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Arias P, Adán-Arcay L, Madinabeitia-Mancebo E, Cudeiro J. Homeostatic metaplasticity induced by the combination of two inhibitory brain stimulation techniques: Continuous theta burst and transcranial static magnetic stimulation. Neuroscience 2024; 554:128-136. [PMID: 39019392 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Aftereffects of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques may be brain state-dependent. Either continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) as transcranial static magnetic field stimulation (tSMS) reduce cortical excitability. Our objective was to explore the aftereffects of tSMS on a M1 previously stimulated with cTBS. The interaction effect of two inhibitory protocols on cortical excitability was tested on healthy volunteers (n = 20), in two different sessions. A first application cTBS was followed by real-tSMS in one session, or sham-tSMS in the other session. When intracortical inhibition was tested with paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation, LICI (ie., long intracortical inhibition) increased, although the unconditioned motor-evoked potential (MEP) remained stable. These effects were observed in the whole sample of participants regardless of the type of static magnetic field stimulation (real or sham) applied after cTBS. Subsequently, we defined a group of good-responders to cTBS (n = 9) on whom the unconditioned MEP amplitude reduced after cTBS and found that application of real-tSMS (subsequent to cTBS) increased the unconditioned MEP. This MEP increase was not found when sham-tSMS followed cTBS. The interaction of tSMS with cTBS seems not to take place at inhibitory cortical interneurons tested by LICI, since LICI was not differently affected after real and sham tSMS. Our results indicate the existence of a process of homeostatic plasticity when tSMS is applied after cTBS. This work suggests that tSMS aftereffects arise at the synaptic level and supports further investigation into tSMS as a useful tool to restore pathological conditions with altered cortical excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Arias
- Universidade da Coruña, NEUROcom (Neuroscience and Motor Control Group) and CICA-Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medicine and Physiotherapy-INEF Galicia, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Lucía Adán-Arcay
- Universidade da Coruña, NEUROcom (Neuroscience and Motor Control Group) and CICA-Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medicine and Physiotherapy-INEF Galicia, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Elena Madinabeitia-Mancebo
- Universidade da Coruña, NEUROcom (Neuroscience and Motor Control Group) and CICA-Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medicine and Physiotherapy-INEF Galicia, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Javier Cudeiro
- Universidade da Coruña, NEUROcom (Neuroscience and Motor Control Group) and CICA-Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medicine and Physiotherapy-INEF Galicia, A Coruña, Spain; Centro de Estimulación Cerebral de Galicia, A Coruña, Spain
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Zhang P, Yan J, Wei J, Li Y, Sun C. Disrupted synaptic homeostasis and partial occlusion of associative long-term potentiation in the human cortex during social isolation. J Affect Disord 2024; 344:207-218. [PMID: 37832738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Social isolation often occurs in the military mission of soldiers but has increased in the general population since the COVID-19 epidemic. Overall synaptic homeostasis along with associative plasticity for the activity-dependent refinement of transmission across single synapses represent basic neural network function and adaptive behavior mechanisms. Here, we use electrophysiological and behavioral indices to non-invasively study the net synaptic strength and long-term potentiation (LTP)-like plasticity of humans in social isolation environments. The theta activity of electroencephalography (EEG) signals and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) intensity to elicit a predefined amplitude of motor-evoked potential (MEP) demonstrate the disrupted synaptic homeostasis in the human cortex during social isolation. Furthermore, the induced MEP change by paired associative stimulation (PAS) demonstrates the partial occlusion of LTP-like plasticity, further behavior performances in a word-pair task are also identified as a potential index. Our study indicates that social isolation disrupts synaptic homeostasis and occludes associative LTP-like plasticity in the human cortex, decreasing behavior performance related to declarative memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- School of Psychology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Juan Yan
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Jiao Wei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Neurosurgery, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Yane Li
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Chuancai Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Nephrology, Jinan 250013, China.
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Goldenkoff ER, Deluisi JA, Destiny DP, Lee TG, Michon KJ, Brissenden JA, Taylor SF, Polk TA, Vesia M. The behavioral and neural effects of parietal theta burst stimulation on the grasp network are stronger during a grasping task than at rest. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1198222. [PMID: 37954875 PMCID: PMC10637360 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1198222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is widely used in neuroscience and clinical settings to modulate human cortical activity. The effects of TMS on neural activity depend on the excitability of specific neural populations at the time of stimulation. Accordingly, the brain state at the time of stimulation may influence the persistent effects of repetitive TMS on distal brain activity and associated behaviors. We applied intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) to a region in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) associated with grasp control to evaluate the interaction between stimulation and brain state. Across two experiments, we demonstrate the immediate responses of motor cortex activity and motor performance to state-dependent parietal stimulation. We randomly assigned 72 healthy adult participants to one of three TMS intervention groups, followed by electrophysiological measures with TMS and behavioral measures. Participants in the first group received iTBS to PPC while performing a grasping task concurrently. Participants in the second group received iTBS to PPC while in a task-free, resting state. A third group of participants received iTBS to a parietal region outside the cortical grasping network while performing a grasping task concurrently. We compared changes in motor cortical excitability and motor performance in the three stimulation groups within an hour of each intervention. We found that parietal stimulation during a behavioral manipulation that activates the cortical grasping network increased downstream motor cortical excitability and improved motor performance relative to stimulation during rest. We conclude that constraining the brain state with a behavioral task during brain stimulation has the potential to optimize plasticity induction in cortical circuit mechanisms that mediate movement processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph A. Deluisi
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Danielle P. Destiny
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Taraz G. Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Katherine J. Michon
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - James A. Brissenden
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Stephan F. Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Thad A. Polk
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Michael Vesia
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Cheng M, Che X, Ye Y, He C, Yu L, Lv Y, Fitzgerald PB, Cash RFH, Fitzgibbon BM. Analgesic efficacy of theta-burst stimulation for postoperative pain. Clin Neurophysiol 2023; 149:81-87. [PMID: 36933324 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.02.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may be a relevant method to assist postoperative pain. However, studies to date have only used conventional 10 Hz rTMS and targeted the DLPFC for postoperative pain. A more recent form of rTMS, termed intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation (iTBS), enables to increase cortical excitability in a short period of time. This preliminary double-blind, randomised, sham controlled study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of iTBS in postoperative care across two distinct stimulation targets. METHODS A group of 45 patients post laparoscopic surgery were randomised to receive a single session of iTBS over either the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), primary motor cortex (M1), or Sham stimulation (1:1:1 ratio). Outcome measurements were number of pump attempts, total anaesthetic volume used, and self-rated pain experience, assessed at 1 hour, 6 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours post stimulation. All randomised patients were analysed (n = 15 in each group). RESULTS Compared to Sham stimulation, DLPFC-iTBS reduced pump attempts at 6 (DLPFC = 0.73 ± 0.88, Sham = 2.36 ± 1.65, P = 0.031), 24 (DLPFC = 1.40 ± 1.24, Sham = 5.03 ± 3.87, P = 0.008), and 48 (DLPFC = 1.47 ± 1.41, Sham = 5.87 ± 4.34, P = 0.014) hours post-surgery, whereby M1 stimulation had no effect. No group effect was observed on total anaesthetics, which was mainly provided through the continuous administration of opioids at a set speed for each group. There was also no group or interaction effect on pain ratings. Pump attempts were positively associated with pain ratings in the DLPFC (r = 0.59, P = 0.02) and M1 (r = 0.56, P = 0.03) stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that iTBS to the DLPFC reduces pump attempts for additional anaesthetics following a laparoscopic surgery. However, reduced pump attempts by DLPFC stimulation did not translate into a significantly smaller volume of total anaesthetic, due to the continuous administration of opioids at a set speed for each group. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings therefore provide preliminary evidence for iTBS targeting the DLPFC to be used to improve postoperative pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Cheng
- Anaesthesiologic Department, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianwei Che
- Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China; Institutes of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yang Ye
- Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China; Institutes of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changlin He
- Anaesthesiologic Department, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of Pain, the Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yating Lv
- Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China; Institutes of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Paul B Fitzgerald
- School of Medicine and Psychology, The Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Robin F H Cash
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bernadette M Fitzgibbon
- School of Medicine and Psychology, The Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; Monarch Research Institute, Monarch Mental Health Group, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Farrand A, Jacquemet V, Verner R, Owens M, Beaumont E. Vagus nerve stimulation parameters evoke differential neuronal responses in the locus coeruleus. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15633. [PMID: 36905173 PMCID: PMC10006695 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is used to treat drug-resistant epilepsy and depression, with additional applications under investigation. The noradrenergic center locus coeruleus (LC) is vital for VNS effects; however, the impact of varying stimulation parameters on LC activation is poorly understood. This study characterized LC activation across VNS parameters. Extracellular activity was recorded in rats' left LC while 11 VNS paradigms, utilizing variable frequencies and bursting characteristics, were pseudorandomly delivered to the left cervical vagus for five cycles. Neurons' change from baseline firing rate and timing response profiles were assessed. The proportion of neurons categorized as responders over 5 VNS cycles doubled in comparison to the first VNS cycle (p < 0.001) for all VNS paradigms, demonstrating an amplification effect. The percentage of positively consistent/positive responders increased for standard VNS paradigms with frequencies ≥10 Hz and for bursting paradigms with shorter interburst intervals and more pulses per burst. The synchrony between pairs of LC neurons increased during bursting VNS but not standard paradigms. Also, the probability of evoking a direct response during bursting VNS was higher with longer interburst intervals and a higher number of pulses per burst. Standard paradigms between 10-30 Hz best positively activates LC with consistency to VNS while the best bursting paradigm to increase activity was 300 Hz, seven pulses per burst separated by 1 s. Bursting VNS was effective in increasing synchrony between pairs of neurons, suggesting a common network recruitment originating from vagal afferents. These results indicate differential activation of LC neurons depending on the VNS parameters delivered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Farrand
- Department of Biomedical SciencesQuillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State UniversityJohnson CityTennesseeUSA
| | - Vincent Jacquemet
- Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyInstitute of Biomedical Engineering, University of MontrealMontrealQuebecCanada
- Research CenterSacred Heart Hospital of MontrealMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Ryan Verner
- Neuromodulation DivisionLivaNova PLCHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Misty Owens
- Department of Biomedical SciencesQuillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State UniversityJohnson CityTennesseeUSA
| | - Eric Beaumont
- Department of Biomedical SciencesQuillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State UniversityJohnson CityTennesseeUSA
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Luo X, Che X, Li H. Concurrent TMS-EEG and EEG reveal neuroplastic and oscillatory changes associated with self-compassion and negative emotions. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2023; 23:100343. [PMID: 36299492 PMCID: PMC9577271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective Self-compassion has a consensual relevance for overall mental health, but its mechanisms remain unknown. Using intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) and concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation-electroencephalography (TMS-EEG), this study investigated the causal relationship of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) with self-compassion and explored the changes in neuroplasticity and neural dynamics. Method Thirty-two healthy participants received iTBS or sham stimulation over the DLPFC, before and after which they were instructed to either use self-compassionate strategies or to be rejected in the context of social rejection and to report the level of self-compassion or negative affect. TMS-evoked potentials were evaluated as novel neuroplastic techniques with N45, P60, N100, and P180. Results iTBS uniquely decreased P180 amplitude measured with TMS-EEG whereby sham stimulation had no effect on neuroplasticity. In line with neuroplasticity changes, iTBS enhanced a widespread gamma band power and coherence, which correlated consistently with increased engagement in self-compassion. Meanwhile, iTBS demonstrated opposite effects on theta activity dependent on the social contexts whereby self-compassion decreased and social rejection enhanced it respectively. This unique effect of iTBS on theta activity was also supplemented by the enhancement of theta band coherence following iTBS. Conclusions We found a causal relationship between DLPFC and self-compassion. We also provide evidence to indicate widespread gamma activity and connectivity to correlate with self-compassion as well as the critical role of the DLPFC in modulating theta activity and negative emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Luo
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China,Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, Ministry of Education; Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science; School of Psychology, South China Normal University
| | - Xianwei Che
- Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China,TMS Centre, Deqing Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China,Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, Ministry of Education; Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science; School of Psychology, South China Normal University,Institute for Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Corresponding author.
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Jannati A, Oberman LM, Rotenberg A, Pascual-Leone A. Assessing the mechanisms of brain plasticity by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:191-208. [PMID: 36198876 PMCID: PMC9700722 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01453-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive technique for focal brain stimulation based on electromagnetic induction where a fluctuating magnetic field induces a small intracranial electric current in the brain. For more than 35 years, TMS has shown promise in the diagnosis and treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders in adults. In this review, we provide a brief introduction to the TMS technique with a focus on repetitive TMS (rTMS) protocols, particularly theta-burst stimulation (TBS), and relevant rTMS-derived metrics of brain plasticity. We then discuss the TMS-EEG technique, the use of neuronavigation in TMS, the neural substrate of TBS measures of plasticity, the inter- and intraindividual variability of those measures, effects of age and genetic factors on TBS aftereffects, and then summarize alterations of TMS-TBS measures of plasticity in major neurological and psychiatric disorders including autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, depression, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, and diabetes. Finally, we discuss the translational studies of TMS-TBS measures of plasticity and their therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jannati
- Neuromodulation Program, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Lindsay M Oberman
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexander Rotenberg
- Neuromodulation Program, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research and Deanna and Sidney Wolk Center for Memory Health, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA.
- Guttmann Brain Health Institute, Institut Guttmann, Barcelona, Spain.
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Evidence of Neuroplastic Changes after Transcranial Magnetic, Electric, and Deep Brain Stimulation. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12070929. [PMID: 35884734 PMCID: PMC9313265 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12070929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Electric and magnetic stimulation of the human brain can be used to excite or inhibit neurons. Numerous methods have been designed over the years for this purpose with various advantages and disadvantages that are the topic of this review. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is the most direct and focal application of electric impulses to brain tissue. Electrodes are placed in the brain in order to modulate neural activity and to correct parameters of pathological oscillation in brain circuits such as their amplitude or frequency. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive alternative with the stimulator generating a magnetic field in a coil over the scalp that induces an electric field in the brain which, in turn, interacts with ongoing brain activity. Depending upon stimulation parameters, excitation and inhibition can be achieved. Transcranial electric stimulation (tES) applies electric fields to the scalp that spread along the skull in order to reach the brain, thus, limiting current strength to avoid skin sensations and cranial muscle pain. Therefore, tES can only modulate brain activity and is considered subthreshold, i.e., it does not directly elicit neuronal action potentials. In this review, we collect hints for neuroplastic changes such as modulation of behavior, the electric activity of the brain, or the evolution of clinical signs and symptoms in response to stimulation. Possible mechanisms are discussed, and future paradigms are suggested.
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Depotentiation of associative plasticity is intact in Parkinson's disease with mild dyskinesia. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2022; 99:16-22. [PMID: 35569298 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2022.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depotentiation of homosynaptic plasticity of the primary motor cortex (M1) is impaired in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) who have developed dyskinesias. In this exploratory study, we tested whether this holds true for heterosynaptic plasticity induced by paired associative stimulation (PAS). METHODS Dyskinetic (n=11) and Non-dyskinetic (n=11), levodopa-treated PD patients were tested in M1 with PAS25ms alone, PAS25ms preceded by continuous theta-burst stimulation of the cerebellum (cTBSCB-PAS) as a method to evoke a larger plastic response in M1, and each of these two interventions followed by a depotentiation protocol (cTBS150pulses) to M1. RESULTS PAS25ms and cTBSCB-PAS25ms induced long-term potentiation (LTP)-like responses in both groups of PD patients, with cTBSCB significantly boosting the plastic response. Both these LTP-like responses could be depotentiated by cTBS150, in both groups of patients. CONCLUSIONS Cerebellar stimulation enhances heterosynaptic plasticity in PD irrespective of dyskinesias. Depotentiation mechanisms of heterosynaptic plasticity are preserved in PD patients, including those with dyskinesias. The lack of depotentiation of LTP-like plasticity as a hallmark of dyskinesia in PD patients is not absolute. The ability to depotentiate LTP-like plasticity may potentially depend on the type of plasticity induced (homosynaptic or heterosynaptic), the circuits involved in these responses and the adequacy of dopaminergic stimulation.
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Cao N, Sasaki A, Yuasa A, Popovic MR, Milosevic M, Nakazawa K. Short-term facilitation effects elicited by cortical priming through theta burst stimulation and functional electrical stimulation of upper-limb muscles. Exp Brain Res 2022; 240:1565-1578. [PMID: 35359173 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06353-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Non-invasive theta burst stimulation (TBS) can elicit facilitatory or inhibitory changes in the central nervous system when applied intermittently (iTBS) or continuously (cTBS). Conversely, neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) can activate the muscles to send a sensory volley, which is also known to affect the excitability of the central nervous system. We investigated whether cortical iTBS (facilitatory) or cTBS (inhibitory) priming can affect subsequent NMES-induced corticospinal excitability. A total of six interventions were tested, each with 11 able-bodied participants: cortical priming followed by NMES (iTBS + NMES and cTBS + NMES), NMES only (iTBSsham + NMES and cTBSsham + NMES), and cortical priming only (iTBS + rest and cTBS + rest). After iTBS or cTBS priming, NMES was used to activate right extensor capri radialis (ECR) muscle intermittently for 10 min (5 s ON/5 s OFF). Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and maximum motor response (Mmax) elicited by radial nerve stimulation were compared before and after each intervention for 30 min. Our results showed that associative facilitatory iTBS + NMES intervention elicited greater MEP facilitation that lasted for at least 30 min after the intervention, while none of the interventions alone were effective to produce effects. We conclude that facilitatory iTBS priming can make the central nervous system more susceptible to changes elicited by NMES through sensory recruitment to enhance facilitation of corticospinal plasticity, while cTBS inhibitory priming efficacy could not be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Cao
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sasaki
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan
| | - Akiko Yuasa
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine I, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Milos R Popovic
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada.,KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, 520 Sutherland Drive, Toronto, ON, M4G 3V9, Canada.,CRANIA, University Health Network and University of Toronto, 550 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2A2, Canada
| | - Matija Milosevic
- Department of Mechanical Science and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, 560-8531, Japan.
| | - Kimitaka Nakazawa
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
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11
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Chatterjee O, Gopalakrishnan L, Mol P, Advani J, Nair B, Shankar SK, Mahadevan A, Prasad TSK. The Normal Human Adult Hypothalamus Proteomic Landscape: Rise of Neuroproteomics in Biological Psychiatry and Systems Biology. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2021; 25:693-710. [PMID: 34714154 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2021.0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The human hypothalamus is central to the regulation of neuroendocrine and neurovegetative systems, as well as modulation of chronobiology and behavioral aspects in human health and disease. Surprisingly, a deep proteomic analysis of the normal human hypothalamic proteome has been missing for such an important organ so far. In this study, we delineated the human hypothalamus proteome using a high-resolution mass spectrometry approach which resulted in the identification of 5349 proteins, while a multiple post-translational modification (PTM) search identified 191 additional proteins, which were missed in the first search. A proteogenomic analysis resulted in the discovery of multiple novel protein-coding regions as we identified proteins from noncoding regions (pseudogenes) and proteins translated from short open reading frames that can be missed using the traditional pipeline of prediction of protein-coding genes as a part of genome annotation. We also identified several PTMs of hypothalamic proteins that may be required for normal hypothalamic functions. Moreover, we observed an enrichment of proteins pertaining to autophagy and adult neurogenesis in the proteome data. We believe that the hypothalamic proteome reported herein would help to decipher the molecular basis for the diverse range of physiological functions attributed to it, as well as its role in neurological and psychiatric diseases. Extensive proteomic profiling of the hypothalamic nuclei would further elaborate on the role and functional characterization of several hypothalamus-specific proteins and pathways to inform future research and clinical discoveries in biological psychiatry, neurology, and system biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oishi Chatterjee
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore India.,Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Kollam, India.,Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Lathika Gopalakrishnan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore India.,Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Praseeda Mol
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore India.,Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Kollam, India
| | | | - Bipin Nair
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Kollam, India
| | - Susarla Krishna Shankar
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.,Human Brain Tissue Repository, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Anita Mahadevan
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.,Human Brain Tissue Repository, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
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12
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Di Lazzaro V, Bella R, Benussi A, Bologna M, Borroni B, Capone F, Chen KHS, Chen R, Chistyakov AV, Classen J, Kiernan MC, Koch G, Lanza G, Lefaucheur JP, Matsumoto H, Nguyen JP, Orth M, Pascual-Leone A, Rektorova I, Simko P, Taylor JP, Tremblay S, Ugawa Y, Dubbioso R, Ranieri F. Diagnostic contribution and therapeutic perspectives of transcranial magnetic stimulation in dementia. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:2568-2607. [PMID: 34482205 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a powerful tool to probe in vivo brain circuits, as it allows to assess several cortical properties such asexcitability, plasticity and connectivity in humans. In the last 20 years, TMS has been applied to patients with dementia, enabling the identification of potential markers of thepathophysiology and predictors of cognitive decline; moreover, applied repetitively, TMS holds promise as a potential therapeutic intervention. The objective of this paper is to present a comprehensive review of studies that have employed TMS in dementia and to discuss potential clinical applications, from the diagnosis to the treatment. To provide a technical and theoretical framework, we first present an overview of the basic physiological mechanisms of the application of TMS to assess cortical excitability, excitation and inhibition balance, mechanisms of plasticity and cortico-cortical connectivity in the human brain. We then review the insights gained by TMS techniques into the pathophysiology and predictors of progression and response to treatment in dementias, including Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related dementias and secondary dementias. We show that while a single TMS measure offers low specificity, the use of a panel of measures and/or neurophysiological index can support the clinical diagnosis and predict progression. In the last part of the article, we discuss the therapeutic uses of TMS. So far, only repetitive TMS (rTMS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and multisite rTMS associated with cognitive training have been shown to be, respectively, possibly (Level C of evidence) and probably (Level B of evidence) effective to improve cognition, apathy, memory, and language in AD patients, especially at a mild/early stage of the disease. The clinical use of this type of treatment warrants the combination of brain imaging techniques and/or electrophysiological tools to elucidate neurobiological effects of neurostimulation and to optimally tailor rTMS treatment protocols in individual patients or specific patient subgroups with dementia or mild cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Di Lazzaro
- Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy.
| | - Rita Bella
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, Section of Neurosciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alberto Benussi
- Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Matteo Bologna
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Fioravante Capone
- Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Kai-Hsiang S Chen
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Robert Chen
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Division of Brain, Imaging& Behaviour, Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Joseph Classen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig University Medical Center, Germany
| | - Matthew C Kiernan
- Department of Neurology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Giacomo Koch
- Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit/Department of Behavioral and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lanza
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Department of Neurology IC, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | - Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur
- ENT Team, EA4391, Faculty of Medicine, Paris Est Créteil University, Créteil, France; Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France
| | | | - Jean-Paul Nguyen
- Pain Center, clinique Bretéché, groupe ELSAN, Multidisciplinary Pain, Palliative and Supportive care Center, UIC 22/CAT2 and Laboratoire de Thérapeutique (EA3826), University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Michael Orth
- University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Swiss Huntington's Disease Centre, Siloah, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Center for Memory Health, Hebrew SeniorLife, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Guttmann Brain Health Institute, Universitat Autonoma Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irena Rektorova
- Applied Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University (CEITEC MU), Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Patrik Simko
- Applied Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University (CEITEC MU), Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - John-Paul Taylor
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sara Tremblay
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada; Royal Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Yoshikazu Ugawa
- Department of Human Neurophysiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Raffaele Dubbioso
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Federico Ranieri
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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13
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Cash RFH, Udupa K, Gunraj CA, Mazzella F, Daskalakis ZJ, Wong AHC, Kennedy JL, Chen R. Influence of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on excitatory-inhibitory balance and plasticity in human motor cortex. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:2827-2839. [PMID: 34592560 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While previous studies showed that the single nucleotide polymorphism (Val66Met) of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) can impact neuroplasticity, the influence of BDNF genotype on cortical circuitry and relationship to neuroplasticity remain relatively unexplored in human. METHODS Using individualised transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) parameters, we explored the influence of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on excitatory and inhibitory neural circuitry, its relation to I-wave TMS (ITMS) plasticity and effect on the excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance in 18 healthy individuals. RESULTS Excitatory and inhibitory indexes of neurotransmission were reduced in Met allele carriers. An E/I balance was evident, which was influenced by BDNF with higher E/I ratios in Val/Val homozygotes. Both long-term potentiation (LTP-) and depression (LTD-) like ITMS plasticity were greater in Val/Val homozygotes. LTP- but not LTD-like effects were restored in Met allele carriers by increasing stimulus intensity to compensate for reduced excitatory transmission. CONCLUSIONS The influence of BDNF genotype may extend beyond neuroplasticity to neurotransmission. The E/I balance was evident in human motor cortex, modulated by BDNF and measurable using TMS. Given the limited sample, these preliminary findings warrant further investigation. SIGNIFICANCE These novel findings suggest a broader role of BDNF genotype on neurocircuitry in human motor cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F H Cash
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - K Udupa
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dept of Neurophysiology, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, India
| | - C A Gunraj
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - F Mazzella
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Z J Daskalakis
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego Health, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - A H C Wong
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J L Kennedy
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Chen
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Kishore A, James P, Popa T, Thejaus A, Rajeswari P, Sarma G, Krishnan S, Meunier S. Plastic responsiveness of motor cortex to paired associative stimulation depends on cerebellar input. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:2493-2502. [PMID: 34454278 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The extent of plastic responses of motor cortex (M1) to paired associative stimulation (PAS) varies among healthy subjects. Continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) of cerebellum enhances the mean PAS-induced plasticity in groups of healthy subjects. We tested whether the initial status of Responder or Non -Responder to PAS, influenced the effect of cerebellar stimulation on PAS-induced plasticity. METHODS We assessed in 19 young healthy volunteers (8 Responders, 11 Non-Responders to PAS), how cTBS and iTBS (intermittent TBS) applied to the cerebellum before a PAS protocol influenced the plastic responsiveness of M1 to PAS. We tested whether the PAS-induced plastic effects could be depotentiated by a short cTBS protocol applied to M1 shortly after PAS and whether cerebellar stimulation influenced GABA-ergic intracortical inhibition and M1 plasticity in parallel. RESULTS Cerebellar cTBS restored the M1 response to PAS in Non-Responders while cerebellar iTBS turned the potentiating response to PAS to a depressive response in both groups. The depotentiation protocol abolished both responses. CONCLUSION Non-Responder status to PAS is a state of M1 amenable to bidirectional plastic modulation when primed by a change in cerebello-thalamic drive. SIGNIFICANCE The meaning of lack of responsiveness to certain protocols probing plasticity should be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Kishore
- Comprehensive Care Centre for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Kerala, India.
| | - Praveen James
- Comprehensive Care Centre for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Kerala, India
| | - Traian Popa
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics (CNP) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics (CNP) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL Valais), Clinique Romande de Réadaptation, 1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Arun Thejaus
- Comprehensive Care Centre for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Kerala, India
| | - Parvathy Rajeswari
- Comprehensive Care Centre for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Kerala, India
| | - Gangadhara Sarma
- Comprehensive Care Centre for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Kerala, India
| | - Syam Krishnan
- Comprehensive Care Centre for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Kerala, India
| | - Sabine Meunier
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMRS 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelleépinière, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France
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15
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Wittkopf PG, Larsen DB, Graven-Nielsen T. Protocols for inducing homeostatic plasticity reflected in the corticospinal excitability in healthy human participants: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:5444-5461. [PMID: 34251703 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Homeostatic plasticity complements synaptic plasticity by stabilising neural activity within a physiological range. In humans, homeostatic plasticity is investigated using two blocks of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) with an interval without stimulation between blocks. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effect of homeostatic plasticity induction protocols on motor evoked potentials (MEP) in healthy participants. Four databases were searched (Medline, Scopus, Embase and Cochrane library). Studies describing the application of two blocks of NIBS of the primary motor cortex with an interval of no stimulation between blocks reporting changes in corticospinal excitability by MEP amplitude were included. Thirty-seven reports with 55 experiments (700 participants) were included. Study quality was considered poor overall, with heterogeneity in study size, sample and designs. Two blocks of excitatory stimulation at the primary motor cortex produced a homeostatic response (decreased MEP) between 0 and 30 min post-protocols, when compared with a single stimulation block. Two blocks of inhibitory stimulation at the primary motor cortex using interval duration of 10 min or less produced a homeostatic response (increased MEP) between 0 and 30 min post-protocols, when compared with a single stimulation block. There were no differences in MEPs when compared with baseline MEPs. In conclusion, homeostatic plasticity induction using two blocks of NIBS with an interval of 10 min or less without stimulation between blocks produces a homeostatic response up to 30 min post-protocol. Improvements in participant selection, sample sizes and protocols of NIBS techniques are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla G Wittkopf
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Dennis B Larsen
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Thomas Graven-Nielsen
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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16
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Kumaria A, Basu S, Tolias CM. Vagus nerve stimulation in ischaemic stroke: further possibilities. Br J Neurosurg 2021; 36:425-426. [PMID: 34281451 DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2021.1950633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Kumaria
- Department of Neurosurgery, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Surajit Basu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.,School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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17
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Dawson J, Liu CY, Francisco GE, Cramer SC, Wolf SL, Dixit A, Alexander J, Ali R, Brown BL, Feng W, DeMark L, Hochberg LR, Kautz SA, Majid A, O'Dell MW, Pierce D, Prudente CN, Redgrave J, Turner DL, Engineer ND, Kimberley TJ. Vagus nerve stimulation paired with rehabilitation for upper limb motor function after ischaemic stroke (VNS-REHAB): a randomised, blinded, pivotal, device trial. Lancet 2021; 397:1545-1553. [PMID: 33894832 PMCID: PMC8862193 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00475-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term loss of arm function after ischaemic stroke is common and might be improved by vagus nerve stimulation paired with rehabilitation. We aimed to determine whether this strategy is a safe and effective treatment for improving arm function after stroke. METHODS In this pivotal, randomised, triple-blind, sham-controlled trial, done in 19 stroke rehabilitation services in the UK and the USA, participants with moderate-to-severe arm weakness, at least 9 months after ischaemic stroke, were randomly assigned (1:1) to either rehabilitation paired with active vagus nerve stimulation (VNS group) or rehabilitation paired with sham stimulation (control group). Randomisation was done by ResearchPoint Global (Austin, TX, USA) using SAS PROC PLAN (SAS Institute Software, Cary, NC, USA), with stratification by region (USA vs UK), age (≤30 years vs >30 years), and baseline Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) score (20-35 vs 36-50). Participants, outcomes assessors, and treating therapists were masked to group assignment. All participants were implanted with a vagus nerve stimulation device. The VNS group received 0·8 mA, 100 μs, 30 Hz stimulation pulses, lasting 0·5 s. The control group received 0 mA pulses. Participants received 6 weeks of in-clinic therapy (three times per week; total of 18 sessions) followed by a home exercise programme. The primary outcome was the change in impairment measured by the FMA-UE score on the first day after completion of in-clinic therapy. FMA-UE response rates were also assessed at 90 days after in-clinic therapy (secondary endpoint). All analyses were by intention to treat. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03131960. FINDINGS Between Oct 2, 2017, and Sept 12, 2019, 108 participants were randomly assigned to treatment (53 to the VNS group and 55 to the control group). 106 completed the study (one patient for each group did not complete the study). On the first day after completion of in-clinic therapy, the mean FMA-UE score increased by 5·0 points (SD 4·4) in the VNS group and by 2·4 points (3·8) in the control group (between group difference 2·6, 95% CI 1·0-4·2, p=0·0014). 90 days after in-clinic therapy, a clinically meaningful response on the FMA-UE score was achieved in 23 (47%) of 53 patients in the VNS group versus 13 (24%) of 55 patients in the control group (between group difference 24%, 6-41; p=0·0098). There was one serious adverse event related to surgery (vocal cord paresis) in the control group. INTERPRETATION Vagus nerve stimulation paired with rehabilitation is a novel potential treatment option for people with long-term moderate-to-severe arm impairment after ischaemic stroke. FUNDING MicroTransponder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Dawson
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Charles Y Liu
- USC Neurorestoration Center and Department of Neurological Surgery, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA, USA
| | - Gerard E Francisco
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The University of Texas Health Science Center McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA; The Institute for Rehabilitation and Research (TIRR) Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Steven C Cramer
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; California Rehabilitation Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven L Wolf
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Division of Physical Therapy, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anand Dixit
- Stroke Service, The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
| | - Jen Alexander
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rushna Ali
- Department of Neurosciences, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Benjamin L Brown
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ochsner Neuroscience Institute, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Wuwei Feng
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Leigh R Hochberg
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; School of Engineering and Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Steven A Kautz
- Ralph H Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Health Sciences and Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Arshad Majid
- Sheffield Institute for Neurological Sciences (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Sheffield Teaching Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Michael W O'Dell
- Clinical Rehabilitation Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Jessica Redgrave
- Sheffield Institute for Neurological Sciences (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Duncan L Turner
- School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, London, UK
| | | | - Teresa J Kimberley
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Physical Therapy, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, USA
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18
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Berns C, Brüchle W, Scho S, Schneefeld J, Schneider U, Rosenkranz K. Intensity dependent effect of cognitive training on motor cortical plasticity and cognitive performance in humans. Exp Brain Res 2020; 238:2805-2818. [PMID: 33025030 PMCID: PMC7644474 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05933-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Intervention-induced neuroplastic changes within the motor or cognitive system have been shown in the human brain. While cognitive and motor brain areas are densely interconnected, it is unclear whether this interconnectivity allows for a shared susceptibility to neuroplastic changes. Using the preparation for a theoretical exam as training intervention that primarily engages the cognitive system, we tested the hypothesis whether neuroplasticity acts across interconnected brain areas by investigating the effect on excitability and synaptic plasticity in the motor cortex. 39 healthy students (23 female) underwent 4 weeks of cognitive training while revision time, physical activity, concentration, fatigue, sleep quality and stress were monitored. Before and after cognitive training, cognitive performance was evaluated, as well as motor excitability using transcranial magnetic stimulation and long-term-potentiation-like (LTP-like) plasticity using paired-associative-stimulation (PAS). Cognitive training ranged individually from 1 to 7 h/day and enhanced attention and verbal working memory. While motor excitability did not change, LTP-like plasticity increased in an intensity-depending manner: the longer the daily revision time, the smaller the increase of neuroplasticity, and vice versa. This effect was not influenced by physical activity, concentration, fatigue, sleep quality or stress. Motor cortical plasticity is strengthened by a behavioural intervention that primarily engages cognitive brain areas. We suggest that this effect is due to an enhanced susceptibility to LTP-like plasticity, probably induced by heterosynaptic activity that modulates postsynaptic excitability in motorcortical neurones. The smaller increase of PAS efficiency with higher cognitive training intensity suggests a mechanism that balances and stabilises the susceptibility for synaptic potentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Berns
- Ruhr- University of Bochum, Medical Faculty, University Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus East-Westphalia, Virchowstraße 65, 32312, Luebbecke, Germany
| | - Wanja Brüchle
- Ruhr- University of Bochum, Medical Faculty, University Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus East-Westphalia, Virchowstraße 65, 32312, Luebbecke, Germany
| | - Sebastian Scho
- Ruhr- University of Bochum, Medical Faculty, University Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus East-Westphalia, Virchowstraße 65, 32312, Luebbecke, Germany
| | - Jessica Schneefeld
- Ruhr- University of Bochum, Medical Faculty, University Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus East-Westphalia, Virchowstraße 65, 32312, Luebbecke, Germany
| | - Udo Schneider
- Ruhr- University of Bochum, Medical Faculty, University Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus East-Westphalia, Virchowstraße 65, 32312, Luebbecke, Germany
| | - Karin Rosenkranz
- Ruhr- University of Bochum, Medical Faculty, University Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus East-Westphalia, Virchowstraße 65, 32312, Luebbecke, Germany.
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19
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Meng HJ, Zhang LL, Luo SS, Cao N, Zhang J, Pi YL. Modulation of hand motor skill performance induced by motor practice combined with matched or mismatched hand posture motor imagery. Physiol Behav 2020; 225:113084. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Meng HJ, Cao N, Zhang J, Pi YL. Intermittent theta burst stimulation facilitates functional connectivity from the dorsal premotor cortex to primary motor cortex. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9253. [PMID: 32704437 PMCID: PMC7346859 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Motor information in the brain is transmitted from the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) to the primary motor cortex (M1), where it is further processed and relayed to the spinal cord to eventually generate muscle movement. However, how information from the PMd affects M1 processing and the final output is unclear. Here, we applied intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) to the PMd to alter cortical excitability not only at the application site but also at the PMd projection site of M1. We aimed to determine how PMd iTBS–altered information changed M1 processing and the corticospinal output. Methods In total, 16 young, healthy participants underwent PMd iTBS with 600 pulses (iTBS600) or sham-iTBS600. Corticospinal excitability, short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), and intracortical facilitation (ICF) were measured using transcranial magnetic stimulation before and up to 60 min after stimulation. Results Corticospinal excitability in M1 was significantly greater 15 min after PMd iTBS600 than that after sham-iTBS600 (p = 0.012). Compared with that after sham-iTBS600, at 0 (p = 0.014) and 15 (p = 0.037) min after iTBS600, SICI in M1 was significantly decreased, whereas 15 min after iTBS600, ICF in M1 was significantly increased (p = 0.033). Conclusion Our results suggested that projections from the PMd to M1 facilitated M1 corticospinal output and that this facilitation may be attributable in part to decreased intracortical inhibition and increased intracortical facilitation in M1. Such a facilitatory network may inform future understanding of the allocation of resources to achieve optimal motion output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jiang Meng
- School of Sports, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, China
| | - Na Cao
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Ling Pi
- Shanghai Punan Hosptial of Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
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21
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Farrand AQ, Verner RS, McGuire RM, Helke KL, Hinson VK, Boger HA. Differential effects of vagus nerve stimulation paradigms guide clinical development for Parkinson's disease. Brain Stimul 2020; 13:1323-1332. [PMID: 32629028 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2020.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) modifies brain rhythms in the locus coeruleus (LC) via the solitary nucleus. Degeneration of the LC in Parkinson's disease (PD) is an early catalyst of the spreading neurodegenerative process, suggesting that stimulating LC output with VNS has the potential to modify disease progression. We previously showed in a lesion PD model that VNS delivered twice daily reduced neuroinflammation and motor deficits, and attenuated tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cell loss. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to characterize the differential effects of three clinically-relevant VNS paradigms in a PD lesion model. METHODS Eleven days after DSP-4 (N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine, noradrenergic lesion, administered systemically)/6-OHDA (6-hydroxydopamine, dopaminergic lesion, administered intrastriatally) rats were implanted with VNS devices, and received either low-frequency VNS, standard-frequency VNS, or high-frequency microburst VNS. After 10 days of treatment and behavioral assessment, rats were euthanized, right prefrontal cortex (PFC) was dissected for norepinephrine assessment, and the left striatum, bilateral substantia nigra (SN), and LC were sectioned for immunohistochemical detection of catecholamine neurons, α-synuclein, astrocytes, and microglia. RESULTS At higher VNS frequencies, specifically microburst VNS, greater improvements occurred in motor function, attenuation of TH-positive cell loss in SN and LC, and norepinephrine concentration in the PFC. Additionally, higher VNS frequencies resulted in lower intrasomal α-synuclein accumulation and glial density in the SN. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that higher stimulation frequencies provided the greatest attenuation of behavioral and pathological markers in this PD model, indicating therapeutic potential for these VNS paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Q Farrand
- Department of Neuroscience and Center on Aging, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, BSB Suite 403, MSC 510, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Ryan S Verner
- Neuromodulation Division of LivaNova, PLC, 100 Cyberonics Blvd, Houston, TX, 77058, USA
| | - Ryan M McGuire
- Neuromodulation Division of LivaNova, PLC, 100 Cyberonics Blvd, Houston, TX, 77058, USA
| | - Kristi L Helke
- Department of Comparative Medicine, 114 Doughty St, STB 648, MSC 777; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 165 Ashley Ave, Children's Hospital 309, MSC 908, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Vanessa K Hinson
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas St, CSB 309, MSC 606, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Heather A Boger
- Department of Neuroscience and Center on Aging, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, BSB Suite 403, MSC 510, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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22
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Investigating the influence of paired-associative stimulation on multi-session skill acquisition and retention in older adults. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 131:1497-1507. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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23
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CAO N, MENG H, WANG Y, QIU F, TAN X, WU Y, ZHANG J. Functional role of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in procedural motor learning. ACTA PSYCHOLOGICA SINICA 2020. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1041.2020.00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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The dorsomedial prefrontal cortex as a flexible hub mediating behavioral as well as local and distributed neural effects of social support context on pain: A Theta Burst Stimulation and TMS-EEG study. Neuroimage 2019; 201:116053. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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25
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Meng HJ, Cao N, Lin YT, Liu K, Zhang J, Pi YL. Motor learning enhanced by combined motor imagery and noninvasive brain stimulation is associated with reduced short-interval intracortical inhibition. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01252. [PMID: 30884212 PMCID: PMC6456775 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motor imagery (MI) improves motor skill learning, which is further enhanced when MI is paired with primary motor cortex transcranial brain stimulation or with electrical stimulation of the peripheral median nerve. Applying both stimulation types (here with 25 ms intervals) is called paired associative stimulation (PAS25). The final primary motor cortex output is determined by combined excitatory and intracortical inhibitory circuits, and reducing the latter is associated with enhanced synaptic transmission and efficacy. Indeed, short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) inhibits motor evoked potentials (MEPs), and motor learning has been associated with decreased SICI and increased cortical excitability. Here, we investigated whether cortical excitability and SICI are altered by PAS25 applied after MI-induced modulation of motor learning. METHODS Peak acceleration of a hand-grasping movement and MEPs and SICI were measured before and after MI alone, PAS25 alone, and MI followed by PAS25 in 16 healthy participants to evaluate changes in motor learning, corticospinal excitability, and intracortical inhibition. RESULTS After PAS25 alone, MEP amplitude increased while peak acceleration was unchanged. However, PAS25 applied following MI not only significantly enhanced both peak acceleration (p = 0.011) and MEP amplitude (p = 0.004) but also decreased SICI (p = 0.011). Moreover, we found that this decrease in SICI was significantly correlated with both the peak acceleration (r = 0.49, p = 0.029) and the MEP amplitude (r = 0.56, p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that brain function altered by PAS25 of the motor cortex enhances MI-induced motor learning and corticospinal excitability and decreases SICI, suggesting that SICI underlies, at least in part, PAS25 modulation of motor learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jiang Meng
- School of Sports, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, China.,School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Cao
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Tong Lin
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Shanghai Punan Hospital of Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Ling Pi
- Shanghai Punan Hospital of Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
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26
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Cao N, Pi Y, Liu K, Meng H, Wang Y, Zhang J, Wu Y, Tan X. Inhibitory and facilitatory connections from dorsolateral prefrontal to primary motor cortex in healthy humans at rest-An rTMS study. Neurosci Lett 2018; 687:82-87. [PMID: 30243883 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human motor system consists of several divisions in the frontal lobes. The physiological function of projections from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) to the primary motor cortex (M1) remains elusive. Here, we introduce theta burst stimulation (TBS)-based protocols to target inhibitory and facilitatory connections in the DLPFC-M1 network. METHODS Intermittent and continuous TBS with 600 pulses (iTBS600/cTBS600) were applied to the left DLPFC. Resting motor threshold (RMT), motor-evoked potential (MEP), and short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) were measured with transcranial magnetic stimulation to the ipsilateral M1. RESULTS iTBS600 to the DLPFC decreased MEP amplitude in M1. Conversely, cTBS600 to the DLPFC increased MEP amplitude in M1. The peak decrease in MEP amplitude after iTBS600 was negatively correlated with the peak increase in MEP amplitude after cTBS600. There were no significant effects in the control group with the sham stimulation. DISCUSSION These results provide insight into the regulation of inhibitory and facilitatory balance from the local DLPFC to M1. TBS modulation in one brain region will induce interactions within other remote cortical areas. Our results enable better understanding of how cognitive resources are allocated to achieve optimal control of motor output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Cao
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanling Pi
- Shanghai Punan Hosptial of Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Shanghai Punan Hosptial of Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
| | - Haijiang Meng
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Wu
- School of Economics and Management, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Tan
- School of Physical Education and Coaching, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
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27
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Meng HJ, Pi YL, Liu K, Cao N, Wang YQ, Wu Y, Zhang J. Differences between motor execution and motor imagery of grasping movements in the motor cortical excitatory circuit. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5588. [PMID: 30186707 PMCID: PMC6118197 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Both motor imagery (MI) and motor execution (ME) can facilitate motor cortical excitability. Although cortical excitability is modulated by intracortical inhibitory and excitatory circuits in the human primary motor cortex, it is not clear which intracortical circuits determine the differences in corticospinal excitability between ME and MI. Methods We recruited 10 young healthy subjects aged 18-28 years (mean age: 22.1 ± 3.14 years; five women and five men) for this study. The experiment consisted of two sets of tasks involving grasp actions of the right hand: imagining and executing them. Corticospinal excitability and short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) were measured before the interventional protocol using transcranial magnetic stimulation (baseline), as well as at 0, 20, and 40 min (T0, T20, and T40) thereafter. Results Facilitation of corticospinal excitability was significantly greater after ME than after MI in the right abductor pollicis brevis (APB) at T0 and T20 (p < 0.01 for T0, and p < 0.05 for T20), but not in the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle. On the other hand, no significant differences in SICI between ME and MI were found in the APB and FDI muscles. The facilitation of corticospinal excitability at T20 after MI correlated with the Movement Imagery Questionnaire (MIQ) scores for kinesthetic items (Rho = -0.646, p = 0.044) but did not correlate with the MIQ scores for visual items (Rho = -0.265, p = 0.458). Discussion The present results revealed significant differences between ME and MI on intracortical excitatory circuits of the human motor cortex, suggesting that cortical excitability differences between ME and MI may be attributed to the activation differences of the excitatory circuits in the primary motor cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jiang Meng
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,School of Sports, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, China
| | - Yan-Ling Pi
- Shanghai Punan Hosptial of Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Shanghai Punan Hosptial of Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Cao
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Qiu Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Wu
- School of Economics and Management, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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28
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Huang YZ, Chen RS, Fong PY, Rothwell JC, Chuang WL, Weng YH, Lin WY, Lu CS. Inter-cortical modulation from premotor to motor plasticity. J Physiol 2018; 596:4207-4217. [PMID: 29888792 DOI: 10.1113/jp276276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Synaptic plasticity is involved in daily activities but abnormal plasticity may be deleterious. In this study, we found that motor plasticity could be modulated by suppressing the premotor cortex with the theta burst form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Such changes in motor plasticity were associated with reduced learning of a simple motor task. We postulate that the premotor cortex adjusts the amount of motor plasticity to modulate motor learning through heterosynaptic metaplasticity. The present results provide an insight into how the brain physiologically coordinates two different areas to bring them into a functional network, a concept that could be employed to intervene in diseases with abnormal plasticity. ABSTRACT Primary motor cortex (M1) plasticity is known to be influenced by the excitability and prior activation history of M1 itself. However, little is known about how its plasticity is influenced by other areas of the brain. In the present study on humans of either sex who were known to respond to theta burst stimulation from previous studies, we found plasticity of M1 could be modulated by suppressing the premotor cortex with the theta burst form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Motor plasticity was distorted and disappeared 30 min and 120 min, respectively, after premotor excitability was suppressed. Further evaluation revealed that such changes in motor plasticity were associated with impaired learning of a simple motor task. We postulate that the premotor cortex modulates the amount of plasticity within M1 through heterosynaptic metaplasticity, and that this may impact on learning of a simple motor task previously shown to be directly affected by M1 plasticity. The present results provide an insight into how the brain physiologically coordinates two different areas to bring them into a functional network. Furthermore, such concepts could be translated into therapeutic approaches for diseases with aberrant plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Zu Huang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Healthy Ageing Research Center, and Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan.,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Rou-Shayn Chen
- Neuroscience Research Center, Healthy Ageing Research Center, and Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Fong
- Neuroscience Research Center, Healthy Ageing Research Center, and Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
| | - John C Rothwell
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Wen-Li Chuang
- Department of Neurology, Cheng Ching Hospital, Taichung, 40764, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Weng
- Neuroscience Research Center, Healthy Ageing Research Center, and Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
| | - Wey-Yil Lin
- Department of Neurology, Landseed Hospital, Taoyuan, 32449, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Song Lu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Healthy Ageing Research Center, and Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
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29
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Magerl W, Hansen N, Treede RD, Klein T. The human pain system exhibits higher-order plasticity (metaplasticity). Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 154:112-120. [PMID: 29631001 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The human pain system can be bidirectionally modulated by high-frequency (HFS; 100 Hz) and low-frequency (LFS; 1 Hz) electrical stimulation of nociceptors leading to long-term potentiation or depression of pain perception (pain-LTP or pain-LTD). Here we show that priming a test site by very low-frequency stimulation (VLFS; 0.05 Hz) prevented pain-LTP probably by elevating the threshold (set point) for pain-LTP induction. Conversely, prior HFS-induced pain-LTP was substantially reversed by subsequent VLFS, suggesting that preceding HFS had primed the human nociceptive system for pain-LTD induction by VLFS. In contrast, the pain elicited by the pain-LTP-precipitating conditioning HFS stimulation remained unaffected. In aggregate these experiments demonstrate that the human pain system expresses two forms of higher-order plasticity (metaplasticity) acting in either direction along the pain-LTD to pain-LTP continuum with similar shifts in thresholds for LTD and LTP as in synaptic plasticity, indicating intriguing new mechanisms for the prevention of pain memory and the erasure of hyperalgesia related to an already established pain memory trace. There were no apparent gender differences in either pain-LTP or metaplasticity of pain-LTP. However, individual subjects appeared to present with an individual balance of pain-LTD to pain-LTP (a pain plasticity "fingerprint").
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Magerl
- Department of Neurophysiology, Center of Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karl-University Heidelberg, Ludolf Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Niels Hansen
- Department of Neurophysiology, Center of Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karl-University Heidelberg, Ludolf Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy & Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Rolf-Detlef Treede
- Department of Neurophysiology, Center of Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karl-University Heidelberg, Ludolf Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Klein
- Department of Neurophysiology, Center of Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karl-University Heidelberg, Ludolf Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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How different priming stimulations affect the corticospinal excitability induced by noninvasive brain stimulation techniques: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Neurosci 2018; 29:883-899. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques could induce changes in corticospinal excitability (CSE) and neuroplasticity. These changes could be affected by different factors, including having a session of stimulation called the ‘priming’ protocol before the main stimulation session called the ‘test’ protocol. Literature indicates that a priming protocol could affect the activity of postsynaptic neurons, form a neuronal history, and then modify the expected effects of the test protocol on CSE indicated by the amplitude of transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced motor-evoked potentials. This prior history affects a threshold to activate the necessary mechanism stabilizing the neuronal activity within a useful dynamic range. For studying the effects of this history and related metaplasticity mechanisms in the human primary motor cortex (M1), priming-test protocols are successfully employed. Thirty-two studies were included in this review to investigate how different priming protocols could affect the induced effects of a test protocol on CSE in healthy individuals. The results showed that if the history of synaptic activity were high or low enough to displace the threshold, the expected effects of the test protocol would be the reverse. This effect reversal is regulated by homeostatic mechanisms. On the contrary, the effects of the test protocol would not be the reverse, and at most we experience a prolongation of the lasting effects if the aforementioned history is not enough to displace the threshold. This effect prolongation is mediated by nonhomeostatic mechanisms. Therefore, based on the characteristics of priming-test protocols and the interval between them, the expected results of priming-test protocols would be different. Moreover, these findings could shed light on the different mechanisms of metaplasticity involved in NIBS. It helps us understand how we can improve the expected outcomes of these techniques in clinical approaches.
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31
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He W, Fong PY, Leung TWH, Huang YZ. Protocols of non-invasive brain stimulation for neuroplasticity induction. Neurosci Lett 2018; 719:133437. [PMID: 29476796 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has been widely applied in basic research and clinical intervention in the past few decades. It modulates cortical excitability through varies combinations of current form, stimulation position, strength, frequency, duration and intervals. In this review, protocols of different types of NIBS and their aftereffect are introduced. Moreover, evidences in physiology, pharmacology and behavior response are provided to support the effects of NIBS are plasticity-like effects because of their common mechanisms of synaptic plasticity. This is further confirmed by experiments on small animals at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia He
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Po-Yu Fong
- Neuroscience Research Center and Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Thomas Wai Hong Leung
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; Division of Neurology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ying-Zu Huang
- Neuroscience Research Center and Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.
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32
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Huang YZ, Lu MK, Antal A, Classen J, Nitsche M, Ziemann U, Ridding M, Hamada M, Ugawa Y, Jaberzadeh S, Suppa A, Paulus W, Rothwell J. Plasticity induced by non-invasive transcranial brain stimulation: A position paper. Clin Neurophysiol 2017; 128:2318-2329. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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33
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Suppa A, Quartarone A, Siebner H, Chen R, Di Lazzaro V, Del Giudice P, Paulus W, Rothwell J, Ziemann U, Classen J. The associative brain at work: Evidence from paired associative stimulation studies in humans. Clin Neurophysiol 2017; 128:2140-2164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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34
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Sidhu SK, Pourmajidian M, Opie GM, Semmler JG. Increasing motor cortex plasticity with spaced paired associative stimulation at different intervals in older adults. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 46:2674-2683. [PMID: 28965371 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The ability of priming non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) to modulate neuroplasticity induction (i.e. metaplasticity) within primary motor cortex (M1) may be altered in older adults. Previous studies in young subjects suggest that consecutive NIBS protocols interact in a time-dependent manner and involve homoeostatic metaplasticity mechanisms. This was investigated in older adults by assessing the response to consecutive blocks of paired-associative stimulation (PAS) separated by different inter-PAS intervals (IPIs). Fifteen older (62-82 years) subjects participated in four sessions, with each session involving two PAS blocks separated by IPIs of 10 (IPI10 ) or 30 (IPI30 ) mins. For each IPI, the first (priming) PAS block was either PASLTP (N20 latency + 2 ms) or PASLTD (N20 latency - 10 ms), while the second (test) PAS block was always PASLTP . Changes in M1 excitability were assessed by recording motor evoked potentials from a muscle of the right hand. For both IPIs, the response produced by PASLTD -primed PASLTP was significantly greater than the response produced by PASLTP -primed PASLTP . Furthermore, the effects of PASLTD priming on PASLTP were significantly greater for IPI30 . These findings suggest that priming PAS can increase plasticity induction in older adults, and this occurs through mechanisms involving homoeostatic metaplasticity. They also demonstrate that the timing between priming and test NIBS is a crucial determinant of this effect, with a 30-min interval being most effective. Providing a 30-min delay between priming NIBS and motor training may improve the efficacy of NIBS in augmenting motor performance and learning in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simranjit K Sidhu
- Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace Campus, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Maryam Pourmajidian
- Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace Campus, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - George M Opie
- Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace Campus, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - John G Semmler
- Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace Campus, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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Opie GM, Post AK, Ridding MC, Ziemann U, Semmler JG. Modulating motor cortical neuroplasticity with priming paired associative stimulation in young and old adults. Clin Neurophysiol 2017; 128:763-769. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Karabanov A, Ziemann U, Hamada M, George MS, Quartarone A, Classen J, Massimini M, Rothwell J, Siebner HR. Consensus Paper: Probing Homeostatic Plasticity of Human Cortex With Non-invasive Transcranial Brain Stimulation. Brain Stimul 2016; 8:993-1006. [PMID: 26598772 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeostatic plasticity is thought to stabilize neural activity around a set point within a physiologically reasonable dynamic range. Over the last ten years, a wide range of non-invasive transcranial brain stimulation (NTBS) techniques have been used to probe homeostatic control of cortical plasticity in the intact human brain. Here, we review different NTBS approaches to study homeostatic plasticity on a systems level and relate the findings to both, physiological evidence from in vitro studies and to a theoretical framework of homeostatic function. We highlight differences between homeostatic and other non-homeostatic forms of plasticity and we examine the contribution of sleep in restoring synaptic homeostasis. Finally, we discuss the growing number of studies showing that abnormal homeostatic plasticity may be associated to a range of neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Fuhl A, Müller-Dahlhaus F, Lücke C, Toennes SW, Ziemann U. Low Doses of Ethanol Enhance LTD-like Plasticity in Human Motor Cortex. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:2969-80. [PMID: 26038159 PMCID: PMC4864632 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Humans liberally use ethanol for its facilitating effects on social interactions but its effects on central nervous system function remain underexplored. We have recently described that very low doses of ethanol abolish long-term potentiation (LTP)-like plasticity in human cortex, most likely through enhancement of tonic inhibition [Lücke et al, 2014, Neuropsychopharmacology 39:1508-18]. Here, we studied the effects of low-dose ethanol on long-term depression (LTD)-like plasticity. LTD-like plasticity was induced in human motor cortex by paired associative transcranial magnetic stimulation (PASLTD), and measured as decreases of motor evoked potential input-output curve (IO-curve). In addition, sedation was measured by decreases in saccade peak velocity (SPV). Ethanol in two low doses (EtOH<10mM, EtOH<20mM) was compared to single oral doses of alprazolam (APZ, 1mg) a classical benzodiazepine, and zolpidem (ZLP, 10 mg), a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic, in a double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled crossover design in ten healthy human subjects. EtOH<10mM and EtOH<20mM but not APZ or ZLP enhanced the PASLTD-induced LTD-like plasticity, while APZ and ZLP but not EtOH<10mM or EtOH<20mM decreased SPV. Non-sedating low doses of ethanol, easily reached during social drinking, enhance LTD-like plasticity in human cortex. This effect is most likely explained by the activation of extrasynaptic α4-subunit containing gamma-aminobutyric type A receptors by low-dose EtOH, resulting in increased tonic inhibition. Findings may stimulate cellular research on the role of tonic inhibition in regulating excitability and plasticity of cortical neuronal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fuhl
- Department of Neurology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florian Müller-Dahlhaus
- Department of Neurology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,Department of Neurology & Stroke, and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Caroline Lücke
- Department of Neurology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan W Toennes
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ulf Ziemann
- Department of Neurology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,Department of Neurology & Stroke, and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany,Department of Neurology & Stroke, and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, Tübingen, D-72076, Germany, Tel: +49 7071 2982049, Fax: +49 7071 295260, E-mail:
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Rossini PM, Burke D, Chen R, Cohen LG, Daskalakis Z, Di Iorio R, Di Lazzaro V, Ferreri F, Fitzgerald PB, George MS, Hallett M, Lefaucheur JP, Langguth B, Matsumoto H, Miniussi C, Nitsche MA, Pascual-Leone A, Paulus W, Rossi S, Rothwell JC, Siebner HR, Ugawa Y, Walsh V, Ziemann U. Non-invasive electrical and magnetic stimulation of the brain, spinal cord, roots and peripheral nerves: Basic principles and procedures for routine clinical and research application. An updated report from an I.F.C.N. Committee. Clin Neurophysiol 2015; 126:1071-1107. [PMID: 25797650 PMCID: PMC6350257 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1746] [Impact Index Per Article: 194.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
These guidelines provide an up-date of previous IFCN report on “Non-invasive electrical and magnetic stimulation of the brain, spinal cord and roots: basic principles and procedures for routine clinical application” (Rossini et al., 1994). A new Committee, composed of international experts, some of whom were in the panel of the 1994 “Report”, was selected to produce a current state-of-the-art review of non-invasive stimulation both for clinical application and research in neuroscience. Since 1994, the international scientific community has seen a rapid increase in non-invasive brain stimulation in studying cognition, brain–behavior relationship and pathophysiology of various neurologic and psychiatric disorders. New paradigms of stimulation and new techniques have been developed. Furthermore, a large number of studies and clinical trials have demonstrated potential therapeutic applications of non-invasive brain stimulation, especially for TMS. Recent guidelines can be found in the literature covering specific aspects of non-invasive brain stimulation, such as safety (Rossi et al., 2009), methodology (Groppa et al., 2012) and therapeutic applications (Lefaucheur et al., 2014). This up-dated review covers theoretical, physiological and practical aspects of non-invasive stimulation of brain, spinal cord, nerve roots and peripheral nerves in the light of more updated knowledge, and include some recent extensions and developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Rossini
- Institute of Neurology, Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Catholic University, Policlinic A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - D Burke
- Department of Neurology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - R Chen
- Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - L G Cohen
- Human Cortical Physiology and Neurorehabilitation Section, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Z Daskalakis
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Di Iorio
- Institute of Neurology, Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Catholic University, Policlinic A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy.
| | - V Di Lazzaro
- Department of Neurology, University Campus Bio-medico, Rome, Italy
| | - F Ferreri
- Department of Neurology, University Campus Bio-medico, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - P B Fitzgerald
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University Central Clinical School and The Alfred, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M S George
- Medical University of South Carolina, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - M Hallett
- Human Motor Control Section, Medical Neurology Branch, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J P Lefaucheur
- Department of Physiology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France; EA 4391, Nerve Excitability and Therapeutic Team, Faculty of Medicine, Paris Est Créteil University, Créteil, France
| | - B Langguth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - H Matsumoto
- Department of Neurology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - C Miniussi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - M A Nitsche
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - A Pascual-Leone
- Berenson-Allen Center for Non-invasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W Paulus
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - S Rossi
- Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab, Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - J C Rothwell
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - H R Siebner
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Y Ugawa
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - V Walsh
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - U Ziemann
- Department of Neurology & Stroke, and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
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Dasgupta S, Wörgötter F, Manoonpong P. Neuromodulatory adaptive combination of correlation-based learning in cerebellum and reward-based learning in basal ganglia for goal-directed behavior control. Front Neural Circuits 2014; 8:126. [PMID: 25389391 PMCID: PMC4211401 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2014.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Goal-directed decision making in biological systems is broadly based on associations between conditional and unconditional stimuli. This can be further classified as classical conditioning (correlation-based learning) and operant conditioning (reward-based learning). A number of computational and experimental studies have well established the role of the basal ganglia in reward-based learning, where as the cerebellum plays an important role in developing specific conditioned responses. Although viewed as distinct learning systems, recent animal experiments point toward their complementary role in behavioral learning, and also show the existence of substantial two-way communication between these two brain structures. Based on this notion of co-operative learning, in this paper we hypothesize that the basal ganglia and cerebellar learning systems work in parallel and interact with each other. We envision that such an interaction is influenced by reward modulated heterosynaptic plasticity (RMHP) rule at the thalamus, guiding the overall goal directed behavior. Using a recurrent neural network actor-critic model of the basal ganglia and a feed-forward correlation-based learning model of the cerebellum, we demonstrate that the RMHP rule can effectively balance the outcomes of the two learning systems. This is tested using simulated environments of increasing complexity with a four-wheeled robot in a foraging task in both static and dynamic configurations. Although modeled with a simplified level of biological abstraction, we clearly demonstrate that such a RMHP induced combinatorial learning mechanism, leads to stabler and faster learning of goal-directed behaviors, in comparison to the individual systems. Thus, in this paper we provide a computational model for adaptive combination of the basal ganglia and cerebellum learning systems by way of neuromodulated plasticity for goal-directed decision making in biological and bio-mimetic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakyasingha Dasgupta
- Institute for Physics - Biophysics, George-August-UniversityGöttingen, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, George-August-UniversityGöttingen, Germany
| | - Florentin Wörgötter
- Institute for Physics - Biophysics, George-August-UniversityGöttingen, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, George-August-UniversityGöttingen, Germany
| | - Poramate Manoonpong
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, George-August-UniversityGöttingen, Germany
- Center for Biorobotics, Maersk Mc-Kinney Møller Institute, University of Southern DenmarkOdense, Denmark
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Cash RFH, Murakami T, Chen R, Thickbroom GW, Ziemann U. Augmenting Plasticity Induction in Human Motor Cortex by Disinhibition Stimulation. Cereb Cortex 2014; 26:58-69. [PMID: 25100853 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhu176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular studies showed that disinhibition, evoked pharmacologically or by a suitably timed priming stimulus, can augment long-term plasticity (LTP) induction. We demonstrated previously that transcranial magnetic stimulation evokes a period of presumably GABA(B)ergic late cortical disinhibition (LCD) in human primary motor cortex (M1). Here, we hypothesized that, in keeping with cellular studies, LCD can augment LTP-like plasticity in humans. In Experiment 1, patterned repetitive TMS was applied to left M1, consisting of 6 trains (intertrain interval, 8 s) of 4 doublets (interpulse interval equal to individual peak I-wave facilitation, 1.3-1.5 ms) spaced by the individual peak LCD (interdoublet interval (IDI), 200-250 ms). This intervention (total of 48 pulses applied over ∼45 s) increased motor-evoked potential amplitude, a marker of corticospinal excitability, in a right hand muscle by 147% ± 4%. Control experiments showed that IDIs shorter or longer than LCD did not result in LTP-like plasticity. Experiment 2 indicated topographic specificity to the M1 hand region stimulated by TMS and duration of the LTP-like plasticity of 60 min. In conclusion, GABA(B)ergic LCD offers a powerful new approach for augmenting LTP-like plasticity induction in human cortex. We refer to this protocol as disinhibition stimulation (DIS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin F H Cash
- Australian Neuro-Muscular Research Institute and Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia Department of Neurology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour - Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Takenobu Murakami
- Department of Neurology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany Department of Neurology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Robert Chen
- Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour - Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gary W Thickbroom
- Australian Neuro-Muscular Research Institute and Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Ulf Ziemann
- Department of Neurology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany Department of Neurology and Stroke, and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
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