1
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Jimah JR, Kundu N, Stanton AE, Sochacki KA, Canagarajah B, Chan L, Strub MP, Wang H, Taraska JW, Hinshaw JE. Cryo-EM structures of membrane-bound dynamin in a post-hydrolysis state primed for membrane fission. Dev Cell 2024; 59:1783-1793.e5. [PMID: 38663399 PMCID: PMC11265984 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Dynamin assembles as a helical polymer at the neck of budding endocytic vesicles, constricting the underlying membrane as it progresses through the GTPase cycle to sever vesicles from the plasma membrane. Although atomic models of the dynamin helical polymer bound to guanosine triphosphate (GTP) analogs define earlier stages of membrane constriction, there are no atomic models of the assembled state post-GTP hydrolysis. Here, we used cryo-EM methods to determine atomic structures of the dynamin helical polymer assembled on lipid tubules, akin to necks of budding endocytic vesicles, in a guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-bound, super-constricted state. In this state, dynamin is assembled as a 2-start helix with an inner lumen of 3.4 nm, primed for spontaneous fission. Additionally, by cryo-electron tomography, we trapped dynamin helical assemblies within HeLa cells using the GTPase-defective dynamin K44A mutant and observed diverse dynamin helices, demonstrating that dynamin can accommodate a range of assembled complexes in cells that likely precede membrane fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Jimah
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Nidhi Kundu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Abigail E Stanton
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kem A Sochacki
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bertram Canagarajah
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lieza Chan
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marie-Paule Strub
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Huaibin Wang
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Justin W Taraska
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jenny E Hinshaw
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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2
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Tim B, Kouznetsova VL, Kesari S, Tsigelny IF. Targeting of insulin receptor endocytosis as a treatment to insulin resistance. J Diabetes Complications 2023; 37:108615. [PMID: 37788593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance is the decreased effectiveness of insulin receptor function during signaling of glucose uptake. Insulin receptors are regulated by endocytosis, a process that removes receptors from the cell surface to be marked for degradation or for re-use. OBJECTIVES Our goal was to discover insulin-resistance-related genes that play key roles in endocytosis which could serve as potential biological targets to enhance insulin sensitivity. METHODS The gene mutations related to insulin resistance were elucidated from ClinVar. These were used as the seed set. Using the GeneFriends program, the genes associated with this set were elucidated and used as an enriched set for the next step. The enriched gene set network was visualized by Cytoscape. After that, using the VisANT program, the most significant cluster of genes was identified. With the help of the DAVID program, the most important KEGG pathway corresponding to the gene cluster and insulin resistance was found. Eleven genes part of the KEGG endocytosis pathway were identified. Finally, using the ChEA3 program, seven transcription factors managing these genes were defined. RESULTS Thirty-two genes of pathogenic significance in insulin resistance were elucidated, and then co-expression data for these genes were utilized. These genes were organized into clusters, one of which was singled out for its high node count of 58 genes and low p-value (p = 4.117 × 10-7). DAVID Pathways, a functional annotation tool, helped identify a set of 11 genes from a single cluster associated with the endocytosis pathway related to insulin resistance. These genes (AMPH, BIN1, CBL, DNM1, DNM2, DNM3, ITCH, SH3GL1, SH3GL2, SH3GL3, and SH3KBP1) are all involved in either clathrin-mediated endocytosis of the insulin receptor (IR) or clathrin-independent endocytosis of insulin-resistance-related G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). They represent prime therapeutic targets to improve insulin sensitivity through modulation of transmembrane cell signaling. Using the ChEA3 database, we also found seven transcription factors (REST, MYPOP, CAMTA2, MYT1L, ZBTB18, NKX6-2, and CXXC5) that control the expression of these 11 genes. Inhibiting these key transcription factors would be another strategy to downregulate endocytosis. CONCLUSION We believe that delaying removal of insulin receptors from the cell surface would prolong signaling of glucose uptake and counteract the symptoms of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce Tim
- IUL Science Program, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Valentina L Kouznetsova
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; CureScience Institute, San Diego, CA, USA; BiAna, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Igor F Tsigelny
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; CureScience Institute, San Diego, CA, USA; BiAna, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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3
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Singh S, Yeat NY, Wang YT, Lin SY, Kuo IY, Wu KP, Wang WJ, Wang WC, Su WC, Wang YC, Chen RH. PTPN23 ubiquitination by WDR4 suppresses EGFR and c-MET degradation to define a lung cancer therapeutic target. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:671. [PMID: 37821451 PMCID: PMC10567730 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06201-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant overexpression or activation of EGFR drives the development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) by secondary EGFR mutations or c-MET amplification/activation remains as a major hurdle for NSCLC treatment. We previously identified WDR4 as a substrate adaptor of Cullin 4 ubiquitin ligase and an association of WDR4 high expression with poor prognosis of lung cancer. Here, using an unbiased ubiquitylome analysis, we uncover PTPN23, a component of the ESCRT complex, as a substrate of WDR4-based ubiquitin ligase. WDR4-mediated PTPN23 ubiquitination leads to its proteasomal degradation, thereby suppressing lysosome trafficking and degradation of wild type EGFR, EGFR mutant, and c-MET. Through this mechanism, WDR4 sustains EGFR and c-MET signaling to promote NSCLC proliferation, migration, invasion, stemness, and metastasis. Clinically, PTPN23 is downregulated in lung cancer and its low expression correlates with WDR4 high expression and poor prognosis. Targeting WDR4-mediated PTPN23 ubiquitination by a peptide that competes with PTPN23 for binding WDR4 promotes EGFR and c-MET degradation to block the growth and progression of EGFR TKI-resistant NSCLC. These findings identify a central role of WDR4/PTPN23 axis in EGFR and c-MET trafficking and a potential therapeutic target for treating EGFR TKI-resistant NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaifali Singh
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Nai Yang Yeat
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Wang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yu Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - I-Ying Kuo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Phon Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Won-Jing Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ching Wang
- Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chou Su
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Hwa Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
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4
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Vignesh R, Aradhyam GK. Calnuc-derived nesfatin-1-like peptide is an activator of tumor cell proliferation and migration. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:2288-2300. [PMID: 37539786 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Calnuc (nucleobindin-1, nucb1) is a Ca2+ -binding protein involved in the etiology of many human diseases. To understand the functions of calnuc, we have identified a nesfatin-1-like peptide (NLP) in its N terminus that is proteolyzed by a convertase enzyme in the secretory granules of cells. Mutational studies confirm the presence of a proteolytic cleavage site for proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 (PCSK1). We demonstrate that NLP regulates Gαq-mediated intracellular Ca2+ dynamics, likely via a G-protein-coupled receptor. NLP treatment to carcinoma cell lines (SCC131 cells) promotes the expression of regulators of cell cycle, proliferation, and clonogenicity by the AKT/mTOR pathway. NLP is causative of augmented migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), illustrating its metastatic propensity and establishing its tumor promotion ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravichandran Vignesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gopala Krishna Aradhyam
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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5
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Miyoshi H, Otomo M, Takahashi K. Clomipramine inhibits dynamin GTPase activity by L-α-phosphatidyl-L-serine stimulation. J Biochem 2023; 174:267-272. [PMID: 37137298 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvad038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Three dynamin isoforms play critical roles in clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters host cells via clathrin-dependent endocytosis. We previously reported that 3-(3-chloro-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepin-5-yl)-N,N-dimethylpropan-1-amine (clomipramine) inhibits the GTPase activity of dynamin 1, which is in mainly neuron. Therefore, we investigated whether clomipramine inhibits the activity of other dynamin isoforms in this study. We found that, similar to its inhibitory effect on dynamin 1, clomipramine inhibited the l-α-phosphatidyl-l-serine-stimulated GTPase activity of dynamin 2, which is expressed ubiquitously, and dynamin 3, which is expressed in the lung. Inhibition of GTPase activity raises the possibility that clomipramine can suppress SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Miyoshi
- Department of Microbiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
| | - Masahiro Otomo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
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6
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Iazzi M, Sadeghi S, Gupta GD. A Proteomic Survey of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Surfaceome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11457. [PMID: 37511222 PMCID: PMC10380767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review article is to collate recent contributions of proteomic studies to cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) biology. We summarize advances from these studies and create an accessible resource for future CFTR proteomic efforts. We focus our attention on the CFTR interaction network at the cell surface, thus generating a CFTR 'surfaceome'. We review the main findings about CFTR interactions and highlight several functional categories amongst these that could lead to the discovery of potential biomarkers and drug targets for CF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gagan D. Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
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7
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Banushi B, Joseph SR, Lum B, Lee JJ, Simpson F. Endocytosis in cancer and cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2023:10.1038/s41568-023-00574-6. [PMID: 37217781 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00574-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Endocytosis is a complex process whereby cell surface proteins, lipids and fluid from the extracellular environment are packaged, sorted and internalized into cells. Endocytosis is also a mechanism of drug internalization into cells. There are multiple routes of endocytosis that determine the fate of molecules, from degradation in the lysosomes to recycling back to the plasma membrane. The overall rates of endocytosis and temporal regulation of molecules transiting through endocytic pathways are also intricately linked with signalling outcomes. This process relies on an array of factors, such as intrinsic amino acid motifs and post-translational modifications. Endocytosis is frequently disrupted in cancer. These disruptions lead to inappropriate retention of receptor tyrosine kinases on the tumour cell membrane, changes in the recycling of oncogenic molecules, defective signalling feedback loops and loss of cell polarity. In the past decade, endocytosis has emerged as a pivotal regulator of nutrient scavenging, response to and regulation of immune surveillance and tumour immune evasion, tumour metastasis and therapeutic drug delivery. This Review summarizes and integrates these advances into the understanding of endocytosis in cancer. The potential to regulate these pathways in the clinic to improve cancer therapy is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blerida Banushi
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shannon R Joseph
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Benedict Lum
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason J Lee
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fiona Simpson
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.
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8
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Laiman J, Lin SS, Liu YW. Dynamins in human diseases: differential requirement of dynamin activity in distinct tissues. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 81:102174. [PMID: 37230036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Dynamin, a 100-kDa GTPase, is one of the most-characterized membrane fission machineries catalyzing vesicle release from plasma membrane during endocytosis. The human genome encodes three dynamins: DNM1, DNM2 and DNM3, with high amino acid similarity but distinct expression patterns. Ever since the discoveries of dynamin mutations associated with human diseases in 2005, dynamin has become a paradigm for studying pathogenic mechanisms of mutant proteins from the aspects of structural biology, cell biology, model organisms as well as therapeutic strategy development. Here, we review the diseases and pathogenic mechanisms caused by mutations of DNM1 and DNM2, focusing on the activity requirement and regulation of dynamins in different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Laiman
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Shan Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center of Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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9
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Rasmussen MQ, Tindbæk G, Nielsen MM, Merrild C, Steiniche T, Pedersen JS, Moestrup SK, Degn SE, Madsen M. Epigenetic Silencing of LRP2 Is Associated with Dedifferentiation and Poor Survival in Multiple Solid Tumor Types. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061830. [PMID: 36980716 PMCID: PMC10046670 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 80% of human cancers originate in epithelial tissues. Loss of epithelial cell characteristics are hallmarks of tumor development. Receptor-mediated endocytosis is a key function of absorptive epithelial cells with importance for cellular and organismal homeostasis. LRP2 (megalin) is the largest known endocytic membrane receptor and is essential for endocytosis of various ligands in specialized epithelia, including the proximal tubules of the kidney, the thyroid gland, and breast glandular epithelium. However, the role and regulation of LRP2 in cancers that arise from these tissues has not been delineated. Here, we examined the expression of LRP2 across 33 cancer types in The Cancer Genome Atlas. As expected, the highest levels of LRP2 were found in cancer types that arise from LRP2-expressing absorptive epithelial cells. However, in a subset of tumors from these cancer types, we observed epigenetic silencing of LRP2. LRP2 expression showed a strong inverse correlation to methylation of a specific CpG site (cg02361027) in the first intron of the LRP2 gene. Interestingly, low expression of LRP2 was associated with poor patient outcome in clear cell renal cell carcinoma, papillary renal cell carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary thyroid carcinoma, and invasive breast carcinoma. Furthermore, loss of LRP2 expression was associated with dedifferentiated histological and molecular subtypes of these cancers. These observations now motivate further studies on the functional role of LRP2 in tumors of epithelial origin and the potential use of LRP2 as a cancer biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gitte Tindbæk
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Horsens Regional Hospital, 8700 Horsens, Denmark
| | - Morten Muhlig Nielsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine (MOMA), Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Camilla Merrild
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torben Steiniche
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jakob Skou Pedersen
- Department of Molecular Medicine (MOMA), Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Center (BiRC), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren K Moestrup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Søren E Degn
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Madsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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10
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Li C, Wang S, Ma X, Wang T, Lu R, Jia X, Leng Z, Kong X, Zhang J, Li L. Ranitidine as an adjuvant regulates macrophage polarization and activates CTLs through the PI3K-Akt2 signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109729. [PMID: 37800555 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvants are an indispensable component of vaccines, but there are few adjuvants for human vaccines. H2 receptor blockers, inhibiting gastric acid secretion, have immune enhancement effects. Ranitidine (RAN) is a water-soluble H2 receptor blocker, and whether it has an immune-enhancing effect is still unknown. In this study, flow cytometry, western blotting, and immunofluorescence methods were used to analyze whether RAN could activate macrophage polarization to the M1 phenotype in vivo and in vitro. Here, we found that the M1 inflammatory cytokine levels and surface markers in RAW264.7 cells were upregulated by NF-κB activation, possibly through the PI3K-Akt2 signaling pathway, after RAN treatment. Endocytic function was also enhanced by feedback regulation of Akt2/GSK3β/Dynmin1 signaling. Furthermore, to evaluate the adjuvant function of RAN, we used OVA plus RAN as a vaccine to inhibit the growth of B16-OVA tumors in mice. We also found that in the RAN adjuvant group, macrophage polarization to M1, Th1 cell differentiation, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activation were significantly upregulated. The tumor growth of mice was inhibited, and the survival rate of mice was significantly improved. This study provides new evidence for the mechanism by which RAN activates the immune response and is expected to provide a new strategy for the research and development of tumor vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiaoran Ma
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Ran Lu
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Xihui Jia
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Zhe Leng
- Department of Gynecology, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Xiaowen Kong
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China.
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11
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Yang K, Li Z, Chen Y, Yin F, Ji X, Zhou J, Li X, Zeng T, Fei C, Ren C, Wang Y, Fang L, Chen L, Zhang P, Mu L, Qian Y, Chen Y, Yin W. Na, K-ATPase α1 cooperates with its endogenous ligand to reprogram immune microenvironment of lung carcinoma and promotes immune escape. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade5393. [PMID: 36763655 PMCID: PMC9916986 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade5393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated endocrine hormones (EHs) contribute to tumorigenesis, but how EHs affect the tumor immune microenvironment (TIM) and the immunotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still unclear. Here, endogenous ouabain (EO), an adrenergic hormone, is elevated in patients with NSCLC and closely related to tumor pathological stage, metastasis, and survival. EO promotes the suppression of TIM in vivo by modulating the expression of immune checkpoint proteins, in which programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1) plays a major role. EO increases PD-L1 transcription; however, the EO receptor Na- and K-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (Na, K-ATPase) α1 interacts with PD-L1 to trigger the endocytic degradation of PD-L1. This seemingly contradictory result led us to discover the mechanism whereby EO cooperates with Na, K-ATPase α1 to finely control PD-L1 expression and dampen tumoral immunity. In conclusion, the Na, K-ATPase α1/EO signaling facilitates immune escape in lung cancer, and manipulation of this signaling shows great promise in improving immunotherapy for lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zijian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fangzhou Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaojun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiaqian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chenghao Fei
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chenchen Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lei Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Lili Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Liyan Mu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuxuan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wu Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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12
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Larsson E, Morén B, McMahon KA, Parton RG, Lundmark R. Dynamin2 functions as an accessory protein to reduce the rate of caveola internalization. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:213853. [PMID: 36729022 PMCID: PMC9929934 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202205122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Caveolae are small membrane invaginations that generally are stably attached to the plasma membrane. Their release is believed to depend on the GTPase dynamin 2 (Dyn2), in analogy with its role in fission of clathrin-coated vesicles. The mechanistic understanding of caveola fission is, however, sparse. Here, we used microscopy-based tracking of individual caveolae in living cells to determine the role of Dyn2 in caveola dynamics. We report that Dyn2 stably associated with the bulb of a subset of caveolae, but was not required for formation or fission of caveolae. Dyn2-positive caveolae displayed longer plasma membrane duration times, whereas depletion of Dyn2 resulted in shorter duration times and increased caveola fission. The stabilizing role of Dyn2 was independent of its GTPase activity and the caveola stabilizing protein EHD2. Thus, we propose that, in contrast to the current view, Dyn2 is not a core component of the caveolae machinery, but rather functions as an accessory protein that restrains caveola internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Larsson
- https://ror.org/05kb8h459Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden,Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Björn Morén
- https://ror.org/05kb8h459Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden,Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kerrie-Ann McMahon
- https://ror.org/00rqy9422Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert G. Parton
- https://ror.org/00rqy9422Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia,Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Richard Lundmark
- https://ror.org/05kb8h459Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden,Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden,Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden,Correspondence to Richard Lundmark:
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13
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Laiman J, Hsu YJ, Loh J, Tang WC, Chuang MC, Liu HK, Yang WS, Chen BC, Chuang LM, Chang YC, Liu YW. GSK3α phosphorylates dynamin-2 to promote GLUT4 endocytosis in muscle cells. J Cell Biol 2022; 222:213725. [PMID: 36445308 PMCID: PMC9712776 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202102119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-stimulated translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) to plasma membrane of skeletal muscle is critical for postprandial glucose uptake; however, whether the internalization of GLUT4 is also regulated by insulin signaling remains unclear. Here, we discover that the activity of dynamin-2 (Dyn2) in catalyzing GLUT4 endocytosis is negatively regulated by insulin signaling in muscle cells. Mechanistically, the fission activity of Dyn2 is inhibited by binding with the SH3 domain of Bin1. In the absence of insulin, GSK3α phosphorylates Dyn2 to relieve the inhibition of Bin1 and promotes endocytosis. Conversely, insulin signaling inactivates GSK3α and leads to attenuated GLUT4 internalization. Furthermore, the isoform-specific pharmacological inhibition of GSK3α significantly improves insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in diet-induced insulin-resistant mice. Together, we identify a new role of GSK3α in insulin-stimulated glucose disposal by regulating Dyn2-mediated GLUT4 endocytosis in muscle cells. These results highlight the isoform-specific function of GSK3α on membrane trafficking and its potential as a therapeutic target for metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Laiman
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Jung Hsu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Julie Loh
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Tang
- ResearchCenter for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chun Chuang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Kang Liu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan,Program in the Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Shun Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Bi-Chang Chen
- ResearchCenter for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Ming Chuang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan,Yi-Cheng Chang:
| | - Ya-Wen Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Center of Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Correspondence to Ya-Wen Liu:
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14
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Ohnishi Y, Tsuji D, Itoh K. Oxidative Stress Impairs Autophagy <i>via</i> Inhibition of Lysosomal Transport of VAMP8. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:1609-1615. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yukiya Ohnishi
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Daisuke Tsuji
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Kohji Itoh
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University
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15
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Zhou Z, Ren Y, Yang J, Liu M, Shi X, Luo W, Fung KM, Xu C, Bronze MS, Zhang Y, Houchen CW, Li M. Acetyl-Coenzyme A Synthetase 2 Potentiates Macropinocytosis and Muscle Wasting Through Metabolic Reprogramming in Pancreatic Cancer. Gastroenterology 2022; 163:1281-1293.e1. [PMID: 35777482 PMCID: PMC9613512 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Rapid deconditioning, also called cachexia, and metabolic reprogramming are two hallmarks of pancreatic cancer. Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase short-chain family member 2 (ACSS2) is an acetyl-enzyme A synthetase that contributes to lipid synthesis and epigenetic reprogramming. However, the role of ACSS2 on the nonselective macropinocytosis and cancer cachexia in pancreatic cancer remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that ACSS2 potentiates macropinocytosis and muscle wasting through metabolic reprogramming in pancreatic cancer. METHODS Clinical significance of ACSS2 was analyzed using samples from patients with pancreatic cancer. ACSS2-knockout cells were established using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9 system. Single-cell RNA sequencing data from genetically engineered mouse models was analyzed. The macropinocytotic index was evaluated by dextran uptake assay. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was performed to validate transcriptional activation. ACSS2-mediated tumor progression and muscle wasting were examined in orthotopic xenograft models. RESULTS Metabolic stress induced ACSS2 expression, which is associated with worse prognosis in pancreatic cancer. ACSS2 knockout significantly suppressed cell proliferation in 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional models. Macropinocytosis-associated genes are upregulated in tumor tissues and are correlated with worse prognosis. ACSS2 knockout inhibited macropinocytosis. We identified Zrt- and Irt-like protein 4 (ZIP4) as a downstream target of ACSS2, and knockdown of ZIP4 reversed ACSS2-induced macropinocytosis. ACSS2 upregulated ZIP4 through ETV4-mediated transcriptional activation. ZIP4 induces macropinocytosis through cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein-activated syndecan 1 (SDC1) and dynamin 2 (DNM2). Meanwhile, ZIP4 drives muscle wasting and cachexia via glycogen synthase kinase-β (GSK3β)-mediated secretion of tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 10 (TRAIL or TNFSF10). ACSS2 knockout attenuated muscle wasting and extended survival in orthotopic mouse models. CONCLUSIONS ACSS2-mediated metabolic reprogramming activates the ZIP4 pathway, and promotes macropinocytosis via SDC1/DNM2 and drives muscle wasting through the GSK3β/TRAIL axis, which potentially provides additional nutrients for macropinocytosis in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Zhou
- Department of Medicine, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Department of Surgery, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Yu Ren
- Department of Medicine, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Department of Surgery, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Jingxuan Yang
- Department of Medicine, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Department of Surgery, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Mingyang Liu
- Department of Medicine, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Department of Surgery, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Xiuhui Shi
- Department of Medicine, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Department of Surgery, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Wenyi Luo
- Department of Pathology, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Kar-Ming Fung
- Department of Pathology, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Michael S Bronze
- Department of Medicine, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Department of Medicine, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Department of Surgery, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
| | - Courtney W Houchen
- Department of Medicine, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
| | - Min Li
- Department of Medicine, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Department of Surgery, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
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16
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Jheng JR, Hsieh CF, Chang YH, Ho JY, Tang WF, Chen ZY, Liu CJ, Lin TJ, Huang LY, Chern JH, Horng JT. Rosmarinic acid interferes with influenza virus A entry and replication by decreasing GSK3β and phosphorylated AKT expression levels. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2022; 55:598-610. [PMID: 35650006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2022.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to examine the in vivo activity of rosmarinic acid (RA) - a phytochemical with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties - against influenza virus (IAV). An antibody-based kinase array and different in vitro functional assays were also applied to identify the mechanistic underpinnings by which RA may exert its anti-IAV activity. METHODS We initially examined the potential efficacy of RA using an in vivo mouse model. A time-of-addition assay and an antibody-based kinase array were subsequently applied to investigate mechanism-of-action targets for RA. The hemagglutination inhibition assay, neuraminidase inhibition assay, and cellular entry assay were also performed. RESULTS RA increased survival and prevented body weight loss in IAV-infected mice. In vitro experiments revealed that RA inhibited different IAV viruses - including oseltamivir-resistant strains. From a mechanistic point of view, RA downregulated the GSK3β and Akt signaling pathways - which are known to facilitate IAV entry and replication into host cells. CONCLUSIONS RA has promising preclinical efficacy against IAV, primarily by interfering with the GSK3β and Akt signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Rong Jheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Chung-Fan Hsieh
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiu Chang
- National Defense Medical Center, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Taipei 104, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Yuan Ho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Fang Tang
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Yi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Jou Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Jen Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yu Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Haur Chern
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 350, Taiwan
| | - Jim-Tong Horng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
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17
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Hsu SC, Wu NP, Lu YC, Ma YH. Laminin Receptor-Mediated Nanoparticle Uptake by Tumor Cells: Interplay of Epigallocatechin Gallate and Magnetic Force at Nano–Bio Interface. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081523. [PMID: 35893779 PMCID: PMC9330565 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a major tea catechin, enhances cellular uptake of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), but the mechanism remains unclear. Since EGCG may interact with the 67-kDa laminin receptor (67LR) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), we investigate whether a receptor and its downstream signaling may mediate EGCG’s enhancement effects on nanoparticle uptake. As measured using a colorimetric iron assay, EGCG induced a concentration-dependent enhancement effect of MNP internalization by LN-229 glioma cells, which was synergistically enhanced by the application of a magnetic field. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that EGCG increased the number, but not the size, of internalized vesicles, whereas EGCG and the magnet synergistically increased the size of vesicles. EGCG appears to enhance particle–particle interaction and thus aggregation following a 5-min magnet application. An antibody against 67LR, knockdown of 67LR, and a 67LR peptide (amino acid 161–170 of 67LR) attenuated EGCG-induced MNP uptake by 35%, 100%, and 45%, respectively, suggesting a crucial role of 67LR in the effects of EGCG. Heparin, the 67LR-binding glycosaminoglycan, attenuated EGCG-induced MNP uptake in the absence, but not presence, of the magnet. Such enhancement effects of EGCG were attenuated by LY294002 (a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor) and Akt inhibitor, but not by agents affecting cGMP levels, suggesting potential involvement of signaling downstream of 67LR. In contrast, the antibody against EGFR exerted no effect on EGCG-enhanced internalization. These results suggest that 67LR may be potentially amenable to tumor-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Chieh Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Master Program in Biotechnology Industry, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
| | - Nian-Ping Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Ching Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
| | - Yunn-Hwa Ma
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Guishan, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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18
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Jeitner TM, Babich JW, Kelly JM. Advances in PSMA theranostics. Transl Oncol 2022; 22:101450. [PMID: 35597190 PMCID: PMC9123266 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PSMA is an appealing target for theranostic because it is a transmembrane protein with a known substrate that is overexpessed on prostate cancer cells and internalizes upon ligand binding. There are a number of PSMA theranostic ligands in clinical evaluation, clinical trial, or clinically approved. PSMA theranostic ligands increase progression-free survival, overall survival, and pain in patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer. A major obstacle to PSMA-targeted radioligand therapy is off-target toxicity in salivary glands.
The validation of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) as a molecular target in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer has stimulated the development of multiple classes of theranostic ligands that specifically target PSMA. Theranostic ligands are used to image disease or selectively deliver cytotoxic radioactivity to cells expressing PSMA according to the radioisotope conjugated to the ligand. PSMA theranostics is a rapidly advancing field that is now integrating into clinical management of prostate cancer patients. In this review we summarize published research describing the biological role(s) and activity of PSMA, highlight the most clinically advanced PSMA targeting molecules and biomacromolecules, and identify next generation PSMA ligands that aim to further improve treatment efficacy. The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the current state-of-play and a roadmap to achieving further advances in PSMA theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Jeitner
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Belfer Research Building, 413 East 69th Street, Room BB-1604, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - John W Babich
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Belfer Research Building, 413 East 69th Street, Room BB-1604, New York, NY 10021, USA; Weill Cornell Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA; Weill Cornell Medicine, Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - James M Kelly
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Belfer Research Building, 413 East 69th Street, Room BB-1604, New York, NY 10021, USA; Weill Cornell Medicine, Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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19
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Smythe E. Clathrin coated pits as signaling platforms for Akt signaling. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:e202203026. [PMID: 35320342 PMCID: PMC8952812 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202203026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling by the activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) results in diverse cell fates. In this issue, Cabral-Dias et al. (2022. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201808181) demonstrate how plasma membrane clathrin coated pits can act as a signaling platform for one branch of EGFR downstream signaling.
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20
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Cabral-Dias R, Lucarelli S, Zak K, Rahmani S, Judge G, Abousawan J, DiGiovanni LF, Vural D, Anderson KE, Sugiyama MG, Genc G, Hong W, Botelho RJ, Fairn GD, Kim PK, Antonescu CN. Fyn and TOM1L1 are recruited to clathrin-coated pits and regulate Akt signaling. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213045. [PMID: 35238864 PMCID: PMC8899389 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201808181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) controls many aspects of cell physiology. EGF binding to EGFR elicits the membrane recruitment and activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, leading to Akt phosphorylation and activation. Concomitantly, EGFR is recruited to clathrin-coated pits (CCPs), eventually leading to receptor endocytosis. Previous work uncovered that clathrin, but not receptor endocytosis, is required for EGF-stimulated Akt activation, and that some EGFR signals are enriched in CCPs. Here, we examine how CCPs control EGFR signaling. The signaling adaptor TOM1L1 and the Src-family kinase Fyn are enriched within a subset of CCPs with unique lifetimes and protein composition. Perturbation of TOM1L1 or Fyn impairs EGF-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt2 but not Akt1. EGF stimulation also triggered the TOM1L1- and Fyn-dependent recruitment of the phosphoinositide 5-phosphatase SHIP2 to CCPs. Thus, the recruitment of TOM1L1 and Fyn to a subset of CCPs underlies a role for these structures in the support of EGFR signaling leading to Akt activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Cabral-Dias
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stefanie Lucarelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karolina Zak
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sadia Rahmani
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gurjeet Judge
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Abousawan
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura F DiGiovanni
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dafne Vural
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen E Anderson
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael G Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gizem Genc
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wanjin Hong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Roberto J Botelho
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory D Fairn
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Peter K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Costin N Antonescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Górska A, Mazur AJ. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK): the known vs. the unknown and perspectives. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:100. [PMID: 35089438 PMCID: PMC8799556 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04104-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a multifunctional molecular actor in cell-matrix interactions, cell adhesion, and anchorage-dependent cell growth. It combines functions of a signal transductor and a scaffold protein through its interaction with integrins, then facilitating further protein recruitment within the ILK-PINCH-Parvin complex. ILK is involved in crucial cellular processes including proliferation, survival, differentiation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis, which reflects on systemic changes in the kidney, heart, muscle, skin, and vascular system, also during the embryonal development. Dysfunction of ILK underlies the pathogenesis of various diseases, including the pro-oncogenic activity in tumorigenesis. ILK localizes mostly to the cell membrane and remains an important component of focal adhesion. We do know much about ILK but a lot still remains either uncovered or unclear. Although it was initially classified as a serine/threonine-protein kinase, its catalytical activity is now questioned due to structural and functional issues, leaving the exact molecular mechanism of signal transduction by ILK unsolved. While it is known that the three isoforms of ILK vary in length, the presence of crucial domains, and modification sites, most of the research tends to focus on the main isoform of this protein while the issue of functional differences of ILK2 and ILK3 still awaits clarification. The activity of ILK is regulated on the transcriptional, protein, and post-transcriptional levels. The crucial role of phosphorylation and ubiquitylation has been investigated, but the functions of the vast majority of modifications are still unknown. In the light of all those open issues, here we present an extensive literature survey covering a wide spectrum of latest findings as well as a past-to-present view on controversies regarding ILK, finishing with pointing out some open questions to be resolved by further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Górska
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Antonina Joanna Mazur
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland.
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22
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DNM1: A Prognostic Biomarker Associated with Immune Infiltration in Colon Cancer-A Study Based on TCGA Database. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:4896106. [PMID: 34888380 PMCID: PMC8651384 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4896106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aim The aim of our work was to determine the utility of DNM1 as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of colon cancer (CC). Methods DNM1 expression variations in CC vs. normal tissues were investigated using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The association of DNM1 expression levels with the clinicopathological variables in CC prognosis was investigated using logistic regression analyses. Independent prognostic factors for CC were evaluated using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. The correlation between DNM1 expression and immune cell infiltration was estimated using single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA). Results DNM1 expression in CC tissues was significantly higher than that in normal tissues. High DNM1 expression was significantly correlated with M stage, N stage, perineural invasion and lymphatic invasion and predicted poor prognosis. The univariate analysis highlighted that DNM1 was an independent CC risk factor. Results of ssGSEA showed that DNM1 was linked to several cancer-related pathways, including the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, ECM-receptor interaction, dilated cardiomyopathy, and calcium signaling pathway. Moreover, DNM1 expression was positively correlated with the level of infiltration by Neutrophils, Tregs, NK cells, and Macrophages. Conclusion DNM1 has a significant function and has diagnostic and prognostic potential for CC.
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23
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Tremblay CS, Ting SB, McCluskey A, Robinson PJ, Curtis DJ. Shutting the gate: targeting endocytosis in acute leukemia. Exp Hematol 2021; 104:17-31. [PMID: 34563604 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Endocytosis entails selective packaging of cell surface cargos in cytoplasmic vesicles, thereby controlling key intrinsic cellular processes as well as the response of normal and malignant cells to their microenvironment. The purpose of this review is to outline the latest advances in the development of endocytosis-targeting therapeutic strategies in hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric S Tremblay
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Stephen B Ting
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Clinical Haematology, Eastern Health, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia; Department of Clinical Haematology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam McCluskey
- Chemistry, Centre for Chemical Biology, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Phillip J Robinson
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Cell Signalling Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David J Curtis
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Clinical Haematology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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24
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Sigismund S, Lanzetti L, Scita G, Di Fiore PP. Endocytosis in the context-dependent regulation of individual and collective cell properties. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:625-643. [PMID: 34075221 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endocytosis allows cells to transport particles and molecules across the plasma membrane. In addition, it is involved in the termination of signalling through receptor downmodulation and degradation. This traditional outlook has been substantially modified in recent years by discoveries that endocytosis and subsequent trafficking routes have a profound impact on the positive regulation and propagation of signals, being key for the spatiotemporal regulation of signal transmission in cells. Accordingly, endocytosis and membrane trafficking regulate virtually every aspect of cell physiology and are frequently subverted in pathological conditions. Two key aspects of endocytic control over signalling are coming into focus: context-dependency and long-range effects. First, endocytic-regulated outputs are not stereotyped but heavily dependent on the cell-specific regulation of endocytic networks. Second, endocytic regulation has an impact not only on individual cells but also on the behaviour of cellular collectives. Herein, we will discuss recent advancements in these areas, highlighting how endocytic trafficking impacts complex cell properties, including cell polarity and collective cell migration, and the relevance of these mechanisms to disease, in particular cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sigismund
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Lanzetti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Torino, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Giorgio Scita
- Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Di Fiore
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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25
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Deisl C, Hilgemann DW, Syeda R, Fine M. TMEM16F and dynamins control expansive plasma membrane reservoirs. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4990. [PMID: 34404808 PMCID: PMC8371123 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25286-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells can expand their plasma membrane laterally by unfolding membrane undulations and by exocytosis. Here, we describe a third mechanism involving invaginations held shut by the membrane adapter, dynamin. Compartments open when Ca activates the lipid scramblase, TMEM16F, anionic phospholipids escape from the cytoplasmic monolayer in exchange for neutral lipids, and dynamins relax. Deletion of TMEM16F or dynamins blocks expansion, with loss of dynamin expression generating a maximally expanded basal plasma membrane state. Re-expression of dynamin2 or its GTPase-inactivated mutant, but not a lipid binding mutant, regenerates reserve compartments and rescues expansion. Dynamin2-GFP fusion proteins form punctae that rapidly dissipate from these compartments during TMEM16F activation. Newly exposed compartments extend deeply into the cytoplasm, lack numerous organellar markers, and remain closure-competent for many seconds. Without Ca, compartments open slowly when dynamins are sequestered by cytoplasmic dynamin antibodies or when scrambling is mimicked by neutralizing anionic phospholipids and supplementing neutral lipids. Activation of Ca-permeable mechanosensitive channels via cell swelling or channel agonists opens the compartments in parallel with phospholipid scrambling. Thus, dynamins and TMEM16F control large plasma membrane reserves that open in response to lateral membrane stress and Ca influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Deisl
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Physiology, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Donald W Hilgemann
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Physiology, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Ruhma Syeda
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Neuroscience, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Michael Fine
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Physiology, Dallas, TX, USA.
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Molecular Genetics, Dallas, TX, USA.
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26
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Bao F, Hao P, An S, Yang Y, Liu Y, Hao Q, Ejaz M, Guo XX, Xu TR. Akt scaffold proteins: the key to controlling specificity of Akt signaling. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C429-C442. [PMID: 34161152 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00146.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt signaling pathway plays an essential role in regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. Akt kinase is at the center of this signaling pathway and interacts with a variety of proteins. Akt is overexpressed in almost 80% of tumors. However, inhibiting Akt has serious clinical side effects so is not a suitable treatment for cancer. During recent years, Akt scaffold proteins have received increasing attention for their ability to regulate Akt signaling and have emerged as potential targets for cancer therapy. In this paper, we categorize Akt kinase scaffold proteins into four groups based on their cellular location: membrane-bound activator and inhibitor, cytoplasm, and endosome. We describe how these scaffolds interact with Akt kinase, how they affect Akt activity, and how they regulate the specificity of Akt signaling. We also discuss the clinical application of Akt scaffold proteins as targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Bao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Center of Stomatology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Peiqi Hao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Su An
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qian Hao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Mubashir Ejaz
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao-Xi Guo
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tian-Rui Xu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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27
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Kim HJ, Kim HS, Hong YH. Sulfatase 1 and sulfatase 2 as novel regulators of macrophage antigen presentation and phagocytosis. Yeungnam Univ J Med 2021; 38:326-336. [PMID: 34157797 PMCID: PMC8688788 DOI: 10.12701/yujm.2021.01025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sulfation of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) is critical for the binding and signaling of ligands that mediate inflammation. Extracellular 6-O-endosulfatases regulate posttranslational sulfation levels and patterns of HSPGs. In this study, extracellular 6-O-endosulfatases, sulfatase (Sulf)-1 and Sulf-2, were evaluated for their expression and function in inflammatory cells and tissues. Methods Harvested human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were treated with phytohemagglutinin and lipopolysaccharide, and murine peritoneal macrophages were stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1β for the evaluation of Sulf-1 and Sulf-2 expression. Sulf expression in inflammatory cells was examined in the human rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium by immunofluorescence staining. The antigen presentation and phagocytic activities of macrophages were compared according to the expression state of Sulfs. Sulfs-knockdown macrophages and Sulfs-overexpressing macrophages were generated using small interfering RNAs and pcDNA3.1 plasmids for Sulf-1 and Sulf-2, respectively. Results Lymphocytes and monocytes showed weak Sulf expression, which remained unaffected by IL-1β. However, peritoneal macrophages showed increased expression of Sulfs upon stimulation with IL-1β. In human RA synovium, two-colored double immunofluorescent staining of Sulfs and CD68 revealed active upregulation of Sulfs in macrophages of inflamed tissues, but not in lymphocytes of lymphoid follicles. Macrophages are professional antigen-presenting cells. The antigen presentation and phagocytic activities of macrophages were dependent on the level of Sulf expression, suppressed in Sulfs-knockdown macrophages, and enhanced in Sulfs-overexpressing macrophages. Conclusion The results demonstrate that upregulation of Sulfs in macrophages occurs in response to inflammation, and Sulfs actively regulate the antigen presentation and phagocytic activities of macrophages as novel immune regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Je Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA University, CHA Gumi Medical Center, Gumi, Korea
| | - Hee-Sun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Hong
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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28
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Borges JP, Mekhail K, Fairn GD, Antonescu CN, Steinberg BE. Modulation of Pathological Pain by Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:642820. [PMID: 34054523 PMCID: PMC8149758 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.642820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain has been widely recognized as a major public health problem that impacts multiple aspects of patient quality of life. Unfortunately, chronic pain is often resistant to conventional analgesics, which are further limited by their various side effects. New therapeutic strategies and targets are needed to better serve the millions of people suffering from this devastating disease. To this end, recent clinical and preclinical studies have implicated the epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway in chronic pain states. EGFR is one of four members of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases that have key roles in development and the progression of many cancers. EGFR functions by activating many intracellular signaling pathways following binding of various ligands to the receptor. Several of these signaling pathways, such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, are known mediators of pain. EGFR inhibitors are known for their use as cancer therapeutics but given recent evidence in pilot clinical and preclinical investigations, may have clinical use for treating chronic pain. Here, we review the clinical and preclinical evidence implicating EGFR in pathological pain states and provide an overview of EGFR signaling highlighting how EGFR and its ligands drive pain hypersensitivity and interact with important pain pathways such as the opioid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazlyn P Borges
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Katrina Mekhail
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory D Fairn
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Costin N Antonescu
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin E Steinberg
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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29
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Ferreira APA, Casamento A, Carrillo Roas S, Halff EF, Panambalana J, Subramaniam S, Schützenhofer K, Chan Wah Hak L, McGourty K, Thalassinos K, Kittler JT, Martinvalet D, Boucrot E. Cdk5 and GSK3β inhibit fast endophilin-mediated endocytosis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2424. [PMID: 33893293 PMCID: PMC8065113 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22603-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis mediates the cellular uptake of micronutrients and cell surface proteins. Fast Endophilin-mediated endocytosis, FEME, is not constitutively active but triggered upon receptor activation. High levels of growth factors induce spontaneous FEME, which can be suppressed upon serum starvation. This suggested a role for protein kinases in this growth factor receptor-mediated regulation. Using chemical and genetic inhibition, we find that Cdk5 and GSK3β are negative regulators of FEME. They antagonize the binding of Endophilin to Dynamin-1 and to CRMP4, a Plexin A1 adaptor. This control is required for proper axon elongation, branching and growth cone formation in hippocampal neurons. The kinases also block the recruitment of Dynein onto FEME carriers by Bin1. As GSK3β binds to Endophilin, it imposes a local regulation of FEME. Thus, Cdk5 and GSK3β are key regulators of FEME, licensing cells for rapid uptake by the pathway only when their activity is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio P A Ferreira
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alessandra Casamento
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sara Carrillo Roas
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Els F Halff
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - James Panambalana
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Shaan Subramaniam
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, London, UK
| | - Kira Schützenhofer
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Laura Chan Wah Hak
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK
- Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kieran McGourty
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | | | - Josef T Kittler
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Emmanuel Boucrot
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK.
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, London, UK.
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30
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Landin Malt A, Clancy S, Hwang D, Liu A, Smith C, Smith M, Hatley M, Clemens C, Lu X. Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Regulates Cochlear Outgrowth and Planar Cell Polarity via Gsk3β Inhibition. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:649830. [PMID: 33937247 PMCID: PMC8086559 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.649830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
During development, sensory hair cells (HCs) in the cochlea assemble a stereociliary hair bundle on their apical surface with planar polarized structure and orientation. We have recently identified a non-canonical, Wnt/G-protein/PI3K signaling pathway that promotes cochlear outgrowth and coordinates planar polarization of the HC apical cytoskeleton and alignment of HC orientation across the cochlear epithelium. Here, we determined the involvement of the kinase Gsk3β and the small GTPase Rac1 in non-canonical Wnt signaling and its regulation of the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway in the cochlea. We provided the first in vivo evidence for Wnt regulation of Gsk3β activity via inhibitory Ser9 phosphorylation. Furthermore, we carried out genetic rescue experiments of cochlear defects caused by blocking Wnt secretion. We showed that cochlear outgrowth was partially rescued by genetic ablation of Gsk3β but not by expression of stabilized β-catenin; while PCP defects, including hair bundle polarity and junctional localization of the core PCP proteins Fzd6 and Dvl2, were partially rescued by either Gsk3β ablation or constitutive activation of Rac1. Our results identify Gsk3β and likely Rac1 as downstream components of non-canonical Wnt signaling and mediators of cochlear outgrowth, HC planar polarity, and localization of a subset of core PCP proteins in the cochlea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Landin Malt
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Shaylyn Clancy
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Diane Hwang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Alice Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Connor Smith
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Margaret Smith
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Maya Hatley
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Christopher Clemens
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Xiaowei Lu
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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Akt Interacts with Usutu Virus Polymerase, and Its Activity Modulates Viral Replication. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10020244. [PMID: 33672588 PMCID: PMC7924047 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Usutu virus (USUV) is a flavivirus that mainly infects wild birds through the bite of Culex mosquitoes. Recent outbreaks have been associated with an increased number of cases in humans. Despite being a growing source of public health concerns, there is yet insufficient data on the virus or host cell targets for infection control. In this work we have investigated whether the cellular kinase Akt and USUV polymerase NS5 interact and co-localize in a cell. To this aim, we performed co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays, followed by confocal microscopy analyses. We further tested whether NS5 is a phosphorylation substrate of Akt in vitro. Finally, to examine its role in viral replication, we chemically silenced Akt with three inhibitors (MK-2206, honokiol and ipatasertib). We found that both proteins are localized (confocal) and pulled down (Co-IP) together when expressed in different cell lines, supporting the fact that they are interacting partners. This possibility was further sustained by data showing that NS5 is phosphorylated by Akt. Treatment of USUV-infected cells with Akt-specific inhibitors led to decreases in virus titers (>10-fold). Our results suggest an important role for Akt in virus replication and stimulate further investigations to examine the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway as an antiviral target.
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32
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von Zastrow M, Sorkin A. Mechanisms for Regulating and Organizing Receptor Signaling by Endocytosis. Annu Rev Biochem 2021; 90:709-737. [PMID: 33606955 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-081820-092427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Intricate relationships between endocytosis and cellular signaling, first recognized nearly 40 years ago through the study of tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors, are now known to exist for multiple receptor classes and to affect myriad physiological and developmental processes. This review summarizes our present understanding of how endocytosis orchestrates cellular signaling networks, with an emphasis on mechanistic underpinnings and focusing on two receptor classes-tyrosine kinase and G protein-coupled receptors-that have been investigated in particular detail. Together, these examples provide a useful survey of the current consensus, uncertainties, and controversies in this rapidly advancing area of cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark von Zastrow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA;
| | - Alexander Sorkin
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA;
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33
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Khan I, Steeg PS. Endocytosis: a pivotal pathway for regulating metastasis. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:66-75. [PMID: 33262521 PMCID: PMC7782782 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01179-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A potentially important aspect in the regulation of tumour metastasis is endocytosis. This process consists of internalisation of cell-surface receptors via pinocytosis, phagocytosis or receptor-mediated endocytosis, the latter of which includes clathrin-, caveolae- and non-clathrin or caveolae-mediated mechanisms. Endocytosis then progresses through several intracellular compartments for sorting and routing of cargo, ending in lysosomal degradation, recycling back to the cell surface or secretion. Multiple endocytic proteins are dysregulated in cancer and regulate tumour metastasis, particularly migration and invasion. Importantly, four metastasis suppressor genes function in part by regulating endocytosis, namely, the NME, KAI, MTSS1 and KISS1 pathways. Data on metastasis suppressors identify a new point of dysregulation operative in tumour metastasis, alterations in signalling through endocytosis. This review will focus on the multicomponent process of endocytosis affecting different steps of metastasis and how metastatic-suppressor genes use endocytosis to suppress metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Patricia S Steeg
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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34
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Giangreco G, Malabarba MG, Sigismund S. Specialised endocytic proteins regulate diverse internalisation mechanisms and signalling outputs in physiology and cancer. Biol Cell 2020; 113:165-182. [PMID: 33617023 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although endocytosis was first described as the process mediating macromolecule or nutrient uptake through the plasma membrane, it is now recognised as a critical component of the cellular infrastructure involved in numerous processes, ranging from receptor signalling, proliferation and migration to polarity and stem cell regulation. To realise these varying roles, endocytosis needs to be finely regulated. Accordingly, multiple endocytic mechanisms exist that require specialised molecular machineries and an array of endocytic adaptor proteins with cell-specific functions. This review provides some examples of specialised functions of endocytic adaptors and other components of the endocytic machinery in different cell physiological processes, and how the alteration of these functions is linked to cancer. In particular, we focus on: (i) cargo selection and endocytic mechanisms linked to different adaptors; (ii) specialised functions in clathrin-mediated versus non-clathrin endocytosis; (iii) differential regulation of endocytic mechanisms by post-translational modification of endocytic proteins; (iv) cell context-dependent expression and function of endocytic proteins. As cases in point, we describe two endocytic protein families, dynamins and epsins. Finally, we discuss how dysregulation of the physiological role of these specialised endocytic proteins is exploited by cancer cells to increase cell proliferation, migration and invasion, leading to anti-apoptotic or pro-metastatic behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Grazia Malabarba
- IEO, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-oncologia, , Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Sigismund
- IEO, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-oncologia, , Milan, Italy
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35
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Profile of Sandra L. Schmid. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:31563-31566. [PMID: 33257559 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022997117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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36
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Bhave M, Mino RE, Wang X, Lee J, Grossman HM, Lakoduk AM, Danuser G, Schmid SL, Mettlen M. Functional characterization of 67 endocytic accessory proteins using multiparametric quantitative analysis of CCP dynamics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:31591-31602. [PMID: 33257546 PMCID: PMC7749282 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2020346117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) begins with the nucleation of clathrin assembly on the plasma membrane, followed by stabilization and growth/maturation of clathrin-coated pits (CCPs) that eventually pinch off and internalize as clathrin-coated vesicles. This highly regulated process involves a myriad of endocytic accessory proteins (EAPs), many of which are multidomain proteins that encode a wide range of biochemical activities. Although domain-specific activities of EAPs have been extensively studied, their precise stage-specific functions have been identified in only a few cases. Using single-guide RNA (sgRNA)/dCas9 and small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated protein knockdown, combined with an image-based analysis pipeline, we have determined the phenotypic signature of 67 EAPs throughout the maturation process of CCPs. Based on these data, we show that EAPs can be partitioned into phenotypic clusters, which differentially affect CCP maturation and dynamics. Importantly, these clusters do not correlate with functional modules based on biochemical activities. Furthermore, we discover a critical role for SNARE proteins and their adaptors during early stages of CCP nucleation and stabilization and highlight the importance of GAK throughout CCP maturation that is consistent with GAK's multifunctional domain architecture. Together, these findings provide systematic, mechanistic insights into the plasticity and robustness of CME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhura Bhave
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Rosa E Mino
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Jeon Lee
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Heather M Grossman
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Ashley M Lakoduk
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Gaudenz Danuser
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Sandra L Schmid
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390;
| | - Marcel Mettlen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390;
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37
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Methods for Studying Endocytotic Pathways of Herpesvirus Encoded G Protein-Coupled Receptors. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235710. [PMID: 33287269 PMCID: PMC7730005 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis is a fundamental process involved in trafficking of various extracellular and transmembrane molecules from the cell surface to its interior. This enables cells to communicate and respond to external environments, maintain cellular homeostasis, and transduce signals. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute a family of receptors with seven transmembrane alpha-helical domains (7TM receptors) expressed at the cell surface, where they regulate physiological and pathological cellular processes. Several herpesviruses encode receptors (vGPCRs) which benefits the virus by avoiding host immune surveillance, supporting viral dissemination, and thereby establishing widespread and lifelong infection, processes where receptor signaling and/or endocytosis seem central. vGPCRs are rising as potential drug targets as exemplified by the cytomegalovirus-encoded receptor US28, where its constitutive internalization has been exploited for selective drug delivery in virus infected cells. Therefore, studying GPCR trafficking is of great importance. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of endocytic and cell localization properties of vGPCRs and methodological approaches used for studying receptor internalization. Using such novel approaches, we show constitutive internalization of the BILF1 receptor from human and porcine γ-1 herpesviruses and present motifs from the eukaryotic linear motif (ELM) resources with importance for vGPCR endocytosis.
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38
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Chen Z, Schmid SL. Evolving models for assembling and shaping clathrin-coated pits. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:e202005126. [PMID: 32770195 PMCID: PMC7480099 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202005126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis occurs via the assembly of clathrin-coated pits (CCPs) that invaginate and pinch off to form clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs). It is well known that adaptor protein 2 (AP2) complexes trigger clathrin assembly on the plasma membrane, and biochemical and structural studies have revealed the nature of these interactions. Numerous endocytic accessory proteins collaborate with clathrin and AP2 to drive CCV formation. However, many questions remain as to the molecular events involved in CCP initiation, stabilization, and curvature generation. Indeed, a plethora of recent evidence derived from cell perturbation, correlative light and EM tomography, live-cell imaging, modeling, and high-resolution structural analyses has revealed more complexity and promiscuity in the protein interactions driving CCP maturation than anticipated. After briefly reviewing the evidence supporting prevailing models, we integrate these new lines of evidence to develop a more dynamic and flexible model for how redundant, dynamic, and competing protein interactions can drive endocytic CCV formation and suggest new approaches to test emerging models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra L. Schmid
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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39
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Ren N, Tian Z, Sun H, Lu X. Dynamin 2 Is Correlated with Recurrence and Poor Prognosis of Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e924590. [PMID: 32827429 PMCID: PMC7461653 DOI: 10.12659/msm.924590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common histological type of thyroid cancer. Most PTC patients have favorable outcomes, but 10% of patients still have distant metastases at presentation or during follow-up. Dynamin 2 (DNM2) is the only DNM ubiquitously expressed in human tissues, but its expression and clinical significance in PTC is still unknown. Material/Methods In our study, we investigated the expression of DNM2 in 112 cases of PTC and classified the patients into low and high expression of DNM2. The clinical significance of DNM2 was evaluated by assessing its correlation with the clinicopathological parameters with the chi-square method. The correlations between DNM2 expression and the disease-free survival rate or overall survival rate were assessed with the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. The independent prognostic factors of PTC were determined by the Cox-regression hazard model. Results Patients with low and high DNM2 expression accounted for 75% and 25% respectively in the 112 patients with PTC. High DNM2 expression was significantly associated with recurrence (P=0.014) and poor prognosis (P=0.004). In addition to tumor stage, DNM2 expression was an independent prognostic biomarker of PTC, indicating an unfavorable prognosis. Conclusions DNM2 was an independent PTC biomarker indicating more likely recurrence and poorer prognosis. Detecting DNM2 expression may help to select the high-risk patients for adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ren
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, YIDU Central Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Zhenmin Tian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, YIDU Central Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Hongmei Sun
- Department of General Surgery, YIDU Central Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaofei Lu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
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40
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Mino RE, Chen Z, Mettlen M, Schmid SL. An internally eGFP-tagged α-adaptin is a fully functional and improved fiduciary marker for clathrin-coated pit dynamics. Traffic 2020; 21:603-616. [PMID: 32657003 PMCID: PMC7495412 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Clathrin mediated endocytosis (CME) has been extensively studied in living cells by quantitative total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM). Fluorescent protein fusions to subunits of the major coat proteins, clathrin light chains or the heterotetrameric adaptor protein (AP2) complexes, have been used as fiduciary markers of clathrin coated pits (CCPs). However, the functionality of these fusion proteins has not been rigorously compared. Here, we generated stable cells lines overexpressing mRuby‐CLCa and/or μ2‐eGFP, σ2‐eGFP, two markers currently in use, or a novel marker generated by inserting eGFP into the unstructured hinge region of the α subunit (α‐eGFP). Using biochemical and TIRFM‐based assays, we compared the functionality of the AP2 markers. All of the eGFP‐tagged subunits were efficiently incorporated into AP2 and displayed greater accuracy in image‐based CCP analyses than mRuby‐CLCa. However, overexpression of either μ2‐eGFP or σ2‐eGFP impaired transferrin receptor uptake. In addition, μ2‐eGFP reduced the rates of CCP initiation and σ2‐eGFP perturbed AP2 incorporation into CCPs and CCP maturation. In contrast, CME and CCP dynamics were unperturbed in cells overexpressing α‐eGFP. Moreover, α‐eGFP was a more sensitive and accurate marker of CCP dynamics than mRuby‐CLCa. Thus, our work establishes α‐eGFP as a robust, fully functional marker for CME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa E Mino
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Zhiming Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Marcel Mettlen
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sandra L Schmid
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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41
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Lakoduk AM, Kadlecova Z, Schmid SL. A functionally neutral single chain antibody to measure beta-1 integrin uptake and recycling. Traffic 2020; 21:590-602. [PMID: 32613646 PMCID: PMC7442622 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Integrin‐mediated cell adhesion and signaling are critical for many physiological processes. The dynamic turnover of integrins and their associated adhesion complexes through endocytic and recycling pathways has emerged as an important mechanism for controlling cell migration and invasion in cancer. Thus, the regulation of integrin trafficking and how this may be altered by disease‐specific molecular mechanisms has generated considerable interest. However, current tools available to study integrin trafficking may cause artifacts and/or do not provide adequate kinetic information. Here, we report the generation of a functionally neutral and monovalent single chain antibody to quantitatively and qualitatively measure β1 integrin trafficking in cells. Our novel probe can be used in a variety of assays and allows for the biochemical characterization of rapid recycling of endogenous integrins. We also demonstrate its potential utility in live cell imaging, providing proof of principle to guide future integrin probe design. The dynamic turnover of integrins through endocytic trafficking pathways has emerged as a key mechanism for cell migration and invasion. Lakoduk et al. report the generation of a functionally neutral and monovalent antibody‐based probe to track and measure endogenous beta‐1 integrin uptake and fast recycling in multiple cell types. Their tool, scFvK20, serves as proof of principle inspiration for future integrin probe design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Lakoduk
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Zuzana Kadlecova
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sandra L Schmid
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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42
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Casamento A, Boucrot E. Molecular mechanism of Fast Endophilin-Mediated Endocytosis. Biochem J 2020; 477:2327-2345. [PMID: 32589750 PMCID: PMC7319585 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endocytosis mediates the cellular uptake of micronutrients and cell surface proteins. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is the housekeeping pathway in resting cells but additional Clathrin-independent endocytic (CIE) routes, including Fast Endophilin-Mediated Endocytosis (FEME), internalize specific cargoes and support diverse cellular functions. FEME is part of the Dynamin-dependent subgroup of CIE pathways. Here, we review our current understanding of the molecular mechanism of FEME. Key steps are: (i) priming, (ii) cargo selection, (iii) membrane curvature and carrier formation, (iv) membrane scission and (v) cytosolic transport. All steps are controlled by regulatory mechanisms mediated by phosphoinositides and by kinases such as Src, LRRK2, Cdk5 and GSK3β. A key feature of FEME is that it is not constitutively active but triggered upon the stimulation of selected cell surface receptors by their ligands. In resting cells, there is a priming cycle that concentrates Endophilin into clusters on discrete locations of the plasma membrane. In the absence of receptor activation, the patches quickly abort and new cycles are initiated nearby, constantly priming the plasma membrane for FEME. Upon activation, receptors are swiftly sorted into pre-existing Endophilin clusters, which then bud to form FEME carriers within 10 s. We summarize the hallmarks of FEME and the techniques and assays required to identify it. Next, we review similarities and differences with other CIE pathways and proposed cargoes that may use FEME to enter cells. Finally, we submit pending questions and future milestones and discuss the exciting perspectives that targeting FEME may boost treatments against cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Casamento
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Emmanuel Boucrot
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, U.K
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43
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Bhave M, Mettlen M, Wang X, Schmid SL. Early and nonredundant functions of dynamin isoforms in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:2035-2047. [PMID: 32579424 PMCID: PMC7543069 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-06-0363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamin GTPases (Dyn1 and Dyn2) are indispensable proteins of the core clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) machinery. Best known for their role in fission at the late stages of CME, many studies have suggested that dynamin also plays a regulatory role during the early stages of CME; however, detailed studies regarding isoform-specific early regulatory functions of the dynamins are lacking. With a recent understanding of the regulation of Dyn1 in nonneuronal cells and improved algorithms for highly sensitive and quantitative analysis of clathrin-coated pit (CCP) dynamics, we have evaluated the differential functions of dynamin isoforms in CME using domain swap chimeras. We report that Dyn1 and Dyn2 play nonredundant, early regulatory roles during CME in nonneuronal cells. The proline/arginine-rich domain of Dyn2 is important for its targeting to nascent and growing CCPs, whereas the membrane-binding and curvature-generating pleckstrin homology domain of Dyn1 plays an important role in stabilizing nascent CCPs. We confirm the enhanced ability of dephosphorylated Dyn1 to support CME, even at substoichiometric levels compared with Dyn2. Domain swap chimeras also revealed previously unknown functional differences in the GTPase and stalk domains. Our study significantly extends the current understanding of the regulatory roles played by dynamin isoforms during early stages of CME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhura Bhave
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, TX 75390
| | - Marcel Mettlen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, TX 75390
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, TX 75390.,Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, TX 75390
| | - Sandra L Schmid
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, TX 75390
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44
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Yudushkin I. Control of Akt activity and substrate phosphorylation in cells. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:1115-1125. [PMID: 32125765 PMCID: PMC7317883 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase B/Akt is a serine/threonine kinase that links receptors coupled to the PI3K lipid kinase to cellular anabolic pathways. Its activity in cells is controlled by reversible phosphorylation and an intramolecular lipid-controlled allosteric switch. In this review, I outline the current progress in understanding Akt regulatory mechanisms, define three models of Akt activation in cells, and highlight how intramolecular allosterism cooperates with cell-autonomous mechanisms to control Akt localization and activity and direct it toward specific sets of substrates in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Yudushkin
- Department of Structural and Computational BiologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
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45
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Wang X, Chen Z, Mettlen M, Noh J, Schmid SL, Danuser G. DASC, a sensitive classifier for measuring discrete early stages in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. eLife 2020; 9:53686. [PMID: 32352376 PMCID: PMC7192580 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) in mammalian cells is driven by resilient machinery that includes >70 endocytic accessory proteins (EAP). Accordingly, perturbation of individual EAPs often results in minor effects on biochemical measurements of CME, thus providing inconclusive/misleading information regarding EAP function. Live-cell imaging can detect earlier roles of EAPs preceding cargo internalization; however, this approach has been limited because unambiguously distinguishing abortive coats (ACs) from bona fide clathrin-coated pits (CCPs) is required but unaccomplished. Here, we develop a thermodynamics-inspired method, “disassembly asymmetry score classification (DASC)”, that resolves ACs from CCPs based on single channel fluorescent movies. After extensive verification, we use DASC-resolved ACs and CCPs to quantify CME progression in 11 EAP knockdown conditions. We show that DASC is a sensitive detector of phenotypic variation in CCP dynamics that is uncorrelated to the variation in biochemical measurements of CME. Thus, DASC is an essential tool for uncovering EAP function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Wang
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Zhiming Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Marcel Mettlen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Jungsik Noh
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Sandra L Schmid
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Gaudenz Danuser
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
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46
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Integrin linked kinase regulates endosomal recycling of N-cadherin in melanoma cells. Cell Signal 2020; 72:109642. [PMID: 32305668 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Malignant transformation is characterized by a phenotype "switch" from E- to N-cadherin - a major hallmark of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). The increased expression of N-cadherin is commonly followed by a growing capacity for migration as well as resistance to apoptosis. Integrin Linked Kinase (ILK) is a key molecule involved in EMT and progression of cancer cells. ILK is known as a major signaling mediator involved in cadherin switch, but the specific mechanism through which ILK modulates N-cadherin expression is still not clear. Studies were carried out on human melanoma WM793 and 1205Lu cell lines. Expression of proteins was analyzed using PCR and Western Blot; siRNA transfection was done for ILK. Analysis of cell signaling pathways was monitored with phospho-specific antibodies. Subcellular localization of protein was studied using the ProteoExtract Subcellular Kit and Western blot analysis. Our data show that ILK knockdown by siRNA did suppress N-cadherin expression in melanoma, but only at the protein level. The ILK silencing-induced decrease of N-cadherin membranous expression in melanoma highlights the likely crucial role of ILK in the coordination of membrane trafficking through alteration of Rab expression. It is essential to understand the molecular mechanism of increased N-cadherin expression in cancer to possibly use it in the search of new therapeutic targets.
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47
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Diling C, Yinrui G, Longkai Q, Xiaocui T, Yadi L, Xin Y, Guoyan H, Ou S, Tianqiao Y, Dongdong W, Yizhen X, Yang BB, Qingping W. Circular RNA NF1-419 enhances autophagy to ameliorate senile dementia by binding Dynamin-1 and Adaptor protein 2 B1 in AD-like mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:12002-12031. [PMID: 31860870 PMCID: PMC6949063 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated circular RNAs (circRNAs) to be widely expressed and to have important physiological functions. However, the expression, regulation, and function of circRNAs in neuroglial cells are unknown. Herein, we characterized the expression, regulation, and function of circRNAs in astrocytes. Astrocyte circRNAs were identified by computational analysis of newborn SD rat primary astrocytes cultured with 20 g/L D-galactose. In this manner, 7376 circRNAs were identified, among which most circRNAs (5754) were derived from annot_exons, whereas 27 were antisense, 853 were exon/intron, 329 were intergenic, 41 were intronic, and 372 were one exon. Among these, circNF1-419 was demonstrated to regulate autophagy, in over-expressing circNF1-419 transfected astrocytes, through the PI3K-I/Akt-AMPK-mTOR and PI3K-I/Akt-mTOR signaling pathways. An adenovirus associated virus packaging system (virus titer 1 ×1012), over-expressing circNF1-419 and injected into mouse cerebral cortex, showed autophagy enhancing activity by binding the proteins Dynamin-1 and Adaptor protein 2 B1 (AP2B1). This binding regulated aging markers (p21, p35/25, and p16) and inflammatory factors (TNF-α and NF-κB), and reduced the expression of Alzheimer’s disease marker proteins (Tau, p-Tau, Aβ1-42, and APOE), which delayed senile dementia. Transcriptome analysis of the brain showed that circNF1-419 improved other signaling pathways, especially those related to the synapses of SAMP8 mice. These findings provide novel insights into circNF1-419 and its potential usefulness for the diagnosis and treatment of dementia by regulating Dynamin-1 and AP2B1 mediated autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Diling
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Guo Yinrui
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Qi Longkai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Tang Xiaocui
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Liu Yadi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China.,Research and Development Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yang Xin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510700, China
| | - Hu Guoyan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510700, China
| | - Shuai Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Yong Tianqiao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Wang Dongdong
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Xie Yizhen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Burton B Yang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Wu Qingping
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
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48
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Fan L, Qiu XX, Zhu ZY, Lv JL, Lu J, Mao F, Zhu J, Wang JY, Guan XW, Chen J, Ren J, Ye JM, Zhao YH, Li J, Shen X. Nitazoxanide, an anti-parasitic drug, efficiently ameliorates learning and memory impairments in AD model mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:1279-1291. [PMID: 31000769 PMCID: PMC6786387 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0220-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by both accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaque and formation of neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Recent evidence shows that autophagy activation may potently promote intracellular Aβ clearance. Thus targeting autophagy becomes a promising strategy for discovery of drug leads against AD. In the present study, we established a platform to discover autophagy stimulator and screened the lab in-house FDA-approved drug library. We found that anti-parasitic drug nitazoxanide (NTZ) was an autophagy activator and could efficiently improve learning and memory impairments in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. In BV2 cells and primary cortical astrocytes, NTZ stimulated autophagy and promoted Aβ clearance by inhibiting both PI3K/AKT/mTOR/ULK1 and NQO1/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathways; NTZ treatment attenuated LPS-induced inflammation by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/IκB/NFκB signaling. In SH-SY5Y cells and primary cortical neurons, NTZ treatment restrained tau hyperphosphorylation through inhibition of PI3K/AKT/GSK3β pathway. The beneficial effects and related signaling mechanisms from the in vitro studies were also observed in APP/PS1 transgenic mice following administration of NTZ (90 mg·kg-1·d-1, ig) for 100 days. Furthermore, NTZ administration decreased Aβ level and senile plaque formation in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of APP/PS1 transgenic mice, and improved learning and memory impairments in Morris water maze assay. In conclusion, our results highlight the potential of NTZ in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fan
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Qiu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Zhu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian-Lu Lv
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jian Lu
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Fei Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jia-Ying Wang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Guan
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jin Ren
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ji-Ming Ye
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, PO Box 71, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Yong-Hua Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jian Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Xu Shen
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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49
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Sugiyama MG, Fairn GD, Antonescu CN. Akt-ing Up Just About Everywhere: Compartment-Specific Akt Activation and Function in Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:70. [PMID: 31131274 PMCID: PMC6509475 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase Akt is a master regulator of many diverse cellular functions, including survival, growth, metabolism, migration, and differentiation. Receptor tyrosine kinases are critical regulators of Akt, as a result of activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) signaling leading to Akt activation upon receptor stimulation. The signaling axis formed by receptor tyrosine kinases, PI3K and Akt, as well as the vast range of downstream substrates is thus central to control of cell physiology in many different contexts and tissues. This axis must be tightly regulated, as disruption of PI3K-Akt signaling underlies the pathology of many diseases such as cancer and diabetes. This sophisticated regulation of PI3K-Akt signaling is due in part to the spatial and temporal compartmentalization of Akt activation and function, including in specific nanoscale domains of the plasma membrane as well as in specific intracellular membrane compartments. Here, we review the evidence for localized activation of PI3K-Akt signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases in various specific cellular compartments, as well as that of compartment-specific functions of Akt leading to control of several fundamental cellular processes. This spatial and temporal control of Akt activation and function occurs by a large number of parallel molecular mechanisms that are central to regulation of cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory D. Fairn
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Costin N. Antonescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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50
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Lakoduk AM, Roudot P, Mettlen M, Grossman HM, Schmid SL, Chen PH. Mutant p53 amplifies a dynamin-1/APPL1 endosome feedback loop that regulates recycling and migration. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:1928-1942. [PMID: 31043431 PMCID: PMC6548126 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201810183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Feedback loops arising from crosstalk between early endocytic trafficking and receptor signaling can be co-opted or amplified in cancer cells to enhance their metastatic abilities. Lakoduk et al. reveal that mutant p53 upregulates dynamin-1 expression and recruitment of the APPL1 signaling scaffold to a spatially localized subpopulation of endosomes to increase receptor recycling and cell migration. Multiple mechanisms contribute to cancer cell progression and metastatic activity, including changes in endocytic trafficking and signaling of cell surface receptors downstream of gain-of-function (GOF) mutant p53. We report that dynamin-1 (Dyn1) is up-regulated at both the mRNA and protein levels in a manner dependent on expression of GOF mutant p53. Dyn1 is required for the recruitment and accumulation of the signaling scaffold, APPL1, to a spatially localized subpopulation of endosomes at the cell perimeter. We developed new tools to quantify peripherally localized early endosomes and measure the rapid recycling of integrins. We report that these perimeter APPL1 endosomes modulate Akt signaling and activate Dyn1 to create a positive feedback loop required for rapid recycling of EGFR and β1 integrins, increased focal adhesion turnover, and cell migration. Thus, Dyn1- and Akt-dependent perimeter APPL1 endosomes function as a nexus that integrates signaling and receptor trafficking, which can be co-opted and amplified in mutant p53–driven cancer cells to increase migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Lakoduk
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX
| | - Philippe Roudot
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX
| | - Marcel Mettlen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX
| | - Heather M Grossman
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX.,Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX
| | - Sandra L Schmid
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX
| | - Ping-Hung Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX
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