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Kabat AM, Hackl A, Sanin DE, Zeis P, Grzes KM, Baixauli F, Kyle R, Caputa G, Edwards-Hicks J, Villa M, Rana N, Curtis JD, Castoldi A, Cupovic J, Dreesen L, Sibilia M, Pospisilik JA, Urban JF, Grün D, Pearce EL, Pearce EJ. Resident T H2 cells orchestrate adipose tissue remodeling at a site adjacent to infection. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eadd3263. [PMID: 36240286 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.add3263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 immunity is associated with adipose tissue (AT) homeostasis and infection with parasitic helminths, but whether AT participates in immunity to these parasites is unknown. We found that the fat content of mesenteric AT (mAT) declined in mice during infection with a gut-restricted helminth. This was associated with the accumulation of metabolically activated, interleukin-33 (IL-33), thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), and extracellular matrix (ECM)-producing stromal cells. These cells shared transcriptional features, including the expression of Dpp4 and Pi16, with multipotent progenitor cells (MPC) that have been identified in numerous tissues and are reported to be capable of differentiating into fibroblasts and adipocytes. Concomitantly, mAT became infiltrated with resident T helper 2 (TH2) cells that responded to TSLP and IL-33 by producing stromal cell-stimulating cytokines, including transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) and amphiregulin. These TH2 cells expressed genes previously associated with type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), including Nmur1, Calca, Klrg1, and Arg1, and persisted in mAT for at least 11 months after anthelmintic drug-mediated clearance of infection. We found that MPC and TH2 cells localized to ECM-rich interstitial spaces that appeared shared between mesenteric lymph node, mAT, and intestine. Stromal cell expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), the receptor for amphiregulin, was required for immunity to infection. Our findings point to the importance of MPC and TH2 cell interactions within the interstitium in orchestrating AT remodeling and immunity to an intestinal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka M Kabat
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany.,Bloomberg Kimmel Institute and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Alexandra Hackl
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany
| | - David E Sanin
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany.,Bloomberg Kimmel Institute and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Patrice Zeis
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Biology (IMPRS-MCB), Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Katarzyna M Grzes
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany.,Bloomberg Kimmel Institute and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Francesc Baixauli
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany
| | - Ryan Kyle
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany
| | - George Caputa
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany
| | - Joy Edwards-Hicks
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany
| | - Matteo Villa
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany
| | - Nisha Rana
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany
| | - Jonathan D Curtis
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany.,Bloomberg Kimmel Institute and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Angela Castoldi
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany
| | - Jovana Cupovic
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany
| | - Leentje Dreesen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Maria Sibilia
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Borschkegasse 8a, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - J Andrew Pospisilik
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Joseph F Urban
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, and Belstville Agricultural Research Service, Animal Parasitic Disease Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Dominic Grün
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany.,Centre for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany.,Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg 97078, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg 97080, Germany
| | - Erika L Pearce
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany.,Bloomberg Kimmel Institute and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Edward J Pearce
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany.,Bloomberg Kimmel Institute and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Abdallah N, Smith A, Geyer S, Binder M, Greipp P, Kapoor P, Dispenzieri A, Gertz M, Baughn L, Lacy M, Hayman S, Buadi F, Dingli D, Hwa Y, Lin Y, Kourelis T, Warsame R, Kyle R, Rajkumar S, Kumar S. 639P Conditional survival in MM and impact of prognostic factors over time. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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3
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Lofters AK, O'Brien MA, Sutradhar R, Pinto AD, Baxter NN, Donnelly P, Elliott R, Glazier RH, Huizinga J, Kyle R, Manca D, Pietrusiak MA, Rabeneck L, Riordan B, Selby P, Sivayoganathan K, Snider C, Sopcak N, Thorpe K, Tinmouth J, Wall B, Zuo F, Grunfeld E, Paszat L. Correction to: Building on existing tools to improve chronic disease prevention and screening in public health: a cluster randomized trial. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1714. [PMID: 34548061 PMCID: PMC8456665 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11700-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A K Lofters
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Women's College Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Canada. .,Peter Gilgan Centre for Women's Cancers, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada. .,Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario), Toronto, Canada. .,ICES, Toronto, Canada.
| | - M A O'Brien
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - R Sutradhar
- ICES, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A D Pinto
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - N N Baxter
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Melbourne School of Global and Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - P Donnelly
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,University of St. Andrews, Scotland, UK
| | - R Elliott
- Durham Region Health Department, Whitby, Canada
| | - R H Glazier
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,ICES, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - J Huizinga
- Durham Region Health Department, Whitby, Canada
| | - R Kyle
- Durham Region Health Department, Whitby, Canada
| | - D Manca
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - L Rabeneck
- Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario), Toronto, Canada
| | - B Riordan
- Durham Region Health Department, Whitby, Canada
| | - P Selby
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - K Sivayoganathan
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Durham Region Health Department, Whitby, Canada
| | - C Snider
- Durham Region Health Department, Whitby, Canada
| | - N Sopcak
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - K Thorpe
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Applied Health Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - J Tinmouth
- Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario), Toronto, Canada.,Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - B Wall
- Durham Region Health Department, Whitby, Canada
| | - F Zuo
- Applied Health Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - E Grunfeld
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Women's College Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,ICES, Toronto, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - L Paszat
- ICES, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
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4
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Lofters AK, O'Brien MA, Sutradhar R, Pinto AD, Baxter NN, Donnelly P, Elliott R, Glazier RH, Huizinga J, Kyle R, Manca DM, Pietrusiak MA, Rabeneck L, Riordan B, Selby P, Sivayoganathan K, Snider C, Sopcak N, Thorpe K, Tinmouth J, Wall B, Zuo F, Grunfeld E, Paszat L. Building on existing tools to improve chronic disease prevention and screening in public health: a cluster randomized trial. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1496. [PMID: 34344340 PMCID: PMC8329623 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11452-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The BETTER (Building on Existing Tools to Improve Chronic Disease Prevention and Screening in Primary Care) intervention was designed to integrate the approach to chronic disease prevention and screening in primary care and demonstrated effective in a previous randomized trial. METHODS We tested the effectiveness of the BETTER HEALTH intervention, a public health adaptation of BETTER, at improving participation in chronic disease prevention and screening actions for residents of low-income neighbourhoods in a cluster randomized trial, with ten low-income neighbourhoods in Durham Region Ontario randomized to immediate intervention vs. wait-list. The unit of analysis was the individual, and eligible participants were adults age 40-64 years residing in the neighbourhoods. Public health nurses trained as "prevention practitioners" held one prevention-focused visit with each participant. They provided participants with a tailored prevention prescription and supported them to set health-related goals. The primary outcome was a composite index: the number of evidence-based actions achieved at six months as a proportion of those for which participants were eligible at baseline. RESULTS Of 126 participants (60 in immediate arm; 66 in wait-list arm), 125 were included in analyses (1 participant withdrew consent). In both arms, participants were eligible for a mean of 8.6 actions at baseline. At follow-up, participants in the immediate intervention arm met 64.5% of actions for which they were eligible versus 42.1% in the wait-list arm (rate ratio 1.53 [95% confidence interval 1.22-1.84]). CONCLUSION Public health nurses using the BETTER HEALTH intervention led to a higher proportion of identified evidence-based prevention and screening actions achieved at six months for people living with socioeconomic disadvantage. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03052959 , registered February 10, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Lofters
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Women's College Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Canada. .,Peter Gilgan Centre for Women's Cancers, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada. .,Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario), Toronto, Canada. .,ICES, Toronto, Canada. .,Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Family and Community Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
| | - M A O'Brien
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - R Sutradhar
- ICES, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A D Pinto
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - N N Baxter
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - R Elliott
- Durham Region Health Department, Whitby, Canada
| | - R H Glazier
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,ICES, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Melbourne School of Global and Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Huizinga
- Durham Region Health Department, Whitby, Canada
| | - R Kyle
- Durham Region Health Department, Whitby, Canada
| | - D M Manca
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - L Rabeneck
- Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario), Toronto, Canada
| | - B Riordan
- Durham Region Health Department, Whitby, Canada
| | - P Selby
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - K Sivayoganathan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Durham Region Health Department, Whitby, Canada
| | - C Snider
- Durham Region Health Department, Whitby, Canada
| | - N Sopcak
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - K Thorpe
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Applied Health Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - J Tinmouth
- Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario), Toronto, Canada.,Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - B Wall
- Durham Region Health Department, Whitby, Canada
| | - F Zuo
- Applied Health Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - E Grunfeld
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Women's College Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,ICES, Toronto, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - L Paszat
- ICES, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
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5
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Corrado M, Edwards-Hicks J, Villa M, Flachsmann LJ, Sanin DE, Jacobs M, Baixauli F, Stanczak M, Anderson E, Azuma M, Quintana A, Curtis JD, Clapes T, Grzes KM, Kabat AM, Kyle R, Patterson AE, Geltink RK, Amulic B, Steward CG, Strathdee D, Trompouki E, O'Sullivan D, Pearce EJ, Pearce EL. Dynamic Cardiolipin Synthesis Is Required for CD8 + T Cell Immunity. Cell Metab 2020; 32:981-995.e7. [PMID: 33264603 PMCID: PMC7721104 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria constantly adapt to the metabolic needs of a cell. This mitochondrial plasticity is critical to T cells, which modulate metabolism depending on antigen-driven signals and environment. We show here that de novo synthesis of the mitochondrial membrane-specific lipid cardiolipin maintains CD8+ T cell function. T cells deficient for the cardiolipin-synthesizing enzyme PTPMT1 had reduced cardiolipin and responded poorly to antigen because basal cardiolipin levels were required for activation. However, neither de novo cardiolipin synthesis, nor its Tafazzin-dependent remodeling, was needed for T cell activation. In contrast, PTPMT1-dependent cardiolipin synthesis was vital when mitochondrial fitness was required, most notably during memory T cell differentiation or nutrient stress. We also found CD8+ T cell defects in a small cohort of patients with Barth syndrome, where TAFAZZIN is mutated, and in a Tafazzin-deficient mouse model. Thus, the dynamic regulation of a single mitochondrial lipid is crucial for CD8+ T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Corrado
- Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Joy Edwards-Hicks
- Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matteo Villa
- Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lea J Flachsmann
- Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - David E Sanin
- Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maaike Jacobs
- Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Francesc Baixauli
- Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michal Stanczak
- Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eve Anderson
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1 BD, UK
| | - Mai Azuma
- Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Quintana
- Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan D Curtis
- Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Clapes
- Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katarzyna M Grzes
- Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Agnieszka M Kabat
- Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ryan Kyle
- Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Annette E Patterson
- Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ramon Klein Geltink
- Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Borko Amulic
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Colin G Steward
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK
| | | | - Eirini Trompouki
- Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - David O'Sullivan
- Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Edward J Pearce
- Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79098 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Erika L Pearce
- Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany.
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Sidiqi M, Saleh AA, Kumar S, Morie G, Dispenzieri A, Buadi F, Lacy M, Leung N, Muchtar E, Kyle R, Go R, Hobbs M, Gonsalves W, Kourelis T, Warsame R, Dingli D, Lust J, Hayman S, Rajkumar V, Kapoor P. PS1422 VENETOCLAX FOR THE TREATMENT OF MULTIPLE MYELOMA: OUTCOMES OUTSIDE OF CLINICAL TRIALS. Hemasphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1097/01.hs9.0000563964.92802.c3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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7
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O'Brien M, Lofters A, Wall B, Pinto A, Elliott R, Pietrusiak MA, Snider C, Riordan B, Grunfeld E, Makuwaza T, Sivayoganathan K, Manca D, Sopcak N, Donnelly P, Selby P, Kyle R, Baxter N, Rabeneck L, Cornacchi S, Paszat L. Better Health Durham: Community Engagement in a Cluster RCT of a Prevention Practitioner Intervention in Low-Income Neighbourhoods. J Glob Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jgo.18.53100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The Building on Existing Tools to Improve Chronic Disease Prevention and Screening (BETTER) intervention has improved uptake of chronic disease prevention and screening activities in primary care. The BETTER intervention consists of 1:1 visits between prevention practitioners (PPs) and patients (40-65 years). It is unknown if an adapted BETTER could be effective in the community with public health nurses as PPs. Aim: The presentation objective is to describe community engagement strategies in a cluster RCT in low income neighborhoods with low cancer screening rates and low uptake of primary care. Methods: Principles of community-based participatory research were used to design the community engagement strategy in Durham region, Ontario. Key elements included close collaboration with public health partners to identify stakeholders and creating a community advisory committee (CAC) and a primary care engagement group to provide advice. Results: We identified 15 community stakeholder groups (∼47 subgroups) including service organizations, faith groups, and charitable organizations representing diverse constituents. Community outreach activities included in-person meetings and information displays at local events. The CAC is comprised of members of the public and representatives from primary care, social services, and community organizations. The CAC and primary care engagement groups have provided advice on trial recruitment strategies and on the design of the PP visit. Conclusion: The partnership between public health, primary care, and the study team has been crucial to connect with community stakeholders. Community engagement is essential in raising awareness about the study and will contribute to successful recruitment. Trial Registration: NCT03052959
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Affiliation(s)
- M.A. O'Brien
- University of Toronto, Family and Community Medicine, Toronto, Canada
| | - A. Lofters
- University of Toronto, Family and Community Medicine, Toronto, Canada
| | - B. Wall
- Durham Region Health Department, Whitby, Canada
| | - A.D. Pinto
- University of Toronto, Family and Community Medicine, Toronto, Canada
- St. Michael's Hospital, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, Canada
- University of Toronto, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - R. Elliott
- Durham Region Health Department, Whitby, Canada
| | | | - C. Snider
- Durham Region Health Department, Whitby, Canada
| | - B. Riordan
- Durham Region Health Department, Whitby, Canada
| | - E. Grunfeld
- University of Toronto, Family and Community Medicine, Toronto, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - T. Makuwaza
- University of Toronto, Family and Community Medicine, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - D. Manca
- University of Alberta, Family Medicine, Edmonton, Canada
| | - N. Sopcak
- University of Alberta, Family Medicine, Edmonton, Canada
| | - P. Donnelly
- University of Toronto, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - P. Selby
- University of Toronto, Family and Community Medicine, Toronto, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - R. Kyle
- Durham Region Health Department, Whitby, Canada
| | - N. Baxter
- St. Michael's Hospital, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - L. Rabeneck
- University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Canada
- University of Toronto, Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Toronto, Canada
| | - S. Cornacchi
- University of Toronto, Family and Community Medicine, Toronto, Canada
| | - L. Paszat
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
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8
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Robinson MJ, Prout M, Mearns H, Kyle R, Camberis M, Forbes-Blom EE, Paul WE, Allen CDC, Le Gros G. IL-4 Haploinsufficiency Specifically Impairs IgE Responses against Allergens in Mice. J Immunol 2017; 198:1815-1822. [PMID: 28115531 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphisms in genes involved in IL-4 responses segregate with allergic disease risk and correlate with IgE levels in humans, and IL-4 promotes IgE and IgG1 Ab production against allergens in mice. We report that mice with only one intact Il4 gene copy are significantly impaired in their ability to make specific IgE responses against allergens, whereas IgG1 responses to allergens remain unaffected. Il4-hemizygosity also resulted in a modest but detectable drop in IL-4 production by CD4+ T cells isolated from lymph nodes and prevented IgE-dependent oral allergen-induced diarrhea. We conclude that a state of haploinsufficiency for the Il4 gene locus is specifically relevant for IL-4-dependent IgE responses to allergens with the amount of IL-4 produced in the hemizygous condition falling close to the threshold required for switching to IgE production. These results may be relevant for how polymorphisms in genes affecting IL-4 responses influence the risk of IgE-mediated allergic disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J Robinson
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington 6242, New Zealand.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143.,Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Melanie Prout
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - Helen Mearns
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - Ryan Kyle
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - Mali Camberis
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | | | - William E Paul
- Laboratories of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Christopher D C Allen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143.,Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143.,Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Graham Le Gros
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington 6242, New Zealand;
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Atherton I, Kyle R. The devil's in the demography: comparison and change in the remote and rural nursing workforce in Scotland between 2001 and 2011 using representative longitudinal data. Rural Remote Health 2016. [DOI: 10.22605/rrh4064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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11
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Roediger B, Kyle R, Tay SS, Mitchell AJ, Bolton HA, Guy TV, Tan SY, Forbes-Blom E, Tong PL, Köller Y, Shklovskaya E, Iwashima M, McCoy KD, Le Gros G, Fazekas de St Groth B, Weninger W. IL-2 is a critical regulator of group 2 innate lymphoid cell function during pulmonary inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:1653-1663.e7. [PMID: 26025126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic lung diseases. However, the upstream signals that regulate ILC2 function during pulmonary inflammation remain poorly understood. ILC2s have been shown to respond to exogenous IL-2, but the importance of endogenous IL-2 in ILC2 function in vivo remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We sought to understand the role of IL-2 in the regulation of ILC2 function in the lung. METHODS We used histology, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, ELISA, and quantitative PCR with knockout and reporter mice to dissect pulmonary ILC2 function in vivo. We examined the role of ILC2s in eosinophilic crystalline pneumonia, an idiopathic type 2 inflammatory lung condition of mice, and the effect of IL-2 deficiency on this disease. We determined the effect of IL-2 administration on pulmonary ILC2 numbers and function in mice in the steady state and after challenge with IL-33. RESULTS We discovered an unexpected role for innate cell-derived IL-2 as a major cofactor of ILC2 function during pulmonary inflammation. Specifically, we found that IL-2 was essential for the development of eosinophilic crystalline pneumonia, a type 2 disease characterized by increased numbers of activated ILC2s. We show that IL-2 signaling serves 2 distinct functions in lung ILC2s, namely promoting cell survival/proliferation and serving as a cofactor for the production of type 2 cytokines. We further demonstrate that group 3 innate lymphoid cells are an innate immune source of IL-2 in the lung. CONCLUSION Innate cell-derived IL-2 is a critical cofactor in regulating ILC2 function in pulmonary type 2 pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Roediger
- Centenary Institute, Newtown, Australia; Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Ryan Kyle
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Szun S Tay
- Centenary Institute, Newtown, Australia; Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew J Mitchell
- Centenary Institute, Newtown, Australia; Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Holly A Bolton
- Centenary Institute, Newtown, Australia; Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Thomas V Guy
- Centenary Institute, Newtown, Australia; Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sioh-Yang Tan
- Centenary Institute, Newtown, Australia; Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Philip L Tong
- Centenary Institute, Newtown, Australia; Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Dermatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Yasmin Köller
- Maurice Müller Laboratories, Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin (UVCM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elena Shklovskaya
- Centenary Institute, Newtown, Australia; Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Makio Iwashima
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Ill; Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Ill
| | - Kathy D McCoy
- Maurice Müller Laboratories, Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin (UVCM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Graham Le Gros
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand; Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Barbara Fazekas de St Groth
- Centenary Institute, Newtown, Australia; Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Wolfgang Weninger
- Centenary Institute, Newtown, Australia; Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Dermatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia.
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Bouchery T, Kyle R, Camberis M, Shepherd A, Filbey K, Smith A, Harvie M, Painter G, Johnston K, Ferguson P, Jain R, Roediger B, Delahunt B, Weninger W, Forbes-Blom E, Le Gros G. ILC2s and T cells cooperate to ensure maintenance of M2 macrophages for lung immunity against hookworms. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6970. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Roediger B, Kyle R, Le Gros G, Weninger W. Dermal group 2 innate lymphoid cells in atopic dermatitis and allergy. Curr Opin Immunol 2014; 31:108-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Bouchery T, Kyle R, Ronchese F, Le Gros G. The Differentiation of CD4(+) T-Helper Cell Subsets in the Context of Helminth Parasite Infection. Front Immunol 2014; 5:487. [PMID: 25360134 PMCID: PMC4197778 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Helminths are credited with being the major selective force driving the evolution of the so-called “type 2” immune responses in vertebrate animals, with their size and infection strategies presenting unique challenges to the immune system. Originally, type 2 immune responses were defined by the presence and activities of the CD4+ T-helper 2 subset producing the canonical cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. This picture is now being challenged by the discovery of a more complex pattern of CD4+ T-helper cell subsets that appear during infection, including Tregs, Th17, Tfh, and more recently, Th22, Th9, and ThGM. In addition, a clearer view of the mechanisms by which helminths and their products selectively prime the CD4+ T-cell subsets is emerging. In this review, we have focused on recent data concerning the selective priming, differentiation, and functional role of CD4+ T-helper cell subsets in the context of helminth infection. We argue for a re-evaluation of the original Th2 paradigm and discuss how the observed plasticity of the T-helper subsets may enable the parasitized host to achieve an appropriate compromise between elimination, tissue repair, containment, and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Bouchery
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research , Wellington , New Zealand
| | - Ryan Kyle
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research , Wellington , New Zealand
| | - Franca Ronchese
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research , Wellington , New Zealand
| | - Graham Le Gros
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research , Wellington , New Zealand ; Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington , New Zealand
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Mearns H, Forbes-Blom EE, Camberis M, Tang SC, Kyle R, Harvie M, Kleinschek MA, Le Gros G. IL-25 exhibits disparate roles during Th2-cell differentiation versus effector function. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:1976-80. [PMID: 24737448 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201344400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A keenly sought therapeutic approach for the treatment of allergic disease is the identification and neutralization of the cytokine that regulates the differentiation of T helper 2 (Th2) cells. Th2 cells are exciting targets for asthma therapies. Recently, the cytokine IL-25 has been shown to enhance Th2-type immune activity and play important roles in mediating allergic inflammatory responses. To investigate this further, we crossed IL-25(-/-) C57BL/6 mice with G4 IL-4 C57BL/6 reporter mice and developed an assay for in vitro and in vivo IL-4-independent Th2-cell differentiation. These assays were used to determine whether IL-25 was critical for the formation of Th2 cells. We found there was no physiological role for IL-25 in either the differentiation of Th2 cells or their development to effector or memory Th2-cell subsets. Importantly, this data challenges the newly found and growing status of the cytokine IL-25 and its proposed role in promoting Th2-cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Mearns
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
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Sanford D, Kyle R, Lazo-Langner A, Xenocostas A, Chin-Yee I, Howson-Jan K, Hsia C. Patient preferences for stopping tyrosine kinase inhibitors in chronic myeloid leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 21:e241-9. [PMID: 24764709 DOI: 10.3747/co.21.1736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We used an interview-assisted survey of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (cml) at a single tertiary care centre to explore patient reactions to and preferences for, and the risk-acceptability of, stopping tyrosine kinase inhibitor (tki) treatment. METHODS The study included patients with confirmed cml currently being treated with a tki. The survey was conducted by structured interview using a standard form. Patient preferences were explored in a case-based scenario using 0%-100% visual analog scales and 5-point Likert scales. Data were analyzed using proportions for dichotomous variables and medians and interquartile ranges for continuous variables. RESULTS Of 63 patients approached, 56 completed the survey. Participant responses suggest that the idea of stopping tki use is appealing to many patients if there is a chance of long-term stable disease and a high probability of response upon restarting a tki. Participants were more likely to stop their tki as the risk of relapse decreased. Participants reported loss of disease control and failure of disease to respond to treatment as important concerns if they chose to stop their tki. CONCLUSIONS Given the current 60% estimated rate of relapse after discontinuation of tki therapy, most patients with cml chose to continue with tki. However, at the lower relapse rates reported with second-generation tkis, participants were more undecided, demonstrating a basic understanding of risk. Contrary to our hypothesis, neither compliance nor occurrence of side effects significantly affected patient willingness to stop their tki.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sanford
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON. ; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, ON
| | - R Kyle
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON
| | - A Lazo-Langner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, ON. ; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON
| | - A Xenocostas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, ON
| | - I Chin-Yee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, ON
| | - K Howson-Jan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, ON
| | - C Hsia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, ON
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Camberis M, Prout M, Tang SC, Forbes-Blom E, Robinson M, Kyle R, Belkaid Y, Paul W, Le Gros G. Evaluating the in vivo Th2 priming potential among common allergens. J Immunol Methods 2013; 394:62-72. [PMID: 23688767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to allergens, both man-made and from our environment is increasingly associated with the development of significant human health issues such as allergy and asthma. Allergen induced production of the cytokine interleukin (IL-)4 by Th2 cells is central to the pathogenesis of allergic disease (Gavett et al., 1994). The development of the G4 mouse, that expresses green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a surrogate for IL-4 protein expression has made it possible to directly track the immune cells that produce IL-4. By combining a reliable intradermal immunisation technique with the transgenic G4 mouse we have been able to develop a novel & unique in vivo primary Th2 immune response model (PTh2). When allergens relevant to human disease are evaluated using the PTh2 assay a dose dependent hierarchy of allergenicity is revealed with environmental allergens (cockroach, house dust mite) the most potent and food allergens being the least. In addition, the PTh2 assay is extremely sensitive to the immunoregulatory effects of Mycobacterial extracts and immunosuppressive drugs on primary Th2 cell development. Taken together, this assay provides a standardised method for the identification of the structural and functional properties of proteins relevant to allergenicity, and is a powerful screening tool for novel lead compounds that are effective at inhibiting the primary Th2 response in allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mali Camberis
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Box 7060, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
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Srivastava G, Rana V, Lacy MQ, Buadi FK, Hayman SR, Dispenzieri A, Gertz MA, Dingli D, Zeldenrust S, Russell S, McCurdy A, Kapoor P, Kyle R, Rajkumar SV, Kumar S. Long-term outcome with lenalidomide and dexamethasone therapy for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2013; 27:2062-6. [PMID: 23648667 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The combination of lenalidomide and dexamethasone (Len-Dex) is a commonly used initial therapy for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM). Although the initial response rates and toxicity are well known, long-term outcome is not well described. We studied 286 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed MM initially treated with Len-Dex. The median (range) age at diagnosis was 63 (28-92) years, 166 (58%) patients ≤ 65 years and 175 (61%) male. The median estimated duration on Len-Dex was 5.3 months with overall response (≥ partial response) of 72%, including 26% with very good partial response or better. The median overall survival (OS) from the diagnosis was not reached (NR) and the estimated 5-year survival was 71%. The median time to first disease progression, irrespective of transplant status, was 30.2 months. Overall, 143 (50%) patients underwent stem cell transplant. The median OS was NR for patients ≤ 70 years and 5.8 years for the older patients (P=0.01). The 5-year OS estimate for patients in International Staging System stage 1, 2 and 3 were 82, 65, and 44% respectively. There were 21 new second malignancies after MM diagnosis (6.6%). The median survival exceeding 7 years reflects the efficacy of novel agents. The risk of second malignancies doesn't appear to be excessive in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Srivastava
- Division of Hematology and Blood and Marrow Transplant, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Kyle R, Robinson M, Plunkett C, Mearns H, Ochiai S, Tang SC, Forbes-Blom E, Chen X, Paul W, Le Gros G. Spatial and temporal regulation of interleukin 4 and interleukin 13 expression identified by dual reporter mice. (P1129). The Journal of Immunology 2013. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.50.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Type II immune responses are associated with protection against helminth infections, as well as the pathology of allergic diseases that are initiated against innocuous antigens. Two integral cytokines associated with type II immunity are interleukin (IL-)4 and IL-13. The 4C13R transgenic dual reporter mouse has been created to allow identification of IL-4 and IL-13 producing cells by the production of two intracellular fluorescent molecules, AmCyan and DS-Red respectively. The expression of the distinct reporter proteins are under the normal transcriptional control of the Il4 or Il13 genes. This technology allows for the analysis of in situ IL-4 and/or IL-13 production by the relevant differentiated immune cell types without any effect on the endogenous cytokine genes or their effector activities in the mouse. Using this reporter system we have identified that in vitro generated CD4+ Th2 cells have divergent expression of IL-4 and IL-13, suggesting cytokine specific Th2 subsets. Additionally, IL-13 expression is delayed compared with IL-4 in this system. Reporter expression in vivo has also highlighted that IL-4/IL-13 double producers are only a subpopulation of CD4+ T cells, and cytokine expression profiles differ significantly between lymph node and effector tissues during type II responses. Studying the expression and regulation of these cytokines will allow us to understand their contribution in both disease and protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Kyle
- 1Malaghan Inst., Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Helen Mearns
- 2Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Xi Chen
- 3Cytokine Biology Unit, Laboratory of Immunology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - William Paul
- 3Cytokine Biology Unit, Laboratory of Immunology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD
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Roediger B, Kyle R, Yip K, Sumaria N, Guy T, Mitchell A, Tay S, Jain R, Forbes-Blom E, Chen X, Tong P, Bolton H, Paul W, Fazekas de St. Groth B, Grimbaldeston M, Le Gros G, Weninger W. Cutaneous immuno-surveillance and regulation of inflammation by group 2 innate lymphoid cells (P6374). The Journal of Immunology 2013. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.201.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Type 2 immunity is critical for defense against cutaneous infections, but also underlies the development of allergic skin diseases. We report the identification in normal murine dermis of an abundant, phenotypically unique group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) subset that depends on IL-7 and constitutively produces IL-13. Intravital multiphoton microscopy revealed that dermal ILC2 specifically interact with mast cells, whose function is suppressed by IL-13. Treatment of Rag1−/− mice with IL-2 led to a marked expansion of activated, IL-5-producing dermal ILC2, resulting in the development of spontaneous dermatitis characterized by eosinophil infiltrate and activated mast cells. Our data uncover a novel interactive pathway between two innate immune cell populations implicated in type 2 immunity, and demonstrate that ILC2 exhibit both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan Kyle
- 2Malaghan Inst., Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Kwok Yip
- 3Centre for Cancer Biology, Adelaide, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Thomas Guy
- 1Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Szun Tay
- 1Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rohit Jain
- 1Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Xi Chen
- 4National Institute of Allergic Disease, Bethesda, MD
| | - Philip Tong
- 1Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - William Paul
- 4National Institute of Allergic Disease, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | | | - Wolfgang Weninger
- 1Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- 5University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- 6Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Roediger B, Kyle R, Yip KH, Sumaria N, Guy TV, Kim BS, Mitchell AJ, Tay SS, Jain R, Forbes-Blom E, Chen X, Tong PL, Bolton HA, Artis D, Paul WE, Fazekas de St Groth B, Grimbaldeston MA, Le Gros G, Weninger W. Cutaneous immunosurveillance and regulation of inflammation by group 2 innate lymphoid cells. Nat Immunol 2013; 14:564-73. [PMID: 23603794 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 immunity is critical for defense against cutaneous infections but also underlies the development of allergic skin diseases. We report the identification in normal mouse dermis of an abundant, phenotypically unique group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) subset that depended on interleukin 7 (IL-7) and constitutively produced IL-13. Intravital multiphoton microscopy showed that dermal ILC2 cells specifically interacted with mast cells, whose function was suppressed by IL-13. Treatment of mice deficient in recombination-activating gene 1 (Rag1(-/-)) with IL-2 resulted in the population expansion of activated, IL-5-producing dermal ILC2 cells, which led to spontaneous dermatitis characterized by eosinophil infiltrates and activated mast cells. Our data show that ILC2 cells have both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties and identify a previously unknown interactive pathway between two innate populations of cells of the immune system linked to type 2 immunity and allergic diseases.
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Sabbaghian N, Kyle R, Hao A, Hogg D, Tischkowitz M. Mutation analysis of the PALB2 cancer predisposition gene in familial melanoma. Fam Cancer 2010; 10:315-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10689-010-9405-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Giralt S, Stadtmauer EA, Harousseau JL, Palumbo A, Bensinger W, Comenzo RL, Kumar S, Munshi NC, Dispenzieri A, Kyle R, Merlini G, San Miguel J, Ludwig H, Hajek R, Jagannath S, Blade J, Lonial S, Dimopoulos MA, Einsele H, Barlogie B, Anderson KC, Gertz M, Attal M, Tosi P, Sonneveld P, Boccadoro M, Morgan G, Sezer O, Mateos MV, Cavo M, Joshua D, Turesson I, Chen W, Shimizu K, Powles R, Richardson PG, Niesvizky R, Rajkumar SV, Durie BGM. International myeloma working group (IMWG) consensus statement and guidelines regarding the current status of stem cell collection and high-dose therapy for multiple myeloma and the role of plerixafor (AMD 3100). Leukemia 2009; 23:1904-12. [PMID: 19554029 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2009.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is the most common indication for high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell support (ASCT) in North America today. Stem cell procurement for ASCT has most commonly been performed with stem cell mobilization using colony-stimulating factors with or without prior chemotherapy. The target CD34+ cell dose to be collected as well as the number of apheresis performed varies throughout the country, but a minimum of 2 million CD34+ cells/kg has been traditionally used for the support of one cycle of high-dose therapy. With the advent of plerixafor (AMD3100) (a novel stem cell mobilization agent), it is pertinent to review the current status of stem cell mobilization for myeloma as well as the role of autologous stem cell transplantation in this disease. On June 1, 2008, a panel of experts was convened by the International Myeloma Foundation to address issues regarding stem cell mobilization and autologous transplantation in myeloma in the context of new therapies. The panel was asked to discuss a variety of issues regarding stem cell collection and transplantation in myeloma especially with the arrival of plerixafor. Herein, is a summary of their deliberations and conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Giralt
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA.
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Durie BGM, Harousseau JL, Miguel JS, Bladé J, Barlogie B, Anderson K, Gertz M, Dimopoulos M, Westin J, Sonneveld P, Ludwig H, Gahrton G, Beksac M, Crowley J, Belch A, Boccadaro M, Turesson I, Joshua D, Vesole D, Kyle R, Alexanian R, Tricot G, Attal M, Merlini G, Powles R, Richardson P, Shimizu K, Tosi P, Morgan G, Rajkumar SV. Erratum: International uniform response criteria for multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2007. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Durie BGM, Harousseau JL, Miguel JS, Bladé J, Barlogie B, Anderson K, Gertz M, Dimopoulos M, Westin J, Sonneveld P, Ludwig H, Gahrton G, Beksac M, Crowley J, Belch A, Boccadaro M, Turesson I, Joshua D, Vesole D, Kyle R, Alexanian R, Tricot G, Attal M, Merlini G, Powles R, Richardson P, Shimizu K, Tosi P, Morgan G. Erratum: International uniform response criteria for multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2006. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Durie BGM, Harousseau JL, Miguel JS, Bladé J, Barlogie B, Anderson K, Gertz M, Dimopoulos M, Westin J, Sonneveld P, Ludwig H, Gahrton G, Beksac M, Crowley J, Belch A, Boccadaro M, Cavo M, Turesson I, Joshua D, Vesole D, Kyle R, Alexanian R, Tricot G, Attal M, Merlini G, Powles R, Richardson P, Shimizu K, Tosi P, Morgan G, Rajkumar SV. International uniform response criteria for multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2006; 20:1467-73. [PMID: 16855634 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2017] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
New uniform response criteria are required to adequately assess clinical outcomes in myeloma. The European Group for Blood and Bone Marrow Transplant/International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry criteria have been expanded, clarified and updated to provide a new comprehensive evaluation system. Categories for stringent complete response and very good partial response are added. The serum free light-chain assay is included to allow evaluation of patients with oligo-secretory disease. Inconsistencies in prior criteria are clarified making confirmation of response and disease progression easier to perform. Emphasis is placed upon time to event and duration of response as critical end points. The requirements necessary to use overall survival duration as the ultimate end point are discussed. It is anticipated that the International Response Criteria for multiple myeloma will be widely used in future clinical trials of myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G M Durie
- Aptium Oncology, Inc., Cedars-Sinai Outpatient Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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Kyle R. The status of and some notes on the Gaboon adder Bitis gabonica in northern KwaZulu/Natal, South Africa and southern Mozambique. Koedoe 2003. [DOI: 10.4102/koedoe.v46i2.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
A lot of work has been carried out on the Gaboon adder (Bitis gabonica) in KwaZulu/Natal (see Botbijl 1994a, 1994b), but the status of the snake has remained unclear.
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Kyle R. More information from the mark and recapture of fish at Kosi Bay, South Africa. Koedoe 2002. [DOI: 10.4102/koedoe.v45i2.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
A considerable amount of work has been carried out on the mark and recapture of fish at Kosi bay (Kyle 1986). This resulted in the publication of data (Kyle & Robertson 1997) suggesting fairly low rates of exploitation by man but warning that further information was needed to confirm apparent levels. Fish marking has been ongoing (Kyle 2000) and results of more recent mark and recaptures are given here.
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Kyle R. Interesting new record and further notes on the occurrence of marine fish in Nyamithi Pan, Ndumo Game Reserve, South Africa. Koedoe 2002. [DOI: 10.4102/koedoe.v45i2.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Nyamithi Pan, situated in Ndumo Game Reserve, South Africa, is a floodplain pan near the confluence of the Usuthu and Pongolo rivers. It lies approximately 75 km from the Indian Ocean. The floodplain and its fish have been extensively surveyed (Coke & Pott 1970; Kok 1980; Merron et al 1993, 1994, 1994a, 1994b, 1994c, 1994d; Pooley 1975) and there are many records of the occurrence of marine fish in this and other pans of the Pongolo and Usuthu rivers. These are, however, usually isolated instances of individual fish being caught and attracting attention.
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Kyle R. A selective fish mortality and some notes on <i>Rhabdosargus sarba</i> at Kosi Bay, South Africa. Koedoe 2002. [DOI: 10.4102/koedoe.v45i2.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
On 6 July 2000, while crossing Lake Nhlange, the largest of the Kosi Bay lakes, several dead fish were seen, lying bloated on the surface. On investigation they were found to be large Natal stumpnose Rhabdosargus sarba. Occasionally, during twenty years of residence at the Kosi lakes, the author has seen individual Natal stumpnoses dead or dying in this lake, particularly in winter, but never so many at one time. On investigation, by questioning other local residents, it was found that the mortality had been taking place for several days and it subsequently extended for at least another 14 days.
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Connelly NR, Kyle R, Gotta J, Calimaran A, Robbins LD, Kanter G, Dunn SM. Comparison of wire reinforced tubes with warmed standard tubes to facilitate fiberoptic intubation. J Clin Anesth 2001; 13:3-5. [PMID: 11259886 DOI: 10.1016/s0952-8180(00)00224-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To compare the ease of insertion of a warmed standard tracheal tube to that of a wire reinforced tracheal tube when placed over a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope. DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. SETTING Tertiary care hospital. PATIENTS 50 patients undergoing elective general anesthesia. INTERVENTIONS Patients' tracheas were intubated with a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope and had either a standard or wire-reinforced tracheal tube inserted. If resistance was met, the tube was withdrawn, rotated, and readvanced. This was repeated two times. If unsuccessful, the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope was removed, and intubation was attempted with the other type of tracheal tube. MEASUREMENTS The ability to advance the tracheal tube was determined. MAIN RESULTS There were no demographic differences between the two groups. There was a similar ease of advancement of the two tracheal tubes. CONCLUSIONS When performing elective flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy for intubation, we recommend using the less expensive warmed standard tracheal tube.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Connelly
- Department of Anesthesiology, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA 01199, USA.
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Kyle R. Natural History Note: Some interesting information from tagging returns for the riverbream, <i>Acanthopagrus berda</i>, in the Kosi lakes, Kwazulu/Natal. Koedoe 2000. [DOI: 10.4102/koedoe.v43i1.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Kyle, R. 2000. Some interesting information from tagging returns for the riverbream, Acanthopagrus berda, in the Kosi lakes, Kwazulu/Natal. Koedoe 43(1): 00-00. Pretoria.
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Kyle R. Natural History Note:Some notes on the occurrence and conservation status of Manis temminckii, the pangolin, in Maputaland, Kwazulu/Natal. Koedoe 2000. [DOI: 10.4102/koedoe.v43i1.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Kyle, R. 2000. Some notes on the occurrence and conservation status of Manis temminckii, the pangolin, in Maputaland, Kwazulu/Natal. Koedoe 43(1): 00-00. Pretoria.
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Rajkumar S, Fonseca R, Lacy M, Witzig T, Lust J, Greipp P, Therneau T, Kyle R, Litzow M, Gertz M. Abnormal cytogenetics predict poor survival after high-dose therapy and autologous blood cell transplantation in multiple myeloma. Bone Marrow Transplant 1999; 24:497-503. [PMID: 10482933 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1701943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We compared the prognostic value of conventional cytogenetic analysis and established factors such as beta2-microglobulin and plasma cell labeling index in 70 patients undergoing autologous blood cell transplantation for multiple myeloma. Patients underwent transplantation 5 to 88 months (median, 20 months) after the initial diagnosis of myeloma. Factors studied were age, sex, beta2-microglobulin, response to prior therapy, plasma cell labeling index, cytogenetic analysis, bone marrow plasma cell percentage, lactate dehydrogenase and C-reactive protein. Twenty-eight of 65 patients (43%) had abnormal marrow cytogenetics. Overall survival measured from transplantation was significantly better in patients with normal cytogenetics than in those with abnormal cytogenetics (median survival, 25 vs 12 months, P = 0.003). Progression-free survival was better, with median times of 12 vs7 months, respectively (P = 0.005); overall survival measured from the time myeloma was first diagnosed was also longer, with median survivals of 62 and 39 months, respectively (P = 0.001). Median plasma cell labeling index was 1.5% in patients with abnormal cytogenetics and 0. 2% in those with normal cytogenetics (P < 0.001). Abnormal bone marrow cytogenetics predict poor survival after blood cell transplantation for myeloma. There is a significant correlation between abnormal cytogenetics and high plasma cell labeling index, suggesting that certain cytogenetic abnormalities may offer a proliferative advantage to myeloma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rajkumar
- Division of Hematology and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Templeman D, Thomas M, Varecka T, Kyle R. Exchange reamed intramedullary nailing for delayed union and nonunion of the tibia. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1995:169-75. [PMID: 7634665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-eight tibial fractures, initially treated with nonreamed interlocking nails, were exchanged to reamed intramedullary nails to promote union. Initially, there were 8 closed fractures with compartment syndromes; 5 Type 2 open fractures; 6 Type 3 A injuries; and 6 Type 3B injuries. Exchange nailing was performed if followup radiographs did not show callus formation between 3 and 5 months after injury. Originally, 16 of the 28 nailings were statistically locked. Twenty-five of 27 fractures united after exchange nailing. In 2 patients with bone loss, additional bone grafting was required. Infection developed in 3 patients after exchange nailing (11%). Exchange nailing is a useful method to promote union of tibial fractures when slow consolidation occurs after initial treatment with a nonreamed nail. This method should be combined with autogenous bone grafting in patients with bone loss. The procedure is safe and effective in closed and minor open fractures; however, caution should be exercised in patients with prior Grade 3B open fractures because of the risk of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Templeman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55415, USA
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Kay NE, Oken MM, Kyle R, Van Ness B, Kalish L, Leong T, Greipp P. Sequential phenotyping of myeloma patients on chemotherapy: persistence of activated T-cells and natural killer cells. Leuk Lymphoma 1995; 16:351-4. [PMID: 7719242 DOI: 10.3109/10428199509049775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
To better detail the status of functional T cell subsets and natural killer cells in multiple myeloma, we undertook a detailed immunophenotypic study of circulating mononuclear cells in myeloma. We studied myeloma patients entered on a large prospective, randomized ECOG chemotherapy trial EST 9486 for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. All patients were studied prior to entry and then two months after initiation of therapy (e.g. post two cycles of Vincristine, BCNU, melphalan, cyclophosphamide and prednisone (VBMCP)). The chemotherapy protocol was a three-arm protocol utilizing either VBMCP, VBMCP alternating with interferon, or VBMCP with intermittent high dose cyclophosphamide. The major findings in this analysis include significant reductions in the white blood cell count, total lymphocytes, T cell (CD3+), T helper (CD4+), and T suppressor (CD8+) cells, after 2 cycles of VBMCP. However, there was a relative sparing of Natural killer (CD16+) and activated T cell (CD2+, HLADR+) reduction in these same patients. In summary, only two cycles of combination chemotherapy resulted in significant reductions in white blood cell and lymphocyte counts in multiple myeloma patients. All cell types appear to have been reduced by chemotherapy except for activated T cells and natural killer cells. The impact of selective modulation of functional T cells subsets during therapy for patients with multiple myeloma is an important parameter which needs to be addressed in the overall approach to these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Kay
- University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington 40536-0093, USA
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Billadeau D, Quam L, Thomas W, Kay N, Greipp P, Kyle R, Oken MM, Van Ness B. Detection and quantitation of malignant cells in the peripheral blood of multiple myeloma patients. Blood 1992; 80:1818-24. [PMID: 1391945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the distinguishing features of multiple myeloma (MM) is the proliferation of plasma cells that home to the bone marrow (BM). However, there still remains some uncertainty concerning the presence of related malignant cells in the peripheral blood of myeloma patients. Using consensus oligonucleotide primers, we amplified the third complementary determining region (CDR3) of rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain alleles from MM marrow samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). From the sequences of the products, we derived allele-specific oligonucleotides (ASO), and these were used in subsequent amplification reactions to detect malignant clones in the peripheral blood of myeloma patients. This method is highly specific and sensitive to 1 malignant cell in the background of 10(5) normal cells. Using this method we detected circulating malignant cells in 13 of 14 previously untreated MM patients. Furthermore, by applying ASO-PCR to artificial titrations of initial BM DNA sample into normal peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) DNA we were able to generate standard curves and quantitate the amount of tumor in the patient PBL. We observed a wide variation in the amount of circulating tumor between patients. In addition, we found that the incidence of circulating tumor cells was independent of BM tumor burden and stage of disease. The detection and quantitation of circulating tumor cells in the PBL of MM patients may offer an alternative assessment of the disease and may be an important consideration in the use of peripheral stem cells in bone marrow transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Billadeau
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455
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Axelrod O, Silverman GJ, Dev V, Kyle R, Carson DA, Kipps TJ. Idiotypic cross-reactivity of immunoglobulins expressed in Waldenström's macroglobulinemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and mantle zone lymphocytes of secondary B-cell follicles. Blood 1991; 77:1484-90. [PMID: 1901234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) specific for autoantibody-associated cross-reactive idiotypes (CRIs) of Waldenström's IgM react frequently with the surface Ig (slg) expressed by leukemia cells of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Evaluation of the molecular basis for this cross-reactivity indicates that such CRIs are encoded by conserved antibody variable region genes (V genes) that have undergone little or no somatic hypermutation. We find that such anti-CRI MoAbs stain a subpopulation of cells within the mantle zones surrounding the germinal centers of normal human tonsil. In contrast, MoAbs specific for variable region subgroup determinants react with cells in both the mantle zones and germinal centers of secondary B-cell follicles. To test whether mantle zone B cells not reactive with existing anti-CRI MoAbs may express slg bearing as-yet-unrecognized CRIs present on Igs produced by neoplastic cells of some patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia or CLL, we immunized mice with purified Waldenström's IgM that have been characterized for their variable region subgroups using subgroup-specific antisera raised against synthetic peptides. The supernatants of hybridomas generated from the splenocytes of immunized mice were screened for their ability to stain a subpopulation of mantle zone lymphocytes in human tonsil. With this approach, two new anti-CRI MoAbs were identified, designated OAK1 and VOH3. OAK1 binds to a CRI present on a subset of kappa light chains of the VK1 subgroup. VOH3 recognizes a CRI determinant(s) present on a subset of antibody heavy chains of the VH3 subgroup. Flow cytometric analyses demonstrated that OAK1 specifically binds leukemia cells from 5 to 20 patients (25%) with kappa light chain expressing CLL. In addition, VOH3 reacted with the leukemia cells from 1 of 17 (6%) patients tested. The success of these methods demonstrates that the variable regions of the Igs produced by mantle zone B cells share idiotypic determinants with Igs expressed in B-cell CLL (B-CLL) and Waldenström's macroglobulinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Axelrod
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0945
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Kyle R. The downward spiral of cattle veterinary practice. Vet Rec 1990; 127:465-7. [PMID: 2270634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Farm work for the cattle veterinary practitioner has declined in recent years, and further decline seems inevitable. With fewer dairy farms, and cattle farmers calling upon the veterinary surgeon less frequently, mixed practices are able to compensate by spending ever more time on small animal and horse work. But as cattle farmers know full well that younger veterinary surgeons are getting ever less experience with cattle, they are even less inclined to consult them. Here, I review the reasons for the downward spiral, and look for some solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kyle
- Royal Veterinary College, London
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Kyle R, Allen WM. Accidental selenium poisoning of a flock of sheep. Vet Rec 1990; 126:601. [PMID: 2382357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Kyle
- Compton Paddock Laboratories, Newbury
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Abstract
Previous anatomical studies demonstrated the presence of descending projections from the physiologically identified mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) to the medioventral medulla (MED) in the cat. The present experiments were designed to determine if a similar low threshold locomotion-inducing area is present in the rat medulla. In addition, the nature of the neurochemical control of this area of the brain was explored using localized injections of neurochemical agents in the decerebrate rat during locomotion on a treadmill. A region virtually identical to that reported in the cat was found to lead to controlled locomotion on a treadmill following stimulation at low amplitude currents (less than or equal to 60 microA). Injections of cholinergic agonists into the MED of the rat induced locomotion which could be blocked by injections of cholinergic antagonists. In addition, injections of GABA antagonists were found to induce stepping which could be blocked by injections of GABA or GABA agonists. Substance P (SP) also was found to induce walking following injection into the MED of the rat. Injections of an excitatory amino acid agonist (NMDA) also were found to induce locomotion in the rat. These effects were blocked by injections of an excitatory amino acid antagonist (APV). Since these results had not been reported for the cat MED, a short series of experiments revealed that the MED in the cat also responded to NMDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kinjo
- Department of Anatomy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock 72205
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Marcus DM, Perry L, Gilbert S, Preud'homme JL, Kyle R. Human IgM monoclonal proteins that bind 3-fucosyllactosamine, asialo-GM1, and GM1. J Immunol 1989; 143:2929-32. [PMID: 2572647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of monoclonal human Ig that occur in association with lymphoproliferative diseases has provided valuable information about antibody structure and idiotypes. We analyzed 940 human sera that contained monoclonal IgM proteins for their ability to bind to four carbohydrate epitopes. Ten sera bound asialo-GM1, five of these sera also bound GM1, 10 bound to 3-fucosyllactosamine (3-FL), and one each bound to levan and galactan. Although the antibody activity in each serum was associated with a single L chain isotype, both kappa and lambda isotypes were represented among the proteins that bound to asialo-GM1 and to 3-FL. Some antibodies against asialo-GM1 were highly specific for this compound, whereas others cross-reacted with the structurally related gangliosides GM1 and GD1b. The antibodies to asialo-GM1 also varied considerably in their ability to lyse liposomes that contain asialo GM1. An association of IgM mAb against gangliosides with peripheral neuropathies has been reported recently, but only one of five patients whose antibodies reacted with GM1 ganglioside had a neuropathy. The antibodies that bound 3-FL exhibited narrower specificity, and less than 10% cross reactivity was noted with structurally related carbohydrates. The frequency of monoclonal proteins that bound 3-FL and asialo-GM1, approximately 1:100 sera for each specificity, was surprisingly high in view of the fact that both of these epitopes are expressed in human tissues. We suggest that these antibodies may be poly-specific and/or that the subset of B lymphocytes that synthesizes these anti-carbohydrate antibodies undergoes malignant transformation more frequently than other B lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Marcus
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
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Marcus DM, Perry L, Gilbert S, Preud'homme JL, Kyle R. Human IgM monoclonal proteins that bind 3-fucosyllactosamine, asialo-GM1, and GM1. The Journal of Immunology 1989. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.143.9.2929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Analysis of monoclonal human Ig that occur in association with lymphoproliferative diseases has provided valuable information about antibody structure and idiotypes. We analyzed 940 human sera that contained monoclonal IgM proteins for their ability to bind to four carbohydrate epitopes. Ten sera bound asialo-GM1, five of these sera also bound GM1, 10 bound to 3-fucosyllactosamine (3-FL), and one each bound to levan and galactan. Although the antibody activity in each serum was associated with a single L chain isotype, both kappa and lambda isotypes were represented among the proteins that bound to asialo-GM1 and to 3-FL. Some antibodies against asialo-GM1 were highly specific for this compound, whereas others cross-reacted with the structurally related gangliosides GM1 and GD1b. The antibodies to asialo-GM1 also varied considerably in their ability to lyse liposomes that contain asialo GM1. An association of IgM mAb against gangliosides with peripheral neuropathies has been reported recently, but only one of five patients whose antibodies reacted with GM1 ganglioside had a neuropathy. The antibodies that bound 3-FL exhibited narrower specificity, and less than 10% cross reactivity was noted with structurally related carbohydrates. The frequency of monoclonal proteins that bound 3-FL and asialo-GM1, approximately 1:100 sera for each specificity, was surprisingly high in view of the fact that both of these epitopes are expressed in human tissues. We suggest that these antibodies may be poly-specific and/or that the subset of B lymphocytes that synthesizes these anti-carbohydrate antibodies undergoes malignant transformation more frequently than other B lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Marcus
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - L Perry
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - S Gilbert
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - J L Preud'homme
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - R Kyle
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
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Hafler DA, Johnson D, Kelly JJ, Panitch H, Kyle R, Weiner HL. Monoclonal gammopathy and neuropathy: myelin-associated glycoprotein reactivity and clinical characteristics. Neurology 1986; 36:75-8. [PMID: 2417161 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.36.1.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoblot analysis was performed on the serum from 29 patients with polyneuropathy and monoclonal gammopathy. Nine patients had IgM spikes, and six of the nine had reactivity against myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) associated with a slowly progressive, predominantly sensory neuropathy. In contrast, 23 patients who lacked anti-MAG reactivity had more severe sensory motor neuropathy. Thus, IgM monoclonal gammopathy with reactivity against MAG may define a distinct clinical entity.
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