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Ke C, Shan S, Tan Y, Cao Y, Xie Z, Shi S, Pan J, Zhang W. Signaling pathways in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease with acupuncture: a narrative review. Acupunct Med 2024; 42:216-230. [PMID: 38859546 DOI: 10.1177/09645284241256669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, there is no effective treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is increasing in prevalence worldwide. The objective of this review was to summarize the core targets and signaling pathways involved in acupuncture treatment for AD. METHODS We reviewed numerous signaling pathways, including mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3 K/Akt), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor (NF)-kB, p53, Wnt, nitric oxide (NO), Janus kinase / signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/ STAT), RhoA/ROCK (Rho-associated protein kinase) and Ca2+/ calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) / cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response element-binding protein (CREB). The relevant data were obtained from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang databases. RESULTS In summary, the effects of acupuncture are mediated by multiple targets and pathways. Furthermore, acupuncture can improve pathological changes associated with AD (such as abnormal deposition of amyloid (A)β, tau hyperphosphorylation, synaptic dysfunction and neuronal apoptosis) through multiple signaling pathways. CONCLUSION Overall, our findings provide a basis for future research into the effects of acupuncture on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ke
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Shengtao Shan
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Tan
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Cao
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhengrong Xie
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Senjie Shi
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jiang Pan
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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Kim TA, Cruz G, Syty MD, Wang F, Wang X, Duan A, Halterman M, Xiong Q, Palop JJ, Ge S. Neural circuit mechanisms underlying aberrantly prolonged functional hyperemia in young Alzheimer's disease mice. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02680-9. [PMID: 39043843 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02680-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Neurovascular defects are one of the most common alterations in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, but whether these deficits develop before the onset of amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation remains to be determined. Using in vivo optical imaging in freely moving mice, we explored activity-induced hippocampal microvascular blood flow dynamics in AppSAA knock-in and J20 mouse models of AD at early stages of disease progression. We found that prior to the onset of Aβ accumulation, there was a pathologically elevated blood flow response to context exploration, termed functional hyperemia. After the onset of Aβ accumulation, this context exploration-induced hyperemia declined rapidly relative to that in control mice. Using in vivo electrophysiology recordings to explore the neural circuit mechanism underlying this blood flow alteration, we found that hippocampal interneurons before the onset of Aβ accumulation were hyperactive during context exploration. Chemogenetic tests suggest that hyperactive activation of inhibitory neurons accounted for the elevated functional hyperemia. The suppression of nitric oxide (NO) produced from hippocampal interneurons in young AD mice decreased the accumulation of Aβ. Together, these findings reveal that neurovascular coupling is aberrantly elevated before Aβ deposition, and this hyperactive functional hyperemia declines rapidly upon Aβ accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Kim
- Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - George Cruz
- Program in Neuroscience, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Michelle D Syty
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Faye Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Xinxing Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Alexandra Duan
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Marc Halterman
- Department of Neurology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Qiaojie Xiong
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
| | - Jorge J Palop
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
| | - Shaoyu Ge
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
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Xiang Y, Naik S, Zhao L, Shi J, Ke H. Emerging phosphodiesterase inhibitors for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:1404-1445. [PMID: 38279990 DOI: 10.1002/med.22017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) cause progressive loss of neuron structure and ultimately lead to neuronal cell death. Since the available drugs show only limited symptomatic relief, NDs are currently considered as incurable. This review will illustrate the principal roles of the signaling systems of cyclic adenosine and guanosine 3',5'-monophosphates (cAMP and cGMP) in the neuronal functions, and summarize expression/activity changes of the associated enzymes in the ND patients, including cyclases, protein kinases, and phosphodiesterases (PDEs). As the sole enzymes hydrolyzing cAMP and cGMP, PDEs are logical targets for modification of neurodegeneration. We will focus on PDE inhibitors and their potentials as disease-modifying therapeutics for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. For the overlapped but distinct contributions of cAMP and cGMP to NDs, we hypothesize that dual PDE inhibitors, which simultaneously regulate both cAMP and cGMP signaling pathways, may have complementary and synergistic effects on modifying neurodegeneration and thus represent a new direction on the discovery of ND drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Swapna Naik
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Liyun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hengming Ke
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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4
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Liao K, Lou Q. Alzheimer's disease increases the risk of erectile dysfunction independent of cardiovascular diseases: A mendelian randomization study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303338. [PMID: 38870203 PMCID: PMC11175418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has underscored the correlation between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and erectile dysfunction (ED). However, due to inherent limitations of observational studies, the causative relationship remains inconclusive. METHODS Utilizing publicly available data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics, this study probed the potential causal association between AD and ED using univariate Mendelian randomization (MR). Further, the multivariable MR assessed the confounding effects of six cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The primary approach employed was inverse variance weighted (IVW), supplemented by three additional methods. A series of sensitivity analyses were conducted to ensure the robustness of the results. RESULTS In the forward MR analysis, the IVW method revealed causal evidence of genetically predicted AD being a risk factor for ED (OR = 1.077, 95% CI 1.007∼1.152, P = 0.031). Reverse analysis did not demonstrate any causal evidence linking ED to AD (OR = 1.018, 95% CI 0.974∼1.063, P = 0.430). Multivariable MR analysis showed that after adjusting for coronary heart disease (OR = 1.082, 95% CI 0.009∼1.160, P = 0.027), myocardial infarction (OR = 1.085, 95% CI 1.012∼1.163, P = 0.022), atrial fibrillation (OR = 1.076, 95% CI 1.002∼1.154, P = 0.043), heart failure (OR = 1.103, 95% CI 1.024∼1.188, P = 0.010), ischemic stroke (OR = 1.079, 95% CI 1.009∼1.154, P = 0.027), hypertension (OR = 1.092, 95% CI 1.011∼1.180, P = 0.025), and all models (OR = 1.115, 95% CI 1.024∼1.214, P = 0.012), the causal association between AD and ED persisted. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the absence of pleiotropy, heterogeneity, and outliers, validating the robustness of our results (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This MR study consistently evidences a causal effect of genetically predicted AD on the risk of ED, independent of certain CVDs, yet offers no evidence for a reverse effect from ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisen Liao
- Department of Urology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Lou
- Department of Andrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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5
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Li Q, Liao Q, Qi S, Huang H, He S, Lyu W, Liang J, Qin H, Cheng Z, Yu F, Dong X, Wang Z, Han L, Han Y. Opportunities and perspectives of small molecular phosphodiesterase inhibitors in neurodegenerative diseases. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 271:116386. [PMID: 38614063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase (PDE) is a superfamily of enzymes that are responsible for the hydrolysis of two second messengers: cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). PDE inhibition promotes the gene transcription by activating cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), initiating gene transcription of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The procedure exerts neuroprotective profile, and motor and cognitive improving efficacy. From this point of view, PDE inhibition will provide a promising therapeutic strategy for treating neurodegenerative disorders. Herein, we summarized the PDE inhibitors that have entered the clinical trials or been discovered in recent five years. Well-designed clinical or preclinical investigations have confirmed the effectiveness of PDE inhibitors, such as decreasing Aβ oligomerization and tau phosphorylation, alleviating neuro-inflammation and oxidative stress, modulating neuronal plasticity and improving long-term cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Qinghong Liao
- Shandong Kangqiao Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Qingdao, 266033, Shandong, PR China
| | - Shulei Qi
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Siyu He
- Guizhou Province Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Weiping Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Jinxin Liang
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Huan Qin
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zimeng Cheng
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Fan Yu
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Ziming Wang
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 256699, Shandong, PR China
| | - Lingfei Han
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yantao Han
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China.
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Sose PM, Kale PP, Doshi GM. Deciphering the Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor α and Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Targets in Alzheimer's Disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:956-970. [PMID: 37670711 DOI: 10.2174/1871527323666230904150841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The most prevalent cause of dementia is Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the global AD rate is on a constant rise, medical research is yet to find a cure for this neurological condition. Current available therapeutic drugs for AD treatment only provide symptomatic alleviation. Therefore, it is essential to establish effective AD treatment strategies in addressing clinical needs. The development of disease-modifying treatments for use in the disease's early stages and the advancement of symptomatic drugs principally used in the disease's later stages are priorities in AD research. Given that the etiology of AD is difficult to comprehend, using a multimodal therapy intervention that targets molecular targets of AD-related degenerative processes is a practical strategy to change the course of AD progression. The current review article discussed PPAR-α (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α) and PDE5 (Phosphodiesterase type 5) targets with evidence for their preclinical and clinical importance. Furthermore, we support the targets with AD-related processes, functions, and remedial measures. A unique synergistic method for treating AD may involve the beneficial combinatorial targeting of these two receptors. Furthermore, we reviewed different PDE chemical families in this research and identified PDE5 inhibitors as one of the promising AD-related experimental and clinical disease-modifying medications. Lastly, we suggest jointly targeting these two pathways would be more beneficial than monotherapy in AD treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parnika M Sose
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V.M. Road, Vile Parle West, Mumbai-400056, India
| | - Pravin P Kale
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V.M. Road, Vile Parle West, Mumbai-400056, India
| | - Gaurav M Doshi
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V.M. Road, Vile Parle West, Mumbai-400056, India
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7
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Acquarone E, Argyrousi EK, Arancio O, Watterson DM, Roy SM. The 5HT2b Receptor in Alzheimer's Disease: Increased Levels in Patient Brains and Antagonist Attenuation of Amyloid and Tau Induced Dysfunction. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:1349-1360. [PMID: 38578894 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Background: Neurodegenerative diseases manifest behavioral dysfunction with disease progression. Intervention with neuropsychiatric drugs is part of most multi-drug treatment paradigms. However, only a fraction of patients responds to the treatments and those responding must deal with drug-drug interactions and tolerance issues generally attributed to off-target activities. Recent efforts have focused on the identification of underexplored targets and exploration of improved outcomes by treatment with selective molecular probes. Objective As part of ongoing efforts to identify and validate additional targets amenable to therapeutic intervention, we examined levels of the serotonin 5-HT2b receptor (5-HT2bR) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains and the potential of a selective 5-HT2bR antagonist to counteract synaptic plasticity and memory damage induced by AD-related proteins, amyloid-β, and tau. Methods This work used a combination of biochemical, chemical biology, electrophysiological, and behavioral techniques. Biochemical methods included analysis of protein levels. Chemical biology methods included the use of an in vivo molecular probe MW071, a selective antagonist for the 5HT2bR. Electrophysiological methods included assessment of long-term potentiation (LTP), a type of synaptic plasticity thought to underlie memory formation. Behavioral studies investigated spatial memory and associative memory. Results 5HT2bR levels are increased in brain specimens of AD patients compared to controls. 5HT2bR antagonist treatment rescued amyloid-β and tau oligomer-induced impairment of synaptic plasticity and memory. Conclusions The increased levels of 5HT-2bR in AD patient brains and the attenuation of disease-related synaptic and behavioral dysfunctions by MW071 treatment suggest that the 5HT-2bR is a molecular target worth pursuing as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Acquarone
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elentina K Argyrousi
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ottavio Arancio
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - D Martin Watterson
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Saktimayee M Roy
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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8
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Chuang WH, Chou YT, Chen YH, Kuo TH, Liaw WF, Lu TT, Kao CF, Wang YM. Neuroprotective Effect of NO-Delivery Dinitrosyl Iron Complexes (DNICs) on Amyloid Pathology in the Alzheimer's Disease Cell Model. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:2922-2934. [PMID: 37533298 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive impairment, memory loss, and behavioral deficits. β-amyloid1-42 (Aβ1-42) aggregation is a significant cause of the pathogenesis in AD. Despite the numerous types of research, the current treatment efficacy remains insufficient. Hence, a novel therapeutic strategy is required. Nitric oxide (NO) is a multifunctional gaseous molecule. NO displays a neuroprotective role in the central nervous system by inhibiting the Aβ aggregation and rescuing memory and learning deficit through the NO signaling pathway. Targeting the NO pathway might be a therapeutic option; however, NO has a limited half-life under the biological system. To address this issue, a biomimetic dinitrosyl iron complex [(NO)2Fe(μ-SCH2CH2COOH)2Fe(NO)2] (DNIC-COOH) that could stably deliver NO was explored in the current study. To determine whether DNIC-COOH exerts anti-AD efficacy, DNIC-COOH was added to neuron-like cells and primary cortical neurons along with Aβ1-42. This study found that DNIC-COOH protected neuronal cells from Aβ-induced cytotoxicity, potentiated neuronal functions, and facilitated Aβ1-42 degradation through the NO-sGC-cGMP-AKT-GSK3β-CREB/MMP-9 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Han Chuang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Chou
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hong Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Han Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Feng Liaw
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Te Lu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Fei Kao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ming Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Department of Dentistry, Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Zuccarello E, Zhang H, Acquarone E, Pham D, Staniszewski A, Deng SX, Landry DW, Arancio O, Fiorito J. Optimizing metabolic stability of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors: Discovery of a potent N-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)quinoline derivative targeting synaptic plasticity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 92:129409. [PMID: 37453616 PMCID: PMC10528936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) is a cyclic guanosine monophosphate-degrading enzyme involved in numerous biological pathways. Inhibitors of PDE5 are important therapeutics for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). We previously reported the first generation of quinoline-based PDE5 inhibitors for the treatment of AD. However, the short in vitro microsomal stability rendered them unsuitable drug candidates. Here we report a series of new quinoline-based PDE5 inhibitors. Among them, compound 4b, 8-cyclopropyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(((6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)methyl)amino)quinoline-6-carbonitrile, shows a PDE5 IC50 of 20 nM and improved in vitro microsomal stability (t1/2 = 44.6 min) as well as excellent efficacy in restoring long-term potentiation, a type of synaptic plasticity to underlie memory formation, in electrophysiology experiments with a mouse model of AD. These results provide an insight into the development of a new class of PDE5 inhibitors for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Zuccarello
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hong Zhang
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Erica Acquarone
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Dang Pham
- New York Institute of Technology, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Northern Boulevard, Old Westbury, NY 11568, United States
| | - Anna Staniszewski
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shi-Xian Deng
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Donald W Landry
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ottavio Arancio
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jole Fiorito
- New York Institute of Technology, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Northern Boulevard, Old Westbury, NY 11568, United States; Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
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10
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Zhuo Z, Wang Y, Kong H, Fu T. GKLF, a transcriptional activator of Txnip, drives microglia activation in kainic acid-induced murine models of epileptic seizures. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110426. [PMID: 37295029 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a major component of epilepsy. Gut-enriched Kruppel-like factor (GKLF), a transcription factor of Kruppel-like factor family, has been reported to promote microglia activation and mediate neuroinflammation. However, the role of GKLF in epilepsy remains poorly characterized. This study focused on the function of GKLF in neuron loss and neuroinflammation in epilepsy and the molecular mechanism underlying microglia activation induced by GKLF upon lipopolysaccharides (LPS) treatment. An experimental epileptic model was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of 25 mg/kg kainic acid (KA). Lentivirus vectors (Lv) carrying Gklf CDS or short hairpin RNA targeting Gklf (shGKLF) was injected into the hippocampus, resulting in Gklf overexpression or knockdown in the hippocampus. BV-2 cells were co-infected with Lv-shGKLF or/and Lv carrying thioredoxin interacting protein (Txnip) CDS for 48 h and treated with 1 μg/mL LPS for 24 h. Results showed that GKLF enhanced KA-induced neuronal loss, pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, activation of NOD-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes and microglia, and TXNIP expression in the hippocampus. GKLF inhibition showed negative effects on LPS-induced microglia activation, as evidenced by reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes. GKLF bound to Txnip promoter and increased TXNIP expression in LPS-activated microglia. Interestingly, Txnip overexpression reversed the inhibitory effect of Gklf knockdown on microglia activation. These findings indicated that GKLF was involved in microglia activation via TXNIP. This study demonstrates the underlying mechanism of GKLF in the pathogenesis of epilepsy and uncovers that GKLF inhibition may be a therapeutic strategy for epilepsy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Zhuo
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Huimin Kong
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Tianjiao Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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Hainsworth AH, Arancio O, Elahi FM, Isaacs JD, Cheng F. PDE5 inhibitor drugs for use in dementia. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2023; 9:e12412. [PMID: 37766832 PMCID: PMC10520293 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) remain a major health-care challenge with few licensed medications. Repurposing existing drugs may afford prevention and treatment. Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) is widely expressed in vascular myocytes, neurons, and glia. Potent, selective, Food and Drug Administration-approved PDE5 inhibitors are already in clinical use (sildenafil, vardenafil, tadalafil) as vasodilators in erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Animal data indicate cognitive benefits of PDE5 inhibitors. In humans, real-world patient data suggest that sildenafil and vardenafil are associated with reduced dementia risk. While a recent clinical trial of acute tadalafil on cerebral blood flow was neutral, there may be chronic actions of PDE5 inhibition on cerebrovascular or synaptic function. We provide a perspective on the potential utility of PDE5 inhibitors for ADRD. We conclude that further prospective clinical trials with PDE5 inhibitors are warranted. The choice of drug will depend on brain penetration, tolerability in older people, half-life, and off-target effects. HIGHLIGHTS Potent phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors are in clinical use as vasodilators.In animals PDE5 inhibitors enhance synaptic function and cognitive ability.In humans the PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil is associated with reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease.Licensed PDE5 inhibitors have potential for repurposing in dementia.Prospective clinical trials of PDE5 inhibitors are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atticus H. Hainsworth
- Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research InstituteSt George's University of LondonLondonUK
- Department of NeurologySt George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Ottavio Arancio
- Department of Pathology and Cell BiologyTaub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging BrainDepartment of MedicineColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Fanny M. Elahi
- Departments of Neurology and NeuroscienceRonald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's DiseaseFriedman Brain InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Jeremy D. Isaacs
- Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research InstituteSt George's University of LondonLondonUK
- Department of NeurologySt George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Genomic Medicine InstituteLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
- Department of Molecular MedicineCleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
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12
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Justo AFO, Toscano ECDB, Farias-Itao DS, Suemoto CK. The action of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors on β-amyloid pathology and cognition in experimental Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review. Life Sci 2023; 320:121570. [PMID: 36921685 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of dementia worldwide. The etiology of AD is partially explained by the deposition of β-amyloid in the brain. Despite extensive research on the pathogenesis of AD, the current treatments are ineffective. Here, we systematically reviewed studies that investigated whether phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) are efficient in reducing the β-amyloid load in hippocampi and improving cognitive decline in rodent models with β-amyloid accumulation. We identified ten original studies, which used rodent models with β-amyloid accumulation, were treated with PDE5i, and β-amyloid was measured in the hippocampi. PDE5i was efficient in reducing the β-amyloid levels, except for one study that exclusively used female rodents and the treatment did not affect β-amyloid levels. Interestingly, PDE5i prevented cognitive decline in all studies. This study supports the potential therapeutic use of PDE5i for the reduction of the β-amyloid load in hippocampi and cognitive decline. However, we highlight the importance of conducting additional experimental studies to evaluate the PDE5i-related molecular mechanisms involved in β-amyloid removal in male and female animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Fernando Oliveira Justo
- Physiopathology in Aging Laboratory (LIM-22), Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Eliana Cristina de Brito Toscano
- Physiopathology in Aging Laboratory (LIM-22), Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pathology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora Medical School, Juiz de Fora, Brazil; Post-graduation Program in Health, Federal University of Juiz de Fora Medical School, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.
| | | | - Claudia Kimie Suemoto
- Physiopathology in Aging Laboratory (LIM-22), Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
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13
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Siddiqui N, Ali J, Parvez S, Najmi AK, Akhtar M. Neuroprotective Role of DPP-4 Inhibitor Linagliptin Against Neurodegeneration, Neuronal Insulin Resistance and Neuroinflammation Induced by Intracerebroventricular Streptozotocin in Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Neurochem Res 2023:10.1007/s11064-023-03924-w. [PMID: 37079222 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03924-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related, multifactorial progressive neurodegenerative disorder manifested by cognitive impairment and neuronal death in the brain areas like hippocampus, yet the precise neuropathology of AD is still unclear. Continuous failure of various clinical trial studies demands the utmost need to explore more therapeutic targets against AD. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and neuronal insulin resistance due to serine phosphorylation of Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 at 307 exhibits correlation with AD. Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) have also indicated therapeutic effects in AD by increasing the level of Glucagon-like peptide-1 in the brain after crossing Blood Brain Barrier. The present study is hypothesized to examine Linagliptin, a DPP-4i in intracerebroventricular streptozotocin induced neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation and hippocampal insulin resistance in rat model of AD. Following infusion on 1st and 3rd day, animals were treated orally with Linagliptin (0.513 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, and 5 mg/kg) and donepezil (5 mg/kg) as a standard for 8 weeks. Neurobehavioral, biochemical and histopathological analysis was done at the end of treatment. Dose-dependently Linagliptin significantly reversed behavioral alterations done through locomotor activity (LA) and morris water maze (MWM) test. Moreover, Linagliptin augmented hippocampal GLP-1 and Akt-ser473 level and mitigated soluble Aβ (1-42), IRS-1 (s307), GSK-3β, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, AchE and oxidative/nitrosative stress level. Histopathological analysis also exhibited neuroprotective and anti-amylodogenic effect in Hematoxylin and eosin and Congo red staining respectively. The findings of our study concludes remarkable dose-dependent therapeutic potential of Linagliptin against neuronal insulin resistance via IRS-1 and AD-related complication. Thus, demonstrates unique molecular mechanism that underlie AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India.
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Abul Kalam Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mohd Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
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14
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Samir M, Abdelkader RM, Boushehri MS, Mansour S, Lamprecht A, Tammam SN. Enhancement of mitochondrial function using NO releasing nanoparticles; a potential approach for therapy of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 184:16-24. [PMID: 36640916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. Increasing evidence is showing the important role of mitochondrial dysfunction in AD. Mitochondria based oxidative stress, decrease in respiratory chain activity and ATP production are all associated with AD, hence indicating that the enhancement of mitochondrial function and biogenesis present a promising therapeutic approach for AD. Nitric oxide (NO) is an initiator of mitochondrial biogenesis. However, its gaseous nature and very short half-life limit the realization of its therapeutic potential. Additionally, its uncontrolled in-vivo distribution results in generalized vasodilation, hypotension among other off-target effects. Diazeniumdiolates (NONOates) are NO donors that release NO in physiological temperature and pH. Their encapsulation within a hydrophobic matrix carrier system could control the release of NO, and at the same time enable its delivery to the brain. In this work, PAPANONOate (PN) a NO donor was encapsulated in small (92 ± 7 nm) poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs. These NPs did not induce hemolysis upon intravenous administration and were able to accumulate in the brains of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induced neurodegeneration mouse models. The encapsulation of PN within a hydrophobic PLGA matrix enabled the sustained release of NO from NPs (≈ 3 folds slower relative to free PN) and successfully delivered PN to brain. As a result, PN-NPs but not free PN resulted in an enhancement in memory and cognition in animals with neurodegeneration as determined by the Y-maze test. The enhancement in cognition was a result of increased mitochondria function as indicated by the increased production of ATP and Cytochrome C oxidase enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Samir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, German University in Cairo (GUC), Egypt
| | - Reham M Abdelkader
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and German University in Cairo (GUC), Egypt
| | - Maryam Shetab Boushehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Egypt
| | - Samar Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, German University in Cairo (GUC), Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Egypt
| | - Alf Lamprecht
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bonn, Germany; Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering (EA4267), University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Salma N Tammam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, German University in Cairo (GUC), Egypt.
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15
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Selles MC, Fortuna JTS, Cercato MC, Santos LE, Domett L, Bitencourt ALB, Carraro MF, Souza AS, Janickova H, Azevedo CV, Campos HC, de Souza JM, Alves-Leon S, Prado VF, Prado MAM, Epstein AL, Salvetti A, Longo BM, Arancio O, Klein WL, Sebollela A, De Felice FG, Jerusalinsky DA, Ferreira ST. AAV-mediated neuronal expression of an scFv antibody selective for Aβ oligomers protects synapses and rescues memory in Alzheimer models. Mol Ther 2023; 31:409-419. [PMID: 36369741 PMCID: PMC9931599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of soluble oligomers of the amyloid-β peptide (AβOs) in the brain has been implicated in synapse failure and memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease. Here, we initially show that treatment with NUsc1, a single-chain variable-fragment antibody (scFv) that selectively targets a subpopulation of AβOs and shows minimal reactivity to Aβ monomers and fibrils, prevents the inhibition of long-term potentiation in hippocampal slices and memory impairment induced by AβOs in mice. As a therapeutic approach for intracerebral antibody delivery, we developed an adeno-associated virus vector to drive neuronal expression of NUsc1 (AAV-NUsc1) within the brain. Transduction by AAV-NUsc1 induced NUsc1 expression and secretion in adult human brain slices and inhibited AβO binding to neurons and AβO-induced loss of dendritic spines in primary rat hippocampal cultures. Treatment of mice with AAV-NUsc1 prevented memory impairment induced by AβOs and, remarkably, reversed memory deficits in aged APPswe/PS1ΔE9 Alzheimer's disease model mice. These results support the feasibility of immunotherapy using viral vector-mediated gene delivery of NUsc1 or other AβO-specific single-chain antibodies as a potential therapeutic approach in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Clara Selles
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Juliana T S Fortuna
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Magali C Cercato
- Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad y Neurotoxinas, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Profesor Eduardo De Robertis," Universidad de Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina
| | - Luis Eduardo Santos
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Luciana Domett
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Andre L B Bitencourt
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Mariane Favero Carraro
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Amanda S Souza
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Helena Janickova
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology and Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5K8, Canada
| | - Caroline Vieira Azevedo
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Henrique Correia Campos
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Jorge M de Souza
- Division of Neurosurgery and Division of Neurology/Epilepsy Program, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Brazil
| | - Soniza Alves-Leon
- Division of Neurosurgery and Division of Neurology/Epilepsy Program, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Brazil
| | - Vania F Prado
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology and Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5K8, Canada
| | - Marco A M Prado
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology and Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5K8, Canada
| | - Alberto L Epstein
- UMR INSERM U1179-UVSQ, Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Anna Salvetti
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Beatriz Monteiro Longo
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ottavio Arancio
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - William L Klein
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Adriano Sebollela
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda G De Felice
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences & Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro 22281-100, Brazil
| | - Diana A Jerusalinsky
- Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad y Neurotoxinas, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Profesor Eduardo De Robertis," Universidad de Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina
| | - Sergio T Ferreira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro 22281-100, Brazil; Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-170, Brazil.
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16
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Kang BW, Kim F, Cho JY, Kim S, Rhee J, Choung JJ. Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor mirodenafil ameliorates Alzheimer-like pathology and symptoms by multimodal actions. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:92. [PMID: 35804462 PMCID: PMC9264543 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-01034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology is associated with complex interactions among multiple factors, involving an intertwined network of various signaling pathways. The polypharmacological approach is an emerging therapeutic strategy that has been proposed to overcome the multifactorial nature of AD by targeting multiple pathophysiological factors including amyloid-β (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau. We evaluated a blood-brain barrier penetrating phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, mirodenafil (5-ethyl-2-7-n-propyl-3,5-dihydrro-4H-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-one), for its therapeutic effects on AD with polypharmacological properties. Methods To evaluate the potential of mirodenafil as a disease-modifying AD agent, mirodenafil was administered to test its effects on the cognitive behaviors of the APP-C105 AD mouse model using the Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests. To investigate the mechanisms of action that underlie the beneficial disease-modifying effects of mirodenafil, human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and mouse hippocampal HT-22 cells were used to show mirodenafil-induced alterations associated with the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)/cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG)/cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) pathway, apoptotic cell death, tau phosphorylation, amyloidogenesis, the autophagy-lysosome pathway, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) transcriptional activity, and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Results Here, mirodenafil is demonstrated to improve cognitive behavior in the APP-C105 mouse model. Mirodenafil not only reduced the Aβ and phosphorylated tau burdens in vivo, but also ameliorated AD pathology induced by Aβ through the modulation of the cGMP/PKG/CREB signaling pathway, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) activity, GR transcriptional activity, and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling in neuronal cells. Interestingly, homodimerization and nuclear localization of GR were inhibited by mirodenafil, but not by other PDE5 inhibitors. In addition, only mirodenafil reduced the expression levels of the Wnt antagonist Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1), thus activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Conclusions These findings strongly suggest that the PDE5 inhibitor mirodenafil shows promise as a potential polypharmacological drug candidate for AD treatment, acting on multiple key signaling pathways involved in amyloid deposition, phosphorylated tau burden, the cGMP/PKG/CREB pathway, GSK-3β kinase activity, GR signaling, and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Mirodenafil administration to the APP-C105 AD mouse model also improved cognitive behavior, demonstrating the potential of mirodenafil as a polypharmacological AD therapeutic agent. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13195-022-01034-3.
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Tropea MR, Gulisano W, Vacanti V, Arancio O, Puzzo D, Palmeri A. Nitric oxide/cGMP/CREB pathway and amyloid-beta crosstalk: From physiology to Alzheimer's disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:657-668. [PMID: 36400326 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP pathway has been extensively studied for its pivotal role in synaptic plasticity and memory processes, resulting in an increase of cAMP response element-binding (CREB) phosphorylation, and consequent synthesis of plasticity-related proteins. The NO/cGMP/CREB signaling is downregulated during aging and neurodegenerative disorders and is affected by Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and tau protein, whose increase and deposition is considered the key pathogenic event of Alzheimer's disease (AD). On the other hand, in physiological conditions, the crosstalk between the NO/cGMP/PKG/CREB pathway and Aβ ensures long-term potentiation and memory formation. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the interaction between the NO/cGMP/PKG/CREB pathway and Aβ in the healthy and diseased brain, offering a new perspective to shed light on AD pathophysiology. We will focus on the synaptic mechanisms underlying Aβ physiological interplay with cGMP pathway and how this balance is corrupted in AD, as high levels of Aβ interfere with NO production and cGMP molecular signaling leading to cognitive impairment. Finally, we will discuss results from preclinical and clinical studies proposing the increase of cGMP signaling as a therapeutic strategy in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Tropea
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Walter Gulisano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Valeria Vacanti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Ottavio Arancio
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, USA; Department of Pathology & Cell Biology and Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Daniela Puzzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy; Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina (EN), 94018, Italy.
| | - Agostino Palmeri
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy
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18
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Jin SX, Liu L, Li S, Meunier AL, Selkoe DJ. Aβ oligomers from human brain impair mossy fiber LTP in CA3 of hippocampus, but activating cAMP-PKA and cGMP-PKG prevents this. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 172:105816. [PMID: 35820646 PMCID: PMC9809147 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Early cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease may result in part from synaptic dysfunction caused by the accumulation oligomeric assemblies of amyloid β-protein (Aβ). Changes in hippocampal function seem critical for cognitive impairment in early Alzheimer's disease (AD). Diffusible oligomers of Aβ (oAβ) have been shown to block canonical long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 area of hippocampus, but whether there is also a direct effect of oAβ on synaptic transmission and plasticity at synapses between mossy fibers (axons) from the dentate gyrus granule cells and CA3 pyramidal neurons (mf-CA3 synapses) is unknown. Studies in APP transgenic mice have suggested an age-dependent impairment of mossy fiber LTP. Here we report that although endogenous AD brain-derived soluble oAβ had no effect on mossy-fiber basal transmission, it strongly impaired paired-pulse facilitation in the mossy fiber pathway and presynaptic mossy fiber LTP (mf-LTP). Selective activation of both β1 and β2 adrenergic receptors and their downstream cAMP/PKA signaling pathway prevented oAβ-mediated inhibition of mf-LTP. Unexpectedly, activation of the cGMP/PKG signaling pathway also prevented oAβ-impaired mf-LTP. Our results reveal certain specific pharmacological targets to ameliorate human oAβ-mediated impairment at the mf-CA3 synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dennis J. Selkoe
- Corresponding author at: Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, Rm 10002Q, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America. (D.J. Selkoe)
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19
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Reich N, Hölscher C. The neuroprotective effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease: An in-depth review. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:970925. [PMID: 36117625 PMCID: PMC9475012 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.970925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is no disease-modifying treatment available for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease (AD and PD) and that includes the highly controversial approval of the Aβ-targeting antibody aducanumab for the treatment of AD. Hence, there is still an unmet need for a neuroprotective drug treatment in both AD and PD. Type 2 diabetes is a risk factor for both AD and PD. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a peptide hormone and growth factor that has shown neuroprotective effects in preclinical studies, and the success of GLP-1 mimetics in phase II clinical trials in AD and PD has raised new hope. GLP-1 mimetics are currently on the market as treatments for type 2 diabetes. GLP-1 analogs are safe, well tolerated, resistant to desensitization and well characterized in the clinic. Herein, we review the existing evidence and illustrate the neuroprotective pathways that are induced following GLP-1R activation in neurons, microglia and astrocytes. The latter include synaptic protection, improvements in cognition, learning and motor function, amyloid pathology-ameliorating properties (Aβ, Tau, and α-synuclein), the suppression of Ca2+ deregulation and ER stress, potent anti-inflammatory effects, the blockage of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis pathways, enhancements in the neuronal insulin sensitivity and energy metabolism, functional improvements in autophagy and mitophagy, elevated BDNF and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) synthesis as well as neurogenesis. The many beneficial features of GLP-1R and GLP-1/GIPR dual agonists encourage the development of novel drug treatments for AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Reich
- Biomedical and Life Sciences Division, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Niklas Reich,
| | - Christian Hölscher
- Neurology Department, Second Associated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhengzhou, China
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Lee DH, Lee JY, Hong DY, Lee EC, Park SW, Jo YN, Park YJ, Cho JY, Cho YJ, Chae SH, Lee MR, Oh JS. ROCK and PDE-5 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Dementia: Literature Review and Meta-Analysis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061348. [PMID: 35740369 PMCID: PMC9219677 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a disease in which memory, thought, and behavior-related disorders progress gradually due to brain damage caused by injury or disease. It is mainly caused by Alzheimer’s disease or vascular dementia and several other risk factors, including genetic factors. It is difficult to treat as its incidence continues to increase worldwide. Many studies have been performed concerning the treatment of this condition. Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) and phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) are attracting attention as pharmacological treatments to improve the symptoms. This review discusses how ROCK and PDE-5 affect Alzheimer’s disease, vascular restructuring, and exacerbation of neuroinflammation, and how their inhibition helps improve cognitive function. In addition, the results of the animal behavior analysis experiments utilizing the Morris water maze were compared through meta-analysis to analyze the effects of ROCK inhibitors and PDE-5 inhibitors on cognitive function. According to the selection criteria, 997 publications on ROCK and 1772 publications on PDE-5 were screened, and conclusions were drawn through meta-analysis. Both inhibitors showed good improvement in cognitive function tests, and what is expected of the synergy effect of the two drugs was confirmed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hun Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.Y.L.); (D.-Y.H.); (E.C.L.); (S.-W.P.)
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.Y.L.); (D.-Y.H.); (E.C.L.); (S.-W.P.)
| | - Dong-Yong Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.Y.L.); (D.-Y.H.); (E.C.L.); (S.-W.P.)
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Eun Chae Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.Y.L.); (D.-Y.H.); (E.C.L.); (S.-W.P.)
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Sang-Won Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.Y.L.); (D.-Y.H.); (E.C.L.); (S.-W.P.)
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Yu Na Jo
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (Y.N.J.); (Y.J.P.); (J.Y.C.); (Y.J.C.); (S.H.C.)
| | - Yu Jin Park
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (Y.N.J.); (Y.J.P.); (J.Y.C.); (Y.J.C.); (S.H.C.)
| | - Jae Young Cho
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (Y.N.J.); (Y.J.P.); (J.Y.C.); (Y.J.C.); (S.H.C.)
| | - Yoo Jin Cho
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (Y.N.J.); (Y.J.P.); (J.Y.C.); (Y.J.C.); (S.H.C.)
| | - Su Hyun Chae
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (Y.N.J.); (Y.J.P.); (J.Y.C.); (Y.J.C.); (S.H.C.)
| | - Man Ryul Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.R.L.); (J.S.O.)
| | - Jae Sang Oh
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.Y.L.); (D.-Y.H.); (E.C.L.); (S.-W.P.)
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.R.L.); (J.S.O.)
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21
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Roy M, Nath AK, Pal I, Dey SG. Second Sphere Interactions in Amyloidogenic Diseases. Chem Rev 2022; 122:12132-12206. [PMID: 35471949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Amyloids are protein aggregates bearing a highly ordered cross β structural motif, which may be functional but are mostly pathogenic. Their formation, deposition in tissues and consequent organ dysfunction is the central event in amyloidogenic diseases. Such protein aggregation may be brought about by conformational changes, and much attention has been directed toward factors like metal binding, post-translational modifications, mutations of protein etc., which eventually affect the reactivity and cytotoxicity of the associated proteins. Over the past decade, a global effort from different groups working on these misfolded/unfolded proteins/peptides has revealed that the amino acid residues in the second coordination sphere of the active sites of amyloidogenic proteins/peptides cause changes in H-bonding pattern or protein-protein interactions, which dramatically alter the structure and reactivity of these proteins/peptides. These second sphere effects not only determine the binding of transition metals and cofactors, which define the pathology of some of these diseases, but also change the mechanism of redox reactions catalyzed by these proteins/peptides and form the basis of oxidative damage associated with these amyloidogenic diseases. The present review seeks to discuss such second sphere modifications and their ramifications in the etiopathology of some representative amyloidogenic diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2Dm), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuparna Roy
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Arnab Kumar Nath
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Ishita Pal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Somdatta Ghosh Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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22
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Kaushik M, Kaushik P, Parvez S. Memory related molecular signatures: The pivots for memory consolidation and Alzheimer's related memory decline. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 76:101577. [PMID: 35104629 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Age-related cognitive decline is the major cause of concern due to its 70% more incidence than dementia cases worldwide. Moreover, aging is also the major risk factor of Alzheimer's disease (AD), associated with progressive memory loss. Approx. 13 million people will have Alzheimer-related memory decline by 2050. Learning and memory is the fundamental process of brain functions. However, the mechanism for the same is still under investigation. Thus, it is critical to understand the process of memory consolidation in the brain and extrapolate its understanding to the memory decline mechanism. Research on learning and memory has identified several molecular signatures such as Protein kinase M zeta (PKMζ), Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) and Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) crucial for the maintenance and stabilization of long-term memory in the brain. Interestingly, memory decline in AD has also been linked to the abnormality in expressing these memory-related molecular signatures. Hence, in the present consolidated review, we explored the role of these memory-related molecular signatures in long-term memory consolidation. Additionally, the effect of amyloid-beta toxicity on these molecular signatures is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medha Kaushik
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Pooja Kaushik
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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23
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miR-200a-3p Regulates PRKACB and Participates in Aluminium-Induced Tau Phosphorylation in PC12 Cells. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:1963-1978. [PMID: 36459375 PMCID: PMC9797464 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00609-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) is an environmental neurotoxin that humans are widely exposed to, but the molecular mechanism of its toxic effects is not fully understood. Many studies have shown that exposure to Al can cause abnormal phosphorylation of the tau protein that is believed as one of pathological features of Alzheimer's disease. Increasing evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) may be involved in the pathological processes of neurodegenerative diseases and are potential regulatory factors for related target genes. Phosphorylation at Ser-133 of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) is one of the major pathways of CREB activation, and phosphorylation at this site is controlled by protein kinase A (PKA). The catalytic subunit of PKA, cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta (PRKACB), phosphorylates CREB. The target gene prediction software TargetScan showed that PRKACB was one of the target mRNAs of miR-200a-3p. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether miR-200a-3p regulates the PKA/CREB pathway by targeting PRKACB and leads to abnormal phosphorylation of the tau protein in nerve cells. The results showed that Al exposure increased the expression level of miR-200a-3p, and miR-200a-3p increased the expression of targeted downregulated PRKACB, and then decreased the PKA/CREB signalling pathway activity, leading to abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau.
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24
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Kron NS, Fieber LA. Aplysia Neurons as a Model of Alzheimer's Disease: Shared Genes and Differential Expression. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 72:287-302. [PMID: 34664226 PMCID: PMC8840921 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01918-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the United States, development of therapeutics has proven difficult. Invertebrate alternatives to current mammalian AD models have been successfully employed to study the etiology of the molecular hallmarks of AD. The marine snail Aplysia californica offers a unique and underutilized system in which to study the physiological, behavioral, and molecular impacts of AD. Mapping of the Aplysia proteome to humans and cross-referencing with two databases of genes of interest in AD research identified 898 potential orthologs of interest in Aplysia. Included among these orthologs were alpha, beta and gamma secretases, amyloid-beta, and tau. Comparison of age-associated differential expression in Aplysia sensory neurons with that of late-onset AD in the frontal lobe identified 59 ortholog with concordant differential expression across data sets. The 21 concordantly upregulated genes suggested increased cellular stress and protein dyshomeostasis. The 47 concordantly downregulated genes included important components of diverse neuronal processes, including energy metabolism, mitochondrial homeostasis, synaptic signaling, Ca++ regulation, and cellular cargo transport. Compromised functions in these processes are known hallmarks of both human aging and AD, the ramifications of which are suggested to underpin cognitive declines in aging and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Kron
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL, 33149, USA.
| | - Lynne A Fieber
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
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25
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Liu Z, Liu Q, Zhang B, Liu Q, Fang L, Gou S. Blood-Brain Barrier Permeable and NO-Releasing Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment: Targeting NO/cGMP/CREB Signaling Pathways. J Med Chem 2021; 64:13853-13872. [PMID: 34517696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel therapeutic strategies for combating Alzheimer's disease (AD) is challenging but imperative. Multifunctional nanoparticles are promising tools for regulating complex pathological dysfunctions for AD treatment. Herein, we constructed multifunctional nanoparticles consisting of regadenoson (Reg), nitric oxide (NO) donor, and YC-1 in a single molecular entity that can spontaneously self-assemble into nanoparticles and load donepezil to yield Reg-nanoparticles (Reg-NPs). The Reg moiety enabled the Reg-NPs to effectively regulate tight junction-associated proteins in the blood-brain barrier, thus facilitating the permeation of donepezil through the barrier and its accumulation in the brain. Moreover, the released NO and YC-1 activated the NO/cGMP/CREB signaling pathway by stimulating soluble guanylyl cyclase and inhibiting phosphodiesterase activity, which finally reduced cytotoxicity induced by aggregated Aβ in the neurons and was beneficial for synaptic plasticity and memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikun Liu
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Lei Fang
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Shaohua Gou
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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26
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Saygisever K, Faikoglu G, Celik H, Ugur SA, Gokhan Akk A, Kelicen-Ug P, Ozyazgan S. Effect of Three PDEIs on Neuroprotective and Autophagy Proteins in vitro AD Model. INT J PHARMACOL 2021. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2021.169.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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27
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The effects of sildenafil on the hippocampal long-term potentiation in male rats. PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/phypha.26.2.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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28
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Siddiqui N, Ali J, Parvez S, Zameer S, Najmi AK, Akhtar M. Linagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, ameliorates Aβ (1-42) peptides induced neurodegeneration and brain insulin resistance (BIR) via insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) in rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropharmacology 2021; 195:108662. [PMID: 34119519 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most devastating neurodegenerative disorder, accounting over 46 million cases of dementia globally. Evidence supports that Brain Insulin Resistance (BIR) due to serine phosphorylation of Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 (IRS-1) has an association with AD. GLP-1 an incretin hormone, rapidly degraded by Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) has also confirmed its efficacious role in AD. Linagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor is hypothesized to increase GLP-1 level, which then crosses Blood Brain Barrier (BBB), decreases Amyloid-beta (Aβ) and insulin resistance in hippocampus. Thus, the present study was designed to evaluate Linagliptin in Aβ (1-42) peptides induced rat model of AD. Following 1 week of induction, rats were administered with Linagliptin (0.513 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, and 5 mg/kg) orally for 8 weeks and donepezil (5 mg/kg) as a reference standard. At the end of scheduled treatment neurobehavioral parameters were assessed. After this, rats were sacrificed, hippocampus was isolated from the whole brain for histopathological analysis and biochemical parameters estimation. Linagliptin dose-dependently and significantly reversed motor and cognitive impairment, assessed through locomotor activity (LA) and Morris water maze (MWM) test respectively. Moreover, Linagliptin augmented GLP-1 level and attenuated soluble Aβ (1-42), IRS-1 (s307), GSK-3β, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, AchE and oxidative/nitrosative stress level in hippocampus. H&E and Congo red staining also exhibited neuroprotective and anti-amylodogenic effect respectively. Our study findings implies the significant effect of Linagliptin in reversing the behavioural and biochemical deficits by altering Aβ (1-42) and BIR via IRS-1 confirming one of the mechanism underlying the pathophysiology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Siddiqui
- Pharmaceutical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Saima Zameer
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Abul Kalam Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mohd Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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29
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Gorny N, Kelly MP. Alterations in cyclic nucleotide signaling are implicated in healthy aging and age-related pathologies of the brain. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 115:265-316. [PMID: 33706951 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It is not only important to consider how hormones may change with age, but also how downstream signaling pathways that couple to hormone receptors may change. Among these hormone-coupled signaling pathways are the 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) intracellular second messenger cascades. Here, we test the hypothesis that dysfunction of cAMP and/or cGMP synthesis, execution, and/or degradation occurs in the brain during healthy and pathological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. Although most studies report lower cyclic nucleotide signaling in the aged brain, with further reductions noted in the context of age-related diseases, there are select examples where cAMP signaling may be elevated in select tissues. Thus, therapeutics would need to target cAMP/cGMP in a tissue-specific manner if efficacy for select symptoms is to be achieved without worsening others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Gorny
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Michy P Kelly
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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30
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Puzzo D, Argyrousi EK, Staniszewski A, Zhang H, Calcagno E, Zuccarello E, Acquarone E, Fa' M, Li Puma DD, Grassi C, D'Adamio L, Kanaan NM, Fraser PE, Arancio O. Tau is not necessary for amyloid-β-induced synaptic and memory impairments. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:4831-4844. [PMID: 32544084 DOI: 10.1172/jci137040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid hypothesis posits that the amyloid-beta (Aβ) protein precedes and requires microtubule-associated protein tau in a sort of trigger-bullet mechanism leading to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. This sequence of events has become dogmatic in the AD field and is used to explain clinical trial failures due to a late start of the intervention when Aβ already activated tau. Here, using a multidisciplinary approach combining molecular biological, biochemical, histopathological, electrophysiological, and behavioral methods, we demonstrated that tau suppression did not protect against Aβ-induced damage of long-term synaptic plasticity and memory, or from amyloid deposition. Tau suppression could even unravel a defect in basal synaptic transmission in a mouse model of amyloid deposition. Similarly, tau suppression did not protect against exogenous oligomeric tau-induced impairment of long-term synaptic plasticity and memory. The protective effect of tau suppression was, in turn, confined to short-term plasticity and memory. Taken together, our data suggest that therapies downstream of Aβ and tau together are more suitable to combat AD than therapies against one or the other alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Puzzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | - Elentina K Argyrousi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, and.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Agnieszka Staniszewski
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, and.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, and.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Elisa Calcagno
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, and.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Elisa Zuccarello
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, and.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Erica Acquarone
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, and.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mauro Fa'
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, and.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Domenica D Li Puma
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano D'Adamio
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nicholas M Kanaan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Paul E Fraser
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ottavio Arancio
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, and.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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31
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Izzo NJ, Yuede CM, LaBarbera KM, Limegrover CS, Rehak C, Yurko R, Waybright L, Look G, Rishton G, Safferstein H, Hamby ME, Williams C, Sadlek K, Edwards HM, Davis CS, Grundman M, Schneider LS, DeKosky ST, Chelsky D, Pike I, Henstridge C, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, LeVine H, Spires-Jones TL, Cirrito JR, Catalano SM. Preclinical and clinical biomarker studies of CT1812: A novel approach to Alzheimer's disease modification. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 17:1365-1382. [PMID: 33559354 PMCID: PMC8349378 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amyloid beta (Aβ) oligomers are one of the most toxic structural forms of the Aβ protein and are hypothesized to cause synaptotoxicity and memory failure as they build up in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients' brain tissue. We previously demonstrated that antagonists of the sigma-2 receptor complex effectively block Aβ oligomer toxicity. CT1812 is an orally bioavailable, brain penetrant small molecule antagonist of the sigma-2 receptor complex that appears safe and well tolerated in healthy elderly volunteers. We tested CT1812's effect on Aβ oligomer pathobiology in preclinical AD models and evaluated CT1812's impact on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein biomarkers in mild to moderate AD patients in a clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02907567). METHODS Experiments were performed to measure the impact of CT1812 versus vehicle on Aβ oligomer binding to synapses in vitro, to human AD patient post mortem brain tissue ex vivo, and in living APPSwe /PS1dE9 transgenic mice in vivo. Additional experiments were performed to measure the impact of CT1812 versus vehicle on Aβ oligomer-induced deficits in membrane trafficking rate, synapse number, and protein expression in mature hippocampal/cortical neurons in vitro. The impact of CT1812 on cognitive function was measured in transgenic Thy1 huAPPSwe/Lnd+ and wild-type littermates. A multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel group trial was performed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and impact on protein biomarker expression of CT1812 or placebo given once daily for 28 days to AD patients (Mini-Mental State Examination 18-26). CSF protein expression was measured by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in samples drawn prior to dosing (Day 0) and at end of dosing (Day 28) and compared within each patient and between pooled treated versus placebo-treated dosing groups. RESULTS CT1812 significantly and dose-dependently displaced Aβ oligomers bound to synaptic receptors in three independent preclinical models of AD, facilitated oligomer clearance into the CSF, increased synaptic number and protein expression in neurons, and improved cognitive performance in transgenic mice. CT1812 significantly increased CSF concentrations of Aβ oligomers in AD patient CSF, reduced concentrations of synaptic proteins and phosphorylated tau fragments, and reversed expression of many AD-related proteins dysregulated in CSF. DISCUSSION These preclinical studies demonstrate the novel disease-modifying mechanism of action of CT1812 against AD and Aβ oligomers. The clinical results are consistent with preclinical data and provide evidence of target engagement and impact on fundamental disease-related signaling pathways in AD patients, supporting further development of CT1812.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Courtney Rehak
- Cognition Therapeutics Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Raymond Yurko
- Cognition Therapeutics Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lora Waybright
- Cognition Therapeutics Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gary Look
- Cognition Therapeutics Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Mary E Hamby
- Cognition Therapeutics Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Kelsey Sadlek
- Cognition Therapeutics Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Michael Grundman
- Global R&D Partners, San Diego, California, USA.,University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Lon S Schneider
- Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Steven T DeKosky
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kaj Blennow
- University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Harry LeVine
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Su M, Gong X, Liu F. An update on the emerging approaches for histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor drug discovery and future perspectives. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 16:745-761. [PMID: 33530771 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1877656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION HDACs catalyze the removal of acetyl groups from the ε-N-acetylated lysine residues of various protein substrates including both histone and nonhistone proteins. Different HDACs have distinct biological functions and are recruited to specific regions of the genome. HDAC inhibitors have attracted much attention in recent decades; indeed, there have been more than thirty HDAC inhibitors investigated in clinic trials with five approvals being achieved. AREAS COVERED This review covers the emerging approaches for HDAC inhibitor drug discovery from the past five years and includes discussion of structure-based rational design, isoform selectivity, and dual mechanism/multi-targeting. Chemical structures in addition to the in vitro and in vivo inhibiting activity of these compounds have also been discussed. EXPERT OPINION The exact role and biological functions of HDACs is still under investigation with a variety of HDAC inhibitors having been designed and evaluated. HDAC inhibitors have shown promise in treating cancer, AD, metabolic disease, viral infection, and multiple sclerosis, but there is still a lot of room for clinical improvement. In the future, more efforts should be put into (i) HDAC isoform identification (ii) the optimization of selectivity, activity, and pharmacokinetics; and (iii) unconventional approaches for discovering different effective scaffolds and pharmacophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Xingyu Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Feng Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
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TDP-43 interacts with amyloid-β, inhibits fibrillization, and worsens pathology in a model of Alzheimer's disease. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5950. [PMID: 33230138 PMCID: PMC7683652 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19786-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
TDP-43 inclusions are found in many Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients presenting faster disease progression and greater brain atrophy. Previously, we showed full-length TDP-43 forms spherical oligomers and perturbs amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrillization. To elucidate the role of TDP-43 in AD, here, we examined the effect of TDP-43 in Aβ aggregation and the attributed toxicity in mouse models. We found TDP-43 inhibited Aβ fibrillization at initial and oligomeric stages. Aβ fibrillization was delayed specifically in the presence of N-terminal domain containing TDP-43 variants, while C-terminal TDP-43 was not essential for Aβ interaction. TDP-43 significantly enhanced Aβ’s ability to impair long-term potentiation and, upon intrahippocampal injection, caused spatial memory deficit. Following injection to AD transgenic mice, TDP-43 induced inflammation, interacted with Aβ, and exacerbated AD-like pathology. TDP-43 oligomers mostly colocalized with intracellular Aβ in the brain of AD patients. We conclude that TDP-43 inhibits Aβ fibrillization through its interaction with Aβ and exacerbates AD pathology. TDP-43 inclusions are observed in Alzheimer’s disease. Here the authors show that TDP-43 interacts with amyloid-β and inhibits fibrillization in vitro and exacerbates Alzheimer’s disease pathology in animal models.
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Intermingling of gut microbiota with brain: Exploring the role of probiotics in battle against depressive disorders. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109489. [PMID: 33233143 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a debilitating psychiatric ailment which exerts disastrous effects on one's mental and physical health. Depression is accountable for augmentation of various life-threatening maladies such as neurodegenerative anomalies, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Depressive episodes are recurrent, pose a negative impact on life quality, decline life expectancy and enhance suicidal tendencies. Anti-depression chemotherapy displays marked adverse effects and frequent relapses. Thus, newer therapeutic interventions to prevent or combat depression are desperately required. Discovery of gut microbes as our mutualistic partner was made a long time ago and it is surprising that their functions still continue to expand and as of yet many are still to be uncovered. Experimental studies have revealed astonishing role of gut commensals in gut-brain signaling, immune homeostasis and hormonal regulation. Now, it is a well-established fact that gut microbes can alleviate stress or depression associated symptoms by modulating brain functions. Here in, we provide an overview of physiological alleyways involved in cross-talk between gut and brain, part played by probiotics in regulation of these pathways and use of probiotic bacteria as psychobiotics in various mental or depressive disorders.
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Sanders O, Rajagopal L. Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials and Epidemiology with a Mechanistic Rationale. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2020; 4:185-215. [PMID: 32715279 PMCID: PMC7369141 DOI: 10.3233/adr-200191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical studies, clinical trials, and reviews suggest increasing 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) with phosphodiesterase inhibitors is disease-modifying in Alzheimer's disease (AD). cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) and cGMP/protein kinase G (PKG) signaling are disrupted in AD. cAMP/PKA and cGMP/PKG activate cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). CREB binds mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, inducing synaptogenesis, memory, and neuronal survival gene (e.g., brain-derived neurotrophic factor) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC1α). cAMP/PKA and cGMP/PKG activate Sirtuin-1, which activates PGC1α. PGC1α induces mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant genes (e.g.,Nrf2) and represses BACE1. cAMP and cGMP inhibit BACE1-inducing NFκB and tau-phosphorylating GSK3β. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS We review efficacy-testing clinical trials, epidemiology, and meta-analyses to critically investigate whether phosphodiesteraseinhibitors prevent or treat AD. RESULTS Caffeine and cilostazol may lower AD risk. Denbufylline and sildenafil clinical trials are promising but preliminary and inconclusive. PF-04447943 and BI 409,306 are ineffective. Vinpocetine, cilostazol, and nicergoline trials are mixed. Deprenyl/selegiline trials show only short-term benefits. Broad-spectrum phosphodiesterase inhibitor propentofylline has been shown in five phase III trials to improve cognition, dementia severity, activities of daily living, and global assessment in mild-to-moderate AD patients on multiple scales, including the ADAS-Cogand the CIBIC-Plus in an 18-month phase III clinical trial. However, two books claimed based on a MedScape article an 18-month phase III trial failed, so propentofylline was discontinued. Now, propentofylline is used to treat canine cognitive dysfunction, which, like AD, involves age-associated wild-type Aβ deposition. CONCLUSION Phosphodiesterase inhibitors may prevent and treat AD.
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Liu T, Wan Y, Xiao Y, Xia C, Duan G. Dual-Target Inhibitors Based on HDACs: Novel Antitumor Agents for Cancer Therapy. J Med Chem 2020; 63:8977-9002. [PMID: 32320239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play an important role in regulating target gene expression. They have been highlighted as a novel category of anticancer targets, and their inhibition can induce apoptosis, differentiation, and growth arrest in cancer cells. In view of the fact that HDAC inhibitors and other antitumor agents, such as BET inhibitors, topoisomerase inhibitors, and RTK pathway inhibitors, exert a synergistic effect on cellular processes in cancer cells, the combined inhibition of two targets is regarded as a rational strategy to improve the effectiveness of these single-target drugs for cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss the theoretical basis for designing HDAC-involved dual-target drugs and provide insight into the structure-activity relationships of these dual-target agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, Shandong, China
| | - Yichao Wan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, Hunan, China
| | - Yuliang Xiao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, Shandong, China
| | - Chengcai Xia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, Shandong, China
| | - Guiyun Duan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, Shandong, China
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Abstract
Nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling is compromised in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5), which degrades cGMP, is upregulated. Sildenafil inhibits PDE5 and increases cGMP levels. Integrating previous findings, we determine that most doses of sildenafil (especially low doses) likely activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α) via protein kinase G-mediated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation and/or Sirtuin-1 activation and PGC1α deacetylation. Via PGC1α signaling, low-dose sildenafil likely suppresses β-secretase 1 expression and amyloid-β (Aβ) generation, upregulates antioxidant enzymes, and induces mitochondrial biogenesis. Plus, sildenafil should increase brain perfusion, insulin sensitivity, long-term potentiation, and neurogenesis while suppressing neural apoptosis and inflammation. A systematic review of sildenafil in AD was undertaken. In vitro, sildenafil protected neural mitochondria from Aβ and advanced glycation end products. In transgenic AD mice, sildenafil was found to rescue deficits in CREB phosphorylation and memory, upregulate brain-derived neurotrophic factor, reduce reactive astrocytes and microglia, decrease interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, decrease neural apoptosis, increase neurogenesis, and reduce tau hyperphosphorylation. All studies that tested Aβ levels reported significant improvements except the two that used the highest dosage, consistent with the dose-limiting effect of cGMP-induced phosphodiesterase 2 (PDE2) activation and cAMP depletion on PGC1α signaling. In AD patients, a single dose of sildenafil decreased spontaneous neural activity, increased cerebral blood flow, and increased the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen. A randomized control trial of sildenafil (ideally with a PDE2 inhibitor) in AD patients is warranted.
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Li C, Liu W, Li X, Zhang Z, Qi H, Liu S, Yan N, Xing Y, Hölscher C, Wang Z. The novel GLP-1/GIP analogue DA5-CH reduces tau phosphorylation and normalizes theta rhythm in the icv. STZ rat model of AD. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01505. [PMID: 31960630 PMCID: PMC7066337 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disease for which there is no cure. Recent studies have shown a close link between type 2 diabetes and AD, which suggested that drugs for type 2 diabetes may be effective for AD. GLP-1 and GIP are incretin hormones that can ameliorate diabetes. METHODS In the present study, we tested the novel dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist DA5-CH in the icv. streptozotocin (STZ)-induced insulin desensitization model of AD in rats to explore the protective effects of DA5-CH. RESULTS The results show that DA5-CH could reverse the STZ-induced working memory impairments in a Y-maze tests, and spatial memory impairments in the water maze task, and decrease the levels of phosphorylated tauS396 protein in the hippocampus. In EEG recordings, STZ treatment diminished the power of the theta band frequency. DA5-CH was able to increase the energy of theta band activity in the hippocampal CA1 region. The drug also increased the expression of synapse-related proteins in the hippocampus. After DA5-CH treatment, mitochondrial stress was alleviated as shown by the improved ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 in the hippocampus. Growth factor signaling was also normalized as shown by the increased level of the transcription factor P-CREBS133 . In addition, we were able to show that DA5-CH can cross the blood-brain barrier at an increased rate compared with other dual GLP-1/GIP or single GLP-1 receptor agonists. CONCLUSION Therefore, our results demonstrate that DA5-CH has neuroprotective effects in the STZ-induced animal model and that DA5-CH has potential to treat neurodegenerative disorders such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- Department of Physiology and NeurobiologySchool of MedicineZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanPR China
| | - Weizhen Liu
- Department of Physiology and NeurobiologySchool of MedicineZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanPR China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Physiology and NeurobiologySchool of MedicineZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanPR China
| | - Zijuan Zhang
- Department of Physiology and NeurobiologySchool of MedicineZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanPR China
| | - Huaxin Qi
- Department of Physiology and NeurobiologySchool of MedicineZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanPR China
| | - Shijin Liu
- Department of Physiology and NeurobiologySchool of MedicineZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanPR China
| | - Ningning Yan
- Department of Physiology and NeurobiologySchool of MedicineZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanPR China
| | - Ying Xing
- Department of Physiology and NeurobiologySchool of MedicineZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanPR China
| | - Christian Hölscher
- Research and Experimental CenterHenan University of Chinese MedicineZhengzhouHenanPR China
| | - Zhiju Wang
- Department of Physiology and NeurobiologySchool of MedicineZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanPR China
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Zuccarello E, Acquarone E, Calcagno E, Argyrousi EK, Deng SX, Landry DW, Arancio O, Fiorito J. Development of novel phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for the therapy of Alzheimer's disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 176:113818. [PMID: 31978378 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous molecule that plays a multifactorial role in several cellular processes. In the central nervous system, the NO dual nature in neuroprotection and neurotoxicity has been explored to unveil its involvement in Alzheimer's disease (AD). A growing body of research shows that the activation of the NO signaling pathway leading to the phosphorylation of the transcription factor cyclic adenine monophosphate responsive element binding protein (CREB) (so-called NO/cGMP/PKG/CREB signaling pathway) ameliorates altered neuroplasticity and memory deficits in AD animal models. In addition to NO donors, several other pharmacological agents, such as phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors have been used to activate the pathway and rescue memory disorders. PDE5 inhibitors, including sildenafil, tadalafil and vardenafil, are marketed for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and arterial pulmonary hypertension due to their vasodilatory properties. The ability of PDE5 inhibitors to interfere with the NO/cGMP/PKG/CREB signaling pathway by increasing the levels of cGMP has prompted the hypothesis that PDE5 inhibition might be used as an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AD. To this end, newly designed PDE5 inhibitors belonging to different chemical classes with improved pharmacologic profile (e.g. higher potency, improved selectivity, and blood-brain barrier penetration) have been synthesized and evaluated in several animal models of AD. In addition, recent medicinal chemistry effort has led to the development of agents concurrently acting on the PDE5 enzyme and a second target involved in AD. Both marketed and investigational PDE5 inhibitors have shown to reverse cognitive defects in young and aged wild type mice as well as transgenic mouse models of AD and tauopathy using a variety of behavioral tasks. These studies confirmed the therapeutic potential of PDE5 inhibitors as cognitive enhancers. However, clinical studies assessing cognitive functions using marketed PDE5 inhibitors have not been conclusive. Drug discovery efforts by our group and others are currently directed towards the development of novel PDE5 inhibitors tailored to AD with improved pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties. In summary, the present perspective reports an overview of the correlation between the NO signaling and AD, as well as an outline of the PDE5 inhibitors used as an alternative approach in altering the NO pathway leading to an improvement of learning and memory. The last two sections describe the preclinical and clinical evaluation of PDE5 inhibitors for the treatment of AD, providing a comprehensive analysis of the current status of the AD drug discovery efforts involving PDE5 as a new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Zuccarello
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Erica Acquarone
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Elisa Calcagno
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Elentina K Argyrousi
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shi-Xian Deng
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Donald W Landry
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ottavio Arancio
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Jole Fiorito
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY, United States.
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Evans PD. Aldosterone, STX and amyloid-β 1-42 peptides modulate GPER (GPR30) signalling in an embryonic mouse hippocampal cell line (mHippoE-18). Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 496:110537. [PMID: 31404576 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The GPCR, GPER, mediates many of the rapid, non-genomic actions of 17β-estradiol in multiple tissues, including the nervous system. Controversially, it has also been suggested to be activated by aldosterone, and by the non-steroidal diphenylacrylamide compound, STX, in some preparations. Here, the ability of the GPER agonist, G-1, and aldosterone in the presence of the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, eplerenone, to potentiate forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP levels in the hippocampal clonal cell line, mHippoE-18, are compared. Both stimulatory effects are blocked by the GPER antagonist G36, by PTX, (suggesting the involvement of Gi/o G proteins), by BAPTA-AM, (suggesting they are calcium sensitive), by wortmannin (suggesting an involvement of PI3Kinase) and by soluble amyloid-β peptides. STX also stimulates cyclic AMP levels in mHippoE-18 cells and these effects are blocked by G36 and PTX, as well as by amyloid-β peptides. This suggests that both aldosterone and STX may modulate GPER signalling in mHippoE-18 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Evans
- The Signalling Laboratory, The Babraham Institute, The Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.
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Liu L, Xu H, Ding S, Wang D, Song G, Huang X. Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors as novel agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res Bull 2019; 153:223-231. [PMID: 31493542 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by a progressive impairment of memory and cognition, is a major health problem in both developing and developed countries. Currently, no drugs can reverse the progression of AD. Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) is a critical component of the cyclic guanosine monophosphate/protein kinase G (cGMP/PKG) signaling pathway in neurons, the inhibition of which has produced neuroprotective effects, and PDE5 inhibitors have recently been thought to be potential therapeutic agents for AD. In this paper, we summarized the outstanding progress that has been made in PDE5 inhibitors as anti-AD agents with encouraging results in animal studies, clinical trials and the investigations on the underlying mechanisms. The novel PDE5 inhibitors reported recently in the treatment of AD were also reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Huang Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Shumin Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Dongyan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Guoqiang Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China.
| | - Xianfeng Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China.
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Gulisano W, Melone M, Ripoli C, Tropea MR, Li Puma DD, Giunta S, Cocco S, Marcotulli D, Origlia N, Palmeri A, Arancio O, Conti F, Grassi C, Puzzo D. Neuromodulatory Action of Picomolar Extracellular Aβ42 Oligomers on Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Mechanisms Underlying Synaptic Function and Memory. J Neurosci 2019; 39:5986-6000. [PMID: 31127002 PMCID: PMC6650983 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0163-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Failure of anti-amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) therapies against Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by high amounts of the peptide in the brain, raised the question of the physiological role of Aβ released at low concentrations in the healthy brain. To address this question, we studied the presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms underlying the neuromodulatory action of picomolar amounts of oligomeric Aβ42 (oAβ42) on synaptic glutamatergic function in male and female mice. We found that 200 pm oAβ42 induces an increase of frequency of miniature EPSCs and a decrease of paired pulse facilitation, associated with an increase in docked vesicle number, indicating that it augments neurotransmitter release at presynaptic level. oAβ42 also produced postsynaptic changes as shown by an increased length of postsynaptic density, accompanied by an increased expression of plasticity-related proteins such as cAMP-responsive element binding protein phosphorylated at Ser133, calcium-calmodulin-dependent kinase II phosphorylated at Thr286, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, suggesting a role for Aβ in synaptic tagging. These changes resulted in the conversion of early into late long-term potentiation through the nitric oxide/cGMP/protein kinase G intracellular cascade consistent with a cGMP-dependent switch from short- to long-term memory observed in vivo after intrahippocampal administration of picomolar amounts of oAβ42 These effects were present upon extracellular but not intracellular application of the peptide and involved α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. These observations clarified the physiological role of oAβ42 in synaptic function and memory formation providing solid fundamentals for investigating the pathological effects of high Aβ levels in the AD brains.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT High levels of oligomeric amyloid-β42 (oAβ42) induce synaptic dysfunction leading to memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, at picomolar concentrations, the peptide is needed to ensure long-term potentiation (LTP) and memory. Here, we show that extracellular 200 pm oAβ42 concentrations increase neurotransmitter release, number of docked vesicles, postsynaptic density length, and expression of plasticity-related proteins leading to the conversion of early LTP into late LTP and of short-term memory into long-term memory. These effects require α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and are mediated through the nitric oxide/cGMP/protein kinase G pathway. The knowledge of Aβ function in the healthy brain might be useful to understand the causes leading to its increase and detrimental effect in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Gulisano
- Department Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Marcello Melone
- Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60020, Italy
- Center for Neurobiology of Aging, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura Anziani (INRCA), Ancona 60020, Italy
| | - Cristian Ripoli
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Tropea
- Department Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Domenica D Li Puma
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Salvatore Giunta
- Department Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Sara Cocco
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Daniele Marcotulli
- Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60020, Italy
| | - Nicola Origlia
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council, Pisa 56100, Italy
| | - Agostino Palmeri
- Department Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Ottavio Arancio
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
| | - Fiorenzo Conti
- Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60020, Italy
- Center for Neurobiology of Aging, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura Anziani (INRCA), Ancona 60020, Italy
- Foundation for Molecular Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60020, Italy, and
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Daniela Puzzo
- Department Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy,
- Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, 94018, Italy
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Khorasani A, Abbasnejad M, Esmaeili-Mahani S. Phytohormone abscisic acid ameliorates cognitive impairments in streptozotocin-induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease through PPARβ/δ and PKA signaling. Int J Neurosci 2019; 129:1053-1065. [PMID: 31215291 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1634067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and progressive cognitive decline. Abscisic acid (ABA) is produced in a variety of mammalian tissues, including brain. It has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and elicits a positive effect on spatial learning and memory performance. Here, the possible protective effect of ABA was evaluated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced AD rat model which were injected intracerebroventriculary (i.c.v.) with STZ (3 mg/kg). Material and Methods: The STZ-treated animals received ABA (10 μg/rat, i.c.v.), ABA plus PPARβ/δ receptor antagonist (GSK0660, 80 nM/rat) or ABA plus selective inhibitor of PKA (KT5720, 0.5 μg/rat) for 14 d. Learning and memory were determined using Morris water maze (MWM) and passive avoidance (PA) tests. Results: The data showed that STZ produced a significant learning and memory deficit in both MWM and PA tests. ABA significantly prevented the learning and memory impairment in STZ-treated rats. However, ABA effects were blocked by GSK0660 and KT5720. Conclusion: The data indicated that ABA attenuates STZ-induced learning and memory impairment and PPAR-β/δ receptors and PKA signaling are involved, at least in part, in the ABA mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khorasani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman , Kerman , Iran.,Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Kerman Neuroscience Research Center (KNRC), Institute of neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman , Iran
| | - Mehdi Abbasnejad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman , Kerman , Iran.,Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Kerman Neuroscience Research Center (KNRC), Institute of neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman , Iran
| | - Saeed Esmaeili-Mahani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman , Kerman , Iran.,Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Kerman Neuroscience Research Center (KNRC), Institute of neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman , Iran
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Acquarone E, Argyrousi EK, van den Berg M, Gulisano W, Fà M, Staniszewski A, Calcagno E, Zuccarello E, D’Adamio L, Deng SX, Puzzo D, Arancio O, Fiorito J. Synaptic and memory dysfunction induced by tau oligomers is rescued by up-regulation of the nitric oxide cascade. Mol Neurodegener 2019; 14:26. [PMID: 31248451 PMCID: PMC6598340 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-019-0326-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soluble aggregates of oligomeric forms of tau protein (oTau) have been associated with impairment of synaptic plasticity and memory in Alzheimer's disease. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the synaptic and memory dysfunction induced by elevation of oTau are still unknown. METHODS This work used a combination of biochemical, electrophysiological and behavioral techniques. Biochemical methods included analysis of phosphorylation of the cAMP-responsive element binding (CREB) protein, a transcriptional factor involved in memory, histone acetylation, and expression immediate early genes c-Fos and Arc. Electrophysiological methods included assessment of long-term potentiation (LTP), a type of synaptic plasticity thought to underlie memory formation. Behavioral studies investigated both short-term spatial memory and associative memory. These phenomena were examined following oTau elevation. RESULTS Levels of phospho-CREB, histone 3 acetylation at lysine 27, and immediate early genes c-Fos and Arc, were found to be reduced after oTau elevation during memory formation. These findings led us to explore whether up-regulation of various components of the nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway impinging onto CREB is capable of rescuing oTau-induced impairment of plasticity, memory, and CREB phosphorylation. The increase of NO levels protected against oTau-induced impairment of LTP through activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase. Similarly, the elevation of cGMP levels and stimulation of the cGMP-dependent protein kinases (PKG) re-established normal LTP after exposure to oTau. Pharmacological inhibition of cGMP degradation through inhibition of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5), rescued oTau-induced LTP reduction. These findings could be extrapolated to memory because PKG activation and PDE5 inhibition rescued oTau-induced memory impairment. Finally, PDE5 inhibition re-established normal elevation of CREB phosphorylation and cGMP levels after memory induction in the presence of oTau. CONCLUSIONS Up-regulation of CREB activation through agents acting on the NO cascade might be beneficial against tau-induced synaptic and memory dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Acquarone
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, 630 West 168th Street, P&S 12-420D, New York, NY 10032 USA
- DiMi Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Elentina K. Argyrousi
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, 630 West 168th Street, P&S 12-420D, New York, NY 10032 USA
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Manon van den Berg
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, 630 West 168th Street, P&S 12-420D, New York, NY 10032 USA
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Walter Gulisano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Mauro Fà
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, 630 West 168th Street, P&S 12-420D, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Agnieszka Staniszewski
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, 630 West 168th Street, P&S 12-420D, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Elisa Calcagno
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, 630 West 168th Street, P&S 12-420D, New York, NY 10032 USA
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of General Pathology, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Elisa Zuccarello
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, 630 West 168th Street, P&S 12-420D, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Luciano D’Adamio
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ USA
| | - Shi-Xian Deng
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Daniela Puzzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
| | - Ottavio Arancio
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, 630 West 168th Street, P&S 12-420D, New York, NY 10032 USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Jole Fiorito
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, 630 West 168th Street, P&S 12-420D, New York, NY 10032 USA
- Department of Life Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Northern Boulevard P.O. Box 8000, Theobald Science Center, room 425, Old Westbury, NY 11568 USA
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Mehan S, Monga V, Rani M, Dudi R, Ghimire K. Neuroprotective effect of solanesol against 3-nitropropionic acid-induced Huntington's disease-like behavioral, biochemical, and cellular alterations: Restoration of coenzyme-Q10-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. Indian J Pharmacol 2019; 50:309-319. [PMID: 30783323 PMCID: PMC6364342 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_11_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the solanesol (SNL)-mediated coenzyme-Q10 restoration to ameliorate 3-nitropropionic (3-NP)-induced behavioral, biochemical, and histological changes which resemble Huntington's disease (HD)-like symptoms in men. MATERIALS AND METHODS Various behavioral and biochemical parameters were carried out to evaluate the activity of SNL on 3-NP-treated rats. To determine the therapeutic significance of SNL on HD, different behavioral tests such as memory task, locomotor activity, grip strength, and beam cross and some biochemical test along with histopathological findings were done. RESULTS Chronic 3-NP, 10 mg/kg i.p., caused physical and mental abnormalities in animals, including memory impairment, weak grip strength, abnormal posture, and cognitive deficit. Biochemical analysis of brain homogenate in 3-NP-treated rats showed altered mitochondrial complexes, oxidative stress, and elevated lipid biomarkers. Neurohistological alterations of hippocampus, basal ganglia, and cerebral cortex of 3-NP-treated rats exhibit severe neuronal space, irregular damaged cells, and dense pyknotic nuclei-associated marked focal diffused gliosis. SNL administered for 15 days significantly improved motor performance and cognitive behavior task and restored the histopathological changes. Further, SNL treatment significantly improved mitochondrial complexes such as coenzyme-Q10 enzyme activity and attenuated inflammatory and oxidative damage of rat brain. CONCLUSION In the present research work, SNL (5, 10, and 15 mg/kg p.o.) provided notable neuroprotective effect, which was confirmed by behavioral paradigms and biochemical test. It restored the behavioral and biochemical alteration caused by 3-NP and confirmed the strong neuroprotective mechanism of SNL in 3-NP-intoxicated memory and cognitive abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidharth Mehan
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Vikramdeep Monga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Manju Rani
- Department of Pharmacology, Rajendra Institute of Technology and Sciences, Sirsa, Haryana, India
| | - Rajesh Dudi
- Department of Pharmacology, Rajendra Institute of Technology and Sciences, Sirsa, Haryana, India
| | - Krishna Ghimire
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, PDM University, Bahadurgarh, Haryana, India
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Tamano H, Takiguchi M, Shimaya R, Adlard PA, Bush AI, Takeda A. Extracellular Zn 2+-independently attenuated LTP by human amyloid β 1-40 and rat amyloid β 1-42. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:888-892. [PMID: 31084925 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human amyloid-β1-40 (Aβ1-40) and rat Aβ1-42 have lower affinity for extracellular Zn2+ than human Aβ1-42. Here we report extracellular Zn2+-independent attenuation of dentate gyrus long-term potentiation (LTP) by human Aβ1-40 and rat Aβ1-42. On the basis of the data that dentate gyrus LTP is extracellular Zn2+-dependently attenuated after local injection of human Aβ1-42 (25 pmol, 1 μl) into the dentate gyrus, which increases intracellular Zn2+ in the dentate gyrus, the toxicity of human Aβ1-40 and rat Aβ1-42 was compared in the in vivo system with human Aβ1-42. Dentate gyrus LTP was attenuated after injection of human Aβ1-40 and rat Aβ1-42 (25 pmol, 1 μl) into the dentate gyrus, which did not increase intracellular Zn2+ in the dentate gyrus. The attenuated LTP was not rescued by co-injection of CaEDTA, an extracellular Zn2+ chelator. The present study suggests that human Aβ1-40 and rat Aβ1-42 affect cognitive activity via extracellular Zn2+-independent mechanism at low micromolar concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Tamano
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Mako Takiguchi
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Ryota Shimaya
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Paul A Adlard
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Atsushi Takeda
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
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Bartolotti N, Lazarov O. CREB signals as PBMC-based biomarkers of cognitive dysfunction: A novel perspective of the brain-immune axis. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 78:9-20. [PMID: 30641141 PMCID: PMC6488430 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, there is no reliable biomarker for the assessment or determination of cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease and related dementia. Such a biomarker would not only aid in diagnostics, but could also serve as a measure of therapeutic efficacy. It is widely acknowledged that the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease, namely, amyloid deposits and neurofibrillary tangles, as well as their precursors and metabolites, are poorly correlated with cognitive function and disease stage and thus have low diagnostic or prognostic value. A lack of biomarkers is one of the major roadblocks in diagnosing the disease and in assessing the efficacy of potential therapies. The phosphorylation of cAMP Response Element Binding protein (pCREB) plays a major role in memory acquisition and consolidation. In the brain, CREB activation by phosphorylation at Ser133 and the recruitment of transcription cofactors such as CREB binding protein (CBP) is a critical step for the formation of memory. This set of processes is a prerequisite for the transcription of genes thought to be important for synaptic plasticity, such as Egr-1. Interestingly, recent work suggests that the expression of pCREB in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) positively correlates with pCREB expression in the postmortem brain of Alzheimer's patients, suggesting not only that pCREB expression in PBMC might serve as a biomarker of cognitive dysfunction, but also that the dysfunction of CREB signaling may not be limited to the brain in AD, and that a link may exist between the regulation of CREB in the blood and in the brain. In this review we consider the evidence suggesting a correlation between the level of CREB signals in the brain and blood, the current knowledge about CREB in PBMC and its association with CREB in the brain, and the implications and mechanisms for a neuro-immune cross talk that may underlie this communication. This Review will discuss the possibility that peripheral dysregulation of CREB is an early event in AD pathogenesis, perhaps as a facet of immune system dysfunction, and that this impairment in peripheral CREB signaling modifies CREB signaling in the brain, thus exacerbating cognitive decline in AD. A more thorough understanding of systemic dysregulation of CREB in AD will facilitate the search for a biomarker of cognitive function in AD, and also aid in the understanding of the mechanisms underlying cognitive decline in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Bartolotti
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Orly Lazarov
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Feng H, Wang C, He W, Wu X, Li S, Zeng Z, Wei M, He B. Roflumilast ameliorates cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice via cAMP/CREB/BDNF signaling and anti-neuroinflammatory effects. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:583-591. [PMID: 30610438 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0374-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) inhibitors can prevent the breakdown of the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and improve cognitive performances in several animal models of cognition. However, the clinical development of PDE4 inhibitors has been seriously hampered by severe side effects, such as vomiting and nausea. In this study, we investigated the effect and mechanism of roflumilast, an FDA-approved PDE4 inhibitor for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), on learning and memory abilities in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). APP/PS1 transgenic mice received 3 intragastric doses of roflumilast (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg) daily for 3 weeks followed by behavioral tests. Chronic administration of roflumilast significantly improved the learning and memory abilities of APP/PS1 transgenic mice in the novel object recognition task, Morris water maze, and the step-down passive avoidance task. In addition, roflumilast increased the cAMP, phosphorylated cAMP response-element binding protein (p-CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, and reduced the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65, and proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6, TNF-a and IL-1β) levels in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 transgenic mice. In conclusion, these findings suggest that roflumilast can enhance cognitive function in APP/PS1 transgenic mice, which may be related to its stimulation of the cAMP/CREB/BDNF pathway and anti-neuroinflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huancun Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Canmao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinjun Wu
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Shujie Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenkun Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Meidan Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Binghong He
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China.
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Sánchez-Rodríguez I, Gruart A, Delgado-García JM, Jiménez-Díaz L, Navarro-López JD. Role of GirK Channels in Long-Term Potentiation of Synaptic Inhibition in an In Vivo Mouse Model of Early Amyloid- β Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051168. [PMID: 30866445 PMCID: PMC6429279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Imbalances of excitatory/inhibitory synaptic transmission occur early in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), leading to hippocampal hyperexcitability and causing synaptic, network, and cognitive dysfunctions. G-protein-gated potassium (GirK) channels play a key role in the control of neuronal excitability, contributing to inhibitory signaling. Here, we evaluate the relationship between GirK channel activity and inhibitory hippocampal functionality in vivo. In a non-transgenic mouse model of AD, field postsynaptic potentials (fPSPs) from the CA3–CA1 synapse in the dorsal hippocampus were recorded in freely moving mice. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of amyloid-β (Aβ) or GirK channel modulators impaired ionotropic (GABAA-mediated fPSPs) and metabotropic (GirK-mediated fPSPs) inhibitory signaling and disrupted the potentiation of synaptic inhibition. However, the activation of GirK channels prevented Aβ-induced changes in GABAA components. Our data shows, for the first time, the presence of long-term potentiation (LTP) for both the GABAA and GirK-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic responses in vivo. In addition, our results support the importance of an accurate level of GirK-dependent signaling for dorsal hippocampal performance in early amyloid pathology models by controlling the excess of excitation that disrupts synaptic plasticity processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Neurophysiology & Behavior Laboratory, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Agnès Gruart
- Division of Neurosciences, University Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain.
| | | | - Lydia Jiménez-Díaz
- Neurophysiology & Behavior Laboratory, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Juan D Navarro-López
- Neurophysiology & Behavior Laboratory, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Sri S, Pegasiou CM, Cave CA, Hough K, Wood N, Gomez-Nicola D, Deinhardt K, Bannerman D, Perry VH, Vargas-Caballero M. Emergence of synaptic and cognitive impairment in a mature-onset APP mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:25. [PMID: 30795807 PMCID: PMC6387506 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0670-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The synaptic changes underlying the onset of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are poorly understood. In contrast to the well documented inhibition of long-term potentiation (LTP) in CA3-CA1 synapses by acute Aβ application in adult neurons from rodents, young amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mouse models often, surprisingly, show normal LTP. This suggests that there may be important differences between mature-onset and developmental-onset APP expression/ Aβ accumulation and the ensuing synaptic and behavioural phenotype. Here, in agreement with previous studies, we observed that developmental expression of APPSw,Ind (3–4 month old mice from line 102, PLoS Med 2:e355, 2005), resulted in reduced basal synaptic transmission in CA3-CA1 synapses, normal LTP, impaired spatial working memory, but normal spatial reference memory. To analyse early Aβ-mediated synaptic dysfunction and cognitive impairment in a more mature brain, we used controllable mature-onset APPSw,Ind expression in line 102 mice. Within 3 weeks of mature-onset APPSw,Ind expression and Aβ accumulation, we detected the first synaptic dysfunction: an impairment of LTP in hippocampal CA3-CA1 synapses. Cognitively, at this time point, we observed a deficit in short-term memory. A reduction in basal synaptic strength and deficit in long-term associative spatial memory were only evident following 12 weeks of APPSw,Ind expression. Importantly, the plasticity impairment observed after 3 weeks of mature-onset APP expression is reversible. Together, these findings demonstrate important differences between developmental and mature-onset APP expression. Further research targeted at this early stage of synaptic dysfunction could help identify mechanisms to treat cognitive impairment in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early AD.
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