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Yazicioglu YF, Mitchell RJ, Clarke AJ. Mitochondrial control of lymphocyte homeostasis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 161-162:42-53. [PMID: 38608498 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a multitude of essential roles within mammalian cells, and understanding how they control immunity is an emerging area of study. Lymphocytes, as integral cellular components of the adaptive immune system, rely on mitochondria for their function, and mitochondria can dynamically instruct their differentiation and activation by undergoing rapid and profound remodelling. Energy homeostasis and ATP production are often considered the primary functions of mitochondria in immune cells; however, their importance extends across a spectrum of other molecular processes, including regulation of redox balance, signalling pathways, and biosynthesis. In this review, we explore the dynamic landscape of mitochondrial homeostasis in T and B cells, and discuss how mitochondrial disorders compromise adaptive immunity.
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2
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Guo Z. The role of glucagon-like peptide-1/GLP-1R and autophagy in diabetic cardiovascular disease. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:754-779. [PMID: 38890260 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-024-00609-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes leads to a significantly accelerated incidence of various related macrovascular complications, including peripheral vascular disease and cardiovascular disease (the most common cause of mortality in diabetes), as well as microvascular complications such as kidney disease and retinopathy. Endothelial dysfunction is the main pathogenic event of diabetes-related vascular disease at the earliest stage of vascular injury. Understanding the molecular processes involved in the development of diabetes and its debilitating vascular complications might bring up more effective and specific clinical therapies. Long-acting glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 analogs are currently available in treating diabetes with widely established safety and extensively evaluated efficacy. In recent years, autophagy, as a critical lysosome-dependent self-degradative process to maintain homeostasis, has been shown to be involved in the vascular endothelium damage in diabetes. In this review, the GLP-1/GLP-1R system implicated in diabetic endothelial dysfunction and related autophagy mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications are briefly presented. This review also highlights a possible crosstalk between autophagy and the GLP-1/GLP-1R axis in the treatment of diabetic angiopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Guo
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
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3
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Villa M, Sanin DE, Apostolova P, Corrado M, Kabat AM, Cristinzio C, Regina A, Carrizo GE, Rana N, Stanczak MA, Baixauli F, Grzes KM, Cupovic J, Solagna F, Hackl A, Globig AM, Hässler F, Puleston DJ, Kelly B, Cabezas-Wallscheid N, Hasselblatt P, Bengsch B, Zeiser R, Sagar, Buescher JM, Pearce EJ, Pearce EL. Prostaglandin E 2 controls the metabolic adaptation of T cells to the intestinal microenvironment. Nat Commun 2024; 15:451. [PMID: 38200005 PMCID: PMC10781727 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44689-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune cells must adapt to different environments during the course of an immune response. Here we study the adaptation of CD8+ T cells to the intestinal microenvironment and how this process shapes the establishment of the CD8+ T cell pool. CD8+ T cells progressively remodel their transcriptome and surface phenotype as they enter the gut wall, and downregulate expression of mitochondrial genes. Human and mouse intestinal CD8+ T cells have reduced mitochondrial mass, but maintain a viable energy balance to sustain their function. We find that the intestinal microenvironment is rich in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which drives mitochondrial depolarization in CD8+ T cells. Consequently, these cells engage autophagy to clear depolarized mitochondria, and enhance glutathione synthesis to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) that result from mitochondrial depolarization. Impairing PGE2 sensing promotes CD8+ T cell accumulation in the gut, while tampering with autophagy and glutathione negatively impacts the T cell pool. Thus, a PGE2-autophagy-glutathione axis defines the metabolic adaptation of CD8+ T cells to the intestinal microenvironment, to ultimately influence the T cell pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Villa
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany.
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036, Graz, Austria.
| | - David E Sanin
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute of Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Petya Apostolova
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute of Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine I (Hematology and Oncology), University Medical Center Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mauro Corrado
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Agnieszka M Kabat
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute of Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carmine Cristinzio
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Annamaria Regina
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34128, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gustavo E Carrizo
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nisha Rana
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michal A Stanczak
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Francesc Baixauli
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katarzyna M Grzes
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jovana Cupovic
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Francesca Solagna
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Hackl
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Globig
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Hässler
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel J Puleston
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Beth Kelly
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Peter Hasselblatt
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bertram Bengsch
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Medicine I (Hematology and Oncology), University Medical Center Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sagar
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Joerg M Buescher
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Edward J Pearce
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute of Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erika L Pearce
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany.
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute of Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, Freiburg, Germany.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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4
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Nieto-Torres JL, Zaretski S, Liu T, Adams PD, Hansen M. Post-translational modifications of ATG8 proteins - an emerging mechanism of autophagy control. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs259725. [PMID: 37589340 PMCID: PMC10445744 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a recycling mechanism involved in cellular homeostasis with key implications for health and disease. The conjugation of the ATG8 family proteins, which includes LC3B (also known as MAP1LC3B), to autophagosome membranes, constitutes a hallmark of the canonical autophagy process. After ATG8 proteins are conjugated to the autophagosome membranes via lipidation, they orchestrate a plethora of protein-protein interactions that support key steps of the autophagy process. These include binding to cargo receptors to allow cargo recruitment, association with proteins implicated in autophagosome transport and autophagosome-lysosome fusion. How these diverse and critical protein-protein interactions are regulated is still not well understood. Recent reports have highlighted crucial roles for post-translational modifications of ATG8 proteins in the regulation of ATG8 functions and the autophagy process. This Review summarizes the main post-translational regulatory events discovered to date to influence the autophagy process, mostly described in mammalian cells, including ubiquitylation, acetylation, lipidation and phosphorylation, as well as their known contributions to the autophagy process, physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L. Nieto-Torres
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Program of Development, Aging, and Regeneration, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Veterinary, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46113 Moncada, Spain
| | - Sviatlana Zaretski
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Program of Development, Aging, and Regeneration, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tianhui Liu
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Program of Development, Aging, and Regeneration, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Peter D. Adams
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Program of Development, Aging, and Regeneration, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Malene Hansen
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Program of Development, Aging, and Regeneration, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- The Buck Institute for Aging Research, Novato, CA 94945, USA
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5
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Terrén I, Sandá V, Amarilla-Irusta A, Lopez-Pardo A, Sevilla A, Astarloa-Pando G, Amo L, Zenarruzabeitia O, Scorrano L, Borrego F. IL-12/15/18-induced cell death and mitochondrial dynamics of human NK cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1211839. [PMID: 37575238 PMCID: PMC10413107 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1211839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes with potent antitumor functions and, consequently, several NK cell-based strategies have been developed for cancer immunotherapy. A remarkable therapeutic approach is the adoptive transfer of NK cells stimulated with IL-12, IL-15 and IL-18. This cytokine stimulation endows NK cells with properties that resemble immunological memory and, for this reason, they are known as cytokine-induced memory-like (CIML) NK cells. Very promising results have been reported in clinical trials and yet, there are still unknown aspects of CIML NK cells. Here, we have conducted a preliminary study of their mitochondrial dynamics. Our results show that upon IL-12/15/18 stimulation the viability of NK cells decreased and an increment in mitochondrial superoxide levels was observed. In addition, we found that mitochondria appeared slightly elongated and their cristae density decreased following IL-12/15/18 stimulation, possibly in a process mediated by the low levels of optic atrophy type 1 (OPA1) protein. Interestingly, although mitophagy was slightly impaired, an increase in autophagic flux was observed, which might explain the reduced viability and the accumulation of unfit mitochondria. Our findings could be of relevance in order to design new strategies intended to improve the mitochondrial fitness of IL-12/15/18-stimulated NK cells with the aim of improving their therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo Terrén
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Víctor Sandá
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | | | - Ainara Lopez-Pardo
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Arrate Sevilla
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | | | - Laura Amo
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Olatz Zenarruzabeitia
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Francisco Borrego
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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6
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Mei X, Lei Y, Ouyang L, Zhao M, Lu Q. Deficiency of Pink1 promotes the differentiation of Th1 cells. Mol Immunol 2023; 160:23-31. [PMID: 37331031 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have found that Pink1 is crucial for T cell activation and the function of Treg cells. However, the effect of Pink1 on inflammatory Th1 cells is largely unknown. In the process of Th1 differentiation from human naïve T cells, we found a reduction of Pink1 and Parkin. We then focused our attention on the Pink1 KO mice. Although there was no difference in the baseline of the T cell subset of Pink1 KO mice, Th1 differentiation from Pink1 KO naïve T cells in vitro showed a significant increase. Subsequently, we transferred naïve CD4+ T cells into Rag2 KO mice to establish a T-cell colitis mouse model and found that CD4+ T cells in mesentery lymph nodes of mice receiving Pink1 KO cells increased significantly, especially Th1 cells. Intestinal IHC staining also showed that the transcription factor T-bet of Th1 increased. Treatment of CD4+ T cells from lupus-like mice with mitophagy agonist urolithin A, a reduction of Th1 cells was observed, suggesting the clinical value of using mitophagy agonists to suppress Th1-dominated disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaole Mei
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immunological Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Dermatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lianlian Ouyang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immunological Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Dermatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immunological Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Dermatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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7
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Villa M, Sanin DE, Apostolova P, Corrado M, Kabat AM, Cristinzio C, Regina A, Carrizo GE, Rana N, Stanczak MA, Baixauli F, Grzes KM, Cupovic J, Solagna F, Hackl A, Globig AM, Hässler F, Puleston DJ, Kelly B, Cabezas-Wallscheid N, Hasselblatt P, Bengsch B, Zeiser R, Sagar, Buescher JM, Pearce EJ, Pearce EL. Prostaglandin E 2 controls the metabolic adaptation of T cells to the intestinal microenvironment. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.13.532431. [PMID: 36993703 PMCID: PMC10054978 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.13.532431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Immune cells must adapt to different environments during the course of an immune response. We studied the adaptation of CD8 + T cells to the intestinal microenvironment and how this process shapes their residency in the gut. CD8 + T cells progressively remodel their transcriptome and surface phenotype as they acquire gut residency, and downregulate expression of mitochondrial genes. Human and mouse gut-resident CD8 + T cells have reduced mitochondrial mass, but maintain a viable energy balance to sustain their function. We found that the intestinal microenvironment is rich in prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ), which drives mitochondrial depolarization in CD8 + T cells. Consequently, these cells engage autophagy to clear depolarized mitochondria, and enhance glutathione synthesis to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) that result from mitochondrial depolarization. Impairing PGE 2 sensing promotes CD8 + T cell accumulation in the gut, while tampering with autophagy and glutathione negatively impacts the T cell population. Thus, a PGE 2 -autophagy-glutathione axis defines the metabolic adaptation of CD8 + T cells to the intestinal microenvironment, to ultimately influence the T cell pool.
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8
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Li B, Wang J, Liao J, Wu M, Yuan X, Fang H, Shen L, Jiang M. YY1 promotes pancreatic cancer cell proliferation by enhancing mitochondrial respiration. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:287. [PMID: 36123703 PMCID: PMC9484254 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02712-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
KRAS-driven metabolic reprogramming is a known peculiarity features of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. However, the metabolic roles of other oncogenic genes, such as YY1, in PDAC development are still unclear. In this study, we observed significantly elevated expression of YY1 in human PDAC tissues, which positively correlated with a poor disease progression. Furthermore, in vitro studies confirmed that YY1 deletion inhibited PDAC cell proliferation and tumorigenicity. Moreover, YY1 deletion led to impaired mitochondrial RNA expression, which further inhibited mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex assembly and altered cellular nucleotide homeostasis. Mechanistically, the impairment of mitochondrial OXPHOS function reduced the generation of aspartate, an output of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), and resulted in the inhibition of cell proliferation owing to unavailability of aspartate-associated nucleotides. Conversely, exogenous supplementation with aspartate fully restored PDAC cell proliferation. Our findings suggest that YY1 promotes PDAC cell proliferation by enhancing mitochondrial respiration and the TCA, which favors aspartate-associated nucleotide synthesis. Thus, targeting nucleotide biosynthesis is a promising strategy for PDAC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Examination, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Jing Liao
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics; College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Minghui Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangshu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics; College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Hezhi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics; College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Lijun Shen
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Minghua Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.
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9
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Song J, Yi X, Gao R, Sun L, Wu Z, Zhang S, Huang L, Han C, Ma J. Impact of Drp1-Mediated Mitochondrial Dynamics on T Cell Immune Modulation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:873834. [PMID: 35432303 PMCID: PMC9008543 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.873834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, various breakthroughs have been made in tumor immunotherapy that have contributed to prolonging the survival of tumor patients. However, only a subset of patients respond to immunotherapy, which limits its use. One reason for this is that the tumor microenvironment (TME) hinders the migration and infiltration of T cells and affects their continuous functioning, resulting in an exhausted phenotype. Therefore, clarifying the mechanism by which T cells become exhausted is of significance for improving the efficacy of immunotherapy. Several recent studies have shown that mitochondrial dynamics play an important role in the immune surveillance function of T cells. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is a key protein that mediates mitochondrial fission and maintains the mitochondrial dynamic network. Drp1 regulates various activities of T cells in vivo by mediating the activation of a series of pathways. In addition, abnormal mitochondrial dynamics were observed in exhausted T cells in the TME. As a potential target for immunotherapy, in this review, we describe in detail how Drp1 regulates various physiological functions of T cells and induces changes in mitochondrial dynamics in the TME, providing a theoretical basis for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Song
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaofang Yi
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruolin Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhixuan Wu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuling Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Letian Huang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chengbo Han
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jietao Ma
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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10
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Abstract
Vaccination affords protection from disease by activating pathogen-specific immune cells and facilitating the development of persistent immunologic memory toward the vaccine-specific pathogen. Current vaccine regimens are often based on the efficiency of the acute immune response, and not necessarily on the generation of memory cells, in part because the mechanisms underlying the development of efficient immune memory remain incompletely understood. This Review describes recent advances in defining memory T cell metabolism and how metabolism of these cells might be altered in patients affected by mitochondrial diseases or metabolic syndrome, who show higher susceptibility to recurrent infections and higher rates of vaccine failure. It discusses how this new understanding could add to the way we think about immunologic memory, vaccine development, and cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Corrado
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Erika L. Pearce
- Department of Oncology, The Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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11
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Huang J, Xu X, Wang X, Yang J, Xue M, Yang Y, Zhang R, Yang X, Yang J. MicroRNA-590-3p inhibits T helper 17 cells and ameliorates inflammation in lupus mice. Immunology 2021; 165:260-273. [PMID: 34775599 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
T helper 17 (Th17) cells have a pathogenic effect in many autoimmune diseases. Inhibition of Th17 cells can alleviate the inflammatory damage in autoimmune diseases. Our previous study found that microRNA-590-3p (miR-590-3p) was involved in the differentiation of Th17 cells in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Here, we demonstrated that an increase in Th17 cells was correlated with low expression of miR-590-3p in patients with SLE and in lupus mice. Upregulation of miR-590-3p reduced the differentiation and promoted apoptosis of Th17 cells. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that miR-590-3p promoted apoptosis in Th17 cells by inhibiting autophagy. Autophagy-related 7 (Atg7) was the direct target of miR-590-3p that blocked the autophagy pathway. Finally, treatment of MRL/lpr mice with miR-590-3p agomir ameliorated lupus nephritis and skin lesions. Our work revealed that miR-590-3p inhibited Th17 cells by suppressing autophagy and that increased miR-590-3p expression was able to ameliorate the clinical symptoms of lupus. Therefore, miR-590-3p may be a promising therapeutic target for SLE and other Th17 cell-dependent autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinzhi Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuyuan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Blood Engineering Lab, Shanghai Blood Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Meijuan Xue
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Yang
- Blood Engineering Lab, Shanghai Blood Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruomei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Yang Y, Liangjian K, Li L, Yongjian W, Zhong B, Huang X. Distinct mitochondria-mediated T cells apoptosis responses in children and adults with COVID-19. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:1333-1344. [PMID: 34374752 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphopenia is a key feature for adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), while it is rarely observed in children. The underlying mechanism remains unclear. METHODS Immunohistochemical and flow cytometric analyses were used to compare the apoptotic rate of T cells from COVID-19 adults and children and apoptotic responses of adult and child T cells to COVID-19 pooled plasma. Biological properties of caspases and reactive oxygen species were assessed in T cells treated by COVID-19 pooled plasma. RESULTS Mitochondria apoptosis of peripheral T cells were identified in COVID-19 adult patient samples, but not in the children. Furthermore, increased TNF-α and IL-6 in COVID-19 plasma induced mitochondria apoptosis and caused DNA damage by elevating reactive oxygen species levels of the adult T cells. However, the child T cells showed tolerance to mitochondrial apoptosis due to mitochondria autophagy. Activation of autophagy could decrease apoptotic sensitivity of the adult T cells to plasma from COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway was activated in T cells of COVID-19 adult patients specifically, which may shed light on the pathophysiological difference between adults and children infected with SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Center for Infection and Immunity and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, China.,The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong Province, 511518, China
| | - Kuang Liangjian
- Center for Infection and Immunity and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, China
| | - Linhai Li
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong Province, 511518, China
| | - Wu Yongjian
- Center for Infection and Immunity and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, China.,The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong Province, 511518, China
| | - Bei Zhong
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong Province, 511518, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Center for Infection and Immunity and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, China.,The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong Province, 511518, China
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13
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Corrado M, Samardžić D, Giacomello M, Rana N, Pearce EL, Scorrano L. Deletion of the mitochondria-shaping protein Opa1 during early thymocyte maturation impacts mature memory T cell metabolism. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:2194-2206. [PMID: 33649469 PMCID: PMC8257785 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00747-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), a mitochondria-shaping protein controlling cristae biogenesis and respiration, is required for memory T cell function, but whether it affects intrathymic T cell development is unknown. Here we show that OPA1 is necessary for thymocyte maturation at the double negative (DN)3 stage when rearrangement of the T cell receptor β (Tcrβ) locus occurs. By profiling mitochondrial function at different stages of thymocyte maturation, we find that DN3 cells rely on oxidative phosphorylation. Consistently, Opa1 deletion during early T cell development impairs respiration of DN3 cells and reduces their number. Opa1-deficient DN3 cells indeed display stronger TCR signaling and are more prone to cell death. The surviving Opa1-/- thymocytes that reach the periphery as mature T cells display an effector memory phenotype even in the absence of antigenic stimulation but are unable to generate metabolically fit long-term memory T cells. Thus, mitochondrial defects early during T cell development affect mature T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Corrado
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy ,grid.429509.30000 0004 0491 4256Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Dijana Samardžić
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy ,grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marta Giacomello
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Nisha Rana
- grid.429509.30000 0004 0491 4256Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Erika L. Pearce
- grid.429509.30000 0004 0491 4256Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy ,grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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14
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Ovens AJ, Scott JW, Langendorf CG, Kemp BE, Oakhill JS, Smiles WJ. Post-Translational Modifications of the Energy Guardian AMP-Activated Protein Kinase. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031229. [PMID: 33513781 PMCID: PMC7866021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise elicits physiological metabolic perturbations such as energetic and oxidative stress; however, a diverse range of cellular processes are stimulated in response to combat these challenges and maintain cellular energy homeostasis. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a highly conserved enzyme that acts as a metabolic fuel sensor and is central to this adaptive response to exercise. The complexity of AMPK’s role in modulating a range of cellular signalling cascades is well documented, yet aside from its well-characterised regulation by activation loop phosphorylation, AMPK is further subject to a multitude of additional regulatory stimuli. Therefore, in this review we comprehensively outline current knowledge around the post-translational modifications of AMPK, including novel phosphorylation sites, as well as underappreciated roles for ubiquitination, sumoylation, acetylation, methylation and oxidation. We provide insight into the physiological ramifications of these AMPK modifications, which not only affect its activity, but also subcellular localisation, nutrient interactions and protein stability. Lastly, we highlight the current knowledge gaps in this area of AMPK research and provide perspectives on how the field can apply greater rigour to the characterisation of novel AMPK regulatory modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley J. Ovens
- Metabolic Signalling Laboratory, St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; (A.J.O.); (J.S.O.)
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC 3000, Australia; (J.W.S.); (B.E.K.)
| | - John W. Scott
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC 3000, Australia; (J.W.S.); (B.E.K.)
- Protein Chemistry & Metabolism, St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia;
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Christopher G. Langendorf
- Protein Chemistry & Metabolism, St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia;
| | - Bruce E. Kemp
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC 3000, Australia; (J.W.S.); (B.E.K.)
- Protein Chemistry & Metabolism, St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia;
| | - Jonathan S. Oakhill
- Metabolic Signalling Laboratory, St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; (A.J.O.); (J.S.O.)
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC 3000, Australia; (J.W.S.); (B.E.K.)
| | - William J. Smiles
- Metabolic Signalling Laboratory, St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; (A.J.O.); (J.S.O.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Corrado M, Edwards-Hicks J, Villa M, Flachsmann LJ, Sanin DE, Jacobs M, Baixauli F, Stanczak M, Anderson E, Azuma M, Quintana A, Curtis JD, Clapes T, Grzes KM, Kabat AM, Kyle R, Patterson AE, Geltink RK, Amulic B, Steward CG, Strathdee D, Trompouki E, O'Sullivan D, Pearce EJ, Pearce EL. Dynamic Cardiolipin Synthesis Is Required for CD8 + T Cell Immunity. Cell Metab 2020; 32:981-995.e7. [PMID: 33264603 PMCID: PMC7721104 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria constantly adapt to the metabolic needs of a cell. This mitochondrial plasticity is critical to T cells, which modulate metabolism depending on antigen-driven signals and environment. We show here that de novo synthesis of the mitochondrial membrane-specific lipid cardiolipin maintains CD8+ T cell function. T cells deficient for the cardiolipin-synthesizing enzyme PTPMT1 had reduced cardiolipin and responded poorly to antigen because basal cardiolipin levels were required for activation. However, neither de novo cardiolipin synthesis, nor its Tafazzin-dependent remodeling, was needed for T cell activation. In contrast, PTPMT1-dependent cardiolipin synthesis was vital when mitochondrial fitness was required, most notably during memory T cell differentiation or nutrient stress. We also found CD8+ T cell defects in a small cohort of patients with Barth syndrome, where TAFAZZIN is mutated, and in a Tafazzin-deficient mouse model. Thus, the dynamic regulation of a single mitochondrial lipid is crucial for CD8+ T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Corrado
- Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Joy Edwards-Hicks
- Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matteo Villa
- Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lea J Flachsmann
- Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - David E Sanin
- Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maaike Jacobs
- Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Francesc Baixauli
- Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michal Stanczak
- Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eve Anderson
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1 BD, UK
| | - Mai Azuma
- Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Quintana
- Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan D Curtis
- Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Clapes
- Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katarzyna M Grzes
- Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Agnieszka M Kabat
- Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ryan Kyle
- Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Annette E Patterson
- Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ramon Klein Geltink
- Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Borko Amulic
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Colin G Steward
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK
| | | | - Eirini Trompouki
- Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - David O'Sullivan
- Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Edward J Pearce
- Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79098 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Erika L Pearce
- Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany.
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16
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Piconese S, Campello S, Natalini A. Recirculation and Residency of T Cells and Tregs: Lessons Learnt in Anacapri. Front Immunol 2020; 11:682. [PMID: 32431695 PMCID: PMC7214633 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
"Location, location, and location": according to this mantra, the place where living beings settle has a key impact on the success of their activities; in turn, the living beings can, in many ways, modify their environment. This idea has now become more and more true for T cells. The ability of T cells to recirculate throughout blood or lymph, or to stably reside in certain tissues, turned out to determine immunity to pathogens, and tumors. If location matters also for human beings, the inspiring environment of Capri Island has contributed to the success of the EFIS-EJI Ruggero Ceppellini Advanced School of Immunology focused on "T cell memory," held in Anacapri from October 12, 2018 to October 15, 2018. In this minireview, we would like to highlight some novel concepts about T cell migration and residency and discuss their implications in relation to recent advances in the field, including the mechanisms regulating compartmentalization and cell cycle entry of T cells during activation, the role of mitochondrial metabolism in T cell movement, and the residency of regulatory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Piconese
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Internistiche, Anestesiologiche e Cardiovascolari, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Campello
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Ambra Natalini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare (DMM), Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
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17
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JNK1 and ERK1/2 modulate lymphocyte homeostasis via BIM and DRP1 upon AICD induction. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:2749-2767. [PMID: 32346136 PMCID: PMC7492225 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-0540-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The Activation-Induced Cell Death (AICD) is a stimulation-dependent form of apoptosis used by the organism to shutdown T-cell response once the source of inflammation has been eliminated, while allowing the generation of immune memory. AICD is thought to progress through the activation of the extrinsic Fas/FasL pathway of cell death, leading to cytochrome-C release through caspase-8 and Bid activation. We recently described that, early upon AICD induction, mitochondria undergo structural alterations, which are required to promote cytochrome-C release and execute cell death. Here, we found that such alterations do not depend on the Fas/FasL pathway, which is instead only lately activated to amplify the cell death cascade. Instead, such alterations are primarily dependent on the MAPK proteins JNK1 and ERK1/2, which, in turn, regulate the activity of the pro-fission protein Drp1 and the pro-apoptotic factor Bim. The latter regulates cristae disassembly and cooperate with Drp1 to mediate the Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Permeabilization (MOMP), leading to cytochrome-C release. Interestingly, we found that Bim is also downregulated in T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL) cells, this alteration favouring their escape from AICD-mediated control.
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18
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Voss K, Lake C, Luthers CR, Lott NM, Dorjbal B, Arjunaraja S, Bauman BM, Soltis AR, Sukumar G, Dalgard CL, Snow AL. FOXP3 protects conventional human T cells from premature restimulation-induced cell death. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 18:194-205. [PMID: 31659245 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0316-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The adaptive immune response relies on specific apoptotic programs to maintain homeostasis. Conventional effector T cell (Tcon) expansion is constrained by both forkhead box P3 (FOXP3)+-regulatory T cells (Tregs) and restimulation-induced cell death (RICD), a propriocidal apoptosis pathway triggered by repeated stimulation through the T-cell receptor (TCR). Constitutive FOXP3 expression protects Tregs from RICD by suppressing SLAM-associated protein (SAP), a key adaptor protein that amplifies TCR signaling strength. The role of transient FOXP3 induction in activated human CD4 and CD8 Tcons remains unresolved, but its expression is inversely correlated with acquired RICD sensitivity. Here, we describe a novel role for FOXP3 in protecting human Tcons from premature RICD during expansion. Unlike FOXP3-mediated protection from RICD in Tregs, FOXP3 protects Tcons through a distinct mechanism requiring de novo transcription that does not require SAP suppression. Transcriptome profiling and functional analyses of expanding Tcons revealed that FOXP3 enhances expression of the SLAM family receptor CD48, which in turn sustains basal autophagy and suppresses pro-apoptotic p53 signaling. Both CD48 and FOXP3 expression reduced p53 accumulation upon TCR restimulation. Furthermore, silencing FOXP3 expression or blocking CD48 decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential in expanding Tcons with a concomitant reduction in basal autophagy. Our findings suggest that FOXP3 governs a distinct transcriptional program in early-stage effector Tcons that maintains RICD resistance via CD48-dependent protective autophagy and p53 suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Voss
- Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Camille Lake
- Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Christopher R Luthers
- Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Nathaniel M Lott
- The American Genome Center (TAGC), Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Batsukh Dorjbal
- Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Swadhinya Arjunaraja
- Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Bradly M Bauman
- Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Anthony R Soltis
- The American Genome Center (TAGC), Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gauthaman Sukumar
- The American Genome Center (TAGC), Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Clifton L Dalgard
- The American Genome Center (TAGC), Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew L Snow
- Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA.
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19
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Simula L, Campanella M, Campello S. Targeting Drp1 and mitochondrial fission for therapeutic immune modulation. Pharmacol Res 2019; 146:104317. [PMID: 31220561 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles whose processes of fusion and fission are tightly regulated by specialized proteins, known as mitochondria-shaping proteins. Among them, Drp1 is the main pro-fission protein and its activity is tightly regulated to ensure a strict control over mitochondria shape according to the cell needs. In the recent years, mitochondrial dynamics emerged as a new player in the regulation of fundamental processes during T cell life. Indeed, the morphology of mitochondria directly regulates T cell differentiation, this by affecting the engagment of alternative metabolic routes upon activation. Further, Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission sustains both T cell clonal expansion and T cell migration and invasivness. By this review, we aim at discussing the most recent findings about the roles played by the Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission in T cells, and at highlighting how its pharmacological modulation could open the way to future therapeutic approaches to modulate T cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Simula
- Dept. of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Dept. of Paediatric Haemato-Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Campanella
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street NW1 0TU, London, United Kingdom; Consortium for Mitochondrial Research (CfMR), University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Campello
- Dept. of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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20
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AMBRA1 Controls Regulatory T-Cell Differentiation and Homeostasis Upstream of the FOXO3-FOXP3 Axis. Dev Cell 2018; 47:592-607.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Widlansky ME, Hill RB. Mitochondrial regulation of diabetic vascular disease: an emerging opportunity. Transl Res 2018; 202:83-98. [PMID: 30144425 PMCID: PMC6218302 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes-related vascular complication rates remain unacceptably high despite guideline-based medical therapies that are significantly more effective in individuals without diabetes. This critical gap represents an opportunity for researchers and clinicians to collaborate on targeting mechanisms and pathways that specifically contribute to vascular pathology in patients with diabetes mellitus. Dysfunctional mitochondria producing excessive mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) play a proximal cell-signaling role in the development of vascular endothelial dysfunction in the setting of diabetes. Targeting the mechanisms of production of mtROS or mtROS themselves represents an attractive method to reduce the prevalence and severity of diabetic vascular disease. This review focuses on the role of mitochondria in the development of diabetic vascular disease and current developments in methods to improve mitochondrial health to improve vascular outcomes in patients with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Widlansky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
| | - R Blake Hill
- Department of Biochemisty, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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22
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Onnis A, Cianfanelli V, Cassioli C, Samardzic D, Pelicci PG, Cecconi F, Baldari CT. The pro-oxidant adaptor p66SHC promotes B cell mitophagy by disrupting mitochondrial integrity and recruiting LC3-II. Autophagy 2018; 14:2117-2138. [PMID: 30109811 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1505153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy has emerged as a central process in lymphocyte homeostasis, activation and differentiation. Based on our finding that the p66 isoform of SHC1 (p66SHC) pro-apoptotic ROS-elevating SHC family adaptor inhibits MTOR signaling in these cells, here we investigated the role of p66SHC in B-cell autophagy. We show that p66SHC disrupts mitochondrial function through its CYCS (cytochrome c, somatic) binding domain, thereby impairing ATP production, which results in AMPK activation and enhanced autophagic flux. While p66SHC binding to CYCS is sufficient for triggering apoptosis, p66SHC-mediated autophagy additionally depends on its ability to interact with membrane-associated LC3-II through a specific binding motif within its N terminus. Importantly, p66SHC also has an impact on mitochondria homeostasis by inducing mitochondrial depolarization, protein ubiquitination at the outer mitochondrial membrane, and local recruitment of active AMPK. These events initiate mitophagy, whose full execution relies on the role of p66SHC as an LC3-II receptor which brings phagophore membranes to mitochondria. Importantly, p66SHC also promotes hypoxia-induced mitophagy in B cells. Moreover, p66SHC deficiency enhances B cell differentiation to plasma cells, which is controlled by intracellular ROS levels and the hypoxic germinal center environment. The results identify mitochondrial p66SHC as a novel regulator of autophagy and mitophagy in B cells and implicate p66SHC-mediated coordination of autophagy and apoptosis in B cell survival and differentiation. Abbreviations: ACTB: actin beta; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; ATG: autophagy-related; CYCS: cytochrome c, somatic; CLQ: chloroquine; COX: cyclooxygenase; CTR: control; GFP: green fluorescent protein; HIFIA/Hif alpha: hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha; IMS: intermembrane space; LIR: LC3 interacting region; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MTOR/mTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; OA: oligomycin and antimycin A; OMM: outer mitochondrial membrane; PHB: prohibitin; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PINK1: PTEN induced putative kinase 1; RFP: red fluorescent protein; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SHC: src Homology 2 domain-containing transforming protein; TMRM: tetramethylrhodamine, methyl ester; TOMM: translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; WT: wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Onnis
- a Department of Life Sciences , University of Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Valentina Cianfanelli
- b Cell Stress and Survival Unit , Danish Cancer Society Research Center , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Chiara Cassioli
- a Department of Life Sciences , University of Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Dijana Samardzic
- c Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine , University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Pier Giuseppe Pelicci
- d Department of Experimental Oncology , European Institute of of Oncology , Milan , Italy
| | - Francesco Cecconi
- b Cell Stress and Survival Unit , Danish Cancer Society Research Center , Copenhagen , Denmark.,e Department of Biology , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy.,f Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology , Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Cosima T Baldari
- a Department of Life Sciences , University of Siena , Siena , Italy
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23
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Caruana I, Simula L, Locatelli F, Campello S. T lymphocytes against solid malignancies: winning ways to defeat tumours. Cell Stress 2018; 2:200-212. [PMID: 31225487 PMCID: PMC6551626 DOI: 10.15698/cst2018.07.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, a novel field has emerged in the cure of cancer, by boosting the ability of the patient’s immune system to recognize and kill tumour cells. Although excellent and encouraging results, exploiting the effect of genetically modified T cells, have been obtained, it is now evident that tumour malignancies can evolve several mechanisms to escape such immune responses, thus continuing their growth in the body. These mechanisms are in part due to tumour cell metabolic or genetic alterations, which can render the target invisible to the immune system or can favour the generation of an extracellular milieu preventing immune cell infiltration or cytotoxicity. Such mechanisms may also involve the accumulation inside the tumour microenvironment of different immune-suppressive cell types, which further down-regulate the activity of cytotoxic immune cells either directly by interacting with them or indirectly by releasing suppressive molecules. In this review, we will first focus on describing several mechanisms by which tumour cells may dampen or abrogate the immune response inside the tumour microenvironment and, second, on current strategies that are adopted to cope with and possibly overcome such alterations, thus ameliorating the efficacy of the current-in-use anti-cancer immuno-therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignazio Caruana
- Dept. of Pediatric Onco-Hematology and cell and gene therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Simula
- Dept. of Pediatric Onco-Hematology and cell and gene therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Dept. of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Dept. of Pediatric Onco-Hematology and cell and gene therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Campello
- Dept. of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
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24
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Zhan Y, Carrington EM, Zhang Y, Heinzel S, Lew AM. Life and Death of Activated T Cells: How Are They Different from Naïve T Cells? Front Immunol 2017; 8:1809. [PMID: 29326701 PMCID: PMC5733345 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells are pivotal in immunity and immunopathology. After activation, T cells undergo a clonal expansion and differentiation followed by a contraction phase, once the pathogen has been cleared. Cell survival and cell death are critical for controlling the numbers of naïve T cells, effector, and memory T cells. While naïve T cell survival has been studied for a long time, more effort has gone into understanding the survival and death of activated T cells. Despite this effort, there is still much to be learnt about T cell survival, as T cells transition from naïve to effector to memory. One key advance is the development of inhibitors that may allow the temporal study of survival mechanisms operating in these distinct cell states. Naïve T cells were highly reliant on BCL-2 and sensitive to BCL-2 inhibition. Activated T cells are remarkably different in their regulation of apoptosis by pro- and antiapoptotic members of the BCL-2 family, rendering them differentially sensitive to antagonists blocking the function of one or more members of this family. Recent progress in understanding other programmed cell death mechanisms, especially necroptosis, suggests a unique role for alternative pathways in regulating death of activated T cells. Furthermore, we highlight a mechanism of epigenetic regulation of cell survival unique to activated T cells. Together, we present an update of our current understanding of the survival requirement of activated T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhan
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Emma M Carrington
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Susanne Heinzel
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew M Lew
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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25
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Optic Atrophy 1 Is Epistatic to the Core MICOS Component MIC60 in Mitochondrial Cristae Shape Control. Cell Rep 2017; 17:3024-3034. [PMID: 27974214 PMCID: PMC5186903 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) and Optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) control cristae shape, thus affecting mitochondrial function and apoptosis. Whether and how they physically and functionally interact is unclear. Here, we provide evidence that OPA1 is epistatic to MICOS in the regulation of cristae shape. Proteomic analysis identifies multiple MICOS components in native OPA1-containing high molecular weight complexes disrupted during cristae remodeling. MIC60, a core MICOS protein, physically interacts with OPA1, and together, they control cristae junction number and stability, OPA1 being epistatic to MIC60. OPA1 defines cristae width and junction diameter independently of MIC60. Our combination of proteomics, biochemistry, genetics, and electron tomography provides a unifying model for mammalian cristae biogenesis by OPA1 and MICOS. Complexes containing OPA1 and MIC60 are targeted during cristae remodeling OPA1 lies upstream of MIC60 in regulating cristae junction number and stability OPA1 is the sole regulator of cristae junction width
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26
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Liu N, Wu J, Zhang L, Gao Z, Sun Y, Yu M, Zhao Y, Dong S, Lu F, Zhang W. Hydrogen Sulphide modulating mitochondrial morphology to promote mitophagy in endothelial cells under high-glucose and high-palmitate. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:3190-3203. [PMID: 28608965 PMCID: PMC5706497 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell dysfunction is one of the main reasons for type II diabetes vascular complications. Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) has antioxidative effect, but its regulation on mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy in aortic endothelial cells under hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia is unclear. Rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs) were treated with 40 mM glucose and 200 μM palmitate to imitate endothelium under hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia, and 100 μM NaHS was used as an exogenous H2S donor. Firstly, we demonstrated that high glucose and palmitate decreased H2S production and CSE expression in RAECs. Then, the antioxidative effect of H2S was proved in RAECs under high glucose and palmitate to reduce mitochondrial ROS level. We also showed that exogenous H2S inhibited mitochondrial apoptosis in RAECs under high glucose and palmitate. Using Mito Tracker and transmission electron microscopy assay, we revealed that exogenous H2S decreased mitochondrial fragments and significantly reduced the expression of p‐Drp‐1/Drp‐1 and Fis1 compared to high‐glucose and high‐palmitate group, whereas it increased mitophagy by transmission electron microscopy assay. We demonstrated that exogenous H2S facilitated Parkin recruited by PINK1 by immunoprecipitation and immunostaining assays and then ubiquitylated mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), which illuminated the mechanism of exogenous H2S on mitophagy. Parkin siRNA suppressed the expression of Mfn2, Nix and LC3B, which revealed that it eliminated mitophagy. In summary, exogenous H2S could protect RAECs against apoptosis under high glucose and palmitate by suppressing oxidative stress, decreasing mitochondrial fragments and promoting mitophagy. Based on these results, we proposed a new mechanism of H2S on protecting endothelium, which might provide a new strategy for type II diabetes vascular complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jichao Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Linxue Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaopeng Gao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yajun Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shiyun Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fanghao Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Bio-Pharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
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27
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Corrado M, Mariotti FR, Trapani L, Taraborrelli L, Nazio F, Cianfanelli V, Soriano ME, Schrepfer E, Cecconi F, Scorrano L, Campello S. Macroautophagy inhibition maintains fragmented mitochondria to foster T cell receptor-dependent apoptosis. EMBO J 2016; 35:1793-809. [PMID: 27390127 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201593727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamics and functionality are linked to the autophagic degradative pathway under several stress conditions. However, the interplay between mitochondria and autophagy upon cell death signalling remains unclear. The T-cell receptor pathway signals the so-called activation-induced cell death (AICD) essential for immune tolerance regulation. Here, we show that this apoptotic pathway requires the inhibition of macroautophagy. Protein kinase-A activation downstream of T-cell receptor signalling inhibits macroautophagy upon AICD induction. This leads to the accumulation of damaged mitochondria, which are fragmented, display remodelled cristae and release cytochrome c, thereby driving apoptosis. Autophagy-forced reactivation that clears the Parkin-decorated mitochondria is as effective in inhibiting apoptosis as genetic interference with cristae remodelling and cytochrome c release. Thus, upon AICD induction regulation of macroautophagy, rather than selective mitophagy, ensures apoptotic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Corrado
- Dulbecco-Telethon Institute, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Lucia Taraborrelli
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Francesca Nazio
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Cianfanelli
- Unit of Cell Stress and Survival, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Emilie Schrepfer
- Dulbecco-Telethon Institute, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Cecconi
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy Unit of Cell Stress and Survival, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Dulbecco-Telethon Institute, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Campello
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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