1
|
Kasberg W, Luong P, Minushkin K, Pustova I, Swift KA, Zhao M, Audhya A. TFG regulates inner COPII coat recruitment to facilitate anterograde secretory protein transport. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar113. [PMID: 38985515 PMCID: PMC11321049 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e24-06-0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Coat protein complex II (COPII) governs the initial steps of biosynthetic secretory protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), facilitating the movement of a wide variety of cargoes. Here, we demonstrate that Trk-fused gene (TFG) regulates the rate at which inner COPII coat proteins are concentrated at ER subdomains. Specifically, in cells lacking TFG, the GTPase-activating protein (GAP) Sec23 accumulates more rapidly at budding sites on the ER as compared with control cells, potentially altering the normal timing of GTP hydrolysis on Sar1. Under these conditions, anterograde trafficking of several secretory cargoes is delayed, irrespective of their predicted size. We propose that TFG controls the local, freely available pool of Sec23 during COPII coat formation and limits its capacity to prematurely destabilize COPII complexes on the ER. This function of TFG enables it to act akin to a rheostat, promoting the ordered recruitment of Sec23, which is critical for efficient secretory cargo export.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Kasberg
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706
| | - Peter Luong
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706
| | - Kayla Minushkin
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706
| | - Iryna Pustova
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706
| | - Kevin A. Swift
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706
| | - Meixian Zhao
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706
| | - Anjon Audhya
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hsiao C, Tsai T, Shen T, Tsai Y, Liao Y, Lee Y, Tsai P. Characterization of a novel TFG variant causing autosomal recessive pure hereditary spastic paraplegia. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2024; 11:1909-1920. [PMID: 38837630 PMCID: PMC11251477 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.52113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE TFG mutations have previously been implicated in autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), also known as SPG57. This study aimed to investigate the clinical and molecular features of TFG mutations in a Taiwanese HSP cohort. METHODS Genetic analysis of TFG was conducted in 242 unrelated Taiwanese HSP patients using a targeted resequencing panel covering the entire coding regions of TFG. Functional assays were performed using an in vitro cell model to assess the impact of TFG variants on protein function. Additionally, other representative TFG mutant proteins were examined to understand the broader implications of TFG mutations in HSP. RESULTS The study identified a novel homozygous TFG c.177A>C (p.(Lys59Asn)) variant in a family with adolescent-onset, pure form HSP. Functional analysis revealed that the Lys59Asn TFG variant, similar to other HSP-associated TFG mutants, exhibited a low affinity between TFG monomers and abnormal assembly of TFG homo-oligomers. These structural alterations led to aberrant intracellular distribution, compromising TFG's protein secretion function and resulting in decreased cellular viability. INTERPRETATION These findings confirm that the homozygous TFG c.177A>C (p.(Lys59Asn)) variant is a novel cause of SPG57. The study expands our understanding of the clinical and mutational spectrum of TFG-associated diseases, highlighting the functional defects associated with this specific TFG variant. Overall, this research contributes to the broader comprehension of the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying HSP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng‐Tsung Hsiao
- Department of NeurologyTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of NeurologyNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Tzu‐Yun Tsai
- Department of Life SciencesNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Ting‐Yi Shen
- Department of Life SciencesNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Shuen Tsai
- Cancer and Immunology Research CenterNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yi‐Chu Liao
- Department of NeurologyTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of NeurologyNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
- Brain Research CenterNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yi‐Chung Lee
- Department of NeurologyTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of NeurologyNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
- Brain Research CenterNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio‐devices (IDS2B)National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchuTaiwan
| | - Pei‐Chien Tsai
- Department of Life SciencesNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Research CenterNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu X, Xie T, Zhou M, Sun Y, Wang F, Tian Y, Chen Z, Xie Y, Wu R, Cen X, Zhou J, Hou T, Zhang L, Huang C, Zhao Q, Wang D, Xia H. Hsc70 promotes anti-tumor immunity by targeting PD-L1 for lysosomal degradation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4237. [PMID: 38762492 PMCID: PMC11102475 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48597-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibition targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway has become a powerful clinical strategy for treating cancer, but its efficacy is complicated by various resistance mechanisms. One of the reasons for the resistance is the internalization and recycling of PD-L1 itself upon antibody binding. The inhibition of lysosome-mediated degradation of PD-L1 is critical for preserving the amount of PD-L1 recycling back to the cell membrane. In this study, we find that Hsc70 promotes PD-L1 degradation through the endosome-lysosome pathway and reduces PD-L1 recycling to the cell membrane. This effect is dependent on Hsc70-PD-L1 binding which inhibits the CMTM6-PD-L1 interaction. We further identify an Hsp90α/β inhibitor, AUY-922, which induces Hsc70 expression and PD-L1 lysosomal degradation. Either Hsc70 overexpression or AUY-922 treatment can reduce PD-L1 expression, inhibit tumor growth and promote anti-tumor immunity in female mice; AUY-922 can further enhance the anti-tumor efficacy of anti-PD-L1 and anti-CTLA4 treatment. Our study elucidates a molecular mechanism of Hsc70-mediated PD-L1 lysosomal degradation and provides a target and therapeutic strategies for tumor immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Xu
- Research Center of Clinical Pharmacy of The First Affiliated Hospital & Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingxue Xie
- Research Center of Clinical Pharmacy of The First Affiliated Hospital & Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengxin Zhou
- Research Center of Clinical Pharmacy of The First Affiliated Hospital & Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaqin Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengqi Wang
- Research Center of Clinical Pharmacy of The First Affiliated Hospital & Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanan Tian
- Research Center of Clinical Pharmacy of The First Affiliated Hospital & Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziyan Chen
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanqi Xie
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ronghai Wu
- Hangzhou PhecdaMed Co.Ltd, 2626 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xufeng Cen
- Research Center of Clinical Pharmacy of The First Affiliated Hospital & Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jichun Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingjun Hou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology/Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaoyang Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingwei Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongrui Wang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Hongguang Xia
- Research Center of Clinical Pharmacy of The First Affiliated Hospital & Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Steinmetz T, Thomas J, Reimann L, Himmelreich AK, Schulz SR, Golombek F, Castiglione K, Jäck HM, Brodesser S, Warscheid B, Mielenz D. Identification of TFG- and Autophagy-Regulated Proteins and Glycerophospholipids in B Cells. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:1615-1633. [PMID: 38649144 PMCID: PMC11077586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy supervises the proteostasis and survival of B lymphocytic cells. Trk-fused gene (TFG) promotes autophagosome-lysosome flux in murine CH12 B cells, as well as their survival. Hence, quantitative proteomics of CH12tfgKO and WT B cells in combination with lysosomal inhibition should identify proteins that are prone to lysosomal degradation and contribute to autophagy and B cell survival. Lysosome inhibition via NH4Cl unexpectedly reduced a number of proteins but increased a large cluster of translational, ribosomal, and mitochondrial proteins, independent of TFG. Hence, we propose a role for lysosomes in ribophagy in B cells. TFG-regulated proteins include CD74, BCL10, or the immunoglobulin JCHAIN. Gene ontology (GO) analysis reveals that proteins regulated by TFG alone, or in concert with lysosomes, localize to mitochondria and membrane-bound organelles. Likewise, TFG regulates the abundance of metabolic enzymes, such as ALDOC and the fatty acid-activating enzyme ACOT9. To test consequently for a function of TFG in lipid metabolism, we performed shotgun lipidomics of glycerophospholipids. Total phosphatidylglycerol is more abundant in CH12tfgKO B cells. Several glycerophospholipid species with similar acyl side chains, such as 36:2 phosphatidylethanolamine and 36:2 phosphatidylinositol, show a dysequilibrium. We suggest a role for TFG in lipid homeostasis, mitochondrial functions, translation, and metabolism in B cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobit
D. Steinmetz
- Division
of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jana Thomas
- Division
of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lena Reimann
- CIBSS
Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Himmelreich
- Division
of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian R. Schulz
- Division
of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Golombek
- Chair
of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical Faculty, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Castiglione
- Chair
of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical Faculty, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Jäck
- Division
of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
- FAU
Profile Center Immunomedicine (FAU I-MED), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossplatz 1, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne Brodesser
- Cologne
Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated
Diseases (CECAD), University of Köln, D-50931 Köln, Germany
| | - Bettina Warscheid
- CIBSS
Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Department
of Biochemistry, Theodor Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Mielenz
- Division
of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
- FAU
Profile Center Immunomedicine (FAU I-MED), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossplatz 1, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Qiu H, Wu X, Ma X, Li S, Cai Q, Ganzella M, Ge L, Zhang H, Zhang M. Short-distance vesicle transport via phase separation. Cell 2024; 187:2175-2193.e21. [PMID: 38552623 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
In addition to long-distance molecular motor-mediated transport, cellular vesicles also need to be moved at short distances with defined directions to meet functional needs in subcellular compartments but with unknown mechanisms. Such short-distance vesicle transport does not involve molecular motors. Here, we demonstrate, using synaptic vesicle (SV) transport as a paradigm, that phase separation of synaptic proteins with vesicles can facilitate regulated, directional vesicle transport between different presynaptic bouton sub-compartments. Specifically, a large coiled-coil scaffold protein Piccolo, in response to Ca2+ and via its C2A domain-mediated Ca2+ sensing, can extract SVs from the synapsin-clustered reserve pool condensate and deposit the extracted SVs onto the surface of the active zone protein condensate. We further show that the Trk-fused gene, TFG, also participates in COPII vesicle trafficking from ER to the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment via phase separation. Thus, phase separation may play a general role in short-distance, directional vesicle transport in cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Qiu
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiandeng Wu
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shulin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qixu Cai
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Marcelo Ganzella
- Department of Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Liang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- Greater Bay Biomedical Innocenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518036, China; School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yamamotoya T, Ohata Y, Akasaka Y, Hasei S, Inoue MK, Nakatsu Y, Kanna M, Yamazaki H, Kushiyama A, Fujishiro M, Ono H, Sakoda H, Yamada T, Ishihara H, Asano T. Trk-fused gene plays a critical role in diet-induced adipose tissue expansion and is also involved in thyroid hormone action. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae150. [PMID: 38681675 PMCID: PMC11046318 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in the Trk-fused gene (TFG) cause hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy with proximal dominant involvement, which reportedly has high co-incidences with diabetes and dyslipidemia, suggesting critical roles of the TFG in metabolism as well. We found that TFG expression levels in white adipose tissues (WATs) were elevated in both genetically and diet-induced obese mice and that TFG deletion in preadipocytes from the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) markedly inhibited adipogenesis. To investigate its role in vivo, we generated tamoxifen-inducible adipocyte-specific TFG knockout (AiTFG KO) mice. While a marked down-regulation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma target, de novo lipogenesis (DNL), and mitochondria-related gene expressions were observed in subcutaneous WAT (scWAT) from AiTFG KO mice, these effects were blunted in SVF-derived adipocytes when the TFG was deleted after differentiation into adipocytes, implying cell nonautonomous effects. Intriguingly, expressions of thyroid hormone receptors, as well as carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein β, which mediates the metabolic actions of thyroid hormone, were drastically down-regulated in scWAT from AiTFG KO mice. Reduced DNL and thermogenic gene expressions in AiTFG KO mice might be attributable to impaired thyroid hormone action in vivo. Finally, when adipocyte TFG was deleted in either the early or the late phase of high-fat diet feeding, the former brought about an impaired expansion of epididymal WAT, whereas the latter caused prominent adipocyte cell death. TFG deletion in adipocytes markedly exacerbated hepatic steatosis in both experimental settings. Collectively, these observations indicate that the TFG plays essential roles in maintaining normal adipocyte functions, including an enlargement of adipose tissue, thyroid hormone function, and thermogenic gene expressions, and in preserving hypertrophic adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yamamotoya
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yukino Ohata
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Akasaka
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Shun Hasei
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Masa-Ki Inoue
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakatsu
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Machi Kanna
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamazaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8606, Japan
| | - Akifumi Kushiyama
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose City, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Midori Fujishiro
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchikamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Hiraku Ono
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sakoda
- Department of Bioregulatory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamada
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hisamitsu Ishihara
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchikamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Tomoichiro Asano
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wegeng WR, Bogus SM, Ruiz M, Chavez SR, Noori KSM, Niesman IR, Ernst AM. A Hollow TFG Condensate Spatially Compartmentalizes the Early Secretory Pathway. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.26.586876. [PMID: 38585729 PMCID: PMC10996658 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.26.586876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
In the early secretory pathway, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi membranes form a nearly spherical interface. In this ribosome-excluding zone, bidirectional transport of cargo coincides with a spatial segregation of anterograde and retrograde carriers by an unknown mechanism. We show that at physiological conditions, Trk-fused gene (TFG) self-organizes to form a hollow, anisotropic condensate that matches the dimensions of the ER-Golgi interface. Regularly spaced hydrophobic residues in TFG control the condensation mechanism and result in a porous condensate surface. We find that TFG condensates act as a molecular sieve, enabling molecules corresponding to the size of anterograde coats (COPII) to access the condensate interior while restricting retrograde coats (COPI). We propose that a hollow TFG condensate structures the ER-Golgi interface to create a diffusion-limited space for bidirectional transport. We further propose that TFG condensates optimize membrane flux by insulating secretory carriers in their lumen from retrograde carriers outside TFG cages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William R. Wegeng
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Savannah M. Bogus
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Miguel Ruiz
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Sindy R. Chavez
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Khalid S. M. Noori
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Ingrid R. Niesman
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182 USA
| | - Andreas M. Ernst
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu L, Wang Y, Wang W, Zhang R, Zhao D, Yun Y, Liu F, Zhao Y, Yan C, Lin P. Novel TFG mutation causes autosomal-dominant spastic paraplegia and defects in autophagy. J Med Genet 2024; 61:325-331. [PMID: 37890998 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2023-109485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the tropomyosin receptor kinase fused (TFG) gene are associated with various neurological disorders, including autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), autosomal dominant hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy with proximal dominant involvement (HMSN-P) and autosomal dominant type of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2. METHODS Whole genome sequencing and whole-exome sequencing were used, followed by Sanger sequencing for validation. Haplotype analysis was performed to confirm the inheritance mode of the novel TFG mutation in a large Chinese family with HSP. Additionally, another family diagnosed with HMSN-P and carrying the reported TFG mutation was studied. Clinical data and muscle pathology comparisons were drawn between patients with HSP and patients with HMSN-P. Furthermore, functional studies using skin fibroblasts derived from patients with HSP and patients with HMSN-P were conducted to investigate the pathomechanisms of TFG mutations. RESULTS A novel heterozygous TFG variant (NM_006070.6: c.125G>A (p.R42Q)) was identified and caused pure HSP. We further confirmed that the well-documented recessively inherited spastic paraplegia, caused by homozygous TFG mutations, exists in a dominantly inherited form. Although the clinical features and muscle pathology between patients with HSP and patients with HMSN-P were distinct, skin fibroblasts derived from both patient groups exhibited reduced levels of autophagy-related proteins and the presence of TFG-positive puncta. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that autophagy impairment may serve as a common pathomechanism among different clinical phenotypes caused by TFG mutations. Consequently, targeting autophagy may facilitate the development of a uniform treatment for TFG-related neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- Department of Neurology and Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yaru Wang
- Department of Neurology and Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Wenqing Wang
- Department of Neurology and Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Department of Neurology and Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yan Yun
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Fuchen Liu
- Department of Neurology and Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yuying Zhao
- Department of Neurology and Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Chuanzhu Yan
- Department of Neurology and Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Pengfei Lin
- Department of Neurology and Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ün D, Kovalchuk V, El-Kasaby A, Kasture A, Koban F, Kudlacek O, Freissmuth M, Sucic S. Breaking the rules of SLC6 transporters: Export of the human creatine transporter-1 from the endoplasmic reticulum is supported by its N-terminus. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 38419374 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in the human creatine transporter 1 (CRT1/SLC6A8) cause the creatine transporter deficiency syndrome, which is characterized by intellectual disability, epilepsy, autism, and developmental delay. The vast majority of mutations cause protein misfolding and hence reduce cell surface expression. Hence, it is important to understand the molecular machinery supporting folding and export of CRT1 from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). All other SLC6 members thus far investigated rely on a C-terminal motif for binding the COPII-component SEC24 to drive their ER export; their N-termini are dispensable. Here, we show that, in contrast, in CRT1 the C-terminal ER-export motif is cryptic and it is the N-terminus, which supports ER export. This conclusion is based on the following observations: (i) siRNA-induced depletion of individual SEC24 isoforms revealed that CRT1 relied on SEC24C for ER export. However, mutations of the C-terminal canonical ER-export motif of CRT1 did not impair its cell surface delivery. (ii) Nevertheless, the C-terminal motif of CRT1 was operational in a chimeric protein comprising the serotonin transporter (SERT/SLC6A4) and the C-terminus of CRT1. (iii) Tagging of the N-terminus-but not the C-terminus-with yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) resulted in ER retention. (iv) Serial truncations of the N-terminus showed that removal of ≥51 residues of CRT1 impaired surface delivery, because the truncated CRT1 were confined to the ER. (v) Mutation of P51 to alanine also reduced cell surface delivery of CRT1 and relieved its dependence on SEC24C. Thus, the ER-export motif in the N-terminus of CRT1 overrides the canonical C-terminal motif.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Didem Ün
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vasylyna Kovalchuk
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ali El-Kasaby
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ameya Kasture
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Neuroscience and Developmental Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Koban
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Kudlacek
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Freissmuth
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Sucic
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Damiani D, Baggiani M, Della Vecchia S, Naef V, Santorelli FM. Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Preclinical Cellular Model for Studying Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2615. [PMID: 38473862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) comprise a family of degenerative diseases mostly hitting descending axons of corticospinal neurons. Depending on the gene and mutation involved, the disease could present as a pure form with limb spasticity, or a complex form associated with cerebellar and/or cortical signs such as ataxia, dysarthria, epilepsy, and intellectual disability. The progressive nature of HSPs invariably leads patients to require walking canes or wheelchairs over time. Despite several attempts to ameliorate the life quality of patients that have been tested, current therapeutical approaches are just symptomatic, as no cure is available. Progress in research in the last two decades has identified a vast number of genes involved in HSP etiology, using cellular and animal models generated on purpose. Although unanimously considered invaluable tools for basic research, those systems are rarely predictive for the establishment of a therapeutic approach. The advent of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells allowed instead the direct study of morphological and molecular properties of the patient's affected neurons generated upon in vitro differentiation. In this review, we revisited all the present literature recently published regarding the use of iPS cells to differentiate HSP patient-specific neurons. Most studies have defined patient-derived neurons as a reliable model to faithfully mimic HSP in vitro, discovering original findings through immunological and -omics approaches, and providing a platform to screen novel or repurposed drugs. Thereby, one of the biggest hopes of current HSP research regards the use of patient-derived iPS cells to expand basic knowledge on the disease, while simultaneously establishing new therapeutic treatments for both generalized and personalized approaches in daily medical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devid Damiani
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Via dei Giacinti 2, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Baggiani
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Via dei Giacinti 2, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Della Vecchia
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Via dei Giacinti 2, 56128 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Naef
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Via dei Giacinti 2, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Maria Santorelli
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Via dei Giacinti 2, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sun S, Zhao G, Jia M, Jiang Q, Li S, Wang H, Li W, Wang Y, Bian X, Zhao YG, Huang X, Yang G, Cai H, Pastor-Pareja JC, Ge L, Zhang C, Hu J. Stay in touch with the endoplasmic reticulum. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:230-257. [PMID: 38212460 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2443-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is composed of a continuous network of tubules and sheets, forms the most widely distributed membrane system in eukaryotic cells. As a result, it engages a variety of organelles by establishing membrane contact sites (MCSs). These contacts regulate organelle positioning and remodeling, including fusion and fission, facilitate precise lipid exchange, and couple vital signaling events. Here, we systematically review recent advances and converging themes on ER-involved organellar contact. The molecular basis, cellular influence, and potential physiological functions for ER/nuclear envelope contacts with mitochondria, Golgi, endosomes, lysosomes, lipid droplets, autophagosomes, and plasma membrane are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sha Sun
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Gan Zhao
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Mingkang Jia
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shulin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Laboratory of Computational Biology & Machine Intelligence, School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yunyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xin Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Yan G Zhao
- Brain Research Center, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Xun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Ge Yang
- Laboratory of Computational Biology & Machine Intelligence, School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Huaqing Cai
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Jose C Pastor-Pareja
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Institute of Neurosciences, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientfflcas-Universidad Miguel Hernandez, San Juan de Alicante, 03550, Spain.
| | - Liang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Chuanmao Zhang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Junjie Hu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kasberg W, Luong P, Swift KA, Audhya A. Nutrient deprivation alters the rate of COPII subunit recruitment at ER subdomains to tune secretory protein transport. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8140. [PMID: 38066006 PMCID: PMC10709328 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Co-assembly of the multilayered coat protein complex II (COPII) with the Sar1 GTPase at subdomains of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) enables secretory cargoes to be concentrated efficiently within nascent transport intermediates, which subsequently deliver their contents to ER-Golgi intermediate compartments. Here, we define the spatiotemporal accumulation of native COPII subunits and secretory cargoes at ER subdomains under differing nutrient availability conditions using a combination of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing and live cell imaging. Our findings demonstrate that the rate of inner COPII coat recruitment serves as a determinant for the pace of cargo export, irrespective of COPII subunit expression levels. Moreover, increasing inner COPII coat recruitment kinetics is sufficient to rescue cargo trafficking deficits caused by acute nutrient limitation. Our findings are consistent with a model in which the rate of inner COPII coat addition acts as an important control point to regulate cargo export from the ER.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Kasberg
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Peter Luong
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Kevin A Swift
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Anjon Audhya
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rosenberg GM, Abskharon R, Boyer DR, Ge P, Sawaya MR, Eisenberg DS. Fibril structures of TFG protein mutants validate the identification of TFG as a disease-related amyloid protein by the IMPAcT method. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad402. [PMID: 38077690 PMCID: PMC10703350 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
We previously presented a bioinformatic method for identifying diseases that arise from a mutation in a protein's low-complexity domain that drives the protein into pathogenic amyloid fibrils. One protein so identified was the tropomyosin-receptor kinase-fused gene protein (TRK-fused gene protein or TFG). Mutations in TFG are associated with degenerative neurological conditions. Here, we present experimental evidence that confirms our prediction that these conditions are amyloid-related. We find that the low-complexity domain of TFG containing the disease-related mutations G269V or P285L forms amyloid fibrils, and we determine their structures using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). These structures are unmistakably amyloid in nature and confirm the propensity of the mutant TFG low-complexity domain to form amyloid fibrils. Also, despite resulting from a pathogenic mutation, the fibril structures bear some similarities to other amyloid structures that are thought to be nonpathogenic and even functional, but there are other factors that support these structures' relevance to disease, including an increased propensity to form amyloid compared with the wild-type sequence, structure-stabilizing influence from the mutant residues themselves, and double-protofilament amyloid cores. Our findings elucidate two potentially disease-relevant structures of a previously unknown amyloid and also show how the structural features of pathogenic amyloid fibrils may not conform to the features commonly associated with pathogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Rosenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Romany Abskharon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - David R Boyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Peng Ge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael R Sawaya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - David S Eisenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li Q, Song Q, Guo W, Cao Y, Cui X, Chen D, Shum HC. Synthetic Membraneless Droplets for Synaptic-Like Clustering of Lipid Vesicles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313096. [PMID: 37728515 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, the membraneless organelles (MLOs) formed via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) are found to interact intimately with membranous organelles (MOs). One major mode is the clustering of MOs by MLOs, such as the formation of clusters of synaptic vesicles at nerve terminals mediated by the synapsin-rich MLOs. Aqueous droplets, including complex coacervates and aqueous two-phase systems, have been plausible MLO-mimics to emulate or elucidate biological processes. However, neither of them can cluster lipid vesicles (LVs) like MLOs. In this work, we develop a synthetic droplet assembled from a combination of two different interactions underlying the formation of these two droplets, namely, associative and segregative interactions, which we call segregative-associative (SA) droplets. The SA droplets cluster and disperse LVs recapitulating the key functional features of synapsin condensates, which can be attributed to the weak electrostatic interaction environment provided by SA droplets. This work suggests LLPS with combined segregative and associative interactions as a possible route for synaptic clustering of lipid vesicles and highlights SA droplets as plausible MLO-mimics and models for studying and mimicking related cellular dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingchuan Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan, Shandong, P.R.China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong (SAR), Hong Kong, China
| | - Qingchun Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong (SAR), Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinyu Cui
- Department of Public Health, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, P. R. China
| | - Dairong Chen
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan, Shandong, P.R.China
| | - Ho Cheung Shum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong (SAR), Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gallo R, Rai AK, McIntyre ABR, Meyer K, Pelkmans L. DYRK3 enables secretory trafficking by maintaining the liquid-like state of ER exit sites. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1880-1897.e11. [PMID: 37643612 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The dual-specificity kinase DYRK3 controls the formation and dissolution of multiple biomolecular condensates, regulating processes including stress recovery and mitotic progression. Here, we report that DYRK3 functionally interacts with proteins associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit sites (ERESs) and that inhibition of DYRK3 perturbs the organization of the ERES-Golgi interface and secretory trafficking. DYRK3-mediated regulation of ERES depends on the N-terminal intrinsically disordered region (IDR) of the peripheral membrane protein SEC16A, which co-phase separates with ERES components to form liquid-like condensates on the surface of the ER. By modulating the liquid-like properties of ERES, we show that their physical state is essential for functional cargo trafficking through the early secretory pathway. Our findings support a mechanism whereby phosphorylation by DYRK3 and its reversal by serine-threonine phosphatases regulate the material properties of ERES to create a favorable physicochemical environment for directional membrane traffic in eukaryotic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Gallo
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arpan Kumar Rai
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Alexa B R McIntyre
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katrina Meyer
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Pelkmans
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li R, Pang L. Comparing the effects of proteins with IDRs on membrane system in yeast, mammalian cells, and the model plant Arabidopsis. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 74:102375. [PMID: 37172364 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Membrane vesiculation is an energy-costing process. Previous studies paid much attention to proteins with curvature-inducing motifs. Recent publications reveal that the liquid-like protein assembly on membrane surfaces provides an efficient yet structure-independent mechanism for increasing the membrane curvature, which plays important roles in vesicle transport in many aspects. Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) within the proteins are highly potent drivers of membrane curvature by providing large hydrodynamic radii to generate steric pressure. Biomolecular condensates formed by phase separation can provide a reaction platform for sequential processes or generate a wetting surface to sequestrate cargos and trigger membrane remodeling. We review the latest progress in yeast and mammalian cells, focus on the mechanism of clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) and autophagy initiation, and compare with what we know in model plant Arabidopsis. The comparison may give important insights into the understanding of basic membrane trafficking mechanisms in plant cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruixi Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Lei Pang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kasberg W, Luong P, Hanna MG, Minushkin K, Tsao A, Shankar R, Block S, Audhya A. The Sar1 GTPase is dispensable for COPII-dependent cargo export from the ER. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112635. [PMID: 37300835 PMCID: PMC10592460 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Coat protein complex II (COPII) plays an integral role in the packaging of secretory cargoes within membrane-enclosed transport carriers that leave the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) from discrete subdomains. Lipid bilayer remodeling necessary for this process is driven initially by membrane penetration mediated by the Sar1 GTPase and further stabilized by assembly of a multilayered complex of several COPII proteins. However, the relative contributions of these distinct factors to transport carrier formation and protein trafficking remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that anterograde cargo transport from the ER continues in the absence of Sar1, although the efficiency of this process is dramatically reduced. Specifically, secretory cargoes are retained nearly five times longer at ER subdomains when Sar1 is depleted, but they ultimately remain capable of being translocated to the perinuclear region of cells. Taken together, our findings highlight alternative mechanisms by which COPII promotes transport carrier biogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Kasberg
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Peter Luong
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Michael G Hanna
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kayla Minushkin
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Annabelle Tsao
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Raakhee Shankar
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Samuel Block
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Anjon Audhya
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Avula K, Singh B, Samantaray S, Syed GH. The Early Secretory Pathway Is Crucial for Multiple Aspects of the Hepatitis C Virus Life Cycle. J Virol 2023:e0018023. [PMID: 37338368 PMCID: PMC10373535 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00180-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Although most of the early events of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) life cycle are well characterized, our understanding of HCV egress is still unclear. Some reports implicate the conventional endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi route, while some propose noncanonical secretory routes. Initially, the envelopment of HCV nucleocapsid occurs by budding into the ER lumen. Subsequently, the HCV particle exit from the ER is assumed to be mediated by coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicles. COPII vesicle biogenesis also involves the recruitment of cargo to the site of vesicle biogenesis via interaction with COPII inner coat proteins. We investigated the modulation and the specific role of the individual components of the early secretory pathway in HCV egress. We observed that HCV inhibits cellular protein secretion and triggers the reorganization of the ER exit sites and ER-Golgi intermediate compartments (ERGIC). Gene-specific knockdown of the components of this pathway such as SEC16A, TFG, ERGIC-53, and COPII coat proteins demonstrated the functional significance of these components and the distinct role played by these proteins in various aspects of the HCV life cycle. SEC16A is essential for multiple steps in the HCV life cycle, whereas TFG is specifically involved in HCV egress and ERGIC-53 is crucial for HCV entry. Overall, our study establishes that the components of the early secretory pathway are essential for HCV propagation and emphasize the importance of the ER-Golgi secretory route in this process. Surprisingly, these components are also required for the early stages of the HCV life cycle due to their role in overall intracellular trafficking and homeostasis of the cellular endomembrane system. IMPORTANCE The virus life cycle involves entry into the host, replication of the genome, assembly of infectious progeny, and their subsequent release. Different aspects of the HCV life cycle, including entry, genome replication, and assembly, are well characterized; however, our understanding of the HCV release is still not clear and subject to debate due to varied findings. Here, we attempted to address this controversy and enhance our understanding of HCV egress by evaluating the role of the different components of the early secretory pathway in the HCV life cycle. To our surprise, we found that the components of the early secretory pathway are not only essential for HCV release but also contribute to many other earlier events of the HCV life cycle. This study emphasizes the importance of the early secretory pathway for the establishment of productive HCV infection in hepatocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Avula
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Delhi, India
| | - Bharati Singh
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kasberg W, Luong P, Swift KA, Audhya A. Nutrient deprivation alters the rate of COPII coat assembly to tune secretory protein transport. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2652351. [PMID: 36993182 PMCID: PMC10055522 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2652351/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Co-assembly of the multilayered coat protein complex II (COPII) with the Sari GTPase at subdomains of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) enables secretory cargoes to be concentrated efficiently within nascent transport intermediates, which subsequently deliver their contents to ER-Golgi intermediate compartments. Here, we define the spatiotemporal accumulation of native COPII subunits and secretory cargoes at ER subdomains under differing nutrient availability conditions using a combination of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing and live cell imaging. Our findings demonstrate that the rate of inner COPII coat assembly serves as a determinant for the pace of cargo export, irrespective of COPII subunit expression levels. Moreover, increasing inner COPII coat assembly kinetics is sufficient to rescue cargo trafficking deficits caused by acute nutrient limitation in a manner dependent on Sar1 GTPase activity. Our findings are consistent with a model in which the rate of inner COPII coat formation acts as an important control point to regulate cargo export from the ER.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Kasberg
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Peter Luong
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Kevin A. Swift
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Anjon Audhya
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Van der Verren SE, Zanetti G. The small GTPase Sar1, control centre of COPII trafficking. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:865-882. [PMID: 36737236 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sar1 is a small GTPase of the ARF family. Upon exchange of GDP for GTP, Sar1 associates with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane and recruits COPII components, orchestrating cargo concentration and membrane deformation. Many aspects of the role of Sar1 and regulation of its GTP cycle remain unclear, especially as complexity increases in higher organisms that secrete a wider range of cargoes. This review focusses on the regulation of GTP hydrolysis and its role in coat assembly, as well as the mechanism of Sar1-induced membrane deformation and scission. Finally, we highlight the additional specialisation in higher eukaryotes and the outstanding questions on how Sar1 functions are orchestrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Zanetti
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tapia D, Cavieres VA, Burgos PV, Cancino J. Impact of interorganelle coordination between the conventional early secretory pathway and autophagy in cellular homeostasis and stress response. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1069256. [PMID: 37152281 PMCID: PMC10160633 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1069256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The conventional early secretory pathway and autophagy are two essential interconnected cellular processes that are crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis. The conventional secretory pathway is an anabolic cellular process synthesizing and delivering proteins to distinct locations, including different organelles, the plasma membrane, and the extracellular media. On the other hand, autophagy is a catabolic cellular process that engulfs damaged organelles and aberrant cytosolic constituents into the double autophagosome membrane. After fusion with the lysosome and autolysosome formation, this process triggers digestion and recycling. A growing list of evidence indicates that these anabolic and catabolic processes are mutually regulated. While knowledge about the molecular actors involved in the coordination and functional cooperation between these two processes has increased over time, the mechanisms are still poorly understood. This review article summarized and discussed the most relevant evidence about the key molecular players implicated in the interorganelle crosstalk between the early secretory pathway and autophagy under normal and stressful conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Tapia
- Cell Biology of Interorganelle Signaling Laboratory, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Viviana A. Cavieres
- Organelle Phagy Lab, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia V. Burgos
- Organelle Phagy Lab, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Cancino
- Cell Biology of Interorganelle Signaling Laboratory, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Jorge Cancino,
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Konietzny A, Wegmann S, Mikhaylova M. The endoplasmic reticulum puts a new spin on synaptic tagging. Trends Neurosci 2023; 46:32-44. [PMID: 36428191 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The heterogeneity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) makes it a versatile platform for a broad range of homeostatic processes, ranging from calcium regulation to synthesis and trafficking of proteins and lipids. It is not surprising that neurons use this organelle to fine-tune synaptic properties and thereby provide specificity to synaptic inputs. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms that enable activity-dependent ER recruitment into dendritic spines, with a focus on molecular mechanisms that mediate transport and retention of the ER in spines. The role of calcium signaling in spine ER, synaptopodin 'tagging' of active synapses, and the formation of the spine apparatus (SA) are highlighted. Finally, we discuss the role of liquid-liquid phase separation as a possible driving force in these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Konietzny
- AG Optobiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Guest Group 'Neuronal Protein Transport', Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Wegmann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marina Mikhaylova
- AG Optobiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Guest Group 'Neuronal Protein Transport', Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhao HX, Li X, Liu JL, Guan GQ, Luo JX. Changes in TFG gene expression in bovine leucocytes transformed by Theileria annulata. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:997294. [PMID: 36337204 PMCID: PMC9630592 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.997294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Theileria annulata schizont-infected host cells in culture in vitro show unlimited proliferation similar to tumor cells; thus far, T. annulata and T. parva are the only eukaryotes that have been found to transform mammalian cells (immortalized). The transformation of these cells is reversible; when the parasite is eliminated in transformed cells by buparvaquone (BW720c), the host cells show normal growth and apoptosis. TFG is a tropomyosin-receptor kinase fused gene that is conserved among many species and is an important proto-oncogene. In this study, the bovine TFG gene was amplified by PCR from the cDNA of T. annulata schizont-transformed cells, cloned into the pGEX-4T-1 vector and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). After purification, the fusion protein was injected into rabbits to produce polyclonal antibodies. Using T. annulata-transformed cells together with BW720c treatment to kill the parasite, we aimed to identify changes in TFG gene expression by real-time PCR and Western blotting. The results showed that the bovine TFG gene was ~582 bp in size; SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the fusion protein was expressed in BL21 (DE3) cells with a molecular mass of 48 kD, and Western blotting indicated that the polyclonal antibodies could react with bovine TFG proteins from T. annulata-transformed cells and showed high specificity. Compared with that in the control group, the transcription level of the host TFG gene decreased significantly in the BW720c test group, and the expression of host tumor-related TFG protein decreased sharply after 72 h of drug treatment, suggesting that the TFG protein expression in transformed cells was directly related to T. annulata. This finding laid a foundation for further study on the interaction between T. annulata and host cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-xi Zhao
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xia Li
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jun-long Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gui-quan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian-xun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Peotter JL, Pustova I, Lettman MM, Shatadal S, Bradberry MM, Winter-Reed AD, Charan M, Sharkey EE, Alvin JR, Bren AM, Oie AK, Chapman ER, Salamat MS, Audhya A. TFG regulates secretory and endosomal sorting pathways in neurons to promote their activity and maintenance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2210649119. [PMID: 36161950 PMCID: PMC9546632 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2210649119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular pathways that intrinsically regulate neuronal maintenance are poorly understood, but rare pathogenic mutations that underlie neurodegenerative disease can offer important insights into the mechanisms that facilitate lifelong neuronal function. Here, we leverage a rat model to demonstrate directly that the TFG p.R106C variant implicated previously in complicated forms of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) underlies progressive spastic paraparesis with accompanying ventriculomegaly and thinning of the corpus callosum, consistent with disease phenotypes identified in adolescent patients. Analyses of primary cortical neurons obtained from CRISPR-Cas9-edited animals reveal a kinetic delay in biosynthetic secretory protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), in agreement with prior induced pluripotent stem cell-based studies. Moreover, we identify an unexpected role for TFG in the trafficking of Rab4A-positive recycling endosomes specifically within axons and dendrites. Impaired TFG function compromises the transport of at least a subset of endosomal cargoes, which we show results in down-regulated inhibitory receptor signaling that may contribute to excitation-inhibition imbalances. In contrast, the morphology and trafficking of other organelles, including mitochondria and lysosomes, are unaffected by the TFG p.R106C mutation. Our findings demonstrate a multifaceted role for TFG in secretory and endosomal protein sorting that is unique to cells of the central nervous system and highlight the importance of these pathways to maintenance of corticospinal tract motor neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Peotter
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Iryna Pustova
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Molly M. Lettman
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Shalini Shatadal
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Mazdak M. Bradberry
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Allison D. Winter-Reed
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Maya Charan
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Erin E. Sharkey
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705
| | - James R. Alvin
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Alyssa M. Bren
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Annika K. Oie
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Edwin R. Chapman
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705
- HHMI, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
| | - M. Shahriar Salamat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Anjon Audhya
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jiang D, He Y, Zhou X, Cao Z, Pang L, Zhong S, Jiang L, Li R. Arabidopsis HOPS subunit VPS41 carries out plant-specific roles in vacuolar transport and vegetative growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:1416-1434. [PMID: 35417008 PMCID: PMC9237685 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The homotypic fusion and protein sorting (HOPS) complex is a conserved, multi-subunit tethering complex in eukaryotic cells. In yeast and mammalian cells, the HOPS subunit vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 (VPS41) is recruited to late endosomes after Ras-related protein 7 (Rab7) activation and is essential for vacuole fusion. However, whether VPS41 plays conserved roles in plants is not clear. Here, we demonstrate that in the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), VPS41 localizes to distinct condensates in root cells in addition to its reported localization at the tonoplast. The formation of condensates does not rely on the known upstream regulators but depends on VPS41 self-interaction and is essential for vegetative growth regulation. Genetic evidence indicates that VPS41 is required for both homotypic vacuole fusion and cargo sorting from the adaptor protein complex 3, Rab5, and Golgi-independent pathways but is dispensable for the Rab7 cargo inositol transporter 1. We also show that VPS41 has HOPS-independent functions in vacuolar transport. Taken together, our findings indicate that Arabidopsis VPS41 is a unique subunit of the HOPS complex that carries out plant-specific roles in both vacuolar transport and developmental regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yilin He
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiangui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhiran Cao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lei Pang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Sheng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at the College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Ruixi Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Perez Verdaguer M, Zhang T, Surve S, Paulo JA, Wallace C, Watkins SC, Gygi SP, Sorkin A. Time-resolved proximity labeling of protein networks associated with ligand-activated EGFR. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110950. [PMID: 35705039 PMCID: PMC9248364 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligand binding to the EGF receptor (EGFR) triggers multiple signal-transduction processes and promotes endocytosis of the receptor. The mechanisms of EGFR endocytosis and its cross-talk with signaling are poorly understood. Here, we combine peroxidase-catalyzed proximity labeling, isobaric peptide tagging, and quantitative mass spectrometry to define the dynamics of the proximity proteome of ligand-activated EGFR. Using this approach, we identify a network of signaling proteins, which remain associated with the receptor during its internalization and trafficking through the endosomal system. We show that Trk-fused gene (TFG), a protein known to function at the endoplasmic reticulum exit sites, is enriched in the proximity proteome of EGFR in early/sorting endosomes and localized in these endosomes and demonstrate that TFG regulates endosomal sorting of EGFR. This study provides a comprehensive resource of time-dependent nanoscale environment of EGFR, thus opening avenues to discovering new regulatory mechanisms of signaling and intracellular trafficking of receptor tyrosine kinases. Perez Verdaguer et al. use time-resolved APEX labeling of the proximity proteome of EGFR upon ligand activation to provide comprehensive information about the dynamics of the EGFR-associated protein networks involved in receptor endocytosis and signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Perez Verdaguer
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sachin Surve
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Callen Wallace
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Simon C Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Alexander Sorkin
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rosenberg GM, Murray KA, Salwinski L, Hughes MP, Abskharon R, Eisenberg DS. Bioinformatic identification of previously unrecognized amyloidogenic proteins. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101920. [PMID: 35405097 PMCID: PMC9108986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-complexity domains (LCDs) of proteins have been shown to self-associate, and pathogenic mutations within these domains often drive the proteins into amyloid aggregation associated with disease. These domains may be especially susceptible to amyloidogenic mutations because they are commonly intrinsically disordered and function in self-association. The question therefore arises whether a search for pathogenic mutations in LCDs of the human proteome can lead to identification of other proteins associated with amyloid disease. Here, we take a computational approach to identify documented pathogenic mutations within LCDs that may favor amyloid formation. Using this approach, we identify numerous known amyloidogenic mutations, including several such mutations within proteins previously unidentified as amyloidogenic. Among the latter group, we focus on two mutations within the TRK-fused gene protein (TFG), known to play roles in protein secretion and innate immunity, which are associated with two different peripheral neuropathies. We show that both mutations increase the propensity of TFG to form amyloid fibrils. We therefore conclude that TFG is a novel amyloid protein and propose that the diseases associated with its mutant forms may be amyloidoses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Rosenberg
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kevin A Murray
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lukasz Salwinski
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael P Hughes
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Romany Abskharon
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David S Eisenberg
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, Molecular Biology Institute, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mehrani A, Stagg SM. Probing intracellular vesicle trafficking and membrane remodelling by cryo-EM. J Struct Biol 2022; 214:107836. [PMID: 35101600 PMCID: PMC8923612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2022.107836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Protein transport between the membranous compartments of the eukaryotic cells is mediated by the constant fission and fusion of the membrane-bounded vesicles from a donor to an acceptor membrane. While there are many membrane remodelling complexes in eukaryotes, COPII, COPI, and clathrin-coated vesicles are the three principal classes of coat protein complexes that participate in vesicle trafficking in the endocytic and secretory pathways. These vesicle-coat proteins perform two key functions: deforming lipid bilayers into vesicles and encasing selective cargoes. The three trafficking complexes share some commonalities in their structural features but differ in their coat structures, mechanisms of cargo sorting, vesicle formation, and scission. While the structures of many of the proteins involved in vesicle formation have been determined in isolation by X-ray crystallography, elucidating the proteins' structures together with the membrane is better suited for cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). In recent years, advances in cryo-EM have led to solving the structures and mechanisms of several vesicle trafficking complexes and associated proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atousa Mehrani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University
| | - Scott M. Stagg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida State University,Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Involvement of neuronal and muscular Trk-fused gene (TFG) defects in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1966. [PMID: 35121777 PMCID: PMC8816932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05884-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Trk-fused gene (TFG) mutations have been identified in patients with several neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we attempted to clarify the effects of TFG deletions in motor neurons and in muscle fibers, using tissue-specific TFG knockout (vMNTFG KO and MUSTFG KO) mice. vMNTFG KO, generated by crossing TFG floxed with VAChT-Cre, showed deterioration of motor function and muscle atrophy especially in slow-twitch soleus muscle, in line with the predominant Cre expression in slow-twitch fatigue-resistant (S) and fast-twitch fatigue-resistant (FR) motor neurons. Consistently, denervation of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) was apparent in the soleus, but not in the extensor digitorum longus, muscle. Muscle TFG expressions were significantly downregulated in vMNTFG KO, presumably due to decreased muscle IGF-1 concentrations. However, interestingly, MUSTFG KO mice showed no apparent impairment of muscle movements, though a denervation marker, AChRγ, was elevated and Agrin-induced AChR clustering in C2C12 myotubes was inhibited. Our results clarify that loss of motor neuron TFG is sufficient for the occurrence of NMJ degeneration and muscle atrophy, though lack of muscle TFG may exert an additional effect. Reduced muscle TFG, also observed in aged mice, might be involved in age-related NMJ degeneration, and this issue merits further study.
Collapse
|
30
|
Li S, Yan R, Xu J, Zhao S, Ma X, Sun Q, Zhang M, Li Y, Liu JJG, Chen L, Li S, Xu K, Ge L. A new type of ERGIC-ERES membrane contact mediated by TMED9 and SEC12 is required for autophagosome biogenesis. Cell Res 2022; 32:119-138. [PMID: 34561617 PMCID: PMC8461442 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-021-00563-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Under stress, the endomembrane system undergoes reorganization to support autophagosome biogenesis, which is a central step in autophagy. How the endomembrane system remodels has been poorly understood. Here we identify a new type of membrane contact formed between the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) and the ER-exit site (ERES) in the ER-Golgi system, which is essential for promoting autophagosome biogenesis induced by different stress stimuli. The ERGIC-ERES contact is established by the interaction between TMED9 and SEC12 which generates a short distance opposition (as close as 2-5 nm) between the two compartments. The tight membrane contact allows the ERES-located SEC12 to transactivate COPII assembly on the ERGIC. In addition, a portion of SEC12 also relocates to the ERGIC. Through both mechanisms, the ERGIC-ERES contact promotes formation of the ERGIC-derived COPII vesicle, a membrane precursor of the autophagosome. The ERGIC-ERES contact is physically and functionally different from the TFG-mediated ERGIC-ERES adjunction involved in secretory protein transport, and therefore defines a unique endomembrane structure generated upon stress conditions for autophagic membrane formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing, China ,grid.452723.50000 0004 7887 9190Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Yan
- grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Jialu Xu
- grid.452723.50000 0004 7887 9190Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China ,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing, China
| | - Shiqun Zhao
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China ,grid.419265.d0000 0004 1806 6075National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing, China ,grid.452723.50000 0004 7887 9190Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiming Sun
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry, Department of Cardiology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing, China ,grid.452723.50000 0004 7887 9190Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing, China ,grid.452723.50000 0004 7887 9190Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Jie Gogo Liu
- grid.452723.50000 0004 7887 9190Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China ,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing, China
| | - Liangyi Chen
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China ,grid.419265.d0000 0004 1806 6075National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Sai Li
- grid.452723.50000 0004 7887 9190Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China ,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Xu
- grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Liang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing, China ,grid.452723.50000 0004 7887 9190Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
TRK-fused gene (TFG) regulates ULK1 stability via TRAF3-mediated ubiquitination and protects macrophages from LPS-induced pyroptosis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:93. [PMID: 35091545 PMCID: PMC8795729 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04539-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
TRK-fused gene (TFG) is known to be involved in protein secretion and plays essential roles in an antiviral innate immune response. However, its function in LPS-induced inflammation and pyroptotic cell death is still unknown. Here, we reported that TFG promotes the stabilization of Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase (ULK1) and participates in LPS plus nigericin (Ng) induced pyroptotic cell death. Our results showed that TFG-deficient THP-1 macrophages exhibit higher mitochondrial ROS production. LPS/Ng stimulation triggers a much higher level of ROS and induces pyroptotic cell death. ULK1 undergoes a rapid turnover in TFG-deficient THP-1 cells. TFG forms complex with an E3 ligase, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3), and stabilizes ULK1 via disturbing ULK1-TRAF3 interaction. Knockdown of TFG facilitates the interaction of ULK1 with TRAF3 and subsequent K48-linked ULK1 ubiquitination and proteasome degradation. Rescue of ULK1 expression blocks LPS/Ng-induced cell death in TFG-deficient THP-1 macrophages. Taken together, TFG plays an essential role in LPS/Ng-induced pyroptotic cell death via regulating K48-linked ULK1 ubiquitination in macrophages.
Collapse
|
32
|
A tango for coats and membranes: New insights into ER-to-Golgi traffic. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
|
33
|
ER Morphology in the Pathogenesis of Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112870. [PMID: 34831093 PMCID: PMC8616106 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the most abundant and widespread organelle in cells. Its peculiar membrane architecture, formed by an intricate network of tubules and cisternae, is critical to its multifaceted function. Regulation of ER morphology is coordinated by a few ER-specific membrane proteins and is thought to be particularly important in neurons, where organized ER membranes are found even in the most distant neurite terminals. Mutation of ER-shaping proteins has been implicated in the neurodegenerative disease hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). In this review we discuss the involvement of these proteins in the pathogenesis of HSP, focusing on the experimental evidence linking their molecular function to disease onset. Although the precise biochemical activity of some ER-related HSP proteins has been elucidated, the pathological mechanism underlying ER-linked HSP is still undetermined and needs to be further investigated.
Collapse
|
34
|
McCaughey J, Stevenson NL, Mantell JM, Neal CR, Paterson A, Heesom K, Stephens DJ. A general role for TANGO1, encoded by MIA3, in secretory pathway organization and function. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs259075. [PMID: 34350936 PMCID: PMC8524724 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex machinery is required to drive secretory cargo export from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is an essential process in eukaryotic cells. In vertebrates, the MIA3 gene encodes two major forms of transport and Golgi organization protein 1 (TANGO1S and TANGO1L), which have previously been implicated in selective trafficking of procollagen. Using genome engineering of human cells, light microscopy, secretion assays, genomics and proteomics, we show that disruption of the longer form, TANGO1L, results in relatively minor defects in secretory pathway organization and function, including having limited impacts on procollagen secretion. In contrast, loss of both long and short forms results in major defects in cell organization and secretion. These include a failure to maintain the localization of ERGIC53 (also known as LMAN1) and SURF4 to the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment and dramatic changes to the ultrastructure of the ER-Golgi interface. Disruption of TANGO1 causes significant changes in early secretory pathway gene and protein expression, and impairs secretion not only of large proteins, but of all types of secretory cargo, including small soluble proteins. Our data support a general role for MIA3/TANGO1 in maintaining secretory pathway structure and function in vertebrate cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janine McCaughey
- Cell Biology Laboratories,
School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University Walk,
University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD,
UK
| | - Nicola L. Stevenson
- Cell Biology Laboratories,
School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University Walk,
University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD,
UK
| | - Judith M. Mantell
- Wolfson Bioimaging Facility, Faculty of Life
Sciences, University Walk, University of
Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD,
UK
| | - Chris R. Neal
- Wolfson Bioimaging Facility, Faculty of Life
Sciences, University Walk, University of
Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD,
UK
| | | | - Kate Heesom
- Proteomics Facility, Faculty of Life
Sciences, University Walk, University of
Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD,
UK
| | - David J. Stephens
- Cell Biology Laboratories,
School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University Walk,
University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD,
UK
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Trafficking to the Cell Surface of Amino Acid Transporter SLC6A14 Upregulated in Cancer Is Controlled by Phosphorylation of SEC24C Protein by AKT Kinase. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071800. [PMID: 34359969 PMCID: PMC8307180 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells need a constant supply of nutrients. SLC6A14, an amino acid transporter B0,+ (ATB0,+) that is upregulated in many cancers, transports all but acidic amino acids. In its exit from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), it is recognized by the SEC24C subunit of coatomer II (COPII) for further vesicular trafficking to the plasma membrane. SEC24C has previously been shown to be phosphorylated by protein kinase B/AKT, which is hyper-activated in cancer; therefore, we analyzed the influence of AKT on SLC6A14 trafficking to the cell surface. Studies on overexpressed and endogenous transporters in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 showed that AKT inhibition with MK-2206 correlated with a transient increase of the transporter in the plasma membrane, not resulting from the inhibition of ER-associated protein degradation. Two-dimensional electrophoresis demonstrated the decreased phosphorylation of SLC6A14 and SEC24C upon AKT inhibition. A proximity ligation assay confirmed this conclusion: AKT inhibition is correlated with decreased SLC6A14 phosphothreonine and SEC24C phosphoserine. Augmented levels of SLC6A14 in plasma membrane led to increased leucine transport. These results show that the inactivation of AKT can rescue amino acid delivery through SLC6A14 trafficking to the cell surface, supporting cancer cell survival. The regulation of the ER export of the amino acid transporter seems to be a novel function of AKT.
Collapse
|
36
|
Shijie L, Zhen P, Kang Q, Hua G, Qingcheng Y, Dongdong C. Deregulation of CLTC interacts with TFG, facilitating osteosarcoma via the TGF-beta and AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e377. [PMID: 34185412 PMCID: PMC8214859 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the treatment of osteosarcoma has improved, the overall survival rate of this common type of osseous malignancies has not changed for four decades. Thus, new targets for better therapeutic regimens are urgently needed. In this study, we found that high expression of clathrin heavy chain (CLTC) was an independent prognostic factor for tumor-free survival (HzR, 3.049; 95% CI, 1.476-6.301) and overall survival (HzR, 2.469; 95% CI, 1.005-6.067) of patients with osteosarcoma. Down-regulation of CLTC resulted in tumor-suppressive effects in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we found that CLTC was transcriptionally regulated by a transcription factor-specificity protein 1 (SP1), which binds to the CLTC promoter at the -320 to -314-nt and +167 to +173-nt loci. Mechanistic investigations further revealed that CLTC elicited its pro-tumor effects by directly binding to and stabilizing trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi regulator (TFG). Importantly, overexpression of TFG rescued both the tumor-suppressive effect and inhibition of the TGF-β and AKT/mTOR pathways caused by CLTC down-regulation, which indicated that the activity of CLTC was TFG-dependent. Immunohistochemistry analysis confirmed that CLTC expression was positively correlated with TFG expression. These findings collectively highlight CLTC as a new prognostic biomarker for patients with osteosarcoma, and the interruption of the SP1/CLTC/TFG axis may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Shijie
- Department of OrthopedicsShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Pan Zhen
- Department of OrthopedicsShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Qin Kang
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive SurgeryRWTH Aachen University HospitalAachenGermany
| | - Guo Hua
- Department of OrthopedicsShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Yang Qingcheng
- Department of OrthopedicsShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Cheng Dongdong
- Department of OrthopedicsShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghaiChina
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Carinci M, Testa B, Bordi M, Milletti G, Bonora M, Antonucci L, Ferraina C, Carro M, Kumar M, Ceglie D, Eck F, Nardacci R, le Guerroué F, Petrini S, Soriano ME, Caruana I, Doria V, Manifava M, Peron C, Lambrughi M, Tiranti V, Behrends C, Papaleo E, Pinton P, Giorgi C, Ktistakis NT, Locatelli F, Nazio F, Cecconi F. TFG binds LC3C to regulate ULK1 localization and autophagosome formation. EMBO J 2021; 40:e103563. [PMID: 33932238 PMCID: PMC8126910 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019103563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The early secretory pathway and autophagy are two essential and evolutionarily conserved endomembrane processes that are finely interlinked. Although growing evidence suggests that intracellular trafficking is important for autophagosome biogenesis, the molecular regulatory network involved is still not fully defined. In this study, we demonstrate a crucial effect of the COPII vesicle-related protein TFG (Trk-fused gene) on ULK1 puncta number and localization during autophagy induction. This, in turn, affects formation of the isolation membrane, as well as the correct dynamics of association between LC3B and early ATG proteins, leading to the proper formation of both omegasomes and autophagosomes. Consistently, fibroblasts derived from a hereditary spastic paraparesis (HSP) patient carrying mutated TFG (R106C) show defects in both autophagy and ULK1 puncta accumulation. In addition, we demonstrate that TFG activity in autophagy depends on its interaction with the ATG8 protein LC3C through a canonical LIR motif, thereby favouring LC3C-ULK1 binding. Altogether, our results uncover a link between TFG and autophagy and identify TFG as a molecular scaffold linking the early secretion pathway to autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Carinci
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapy (LTTA), Technopole of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Beatrice Testa
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Bordi
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Milletti
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Bonora
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapy (LTTA), Technopole of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Laura Antonucci
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Ferraina
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Carro
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Donatella Ceglie
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Franziska Eck
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), München, Germany
| | - Roberta Nardacci
- Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Francois le Guerroué
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), München, Germany
| | - Stefania Petrini
- Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Research Laboratories, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ignazio Caruana
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Doria
- Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Research Laboratories, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Camille Peron
- UO Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Lambrughi
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Valeria Tiranti
- UO Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Behrends
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), München, Germany
| | - Elena Papaleo
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Translational Disease Systems Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapy (LTTA), Technopole of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapy (LTTA), Technopole of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Gynecology/Obstetrics and Pediatrics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Nazio
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cecconi
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Unit of Cell Stress and Survival, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Colozza G, Koo BK. Wnt/β-catenin signaling: Structure, assembly and endocytosis of the signalosome. Dev Growth Differ 2021; 63:199-218. [PMID: 33619734 PMCID: PMC8251975 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Wnt/β‐catenin signaling is an ancient pathway that regulates key aspects of embryonic development, cell differentiation, proliferation, and adult stem cell homeostasis. Work from different laboratories has shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the Wnt pathway, including structural details of ligand–receptor interactions. One key aspect that has emerged from multiple studies is that endocytosis of the receptor complex plays a crucial role in fine‐tuning Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. Endocytosis is a key process involved in both activation as well as attenuation of Wnt signaling, but how this is regulated is still poorly understood. Importantly, recent findings show that Wnt also regulates central metabolic pathways such as the acquisition of nutrients through actin‐driven endocytic mechanisms. In this review, we propose that the Wnt pathway displays diverse characteristics that go beyond the regulation of gene expression, through a connection with the endocytic machinery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Colozza
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Bon-Kyoung Koo
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Khorrami M, Tabatabaiefar MA, Khorram E, Yaghini O, Rezaei M, Hejazifar A, Riahinezhad M, Kheirollahi M. Homozygous TFG gene variants expanding the mutational and clinical spectrum of hereditary spastic paraplegia 57 and a review of literature. J Hum Genet 2021; 66:973-981. [PMID: 33767317 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-021-00919-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the tropomyosin-receptor kinase fused gene (TFG) has been linked to diverse hereditary neurodegenerative disorders, including a very rare complex hereditary spastic paraplegia, named spastic paraplegia type 57 (SPG57). Until now, four pathogenic homozygous variants of the TFG gene have been reported associated with SPG57. Two consanguineous Iranian families (1 and 2), the first one with two affected members and the second one with one, all with an early-onset progressive muscle weakness, spasticity, and several neurological symptoms were examined via the whole-exome sequencing. Two homozygous missense variants including c.41A>G (p.Lys14Arg) and c.316C>T (p.Arg106Cys) have been found in the related families. The candidate variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing and found to co-segregate with the disease in families. The bioinformatics analysis showed the deleterious effects of these nucleotide changes and the variants were classified as pathogenic according to ACMG guidelines. A comparison of the clinical presentation of the patients harboring c.41A>G (p.Lys14Arg) with previously reported SPG57 revealed variability in the severity state and unreported clinical presentation, including, facial atrophy, nystagmus, hyperelastic skin, cryptorchidism, hirsutism, kyphoscoliosis, and pectus excavatum. The affected member of the second family carried a previously reported homozygous c.316C>T (p.Arg106Cys) variant and displayed a complex HSP including optic atrophy. Remarkable clinical differences were observed between the family 1 and 2 harboring the c.41A>G (p.Lys14Arg) and c.316C>T (p.Arg106Cys) variants, which could be attributed to the distinct affected domains (PB1 domains and coiled-coil domains), and therefore, SPG57 might have been representing phenotype vs. variant position correlation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Khorrami
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Tabatabaiefar
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Erfan Khorram
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Omid Yaghini
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mojgan Rezaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Arash Hejazifar
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, The University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Riahinezhad
- Department of Radiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Kheirollahi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Cavin1 intrinsically disordered domains are essential for fuzzy electrostatic interactions and caveola formation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:931. [PMID: 33568658 PMCID: PMC7875971 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21035-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Caveolae are spherically shaped nanodomains of the plasma membrane, generated by cooperative assembly of caveolin and cavin proteins. Cavins are cytosolic peripheral membrane proteins with negatively charged intrinsically disordered regions that flank positively charged α-helical regions. Here, we show that the three disordered domains of Cavin1 are essential for caveola formation and dynamic trafficking of caveolae. Electrostatic interactions between disordered regions and α-helical regions promote liquid-liquid phase separation behaviour of Cavin1 in vitro, assembly of Cavin1 oligomers in solution, generation of membrane curvature, association with caveolin-1, and Cavin1 recruitment to caveolae in cells. Removal of the first disordered region causes irreversible gel formation in vitro and results in aberrant caveola trafficking through the endosomal system. We propose a model for caveola assembly whereby fuzzy electrostatic interactions between Cavin1 and caveolin-1 proteins, combined with membrane lipid interactions, are required to generate membrane curvature and a metastable caveola coat.
Collapse
|
41
|
Feng Z, Yang K, Pastor-Pareja JC. Tales of the ER-Golgi Frontier: Drosophila-Centric Considerations on Tango1 Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:619022. [PMID: 33505971 PMCID: PMC7829582 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.619022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the secretory pathway, the transfer of cargo from the ER to the Golgi involves dozens of proteins that localize at specific regions of the ER called ER exit sites (ERES), where cargos are concentrated preceding vesicular transport to the Golgi. Despite many years of research, we are missing crucial details of how this highly dynamic ER-Golgi interface is defined, maintained and functions. Mechanisms allowing secretion of large cargos such as the very abundant collagens are also poorly understood. In this context, Tango1, discovered in the fruit fly Drosophila and widely conserved in animal evolution, has received a lot of attention in recent years. Tango1, an ERES-localized transmembrane protein, is the single fly member of the MIA/cTAGE family, consisting in humans of TANGO1 and at least 14 different related proteins. After its discovery in flies, a specific role of human TANGO1 in mediating secretion of collagens was reported. However, multiple studies in Drosophila have demonstrated that Tango1 is required for secretion of all cargos. At all ERES, through self-interaction and interactions with other proteins, Tango1 aids ERES maintenance and tethering of post-ER membranes. In this review, we discuss discoveries on Drosophila Tango1 and put them in relation with research on human MIA/cTAGE proteins. In doing so, we aim to offer an integrated view of Tango1 function and the nature of ER-Golgi transport from an evolutionary perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - José C Pastor-Pareja
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Khan KA, Marineau A, Doyon P, Acevedo M, Durette É, Gingras AC, Servant MJ. TRK-Fused Gene (TFG), a protein involved in protein secretion pathways, is an essential component of the antiviral innate immune response. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009111. [PMID: 33411856 PMCID: PMC7790228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiviral innate immune response to RNA virus infection is supported by Pattern-Recognition Receptors (PRR) including RIG-I-Like Receptors (RLR), which lead to type I interferons (IFNs) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISG) production. Upon sensing of viral RNA, the E3 ubiquitin ligase TNF Receptor-Associated Factor-3 (TRAF3) is recruited along with its substrate TANK-Binding Kinase (TBK1), to MAVS-containing subcellular compartments, including mitochondria, peroxisomes, and the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane (MAM). However, the regulation of such events remains largely unresolved. Here, we identify TRK-Fused Gene (TFG), a protein involved in the transport of newly synthesized proteins to the endomembrane system via the Coat Protein complex II (COPII) transport vesicles, as a new TRAF3-interacting protein allowing the efficient recruitment of TRAF3 to MAVS and TBK1 following Sendai virus (SeV) infection. Using siRNA and shRNA approaches, we show that TFG is required for virus-induced TBK1 activation resulting in C-terminal IRF3 phosphorylation and dimerization. We further show that the ability of the TRAF3-TFG complex to engage mTOR following SeV infection allows TBK1 to phosphorylate mTOR on serine 2159, a post-translational modification shown to promote mTORC1 signaling. We demonstrate that the activation of mTORC1 signaling during SeV infection plays a positive role in the expression of Viperin, IRF7 and IFN-induced proteins with tetratricopeptide repeats (IFITs) proteins, and that depleting TFG resulted in a compromised antiviral state. Our study, therefore, identifies TFG as an essential component of the RLR-dependent type I IFN antiviral response. Antiviral innate immune response is the first line of defence against the invading viruses through type I interferon (IFN) signaling. However, viruses have devised ways to target signaling molecules for aberrant IFN response and worsen the disease outcome. As such, deciphering the roles of new regulators of innate immunity could transform the antiviral treatment paradigm by introducing novel panviral therapeutics designed to reinforce antiviral host responses. This could be of great use in fighting recent outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome MERS-CoV, and the more recent SARS-CoV-2 causing the COVID-19 pandemic. However, aberrant activation of such pathways can lead to detrimental consequences, including autoimmune diseases. Regulation of type I IFN responses is thus of paramount importance. To prevent an uncontrolled response, signaling events happen in discrete subcellular compartments, therefore, distinguishing sites involved in recognition of pathogens and those permitting downstream signaling. Here, we show TFG as a new regulator of type I IFN response allowing the efficient organization of signaling molecules. TFG, thus, further substantiates the importance of the protein trafficking machinery in the regulation of optimal antiviral responses. Our findings have implications for both antiviral immunity and autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Priscilla Doyon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Mariana Acevedo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Étienne Durette
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc J. Servant
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ma C, Hokutan K, Shen Y, Nepal M, Kim JH, Zhang J, Fei P. TFG-maintaining stability of overlooked FANCD2 confers early DNA-damage response. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:20268-20284. [PMID: 33099537 PMCID: PMC7655164 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Emerging Fanconi Anemia (FA) signaling in the field of cancer research annotates the extreme importance of its center player, Fanconi Anemia complementation group D2 (FANCD2) in protecting human cells from going awry. However, a previously-unrecognized form of FANCD2, namely FANCD2-V2, is understudied. We report TRK-Fused Gene (TFG) is critical for roles played by FANCD2-V2 in early responses to DNA damage, but not for FANCD2-V1, the long-known form of FANCD2. FANCD2-V2 forms nuclear foci upon DNA damage, and both its focus appearance and disappearance are earlier than FANCD2-V1. The amino acid/aa 5-100 of TFG and the aa1437-1442 of FANCD2-V2 were identified to contribute to their interaction, which maintains the steady-state level of FANCD2-V2 protein. TFGΔaa5-100 or FANCD2-V2Δaa1437-1442-carrying cells could not show timely focus formation of FANCD2-V2 upon DNA damage and gained carcinogenicity over time. This study provides a previously-unknown key to unlock in-depth insights into maintaining genome stability, fostering translational studies on preventing, diagnosing and/or treating related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Ma
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Kanani Hokutan
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.,Graduate Program of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Yihang Shen
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Manoj Nepal
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.,Graduate Program of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Jin-Hee Kim
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Foundation, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA
| | - Peiwen Fei
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.,Graduate Program of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Steinmetz TD, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Hearne A, Schuh W, Wittner J, Schulz SR, Winkler TH, Jäck HM, Mielenz D. TFG is required for autophagy flux and to prevent endoplasmic reticulum stress in CH12 B lymphoma cells. Autophagy 2020; 17:2238-2256. [PMID: 32910713 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1821546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma cells depend on quality control of newly synthesized antibodies in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via macroautophagy/autophagy and proteasomal degradation. The cytosolic adaptor protein TFG (Trk-fused gene) regulates ER-Golgi transport, the secretory pathway and proteasome activity in non-immune cells. We show here that TFG is upregulated during lipopolysaccharide- and CpG-induced differentiation of B1 and B2 B cells into plasmablasts, with the highest expression of TFG in mature plasma cells. CRISPR-CAS9-mediated gene disruption of tfg in the B lymphoma cell line CH12 revealed increased apoptosis, which was reverted by BCL2 but even more by ectopic TFG expression. Loss of TFG disrupted ER structure, leading to an expanded ER and increased expression of ER stress genes. When compared to wild-type CH12 cells, tfg KO CH12 cells were more sensitive toward ER stress induced by tunicamycin, monensin and proteasome inhibition or by expression of an ER-bound immunoglobulin (Ig) μ heavy (µH) chain. CH12 tfg KO B cells displayed more total LC3, lower LC3-II turnover and increased numbers and size of autophagosomes. Tandem-fluorescent-LC3 revealed less accumulation of GFP-LC3 in starved and chloroquine-treated CH12 tfg KO B cells. The GFP:RFP ratio of tandem-fluorescent-LC3 was higher in tunicamycin-treated CH12 tfg KO B cells, suggesting less autophagy flux during induced ER stress. Based on these data, we suggest that TFG controls autophagy flux in CH12 B cells and propose that TFG is a survival factor that alleviates ER stress through the support of autophagy flux in activated B cells and mature plasma cells.Abbreviations: Ab, antibody; Ag, antigen; ASC, antibody-secreting cells; ATG, autophagy-related; BCR, B cell receptor; COPII, coat protein complex II; CpG, non-methylated CpG oligonucleotide; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; ERAD, ER-associated degradation; FO, follicular; GFP, green fluorescent protein; HC, heavy chain; Ig, immunoglobulin; IRES, internal ribosomal entry site; LC, light chain; MZ, marginal zone; NFKB, nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells; TLR, toll-like receptor; UPR, unfolded protein response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobit D Steinmetz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Abigail Hearne
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuh
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jens Wittner
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian R Schulz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas H Winkler
- Department of Biology, Chair of Genetics, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Jäck
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk Mielenz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Phase Separation in Membrane Biology: The Interplay between Membrane-Bound Organelles and Membraneless Condensates. Dev Cell 2020; 55:30-44. [PMID: 32726575 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, various membrane-bound organelles compartmentalize diverse cellular activities in a spatially and temporally controlled manner. Numerous membraneless organelles assembled via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), known as condensates, also facilitate compartmentalization of cellular functions. Emerging evidence shows that these two organelle types interact in many biological processes. Membranes modulate the biogenesis and dynamics of phase-separated condensates by serving as assembly platforms or by forming direct contacts. Phase separation of membrane-associated proteins participates in various trafficking events, such as clustering of vesicles for temporally controlled fusion and storage, and transport of membraneless condensates on membrane-bound organelles. Phase separation also acts in cargo trafficking pathways by sorting and docking cargos for translocon-mediated transport across membranes, by shuttling cargos through the nuclear pore complex, and by triggering the formation of surrounding autophagosomes for delivery to lysosomes. The coordinated actions of membrane-bound and membraneless organelles ensure spatiotemporal control of various cellular functions.
Collapse
|
46
|
Takagi J, Kimori Y, Shimada T, Hara-Nishimura I. Dynamic Capture and Release of Endoplasmic Reticulum Exit Sites by Golgi Stacks in Arabidopsis. iScience 2020; 23:101265. [PMID: 32585594 PMCID: PMC7322076 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to Golgi stacks is mediated by the coat protein complex COPII, which is assembled at an ER subdomain called ER exit site (ERES). However, the dynamic relationship between ERESs and Golgi stacks is unknown. Here, we propose a dynamic capture-and-release model of ERESs by Golgi stacks in Arabidopsis thaliana. Using variable-angle epifluorescence microscopy with high-temporal-resolution imaging, COPII-component-bound ERESs were detected as punctate structures with sizes of 300–500 nm. Some punctate ERESs are distributed on ER tubules and sheet rims, whereas others gather around a Golgi stack in an ER-network cavity to form a beaded-ring structure. Free ERESs that wander into an ER cavity are captured by a Golgi stack in a cytoskeleton-independent manner. Then, they are released by the Golgi stack for recycling. The dynamic ERES cycling might contribute to efficient transfer of de novo synthesized cargo proteins from the ER to Golgi stacks. VAEM images show dynamic behavior of minimal punctate ERESs Most of punctate ERESs are distributed on the ER network tubes Several punctate ERESs contact with a Golgi stack in an ER network cavity ERESs are dynamically captured and released by Golgi stacks
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Takagi
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University, Kobe 658-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kimori
- Faculty of Environmental and Information Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui 910-8505, Japan
| | - Tomoo Shimada
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Matsui Y, Hirata Y, Wada I, Hosokawa N. Visualization of Procollagen IV Reveals ER-to-Golgi Transport by ERGIC-independent Carriers. Cell Struct Funct 2020; 45:107-119. [PMID: 32554938 PMCID: PMC10511052 DOI: 10.1247/csf.20025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen is the most abundant protein in animal tissues and is critical for their proper organization. Nascent procollagens in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are considered too large to be loaded into coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicles, which have a diameter of 60-80 nm, for exit from the ER and transport to the Golgi complex. To study the transport mechanism of procollagen IV, which generates basement membranes, we introduced a cysteine-free GFP tag at the N-terminus of the triple helical region of the α1(IV) chain (cfSGFP2-col4a1), and examined the dynamics of this protein in HT-1080 cells, which produce endogenous collagen IV. cfSGFP2-col4a1 was transported from the ER to the Golgi by vesicles, which were a similar size as small cargo carriers. However, mCherry-ERGIC53 was recruited to α1-antitrypsin-containing vesicles, but not to cfSGFP2-col4a1-containing vesicles. Knockdown analysis revealed that Sar1 and SLY1/SCFD1 were required for transport of cfSGFP2-col4a1. TANGO1, CUL3, and KLHL12 were not necessary for the ER-to-Golgi trafficking of procollagen IV. Our data suggest that procollagen IV is exported from the ER via an enlarged COPII coat carrier and is transported to the Golgi by unique transport vesicles without recruitment of ER-Golgi intermediate compartment membranes.Key words: collagen, procollagen IV, endoplasmic reticulum, ER-to-Golgi transport, ERGIC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Matsui
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Hirata
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ikuo Wada
- Department of Cell Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Nobuko Hosokawa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Slosarek EL, Schuh AL, Pustova I, Johnson A, Bird J, Johnson M, Frankel EB, Bhattacharya N, Hanna MG, Burke JE, Ruhl DA, Quinney K, Block S, Peotter JL, Chapman ER, Sheets MD, Butcher SE, Stagg SM, Audhya A. Pathogenic TFG Mutations Underlying Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia Impair Secretory Protein Trafficking and Axon Fasciculation. Cell Rep 2020; 24:2248-2260. [PMID: 30157421 PMCID: PMC6152936 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Length-dependent axonopathy of the corticospinal tract causes lower limb spasticity and is characteristic of several neurological disorders, including hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Mutations in Trk-fused gene (TFG) have been implicated in both diseases, but the pathomechanisms by which these alterations cause neuropathy remain unclear. Here, we biochemically and genetically define the impact of a mutation within the TFG coiled-coil domain, which underlies earlyonset forms of HSP. We find that the TFG (p.R106C) mutation alters compaction of TFG ring complexes, which play a critical role in the export of cargoes from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Using CRISPR-mediated genome editing, we engineered human stem cells that express the mutant form of TFG at endogenous levels and identified specific defects in secretion from the ER and axon fasciculation following neuronal differentiation. Together, our data highlight a key role for TFG-mediated protein transport in the pathogenesis of HSP. Slosarek et al. demonstrate that pathological mutations in TFG, which underlie various forms of neurodegenerative disease, impair secretory protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum and compromise the ability of axons to self-associate. These findings highlight a critical function for the early secretory pathway in neuronal maintenance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Slosarek
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 440 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Amber L Schuh
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 440 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Iryna Pustova
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 440 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Adam Johnson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 440 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jennifer Bird
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 440 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Matthew Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, 91 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - E B Frankel
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 440 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Nilakshee Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, 91 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Michael G Hanna
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 440 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jordan E Burke
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - David A Ruhl
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Kyle Quinney
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 440 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Samuel Block
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 440 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jennifer L Peotter
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 440 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Edwin R Chapman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Michael D Sheets
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 440 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Samuel E Butcher
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Scott M Stagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, 91 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Anjon Audhya
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 440 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
ER-to-Golgi Transport: A Sizeable Problem. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:940-953. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
50
|
The Control Centers of Biomolecular Phase Separation: How Membrane Surfaces, PTMs, and Active Processes Regulate Condensation. Mol Cell 2019; 76:295-305. [PMID: 31604601 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Biomolecular condensation is emerging as an essential process for cellular compartmentalization. The formation of biomolecular condensates can be driven by liquid-liquid phase separation, which arises from weak, multivalent interactions among proteins and nucleic acids. A substantial body of recent work has revealed that diverse cellular processes rely on biomolecular condensation and that aberrant phase separation may cause disease. Many proteins display an intrinsic propensity to undergo phase separation. However, the mechanisms by which cells regulate phase separation to build functional condensates at the appropriate time and location are only beginning to be understood. Here, we review three key cellular mechanisms that enable the control of biomolecular phase separation: membrane surfaces, post-translational modifications, and active processes. We discuss how these mechanisms may function in concert to provide robust control over biomolecular condensates and suggest new research avenues that will elucidate how cells build and maintain these key centers of cellular compartmentalization.
Collapse
|