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Walton A, Thomé V, Revinski D, Marchetto S, Puvirajesinghe TM, Audebert S, Camoin L, Bailly E, Kodjabachian L, Borg JP. A vertebrate Vangl2 translational variant required for planar cell polarity. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:106792. [PMID: 38403249 PMCID: PMC11065751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.106792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
First described in the milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus, planar cell polarity (PCP) is a developmental process essential for embryogenesis and development of polarized structures in Metazoans. This signaling pathway involves a set of evolutionarily conserved genes encoding transmembrane (Vangl, Frizzled, Celsr) and cytoplasmic (Prickle, Dishevelled) molecules. Vangl2 is of major importance in embryonic development as illustrated by its pivotal role during neural tube closure in human, mouse, Xenopus, and zebrafish embryos. Here, we report on the molecular and functional characterization of a Vangl2 isoform, Vangl2-Long, containing an N-terminal extension of about 50 aa, which arises from an alternative near-cognate AUA translation initiation site, lying upstream of the conventional start codon. While missing in Vangl1 paralogs and in all invertebrates, including Drosophila, this N-terminal extension is conserved in all vertebrate Vangl2 sequences. We show that Vangl2-Long belongs to a multimeric complex with Vangl1 and Vangl2. Using morpholino oligonucleotides to specifically knockdown Vangl2-Long in Xenopus, we found that this isoform is functional and required for embryo extension and neural tube closure. Furthermore, both Vangl2 and Vangl2-Long must be correctly expressed for the polarized distribution of the PCP molecules Pk2 and Dvl1 and for centriole rotational polarity in ciliated epidermal cells. Altogether, our study suggests that Vangl2-Long significantly contributes to the pool of Vangl2 molecules present at the plasma membrane to maintain PCP in vertebrate tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Walton
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe labellisée Ligue 'Cell Polarity, Cell Signaling And Cancer', Marseille, France
| | - Virginie Thomé
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Diego Revinski
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Sylvie Marchetto
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe labellisée Ligue 'Cell Polarity, Cell Signaling And Cancer', Marseille, France
| | - Tania M Puvirajesinghe
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe labellisée Ligue 'Cell Polarity, Cell Signaling And Cancer', Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Audebert
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille Protéomique, Marseille, France
| | - Luc Camoin
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille Protéomique, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Bailly
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe labellisée Ligue 'Cell Polarity, Cell Signaling And Cancer', Marseille, France.
| | - Laurent Kodjabachian
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France.
| | - Jean-Paul Borg
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe labellisée Ligue 'Cell Polarity, Cell Signaling And Cancer', Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille Protéomique, Marseille, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France.
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2
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Jathal MK, Siddiqui S, Vasilatis DM, Durbin Johnson BP, Drake C, Mooso BA, D'Abronzo LS, Batra N, Mudryj M, Ghosh PM. Androgen receptor transcriptional activity is required for heregulin-1β-mediated nuclear localization of the HER3/ErbB3 receptor tyrosine kinase. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104973. [PMID: 37380074 PMCID: PMC10407237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is initially regulated by the androgen receptor (AR), a ligand-activated, transcription factor, and is in a hormone-dependent state (hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC)), but eventually becomes androgen-refractory (castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)) because of mechanisms that bypass the AR, including by activation of ErbB3, a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor family. ErbB3 is synthesized in the cytoplasm and transported to the plasma membrane for ligand binding and dimerization, where it regulates downstream signaling, but nuclear forms are reported. Here, we demonstrate in prostatectomy samples that ErbB3 nuclear localization is observed in malignant, but not benign prostate, and that cytoplasmic (but not nuclear) ErbB3 correlated positively with AR expression but negatively with AR transcriptional activity. In support of the latter, androgen depletion upregulated cytoplasmic, but not nuclear ErbB3, while in vivo studies showed that castration suppressed ErbB3 nuclear localization in HSPC, but not CRPC tumors. In vitro treatment with the ErbB3 ligand heregulin-1β (HRG) induced ErbB3 nuclear localization, which was androgen-regulated in HSPC but not in CRPC. In turn, HRG upregulated AR transcriptional activity in CRPC but not in HSPC cells. Positive correlation between ErbB3 and AR expression was demonstrated in AR-null PC-3 cells where stable transfection of AR restored HRG-induced ErbB3 nuclear transport, while AR knockdown in LNCaP reduced cytoplasmic ErbB3. Mutations of ErbB3's kinase domain did not affect its localization but was responsible for cell viability in CRPC cells. Taken together, we conclude that AR expression regulated ErbB3 expression, its transcriptional activity suppressed ErbB3 nuclear translocation, and HRG binding to ErbB3 promoted it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitreyee K Jathal
- Research Service, VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Salma Siddiqui
- Research Service, VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California, USA
| | - Demitria M Vasilatis
- Research Service, VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California, USA; Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Blythe P Durbin Johnson
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Christiana Drake
- Department of Statistics, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Benjamin A Mooso
- Research Service, VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California, USA
| | - Leandro S D'Abronzo
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Neelu Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Maria Mudryj
- Research Service, VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Paramita M Ghosh
- Research Service, VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California, USA; Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.
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3
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Tagliaferro M, Rosa P, Bellenchi GC, Bastianelli D, Trotta R, Tito C, Fazi F, Calogero A, Ponti D. Nucleolar localization of the ErbB3 receptor as a new target in glioblastoma. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:13. [PMID: 35255831 PMCID: PMC8900349 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-022-00411-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The nucleolus is a subnuclear, non-membrane bound domain that is the hub of ribosome biogenesis and a critical regulator of cell homeostasis. Rapid growth and division of cells in tumors are correlated with intensive nucleolar metabolism as a response to oncogenic factors overexpression. Several members of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) family, have been identified in the nucleus and nucleolus of many cancer cells, but their function in these compartments remains unexplored. Results We focused our research on the nucleolar function that a specific member of EGFR family, the ErbB3 receptor, plays in glioblastoma, a tumor without effective therapies. Here, Neuregulin 1 mediated proliferative stimuli, promotes ErbB3 relocalization from the nucleolus to the cytoplasm and increases pre-rRNA synthesis. Instead ErbB3 silencing or nucleolar stress reduce cell proliferation and affect cell cycle progression. Conclusions These data point to the existence of an ErbB3-mediated non canonical pathway that glioblastoma cells use to control ribosomes synthesis and cell proliferation. These results highlight the potential role for the nucleolar ErbB3 receptor, as a new target in glioblastoma. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12860-022-00411-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Tagliaferro
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome La Sapienza, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Paolo Rosa
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome La Sapienza, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Bellenchi
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati Traverso" CNR, 80131, Naples, Italy.,Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00143, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Rosa Trotta
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, and Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Claudia Tito
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Fazi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Calogero
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome La Sapienza, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy.,Istituto Chirurgico Ortopedico Traumatologico, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Donatella Ponti
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome La Sapienza, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy. .,Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, Belgium.
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Hui TK, Lai XS, Dong X, Jing H, Liu Z, Fei E, Chen WB, Wang S, Ren D, Zou S, Wu HT, Pan BX. Ablation of Lrp4 in Schwann Cells Promotes Peripheral Nerve Regeneration in Mice. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10060452. [PMID: 34063992 PMCID: PMC8223976 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (Lrp4) is a critical protein involved in the Agrin-Lrp4-MuSK signaling pathway that drives the clustering of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Many studies have shown that Lrp4 also functions in kidney development, bone formation, nervous system development, etc. However, whether Lrp4 participates in nerve regeneration in mammals remains unknown. Herein, we show that Lrp4 is expressed in SCs and that conditional knockout (cKO) of Lrp4 in SCs promotes peripheral nerve regeneration. In Lrp4 cKO mice, the demyelination of SCs was accelerated, and the proliferation of SCs was increased in the injured nerve. Furthermore, we identified that two myelination-related genes, Krox-20 and Mpz, were downregulated more dramatically in the cKO group than in the control group. Our results elucidate a novel role of Lrp4 in peripheral nerve regeneration and thereby provide a potential therapeutic target for peripheral nerve recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Kun Hui
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (T.-K.H.); (X.-S.L.); (H.J.); (Z.L.); (E.F.); (W.-B.C.); (S.W.); (D.R.)
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;
| | - Xin-Sheng Lai
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (T.-K.H.); (X.-S.L.); (H.J.); (Z.L.); (E.F.); (W.-B.C.); (S.W.); (D.R.)
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;
| | - Xia Dong
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Hongyang Jing
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (T.-K.H.); (X.-S.L.); (H.J.); (Z.L.); (E.F.); (W.-B.C.); (S.W.); (D.R.)
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;
| | - Ziyang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (T.-K.H.); (X.-S.L.); (H.J.); (Z.L.); (E.F.); (W.-B.C.); (S.W.); (D.R.)
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;
| | - Erkang Fei
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (T.-K.H.); (X.-S.L.); (H.J.); (Z.L.); (E.F.); (W.-B.C.); (S.W.); (D.R.)
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;
| | - Wen-Bing Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (T.-K.H.); (X.-S.L.); (H.J.); (Z.L.); (E.F.); (W.-B.C.); (S.W.); (D.R.)
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;
| | - Shunqi Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (T.-K.H.); (X.-S.L.); (H.J.); (Z.L.); (E.F.); (W.-B.C.); (S.W.); (D.R.)
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;
| | - Dongyan Ren
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (T.-K.H.); (X.-S.L.); (H.J.); (Z.L.); (E.F.); (W.-B.C.); (S.W.); (D.R.)
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;
| | - Suqi Zou
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (T.-K.H.); (X.-S.L.); (H.J.); (Z.L.); (E.F.); (W.-B.C.); (S.W.); (D.R.)
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (H.-T.W.); (B.-X.P.)
| | - Hai-Tao Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (H.-T.W.); (B.-X.P.)
| | - Bing-Xing Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (T.-K.H.); (X.-S.L.); (H.J.); (Z.L.); (E.F.); (W.-B.C.); (S.W.); (D.R.)
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (H.-T.W.); (B.-X.P.)
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5
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Chen MK, Hsu JL, Hung MC. Nuclear receptor tyrosine kinase transport and functions in cancer. Adv Cancer Res 2020; 147:59-107. [PMID: 32593407 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Signaling functions of plasma membrane-localized receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) have been extensively studied after they were first described in the mid-1980s. Plasma membrane RTKs are activated by extracellular ligands and cellular stress stimuli, and regulate cellular responses by activating the downstream effector proteins to initiate a wide range of signaling cascades in the cells. However, increasing evidence indicates that RTKs can also be transported into the intracellular compartments where they phosphorylate traditional effector proteins and non-canonical substrate proteins. In general, internalization that retains the RTK's transmembrane domain begins with endocytosis, and endosomal RTK remains active before being recycled or degraded. Further RTK retrograde transport from endosome-Golgi-ER to the nucleus is primarily dependent on membranes vesicles and relies on the interaction with the COP-I vesicle complex, Sec61 translocon complex, and importin. Internalized RTKs have non-canonical substrates that include transcriptional co-factors and DNA damage response proteins, and many nuclear RTKs harbor oncogenic properties and can enhance cancer progression. Indeed, nuclear-localized RTKs have been shown to positively correlate with cancer recurrence, therapeutic resistance, and poor prognosis of cancer patients. Therefore, understanding the functions of nuclear RTKs and the mechanisms of nuclear RTK transport will further improve our knowledge to evaluate the potential of targeting nuclear RTKs or the proteins involved in their transport as new cancer therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Kuang Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jennifer L Hsu
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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6
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Targeted ErbB3 cancer therapy: A synergistic approach to effectively combat cancer. Int J Pharm 2019; 575:118961. [PMID: 31846731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification of nanoparticles with aptamer is gaining popularity lately due to its selective targeting and low immunogenicity. In this study, sorafenib tosylate (SFB) was loaded in biodegradable PLGA nanoparticles prepared by solvent evaporation method. The surfaces of drug deprived and drug-loaded particles (PN and PNS, respectively) were coupled with aptamer to target ErbB3 using EDC/NHS chemical modification. Nanoparticles were characterized with regard to their size, shape and chemical composition by dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy, FTIR and elemental analysis respectively. To evaluate the particles in vitro cell culture studies were performed. Cell viability assay, pathway analysis and apoptosis assay showed cellular toxicity in the presence of aptamer in PNS-Apt (p < 0.001). Metastatic progression assay showed decreased cell migration in the presence of aptamer and SFB. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to visualize the receptor-mediated time-dependent intracellular uptake and distribution of the nanoparticles throughout the cytoplasm. The findings of the current study demonstrated the potential efficacy of the surface modified SFB-loaded particles against ErbB3.
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7
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Black LE, Longo JF, Carroll SL. Mechanisms of Receptor Tyrosine-Protein Kinase ErbB-3 (ERBB3) Action in Human Neoplasia. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:1898-1912. [PMID: 31351986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 (ERBB2)/human EGF receptor 2 (HER2), and, to a lesser extent, ERBB4/HER4, promote the pathogenesis of many types of human cancers. In contrast, the role that ERBB3/HER3, the fourth member of the ERBB family of receptor tyrosine kinases, plays in these diseases is poorly understood and, until recently, underappreciated. In large part, this was because early structural and functional studies suggested that ERBB3 had little, if any, intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and, thus, was unlikely to be an important therapeutic target. Since then, however, numerous publications have demonstrated an important role for ERBB3 in carcinogenesis, metastasis, and acquired drug resistance. Furthermore, somatic ERBB3 mutations are frequently encountered in many types of human cancers. Dysregulation of ERBB3 trafficking as well as cooperation with other receptor tyrosine kinases further enhance ERBB3's role in tumorigenesis and drug resistance. As a result of these advances in our understanding of the structure and biochemistry of ERBB3, and a growing focus on the development of precision and combinatorial therapeutic regimens, ERBB3 is increasingly considered to be an important therapeutic target in human cancers. In this review, we discuss the unique structural and functional features of ERBB3 and how this information is being used to develop effective new therapeutic agents that target ERBB3 in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel E Black
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Jody F Longo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Steven L Carroll
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
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8
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Ma KH, Duong P, Moran JJ, Junaidi N, Svaren J. Polycomb repression regulates Schwann cell proliferation and axon regeneration after nerve injury. Glia 2018; 66:2487-2502. [PMID: 30306639 PMCID: PMC6289291 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The transition of differentiated Schwann cells to support of nerve repair after injury is accompanied by remodeling of the Schwann cell epigenome. The EED-containing polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) catalyzes histone H3K27 methylation and represses key nerve repair genes such as Shh, Gdnf, and Bdnf, and their activation is accompanied by loss of H3K27 methylation. Analysis of nerve injury in mice with a Schwann cell-specific loss of EED showed the reversal of polycomb repression is required and a rate limiting step in the increased transcription of Neuregulin 1 (type I), which is required for efficient remyelination. However, mouse nerves with EED-deficient Schwann cells display slow axonal regeneration with significantly low expression of axon guidance genes, including Sema4f and Cntf. Finally, EED loss causes impaired Schwann cell proliferation after injury with significant induction of the Cdkn2a cell cycle inhibitor gene. Interestingly, PRC2 subunits and CDKN2A are commonly co-mutated in the transition from benign neurofibromas to malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST's). RNA-seq analysis of EED-deficient mice identified PRC2-regulated molecular pathways that may contribute to the transition to malignancy in neurofibromatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki H. Ma
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Phu Duong
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - John J. Moran
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Nabil Junaidi
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - John Svaren
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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9
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Regulation of human glioma cell migration, tumor growth, and stemness gene expression using a Lck targeted inhibitor. Oncogene 2018; 38:1734-1750. [PMID: 30353164 PMCID: PMC6462869 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0546-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Migration of human glioma cells (hGCs) within the brain parenchyma makes glioblastoma one of the most aggressive and lethal tumors. Studies of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying hGC migration are hindered by the limitations of existing glioma models. Here we developed a dorsal root ganglion axon-oligodendrocyte-hGC co-culture to study in real time the migration and interaction of hGCs with their microenvironment. hGCs interact with myelinated and non-myelinated axons through the formation of pseudopodia. Isolation of pseudopodia-localized polysome-bound RNA reveals transcripts of Lck, Paxillin, Crk-II, and Rac1 that undergo local translation. Inhibition of Lck phosphorylation using a small-molecule inhibitor (Lck-I), blocks the phosphorylation of Paxillin and Crk-II, the formation of pseudopodia and the migration of hGCs. In vivo intraventricular administration of the Lck-I using an orthotopic xenograft glioma model, results in statistically significant inhibition of tumor size and significant down-regulation of Nanog-targeted genes, which are associated with glioblastoma patient survival. Moreover, treatment of human glioma stem cells (hGSCs) with Lck-I, results in significant inhibition of self-renewal and tumor-sphere formation. The involvement of Lck in different levels of glioma malignant progression, such as migration, tumor growth, and regulation of cancer stemness, makes Lck a potentially important therapeutic target for human glioblastomas.
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10
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Courgeon M, He DQ, Liu HH, Legent K, Treisman JE. The Drosophila Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor does not act in the nucleus. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.220251. [PMID: 30158176 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.220251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian members of the ErbB family, including the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), can regulate transcription, DNA replication and repair through nuclear entry of either the full-length proteins or their cleaved cytoplasmic domains. In cancer cells, these nuclear functions contribute to tumor progression and drug resistance. Here, we examined whether the single Drosophila EGFR can also localize to the nucleus. A chimeric EGFR protein fused at its cytoplasmic C-terminus to DNA-binding and transcriptional activation domains strongly activated transcriptional reporters when overexpressed in cultured cells or in vivo However, this activity was independent of cleavage and endocytosis. Without an exogenous activation domain, EGFR fused to a DNA-binding domain did not activate or repress transcription. Addition of the same DNA-binding and transcriptional activation domains to the endogenous Egfr locus through genome editing led to no detectable reporter expression in wild-type or oncogenic contexts. These results show that, when expressed at physiological levels, the cytoplasmic domain of the Drosophila EGFR does not have access to the nucleus. Therefore, nuclear EGFR functions are likely to have evolved after vertebrates and invertebrates diverged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilien Courgeon
- Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Dan Qing He
- Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Hui Hua Liu
- Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kevin Legent
- Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jessica E Treisman
- Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
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11
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Regulation of ErbB2 localization and function in breast cancer cells by ERM proteins. Oncotarget 2018; 7:25443-60. [PMID: 27029001 PMCID: PMC5041916 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ERM protein family is implicated in processes such as signal transduction, protein trafficking, cell proliferation and migration. Consequently, dysregulation of ERM proteins has been described to correlate with carcinogenesis of different cancer types. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate a novel functional interaction between ERM proteins and the ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase in breast cancer cells. We show that the ERM proteins ezrin and radixin are associated with ErbB2 receptors at the plasma membrane, and depletion or functional inhibition of ERM proteins destabilizes the interaction of ErbB2 with ErbB3, Hsp90 and Ebp50. Accompanied by the dissociation of this protein complex, binding of ErbB2 to the ubiquitin-ligase c-Cbl is increased, and ErbB2 becomes dephosphorylated, ubiquitinated and internalized. Furthermore, signaling via Akt- and Erk-mediated pathways is impaired upon ERM inhibition. Finally, interference with ERM functionality leads to receptor degradation and reduced cellular levels of ErbB2 and ErbB3 receptors in breast cancer cells.
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12
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Hayes DA, Kunde DA, Taylor RL, Pyecroft SB, Sohal SS, Snow ET. ERBB3: A potential serum biomarker for early detection and therapeutic target for devil facial tumour 1 (DFT1). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177919. [PMID: 28591206 PMCID: PMC5462353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Devil Facial Tumour 1 (DFT1) is one of two transmissible neoplasms of Tasmanian devils (Sarcophilus harrisii) predominantly affecting their facial regions. DFT1's cellular origin is that of Schwann cell lineage where lesions are evident macroscopically late in the disease. Conversely, the pre-clinical timeframe from cellular transmission to appearance of DFT1 remains uncertain demonstrating the importance of an effective pre-clinical biomarker. We show that ERBB3, a marker expressed normally by the developing neural crest and Schwann cells, is immunohistohemically expressed by DFT1, therefore the potential of ERBB3 as a biomarker was explored. Under the hypothesis that serum ERBB3 levels may increase as DFT1 invades local and distant tissues our pilot study determined serum ERBB3 levels in normal Tasmanian devils and Tasmanian devils with DFT1. Compared to the baseline serum ERBB3 levels in unaffected Tasmanian devils, Tasmanian devils with DFT1 showed significant elevation of serum ERBB3 levels. Interestingly Tasmanian devils with cutaneous lymphoma (CL) also showed elevation of serum ERBB3 levels when compared to the baseline serum levels of Tasmanian devils without DFT1. Thus, elevated serum ERBB3 levels in otherwise healthy looking devils could predict possible DFT1 or CL in captive or wild devil populations and would have implications on the management, welfare and survival of Tasmanian devils. ERBB3 is also a therapeutic target and therefore the potential exists to consider modes of administration that may eradicate DFT1 from the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dane A. Hayes
- Department of Primary Industries, Parks Water and Environment, Animal Health Laboratory, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
- Save the Tasmanian Devil Program, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Dale A. Kunde
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Robyn L. Taylor
- Save the Tasmanian Devil Program, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Department of Primary Industries, Parks Water and Environment, Resource Management and Conservation, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Stephen B. Pyecroft
- School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, South Australia
| | - Sukhwinder Singh Sohal
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Elizabeth T. Snow
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
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13
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Safavi S, Järnum S, Vannas C, Udhane S, Jonasson E, Tomic TT, Grundevik P, Fagman H, Hansson M, Kalender Z, Jauhiainen A, Dolatabadi S, Stratford EW, Myklebost O, Eriksson M, Stenman G, Schneider-Stock R, Ståhlberg A, Åman P. HSP90 inhibition blocks ERBB3 and RET phosphorylation in myxoid/round cell liposarcoma and causes massive cell death in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2016; 7:433-45. [PMID: 26595521 PMCID: PMC4808009 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Myxoid sarcoma (MLS) is one of the most common types of malignant soft tissue tumors. MLS is characterized by the FUS-DDIT3 or EWSR1-DDIT3 fusion oncogenes that encode abnormal transcription factors. The receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) encoding RET was previously identified as a putative downstream target gene to FUS-DDIT3 and here we show that cultured MLS cells expressed phosphorylated RET together with its ligand Persephin. Treatment with RET specific kinase inhibitor Vandetanib failed to reduce RET phosphorylation and inhibit cell growth, suggesting that other RTKs may phosphorylate RET. A screening pointed out EGFR and ERBB3 as the strongest expressed phosphorylated RTKs in MLS cells. We show that ERBB3 formed nuclear and cytoplasmic complexes with RET and both RTKs were previously reported to form complexes with EGFR. The formation of RTK hetero complexes could explain the observed Vandetanib resistence in MLS. EGFR and ERBB3 are clients of HSP90 that help complex formation and RTK activation. Treatment of cultured MLS cells with HSP90 inhibitor 17-DMAG, caused loss of RET and ERBB3 phosphorylation and lead to rapid cell death. Treatment of MLS xenograft carrying Nude mice resulted in massive necrosis, rupture of capillaries and hemorrhages in tumor tissues. We conclude that complex formation between RET and other RTKs may cause RTK inhibitor resistance. HSP90 inhibitors can overcome this resistance and are thus promising drugs for treatment of MLS/RCLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setareh Safavi
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sofia Järnum
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christoffer Vannas
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sameer Udhane
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emma Jonasson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tajana Tesan Tomic
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Grundevik
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Fagman
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Hansson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zeynep Kalender
- Mathematical Statistics, Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and the University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Jauhiainen
- Mathematical Statistics, Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and the University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Soheila Dolatabadi
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Wessel Stratford
- Department of Tumour Biology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ola Myklebost
- Department of Tumour Biology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mikael Eriksson
- Department of Oncology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Göran Stenman
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Regine Schneider-Stock
- Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anders Ståhlberg
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pierre Åman
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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14
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Rao SNR, Pearse DD. Regulating Axonal Responses to Injury: The Intersection between Signaling Pathways Involved in Axon Myelination and The Inhibition of Axon Regeneration. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:33. [PMID: 27375427 PMCID: PMC4896923 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Following spinal cord injury (SCI), a multitude of intrinsic and extrinsic factors adversely affect the gene programs that govern the expression of regeneration-associated genes (RAGs) and the production of a diversity of extracellular matrix molecules (ECM). Insufficient RAG expression in the injured neuron and the presence of inhibitory ECM at the lesion, leads to structural alterations in the axon that perturb the growth machinery, or form an extraneous barrier to axonal regeneration, respectively. Here, the role of myelin, both intact and debris, in antagonizing axon regeneration has been the focus of numerous investigations. These studies have employed antagonizing antibodies and knockout animals to examine how the growth cone of the re-growing axon responds to the presence of myelin and myelin-associated inhibitors (MAIs) within the lesion environment and caudal spinal cord. However, less attention has been placed on how the myelination of the axon after SCI, whether by endogenous glia or exogenously implanted glia, may alter axon regeneration. Here, we examine the intersection between intracellular signaling pathways in neurons and glia that are involved in axon myelination and axon growth, to provide greater insight into how interrogating this complex network of molecular interactions may lead to new therapeutics targeting SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudheendra N R Rao
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami, FL, USA
| | - Damien D Pearse
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiami, FL, USA; The Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiami, FL, USA; The Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiami, FL, USA; The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiami, FL, USA; Bruce W. Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterMiami, FL, USA
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15
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El Maassarani M, Barbarin A, Fromont G, Kaissi O, Lebbe M, Vannier B, Moussa A, Séité P. Integrated and Functional Genomics Analysis Validates the Relevance of the Nuclear Variant ErbB380kDa in Prostate Cancer Progression. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155950. [PMID: 27191720 PMCID: PMC4871423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The EGF-family of tyrosine-kinase receptors activates cytoplasmic pathways involved in cell proliferation, migration and differentiation in response to specific extracellular ligands. Beside these canonical pathways, the nuclear localization of the ErbB receptors in primary tumours and cancer cell lines led to investigate their role as transcriptional regulators of cancer genes. The nuclear localization of ErbB3 has been reported in various cancer tissues and cell lines but the nuclear functions and the putative correlation with tumour progression and resistance to therapy remain unclear. We first assessed ErbB3 expression in normal and tumour prostate tissues. The nuclear staining was mainly due to an isoform matching the C-terminus domain of the full length ErbB3185kDa receptor. Nuclear staining was also restricted to cancer cells and was increased in advanced castration-resistant prostate cancer when compared to localized tumours, suggesting it could be involved in the progression of prostate cancer up to the terminal castration-resistant stage. ChIP-on-chip experiments were performed on immortalized and tumour cell lines selected upon characterization of endogenous nuclear expression of an ErbB380kDa isoform. Among the 1840 target promoters identified, 26 were selected before ErbB380kDa-dependent gene expression was evaluated by real-time quantitative RT-PCR, providing evidence that ErbB380kDa exerted transcriptional control on those genes. Some targets are already known to be involved in prostate cancer progression even though no link was previously established with ErbB3 membrane and/or nuclear signalling. Many others, not yet associated with prostate cancer, could provide new therapeutic possibilities for patients expressing ErbB380kDa. Detecting ErbB380kDa could thus constitute a useful marker of prognosis and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud El Maassarani
- Equipe 2RCT, Université de Poitiers, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales, Pôle Biologie- Santé, 1 rue G. Bonnet, 86073, Poitiers cedex 9, France
| | - Alice Barbarin
- Equipe 2RCT, Université de Poitiers, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales, Pôle Biologie- Santé, 1 rue G. Bonnet, 86073, Poitiers cedex 9, France
| | - Gaëlle Fromont
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bretonneau, Laboratoire d'Anatomopathologie, INSERM U1069, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Ouafae Kaissi
- LTI Laboratory, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, ENSAT, BP 1818, 90 000 Tangier, Morocco
| | - Margot Lebbe
- Equipe 2RCT, Université de Poitiers, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales, Pôle Biologie- Santé, 1 rue G. Bonnet, 86073, Poitiers cedex 9, France
| | - Brigitte Vannier
- Equipe 2RCT, Université de Poitiers, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales, Pôle Biologie- Santé, 1 rue G. Bonnet, 86073, Poitiers cedex 9, France
| | - Ahmed Moussa
- LTI Laboratory, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, ENSAT, BP 1818, 90 000 Tangier, Morocco
| | - Paule Séité
- Equipe 2RCT, Université de Poitiers, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales, Pôle Biologie- Santé, 1 rue G. Bonnet, 86073, Poitiers cedex 9, France
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16
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Ness JK, Skiles AA, Yap EH, Fajardo EJ, Fiser A, Tapinos N. Nuc-ErbB3 regulates H3K27me3 levels and HMT activity to establish epigenetic repression during peripheral myelination. Glia 2016; 64:977-92. [PMID: 27017927 PMCID: PMC5021170 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Nuc‐ErbB3 an alternative transcript from the ErbB3 locus binds to a specific DNA motif and associates with Schwann cell chromatin. Here we generated a nuc‐ErbB3 knockin mouse that lacks nuc‐ErbB3 expression in the nucleus without affecting the neuregulin‐ErbB3 receptor signaling. Nuc‐ErbB3 knockin mice exhibit hypermyelination and aberrant myelination at the paranodal region. This phenotype is attributed to de‐repression of myelination associated gene transcription following loss of nuc‐ErbB3 and histone H3K27me3 promoter occupancy. Nuc‐ErbB3 knockin mice exhibit reduced association of H3K27me3 with myelination‐associated gene promoters and increased RNA Pol‐II rate of transcription of these genes. In addition, nuc‐ErbB3 directly regulates levels of H3K27me3 in Schwann cells. Nuc‐ErbB3 knockin mice exhibit significant decrease of histone H3K27me3 methyltransferase (HMT) activity and reduced levels of H3K27me3. Collectively, nuc‐ErbB3 is a master transcriptional repressor, which regulates HMT activity to establish a repressive chromatin landscape on promoters of genes during peripheral myelination. GLIA 2016;64:977–992 Nuc‐ErbB3 knock‐in mice exhibit peripheral hypermyelination. Nuc‐ErbB3 regulates total levels of H3K27me3 and HMT activity. Nuc‐ErbB3 induces transcriptional repression of myelination associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Ness
- Molecular Neuroscience and Neurooncology Laboratory, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Amanda A Skiles
- Molecular Neuroscience and Neurooncology Laboratory, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Eng-Hui Yap
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Eduardo J Fajardo
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Andras Fiser
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Nikos Tapinos
- Molecular Neuroscience and Neurooncology Laboratory, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, Pennsylvania
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17
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Mohd Nafi SN, Generali D, Kramer-Marek G, Gijsen M, Strina C, Cappelletti M, Andreis D, Haider S, Li JL, Bridges E, Capala J, Ioannis R, Harris AL, Kong A. Nuclear HER4 mediates acquired resistance to trastuzumab and is associated with poor outcome in HER2 positive breast cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 5:5934-49. [PMID: 25153719 PMCID: PMC4171603 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of HER4 in breast cancer is controversial and its role in relation to trastuzumab resistance remains unclear. We showed that trastuzumab treatment and its acquired resistance induced HER4 upregulation, cleavage and nuclear translocation. However, knockdown of HER4 by specific siRNAs increased trastuzumab sensitivity and reversed its resistance in HER2 positive breast cancer cells. Preventing HER4 cleavage by a γ-secretase inhibitor and inhibiting HER4 tyrosine kinase activity by neratinib decreased trastuzumab-induced HER4 nuclear translocation and enhanced trastuzumab response. There was also increased nuclear HER4 staining in the tumours from BT474 xenograft mice and human patients treated with trastuzumab. Furthermore, nuclear HER4 predicted poor clinical response to trastuzumab monotherapy in patients undergoing a window study and was shown to be an independent poor prognostic factor in HER2 positive breast cancer. Our data suggest that HER4 plays a key role in relation to trastuzumab resistance in HER2 positive breast cancer. Therefore, our study provides novel findings that HER4 activation, cleavage and nuclear translocation influence trastuzumab sensitivity and resistance in HER2 positive breast cancer. Nuclear HER4 could be a potential prognostic and predictive biomarker and understanding the role of HER4 may provide strategies to overcome trastuzumab resistance in HER2 positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Norasikin Mohd Nafi
- Human Epidermal Growth Factor Group, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniele Generali
- U.O. Multidisciplinare di Patologia Mammaria, U.S Terapia Molecolare e Farmacogenomica, A.O. Instituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, Cremona, Italy
| | - Gabriela Kramer-Marek
- Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, 15 Cotswold Road, Belmont, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Merel Gijsen
- Human Epidermal Growth Factor Group, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Carla Strina
- U.O. Multidisciplinare di Patologia Mammaria, U.S Terapia Molecolare e Farmacogenomica, A.O. Instituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, Cremona, Italy
| | - Mariarosa Cappelletti
- U.O. Multidisciplinare di Patologia Mammaria, U.S Terapia Molecolare e Farmacogenomica, A.O. Instituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, Cremona, Italy
| | - Daniele Andreis
- U.O. Multidisciplinare di Patologia Mammaria, U.S Terapia Molecolare e Farmacogenomica, A.O. Instituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, Cremona, Italy
| | - Syed Haider
- Growth Factor Group, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Ji-Liang Li
- Growth Factor Group, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Esther Bridges
- Growth Factor Group, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Jacek Capala
- National Institutes of Health, Radiation Oncology Branch, Bethesda MD, US
| | - Roxanis Ioannis
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Growth Factor Group, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Anthony Kong
- Human Epidermal Growth Factor Group, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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18
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Saruhan BG, Sağsöz H, Akbalik ME, Erdoğan S. Functional characteristics of the growth factor receptor family and some ligands in the oropharyngeal cavity of the Chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar). Br Poult Sci 2015; 56:673-86. [PMID: 26569385 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2015.1099611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
1. The aim of the present study is to describe, immunohistochemically, the expression and cell type localisation of growth factor receptors and some of their ligands in the oropharyngeal organs of the Chukar partridge. 2. The tissue samples from 10 healthy adult partridges were dissected under ether anaesthesia and then embedded in paraffin following routine histological procedures. The immunoreaction for receptors and ligands of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/ligand system was localised in the cell membrane, nucleus and cytoplasm of the luminal and glandular epithelial cells, stromal and striated muscle cells, and vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. 3. Variations were observed in the avian oropharyngeal organs. The immunostaining for the erbB1/HER1 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 1) and the EGF (epidermal growth factor) and AREG (Amphiregulin) ligands in the luminal epithelial cells was higher than in the glandular epithelial, stromal and striated muscle cells. However, the immunostaining for erbB3/HER3 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 3) and erbB4/HER4 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 4) were similar in the luminal epithelium, stromal and striated muscle cells. 4. Growth factor receptors and some of their ligands were localised in different cell types in the oropharyngeal organs. We suggest that erbB/HERs (human epidermal growth factor receptors) and their ligands play an important role in proliferation, differentiation, growth, survival and migration of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna G Saruhan
- a Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Dicle University , Diyarbakir , Turkey
| | - Hakan Sağsöz
- a Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Dicle University , Diyarbakir , Turkey
| | - Mehmet E Akbalik
- a Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Dicle University , Diyarbakir , Turkey
| | - Serkan Erdoğan
- b Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Namık Kemal University , Tekirdağ , Turkey
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19
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Alves CJ, Maximino JR, Chadi G. Dysregulated expression of death, stress and mitochondrion related genes in the sciatic nerve of presymptomatic SOD1(G93A) mouse model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:332. [PMID: 26339226 PMCID: PMC4555015 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells are the main source of paracrine support to motor neurons. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction have been correlated to motor neuron death in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Despite the involvement of Schwann cells in early neuromuscular disruption in ALS, detailed molecular events of a dying-back triggering are unknown. Sciatic nerves of presymptomatic (60-day-old) SOD1(G93A) mice were submitted to a high-density oligonucleotide microarray analysis. DAVID demonstrated the deregulated genes related to death, stress and mitochondrion, which allowed the identification of Cell cycle, ErbB signaling, Tryptophan metabolism and Rig-I-like receptor signaling as the most representative KEGG pathways. The protein-protein interaction networks based upon deregulated genes have identified the top hubs (TRAF2, H2AFX, E2F1, FOXO3, MSH2, NGFR, TGFBR1) and bottlenecks (TRAF2, E2F1, CDKN1B, TWIST1, FOXO3). Schwann cells were enriched from the sciatic nerve of presymptomatic mice using flow cytometry cell sorting. qPCR showed the up regulated (Ngfr, Cdnkn1b, E2f1, Traf2 and Erbb3, H2afx, Cdkn1a, Hspa1, Prdx, Mapk10) and down-regulated (Foxo3, Mtor) genes in the enriched Schwann cells. In conclusion, molecular analyses in the presymptomatic sciatic nerve demonstrated the involvement of death, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial pathways in the Schwann cell non-autonomous mechanisms in the early stages of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrystian J Alves
- Department of Neurology, Neuroregeneration Center, University of São Paulo School of Medicine São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jessica R Maximino
- Department of Neurology, Neuroregeneration Center, University of São Paulo School of Medicine São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gerson Chadi
- Department of Neurology, Neuroregeneration Center, University of São Paulo School of Medicine São Paulo, Brazil
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20
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Chen MK, Hung MC. Proteolytic cleavage, trafficking, and functions of nuclear receptor tyrosine kinases. FEBS J 2015; 282:3693-721. [PMID: 26096795 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular localization has been reported for over three-quarters of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) families in response to environmental stimuli. Internalized RTK may bind to non-canonical substrates and affect various cellular processes. Many of the intracellular RTKs exist as fragmented forms that are generated by γ-secretase cleavage of the full-length receptor, shedding, alternative splicing, or alternative translation initiation. Soluble RTK fragments are stabilized and intracellularly transported into subcellular compartments, such as the nucleus, by binding to chaperone or transcription factors, while membrane-bound RTKs (full-length or truncated) are transported from the plasma membrane to the ER through the well-established Rab- or clathrin adaptor protein-coated vesicle retrograde trafficking pathways. Subsequent nuclear transport of membrane-bound RTK may occur via two pathways, INFS or INTERNET, with the former characterized by release of receptors from the ER into the cytosol and the latter characterized by release of membrane-bound receptor from the ER into the nucleoplasm through the inner nuclear membrane. Although most non-canonical intracellular RTK signaling is related to transcriptional regulation, there may be other functions that have yet to be discovered. In this review, we summarize the proteolytic processing, intracellular trafficking and nuclear functions of RTKs, and discuss how they promote cancer progression, and their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Kuang Chen
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Center of Molecular Medicine and Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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21
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Abstract
The Hippo tumor-suppressor pathway is regulated by several multicomponent complexes of cell polarity and cell-to-cell junctions. Hippo kinases inhibit the transcription coactivator YAP. In contrast to the orthologous pathway in Drosophila, in which the single transmembrane receptor Fat and its ligand Dachsous are "dedicated" to trigger the pathway, the mammalian Hippo-YAP pathway was without such a dedicated receptor. In this issue of Science Signaling, a study by Haskins et al. has brought an end to this scenario of an "orphaned" pathway by identifying neuregulin 1 and its cognate receptor ERBB4 [epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family member v-erb-b2 avian erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 4] as a major receptor complex that activates YAP activity. Moreover, the identification of ERBB4 as a dominant receptor of YAP signaling brings into focus the signaling interface between the EGFR signaling axis and the Hippo-YAP network, with numerous implications for basic and applied cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Sudol
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Laboratory of Cancer Signaling and Domainopathies, Yong Loo Li School of Medicine, Block MD9, 2 Medical Drive 04-01, Singapore 117597, Republic of Singapore. Mechanobiology Institute, T-Lab, 5-01, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Republic of Singapore. Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology A*STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore.
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22
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Haskins JW, Nguyen DX, Stern DF. Neuregulin 1-activated ERBB4 interacts with YAP to induce Hippo pathway target genes and promote cell migration. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra116. [PMID: 25492965 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase ERBB4, a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family, is unusual in that ERBB4 can undergo intramembrane proteolysis, releasing a soluble intracellular domain (ICD) that modulates transcription in the nucleus. We found that ERBB4 activated the transcriptional coactivator YAP, which promotes organ and tissue growth and is inhibited by the Hippo tumor-suppressor pathway. Overexpressing ERBB4 in cultured mammary epithelial cells or adding the ERBB4 ligand neuregulin 1 (NRG1) to breast cancer cell cultures promoted the expression of genes regulated by YAP, such as CTGF. Knocking down YAP or ERBB4 prevented the induction of CTGF expression by NRG1, as did treating cells with the ERBB inhibitors lapatinib or erlotinib, which reduced ERBB4 cleavage. NRG1 stimulated YAP activity to an extent comparable to that of EGF (epidermal growth factor) or LPA (lysophosphatidic acid), known activators of YAP. NRG1 stimulated YAP-dependent cell migration in breast cancer cell lines. These observations connect the unusual nuclear function of a growth factor receptor with a mechanosensory pathway and suggest that NRG1-ERBB4-YAP signaling contributes to the aggressive behavior of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W Haskins
- Department of Pathology and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Don X Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - David F Stern
- Department of Pathology and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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23
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Kang R, Chen R, Zhang Q, Hou W, Wu S, Cao L, Huang J, Yu Y, Fan XG, Yan Z, Sun X, Wang H, Wang Q, Tsung A, Billiar TR, Zeh HJ, Lotze MT, Tang D. HMGB1 in health and disease. Mol Aspects Med 2014; 40:1-116. [PMID: 25010388 PMCID: PMC4254084 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 681] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Complex genetic and physiological variations as well as environmental factors that drive emergence of chromosomal instability, development of unscheduled cell death, skewed differentiation, and altered metabolism are central to the pathogenesis of human diseases and disorders. Understanding the molecular bases for these processes is important for the development of new diagnostic biomarkers, and for identifying new therapeutic targets. In 1973, a group of non-histone nuclear proteins with high electrophoretic mobility was discovered and termed high-mobility group (HMG) proteins. The HMG proteins include three superfamilies termed HMGB, HMGN, and HMGA. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), the most abundant and well-studied HMG protein, senses and coordinates the cellular stress response and plays a critical role not only inside of the cell as a DNA chaperone, chromosome guardian, autophagy sustainer, and protector from apoptotic cell death, but also outside the cell as the prototypic damage associated molecular pattern molecule (DAMP). This DAMP, in conjunction with other factors, thus has cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor activity, orchestrating the inflammatory and immune response. All of these characteristics make HMGB1 a critical molecular target in multiple human diseases including infectious diseases, ischemia, immune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer. Indeed, a number of emergent strategies have been used to inhibit HMGB1 expression, release, and activity in vitro and in vivo. These include antibodies, peptide inhibitors, RNAi, anti-coagulants, endogenous hormones, various chemical compounds, HMGB1-receptor and signaling pathway inhibition, artificial DNAs, physical strategies including vagus nerve stimulation and other surgical approaches. Future work further investigating the details of HMGB1 localization, structure, post-translational modification, and identification of additional partners will undoubtedly uncover additional secrets regarding HMGB1's multiple functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
| | - Ruochan Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Qiuhong Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Wen Hou
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Sha Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Lizhi Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xue-Gong Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhengwen Yan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Xiaofang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Experimental Department of Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510510, China
| | - Haichao Wang
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Qingde Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Herbert J Zeh
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Michael T Lotze
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
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24
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Van Damme P, Gawron D, Van Criekinge W, Menschaert G. N-terminal proteomics and ribosome profiling provide a comprehensive view of the alternative translation initiation landscape in mice and men. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 13:1245-61. [PMID: 24623590 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.036442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Usage of presumed 5'UTR or downstream in-frame AUG codons, next to non-AUG codons as translation start codons contributes to the diversity of a proteome as protein isoforms harboring different N-terminal extensions or truncations can serve different functions. Recent ribosome profiling data revealed a highly underestimated occurrence of database nonannotated, and thus alternative translation initiation sites (aTIS), at the mRNA level. N-terminomics data in addition showed that in higher eukaryotes around 20% of all identified protein N termini point to such aTIS, to incorrect assignments of the translation start codon, translation initiation at near-cognate start codons, or to alternative splicing. We here report on more than 1700 unique alternative protein N termini identified at the proteome level in human and murine cellular proteomes. Customized databases, created using the translation initiation mapping obtained from ribosome profiling data, additionally demonstrate the use of initiator methionine decoded near-cognate start codons besides the existence of N-terminal extended protein variants at the level of the proteome. Various newly identified aTIS were confirmed by mutagenesis, and meta-analyses demonstrated that aTIS reside in strong Kozak-like motifs and are conserved among eukaryotes, hinting to a possible biological impact. Finally, TargetP analysis predicted that the usage of aTIS often results in altered subcellular localization patterns, providing a mechanism for functional diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Van Damme
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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25
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Abstract
To date, 18 distinct receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are reported to be trafficked from the cell surface to the nucleus in response to ligand binding or heterologous agonist exposure. In most cases, an intracellular domain (ICD) fragment of the receptor is generated at the cell surface and translocated to the nucleus, whereas for a few others the intact receptor is translocated to the nucleus. ICD fragments are generated by several mechanisms, including proteolysis, internal translation initiation, and messenger RNA (mRNA) splicing. The most prevalent mechanism is intramembrane cleavage by γ-secretase. In some cases, more than one mechanism has been reported for the nuclear localization of a specific RTK. The generation and use of RTK ICD fragments to directly communicate with the nucleus and influence gene expression parallels the production of ICD fragments by a number of non-RTK cell-surface molecules that also influence cell proliferation. This review will be focused on the individual RTKs and to a lesser extent on other growth-related cell-surface transmembrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Carpenter
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146
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26
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Mapping C-terminal transactivation domains of the nuclear HER family receptor tyrosine kinase HER3. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71518. [PMID: 23951180 PMCID: PMC3738522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear localized HER family receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) have been observed in primary tumor specimens and cancer cell lines for nearly two decades. Inside the nucleus, HER family members (EGFR, HER2, and HER3) have been shown to function as co-transcriptional activators for various cancer-promoting genes. However, the regions of each receptor that confer transcriptional potential remain poorly defined. The current study aimed to map the putative transactivation domains (TADs) of the HER3 receptor. To accomplish this goal, various intracellular regions of HER3 were fused to the DNA binding domain of the yeast transcription factor Gal4 (Gal4DBD) and tested for their ability to transactivate Gal4 UAS-luciferase. Results from these analyses demonstrated that the C-terminal domain of HER3 (CTD, amino acids distal to the tyrosine kinase domain) contained potent transactivation potential. Next, nine HER3-CTD truncation mutants were constructed to map minimal regions of transactivation potential using the Gal4 UAS-luciferase based system. These analyses identified a bipartite region of 34 (B1) and 27 (B2) amino acids in length that conferred the majority of HER3’s transactivation potential. Next, we identified full-length nuclear HER3 association and regulation of a 122 bp region of the cyclin D1 promoter. To understand how the B1 and B2 regions influenced the transcriptional functions of nuclear HER3, we performed cyclin D1 promoter-luciferase assays in which HER3 deleted of the B1 and B2 regions was severely hindered in regulating this promoter. Further, the overexpression of HER3 enhanced cyclin D1 mRNA expression, while HER3 deleted of its identified TADs was hindered at doing so. Thus, the ability for HER3 to function as a transcriptional co-activator may be dependent on specific C-terminal TADs.
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27
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Van Raamsdonk CD, Deo M. Links between Schwann cells and melanocytes in development and disease. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2013; 26:634-45. [DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mugdha Deo
- Department of Medical Genetics; University of British Columbia; Vancouver; BC; Canada
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28
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Song S, Rosen KM, Corfas G. Biological function of nuclear receptor tyrosine kinase action. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2013; 5:5/7/a009001. [PMID: 23818495 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a009001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) were believed until recently to act at the cell membrane in a singular fashion (i.e., binding of ligands on the extracellular domain would activate the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity in the intracellular domain), which would then start a cascade involving other intracellular signaling molecules that would act as effectors. However, new evidence indicates that some RTKs can signal through a different modality; they can move into the nucleus where they directly exert their actions. Although some studies have showed that the proteolytically released intracellular domain of several RTKs can move to the nucleus where they influence gene expression and cell function, others suggest that RTKs can also move to the nucleus as holoproteins. The identification of this novel signaling mechanism calls for a critical reevaluation of the mechanisms of action of RTKs and their biological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungmin Song
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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29
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Abstract
Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) is an axon-derived factor that is critical for Schwann cell (SC) development and myelinogenesis in a manner dependent on transmembrane tyrosine kinases ErbB2 and ErbB3. Recent studies suggest that NRG1 signaling plays a role in remyelination of regenerated nerves after injury. In this study, we investigated the role of Erbin, a protein that interacts with ErbB2 in remyelination of injured nerves. We show that Erbin expression increased dramatically in injured nerves. Myelinated axons were fewer, and g-ratios of those that were myelinated were increased in erbin(-/-) mice, which were impaired in functional recovery from nerve injury. These results indicate a necessary role of Erbin in remyelination of regenerating axons. Erbin ablation had little effect on numbers of BrdU-labeled and TUNEL-labeled SCs, suggesting mechanisms independent of altered proliferation or apoptosis. We demonstrated that Erbin mutant mice were impaired in raising or maintaining the levels of ErbB2 and in producing NRG1 in axons. Together, these observations demonstrate that Erbin is required for remyelination of regenerated axons after injury, probably by regulating ErbB2 and NRG1 levels, identifying a novel player in regulating remyelination.
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30
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Chang HM, Shyu MK, Tseng GF, Liu CH, Chang HS, Lan CT, Hsu WM, Liao WC. Neuregulin facilitates nerve regeneration by speeding Schwann cell migration via ErbB2/3-dependent FAK pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53444. [PMID: 23301073 PMCID: PMC3534691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adequate migration of Schwann cells (Sc) is crucial for axon-guidance in the regenerative process after peripheral nerve injury (PNI). Considering neuregulin-erbB-FAK signaling is an essential pathway participating in the regulation of Sc migration during development, the present study is aimed to examine whether neuregulin would exert its beneficial effects on adult following PNI and further determine the potential changes of downstream pathway engaged in neuro-regeneration by both in vitro and in vivo approaches. Methodology and Principal Findings Cultured RSC96 cells treated with neuregulin were processed for erbB2/3 immunofluorescence and FAK immunoblotings. The potential effects of neuregulin on Sc were assessed by cell adherence, spreading, and migration assays. In order to evaluate the functional significance of neuregulin on neuro-regeneration, the in vivo model of PNI was performed by chronic end-to-side neurorrhaphy (ESN). In vitro studies indicated that after neuregulin incubation, erbB2/3 were not only expressed in cell membranes, but also distributed throughout the cytoplasm and nucleus of RSC96 cells. Activation of erbB2/3 was positively correlated with FAK phosphorylation. Neuregulin also increases Sc adherence, spreading, and migration by 127.2±5.0%, 336.8±3.0%, and 80.0±5.7%, respectively. As for in vivo study, neuregulin significantly accelerates the speed of Sc migration and increases Sc expression in the distal stump of injured nerves. Retrograde labeling and compound muscle action potential recordings (CMAP) also showed that neuregulin successfully facilitates nerve regeneration by eliciting noticeably larger CMAP and promoting quick re-innervation of target muscles. Conclusions As neuregulin successfully improves axo-glial interaction by speeding Sc migration via the erbB2/3-FAK pathway, therapeutic use of neuregulin may thus serve as a promising strategy to facilitate the progress of nerve regeneration after PNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Ming Chang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kwang Shyu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guo-Fang Tseng
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Hui Liu
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Shuo Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chyn-Tair Lan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ming Hsu
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chieh Liao
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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31
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Andrique L, Fauvin D, El Maassarani M, Colasson H, Vannier B, Séité P. ErbB380kDa, a nuclear variant of the ErbB3 receptor, binds to the Cyclin D1 promoter to activate cell proliferation but is negatively controlled by p14ARF. Cell Signal 2012; 24:1074-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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32
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Fricker FR, Bennett DL. The role of neuregulin-1 in the response to nerve injury. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2011; 6:809-822. [PMID: 22121335 DOI: 10.2217/fnl.11.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Axons and Schwann cells exist in a highly interdependent relationship: damage to one cell type invariably leads to pathophysiological changes in the other. Greater understanding of communication between these cell types will not only give insight into peripheral nerve development, but also the reaction to and recovery from peripheral nerve injury. The type III isoform of neuregulin-1 (NRG1) has emerged as a key signaling factor that is expressed on axons and, through binding to erbB2/3 receptors on Schwann cells, regulates multiple phases of their development. In adulthood, NRG1 is dispensable for the maintenance of the myelin sheath; however, this factor is required for both axon regeneration and remyelination following nerve injury. The outcome of NRG1 signaling depends on interactions with other pathways within Schwann cells such as Notch, integrin and cAMP signaling. In certain circumstances, this signaling pathway may be maladaptive; for instance, direct binding of Mycobacterium leprae onto erbB2 receptors produces excessive activation and can actually promote demyelination. Attempts to modulate this pathway in order to promote nerve repair will therefore need to give consideration to the exact isoform used, as well as how it is processed and the context in which it is presented to the Schwann cell.
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