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Görlitz S, Brauer E, Günther R, Duda GN, Knaus P, Petersen A. Temporal regulation of BMP2 growth factor signaling in response to mechanical loading is linked to cytoskeletal and focal adhesion remodeling. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1064. [PMID: 39215206 PMCID: PMC11364689 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06753-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Biophysical cues have the ability to enhance cellular signaling response to Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, an essential growth factor during bone development and regeneration. Yet, therapeutic application of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP2) is restricted due to uncontrolled side effects. An understanding of the temporal characteristics of mechanically regulated signaling events and underlying mechanism is lacking. Using a 3D bioreactor system in combination with a soft macroporous biomaterial substrate, we mimic the in vivo environment that BMP2 is acting in. We show that the intensity and duration of BMP2 signaling increases with increasing loading frequency in synchrony with the number and size of focal adhesions. Long-term mechanical stimulation increases the expression of BMP receptor type 1B, specific integrin subtypes and integrin clustering. Together, this triggered a short-lived mechanical echo that enhanced BMP2 signaling even when BMP2 is administered directly after mechanical stimulation, but not when it is applied after a resting period of ≥30 min. Interfering with cytoskeletal remodeling hinders focal adhesion remodeling verifying its critical role in shifting cells into a state of high BMP2 responsiveness. The design of biomaterials that exploit this potential locally at the site of injury will help to overcome current limitations of clinical growth factor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Görlitz
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Erik Brauer
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rebecca Günther
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg N Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Knaus
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ansgar Petersen
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Berlin, Germany.
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Berlin, Germany.
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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2
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Bian J, Luo M, Tian Y, Zhang X, Zhang B, Yin L, Zhang Y. BMP10 accelerated spinal astrocytic activation in neuropathic pain via ALK2/smad1/5/8 signaling. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1426121. [PMID: 39188955 PMCID: PMC11345179 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1426121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Astrocytic activation in the spinal dorsal horn contributes to the central sensitization of neuropathic pain. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 10, one of the BMPs highly expressed in the central nervous system, has been demonstrated to have an accelerated effect on astrocytic activation. This study aimed to investigate the functional effects of BMP10 on the activation of astrocytes in the spinal dorsal horn of animal model of neuropathic pain and to explore potential mechanisms involved in this process. Methods A neuropathic pain mice model was established using the spared nerve injury (SNI). Western blot analysis was performed to detect the expressional levels of BMP10, activin receptor-like receptor 2 (ALK2), Smad1/5/8, phosphorylated Smad1/5/8, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect BMP10, ALK2, and GFAP distribution and expression. The behavioral changes in mice were evaluated using paw withdrawal threshold (PWT), thermal withdrawal latency (TWL), and open field test (OFT). The BMP10 siRNA, Smad1 siRNA, BMP10 peptide, and ALK2-IN-2 (ALK2 inhibitor) were intrathecally administrated to mice. A model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated astrocytes was established to investigate the effect of Smad1. The transfection efficiency of siRNAs was detected by western blot and qRT-PCR analysis. Results BMP10 levels were increased in the L4-6 ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn of SNI mice and particularly elevated in astrocytes. Consistently, GFAP and phosphorylated Smad1/5/8 were upregulated in the L4-6 ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn after SNI, indicating the activation of astrocytes and Smad1/5/8 signaling. An intrathecal injection of BMP10 siRNA abrogated pain hypersensitivity and astrocytic activation in SNI mice. In addition, intrathecal administration of BMP10 peptide evoked pain hypersensitivity and astrocytic activation in normal mice, and this action was reversed by inhibiting the ALK2. Furthermore, targeting Smad1 in vitro with the help of siRNA inhibited the activation of astrocytes induced by LPS. Finally, targeting Smad1 abrogated BMP10-induced hypersensitivity and activation of astrocytes. Conclusion These findings indicate that the BMP10/ALK2/Smad1/5/8 axis plays a key role in pain hypersensitivity after peripheral nerve injury, which indicates its stimulative ability toward astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Bian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Panzhihua Central Hospital, Panzhihua, Sichuan, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Min Luo
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yunyun Tian
- Scientific Research and Discipline Construction Office, Panzhihua Central Hospital, Panzhihua, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuejuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Panzhihua Central Hospital, Panzhihua, Sichuan, China
| | - Bangjian Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Panzhihua Central Hospital, Panzhihua, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Yin
- Scientific Research and Discipline Construction Office, Panzhihua Central Hospital, Panzhihua, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuehui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Panzhihua Central Hospital, Panzhihua, Sichuan, China
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Jiang C, Campbell-Rance D, Wu S, Wang Y, Sun H, Xu Y, Wen X. Expansion and differentiation of human neural stem cells on synthesized integrin binding peptide surfaces. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:045033. [PMID: 38772389 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad4e85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix plays a crucial role in the growth of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) by forming a stem cell niche, bothin vitroandin vivo. The demand for defined synthetic substrates has been increasing recently in stem cell research, reflecting the requirements for precise functions and safety concerns in potential clinical approaches. In this study, we tested the adhesion and expansion of one of the most representative hNSC lines, the ReNcell VM Human Neural Progenitor Cell Line, in a pure-synthesized short peptide-basedin vitroniche using a previously established integrin-binding peptide array. Spontaneous cell differentiation was then induced using two differentin vitroapproaches to further confirm the multipotent features of cells treated with the peptides. Twelve different integrin-binding peptides were capable of supporting hNSC adhesion and expansion at varied proliferation rates. In the ReNcell medium-based differentiation approach, cells detached in almost all peptide-based groups, except integrinα5β1 binding peptide. In an altered differentiation process induced by retinoic acid containing neural differentiation medium, cell adhesion was retained in all 12 peptide groups. These peptides also appeared to have varied effects on the differentiation potential of hNSCs towards neurons and astrocytes. Our findings provide abundant options for the development ofin vitroneural stem cell niches and will help develop promising tools for disease modeling and future stem cell therapies for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23220, United States of America
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Debbie Campbell-Rance
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23220, United States of America
| | - Shujun Wu
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23220, United States of America
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifang Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Wen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23220, United States of America
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 389 Xincun Road, 200065 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Chen J, Tsai YH, Linden AK, Kessler JA, Peng CY. YAP and TAZ differentially regulate postnatal cortical progenitor proliferation and astrocyte differentiation. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261516. [PMID: 38639242 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
WW domain-containing transcription regulator 1 (WWTR1, referred to here as TAZ) and Yes-associated protein (YAP, also known as YAP1) are transcriptional co-activators traditionally studied together as a part of the Hippo pathway, and are best known for their roles in stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Despite their similarities, TAZ and YAP can exert divergent cellular effects by differentially interacting with other signaling pathways that regulate stem cell maintenance or differentiation. In this study, we show in mouse neural stem and progenitor cells (NPCs) that TAZ regulates astrocytic differentiation and maturation, and that TAZ mediates some, but not all, of the effects of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling on astrocytic development. By contrast, both TAZ and YAP mediate the effects on NPC fate of β1-integrin (ITGB1) and integrin-linked kinase signaling, and these effects are dependent on extracellular matrix cues. These findings demonstrate that TAZ and YAP perform divergent functions in the regulation of astrocyte differentiation, where YAP regulates cell cycle states of astrocytic progenitors and TAZ regulates differentiation and maturation from astrocytic progenitors into astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Chen
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yung-Hsu Tsai
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Anne K Linden
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - John A Kessler
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Chian-Yu Peng
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Li Y, Ritzel RM, He J, Liu S, Zhang L, Wu J. Ablation of the integrin CD11b mac-1 limits deleterious responses to traumatic spinal cord injury and improves functional recovery in mice. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4196316. [PMID: 38645238 PMCID: PMC11030505 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4196316/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes long-term sensorimotor deficits and posttraumatic neuropathic pain, with no effective treatment. In part, this reflects an incomplete understanding of the complex secondary pathobiological mechanisms involved. SCI triggers microglial/macrophage activation with distinct pro-inflammatory or inflammation-resolving phenotypes, which potentiate tissue damage or facilitate functional repair, respectively. The major integrin Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18, αMβ2 or CR3), a heterodimer consisting of αM (CD11b) and β2 (CD18) chains, is generally regarded as a pro-inflammatory receptor in neurotrauma. Multiple immune cells of the myeloid lineage express CD11b, including microglia, macrophages, and neutrophils. In the present study, we examined the effects of CD11b gene ablation on posttraumatic neuroinflammation and functional outcomes after SCI. Methods Young adult age-matched female CD11b knockout (KO) mice and their wildtype (WT) littermates were subjected to moderate thoracic spinal cord contusion. Neuroinflammation in the injured spinal cord was assessed with qPCR, flow cytometry, NanoString, and RNAseq. Neurological function was evaluated with the Basso Mouse Scale (BMS), gait analysis, thermal hyperesthesia, and mechanical allodynia. Lesion volume was evaluated by GFAP-DAB immunohistochemistry, followed by analysis with unbiased stereology. Results qPCR analysis showed a rapid and persistent upregulation of CD11b mRNA starting from 1d after injury, which persisted up to 28 days. At 1d post-injury, increased expression levels of genes that regulate inflammation-resolving processes were observed in CD11b KO mice. Flow cytometry analysis of CD45intLy6C-CX3CR1+ microglia, CD45hiLy6C+Ly6G- monocytes, and CD45hiLy6C+Ly6G+ neutrophils revealed significantly reduced cell counts as well as reactive oxygen production in CD11b KO mice at d3 post-injury. Further examination of the injured spinal cord with NanoString Mouse Neuroinflammation Panel and RNAseq showed upregulated expression of pro-inflammatory genes, but downregulated expression of the reactive oxygen species pathway. Importantly, CD11b KO mice exhibited significantly improved locomotor function, reduced cutaneous mechanical/thermal hypersensitivity, and limited tissue damage at 8 weeks post-injury. Conclusion Collectively, our data suggest an important role for CD11b in regulating tissue inflammation and functional outcome following SCI. Thus, the integrin CD11b represents a potential target that may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | | | - Junyun He
- University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Simon Liu
- University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Li Zhang
- University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Junfang Wu
- University of Maryland School of Medicine
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6
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Liu D, Shen H, Zhang K, Shen Y, Wen R, He X, Long G, Li X. Functional Hydrogel Co-Remolding Migration and Differentiation Microenvironment for Severe Spinal Cord Injury Repair. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2301662. [PMID: 37937326 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) activates nestin+ neural stem cells (NSCs), which can be regarded as potential seed cells for neuronal regeneration. However, the lesion microenvironment seriously hinders the migration of the nestin+ cells to the lesion epicenter and their differentiation into neurons to rebuild neural circuits. In this study, a photosensitive hydrogel scaffold is prepared as drug delivery carrier. Genetically engineered SDF1α and NT3 are designed and the scaffold is binary modified to reshape the lesion microenvironment. The binary modified scaffold can effectively induce the migration and neuronal differentiation of nestin+ NSCs in vitro. When implanted into a rat complete SCI model, many of the SCI-activated nestin+ cells migrate into the lesion site and give rise to neurons in short-term. Meanwhile, long-term repair results also show that implantation of the binary modified scaffold can effectively promote the maturation, functionalization and synaptic network reconstruction of neurons in the lesion site. In addition, animals treated with binary scaffold also showed better improvement in motor functions. The therapeutic strategy based on remolding the migration and neuronal differentiation lesion microenvironment provides a new insight into SCI repair by targeting activated nestin+ cells, which exhibits excellent clinical transformation prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410078, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, China
| | - He Shen
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410078, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, China
| | - Yeyu Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410078, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, China
| | - Runlin Wen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410078, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, China
| | - Xinghui He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410078, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, China
| | - Ge Long
- Department of Anesthesia, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410078, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410078, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, China
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Rodriguez-Jimenez FJ, Jendelova P, Erceg S. The activation of dormant ependymal cells following spinal cord injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:175. [PMID: 37408068 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03395-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ependymal cells, a dormant population of ciliated progenitors found within the central canal of the spinal cord, undergo significant alterations after spinal cord injury (SCI). Understanding the molecular events that induce ependymal cell activation after SCI represents the first step toward controlling the response of the endogenous regenerative machinery in damaged tissues. This response involves the activation of specific signaling pathways in the spinal cord that promotes self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation. We review our current understanding of the signaling pathways and molecular events that mediate the SCI-induced activation of ependymal cells by focusing on the roles of some cell adhesion molecules, cellular membrane receptors, ion channels (and their crosstalk), and transcription factors. An orchestrated response regulating the expression of receptors and ion channels fine-tunes and coordinates the activation of ependymal cells after SCI or cell transplantation. Understanding the major players in the activation of ependymal cells may help us to understand whether these cells represent a critical source of cells contributing to cellular replacement and tissue regeneration after SCI. A more complete understanding of the role and function of individual signaling pathways in endogenous spinal cord progenitors may foster the development of novel targeted therapies to induce the regeneration of the injured spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Rodriguez-Jimenez
- Stem Cell Therapies in Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab, Research Center "Principe Felipe", C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Pavla Jendelova
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Slaven Erceg
- Stem Cell Therapies in Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab, Research Center "Principe Felipe", C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain.
- National Stem Cell Bank - Valencia Node, Research Center "Principe Felipe", C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain.
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Xu Y, He X, Wang Y, Jian J, Peng X, Zhou L, Kang Y, Wang T. 5-Fluorouracil reduces the fibrotic scar via inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase 9 and stabilizing microtubules after spinal cord injury. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:2011-2023. [PMID: 35918897 PMCID: PMC9627390 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Fibrotic scars composed of a dense extracellular matrix are the major obstacles for axonal regeneration. Previous studies have reported that antitumor drugs promote neurofunctional recovery. METHODS We investigated the effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a classical antitumor drug with a high therapeutic index, on fibrotic scar formation, axonal regeneration, and functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). RESULTS 5-FU administration after hemisection SCI improved hind limb sensorimotor function of the ipsilateral hind paws. 5-FU application also significantly reduced the fibrotic scar formation labeled with aggrecan and fibronectin-positive components, Iba1+ /CD11b+ macrophages/microglia, vimentin, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (NG2/CSPG4), and platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ)+ pericytes. Moreover, 5-FU treatment promoted stromal cells apoptosis and inhibited fibroblast proliferation and migration by abrogating the polarity of these cells and reducing matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression and promoted axonal growth of spinal neurons via the neuron-specific protein doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1). Therefore, 5-FU administration impedes the formation of fibrotic scars and promotes axonal regeneration to further restore sensorimotor function after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Institute of Neurological Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West ChinaChinese Academy of Medical SciencesChengduChina,Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiuying He
- Institute of Neurological Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West ChinaChinese Academy of Medical SciencesChengduChina,Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Institute of Neurological Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West ChinaChinese Academy of Medical SciencesChengduChina
| | - Jiao Jian
- Institute of Neuroscience, Laboratory Zoology DepartmentKunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Xia Peng
- Institute of Neuroscience, Laboratory Zoology DepartmentKunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Lie Zhou
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Biomedical Engineering Research CenterKunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Yi Kang
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina,National‐Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Tinghua Wang
- Institute of Neurological Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West ChinaChinese Academy of Medical SciencesChengduChina,Institute of Neuroscience, Laboratory Zoology DepartmentKunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina,National‐Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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BMP4 signaling plays critical roles in self-renewal of R2i mouse embryonic stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 617:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Stenudd M, Sabelström H, Llorens-Bobadilla E, Zamboni M, Blom H, Brismar H, Zhang S, Basak O, Clevers H, Göritz C, Barnabé-Heider F, Frisén J. Identification of a discrete subpopulation of spinal cord ependymal cells with neural stem cell properties. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110440. [PMID: 35235796 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord ependymal cells display neural stem cell properties in vitro and generate scar-forming astrocytes and remyelinating oligodendrocytes after injury. We report that ependymal cells are functionally heterogeneous and identify a small subpopulation (8% of ependymal cells and 0.1% of all cells in a spinal cord segment), which we denote ependymal A (EpA) cells, that accounts for the in vitro stem cell potential in the adult spinal cord. After spinal cord injury, EpA cells undergo self-renewing cell division as they give rise to differentiated progeny. Single-cell transcriptome analysis revealed a loss of ependymal cell gene expression programs as EpA cells gained signaling entropy and dedifferentiated to a stem-cell-like transcriptional state after an injury. We conclude that EpA cells are highly differentiated cells that can revert to a stem cell state and constitute a therapeutic target for spinal cord repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moa Stenudd
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna Sabelström
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Margherita Zamboni
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Blom
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, 171 21 Solna, Sweden
| | - Hjalmar Brismar
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, 171 21 Solna, Sweden
| | - Shupei Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Onur Basak
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3584 GC, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3584 GC, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Göritz
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Stockholm Node, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fanie Barnabé-Heider
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Frisén
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Hart CG, Karimi-Abdolrezaee S. Recent insights on astrocyte mechanisms in CNS homeostasis, pathology, and repair. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:2427-2462. [PMID: 34259342 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes play essential roles in development, homeostasis, injury, and repair of the central nervous system (CNS). Their development is tightly regulated by distinct spatial and temporal cues during embryogenesis and into adulthood throughout the CNS. Astrocytes have several important responsibilities such as regulating blood flow and permeability of the blood-CNS barrier, glucose metabolism and storage, synapse formation and function, and axon myelination. In CNS pathologies, astrocytes also play critical parts in both injury and repair mechanisms. Upon injury, they undergo a robust phenotypic shift known as "reactive astrogliosis," which results in both constructive and deleterious outcomes. Astrocyte activation and migration at the site of injury provides an early defense mechanism to minimize the extent of injury by enveloping the lesion area. However, astrogliosis also contributes to the inhibitory microenvironment of CNS injury and potentiate secondary injury mechanisms, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and glutamate excitotoxicity, which facilitate neurodegeneration in CNS pathologies. Intriguingly, reactive astrocytes are increasingly a focus in current therapeutic strategies as their activation can be modulated toward a neuroprotective and reparative phenotype. This review will discuss recent advancements in knowledge regarding the development and role of astrocytes in the healthy and pathological CNS. We will also review how astrocytes have been genetically modified to optimize their reparative potential after injury, and how they may be transdifferentiated into neurons and oligodendrocytes to promote repair after CNS injury and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Hart
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Soheila Karimi-Abdolrezaee
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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12
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Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating injury that results from traumatic or non-traumatic insults to the spinal cord, causing significant impairment of the patient's activity and quality of life. Bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) are a group of polyfunctional cytokines belonging to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily that regulates a wide variety of cellular functions in healthy and disease states. Recent studies suggest that dysregulation of BMP signaling is involved in neuronal demyelination and death after traumatic SCI. The focus of this article is to describe our current understanding of the role of BMP signaling in the regulation of cell fate, proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammation in traumatic SCI. First, we will describe the expression of BMPs and pattern of BMP signaling before and after traumatic SCI in rodent models and in vitro. Next, we will discuss the role of BMP in the regulation of neuronal and glial cell differentiation, survival, functional recovery from traumatic SCI, and the gap in knowledge in this area that requires further investigation to improve SCI prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Al-Sammarraie
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Swapan K Ray
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
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13
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Schiweck J, Murk K, Ledderose J, Münster-Wandowski A, Ornaghi M, Vida I, Eickholt BJ. Drebrin controls scar formation and astrocyte reactivity upon traumatic brain injury by regulating membrane trafficking. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1490. [PMID: 33674568 PMCID: PMC7935889 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21662-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain of mammals lacks a significant ability to regenerate neurons and is thus particularly vulnerable. To protect the brain from injury and disease, damage control by astrocytes through astrogliosis and scar formation is vital. Here, we show that brain injury in mice triggers an immediate upregulation of the actin-binding protein Drebrin (DBN) in astrocytes, which is essential for scar formation and maintenance of astrocyte reactivity. In turn, DBN loss leads to defective astrocyte scar formation and excessive neurodegeneration following brain injuries. At the cellular level, we show that DBN switches actin homeostasis from ARP2/3-dependent arrays to microtubule-compatible scaffolds, facilitating the formation of RAB8-positive membrane tubules. This injury-specific RAB8 membrane compartment serves as hub for the trafficking of surface proteins involved in astrogliosis and adhesion mediators, such as β1-integrin. Our work shows that DBN-mediated membrane trafficking in astrocytes is an important neuroprotective mechanism following traumatic brain injury in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Schiweck
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai Murk
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Ledderose
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Marta Ornaghi
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Imre Vida
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Institute of Anatomy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta J. Eickholt
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany ,grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662NeuroCure - Cluster of Excellence, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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14
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Hart CG, Karimi-Abdolrezaee S. Bone morphogenetic proteins: New insights into their roles and mechanisms in CNS development, pathology and repair. Exp Neurol 2020; 334:113455. [PMID: 32877654 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a highly conserved and diverse family of proteins that play essential roles in various stages of development including the formation and patterning of the central nervous system (CNS). Bioavailability and function of BMPs are regulated by input from a plethora of transcription factors and signaling pathways. Intriguingly, recent literature has uncovered novel roles for BMPs in regulating homeostatic and pathological responses in the adult CNS. Basal levels of BMP ligands and receptors are widely expressed in the adult brain and spinal cord with differential expression patterns across CNS regions, cell types and subcellular locations. Recent evidence indicates that several BMP isoforms are transiently or chronically upregulated in the aged or pathological CNS. Genetic knockout and pharmacological studies have elucidated that BMPs regulate several aspects of CNS injury and repair including cell survival and differentiation, reactive astrogliosis and glial scar formation, axon regeneration, and myelin preservation and repair. Several BMP isoforms can be upregulated in the injured or diseased CNS simultaneously yet exert complementary or opposing effects on the endogenous cell responses after injury. Emerging studies also show that dysregulation of BMPs is associated with various CNS pathologies. Interestingly, modulation of BMPs can lead to beneficial or detrimental effects on CNS injury and repair mechanisms in a ligand, temporally or spatially specific manner, which reflect the complexity of BMP signaling. Given the significance of BMPs in neurodevelopment, a better understanding of their role in the context of injury may provide new therapeutic targets for the pathologic CNS. This review will provide a timely overview on the foundation and recent advancements in knowledge regarding the role and mechanisms of BMP signaling in the developing and adult CNS, and their implications in pathological responses and repair processes after injury or diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Hart
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Regenerative Medicine Program, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Soheila Karimi-Abdolrezaee
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Regenerative Medicine Program, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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15
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Liu W, Xu B, Xue W, Yang B, Fan Y, Chen B, Xiao Z, Xue X, Sun Z, Shu M, Zhang Q, Shi Y, Zhao Y, Dai J. A functional scaffold to promote the migration and neuronal differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells for spinal cord injury repair. Biomaterials 2020; 243:119941. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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Pous L, Deshpande SS, Nath S, Mezey S, Malik SC, Schildge S, Bohrer C, Topp K, Pfeifer D, Fernández-Klett F, Doostkam S, Galanakis DK, Taylor V, Akassoglou K, Schachtrup C. Fibrinogen induces neural stem cell differentiation into astrocytes in the subventricular zone via BMP signaling. Nat Commun 2020; 11:630. [PMID: 32005867 PMCID: PMC6994610 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14466-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) originating from the subventricular zone (SVZ) contribute to brain repair during CNS disease. The microenvironment within the SVZ stem cell niche controls NSPC fate. However, extracellular factors within the niche that trigger astrogliogenesis over neurogenesis during CNS disease are unclear. Here, we show that blood-derived fibrinogen is enriched in the SVZ niche following distant cortical brain injury in mice. Fibrinogen inhibited neuronal differentiation in SVZ and hippocampal NSPCs while promoting astrogenesis via activation of the BMP receptor signaling pathway. Genetic and pharmacologic depletion of fibrinogen reduced astrocyte formation within the SVZ after cortical injury, reducing the contribution of SVZ-derived reactive astrocytes to lesion scar formation. We propose that fibrinogen is a regulator of NSPC-derived astrogenesis from the SVZ niche via BMP receptor signaling pathway following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Pous
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sachin S Deshpande
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Suvra Nath
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Szilvia Mezey
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Subash C Malik
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schildge
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Bohrer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Könül Topp
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Pfeifer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Francisco Fernández-Klett
- Department of Neuropsychiatry & Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Soroush Doostkam
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dennis K Galanakis
- Department of Pathology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Verdon Taylor
- Department of Biomedicine, Embryology and Stem Cell Biology, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katerina Akassoglou
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Christian Schachtrup
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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17
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Yang L, Liu S, Wang Y. Role of bone morphogenetic protein-2/4 in astrocyte activation in neuropathic pain. Mol Pain 2019; 15:1744806919892100. [PMID: 31726923 PMCID: PMC6886276 DOI: 10.1177/1744806919892100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone morphogenetic protein-2/4 (BMP2/4) has been recognized as promoters of astrocyte activity. Substantial evidence suggests that BMP2/4 may be elevated and plays a critical role in astrocyte activation upon spinal cord injury. Although neuropathic pain is similarly associated with astrocyte activation, the participation of BMP2/4 in this regard still remains unclear. Methods A rat model of neuropathic pain achieved by spinal nerve ligation at L5 was used to evaluate the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and BMP2/4 in the spinal cord in days 1, 4, 7, 10, and 14. Next, normal rats received intrathecal exogenous BMP2/4 and the antagonist Noggin to assess the effect of BMP2/4 on astrocyte activation. In both experiments, von Frey filaments were used to evaluate the changes in paw withdrawal threshold. In addition, Western blotting and immunofluorescence were performed to assess the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, BMP2/4, p-Smad 1/5/8, and phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (p-STAT3) in the spinal cord. Results Firstly, spinal nerve ligation caused a significant increase in the expression of BMP4, while BMP2 levels remained unchanged. Secondly, exogenous BMP4 but not BMP2 induced a significant decrease in paw withdrawal threshold, along with the upregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein. Moreover, exogenous BMP4 stimulated both p-Smad 1/5/8 and p-STAT3, while BMP2 only upregulated p-Smad 1/5/8. Finally, exogenous Noggin alleviated the decrease in paw withdrawal threshold induced by BMP4 and reduced astrocyte activation, as well as p-STAT3 upregulation. Conclusions Our results indicate only BMP4—and not BMP2—intervened in allodynia in rats by eliciting glial activation probably through both p-Smad 1/5/8 and p-STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuxin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
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18
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Almurshidi B, Carver W, Scott G, Ray SK. Roles of miRNAs in spinal cord injury and potential therapeutic interventions. NEUROIMMUNOLOGY AND NEUROINFLAMMATION 2019; 6:11. [PMID: 33869675 PMCID: PMC8052101 DOI: 10.20517/2347-8659.2019.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) affects approximately 200,000 individuals per year worldwide. There are more than 27 million people worldwide living with long-term disability due to SCI. Historically, it was thought that the central nervous system (CNS) had little ability for regeneration; however, more recent studies have demonstrated potential for repair within the CNS. Because of this, there exists a renewed interest in the discovery of novel approaches to promote regeneration in the CNS including the spinal cord. It is important to know the roles of the microRNAs (miRNAs) in modulation of pathogenesis in SCI and the potentials of the miRNA-based clinical interventions for controlling post-injury symptoms and improving functional recovery. The miRNAs, which are non-coding RNAs with an average of 22 nucleotides in length, are post-transcriptional gene regulators that cause degradation of the target mRNAs and thus negatively control their translation. This review article focuses on current research related to miRNAs and their roles in modulating SCI symptoms, asserting that miRNAs contribute to critical post-SCI molecular processes including neuroplasticity, functional recovery, astrogliosis, neuropathic pain, inflammation, and apoptosis. In particular, miR-96 provides a promising therapeutic opportunity to improve the outcomes of clinical interventions, including the way SCI injuries are evaluated and treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badria Almurshidi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, CENR, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Wayne Carver
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Geoff Scott
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, CENR, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Swapan K. Ray
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
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19
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Li X, Liu D, Xiao Z, Zhao Y, Han S, Chen B, Dai J. Scaffold-facilitated locomotor improvement post complete spinal cord injury: Motor axon regeneration versus endogenous neuronal relay formation. Biomaterials 2019; 197:20-31. [PMID: 30639547 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Complete transected spinal cord injury (SCI) severely influences the quality of life and mortality rates of animals and patients. In the past decade, many simple and combinatorial therapeutic treatments have been tested in improving locomotor function in animals with this extraordinarily challenging SCI. The potential mechanism for promotion of locomotor function relies either on direct motor axon regeneration through the lesion gap or indirect neuronal relay bridging to functionally reconnect transected spinal stumps. In this review, we first compare the advantages and problems of complete transection SCI animal models with other prevailing SCI models used in motor axon regeneration research. Next, we enumerate some of the popular bio-scaffolds utilized in complete SCI repair in the last decade. Then, the current state of motor axon regeneration as well as its role on locomotor improvement of animals after complete SCI is discussed. Last, the current approach of directing endogenous neuronal relays formation to achieve motor function recovery by well-designed functional bio-scaffolds implantation in complete transected SCI animals is reviewed. Although facilitating neuronal relays formation by bio-scaffolds implantation appears to be more practical and feasible than directing motor axon regeneration in promoting locomotor outcome in animals after complete SCI, there are still challenges in neuronal relays formation, maintaining and debugging for spinal cord regenerative repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University (CSU), Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Dingyang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhifeng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yannan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Sufang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianwu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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20
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Becker CG, Becker T, Hugnot JP. The spinal ependymal zone as a source of endogenous repair cells across vertebrates. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 170:67-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Sato Y, Kiyozumi D, Futaki S, Nakano I, Shimono C, Kaneko N, Ikawa M, Okabe M, Sawamoto K, Sekiguchi K. Ventricular-subventricular zone fractones are speckled basement membranes that function as a neural stem cell niche. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 30:56-68. [PMID: 30379609 PMCID: PMC6337917 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-05-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are retained in the adult ventricular–subventricular zone (V-SVZ), a specialized neurogenic niche with a unique cellular architecture. It currently remains unclear whether or how NSCs utilize basement membranes (BMs) in this niche. Here, we examine the molecular compositions and functions of BMs in the adult mouse V-SVZ. Whole-mount V-SVZ immunostaining revealed that fractones, which are fingerlike processes of extravascular BMs, are speckled BMs unconnected to the vasculature, and differ in their molecular composition from vascular BMs. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes and NSCs produce and adhere to speckled BMs. Furthermore, Gfap-Cre-mediated Lamc1flox(E1605Q) knockin mice, in which integrin-binding activities of laminins are specifically nullified in GFAP-positive cells, exhibit a decreased number and size of speckled BMs and reduced in vitro neurosphere-forming activity. Our results reveal niche activities of fractones/speckled BMs for NSCs and provide molecular insights into how laminin–integrin interactions regulate NSCs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Sato
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biochemistry, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daiji Kiyozumi
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biochemistry, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sugiko Futaki
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biochemistry, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Itsuko Nakano
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biochemistry, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Chisei Shimono
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biochemistry, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoko Kaneko
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8610, Japan
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaru Okabe
- Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sawamoto
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8610, Japan.,Division of Neural Development and Regeneration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kiyotoshi Sekiguchi
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biochemistry, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Laboratory of Matrixome Research and Application, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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22
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Kitada M, Wakao S, Dezawa M. Intracellular signaling similarity reveals neural stem cell-like properties of ependymal cells in the adult rat spinal cord. Dev Growth Differ 2018; 60:326-340. [DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Kitada
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology; Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Sendai Japan
| | - Shohei Wakao
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology; Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Sendai Japan
| | - Mari Dezawa
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology; Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Sendai Japan
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23
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Abstract
In the adult mouse spinal cord, the ependymal cell population that surrounds the central canal is thought to be a promising source of quiescent stem cells to treat spinal cord injury. Relatively little is known about the cellular origin of ependymal cells during spinal cord development, or the molecular mechanisms that regulate ependymal cells during adult homeostasis. Using genetic lineage tracing based on the Wnt target gene Axin2, we have characterized Wnt-responsive cells during spinal cord development. Our results revealed that Wnt-responsive progenitor cells are restricted to the dorsal midline throughout spinal cord development, which gives rise to dorsal ependymal cells in a spatially restricted pattern. This is contrary to previous reports that suggested an exclusively ventral origin of ependymal cells, suggesting that ependymal cells may retain positional identities in relation to their neural progenitors. Our results further demonstrated that in the postnatal and adult spinal cord, all ependymal cells express the Wnt/β-catenin signaling target gene Axin2, as well as Wnt ligands. Genetic elimination of β-catenin or inhibition of Wnt secretion in Axin2-expressing ependymal cells in vivo both resulted in impaired proliferation, indicating that Wnt/β-catenin signaling promotes ependymal cell proliferation. These results demonstrate the continued importance of Wnt/β-catenin signaling for both ependymal cell formation and regulation. By uncovering the molecular signals underlying the formation and regulation of spinal cord ependymal cells, our findings thus enable further targeting and manipulation of this promising source of quiescent stem cells for therapeutic interventions.
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24
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Andreopoulou E, Arampatzis A, Patsoni M, Kazanis I. Being a Neural Stem Cell: A Matter of Character But Defined by the Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1041:81-118. [PMID: 29204830 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-69194-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cells that build the nervous system, either this is a small network of ganglia or a complicated primate brain, are called neural stem and progenitor cells. Even though the very primitive and the very recent neural stem cells (NSCs) share common basic characteristics that are hard-wired within their character, such as the expression of transcription factors of the SoxB family, their capacity to give rise to extremely different neural tissues depends significantly on instructions from the microenvironment. In this chapter we explore the nature of the NSC microenvironment, looking through evolution, embryonic development, maturity and even disease. Experimental work undertaken over the last 20 years has revealed exciting insight into the NSC microcosmos. NSCs are very capable in producing their own extracellular matrix and in regulating their behaviour in an autocrine and paracrine manner. Nevertheless, accumulating evidence indicates an important role for the vasculature, especially within the NSC niches of the postnatal brain; while novel results reveal direct links between the metabolic state of the organism and the function of NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Andreopoulou
- Lab of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Asterios Arampatzis
- Wellcome Trust- MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Biology Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Melina Patsoni
- Lab of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Ilias Kazanis
- Lab of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
- Wellcome Trust- MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Biology Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Selective killing of spinal cord neural stem cells impairs locomotor recovery in a mouse model of spinal cord injury. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:58. [PMID: 29475438 PMCID: PMC5824446 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1085-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition mainly deriving from a traumatic damage of the spinal cord (SC). Immune cells and endogenous SC-neural stem cells (SC-NSCs) play a critical role in wound healing processes, although both are ineffective to completely restore tissue functioning. The role of SC-NSCs in SCI and, in particular, whether such cells can interplay with the immune response are poorly investigated issues, although mechanisms governing such interactions might open new avenues to develop novel therapeutic approaches. Methods We used two transgenic mouse lines to trace as well as to kill SC-NSCs in mice receiving SCI. We used Nestin CreERT2 mice to trace SC-NSCs descendants in the spinal cord of mice subjected to SCI. While mice carrying the suicide gene thymidine kinase (TK) along with the GFP reporter, under the control of the Nestin promoter regions (NestinTK mice) were used to label and selectively kill SC-NSCs. Results We found that SC-NSCs are capable to self-activate after SCI. In addition, a significant worsening of clinical and pathological features of SCI was observed in the NestinTK mice, upon selective ablation of SC-NSCs before the injury induction. Finally, mice lacking in SC-NSCs and receiving SCI displayed reduced levels of different neurotrophic factors in the SC and significantly higher number of M1-like myeloid cells. Conclusion Our data show that SC-NSCs undergo cell proliferation in response to traumatic spinal cord injury. Mice lacking SC-NSCs display overt microglia activation and exaggerate expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The absence of SC-NSCs impaired functional recovery as well as neuronal and oligodendrocyte cell survival. Collectively our data indicate that SC-NSCs can interact with microglia/macrophages modulating their activation/responses and that such interaction is importantly involved in mechanisms leading tissue recovery. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-018-1085-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Chen C, Bai GC, Jin HL, Lei K, Li KX. Local injection of bone morphogenetic protein 7 promotes neuronal regeneration and motor function recovery after acute spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:1054-1060. [PMID: 29926833 PMCID: PMC6022460 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.233449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
After spinal cord injury, the number of glial cells and motor neurons expressing bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) increases, indicating that upregulation of BMP7 can promote nerve repair. We, therefore, tested whether direct injection of BMP7 into acutely injured rat spinal cord can affect neurological recovery. Allen's impactor was used to create spinal cord injury at T10. The injury site was then injected with 50 ng BMP7 (BMP7 group) or physiological saline (control group) for 7 consecutive days. Electrophysiological examination showed that the amplitude of N1 in motor evoked potentials (MEP) decreased after spinal cord injury. At 8 weeks post-operation, the amplitude of N1 in the BMP7 group was remarkably higher than that at 1 week post-operation and was higher than that of the control group. Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan scale (BBB) scores, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and western blot assay showed that at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks post-operation, BBB scores were increased; Nissl body staining was stronger; the number of Nissl-stained bodies was increased; the number of vacuoles gradually decreased; the number of synapses was increased; and the expression of neuronal marker, neurofilament protein 200, was increased in the hind limbs of the BMP7 group compared with the control group. Western blot assay showed that the expression of GFAP protein in BMP7 group and control group did not change significantly and there was no significant difference between the BMP7 and control groups. These data confirmed that local injection of BMP7 can promote neuronal regeneration after spinal cord injury and promote recovery of motor function in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Joint and Spine, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Guang-Chao Bai
- Department of Joint and Spine, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Hong-Liang Jin
- Department of Joint and Spine, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Kun Lei
- Department of Joint and Spine, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Kuan-Xin Li
- Department of Joint and Spine, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
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Cardozo MJ, Mysiak KS, Becker T, Becker CG. Reduce, reuse, recycle – Developmental signals in spinal cord regeneration. Dev Biol 2017; 432:53-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Petersen MA, Ryu JK, Chang KJ, Etxeberria A, Bardehle S, Mendiola AS, Kamau-Devers W, Fancy SPJ, Thor A, Bushong EA, Baeza-Raja B, Syme CA, Wu MD, Rios Coronado PE, Meyer-Franke A, Yahn S, Pous L, Lee JK, Schachtrup C, Lassmann H, Huang EJ, Han MH, Absinta M, Reich DS, Ellisman MH, Rowitch DH, Chan JR, Akassoglou K. Fibrinogen Activates BMP Signaling in Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells and Inhibits Remyelination after Vascular Damage. Neuron 2017; 96:1003-1012.e7. [PMID: 29103804 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption alters the composition of the brain microenvironment by allowing blood proteins into the CNS. However, whether blood-derived molecules serve as extrinsic inhibitors of remyelination is unknown. Here we show that the coagulation factor fibrinogen activates the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and suppresses remyelination. Fibrinogen induces phosphorylation of Smad 1/5/8 and inhibits OPC differentiation into myelinating oligodendrocytes (OLs) while promoting an astrocytic fate in vitro. Fibrinogen effects are rescued by BMP type I receptor inhibition using dorsomorphin homolog 1 (DMH1) or CRISPR/Cas9 activin A receptor type I (ACVR1) knockout in OPCs. Fibrinogen and the BMP target Id2 are increased in demyelinated multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions. Therapeutic depletion of fibrinogen decreases BMP signaling and enhances remyelination in vivo. Targeting fibrinogen may be an upstream therapeutic strategy to promote the regenerative potential of CNS progenitors in diseases with remyelination failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Petersen
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jae Kyu Ryu
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kae-Jiun Chang
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ainhoa Etxeberria
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Wanjiru Kamau-Devers
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Berkeley City College, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Stephen P J Fancy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Newborn Brain Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Thor
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Center for Research in Biological Systems, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eric A Bushong
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Center for Research in Biological Systems, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Michael D Wu
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Stephanie Yahn
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lauriane Pous
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jae K Lee
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Christian Schachtrup
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hans Lassmann
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eric J Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - May H Han
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Martina Absinta
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel S Reich
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark H Ellisman
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Center for Research in Biological Systems, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, San Diego, California, USA
| | - David H Rowitch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonah R Chan
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katerina Akassoglou
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Marichal N, Reali C, Rehermann MI, Trujillo-Cenóz O, Russo RE. Progenitors in the Ependyma of the Spinal Cord: A Potential Resource for Self-Repair After Injury. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1015:241-264. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-62817-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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Neo SH, Tang BL. Collagen 1 signaling at the central nervous system injury site and astrogliosis. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1600-1601. [PMID: 29171417 PMCID: PMC5696833 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.217323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sin Hui Neo
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Bor Luen Tang
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Medical Drive, Singapore
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Dai K, Qin F, Zhang H, Liu X, Guo C, Zhang M, Gu F, Fu L, Ma Y. Low expression of BMPRIB indicates poor prognosis of breast cancer and is insensitive to taxane-anthracycline chemotherapy. Oncotarget 2016; 7:4770-84. [PMID: 26684357 PMCID: PMC4826242 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type IB (BMPRIB) is one osteogenesis factor, which function in breast cancer has been rarely explored until recently. In the clinical study presented here, involving a cohort of 368 invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) patients, we identified that patients with low expression of BMPRIB exhibited poor prognosis, especially in the luminal B subtype. We also provided the first piece of evidence that low level of BMPRIB was a promoting factor for breast cancer patients to develop bone metastasis, but not lung, liver or brain. The first of its kind, we reported that patients with high expression of BMPRIB exhibited favorable prognosis by a retrospective analysis consisting of 168 patients treated with TE (taxane and anthracycline) regimens. And the patients with high expression of BMPRIB were more sensitive to TE regimens in the detection of 32 paired pre-neoadjuvant and post-neoadjuvant specimens. Overall, our study concluded that low expression of BMPRIB indicated poor prognosis of breast cancer and was insensitive to taxane-anthracycline chemotherapy. Our findings also lay a foundation to help clinicians improve identification of patients for TE regimens by BMPRIB in the era of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Dai
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengxia Qin
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Huikun Zhang
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Caixia Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, U.S.A
| | - Feng Gu
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongjie Ma
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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32
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Modulation of BMP signalling by integrins. Biochem Soc Trans 2016; 44:1465-1473. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20160111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway is a major conserved signalling pathway with diverse roles in development and homeostasis. Given that cells exist in three-dimensional environments, one important area is to understand how the BMP pathway operates within such complex cellular environments. The extracellular matrix contains information regarding tissue architecture and its mechanical properties that is transmitted to the cell via integrin receptors. In this review, I describe various examples of modulation of the BMP pathway by integrins. In the case of the Drosophila embryo and some cell line-based studies, integrins have been found to enhance BMP responses through different mechanisms, such as enhancement of BMP ligand–receptor binding and effects on Smad phosphorylation or stability. In these contexts, BMP-dependent activation of integrins is a common theme. However, I also discuss examples where integrins inhibit the BMP pathway, highlighting the context-dependent nature of integrin–BMP cross-talk.
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Pathania M, Wang Y, Simirskii VN, Duncan MK. β1-integrin controls cell fate specification in early lens development. Differentiation 2016; 92:133-147. [PMID: 27596755 PMCID: PMC5159248 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric cell surface molecules that mediate cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion, ECM assembly, and regulation of both ECM and growth factor induced signaling. However, the developmental context of these diverse functions is not clear. Loss of β1-integrin from the lens vesicle (mouse E10.5) results in abnormal exit of anterior lens epithelial cells (LECs) from the cell cycle and their aberrant elongation toward the presumptive cornea by E12.5. These cells lose expression of LEC markers and initiate expression of the Maf (also known as c-Maf) and Prox1 transcription factors as well as other lens fiber cell markers. β1-integrin null LECs also upregulate the ERK, AKT and Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation indicative of BMP and FGF signaling. By E14.5, β1-integrin null lenses have undergone a complete conversion of all lens epithelial cells into fiber cells. These data suggest that shortly after lens vesicle closure, β1-integrin blocks inappropriate differentiation of the lens epithelium into fibers, potentially by inhibiting BMP and/or FGF receptor activation. Thus, β1-integrin has an important role in fine-tuning the response of the early lens to the gradient of growth factors that regulate lens fiber cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallika Pathania
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Vladimir N Simirskii
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Melinda K Duncan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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Fang H, Song P, Shen C, Liu X, Li H. Bone mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium induces the upregulation of Smad6, which inhibits the BMP-4/Smad1/5/8 signaling pathway. Neurol Res 2016; 38:965-972. [PMID: 27636090 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2016.1232549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) conditioned medium on BMP4-induced activation of the Smad signaling pathway during the process of neural stem cells differentiation. METHODS We designed four experimental groups: (A) control group, (B) BMP-4 treatment group, (C) BMSC-CM group, and (D) BMSC-CM (BMSC-conditioned medium) combined with BMP-4 group. The expression of microtube-associated protein-2 (MAP-2) detected by immunocytochemical staining and western blot. The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and BMP receptors (BMPRII and BMPRIa) was determined by western blot, while SMAD1/5/8 and SMAD6 mRNA expression was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-RT-PCR). RESULTS We found that the expression of microtube-associated protein-2 (MAP-2) increased in group B compared to group A. In group C, the expression of GFAP was increased and the expression of MAP-2 was decreased compared to group A. This phenomenon was weaker in group D. We also demonstrated that BMSC-CM could inhibit the activation of BMP signaling by downregulating the expression of BMPRII and BMPRIa proteins. Moreover, BMSC-CM could upregulate the expression of Smad6 mRNA and inhibit the activation of Smad1/5/8 mRNA. CONCLUSION These observations suggest that BMSC-CM could neutralize the effect of BMP-4 on the differentiation of NSCs by upregulating the expression of Smad6 and decrease the expression of GFAP by inhibiting the BMP-4-SMAD1/5/8 signaling pathway, conversely increasing the generation of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Fang
- a Department of Spinal Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China
| | - PeiWen Song
- a Department of Spinal Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China
| | - CaiLiang Shen
- a Department of Spinal Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China
| | - XiaoYing Liu
- b School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University , Heifei , China
| | - HaiTai Li
- a Department of Spinal Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China
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Cole AE, Murray SS, Xiao J. Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 Signalling in Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells during Development and after Injury. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:9260592. [PMID: 27293450 PMCID: PMC4884839 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9260592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantial progress has been made in identifying the extracellular signalling pathways that regulate neural stem and precursor cell biology in the central nervous system (CNS). The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), in particular BMP4, are key players regulating neuronal and glial cell development from neural precursor cells in the embryonic, postnatal, and injured CNS. Here we review recent studies on BMP4 signalling in the generation of neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendroglial cells in the CNS. We also discuss putative mechanisms that BMP4 may utilise to influence glial cell development following CNS injury and highlight some questions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair E. Cole
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Simon S. Murray
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Junhua Xiao
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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Brooker SM, Bond AM, Peng CY, Kessler JA. β1-integrin restricts astrocytic differentiation of adult hippocampal neural stem cells. Glia 2016; 64:1235-51. [PMID: 27145730 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are transmembrane receptors that mediate cell-extracellular matrix and cell-cell interactions. The β1-integrin subunit is highly expressed by embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs) and is critical for NSC maintenance in the developing nervous system, but its role in the adult hippocampal niche remains unexplored. We show that β1-integrin expression in the adult mouse dentate gyrus (DG) is localized to radial NSCs and early progenitors, but is lost in more mature progeny. Although NSCs in the hippocampal subgranular zone (SGZ) normally only infrequently differentiate into astrocytes, deletion of β1-integrin significantly enhanced astrocyte differentiation. Ablation of β1-integrin also led to reduced neurogenesis as well as depletion of the radial NSC population. Activation of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) in cultured adult NSCs from β1-integrin knockout mice reduced astrocyte differentiation, suggesting that at least some of the inhibitory effects of β1-integrin on astrocytic differentiation are mediated through ILK. In addition, β1-integrin conditional knockout also resulted in extensive cellular disorganization of the SGZ as well as non-neurogenic regions of the DG. The effects of β1-integrin ablation on DG structure and astrogliogenesis show sex-specific differences, with the effects following a substantially slower time-course in males. β1-integrin thus plays a dual role in maintaining the adult hippocampal NSC population by supporting the structural integrity of the NSC niche and by inhibiting astrocytic lineage commitment. GLIA 2016;64:1235-1251.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Brooker
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, 60611
| | - Allison M Bond
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, 60611
| | - Chian-Yu Peng
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, 60611
| | - John A Kessler
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, 60611
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Peak BMP Responses in the Drosophila Embryo Are Dependent on the Activation of Integrin Signaling. Cell Rep 2015; 12:1584-93. [PMID: 26321638 PMCID: PMC4571823 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Within a 3D tissue, cells need to integrate signals from growth factors, such as BMPs, and the extracellular matrix (ECM) to coordinate growth and differentiation. Here, we use the Drosophila embryo as a model to investigate how BMP responses are influenced by a cell’s local ECM environment. We show that integrins, which are ECM receptors, are absolutely required for peak BMP signaling. This stimulatory effect of integrins requires their intracellular signaling function, which is activated by the ECM protein collagen IV. Mechanistically, integrins interact with the BMP receptor and stimulate phosphorylation of the downstream Mad transcription factor. The BMP-pathway-enhancing function of integrins is independent of focal adhesion kinase, but it requires conserved NPXY motifs in the β-integrin cytoplasmic tail. Furthermore, we show that an α-integrin subunit is a BMP target gene, identifying positive feedback between integrin signaling and BMP pathway activity that may contribute to robust cell fate decisions. Drosophila embryos lacking integrin function have disrupted BMP responses Collagen IV activates integrin signaling to enhance levels of the pMad transducer Integrins bind BMP receptors and promote pMad levels after BMP receptor activation BMP activates expression of an α-integrin, representing a positive feedback loop
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Piltti KM, Avakian SN, Funes GM, Hu A, Uchida N, Anderson AJ, Cummings BJ. Transplantation dose alters the dynamics of human neural stem cell engraftment, proliferation and migration after spinal cord injury. Stem Cell Res 2015; 15:341-53. [PMID: 26298025 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of transplantation dose on the spatiotemporal dynamics of human neural stem cell (hNSC) engraftment has not been quantitatively evaluated in the central nervous system. We investigated changes over time in engraftment/survival, proliferation, and migration of multipotent human central nervous system-derived neural stem cells (hCNS-SCns) transplanted at doses ranging from 10,000 to 500,000 cells in spinal cord injured immunodeficient mice. Transplant dose was inversely correlated with measures of donor cell proliferation at 2 weeks post-transplant (WPT) and dose-normalized engraftment at 16 WPT. Critically, mice receiving the highest cell dose exhibited an engraftment plateau, in which the total number of engrafted human cells never exceeded the initial dose. These data suggest that donor cell expansion was inversely regulated by target niche parameters and/or transplantation density. Investigation of the response of donor cells to the host microenvironment should be a key variable in defining target cell dose in pre-clinical models of CNS disease and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja M Piltti
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, USA; Physical & Medical Rehabilitation, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments & Neurological Disorders, USA; Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Sabrina N Avakian
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, USA; Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Gabriella M Funes
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, USA; Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Antoinette Hu
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, USA; Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | | | - Aileen J Anderson
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, USA; Physical & Medical Rehabilitation, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments & Neurological Disorders, USA; Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Brian J Cummings
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, USA; Physical & Medical Rehabilitation, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments & Neurological Disorders, USA; Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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