phenotypes are unknown. Using a panel of mouse strains with duplications of regions of mouse chromosomes orthologous to Hsa21 we show that increased dosage of small numbers of genes causes locomotor dysfunction and, moreover, that the Dyrk1a gene is required in three copies to cause the phenotype. Furthermore, we show for the first time a new DS phenotype: loss of motor neurons both in mouse models and, importantly, in humans with DS, that may contribute to locomotor dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Federica La Russa
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Amy Slender
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Emma Nye
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Cater
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Wells
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Y. Eugene Yu
- The Children’s Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Genetics Program and Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - David L. H. Bennett
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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28
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Sabblah TT, Nandini S, Ledray AP, Pasos J, Calderon JLC, Love R, King LE, King SJ. A novel mouse model carrying a human cytoplasmic dynein mutation shows motor behavior deficits consistent with Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2O disease. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1739. [PMID: 29379136 PMCID: PMC5789002 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20081-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a peripheral neuromuscular disorder in which axonal degeneration causes progressive loss of motor and sensory nerve function. The loss of motor nerve function leads to distal muscle weakness and atrophy, resulting in gait problems and difficulties with walking, running, and balance. A mutation in the cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain (DHC) gene was discovered to cause an autosomal dominant form of the disease designated Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2 O disease (CMT2O) in 2011. The mutation is a single amino acid change of histidine into arginine at amino acid 306 (H306R) in DHC. In order to understand the onset and progression of CMT2, we generated a knock-in mouse carrying the corresponding CMT2O mutation (H304R/+). We examined H304R/+ mouse cohorts in a 12-month longitudinal study of grip strength, tail suspension, and rotarod assays. H304R/+ mice displayed distal muscle weakness and loss of motor coordination phenotypes consistent with those of individuals with CMT2. Analysis of the gastrocnemius of H304R/+ male mice showed prominent defects in neuromuscular junction (NMJ) morphology including reduced size, branching, and complexity. Based on these results, the H304R/+ mouse will be an important model for uncovering functions of dynein in complex organisms, especially related to CMT onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thywill T Sabblah
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
| | - Swaran Nandini
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
| | - Aaron P Ledray
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
| | - Julio Pasos
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
| | - Jami L Conley Calderon
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
| | - Rachal Love
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
| | - Linda E King
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
| | - Stephen J King
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA.
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29
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De Vos KJ, Hafezparast M. Neurobiology of axonal transport defects in motor neuron diseases: Opportunities for translational research? Neurobiol Dis 2017; 105:283-299. [PMID: 28235672 PMCID: PMC5536153 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular trafficking of cargoes is an essential process to maintain the structure and function of all mammalian cell types, but especially of neurons because of their extreme axon/dendrite polarisation. Axonal transport mediates the movement of cargoes such as proteins, mRNA, lipids, membrane-bound vesicles and organelles that are mostly synthesised in the cell body and in doing so is responsible for their correct spatiotemporal distribution in the axon, for example at specialised sites such as nodes of Ranvier and synaptic terminals. In addition, axonal transport maintains the essential long-distance communication between the cell body and synaptic terminals that allows neurons to react to their surroundings via trafficking of for example signalling endosomes. Axonal transport defects are a common observation in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, and mutations in components of the axonal transport machinery have unequivocally shown that impaired axonal transport can cause neurodegeneration (reviewed in El-Kadi et al., 2007, De Vos et al., 2008; Millecamps and Julien, 2013). Here we review our current understanding of axonal transport defects and the role they play in motor neuron diseases (MNDs) with a specific focus on the most common form of MND, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt J De Vos
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK.
| | - Majid Hafezparast
- Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK.
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30
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Quinlan KA, Kajtaz E, Ciolino JD, Imhoff-Manuel RD, Tresch MC, Heckman CJ, Tysseling VM. Chronic electromyograms in treadmill running SOD1 mice reveal early changes in muscle activation. J Physiol 2017; 595:5387-5400. [PMID: 28543166 DOI: 10.1113/jp274170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The present study demonstrates that electromyograms (EMGs) obtained during locomotor activity in mice were effective for identification of early physiological markers of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). These measures could be used to evaluate therapeutic intervention strategies in animal models of ALS. Several parameters of locomotor activity were shifted early in the disease time course in SOD1G93A mice, especially when the treadmill was inclined, including intermuscular phase, burst skew and amplitude of the locomotor bursts. The results of the present study indicate that early compensatory changes may be taking place within the neural network controlling locomotor activity, including spinal interneurons. Locomotor EMGs could have potential use as a clinical diagnostic tool. ABSTRACT To improve our understanding of early disease mechanisms and to identify reliable biomarkers of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a progressive neurodegenerative disease, we measured electromyogram (EMG) activity in hind limb muscles of SOD1G93A mice. By contrast to clinical diagnostic measures using EMGs, which are performed on quiescent patients, we monitored activity during treadmill running aiming to detect presymptomatic changes in motor patterning. Chronic EMG electrodes were implanted into vastus lateralis, biceps femoris posterior, lateral gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior in mice from postnatal day 55 to 100 and the results obtained were assessed using linear mixed models. We evaluated differences in parameters related to EMG amplitude (peak and area) and timing (phase and skew, a measure of burst shape) when animals ran on level and inclined treadmills. There were significant changes in both the timing of activity and the amplitude of EMG bursts in SOD1G93A mice. Significant differences between wild-type and SOD1G93A mice were mainly observed when animals locomoted on inclined treadmills. All muscles had significant effects of mutation that were independent of age. These novel results indicate (i) locomotor EMG activity might be an early measure of disease onset; (ii) alterations in locomotor patterning may reflect changes in neuronal drive and compensation at the network level including altered activity of spinal interneurons; and (iii) the increased power output necessary on an inclined treadmill was important in revealing altered activity in SOD1G93A mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina A Quinlan
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elma Kajtaz
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jody D Ciolino
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rebecca D Imhoff-Manuel
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew C Tresch
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,McCormick Biomedical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Charles J Heckman
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vicki M Tysseling
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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31
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Sleigh JN, Dawes JM, West SJ, Wei N, Spaulding EL, Gómez-Martín A, Zhang Q, Burgess RW, Cader MZ, Talbot K, Yang XL, Bennett DL, Schiavo G. Trk receptor signaling and sensory neuron fate are perturbed in human neuropathy caused by Gars mutations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E3324-E3333. [PMID: 28351971 PMCID: PMC5402433 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1614557114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2D (CMT2D) is a peripheral nerve disorder caused by dominant, toxic, gain-of-function mutations in the widely expressed, housekeeping gene, GARS The mechanisms underlying selective nerve pathology in CMT2D remain unresolved, as does the cause of the mild-to-moderate sensory involvement that distinguishes CMT2D from the allelic disorder distal spinal muscular atrophy type V. To elucidate the mechanism responsible for the underlying afferent nerve pathology, we examined the sensory nervous system of CMT2D mice. We show that the equilibrium between functional subtypes of sensory neuron in dorsal root ganglia is distorted by Gars mutations, leading to sensory defects in peripheral tissues and correlating with overall disease severity. CMT2D mice display changes in sensory behavior concordant with the afferent imbalance, which is present at birth and nonprogressive, indicating that sensory neuron identity is prenatally perturbed and that a critical developmental insult is key to the afferent pathology. Through in vitro experiments, mutant, but not wild-type, GlyRS was shown to aberrantly interact with the Trk receptors and cause misactivation of Trk signaling, which is essential for sensory neuron differentiation and development. Together, this work suggests that both neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative mechanisms contribute to CMT2D pathogenesis, and thus has profound implications for the timing of future therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Sleigh
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom;
| | - John M Dawes
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Steven J West
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Na Wei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Emily L Spaulding
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469
| | - Adriana Gómez-Martín
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Robert W Burgess
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469
| | - M Zameel Cader
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Talbot
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Xiang-Lei Yang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - David L Bennett
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Giampietro Schiavo
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom;
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32
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Chen Y, Xu Y, Li G, Li N, Yu T, Yao RE, Wang X, Shen Y, Wang J. Exome Sequencing Identifies De Novo DYNC1H1 Mutations Associated With Distal Spinal Muscular Atrophy and Malformations of Cortical Development. J Child Neurol 2017; 32:379-386. [PMID: 28193117 DOI: 10.1177/0883073816683083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Exome sequencing has become a formidable tool for identifying potential de novo variants in causative genes of human diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders. This article describes a 16-month-old girl with spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance and a 13-month-old girl with malformations of cortical development. Exome sequencing identified a novel de novo heterozygous missense mutation c.3395G>A (p.Gly1132Glu) and a previously reported de novo heterozygous missense mutation c.10151G>A (p.Arg3384Gln) in the DYNC1H1 gene. Bioinformatics predictions for c.3395G>A and c.10151G>A indicated pathogenicity of the mutations. DYNC1H1 is a pivotal component of cytoplasmic dynein complex, which is a microtubule-related motor involved in retrograde transport. Previous studies indicated that mutant dynein showed decreased run-length of the motor proteins and diminished retrograde transport, which were clearly associated with neuronal death and neurologic diseases. The present findings expand the mutational spectrum of the DYNC1H1 gene, reemphasizing the significance of the DYNC1H1 protein in the functioning of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Chen
- 1 Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yufei Xu
- 1 Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- 1 Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Niu Li
- 1 Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Tingting Yu
- 1 Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ru-En Yao
- 1 Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiumin Wang
- 1 Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yiping Shen
- 1 Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
- 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- 1 Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
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33
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Guo X, Colon A, Akanda N, Spradling S, Stancescu M, Martin C, Hickman JJ. Tissue engineering the mechanosensory circuit of the stretch reflex arc with human stem cells: Sensory neuron innervation of intrafusal muscle fibers. Biomaterials 2017; 122:179-187. [PMID: 28129596 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Muscle spindles are sensory organs embedded in the belly of skeletal muscles that serve as mechanoreceptors detecting static and dynamic information about muscle length and stretch. Through their connection with proprioceptive sensory neurons, sensation of axial body position and muscle movement are transmitted to the central nervous system. Impairment of this sensory circuit causes motor deficits and has been linked to a wide range of diseases. To date, no defined human-based in vitro model of the proprioceptive sensory circuit has been developed. The goal of this study was to develop a human-based in vitro muscle sensory circuit utilizing human stem cells. A serum-free medium was developed to drive the induction of intrafusal fibers from human satellite cells by actuation of a neuregulin signaling pathway. Both bag and chain intrafusal fibers were generated and subsequently validated by phase microscopy and immunocytochemistry. When co-cultured with proprioceptive sensory neurons derived from human neuroprogenitors, mechanosensory nerve terminal structural features with intrafusal fibers were demonstrated. Most importantly, patch-clamp electrophysiological analysis of the intrafusal fibers indicated repetitive firing of human intrafusal fibers, which has not been observed in human extrafusal fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufang Guo
- Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Alisha Colon
- Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA; Biomolecular Science Center, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, 12722 Research Parkway, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Nesar Akanda
- Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Severo Spradling
- Biomolecular Science Center, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, 12722 Research Parkway, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Maria Stancescu
- Department of Chemistry, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Physical Sciences Building (PS) Room 255, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816-2366, USA
| | - Candace Martin
- Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - James J Hickman
- Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA; Biomolecular Science Center, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, 12722 Research Parkway, Orlando, FL 32826, USA; Department of Chemistry, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Physical Sciences Building (PS) Room 255, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816-2366, USA.
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34
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Taylor JP, Brown RH, Cleveland DW. Decoding ALS: from genes to mechanism. Nature 2016; 539:197-206. [PMID: 27830784 DOI: 10.1038/nature20413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1319] [Impact Index Per Article: 164.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and uniformly fatal neurodegenerative disease. A plethora of genetic factors have been identified that drive the degeneration of motor neurons in ALS, increase susceptibility to the disease or influence the rate of its progression. Emerging themes include dysfunction in RNA metabolism and protein homeostasis, with specific defects in nucleocytoplasmic trafficking, the induction of stress at the endoplasmic reticulum and impaired dynamics of ribonucleoprotein bodies such as RNA granules that assemble through liquid-liquid phase separation. Extraordinary progress in understanding the biology of ALS provides new reasons for optimism that meaningful therapies will be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Paul Taylor
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Robert H Brown
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - Don W Cleveland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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35
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Gamma motor neurons survive and exacerbate alpha motor neuron degeneration in ALS. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E8316-E8325. [PMID: 27930290 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1605210113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular and cellular basis of selective motor neuron (MN) vulnerability in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is not known. In genetically distinct mouse models of familial ALS expressing mutant superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1), TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), and fused in sarcoma (FUS), we demonstrate selective degeneration of alpha MNs (α-MNs) and complete sparing of gamma MNs (γ-MNs), which selectively innervate muscle spindles. Resistant γ-MNs are distinct from vulnerable α-MNs in that they lack synaptic contacts from primary afferent (IA) fibers. Elimination of these synapses protects α-MNs in the SOD1 mutant, implicating this excitatory input in MN degeneration. Moreover, reduced IA activation by targeted reduction of γ-MNs in SOD1G93A mutants delays symptom onset and prolongs lifespan, demonstrating a pathogenic role of surviving γ-MNs in ALS. This study establishes the resistance of γ-MNs as a general feature of ALS mouse models and demonstrates that synaptic excitation of MNs within a complex circuit is an important determinant of relative vulnerability in ALS.
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36
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Nascimento A, Ortez C, Jou C, O'Callaghan M, Ramos F, Garcia-Cazorla À. Neuromuscular Manifestations in Mitochondrial Diseases in Children. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2016; 23:290-305. [PMID: 28284391 DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases exhibit significant clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that are the major contributor of adenosine triphosphate, through oxidative phosphorylation. These disorders may be developed at any age, with isolated or multiple system involvement, and in any pattern of inheritance. Defects in the mitochondrial respiratory chain impair energy production and almost invariably involve skeletal muscle and peripheral nerves, causing exercise intolerance, cramps, recurrent myoglobinuria, or fixed weakness, which often affects extraocular muscles and results in droopy eyelids (ptosis), progressive external ophthalmoplegia, peripheral ataxia, and peripheral polyneuropathy. This review describes the main neuromuscular symptomatology through different syndromes reported in the literature and from our experience. We want to highlight the importance of searching for the "clue clinical signs" associated with inheritance pattern as key elements to guide the complex diagnosis process and genetic studies in mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Nascimento
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Units, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Pediatric Research Sant Joan de Déu, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carlos Ortez
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Units, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Jou
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Units, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Pediatric Research Sant Joan de Déu, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar O'Callaghan
- Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Pediatric Research Sant Joan de Déu, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology, Neurometabolic Units, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Federico Ramos
- Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Pediatric Research Sant Joan de Déu, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology, Neurometabolic Units, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Àngels Garcia-Cazorla
- Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Pediatric Research Sant Joan de Déu, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology, Neurometabolic Units, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
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37
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van Ree JH, Nam HJ, van Deursen JM. Mitotic kinase cascades orchestrating timely disjunction and movement of centrosomes maintain chromosomal stability and prevent cancer. Chromosome Res 2016; 24:67-76. [PMID: 26615533 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-015-9501-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Centrosomes are microtubule-organizing centers that duplicate in S phase to form bipolar spindles that separate duplicated chromosomes faithfully into two daughter cells during cell division. Recent studies show that proper timing of centrosome dynamics, the disjunction and movement of centrosomes, is tightly linked to spindle symmetry, correct microtubule-kinetochore attachment, and chromosome segregation. Here, we review mechanisms that regulate centrosome dynamics, with emphasis on the roles of key mitotic kinases in the proper timing of centrosome dynamics and how aberrancies in these processes may cause chromosomal instability and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine H van Ree
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Hyun-Ja Nam
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jan M van Deursen
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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38
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Congenital Cataracts and Gut Dysmotility in a DYNC1H1 Dyneinopathy Patient. Genes (Basel) 2016; 7:genes7100085. [PMID: 27754416 PMCID: PMC5083924 DOI: 10.3390/genes7100085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole exome sequencing continues to end the diagnostic odyssey for a number of patients and expands our knowledge of phenotypes associated with gene mutations. We describe an 11-year-old female patient with a constellation of symptoms including congenital cataracts, gut dysmotility, sensory neuropathy, and bifrontal polymicrogyria. Whole exome sequencing was performed and identified a de novo heterozygous missense mutation in the ATPase motor domain of cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain 1 (DYNC1H1), which is known to be involved in neuronal migration and retrograde axonal transport. The mutation was found to be highly damaging by multiple prediction programs. The residue is highly conserved, and reported mutations in this gene result in a variety of phenotypes similar to that of our patient. We report only the second case of congenital cataracts and the first of gut dysmotility in a patient with DYNC1H1, thus expanding the spectrum of disease seen in DYNC1H1 dyneinopathies.
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39
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Liu ZD, Zhang S, Hao JJ, Xie TR, Kang JS. Cellular model of neuronal atrophy induced by DYNC1I1 deficiency reveals protective roles of RAS-RAF-MEK signaling. Protein Cell 2016; 7:638-50. [PMID: 27510948 PMCID: PMC5003791 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-016-0301-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal atrophy is a common pathological feature occurred in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. A variety of abnormalities including motor protein malfunction and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to the loss of neuronal architecture; however, less is known about the intracellular signaling pathways that can protect against or delay this pathogenic process. Here, we show that the DYNC1I1 deficiency, a neuron-specific dynein intermediate chain, causes neuronal atrophy in primary hippocampal neurons. With this cellular model, we are able to find that activation of RAS-RAF-MEK signaling protects against neuronal atrophy induced by DYNC1I1 deficiency, which relies on MEK-dependent autophagy in neuron. Moreover, we further reveal that BRAF also protects against neuronal atrophy induced by mitochondrial impairment. These findings demonstrate protective roles of the RAS-RAF-MEK axis against neuronal atrophy, and imply a new therapeutic target for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Dong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200231, China
| | - Su Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200231, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian-Jin Hao
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200231, China
| | - Tao-Rong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200231, China
| | - Jian-Sheng Kang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200231, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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40
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Stanojlovic M, Pang X, Lin Y, Stone S, Cvetanovic M, Lin W. Inhibition of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 Exacerbates Loss of Lower Motor Neurons and Axons during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160158. [PMID: 27466819 PMCID: PMC4965096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) are inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative diseases in the central nervous system (CNS). It is believed that MS and EAE are initiated by autoreactive T lymphocytes that recognize myelin antigens; however, the mechanisms responsible for neurodegeneration in these diseases remain elusive. Data indicate that vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) plays a role in the development of MS and EAE. Interestingly, VEGF-A is regarded as a neurotrophic factor in the CNS that promotes neuron survival and neurogenesis in various neurodegenerative diseases by activating VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2). In this study, we sought to explore the role of the VEGF-A/VEGFR2 signaling in neurodegeneration in MS and EAE. We showed that the expression of VEGF-A was decreased in the spinal cord during EAE and that VEGFR2 was activated in lower motor neurons in the spinal cord of EAE mice. Interestingly, we found that treatment with SU5416, a selective VEGFR2 inhibitor, starting after the onset of EAE clinical symptoms exacerbated lower motor neuron loss and axon loss in the lumbar spinal cord of mice undergoing EAE, but did not alter Purkinje neuron loss in the cerebellum or upper motor neuron loss in the cerebral cortex. Moreover, SU5416 treatment had a minimal effect on EAE clinical symptoms as well as inflammation, demyelination, and oligodendrocyte loss in the lumbar spinal cord. These results imply the protective effects of the VEGF-A/VEGFR2 signaling on lower motor neurons and axons in the spinal cord in MS and EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Stanojlovic
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Xiaosha Pang
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Yifeng Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Sarrabeth Stone
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Marija Cvetanovic
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Wensheng Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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41
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Zhao J, Wang Y, Xu H, Fu Y, Qian T, Bo D, Lu YX, Xiong Y, Wan J, Zhang X, Dong Q, Chen XJ. Dync1h1 Mutation Causes Proprioceptive Sensory Neuron Loss and Impaired Retrograde Axonal Transport of Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons. CNS Neurosci Ther 2016; 22:593-601. [PMID: 27080913 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Sprawling (Swl) is a radiation-induced mutation which has been identified to have a nine base pair deletion in dynein heavy chain 1 (DYNC1H1: encoded by a single gene Dync1h1). This study is to investigate the phenotype and the underlying mechanism of the Dync1h1 mutant. METHODS AND RESULTS To display the phenotype of Swl mutant mice, we examined the embryos of homozygous (Swl/Swl) and heterozygous (Swl/+) mice and their postnatal dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of surviving Swl/+ mice. The Swl/+ mice could survive for a normal life span, while Swl/Swl could only survive till embryonic (E) 8.5 days. Excessive apoptosis of Swl/+ DRG neurons was revealed during E11.5-E15.5 days, and the peak rate was at E13.5 days. In vitro study of mutated DRG neurons showed impaired retrograde transport of dynein-driven nerve growth factor (NGF). Mitochondria, another dynein-driven cargo, demonstrated much slower retrograde transport velocity in Swl/+ neurons than in wild-type (WT) neurons. Nevertheless, the Swl, Loa, and Cra mutations did not affect homodimerization of DYNC1H1. CONCLUSION The Swl/Swl mutation of Dync1h1 gene led to embryonic mal-development and lethality, whereas the Swl/+ DRG neurons demonstrated deficient retrograde transport in dynein-driven cargos and excessive apoptosis during mid- to late-developmental stages. The underlying mechanism of the mutation may not be due to impaired homodimerization of DYNC1H1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Neurology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Fu
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ting Qian
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deng Bo
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Xin Lu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun Wan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Neurology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Neurology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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42
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Tey S, Ahmad-Annuar A, Drew AP, Shahrizaila N, Nicholson GA, Kennerson ML. Mutation analysis of genes within the dynactin complex in a cohort of hereditary peripheral neuropathies. Clin Genet 2016; 90:127-33. [PMID: 26662454 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The cytoplasmic dynein-dynactin genes are attractive candidates for neurodegenerative disorders given their functional role in retrograde transport along neurons. The cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain (DYNC1H1) gene has been implicated in various neurodegenerative disorders, and dynactin 1 (DCTN1) genes have been implicated in a wide spectrum of disorders including motor neuron disease, Parkinson's disease, spinobulbar muscular atrophy and hereditary spastic paraplegia. However, the involvement of other dynactin genes with inherited peripheral neuropathies (IPN) namely, hereditary sensory neuropathy, hereditary motor neuropathy and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is under reported. We screened eight genes; DCTN1-6 and ACTR1A and ACTR1B in 136 IPN patients using whole-exome sequencing and high-resolution melt (HRM) analysis. Eight non-synonymous variants (including one novel variant) and three synonymous variants were identified. Four variants have been reported previously in other studies, however segregation analysis within family members excluded them from causing IPN in these families. No variants of disease significance were identified in this study suggesting the dynactin genes are unlikely to be a common cause of IPNs. However, with the ease of querying gene variants from exome data, these genes remain worthwhile candidates to assess unsolved IPN families for variants that may affect the function of the proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tey
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A Ahmad-Annuar
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A P Drew
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - N Shahrizaila
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - G A Nicholson
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - M L Kennerson
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Abstract
Neuromuscular diseases can affect the survival of peripheral neurons, their axons extending to peripheral targets, their synaptic connections onto those targets, or the targets themselves. Examples include motor neuron diseases such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, peripheral neuropathies such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth diseases, myasthenias, and muscular dystrophies. Characterizing these phenotypes in mouse models requires an integrated approach, examining both the nerve and muscle histologically, anatomically, and functionally by electrophysiology. Defects observed at these levels can be related back to onset, severity, and progression, as assessed by "Quality of life measures" including tests of gross motor performance such as gait or grip strength. This chapter describes methods for assessing neuromuscular disease models in mice, and how interpretation of these tests can be complicated by the inter-relatedness of the phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Burgess
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA.
| | - Gregory A Cox
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Kevin L Seburn
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
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Tourtellotte WG. Axon Transport and Neuropathy: Relevant Perspectives on the Etiopathogenesis of Familial Dysautonomia. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 186:489-99. [PMID: 26724390 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathies are highly prevalent and are most often associated with chronic disease, side effects from chemotherapy, or toxic-metabolic abnormalities. Neuropathies are less commonly caused by genetic mutations, but studies of the normal function of mutated proteins have identified particular vulnerabilities that often implicate mitochondrial dynamics and axon transport mechanisms. Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies are a group of phenotypically related diseases caused by monogenic mutations that primarily affect sympathetic and sensory neurons. Here, I review evidence to indicate that many genetic neuropathies are caused by abnormalities in axon transport. Moreover, in hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies. There may be specific convergence on gene mutations that disrupt nerve growth factor signaling, upon which sympathetic and sensory neurons critically depend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren G Tourtellotte
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, and the Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
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45
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Kim Y, Kim SH, Kim KH, Chae S, Kim C, Kim J, Shin HS, Lee MS, Kim D. Age-dependent gait abnormalities in mice lacking the Rnf170 gene linked to human autosomal-dominant sensory ataxia. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:7196-206. [PMID: 26433933 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Really interesting new gene (RING) finger protein 170 (RNF170) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase known to mediate ubiquitination-dependent degradation of type-I inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (ITPR1). It has recently been demonstrated that a point mutation of RNF170 gene is linked with autosomal-dominant sensory ataxia (ADSA), which is characterized by an age-dependent increase of walking abnormalities, a rare genetic disorder reported in only two families. Although this mutant allele is known to be dominant, the functional identity thereof has not been clearly established. Here, we generated mice lacking Rnf170 (Rnf170(-/-)) to evaluate the effect of its loss of function in vivo. Remarkably, Rnf170(-/-) mice began to develop gait abnormalities in old age (12 months) in the form of asynchronous stepping between diagonal limb pairs with a fixed step sequence during locomotion, while age-matched wild-type mice showed stable gait patterns using several step sequence repertoires. As reported in ADSA patients, they also showed a reduced sensitivity for proprioception and thermal nociception. Protein blot analysis revealed that the amount of Itpr1 protein was significantly elevated in the cerebellum and spinal cord but intact in the cerebral cortex in Rnf170(-/-) mice. These results suggest that the loss of Rnf170 gene function mediates ADSA-associated phenotypes and this gives insights on the cure of patients with ADSA and other age-dependent walking abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsoo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering
| | - Seong Hun Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sujin Chae
- KAIST Institute for BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanki Kim
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongjin Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sup Shin
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- Severans Biomedical Research Center Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea and
| | - Daesoo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea,
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Mutation screen reveals novel variants and expands the phenotypes associated with DYNC1H1. J Neurol 2015; 262:2124-34. [PMID: 26100331 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-015-7727-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dynein, cytoplasmic 1, heavy chain 1 (DYNC1H1) encodes a necessary subunit of the cytoplasmic dynein complex, which traffics cargo along microtubules. Dominant DYNC1H1 mutations are implicated in neural diseases, including spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity dominance (SMA-LED), intellectual disability with neuronal migration defects, malformations of cortical development, and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 2O. We hypothesized that additional variants could be found in these and novel motoneuron and related diseases. Therefore, we analyzed our database of 1024 whole exome sequencing samples of motoneuron and related diseases for novel single nucleotide variations. We filtered these results for significant variants, which were further screened using segregation analysis in available family members. Analysis revealed six novel, rare, and highly conserved variants. Three of these are likely pathogenic and encompass a broad phenotypic spectrum with distinct disease clusters. Our findings suggest that DYNC1H1 variants can cause not only lower, but also upper motor neuron disease. It thus adds DYNC1H1 to the growing list of spastic paraplegia related genes in microtubule-dependent motor protein pathways.
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47
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Pareyson D, Saveri P, Sagnelli A, Piscosquito G. Mitochondrial dynamics and inherited peripheral nerve diseases. Neurosci Lett 2015; 596:66-77. [PMID: 25847151 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerves have peculiar energetic requirements because of considerable length of axons and therefore correct mitochondria functioning and distribution along nerves is fundamental. Mitochondrial dynamics refers to the continuous change in size, shape, and position of mitochondria within cells. Abnormalities of mitochondrial dynamics produced by mutations in proteins involved in mitochondrial fusion (mitofusin-2, MFN2), fission (ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein-1, GDAP1), and mitochondrial axonal transport usually present with a Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) phenotype. MFN2 mutations cause CMT type 2A by altering mitochondrial fusion and trafficking along the axonal microtubule system. CMT2A is an axonal autosomal dominant CMT type which in most cases is characterized by early onset and rather severe course. GDAP1 mutations also alter fission, fusion and transport of mitochondria and are associated either with recessive demyelinating (CMT4A) and axonal CMT (AR-CMT2K) and, less commonly, with dominant, milder, axonal CMT (CMT2K). OPA1 (Optic Atrophy-1) is involved in fusion of mitochondrial inner membrane, and its heterozygous mutations lead to early-onset and progressive dominant optic atrophy which may be complicated by other neurological symptoms including peripheral neuropathy. Mutations in several proteins fundamental for the axonal transport or forming the axonal cytoskeleton result in peripheral neuropathy, i.e., CMT, distal hereditary motor neuropathy (dHMN) or hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy (HSAN), as well as in hereditary spastic paraplegia. Indeed, mitochondrial transport involves directly or indirectly components of the kinesin superfamily (KIF5A, KIF1A, KIF1B), responsible of anterograde transport, and of the dynein complex and related proteins (DYNC1H1, dynactin, dynamin-2), implicated in retrograde flow. Microtubules, neurofilaments, and chaperones such as heat shock proteins (HSPs) also have a fundamental role in mitochondrial transport and mutations in some of related encoding genes cause peripheral neuropathy (TUBB3, NEFL, HSPB1, HSPB8, HSPB3, DNAJB2). In this review, we address the abnormalities in mitochondrial dynamics and their role in determining CMT disease and related neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Pareyson
- Clinic of Central and Peripheral Degenerative Neuropathies Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences - IRCCS Foundation, "C. Besta" Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Paola Saveri
- Clinic of Central and Peripheral Degenerative Neuropathies Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences - IRCCS Foundation, "C. Besta" Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Sagnelli
- Clinic of Central and Peripheral Degenerative Neuropathies Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences - IRCCS Foundation, "C. Besta" Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Piscosquito
- Clinic of Central and Peripheral Degenerative Neuropathies Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences - IRCCS Foundation, "C. Besta" Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
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48
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Gershoni-Emek N, Chein M, Gluska S, Perlson E. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis as a spatiotemporal mislocalization disease: location, location, location. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 315:23-71. [PMID: 25708461 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal localization of signals is a fundamental feature impacting cell survival and proper function. The cell needs to respond in an accurate manner in both space and time to both intra- and intercellular environment cues. The regulation of this comprehensive process involves the cytoskeleton and the trafficking machinery, as well as local protein synthesis and ligand-receptor mechanisms. Alterations in such mechanisms can lead to cell dysfunction and disease. Motor neurons that can extend over tens of centimeters are a classic example for the importance of such events. Changes in spatiotemporal localization mechanisms are thought to play a role in motor neuron degeneration that occurs in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In this review we will discuss these mechanisms and argue that possible misregulated factors can lead to motor neuron degeneration in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noga Gershoni-Emek
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Chein
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shani Gluska
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eran Perlson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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49
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Punetha J, Monges S, Franchi ME, Hoffman EP, Cirak S, Tesi-Rocha C. Exome Sequencing Identifies DYNC1H1 Variant Associated With Vertebral Abnormality and Spinal Muscular Atrophy With Lower Extremity Predominance. Pediatr Neurol 2015; 52:239-44. [PMID: 25484024 PMCID: PMC4351714 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular diagnosis of the distal spinal muscular atrophies or distal hereditary motor neuropathies remains challenging because of clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Next generation sequencing offers potential for identifying de novo mutations of causative genes in isolated cases. PATIENT DESCRIPTION We present a 3.6-year-old girl with congenital scoliosis, equinovarus, and L5/S1 left hemivertebra who demonstrated delayed walking and lower extremities atrophy. She was negative for SMN1 deletion testing, and parents show no sign of disease. RESULTS Whole exome sequencing of the affected girl showed a novel de novo heterozygous missense mutation c.1792C>T (p.Arg598Cys) in the tail domain of the DYNC1H1 gene encoding for cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain 1. The mutation changed a highly conserved amino acid and was absent from both parents. CONCLUSION De novo mutations of DYNC1H1 have been found in individuals with autosomal dominant mental retardation with neuronal migration defects. Dominantly inherited mutations of DYNC1H1 have been reported to cause spinal muscular atrophy with predominance of lower extremity involvement and Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2O. This is the first report of a de novoDYNC1H1 mutation associated with the spinal muscular atrophy with predominance of lower extremity phenotype with a spinal deformity (lumbar hemivertebrae). This case also demonstrates the power of next generation sequencing to discover de novo mutations on a genome-wide scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Punetha
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington DC, USA,Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Soledad Monges
- Hospital Nacional de Pediatria “J. P. Garrahan”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Eric P Hoffman
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington DC, USA,Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Sebahattin Cirak
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Carolina Tesi-Rocha
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California.
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50
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Wiesner D, Sinniger J, Henriques A, Dieterlé S, Müller HP, Rasche V, Ferger B, Dirrig-Grosch S, Soylu-Kucharz R, Petersén A, Walther P, Linkus B, Kassubek J, Wong PC, Ludolph AC, Dupuis L. Low dietary protein content alleviates motor symptoms in mice with mutant dynactin/dynein-mediated neurodegeneration. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 24:2228-40. [PMID: 25552654 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in components of the molecular motor dynein/dynactin lead to neurodegenerative diseases of the motor system or atypical parkinsonism. These mutations are associated with prominent accumulation of vesicles involved in autophagy and lysosomal pathways, and with protein inclusions. Whether alleviating these defects would affect motor symptoms remain unknown. Here, we show that a mouse model expressing low levels of disease linked-G59S mutant dynactin p150(Glued) develops motor dysfunction >8 months before loss of motor neurons or dopaminergic degeneration is observed. Abnormal accumulation of autophagosomes and protein inclusions were efficiently corrected by lowering dietary protein content, and this was associated with transcriptional upregulations of key players in autophagy. Most importantly this dietary modification partially rescued overall neurological symptoms in these mice after onset. Similar observations were made in another mouse strain carrying a point mutation in the dynein heavy chain gene. Collectively, our data suggest that stimulating the autophagy/lysosomal system through appropriate nutritional intervention has significant beneficial effects on motor symptoms of dynein/dynactin diseases even after symptom onset.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jérome Sinniger
- Inserm U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg F-67085, France, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle (FMTS), UMRS1118, Strasbourg F-67085, France
| | - Alexandre Henriques
- Inserm U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg F-67085, France, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle (FMTS), UMRS1118, Strasbourg F-67085, France
| | - Stéphane Dieterlé
- Inserm U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg F-67085, France, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle (FMTS), UMRS1118, Strasbourg F-67085, France
| | | | | | - Boris Ferger
- CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Sylvie Dirrig-Grosch
- Inserm U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg F-67085, France, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle (FMTS), UMRS1118, Strasbourg F-67085, France
| | - Rana Soylu-Kucharz
- Translational Neuroendocrine Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden and
| | - Asa Petersén
- Translational Neuroendocrine Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden and
| | - Paul Walther
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Philip C Wong
- Department of Pathology and Neuroscience and Division of Neuropathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | | | - Luc Dupuis
- Inserm U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg F-67085, France, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle (FMTS), UMRS1118, Strasbourg F-67085, France,
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