1
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Park SJ, Wang IH, Lee N, Jiang HC, Uemura T, Futai K, Kim D, Macosko E, Greer P. Combinatorial expression of neurexin genes regulates glomerular targeting by olfactory sensory neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.01.587570. [PMID: 38617205 PMCID: PMC11014570 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.01.587570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Precise connectivity between specific neurons is essential for the formation of the complex neural circuitry necessary for executing intricate motor behaviors and higher cognitive functions. While trans -interactions between synaptic membrane proteins have emerged as crucial elements in orchestrating the assembly of these neural circuits, the synaptic surface proteins involved in neuronal wiring remain largely unknown. Here, using unbiased single-cell transcriptomic and mouse genetic approaches, we uncover that the neurexin family of genes enables olfactory sensory neuron (OSNs) axons to form appropriate synaptic connections with their mitral and tufted (M/T) cell synaptic partners, within the mammalian olfactory system. Neurexin isoforms are differentially expressed within distinct populations of OSNs, resulting in unique pattern of neurexin expression that is specific to each OSN type, and synergistically cooperate to regulate axonal innervation, guiding OSN axons to their designated glomeruli. This process is facilitated through the interactions of neurexins with their postsynaptic partners, including neuroligins, which have distinct expression patterns in M/T cells. Our findings suggest a novel mechanism underpinning the precise assembly of olfactory neural circuits, driven by the trans -interaction between neurexins and their ligands.
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Núñez-Carpintero I, Rigau M, Bosio M, O'Connor E, Spendiff S, Azuma Y, Topf A, Thompson R, 't Hoen PAC, Chamova T, Tournev I, Guergueltcheva V, Laurie S, Beltran S, Capella-Gutiérrez S, Cirillo D, Lochmüller H, Valencia A. Rare disease research workflow using multilayer networks elucidates the molecular determinants of severity in Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1227. [PMID: 38418480 PMCID: PMC10902324 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45099-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Exploring the molecular basis of disease severity in rare disease scenarios is a challenging task provided the limitations on data availability. Causative genes have been described for Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes (CMS), a group of diverse minority neuromuscular junction (NMJ) disorders; yet a molecular explanation for the phenotypic severity differences remains unclear. Here, we present a workflow to explore the functional relationships between CMS causal genes and altered genes from each patient, based on multilayer network community detection analysis of complementary biomedical information provided by relevant data sources, namely protein-protein interactions, pathways and metabolomics. Our results show that CMS severity can be ascribed to the personalized impairment of extracellular matrix components and postsynaptic modulators of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clustering. This work showcases how coupling multilayer network analysis with personalized -omics information provides molecular explanations to the varying severity of rare diseases; paving the way for sorting out similar cases in other rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iker Núñez-Carpintero
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Plaça Eusebi Güell, 1-3, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Rigau
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Plaça Eusebi Güell, 1-3, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mattia Bosio
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Plaça Eusebi Güell, 1-3, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
- Coordination Unit Spanish National Bioinformatics Institute (INB/ELIXIR-ES), Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emily O'Connor
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sally Spendiff
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Yoshiteru Azuma
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Ana Topf
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Thompson
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Peter A C 't Hoen
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Teodora Chamova
- Department of Neurology, Expert Centre for Hereditary Neurologic and Metabolic Disorders, Alexandrovska University Hospital, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivailo Tournev
- Department of Neurology, Expert Centre for Hereditary Neurologic and Metabolic Disorders, Alexandrovska University Hospital, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Cognitive Science and Psychology, New Bulgarian University, Sofia, 1618, Bulgaria
| | - Velina Guergueltcheva
- Clinic of Neurology, University Hospital Sofiamed, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Steven Laurie
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG-CRG), Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sergi Beltran
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG-CRG), Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Capella-Gutiérrez
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Plaça Eusebi Güell, 1-3, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
- Coordination Unit Spanish National Bioinformatics Institute (INB/ELIXIR-ES), Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Davide Cirillo
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Plaça Eusebi Güell, 1-3, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG-CRG), Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alfonso Valencia
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Plaça Eusebi Güell, 1-3, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
- Coordination Unit Spanish National Bioinformatics Institute (INB/ELIXIR-ES), Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Habif JC, Xie C, de Celis C, Ukhanov K, Green WW, Moretta JC, Zhang L, Campbell RJ, Martens JR. The role of a ciliary GTPase in the regulation of neuronal maturation of olfactory sensory neurons. Development 2023; 150:286702. [PMID: 36661357 PMCID: PMC10110495 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) form embryonically and mature perinatally, innervating glomeruli and extending dendrites with multiple cilia. This process and its timing are crucial for odor detection and perception and continues throughout life. In the olfactory epithelium (OE), differentiated OSNs proceed from an immature (iOSN) to a mature (mOSN) state through well-defined sequential morphological and molecular transitions, but the precise mechanisms controlling OSN maturation remain largely unknown. We have identified that a GTPase, ARL13B, has a transient and maturation state-dependent expression in OSNs marking the emergence of a primary cilium. Utilizing an iOSN-specific Arl13b-null murine model, we examined the role of ARL13B in the maturation of OSNs. The loss of Arl13b in iOSNs caused a profound dysregulation of the cellular homeostasis and development of the OE. Importantly, Arl13b null OSNs demonstrated a delay in the timing of their maturation. Finally, the loss of Arl13b resulted in severe deformation in the structure and innervation of glomeruli. Our findings demonstrate a previously unknown role of ARL13B in the maturation of OSNs and development of the OE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien C Habif
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- University of Florida Center for Smell and Taste, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Chao Xie
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- University of Florida Center for Smell and Taste, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Carlos de Celis
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- University of Florida Center for Smell and Taste, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kirill Ukhanov
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- University of Florida Center for Smell and Taste, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Warren W Green
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- University of Florida Center for Smell and Taste, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jordan C Moretta
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- University of Florida Center for Smell and Taste, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Lian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- University of Florida Center for Smell and Taste, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Robert J Campbell
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- University of Florida Center for Smell and Taste, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Martens
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- University of Florida Center for Smell and Taste, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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4
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Li RC, Molday LL, Lin CC, Ren X, Fleischmann A, Molday RS, Yau KW. Low signaling efficiency from receptor to effector in olfactory transduction: A quantified ligand-triggered GPCR pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2121225119. [PMID: 35914143 PMCID: PMC9371729 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121225119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling is ubiquitous. As an archetype of this signaling motif, rod phototransduction has provided many fundamental, quantitative details, including a dogma that one active GPCR molecule activates a substantial number of downstream G protein/enzyme effector complexes. However, rod phototransduction is light-activated, whereas GPCR pathways are predominantly ligand-activated. Here, we report a detailed study of the ligand-triggered GPCR pathway in mammalian olfactory transduction, finding that an odorant-receptor molecule when (one-time) complexed with its most effective odorants produces on average much less than one downstream effector. Further experiments gave a nominal success probability of tentatively ∼10-4 (more conservatively, ∼10-2 to ∼10-5). This picture is potentially more generally representative of GPCR signaling than is rod phototransduction, constituting a paradigm shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Chang Li
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Laurie L. Molday
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Chih-Chun Lin
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Xiaozhi Ren
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | | | - Robert S. Molday
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - King-Wai Yau
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
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5
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Ukhanov K, Uytingco C, Green W, Zhang L, Schurmans S, Martens JR. INPP5E controls ciliary localization of phospholipids and the odor response in olfactory sensory neurons. J Cell Sci 2021; 135:jcs.258364. [PMID: 33771931 PMCID: PMC8126451 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipid composition of the primary cilia membrane is emerging as a critical regulator of cilia formation, maintenance and function. Here, we show that conditional deletion of the phosphoinositide 5′-phosphatase gene Inpp5e, mutation of which is causative of Joubert syndrome, in terminally developed mouse olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), leads to a dramatic remodeling of ciliary phospholipids that is accompanied by marked elongation of cilia. Phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], which is normally restricted to the proximal segment redistributed to the entire length of cilia in Inpp5e knockout mice with a reduction in phosphatidylinositol (3,4)-bisphosphate [PI(3,4)P2] and elevation of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate [PI(3,4,5)P3] in the dendritic knob. The redistribution of phosphoinositides impaired odor adaptation, resulting in less efficient recovery and altered inactivation kinetics of the odor-evoked electrical response and the odor-induced elevation of cytoplasmic Ca2+. Gene replacement of Inpp5e through adenoviral expression restored the ciliary localization of PI(4,5)P2 and odor response kinetics in OSNs. Our findings support the role of phosphoinositides as a modulator of the odor response and in ciliary biology of native multi-ciliated OSNs. Summary: Cilia of olfactory sensory neurons have a unique lipid composition. Localization of phospholipids is controlled by the INPP5E phosphatase and is involved in modulation of the odor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Ukhanov
- University of Florida, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA.,University of Florida, Center for Smell and Taste, FL 32610-0267, USA
| | - Cedric Uytingco
- University of Florida, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Warren Green
- University of Florida, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Lian Zhang
- University of Florida, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA.,University of Florida, Center for Smell and Taste, FL 32610-0267, USA
| | - Stephane Schurmans
- Laboratory of Functional Genetics, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Disease, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jeffrey R Martens
- University of Florida, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA.,University of Florida, Center for Smell and Taste, FL 32610-0267, USA
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6
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Reisert J, Golden GJ, Dibattista M, Gelperin A. Odor sampling strategies in mice with genetically altered olfactory responses. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249798. [PMID: 33939692 PMCID: PMC8092659 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral sensory cells and the central neuronal circuits that monitor environmental changes to drive behaviors should be adapted to match the behaviorally relevant kinetics of incoming stimuli, be it the detection of sound frequencies, the speed of moving objects or local temperature changes. Detection of odorants begins with the activation of olfactory receptor neurons in the nasal cavity following inhalation of air and airborne odorants carried therein. Thus, olfactory receptor neurons are stimulated in a rhythmic and repeated fashion that is determined by the breathing or sniffing frequency that can be controlled and altered by the animal. This raises the question of how the response kinetics of olfactory receptor neurons are matched to the imposed stimulation frequency and if, vice versa, the kinetics of olfactory receptor neuron responses determine the sniffing frequency. We addressed this question by using a mouse model that lacks the K+-dependent Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 4 (NCKX4), which results in markedly slowed response termination of olfactory receptor neuron responses and hence changes the temporal response kinetics of these neurons. We monitored sniffing behaviors of freely moving wildtype and NCKX4 knockout mice while they performed olfactory Go/NoGo discrimination tasks. Knockout mice performed with similar or, surprisingly, better accuracy compared to wildtype mice, but chose, depending on the task, different odorant sampling durations depending on the behavioral demands of the odorant identification task. Similarly, depending on the demands of the behavioral task, knockout mice displayed a lower basal breathing frequency prior to odorant sampling, a possible mechanism to increase the dynamic range for changes in sniffing frequency during odorant sampling. Overall, changes in sniffing behavior between wildtype and NCKX4 knockout mice were subtle, suggesting that, at least for the particular odorant-driven task we used, slowed response termination of the odorant-induced receptor neuron response either has a limited detrimental effect on odorant-driven behavior or mice are able to compensate via an as yet unknown mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Reisert
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JR); (AG)
| | - Glen J. Golden
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Michele Dibattista
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Alan Gelperin
- Princeton Neuroscience Program, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JR); (AG)
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A Role for STOML3 in Olfactory Sensory Transduction. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0565-20.2021. [PMID: 33637538 PMCID: PMC7986538 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0565-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stomatin-like protein-3 (STOML3) is an integral membrane protein expressed in the cilia of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), but its functional role in this cell type has never been addressed. STOML3 is also expressed in dorsal root ganglia neurons, where it has been shown to be required for normal touch sensation. Here, we extended previous results indicating that STOML3 is mainly expressed in the knob and proximal cilia of OSNs. We additionally showed that mice lacking STOML3 have a morphologically normal olfactory epithelium. Because of its presence in the cilia, together with known olfactory transduction components, we hypothesized that STOML3 could be involved in modulating odorant responses in OSNs. To investigate the functional role of STOML3, we performed loose patch recordings from wild-type (WT) and Stoml3 knock-out (KO) OSNs. We found that spontaneous mean firing activity was lower with additional shift in interspike intervals (ISIs) distributions in Stoml3 KOs compared with WT neurons. Moreover, the firing activity in response to stimuli was reduced both in spike number and duration in neurons lacking STOML3 compared with WT neurons. Control experiments suggested that the primary deficit in neurons lacking STOML3 was at the level of transduction and not at the level of action potential generation. We conclude that STOML3 has a physiological role in olfaction, being required for normal sensory encoding by OSNs.
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8
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Zazhytska M, Kodra A, Hoagland DA, Fullard JF, Shayya H, Omer A, Firestein S, Gong Q, Canoll PD, Goldman JE, Roussos P, tenOever BR, Overdevest JB, Lomvardas S. Disruption of nuclear architecture as a cause of COVID-19 induced anosmia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2021.02.09.430314. [PMID: 33594368 PMCID: PMC7885920 DOI: 10.1101/2021.02.09.430314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Olfaction relies on a coordinated partnership between odorant flow and neuronal communication. Disruption in our ability to detect odors, or anosmia, has emerged as a hallmark symptom of infection with SARS-CoV-2, yet the mechanism behind this abrupt sensory deficit remains elusive. Here, using molecular evaluation of human olfactory epithelium (OE) from subjects succumbing to COVID-19 and a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, we discovered widespread downregulation of olfactory receptors (ORs) as well as key components of their signaling pathway. OR downregulation likely represents a non-cell autonomous effect, since SARS-CoV-2 detection in OSNs is extremely rare both in human and hamster OEs. A likely explanation for the reduction of OR transcription is the striking reorganization of nuclear architecture observed in the OSN lineage, which disrupts multi-chromosomal compartments regulating OR expression in humans and hamsters. Our experiments uncover a novel molecular mechanism by which a virus with a very selective tropism can elicit persistent transcriptional changes in cells that evade it, contributing to the severity of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Zazhytska
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind, Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Albana Kodra
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind, Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Daisy A Hoagland
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - John F Fullard
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Hani Shayya
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind, Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Arina Omer
- Baylor Genetics, 2450 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77021, USA
| | - Stuart Firestein
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Qizhi Gong
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Peter D Canoll
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - James E Goldman
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Panos Roussos
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Benjamin R tenOever
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jonathan B Overdevest
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Stavros Lomvardas
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind, Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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9
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Enomoto T, Nishida H, Iwata T, Fujita A, Nakayama K, Kashiwagi T, Hatanaka Y, Kondo H, Kajitani R, Itoh T, Ohmoto M, Matsumoto I, Hirota J. Bcl11b controls odorant receptor class choice in mice. Commun Biol 2019; 2:296. [PMID: 31396576 PMCID: PMC6685970 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0536-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Each olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) expresses a single odorant receptor (OR) gene from the class I or class II repertoire in mice. The mechanisms that regulate OR class choice in OSNs remain unknown. Here, we show that the transcription factor Bcl11b determines the OR class to be expressed in OSNs. Both loss- and gain-of-function analyses demonstrate that class I is a default fate of OSNs and that Bcl11b dictates a class II OR choice by suppressing the effect of the J-element, a class I-OR enhancer. We further demonstrate that OSN-specific genetic manipulations of Bcl11b bias the OR class choice, generating mice with "class I-dominant" and "class II-dominant" noses, which display contrasting innate olfactory behaviors to two distinct aversive odorants. Overall, these findings reveal a unique transcriptional mechanism mediating a binary switch for OR class choice that is crucial to both the anatomical and functional organization of the olfactory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Enomoto
- Center for Biological Resources and Informatics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
| | - Hidefumi Nishida
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
| | - Tetsuo Iwata
- Center for Biological Resources and Informatics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
| | - Akito Fujita
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
| | - Kanako Nakayama
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
| | - Takahiro Kashiwagi
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
| | - Yasue Hatanaka
- Center for Biological Resources and Informatics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
| | - Hiro Kondo
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
| | - Rei Kajitani
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
| | - Takehiko Itoh
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
| | - Makoto Ohmoto
- Center for Biological Resources and Informatics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | | | - Junji Hirota
- Center for Biological Resources and Informatics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
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10
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Kurtenbach S, Goss GM, Goncalves S, Choi R, Hare JM, Chaudhari N, Goldstein BJ. Cell-Based Therapy Restores Olfactory Function in an Inducible Model of Hyposmia. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 12:1354-1365. [PMID: 31155504 PMCID: PMC6565856 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies have been proposed as a strategy to replace damaged tissues, especially in the nervous system. A primary sensory modality, olfaction, is impaired in 12% of the US population, but lacks treatment options. We report here the development of a novel mouse model of inducible hyposmia and demonstrate that purified tissue-specific stem cells delivered intranasally engraft to produce olfactory neurons, achieving recovery of function. Adult mice were rendered hyposmic by conditional deletion of the ciliopathy-related IFT88 gene in the olfactory sensory neuron lineage and following experimentally induced olfactory injury, received either vehicle or stem cell infusion intranasally. Engraftment-derived olfactory neurons were identified histologically, and functional improvements were measured via electrophysiology and behavioral assay. We further explored mechanisms in culture that promote expansion of engraftment-competent adult olfactory basal progenitor cells. These findings provide a basis for translational research on propagating adult tissue-specific sensory progenitor cells and testing their therapeutic potential. A novel mouse model of inducible olfactory loss was used to test stem cell therapy Purified adult tissue-specific stem cells can engraft and restore olfaction Culture expansion of engraftment-competent stem cells was examined via RNA-seq
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kurtenbach
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Biomedical Research Building, Room 809, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Garrett M Goss
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Biomedical Research Building, Room 809, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Stefania Goncalves
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Rhea Choi
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Graduate Program in Neurosciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Biomedical Research Building, Room 809, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Nirupa Chaudhari
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Graduate Program in Neurosciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Bradley J Goldstein
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Biomedical Research Building, Room 809, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Graduate Program in Neurosciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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11
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Nishizumi H, Miyashita A, Inoue N, Inokuchi K, Aoki M, Sakano H. Primary dendrites of mitral cells synapse unto neighboring glomeruli independent of their odorant receptor identity. Commun Biol 2019; 2:14. [PMID: 30652126 PMCID: PMC6325062 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0252-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mouse olfactory bulb, neural map topography is largely established by axon-axon interactions of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). However, to make the map functional, the OSNs must make proper connections to second-order neurons, the mitral cells. How do the mitral-cell dendrites find their partner glomeruli for synapse formation with OSN axons? Here, we analyze dendrite connections of mitral cells in various mutant mice in which glomerular formation is perturbed. Our present results support the proximity model, whereby mitral cells tend to connect primary dendrites to the nearest neighboring glomeruli regardless of their odorant receptor identities. The physical location of glomeruli rather than the odorant-receptor specificity appears to play a key role in matching mitral cells with their partner OSN axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Nishizumi
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032 Japan
- Department of Brain Function, School of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Shimo-aizuki, Matsuoka, Fukui 910-1193 Japan
| | - Akihiro Miyashita
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032 Japan
| | - Nobuko Inoue
- Department of Brain Function, School of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Shimo-aizuki, Matsuoka, Fukui 910-1193 Japan
| | - Kasumi Inokuchi
- Department of Brain Function, School of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Shimo-aizuki, Matsuoka, Fukui 910-1193 Japan
| | - Mari Aoki
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakano
- Department of Brain Function, School of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Shimo-aizuki, Matsuoka, Fukui 910-1193 Japan
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12
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Akins MR, Berk-Rauch HE, Kwan KY, Mitchell ME, Shepard KA, Korsak LIT, Stackpole EE, Warner-Schmidt JL, Sestan N, Cameron HA, Fallon JR. Axonal ribosomes and mRNAs associate with fragile X granules in adult rodent and human brains. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:192-209. [PMID: 28082376 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Local mRNA translation in growing axons allows for rapid and precise regulation of protein expression in response to extrinsic stimuli. However, the role of local translation in mature CNS axons is unknown. Such a mechanism requires the presence of translational machinery and associated mRNAs in circuit-integrated brain axons. Here we use a combination of genetic, quantitative imaging and super-resolution microscopy approaches to show that mature axons in the mammalian brain contain ribosomes, the translational regulator FMRP and a subset of FMRP mRNA targets. This axonal translational machinery is associated with Fragile X granules (FXGs), which are restricted to axons in a stereotyped subset of brain circuits. FXGs and associated axonal translational machinery are present in hippocampus in humans as old as 57 years. This FXG-associated axonal translational machinery is present in adult rats, even when adult neurogenesis is blocked. In contrast, in mouse this machinery is only observed in juvenile hippocampal axons. This differential developmental expression was specific to the hippocampus, as both mice and rats exhibit FXGs in mature axons in the adult olfactory system. Experiments in Fmr1 null mice show that FMRP regulates axonal protein expression but is not required for axonal transport of ribosomes or its target mRNAs. Axonal translational machinery is thus a feature of adult CNS neurons. Regulation of this machinery by FMRP could support complex behaviours in humans throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Akins
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | | | - Kenneth Y Kwan
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Lulu I T Korsak
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Nenad Sestan
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Heather A Cameron
- Section on Neuroplasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Justin R Fallon
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI
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13
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Schellinck H. Measuring Olfactory Processes in Mus musculus. Behav Processes 2017; 155:19-25. [PMID: 28882652 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper briefly reviews the literature that describes olfactory acuity and odour discrimination learning. The results of current studies that examined the role of the neurotransmitters noradrenalin and acetylcholine in odour discrimination learning are discussed as are those that investigated pattern recognition and models of human disease. The methodology associated with such work is also described and its role in creating disparate results assessed. Recommendations for increasing the reliability and validity of experiments so as to further our understanding of olfactory processes in both healthy mice and those modelling human disease are made throughout the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Schellinck
- Dept. of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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14
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Inokuchi K, Imamura F, Takeuchi H, Kim R, Okuno H, Nishizumi H, Bito H, Kikusui T, Sakano H. Nrp2 is sufficient to instruct circuit formation of mitral-cells to mediate odour-induced attractive social responses. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15977. [PMID: 28731029 PMCID: PMC5525001 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Odour information induces various innate responses that are critical to the survival of the individual and for the species. An axon guidance molecule, Neuropilin 2 (Nrp2), is known to mediate targeting of olfactory sensory neurons (primary neurons), to the posteroventral main olfactory bulb (PV MOB) in mice. Here we report that Nrp2-positive (Nrp2+) mitral cells (MCs, second-order neurons) play crucial roles in transmitting attractive social signals from the PV MOB to the anterior part of medial amygdala (MeA). Semaphorin 3F, a repulsive ligand to Nrp2, regulates both migration of Nrp2+ MCs to the PV MOB and their axonal projection to the anterior MeA. In the MC-specific Nrp2 knockout mice, circuit formation of Nrp2+ MCs and odour-induced attractive social responses are impaired. In utero, electroporation demonstrates that activation of the Nrp2 gene in MCs is sufficient to instruct their circuit formation from the PV MOB to the anterior MeA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasumi Inokuchi
- Department of Brain Function, School of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.,Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Imamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | - Haruki Takeuchi
- Department of Brain Function, School of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Ryang Kim
- Department of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okuno
- Department of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nishizumi
- Department of Brain Function, School of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.,Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Bito
- Department of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takefumi Kikusui
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakano
- Department of Brain Function, School of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
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15
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A Subtype of Olfactory Bulb Interneurons Is Required for Odor Detection and Discrimination Behaviors. J Neurosci 2017; 36:8210-27. [PMID: 27488640 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2783-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Neural circuits that undergo reorganization by newborn interneurons in the olfactory bulb (OB) are necessary for odor detection and discrimination, olfactory memory, and innate olfactory responses, including predator avoidance and sexual behaviors. The OB possesses many interneurons, including various types of granule cells (GCs); however, the contribution that each type of interneuron makes to olfactory behavioral control remains unknown. Here, we investigated the in vivo functional role of oncofetal trophoblast glycoprotein 5T4, a regulator for dendritic arborization of 5T4-expressing GCs (5T4 GCs), the level of which is reduced in the OB of 5T4 knock-out (KO) mice. Electrophysiological recordings with acute OB slices indicated that external tufted cells (ETCs) can be divided into two types, bursting and nonbursting. Optogenetic stimulation of 5T4 GCs revealed their connection to both bursting and nonbursting ETCs, as well as to mitral cells (MCs). Interestingly, nonbursting ETCs received fewer inhibitory inputs from GCs in 5T4 KO mice than from those in wild-type (WT) mice, whereas bursting ETCs and MCs received similar inputs in both mice. Furthermore, 5T4 GCs received significantly fewer excitatory inputs in 5T4 KO mice. Remarkably, in olfactory behavior tests, 5T4 KO mice had higher odor detection thresholds than the WT, as well as defects in odor discrimination learning. Therefore, the loss of 5T4 attenuates inhibitory inputs from 5T4 GCs to nonbursting ETCs and excitatory inputs to 5T4 GCs, contributing to disturbances in olfactory behavior. Our novel findings suggest that, among the various types of OB interneurons, the 5T4 GC subtype is required for odor detection and discrimination behaviors. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neuronal circuits in the brain include glutamatergic principal neurons and GABAergic interneurons. Although the latter is a minority cell type, they are vital for normal brain function because they regulate the activity of principal neurons. If interneuron function is impaired, brain function may be damaged, leading to behavior disorder. The olfactory bulb (OB) possesses various types of interneurons, including granule cells (GCs); however, the contribution that each type of interneuron makes to the control of olfactory behavior remains unknown. Here, we analyzed electrophysiologically and behaviorally the function of oncofetal trophoblast glycoprotein 5T4, a regulator for dendritic branching in OB GCs. We found that, among the various types of OB interneuron, the 5T4 GC subtype is required for odor detection and odor discrimination behaviors.
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16
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Cilia- and Flagella-Associated Protein 69 Regulates Olfactory Transduction Kinetics in Mice. J Neurosci 2017; 37:5699-5710. [PMID: 28495971 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0392-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals detect odorous chemicals through specialized olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) that transduce odorants into neural electrical signals. We identified a novel and evolutionarily conserved protein, cilia- and flagella-associated protein 69 (CFAP69), in mice that regulates olfactory transduction kinetics. In the olfactory epithelium, CFAP69 is enriched in OSN cilia, where olfactory transduction occurs. Bioinformatic analysis suggests that a large portion of CFAP69 can form Armadillo-type α-helical repeats, which may mediate protein-protein interactions. OSNs lacking CFAP69, remarkably, displayed faster kinetics in both the on and off phases of electrophysiological responses at both the neuronal ensemble level as observed by electroolfactogram and the single-cell level as observed by single-cell suction pipette recordings. In single-cell analysis, OSNs lacking CFAP69 showed faster response integration and were able to fire APs more faithfully to repeated odor stimuli. Furthermore, both male and female mutant mice that specifically lack CFAP69 in OSNs exhibited attenuated performance in a buried food pellet test when a background of the same odor to the food pellet was present even though they should have better temporal resolution of coding olfactory stimulation at the peripheral. Therefore, the role of CFAP69 in the olfactory system seems to be to allow the olfactory transduction machinery to work at a precisely regulated range of response kinetics for robust olfactory behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Sensory receptor cells are generally thought to evolve to respond to sensory cues as fast as they can. This idea is consistent with mutational analyses in various sensory systems, where mutations of sensory receptor cells often resulted in reduced response size and slowed response kinetics. Contrary to this idea, we have found that there is a kinetic "damper" present in the olfactory transduction cascade of the mouse that slows down the response kinetics and, by doing so, it reduces the peripheral temporal resolution in coding odor stimuli and allows for robust olfactory behavior. This study should trigger a rethinking of the significance of the intrinsic speed of sensory transduction and the pattern of the peripheral coding of sensory stimuli.
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17
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Abstract
Multiciliated cells are epithelial cells that are in contact with bodily fluids and are required for the proper function of major organs including the brain, the respiratory system and the reproductive tracts. Their multiple motile cilia beat unidirectionally to remove particles of external origin from their surface and/or drive cells or fluids into the lumen of the organs. Multiciliated cells in the brain are produced once, almost exclusively during embryonic development, whereas in respiratory tracts and oviducts they regenerate throughout life. In this Review, we provide a cell-to-organ overview of multiciliated cells and highlight recent studies that have greatly increased our understanding of the mechanisms driving the development and function of these cells in vertebrates. We discuss cell fate determination and differentiation of multiciliated cells, and provide a comprehensive account of their locations and functions in mammals.
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18
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Takahashi H, Tsuboi A. Olfactory Avoidance Test (Mouse). Bio Protoc 2017; 7:e2153. [PMID: 34458469 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In mice, olfaction plays a pivotal role in the various behaviors, such as feeding, mating, nursing and avoidance. Behavioral tests that analyze abilities of odor detection and recognition using genetically modified mice reveal the contribution of target genes to the olfactory processing. Here, we describe the olfactory avoidance test to investigate the odor detection ability in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroo Takahashi
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Neural System, Advanced Medical Research Center, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Akio Tsuboi
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Neural System, Advanced Medical Research Center, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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19
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Zhang Z, Yang D, Zhang M, Zhu N, Zhou Y, Storm DR, Wang Z. Deletion of Type 3 Adenylyl Cyclase Perturbs the Postnatal Maturation of Olfactory Sensory Neurons and Olfactory Cilium Ultrastructure in Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:1. [PMID: 28154525 PMCID: PMC5243839 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 3 adenylyl cyclase (Adcy3) is localized to the cilia of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and is an essential component of the olfactory cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway. Although the role of this enzyme in odor detection and axonal projection in OSNs was previously characterized, researchers will still have to determine its function in the maturation of postnatal OSNs and olfactory cilium ultrastructure. Previous studies on newborns showed that the anatomic structure of the main olfactory epithelium (MOE) of Adcy3 knockout mice (Adcy3-/-) is indistinguishable from that of their wild-type littermates (Adcy3+/+), whereas the architecture and associated composition of MOE are relatively underdeveloped at this early age. The full effects of sensory deprivation on OSNs may not also be exhibited in such age. In the present study, following a comparison of postnatal OSNs in seven-, 30-, and 90-day-old Adcy3-/- mice and wild-type controls (Adcy3+/+), we observed that the absence of Adcy3 leads to cumulative defects in the maturation of OSNs. Upon aging, Adcy3-/- OSNs exhibited increase in immature cells and reduction in mature cells along with elevated apoptosis levels. The density and ultrastructure of Adcy3-/- cilia were also disrupted in mice upon aging. Collectively, our results reveal an indispensable role of Adcy3 in postnatal maturation of OSNs and maintenance of olfactory cilium ultrastructure in mice through adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- College of Life Science, Hebei UniversityBaoding, China; Medical College, Hebei UniversityBaoding, China
| | - Dong Yang
- College of Life Science, Hebei University Baoding, China
| | - Mengdi Zhang
- College of Life Science, Hebei University Baoding, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Baoding First Center Hospital Baoding, China
| | - Yanfen Zhou
- College of Life Science, Hebei University Baoding, China
| | - Daniel R Storm
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA
| | - Zhenshan Wang
- College of Life Science, Hebei University Baoding, China
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20
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Rivière S, Soubeyre V, Jarriault D, Molinas A, Léger-Charnay E, Desmoulins L, Grebert D, Meunier N, Grosmaitre X. High Fructose Diet inducing diabetes rapidly impacts olfactory epithelium and behavior in mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34011. [PMID: 27659313 PMCID: PMC5034277 DOI: 10.1038/srep34011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), a major public health issue reaching worldwide epidemic, has been correlated with lower olfactory abilities in humans. As olfaction represents a major component of feeding behavior, its alteration may have drastic consequences on feeding behaviors that may in turn aggravates T2D. In order to decipher the impact of T2D on the olfactory epithelium, we fed mice with a high fructose diet (HFruD) inducing early diabetic state in 4 to 8 weeks. After only 4 weeks of this diet, mice exhibited a dramatic decrease in olfactory behavioral capacities. Consistently, this decline in olfactory behavior was correlated to decreased electrophysiological responses of olfactory neurons recorded as a population and individually. Our results demonstrate that, in rodents, olfaction is modified by HFruD-induced diabetes. Functional, anatomical and behavioral changes occurred in the olfactory system at a very early stage of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Rivière
- CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France.,INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France.,Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Vanessa Soubeyre
- CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France.,INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France.,Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - David Jarriault
- CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France.,INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France.,Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Adrien Molinas
- CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France.,INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France.,Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Elise Léger-Charnay
- CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France.,INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France.,Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Lucie Desmoulins
- CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France.,INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France.,Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Denise Grebert
- INRA, UR1197 Neurobiologie de l'Olfaction et Modélisation en Imagerie, Domaine de Vilvert, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, IFR 144 Neuro-Sud Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Meunier
- INRA, UR1197 Neurobiologie de l'Olfaction et Modélisation en Imagerie, Domaine de Vilvert, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, IFR 144 Neuro-Sud Paris, France.,Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Xavier Grosmaitre
- CNRS, UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France.,INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France.,Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, F-21000 Dijon, France
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21
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François A, Grebert D, Rhimi M, Mariadassou M, Naudon L, Rabot S, Meunier N. Olfactory epithelium changes in germfree mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24687. [PMID: 27089944 PMCID: PMC4835764 DOI: 10.1038/srep24687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelium development is dramatically impaired in germfree rodents, but the consequences of the absence of microbiota have been overlooked in other epithelia. In the present study, we present the first description of the bacterial communities associated with the olfactory epithelium and explored differences in olfactory epithelium characteristics between germfree and conventional, specific pathogen-free, mice. While the anatomy of the olfactory epithelium was not significantly different, we observed a thinner olfactory cilia layer along with a decreased cellular turn-over in germfree mice. Using electro-olfactogram, we recorded the responses of olfactory sensitive neuronal populations to various odorant stimulations. We observed a global increase in the amplitude of responses to odorants in germfree mice as well as altered responses kinetics. These changes were associated with a decreased transcription of most olfactory transduction actors and of olfactory xenobiotic metabolising enzymes. Overall, we present here the first evidence that the microbiota modulates the physiology of olfactory epithelium. As olfaction is a major sensory modality for most animal species, the microbiota may have an important impact on animal physiology and behaviour through olfaction alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien François
- NBO, UVSQ, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Denise Grebert
- NBO, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Moez Rhimi
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Laurent Naudon
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sylvie Rabot
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Nicolas Meunier
- NBO, UVSQ, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Genetic Ablation of Type III Adenylyl Cyclase Exerts Region-Specific Effects on Cilia Architecture in the Mouse Nose. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150638. [PMID: 26942602 PMCID: PMC4778765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that olfactory sensory neurons in the dorsal zone of the mouse olfactory epithelium exhibit drastic location-dependent differences in cilia length. Furthermore, genetic ablation of type III adenylyl cyclase (ACIII), a key olfactory signaling protein and ubiquitous marker for primary cilia, disrupts the cilia length pattern and results in considerably shorter cilia, independent of odor-induced activity. Given the significant impact of ACIII on cilia length in the dorsal zone, we sought to further investigate the relationship between cilia length and ACIII level in various regions throughout the mouse olfactory epithelium. We employed whole-mount immunohistochemical staining to examine olfactory cilia morphology in phosphodiesterase (PDE) 1C-/-;PDE4A-/- (simplified as PDEs-/- hereafter) and ACIII-/- mice in which ACIII levels are reduced and ablated, respectively. As expected, PDEs-/- animals exhibit dramatically shorter cilia in the dorsal zone (i.e., where the cilia pattern is found), similar to our previous observation in ACIII-/- mice. Remarkably, in a region not included in our previous study, ACIII-/- animals (but not PDEs-/- mice) have dramatically elongated, comet-shaped cilia, as opposed to characteristic star-shaped olfactory cilia. Here, we reveal that genetic ablation of ACIII has drastic, location-dependent effects on cilia architecture in the mouse nose. These results add a new dimension to our current understanding of olfactory cilia structure and regional organization of the olfactory epithelium. Together, these findings have significant implications for both cilia and sensory biology.
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Saraiva LR, Ibarra-Soria X, Khan M, Omura M, Scialdone A, Mombaerts P, Marioni JC, Logan DW. Hierarchical deconstruction of mouse olfactory sensory neurons: from whole mucosa to single-cell RNA-seq. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18178. [PMID: 26670777 PMCID: PMC4680959 DOI: 10.1038/srep18178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mouse olfactory mucosa is a complex chemosensory tissue composed of multiple cell types, neuronal and non-neuronal. We have here applied RNA-seq hierarchically, in three steps of decreasing cellular heterogeneity: starting with crude tissue samples dissected from the nose, proceeding to flow-cytometrically sorted pools of mature olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), and finally arriving at single mature OSNs. We show that 98.9% of intact olfactory receptor (OR) genes are expressed in mature OSNs. We uncover a hitherto unknown bipartition among mature OSNs. We find that 19 of 21 single mature OSNs each express a single intact OR gene abundantly, consistent with the one neuron-one receptor rule. For the 9 single OSNs where the two alleles of the abundantly expressed OR gene exhibit single-nucleotide polymorphisms, we demonstrate that monoallelic expression of the abundantly expressed OR gene is extremely tight. The remaining two single mature OSNs lack OR gene expression but express Trpc2 and Gucy1b2. We establish these two cells as a neuronal cell type that is fundamentally distinct from canonical, OR-expressing OSNs and that is defined by the differential, higher expression of 55 genes. We propose this tiered experimental approach as a paradigm to unravel gene expression in other cellularly heterogeneous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis R Saraiva
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton-Cambridge, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom.,European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton-Cambridge, CB10 1SD, United Kingdom.,Department of Experimental Genetics, Sidra Medical &Research Center, Qatar Foundation, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ximena Ibarra-Soria
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton-Cambridge, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Mona Khan
- Max Planck Research Unit for Neurogenetics, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 4, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Masayo Omura
- Max Planck Research Unit for Neurogenetics, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 4, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Antonio Scialdone
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton-Cambridge, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom.,European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton-Cambridge, CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Mombaerts
- Max Planck Research Unit for Neurogenetics, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 4, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - John C Marioni
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton-Cambridge, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom.,European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton-Cambridge, CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Darren W Logan
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton-Cambridge, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom.,Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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An Olfactory Cilia Pattern in the Mammalian Nose Ensures High Sensitivity to Odors. Curr Biol 2015; 25:2503-12. [PMID: 26365258 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In many sensory organs, specialized receptors are strategically arranged to enhance detection sensitivity and acuity. It is unclear whether the olfactory system utilizes a similar organizational scheme to facilitate odor detection. Curiously, olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in the mouse nose are differentially stimulated depending on the cell location. We therefore asked whether OSNs in different locations evolve unique structural and/or functional features to optimize odor detection and discrimination. Using immunohistochemistry, computational fluid dynamics modeling, and patch clamp recording, we discovered that OSNs situated in highly stimulated regions have much longer cilia and are more sensitive to odorants than those in weakly stimulated regions. Surprisingly, reduction in neuronal excitability or ablation of the olfactory G protein in OSNs does not alter the cilia length pattern, indicating that neither spontaneous nor odor-evoked activity is required for its establishment. Furthermore, the pattern is evident at birth, maintained into adulthood, and restored following pharmacologically induced degeneration of the olfactory epithelium, suggesting that it is intrinsically programmed. Intriguingly, type III adenylyl cyclase (ACIII), a key protein in olfactory signal transduction and ubiquitous marker for primary cilia, exhibits location-dependent gene expression levels, and genetic ablation of ACIII dramatically alters the cilia pattern. These findings reveal an intrinsically programmed configuration in the nose to ensure high sensitivity to odors.
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25
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McIntyre JC, Joiner AM, Zhang L, Iñiguez-Lluhí J, Martens JR. SUMOylation regulates ciliary localization of olfactory signaling proteins. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:1934-45. [PMID: 25908845 PMCID: PMC4457158 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.164673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cilia are evolutionarily conserved organelles found on many mammalian cell types, including neuronal populations. Although neuronal cilia, including those on olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), are often delineated by localization of adenylyl cyclase 3 (AC3, also known as ADCY3), the mechanisms responsible for targeting integral membrane proteins are largely unknown. Post-translational modification by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins plays an important role in protein localization processes such as nuclear-cytosolic transport. Here, we identified through bioinformatic analysis that adenylyl cyclases harbor conserved SUMOylation motifs, and show that AC3 is a substrate for SUMO modification. Functionally, overexpression of the SUMO protease SENP2 prevented ciliary localization of AC3, without affecting ciliation or cilia maintenance. Furthermore, AC3-SUMO mutants did not localize to cilia. To test whether SUMOylation is sufficient for cilia entry, we compared localization of ANO2, which possesses a SUMO motif, and ANO1, which lacks SUMOylation sites and does not localize to cilia. Introduction of SUMOylation sites into ANO1 was not sufficient for ciliary entry. These data suggest that SUMOylation is necessary but not sufficient for ciliary trafficking of select constituents, further establishing the link between ciliary and nuclear import.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy C McIntyre
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, PO Box 100267, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Ariell M Joiner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, PO Box 100267, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jorge Iñiguez-Lluhí
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Martens
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, PO Box 100267, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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