1
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Cabukusta B, Borst Pauwels S, Akkermans JJLL, Blomberg N, Mulder AA, Koning RI, Giera M, Neefjes J. The ORP9-ORP11 dimer promotes sphingomyelin synthesis. eLife 2024; 12:RP91345. [PMID: 39106189 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous lipids are heterogeneously distributed among organelles. Most lipid trafficking between organelles is achieved by a group of lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) that carry lipids using their hydrophobic cavities. The human genome encodes many intracellular LTPs responsible for lipid trafficking and the function of many LTPs in defining cellular lipid levels and distributions is unclear. Here, we created a gene knockout library targeting 90 intracellular LTPs and performed whole-cell lipidomics analysis. This analysis confirmed known lipid disturbances and identified new ones caused by the loss of LTPs. Among these, we found major sphingolipid imbalances in ORP9 and ORP11 knockout cells, two proteins of previously unknown function in sphingolipid metabolism. ORP9 and ORP11 form a heterodimer to localize at the ER-trans-Golgi membrane contact sites, where the dimer exchanges phosphatidylserine (PS) for phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI(4)P) between the two organelles. Consequently, loss of either protein causes phospholipid imbalances in the Golgi apparatus that result in lowered sphingomyelin synthesis at this organelle. Overall, our LTP knockout library toolbox identifies various proteins in control of cellular lipid levels, including the ORP9-ORP11 heterodimer, which exchanges PS and PI(4)P at the ER-Golgi membrane contact site as a critical step in sphingomyelin synthesis in the Golgi apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birol Cabukusta
- Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Shalom Borst Pauwels
- Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jimmy J L L Akkermans
- Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Niek Blomberg
- Centre for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Aat A Mulder
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Roman I Koning
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- Centre for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jacques Neefjes
- Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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2
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Wong AM, Budin I. Organelle-Targeted Laurdans Measure Heterogeneity in Subcellular Membranes and Their Responses to Saturated Lipid Stress. ACS Chem Biol 2024. [PMID: 39069657 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.4c00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Organelles feature characteristic lipid compositions that lead to differences in membrane properties. In cells, membrane ordering and fluidity are commonly measured using the solvatochromic dye Laurdan, whose fluorescence is sensitive to lipid packing. As a general lipophilic dye, Laurdan stains all hydrophobic environments in cells; therefore, it is challenging to characterize membrane properties in specific organelles or assess their responses to pharmacological treatments in intact cells. Here, we describe the synthesis and application of Laurdan-derived probes that read out the membrane packing of individual cellular organelles. The set of organelle-targeted Laurdans (OTL) localizes to the ER, mitochondria, lysosomes, and Golgi compartments with high specificity while retaining the spectral resolution needed to detect biological changes in membrane ordering. We show that ratiometric imaging with OTLs can resolve membrane heterogeneity within organelles as well as changes in lipid packing resulting from inhibition of trafficking or bioenergetic processes. We apply these probes to characterize organelle-specific responses to saturated lipid stress. While the ER and lysosomal membrane fluidity is sensitive to exogenous saturated fatty acids, that of mitochondrial membranes is protected. We then use differences in ER membrane fluidity to sort populations of cells based on their fatty acid diet, highlighting the ability of organelle-localized solvatochromic probes to distinguish between cells based on their metabolic state. These results expand the repertoire of targeted membrane probes and demonstrate their application in interrogating lipid dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M Wong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Itay Budin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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3
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Kuo A, Hla T. Regulation of cellular and systemic sphingolipid homeostasis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024:10.1038/s41580-024-00742-y. [PMID: 38890457 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00742-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
One hundred and fifty years ago, Johann Thudichum described sphingolipids as unusual "Sphinx-like" lipids from the brain. Today, we know that thousands of sphingolipid molecules mediate many essential functions in embryonic development and normal physiology. In addition, sphingolipid metabolism and signalling pathways are dysregulated in a wide range of pathologies, and therapeutic agents that target sphingolipids are now used to treat several human diseases. However, our understanding of sphingolipid regulation at cellular and organismal levels and their functions in developmental, physiological and pathological settings is rudimentary. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in sphingolipid pathways in different organelles, how secreted sphingolipid mediators modulate physiology and disease, progress in sphingolipid-targeted therapeutic and diagnostic research, and the trans-cellular sphingolipid metabolic networks between microbiota and mammals. Advances in sphingolipid biology have led to a deeper understanding of mammalian physiology and may lead to progress in the management of many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Kuo
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timothy Hla
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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4
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Castello-Serrano I, Heberle FA, Diaz-Rohrer B, Ippolito R, Shurer CR, Lujan P, Campelo F, Levental KR, Levental I. Partitioning to ordered membrane domains regulates the kinetics of secretory traffic. eLife 2024; 12:RP89306. [PMID: 38837189 PMCID: PMC11152573 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The organelles of eukaryotic cells maintain distinct protein and lipid compositions required for their specific functions. The mechanisms by which many of these components are sorted to their specific locations remain unknown. While some motifs mediating subcellular protein localization have been identified, many membrane proteins and most membrane lipids lack known sorting determinants. A putative mechanism for sorting of membrane components is based on membrane domains known as lipid rafts, which are laterally segregated nanoscopic assemblies of specific lipids and proteins. To assess the role of such domains in the secretory pathway, we applied a robust tool for synchronized secretory protein traffic (RUSH, Retention Using Selective Hooks) to protein constructs with defined affinity for raft phases. These constructs consist solely of single-pass transmembrane domains (TMDs) and, lacking other sorting determinants, constitute probes for membrane domain-mediated trafficking. We find that while raft affinity can be sufficient for steady-state PM localization, it is not sufficient for rapid exit from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is instead mediated by a short cytosolic peptide motif. In contrast, we find that Golgi exit kinetics are highly dependent on raft affinity, with raft preferring probes exiting the Golgi ~2.5-fold faster than probes with minimal raft affinity. We rationalize these observations with a kinetic model of secretory trafficking, wherein Golgi export can be facilitated by protein association with raft domains. These observations support a role for raft-like membrane domains in the secretory pathway and establish an experimental paradigm for dissecting its underlying machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Castello-Serrano
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | | | | | - Rossana Ippolito
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Carolyn R Shurer
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Pablo Lujan
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaSpain
| | - Felix Campelo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaSpain
| | - Kandice R Levental
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Ilya Levental
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
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5
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Fougère L, Mongrand S, Boutté Y. The function of sphingolipids in membrane trafficking and cell signaling in plants, in comparison with yeast and animal cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159463. [PMID: 38281556 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are essential membrane components involved in a wide range of cellular, developmental and signaling processes. Sphingolipids are so essential that knock-out mutation often leads to lethality. In recent years, conditional or weak allele mutants as well as the broadening of the pharmacological catalog allowed to decipher sphingolipid function more precisely in a less invasive way. This review intends to provide a discussion and point of view on the function of sphingolipids with a main focus on endomembrane trafficking, Golgi-mediated protein sorting, cell polarity, cell-to-cell communication and cell signaling at the plasma membrane. While our main angle is the plant field research, we will constantly refer to and compare with the advances made in the yeast and animal field. In this review, we will emphasize the role of sphingolipids not only as a membrane component, but also as a key player at a center of homeostatic regulatory networks involving direct or indirect interaction with other lipids, proteins and ion fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Fougère
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Univ. Bordeaux, UMR 5200 CNRS, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Sebastien Mongrand
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Univ. Bordeaux, UMR 5200 CNRS, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Yohann Boutté
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Univ. Bordeaux, UMR 5200 CNRS, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
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6
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Lujan P, Garcia-Cabau C, Wakana Y, Vera Lillo J, Rodilla-Ramírez C, Sugiura H, Malhotra V, Salvatella X, Garcia-Parajo MF, Campelo F. Sorting of secretory proteins at the trans-Golgi network by human TGN46. eLife 2024; 12:RP91708. [PMID: 38466628 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Secretory proteins are sorted at the trans-Golgi network (TGN) for export into specific transport carriers. However, the molecular players involved in this fundamental process remain largely elusive. Here, we identified the human transmembrane protein TGN46 as a receptor for the export of secretory cargo protein PAUF in CARTS - a class of protein kinase D-dependent TGN-to-plasma membrane carriers. We show that TGN46 is necessary for cargo sorting and loading into nascent carriers at the TGN. By combining quantitative fluorescence microscopy and mutagenesis approaches, we further discovered that the lumenal domain of TGN46 encodes for its cargo sorting function. In summary, our results define a cellular function of TGN46 in sorting secretory proteins for export from the TGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Lujan
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Garcia-Cabau
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yuichi Wakana
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Javier Vera Lillo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Rodilla-Ramírez
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hideaki Sugiura
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Vivek Malhotra
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Salvatella
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria F Garcia-Parajo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felix Campelo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Castello-Serrano I, Heberle FA, Diaz-Rohrer B, Ippolito R, Shurer CR, Lujan P, Campelo F, Levental KR, Levental I. Partitioning to ordered membrane domains regulates the kinetics of secretory traffic. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.04.18.537395. [PMID: 37131599 PMCID: PMC10153169 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.18.537395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The organelles of eukaryotic cells maintain distinct protein and lipid compositions required for their specific functions. The mechanisms by which many of these components are sorted to their specific locations remain unknown. While some motifs mediating subcellular protein localization have been identified, many membrane proteins and most membrane lipids lack known sorting determinants. A putative mechanism for sorting of membrane components is based on membrane domains known as lipid rafts, which are laterally segregated nanoscopic assemblies of specific lipids and proteins. To assess the role of such domains in the secretory pathway, we applied a robust tool for synchronized secretory protein traffic (RUSH, Retention Using Selective Hooks) to protein constructs with defined affinity for raft phases. These constructs consist solely of single-pass transmembrane domains (TMDs) and, lacking other sorting determinants, constitute probes for membrane domain-mediated trafficking. We find that while raft affinity can be sufficient for steady-state PM localization, it is not sufficient for rapid exit from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is instead mediated by a short cytosolic peptide motif. In contrast, we find that Golgi exit kinetics are highly dependent on raft affinity, with raft preferring probes exiting Golgi ~2.5-fold faster than probes with minimal raft affinity. We rationalize these observations with a kinetic model of secretory trafficking, wherein Golgi export can be facilitated by protein association with raft domains. These observations support a role for raft-like membrane domains in the secretory pathway and establish an experimental paradigm for dissecting its underlying machinery.
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8
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Schäfer JH, Körner C, Esch BM, Limar S, Parey K, Walter S, Januliene D, Moeller A, Fröhlich F. Structure of the ceramide-bound SPOTS complex. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6196. [PMID: 37794019 PMCID: PMC10550967 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41747-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are structural membrane components that also function in cellular stress responses. The serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in sphingolipid biogenesis. Its activity is tightly regulated through multiple binding partners, including Tsc3, Orm proteins, ceramides, and the phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI4P) phosphatase Sac1. The structural organization and regulatory mechanisms of this complex are not yet understood. Here, we report the high-resolution cryo-EM structures of the yeast SPT in complex with Tsc3 and Orm1 (SPOT) as dimers and monomers and a monomeric complex further carrying Sac1 (SPOTS). In all complexes, the tight interaction of the downstream metabolite ceramide and Orm1 reveals the ceramide-dependent inhibition. Additionally, observation of ceramide and ergosterol binding suggests a co-regulation of sphingolipid biogenesis and sterol metabolism within the SPOTS complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Hannes Schäfer
- Osnabrück University Department of Biology/Chemistry Structural Biology section, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Carolin Körner
- Osnabrück University Department of Biology/Chemistry Bioanalytical Chemistry section, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Bianca M Esch
- Osnabrück University Department of Biology/Chemistry Bioanalytical Chemistry section, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Sergej Limar
- Osnabrück University Department of Biology/Chemistry Bioanalytical Chemistry section, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Kristian Parey
- Osnabrück University Department of Biology/Chemistry Structural Biology section, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
- Osnabrück University Center of Cellular Nanoanalytic Osnabrück (CellNanOs), 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Stefan Walter
- Osnabrück University Center of Cellular Nanoanalytic Osnabrück (CellNanOs), 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Dovile Januliene
- Osnabrück University Department of Biology/Chemistry Structural Biology section, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany.
- Osnabrück University Center of Cellular Nanoanalytic Osnabrück (CellNanOs), 49076, Osnabrück, Germany.
| | - Arne Moeller
- Osnabrück University Department of Biology/Chemistry Structural Biology section, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany.
- Osnabrück University Center of Cellular Nanoanalytic Osnabrück (CellNanOs), 49076, Osnabrück, Germany.
| | - Florian Fröhlich
- Osnabrück University Department of Biology/Chemistry Bioanalytical Chemistry section, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany.
- Osnabrück University Center of Cellular Nanoanalytic Osnabrück (CellNanOs), 49076, Osnabrück, Germany.
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9
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Abstract
The sorting and trafficking of lipids between organelles gives rise to a dichotomy of bulk membrane properties between organelles of the secretory and endolysosome networks, giving rise to two "membrane territories" based on differences in lipid-packing density, net membrane charge, and bilayer leaflet asymmetries. The cellular organelle membrane dichotomy emerges from ER-to-PM anterograde membrane trafficking and the synthesis of sphingolipids and cholesterol flux at the trans-Golgi network, which constitutes the interface between the two membrane territories. Organelle homeostasis is maintained by vesicle-mediated retrieval of bulk membrane from the distal organelles of each territory to the endoplasmic reticulum or plasma membrane and by soluble lipid transfer proteins that traffic particular lipids. The concept of cellular membrane territories emphasizes the contrasting features of organelle membranes of the secretory and endolysosome networks and the essential roles of lipid-sorting pathways that maintain organelle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeongho Kim
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Christopher G Burd
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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10
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Obata Y, Kurokawa K, Tojima T, Natsume M, Shiina I, Takahashi T, Abe R, Nakano A, Nishida T. Golgi retention and oncogenic KIT signaling via PLCγ2-PKD2-PI4KIIIβ activation in gastrointestinal stromal tumor cells. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113035. [PMID: 37616163 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Most gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) develop due to gain-of-function mutations in the tyrosine kinase gene, KIT. We recently showed that mutant KIT mislocalizes to the Golgi area and initiates uncontrolled signaling. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its Golgi retention remain unknown. Here, we show that protein kinase D2 (PKD2) is activated by the mutant, which causes Golgi retention of KIT. In PKD2-inhibited cells, KIT migrates from the Golgi region to lysosomes and subsequently undergoes degradation. Importantly, delocalized KIT cannot trigger downstream activation. In the Golgi/trans-Golgi network (TGN), KIT activates the PKD2-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIIβ (PKD2-PI4KIIIβ) pathway through phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2) to generate a PI4P-rich membrane domain, where the AP1-GGA1 complex is aberrantly recruited. Disruption of any factors in this cascade results in the release of KIT from the Golgi/TGN. Our findings show the molecular mechanisms underlying KIT mislocalization and provide evidence for a strategy for inhibition of oncogenic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Obata
- Laboratory of Intracellular Traffic & Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Kurokawa
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takuro Tojima
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Miyuki Natsume
- Laboratory of Intracellular Traffic & Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Isamu Shiina
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryo Abe
- Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Akihiko Nakano
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Toshirou Nishida
- National Cancer Center Hospital, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Laboratory of Nuclear Transport Dynamics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
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11
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Lin Y, Ran L, Du X, Yang H, Wu Y. Oxysterol-Binding Protein: new insights into lipid transport functions and human diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159365. [PMID: 37455011 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) mediates lipid exchange between organelles at membrane contact sites, thereby regulating lipid dynamics and homeostasis. How OSBP's lipid transfer function impacts health and disease remain to be elucidated. In this review, we first summarize the structural characteristics and lipid transport functions of OSBP, and then focus on recent progresses linking OSBP with fatty liver disease, diabetes, lysosome-related diseases, cancer and viral infections, with the aim of discovering novel therapeutic strategies for common human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Lin
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, School of Laboratory Animal & Shandong Laboratory Animal Center, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Liyuan Ran
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, School of Laboratory Animal & Shandong Laboratory Animal Center, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, National Center of Genetically Engineered Animal Models for International Research, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Ximing Du
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, the University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Hongyuan Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, the University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Yingjie Wu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, School of Laboratory Animal & Shandong Laboratory Animal Center, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, National Center of Genetically Engineered Animal Models for International Research, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China; Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York 10010, USA.
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12
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Gehin C, Lone MA, Lee W, Capolupo L, Ho S, Adeyemi AM, Gerkes EH, Stegmann AP, López-Martín E, Bermejo-Sánchez E, Martínez-Delgado B, Zweier C, Kraus C, Popp B, Strehlow V, Gräfe D, Knerr I, Jones ER, Zamuner S, Abriata LA, Kunnathully V, Moeller BE, Vocat A, Rommelaere S, Bocquete JP, Ruchti E, Limoni G, Van Campenhoudt M, Bourgeat S, Henklein P, Gilissen C, van Bon BW, Pfundt R, Willemsen MH, Schieving JH, Leonardi E, Soli F, Murgia A, Guo H, Zhang Q, Xia K, Fagerberg CR, Beier CP, Larsen MJ, Valenzuela I, Fernández-Álvarez P, Xiong S, Śmigiel R, López-González V, Armengol L, Morleo M, Selicorni A, Torella A, Blyth M, Cooper NS, Wilson V, Oegema R, Herenger Y, Garde A, Bruel AL, Tran Mau-Them F, Maddocks AB, Bain JM, Bhat MA, Costain G, Kannu P, Marwaha A, Champaigne NL, Friez MJ, Richardson EB, Gowda VK, Srinivasan VM, Gupta Y, Lim TY, Sanna-Cherchi S, Lemaitre B, Yamaji T, Hanada K, Burke JE, Jakšić AM, McCabe BD, De Los Rios P, Hornemann T, D’Angelo G, Gennarino VA. CERT1 mutations perturb human development by disrupting sphingolipid homeostasis. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e165019. [PMID: 36976648 PMCID: PMC10178846 DOI: 10.1172/jci165019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural differentiation, synaptic transmission, and action potential propagation depend on membrane sphingolipids, whose metabolism is tightly regulated. Mutations in the ceramide transporter CERT (CERT1), which is involved in sphingolipid biosynthesis, are associated with intellectual disability, but the pathogenic mechanism remains obscure. Here, we characterize 31 individuals with de novo missense variants in CERT1. Several variants fall into a previously uncharacterized dimeric helical domain that enables CERT homeostatic inactivation, without which sphingolipid production goes unchecked. The clinical severity reflects the degree to which CERT autoregulation is disrupted, and inhibiting CERT pharmacologically corrects morphological and motor abnormalities in a Drosophila model of the disease, which we call ceramide transporter (CerTra) syndrome. These findings uncover a central role for CERT autoregulation in the control of sphingolipid biosynthetic flux, provide unexpected insight into the structural organization of CERT, and suggest a possible therapeutic approach for patients with CerTra syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Gehin
- Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Museer A. Lone
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Winston Lee
- Department of Genetics and Development and
- Department Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Laura Capolupo
- Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvia Ho
- Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adekemi M. Adeyemi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Erica H. Gerkes
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Alexander P.A. Stegmann
- Department of Clinical Genetics and School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Estrella López-Martín
- Institute of Rare Diseases Research (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Bermejo-Sánchez
- Institute of Rare Diseases Research (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Christiane Zweier
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Human Genetics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Kraus
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernt Popp
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center of Functional Genomics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vincent Strehlow
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Gräfe
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ina Knerr
- National Centre for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Children’s Health Ireland (CHI) at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eppie R. Jones
- Genuity Science, Cherrywood Business Park, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stefano Zamuner
- Institute of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, École Polytechnique Féderale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luciano A. Abriata
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Modeling and Protein Purification and Structure Facility, EPFL and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Vidya Kunnathully
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Brandon E. Moeller
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Anthony Vocat
- Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Evelyne Ruchti
- Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Greta Limoni
- Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Samuel Bourgeat
- Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Petra Henklein
- Berlin Institute of Health, Institut für Biochemie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Gilissen
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Bregje W. van Bon
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Rolph Pfundt
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Jolanda H. Schieving
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Amalia Children’s Hospital and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Emanuela Leonardi
- Molecular Genetics of Neurodevelopment, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica (IRP), Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Soli
- Medical Genetics Department, APSS Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Alessandra Murgia
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica (IRP), Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Hui Guo
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiumeng Zhang
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kun Xia
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Christina R. Fagerberg
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christoph P. Beier
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin J. Larsen
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Irene Valenzuela
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital Vall d′Hebron, Medicine Genetics Group, Valle Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Fernández-Álvarez
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital Vall d′Hebron, Medicine Genetics Group, Valle Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shiyi Xiong
- Fetal Medicine Unit and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Robert Śmigiel
- Department of Family and Pediatric Nursing, Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Vanesa López-González
- Sección de Genética Médica, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, CIBERER-ISCIII, Murcia, Spain
| | - Lluís Armengol
- Quantitative Genomic Medicine Laboratories, S.L., CSO & CEO, Esplugues del Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Manuela Morleo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,” Naples, Italy
| | - Angelo Selicorni
- Department of Pediatrics, ASST Lariana Sant’ Anna Hospital, San Fermo Della Battaglia, Como, Italy
| | - Annalaura Torella
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,” Naples, Italy
| | - Moira Blyth
- North of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Clinical Genetics Centre, Ashgrove House, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola S. Cooper
- W Midlands Clinical Genetics Service, Birmingham Women’s Hospital, Edgbaston Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie Wilson
- Northern Regional Genetics Laboratory, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Renske Oegema
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Yvan Herenger
- Genetica AG, Humangenetisches Labor und Beratungsstelle, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Aurore Garde
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, FHU TRANSLAD, Hôpital d’Enfants, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
- UMR1231 GAD, INSERM – Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Ange-Line Bruel
- UMR1231 GAD, INSERM – Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
- Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Frederic Tran Mau-Them
- UMR1231 GAD, INSERM – Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
- Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Alexis B.R. Maddocks
- Department of Radiology at Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Bain
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Musadiq A. Bhat
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gregory Costain
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Kannu
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ashish Marwaha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Neena L. Champaigne
- Greenwood Genetic Center and the Medical University of South Carolina, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
| | - Michael J. Friez
- Greenwood Genetic Center and the Medical University of South Carolina, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ellen B. Richardson
- Greenwood Genetic Center and the Medical University of South Carolina, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
| | - Vykuntaraju K. Gowda
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Yask Gupta
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tze Y. Lim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Simone Sanna-Cherchi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Toshiyuki Yamaji
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Hanada
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - John E. Burke
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ana Marjia Jakšić
- Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Brian D. McCabe
- Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paolo De Los Rios
- Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, École Polytechnique Féderale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Hornemann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni D’Angelo
- Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences and
| | - Vincenzo A. Gennarino
- Department of Genetics and Development and
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Neurology
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, and
- Initiative for Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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13
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Vos M, Klein C, Hicks AA. Role of Ceramides and Sphingolipids in Parkinson's Disease. J Mol Biol 2023:168000. [PMID: 36764358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids, including the basic ceramide, are a subset of bioactive lipids that consist of many different species. Sphingolipids are indispensable for proper neuronal function, and an increasing number of studies have emerged on the complexity and importance of these lipids in (almost) all biological processes. These include regulation of mitochondrial function, autophagy, and endosomal trafficking, which are affected in Parkinson's disease (PD). PD is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons. Currently, PD cannot be cured due to the lack of knowledge of the exact pathogenesis. Nonetheless, important advances have identified molecular changes in mitochondrial function, autophagy, and endosomal function. Furthermore, recent studies have identified ceramide alterations in patients suffering from PD, and in PD models, suggesting a critical interaction between sphingolipids and related cellular processes in PD. For instance, autosomal recessive forms of PD cause mitochondrial dysfunction, including energy production or mitochondrial clearance, that is directly influenced by manipulating sphingolipids. Additionally, endo-lysosomal recycling is affected by genes that cause autosomal dominant forms of the disease, such as VPS35 and SNCA. Furthermore, endo-lysosomal recycling is crucial for transporting sphingolipids to different cellular compartments where they will execute their functions. This review will discuss mitochondrial dysfunction, defects in autophagy, and abnormal endosomal activity in PD and the role sphingolipids play in these vital molecular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Vos
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany.
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Andrew A Hicks
- Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany), Eurac Research, 39100 Bolzano, Italy. https://twitter.com/andrewhicks
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14
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Subra M, Dezi M, Bigay J, Lacas-Gervais S, Di Cicco A, Araújo ARD, Abélanet S, Fleuriot L, Debayle D, Gautier R, Patel A, Roussi F, Antonny B, Lévy D, Mesmin B. VAP-A intrinsically disordered regions enable versatile tethering at membrane contact sites. Dev Cell 2023; 58:121-138.e9. [PMID: 36693319 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Membrane contact sites (MCSs) are heterogeneous in shape, composition, and dynamics. Despite this diversity, VAP proteins act as receptors for multiple FFAT motif-containing proteins and drive the formation of most MCSs that involve the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Although the VAP-FFAT interaction is well characterized, no model explains how VAP adapts to its partners in various MCSs. We report that VAP-A localization to different MCSs depends on its intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) in human cells. VAP-A interaction with PTPIP51 and VPS13A at ER-mitochondria MCS conditions mitochondria fusion by promoting lipid transfer and cardiolipin buildup. VAP-A also enables lipid exchange at ER-Golgi MCS by interacting with oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) and CERT. However, removing IDRs from VAP-A restricts its distribution and function to ER-mitochondria MCS. Our data suggest that IDRs do not modulate VAP-A preference toward specific partners but do adjust their geometry to MCS organization and lifetime constraints. Thus, IDR-mediated VAP-A conformational flexibility ensures membrane tethering plasticity and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélody Subra
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 660 route des lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Manuela Dezi
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Joëlle Bigay
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 660 route des lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Sandra Lacas-Gervais
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Commun de Microscopie Appliquée, Parc Valrose, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Aurélie Di Cicco
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ana Rita Dias Araújo
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 660 route des lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Sophie Abélanet
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 660 route des lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Lucile Fleuriot
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 660 route des lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Delphine Debayle
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 660 route des lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Romain Gautier
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 660 route des lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Amanda Patel
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 660 route des lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Fanny Roussi
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Bruno Antonny
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 660 route des lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Daniel Lévy
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Mesmin
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 660 route des lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France.
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15
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Creating and sensing asymmetric lipid distributions throughout the cell. Emerg Top Life Sci 2022; 7:7-19. [PMID: 36373850 DOI: 10.1042/etls20220028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A key feature of eukaryotic cells is the asymmetric distribution of lipids along their secretory pathway. Because of the biological significance of these asymmetries, it is crucial to define the mechanisms which create them. Extensive studies have led to the identification of lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) that work with lipid-synthesizing enzymes to carry lipids between two distinct membranes in a directional manner, and are thus able to create asymmetries in lipid distribution throughout the cell. These networks are often in contact sites where two organelle membranes are in close proximity for reasons we have only recently started to understand. A question is whether these networks transfer lipids en masse within the cells or adjust the lipid composition of organelle membranes. Finally, recent data have confirmed that some networks organized around LTPs do not generate lipid asymmetries between membranes but sense them and rectify the lipid content of the cell.
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16
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Anwar MU, Sergeeva OA, Abrami L, Mesquita FS, Lukonin I, Amen T, Chuat A, Capolupo L, Liberali P, D'Angelo G, van der Goot FG. ER-Golgi-localized proteins TMED2 and TMED10 control the formation of plasma membrane lipid nanodomains. Dev Cell 2022; 57:2334-2346.e8. [PMID: 36174556 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
To promote infections, pathogens exploit host cell machineries such as structural elements of the plasma membrane. Studying these interactions and identifying molecular players are ideal for gaining insights into the fundamental biology of the host cell. Here, we used the anthrax toxin to screen a library of 1,500 regulatory, cell-surface, and membrane trafficking genes for their involvement in the intoxication process. We found that endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi-localized proteins TMED2 and TMED10 are required for toxin oligomerization at the plasma membrane of human cells, an essential step dependent on localization to cholesterol-rich lipid nanodomains. Biochemical, morphological, and mechanistic analyses showed that TMED2 and TMED10 are essential components of a supercomplex that operates the exchange of both cholesterol and ceramides at ER-Golgi membrane contact sites. Overall, this study of anthrax intoxication led to the discovery that lipid compositional remodeling at ER-Golgi interfaces fully controls the formation of functional membrane nanodomains at the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad U Anwar
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Oksana A Sergeeva
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Abrami
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francisco S Mesquita
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ilya Lukonin
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), 4058 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Triana Amen
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Audrey Chuat
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laura Capolupo
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Prisca Liberali
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), 4058 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni D'Angelo
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - F Gisou van der Goot
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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17
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Plasma membrane effects of sphingolipid-synthesis inhibition by myriocin in CHO cells: a biophysical and lipidomic study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:955. [PMID: 35046440 PMCID: PMC8770663 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04648-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppression of a specific gene effect can be achieved by genetic as well as chemical methods. Each approach may hide unexpected drawbacks, usually in the form of side effects. In the present study, the specific inhibitor myriocin was used to block serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), the first enzyme in the sphingolipid synthetic pathway, in CHO cells. The subsequent biophysical changes in plasma membranes were measured and compared with results obtained with a genetically modified CHO cell line containing a defective SPT (the LY-B cell line). Similar effects were observed with both approaches: sphingomyelin values were markedly decreased in myriocin-treated CHO cells and, in consequence, their membrane molecular order (measured as laurdan general polarization) and mechanical resistance (AFM-measured breakthrough force values) became lower than in the native, non-treated cells. Cells treated with myriocin reacted homeostatically to maintain membrane order, synthesizing more fully saturated and less polyunsaturated GPL than the non-treated ones, although they achieved it only partially, their plasma membranes remaining slightly more fluid and more penetrable than those from the control cells. The good agreement between results obtained with very different tools, such as genetically modified and chemically treated cells, reinforces the use of both methods and demonstrates that both are adequate for their intended use, i.e. the complete and specific inhibition of sphingolipid synthesis in CHO cells, without apparent unexpected effects.
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18
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Chung LH, Liu D, Liu XT, Qi Y. Ceramide Transfer Protein (CERT): An Overlooked Molecular Player in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13184. [PMID: 34947980 PMCID: PMC8705978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are a class of essential lipids implicated in constructing cellular membranes and regulating nearly all cellular functions. Sphingolipid metabolic network is centered with the ceramide-sphingomyelin axis. Ceramide is well-recognized as a pro-apoptotic signal; while sphingomyelin, as the most abundant type of sphingolipids, is required for cell growth. Therefore, the balance between these two sphingolipids can be critical for cancer cell survival and functioning. Ceramide transfer protein (CERT) dictates the ratio of ceramide to sphingomyelin within the cell. It is the only lipid transfer protein that specifically delivers ceramide from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus, where ceramide serves as the substrate for sphingomyelin synthesis. In the past two decades, an increasing body of evidence has suggested a critical role of CERT in cancer, but much more intensive efforts are required to draw a definite conclusion. Herein, we review all research findings of CERT, focusing on its molecular structure, cellular functions and implications in cancer. This comprehensive review of CERT will help to better understand the molecular mechanism of cancer and inspire to identify novel druggable targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Hoa Chung
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (D.L.); (X.T.L.)
| | | | | | - Yanfei Qi
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (D.L.); (X.T.L.)
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19
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Lujan P, Campelo F. Should I stay or should I go? Golgi membrane spatial organization for protein sorting and retention. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 707:108921. [PMID: 34038703 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi complex is the membrane-bound organelle that lies at the center of the secretory pathway. Its main functions are to maintain cellular lipid homeostasis, to orchestrate protein processing and maturation, and to mediate protein sorting and export. These functions are not independent of one another, and they all require that the membranes of the Golgi complex have a well-defined biochemical composition. Importantly, a finely-regulated spatiotemporal organization of the Golgi membrane components is essential for the correct performance of the organelle. In here, we review our current mechanistic and molecular understanding of how Golgi membranes are spatially organized in the lateral and axial directions to fulfill their functions. In particular, we highlight the current evidence and proposed models of intra-Golgi transport, as well as the known mechanisms for the retention of Golgi residents and for the sorting and export of transmembrane cargo proteins. Despite the controversies, conflicting evidence, clashes between models, and technical limitations, the field has moved forward and we have gained extensive knowledge in this fascinating topic. However, there are still many important questions that remain to be completely answered. We hope that this review will help boost future investigations on these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Lujan
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Felix Campelo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Barcelona, Spain.
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20
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Ito Y, Esnay N, Fougère L, Platre MP, Cordelières F, Jaillais Y, Boutté Y. Inhibition of Very Long Chain Fatty Acids Synthesis Mediates PI3P Homeostasis at Endosomal Compartments. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168450. [PMID: 34445155 PMCID: PMC8395082 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A main characteristic of sphingolipids is the presence of a very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) whose function in cellular processes is not yet fully understood. VLCFAs of sphingolipids are involved in the intracellular traffic to the vacuole and the maturation of early endosomes into late endosomes is one of the major pathways for vacuolar traffic. Additionally, the anionic phospholipid phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PtdIns (3)P or PI3P) is involved in protein sorting and recruitment of small GTPase effectors at late endosomes/multivesicular bodies (MVBs) during vacuolar trafficking. In contrast to animal cells, PI3P mainly localizes to late endosomes in plant cells and to a minor extent to a discrete sub-domain of the plant's early endosome (EE)/trans-Golgi network (TGN) where the endosomal maturation occurs. However, the mechanisms that control the relative levels of PI3P between TGN and MVBs are unknown. Using metazachlor, an inhibitor of VLCFA synthesis, we found that VLCFAs are involved in the TGN/MVB distribution of PI3P. This effect is independent from either synthesis of PI3P by PI3-kinase or degradation of PI(3,5)P2 into PI3P by the SUPPRESSOR OF ACTIN1 (SAC1) phosphatase. Using high-resolution live cell imaging microscopy, we detected transient associations between TGNs and MVBs but VLCFAs are not involved in those interactions. Nonetheless, our results suggest that PI3P might be transferable from TGN to MVBs and that VLCFAs act in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Ito
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (Y.I.); (N.E.); (L.F.)
| | - Nicolas Esnay
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (Y.I.); (N.E.); (L.F.)
- BioDiscovery Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Louise Fougère
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (Y.I.); (N.E.); (L.F.)
| | - Matthieu Pierre Platre
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon1, CNRS, INRAE, 69342 Lyon, France; (M.P.P.); (Y.J.)
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory and Integrative Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Fabrice Cordelières
- Bordeaux Imaging Center, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, 33000 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon1, CNRS, INRAE, 69342 Lyon, France; (M.P.P.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yohann Boutté
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (Y.I.); (N.E.); (L.F.)
- Correspondence:
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21
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Ramazanov BR, Tran ML, von Blume J. Sending out molecules from the TGN. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 71:55-62. [PMID: 33706234 PMCID: PMC8328904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The sorting of secreted cargo proteins and their export from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) remains an enigma in the field of membrane trafficking; although the sorting mechanisms of many transmembrane proteins have been well described. The sorting of secreted proteins at the TGN is crucial for the release of signaling factors, as well as extracellular matrix proteins. These proteins are required for cell-cell communication and integrity of an organism. Missecretion of these factors can cause diseases such as neurological disorders, autoimmune disease, or cancer. The major open question is how soluble proteins that are not associated with the membrane are packed into TGN derived transport carriers to facilitate their transport to the plasma membrane. Recent investigations have identified novel types of protein and lipid machinery that facilitate the packing of these molecules into a TGN derived vesicle. In addition, novel research has uncovered an exciting link between cargo sorting and export in which TGN structure and dynamics, as well as TGN/endoplasmic reticulum contact sites, play a significant role. Here, we have reviewed the progress made in our understanding of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulat R Ramazanov
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mai Ly Tran
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Julia von Blume
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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22
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Backman APE, Mattjus P. Who moves the sphinx? An overview of intracellular sphingolipid transport. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:159021. [PMID: 34339859 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lipid bilayers function as boundaries that enclose their content from the surrounding media, and the composition of different membrane types is accurately and dynamically tailored so that they can perform their function. To achieve this balance, lipid biosynthetic machinery and lipid trafficking events are intertwined into an elegant network. In this review, we focus on the intracellular movement of sphingolipids mediated by sphingolipid transfer proteins. Additionally, we will focus on the best characterized and understood mammalian sphingolipid transfer proteins and provide an overview of how they are hypothesized to function. Some are already well understood, while others remain enigmatic. A few are actual lipid transfer proteins, moving lipids from membrane to membrane, while others may have more of a sensor role, possibly reacting to changes in the concentrations of their ligands. Considering the substrates available for cytosolic sphingolipid transfer proteins, one open question that is discussed is whether galactosylceramide is a target. Another question is the exact mechanics by which sphingolipid transfer proteins are targeted to different organelles, such as how four phosphate adapter protein-2, FAPP2 is targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum. The aim of this review is to discuss what is known within the field today and to provide a basic understanding of how these proteins may work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders P E Backman
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Peter Mattjus
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
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23
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Adarska P, Wong-Dilworth L, Bottanelli F. ARF GTPases and Their Ubiquitous Role in Intracellular Trafficking Beyond the Golgi. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:679046. [PMID: 34368129 PMCID: PMC8339471 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.679046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular switches of the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) GTPase family coordinate intracellular trafficking at all sorting stations along the secretory pathway, from the ER-Golgi-intermediate compartment (ERGIC) to the plasma membrane (PM). Their GDP-GTP switch is essential to trigger numerous processes, including membrane deformation, cargo sorting and recruitment of downstream coat proteins and effectors, such as lipid modifying enzymes. While ARFs (in particular ARF1) had mainly been studied in the context of coat protein recruitment at the Golgi, COPI/clathrin-independent roles have emerged in the last decade. Here we review the roles of human ARF1-5 GTPases in cellular trafficking with a particular emphasis on their roles in post-Golgi secretory trafficking and in sorting in the endo-lysosomal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petia Adarska
- Institut für Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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24
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Monasterio BG, Jiménez-Rojo N, García-Arribas AB, Riezman H, Goñi FM, Alonso A. CHO/LY-B cell growth under limiting sphingolipid supply: Correlation between lipid composition and biophysical properties of sphingolipid-restricted cell membranes. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21657. [PMID: 34010474 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001879rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SL) are ubiquitous in mammalian cell membranes, yet there is little data on the behavior of cells under SL-restriction conditions. LY-B cells derive from a CHO linein whichserine palmitoyl transferase (SPT), thus de novo SL synthesis, is suppressed, while maintaining the capacity of taking up and metabolizing exogenous sphingoid bases from the culture medium. In this study, LY-B cells were adapted to grow in a fetal bovine serum (FBS)-deficient medium to avoid external uptake of lipids. The lowest FBS concentration that allowed LY-B cell growth, though at a slow rate, under our conditions was 0.04%, that is, 250-fold less than the standard (10%) concentration. Cells grown under limiting SL concentrations remained viable for at least 72 hours. Enriching with sphingomyelin the SL-deficient medium allowed the recovery of growth rates analogous to those of control LY-B cells. Studies including whole cells, plasma membrane preparations, and derived lipid vesicles were carried out. Laurdan fluorescence was recorded to measure membrane molecular order, showing a significant decrease in the rigidity of LY-B cells, not only in plasma membrane but also in whole cell lipid extract, as a result of SL limitation in the growth medium. Plasma membrane preparations and whole cell lipid extracts were also studied using atomic force microscopy in the force spectroscopy mode. Force measurements demonstrated that lower breakthrough forces were required to penetrate samples obtained from SL-poor LY-B cells than those obtained from control cells. Mass-spectroscopic analysis was also a helpful tool to understand the rearrangement undergone by the LY-B cell lipid metabolism. The most abundant SL in LY-B cells, sphingomyelin, decreased by about 85% as a result of SL limitation in the medium, the bioactive lipid ceramide and the ganglioside precursor hexosylceramide decreased similarly, together with cholesterol. Quantitative SL analysis showed that a 250-fold reduction in sphingolipid supply to LY-B cells led only to a sixfold decrease in membrane sphingolipids, underlining the resistance to changes in composition of these cells. Plasma membrane compositions exhibited similar changes, at least qualitatively, as the whole cells with SL restriction. A linear correlation was observed between the sphingomyelin concentration in the membranes, the degree of lipid order as measured by laurdan fluorescence, and membrane breakthrough forces assessed by atomic force microscopy. Smaller, though significant, changes were also detected in glycerophospholipids under SL-restriction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingen G Monasterio
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Spain
| | - Noemi Jiménez-Rojo
- NCCR Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aritz B García-Arribas
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Spain
| | - Howard Riezman
- NCCR Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Félix M Goñi
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Spain
| | - Alicia Alonso
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Spain
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25
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Ito Y, Esnay N, Platre MP, Wattelet-Boyer V, Noack LC, Fougère L, Menzel W, Claverol S, Fouillen L, Moreau P, Jaillais Y, Boutté Y. Sphingolipids mediate polar sorting of PIN2 through phosphoinositide consumption at the trans-Golgi network. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4267. [PMID: 34257291 PMCID: PMC8277843 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24548-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The lipid composition of organelles acts as a landmark to define membrane identity and specify subcellular function. Phosphoinositides are anionic lipids acting in protein sorting and trafficking at the trans-Golgi network (TGN). In animal cells, sphingolipids control the turnover of phosphoinositides through lipid exchange mechanisms at endoplasmic reticulum/TGN contact sites. In this study, we discover a mechanism for how sphingolipids mediate phosphoinositide homeostasis at the TGN in plant cells. Using multiple approaches, we show that a reduction of the acyl-chain length of sphingolipids results in an increased level of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PtdIns(4)P or PI4P) at the TGN but not of other lipids usually coupled to PI4P during exchange mechanisms. We show that sphingolipids mediate Phospholipase C (PLC)-driven consumption of PI4P at the TGN rather than local PI4P synthesis and that this mechanism is involved in the polar sorting of the auxin efflux carrier PIN2 at the TGN. Together, our data identify a mode of action of sphingolipids in lipid interplay at the TGN during protein sorting. Lipid composition impacts the function of cellular membranes. Here the authors show that a reduction in sphingolipid acyl-chain length promotes phosphoinositide consumption by phospholipase C at the Arabidopsis trans-Golgi network which in turn regulates sorting of the auxin efflux carrier PIN2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Ito
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Nicolas Esnay
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France.,BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Matthieu Pierre Platre
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon, France.,Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory and Integrative Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Lise C Noack
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon, France
| | - Louise Fougère
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Wilhelm Menzel
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France.,Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Laetitia Fouillen
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France.,MetaboHub-Bordeaux Metabolome INRAE, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Patrick Moreau
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France.,Bordeaux Imaging Centre, Plant Imaging Platform, UMS 3420 University of Bordeaux-CNRS, INRAE, Villenave-d'Ornon Cedex, France
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon, France
| | - Yohann Boutté
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
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26
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The PKD-Dependent Biogenesis of TGN-to-Plasma Membrane Transport Carriers. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071618. [PMID: 34203456 PMCID: PMC8303525 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane trafficking is essential for processing and transport of proteins and lipids and to establish cell compartmentation and tissue organization. Cells respond to their needs and control the quantity and quality of protein secretion accordingly. In this review, we focus on a particular membrane trafficking route from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to the cell surface: protein kinase D (PKD)-dependent pathway for constitutive secretion mediated by carriers of the TGN to the cell surface (CARTS). Recent findings highlight the importance of lipid signaling by organelle membrane contact sites (MCSs) in this pathway. Finally, we discuss our current understanding of multiple signaling pathways for membrane trafficking regulation mediated by PKD, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), growth factors, metabolites, and mechanosensors.
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27
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Wakana Y, Hayashi K, Nemoto T, Watanabe C, Taoka M, Angulo-Capel J, Garcia-Parajo MF, Kumata H, Umemura T, Inoue H, Arasaki K, Campelo F, Tagaya M. The ER cholesterol sensor SCAP promotes CARTS biogenesis at ER-Golgi membrane contact sites. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:211521. [PMID: 33156328 PMCID: PMC7654440 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202002150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to cholesterol deprivation, SCAP escorts SREBP transcription factors from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex for their proteolytic activation, leading to gene expression for cholesterol synthesis and uptake. Here, we show that in cholesterol-fed cells, ER-localized SCAP interacts through Sac1 phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) phosphatase with a VAP-OSBP complex, which mediates counter-transport of ER cholesterol and Golgi PI4P at ER-Golgi membrane contact sites (MCSs). SCAP knockdown inhibited the turnover of PI4P, perhaps due to a cholesterol transport defect, and altered the subcellular distribution of the VAP-OSBP complex. As in the case of perturbation of lipid transfer complexes at ER-Golgi MCSs, SCAP knockdown inhibited the biogenesis of the trans-Golgi network-derived transport carriers CARTS, which was reversed by expression of wild-type SCAP or a Golgi transport-defective mutant, but not of cholesterol sensing-defective mutants. Altogether, our findings reveal a new role for SCAP under cholesterol-fed conditions in the facilitation of CARTS biogenesis via ER-Golgi MCSs, depending on the ER cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Wakana
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaito Hayashi
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Nemoto
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiaki Watanabe
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Taoka
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jessica Angulo-Capel
- Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria F Garcia-Parajo
- Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hidetoshi Kumata
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonari Umemura
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Inoue
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Arasaki
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Felix Campelo
- Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mitsuo Tagaya
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Lujan P, Angulo-Capel J, Chabanon M, Campelo F. Interorganelle communication and membrane shaping in the early secretory pathway. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 71:95-102. [PMID: 33711785 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecules in the secretory pathway use membrane trafficking for reaching their final intracellular destination or for secretion outside the cell. This highly dynamic and multipartite process involves different organelles that communicate to one another while maintaining their identity, shape, and function. Recent studies unraveled new mechanisms of interorganelle communication that help organize the early secretory pathway. We highlight how the spatial proximity between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit sites and early Golgi elements provides novel means of ER-Golgi communication for ER export. We also review recent findings on how membrane contact sites between the ER and the trans-Golgi membranes can sustain anterograde traffic out of the Golgi complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Lujan
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jessica Angulo-Capel
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Morgan Chabanon
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felix Campelo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Barcelona, Spain.
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29
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Abstract
Glycosphingolipids are amphiphilic plasma membrane components formed by a glycan linked to a specific lipid moiety. In this chapter we report on these compounds, on their role played in our cells to maintain the correct cell biology.In detail, we report on their structure, on their metabolic processes, on their interaction with proteins and from this, their property to modulate positively in health and negatively in disease, the cell signaling and cell biology.
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30
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David Y, Castro IG, Schuldiner M. The Fast and the Furious: Golgi Contact Sites. CONTACT (THOUSAND OAKS (VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.)) 2021; 4:1-15. [PMID: 35071979 PMCID: PMC7612241 DOI: 10.1177/25152564211034424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Contact sites are areas of close apposition between two membranes that coordinate nonvesicular communication between organelles. Such interactions serve a wide range of cellular functions from regulating metabolic pathways to executing stress responses and coordinating organelle inheritance. The past decade has seen a dramatic increase in information on certain contact sites, mostly those involving the endoplasmic reticulum. However, despite its central role in the secretory pathway, the Golgi apparatus and its contact sites remain largely unexplored. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of Golgi contact sites and share our thoughts as to why Golgi contact sites are understudied. We also highlight what exciting future directions may exist in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yotam David
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Inês G Castro
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maya Schuldiner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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31
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Mamode Cassim A, Grison M, Ito Y, Simon-Plas F, Mongrand S, Boutté Y. Sphingolipids in plants: a guidebook on their function in membrane architecture, cellular processes, and environmental or developmental responses. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:3719-3738. [PMID: 33151562 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are fundamental lipids involved in various cellular, developmental and stress-response processes. As such, they orchestrate not only vital molecular mechanisms of living cells but also act in diseases, thus qualifying as potential pharmaceutical targets. Sphingolipids are universal to eukaryotes and are also present in some prokaryotes. Some sphingolipid structures are conserved between animals, plants and fungi, whereas others are found only in plants and fungi. In plants, the structural diversity of sphingolipids, as well as their downstream effectors and molecular and cellular mechanisms of action, are of tremendous interest to both basic and applied researchers, as about half of all small molecules in clinical use originate from plants. Here, we review recent advances towards a better understanding of the biosynthesis of sphingolipids, the diversity in their structures as well as their functional roles in membrane architecture, cellular processes such as membrane trafficking and cell polarity, and cell responses to environmental or developmental signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adiilah Mamode Cassim
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, ERL 6003 CNRS, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Magali Grison
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Yoko Ito
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Francoise Simon-Plas
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, ERL 6003 CNRS, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Yohann Boutté
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave d'Ornon, France
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32
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Brügger B. Membrane Biology: Disentangling Cellular Lipid Connections. Curr Biol 2020; 30:R1090-R1092. [PMID: 33022243 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Biological membranes consist of a surprisingly high number of different lipid species. Little is known about how individual lipids cooperate in modulating cellular functions. A new study suggests an intricate interplay of sphingolipids with ether lipids in vesicular transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Brügger
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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33
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Jiménez-Rojo N, Leonetti MD, Zoni V, Colom A, Feng S, Iyengar NR, Matile S, Roux A, Vanni S, Weissman JS, Riezman H. Conserved Functions of Ether Lipids and Sphingolipids in the Early Secretory Pathway. Curr Biol 2020; 30:3775-3787.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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34
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Delfosse V, Bourguet W, Drin G. Structural and Functional Specialization of OSBP-Related Proteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2515256420946627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are precisely distributed in the eukaryotic cell where they help to define organelle identity and function, in addition to their structural role. Once synthesized, many lipids must be delivered to other compartments by non-vesicular routes, a process that is undertaken by proteins called Lipid Transfer Proteins (LTPs). OSBP and the closely-related ORP and Osh proteins constitute a major, evolutionarily conserved family of LTPs in eukaryotes. Most of these target one or more subcellular regions, and membrane contact sites in particular, where two organelle membranes are in close proximity. It was initially thought that such proteins were strictly dedicated to sterol sensing or transport. However, over the last decade, numerous studies have revealed that these proteins have many more functions, and we have expanded our understanding of their mechanisms. In particular, many of them are lipid exchangers that exploit PI(4)P or possibly other phosphoinositide gradients to directionally transfer sterol or PS between two compartments. Importantly, these transfer activities are tightly coupled to processes such as lipid metabolism, cellular signalling and vesicular trafficking. This review describes the molecular architecture of OSBP/ORP/Osh proteins, showing how their specific structural features and internal configurations impart unique cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Delfosse
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Inserm, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - William Bourguet
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Inserm, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Drin
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d’Azur, Valbonne, France
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35
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Lipp NF, Ikhlef S, Milanini J, Drin G. Lipid Exchangers: Cellular Functions and Mechanistic Links With Phosphoinositide Metabolism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:663. [PMID: 32793602 PMCID: PMC7385082 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are amphiphilic molecules that self-assemble to form biological membranes. Thousands of lipid species coexist in the cell and, once combined, define organelle identity. Due to recent progress in lipidomic analysis, we now know how lipid composition is finely tuned in different subcellular regions. Along with lipid synthesis, remodeling and flip-flop, lipid transfer is one of the active processes that regulates this intracellular lipid distribution. It is mediated by Lipid Transfer Proteins (LTPs) that precisely move certain lipid species across the cytosol and between the organelles. A particular subset of LTPs from three families (Sec14, PITP, OSBP/ORP/Osh) act as lipid exchangers. A striking feature of these exchangers is that they use phosphatidylinositol or phosphoinositides (PIPs) as a lipid ligand and thereby have specific links with PIP metabolism and are thus able to both control the lipid composition of cellular membranes and their signaling capacity. As a result, they play pivotal roles in cellular processes such as vesicular trafficking and signal transduction at the plasma membrane. Recent data have shown that some PIPs are used as energy by lipid exchangers to generate lipid gradients between organelles. Here we describe the importance of lipid counter-exchange in the cell, its structural basis, and presumed links with pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas-Frédéric Lipp
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Souade Ikhlef
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Julie Milanini
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Guillaume Drin
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
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36
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Bohnert M. Tether Me, Tether Me Not—Dynamic Organelle Contact Sites in Metabolic Rewiring. Dev Cell 2020; 54:212-225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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37
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Masone MC, Morra V, Venditti R. Illuminating the membrane contact sites between the endoplasmic reticulum and the trans-Golgi network. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:3135-3148. [PMID: 31610025 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Membrane contact sites (MCSs) between different organelles have been identified and extensively studied over the last decade. Several classes of MCSs have now well-established roles, although the contacts between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the trans-side of the Golgi network (TGN) have long remained elusive. Until recently, the study of ER-TGN contact sites has represented a major challenge in the field, as a result of the lack of suitable visualization and isolation techniques. Only in the last 5 years has the combination of advanced technologies and innovative approaches permitted the identification of new molecular players and the functions of ER-TGN MCSs that couple lipid metabolism and anterograde transport. Although much has yet to be discovered, it is now established that ER-TGN MCSs control phosphatidyl-4-phosphate homeostasis by coupling the cis and the trans activity of the ER-resident 4-phosphatase Sac1. In this review, we focus on recent advances on the composition and function of ER-TGN MCSs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valentina Morra
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Rossella Venditti
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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38
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The Great Escape: how phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases and PI4P promote vesicle exit from the Golgi (and drive cancer). Biochem J 2019; 476:2321-2346. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) is a membrane glycerophospholipid and a major regulator of the characteristic appearance of the Golgi complex as well as its vesicular trafficking, signalling and metabolic functions. Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases, and in particular the PI4KIIIβ isoform, act in concert with PI4P to recruit macromolecular complexes to initiate the biogenesis of trafficking vesicles for several Golgi exit routes. Dysregulation of Golgi PI4P metabolism and the PI4P protein interactome features in many cancers and is often associated with tumour progression and a poor prognosis. Increased expression of PI4P-binding proteins, such as GOLPH3 or PITPNC1, induces a malignant secretory phenotype and the release of proteins that can remodel the extracellular matrix, promote angiogenesis and enhance cell motility. Aberrant Golgi PI4P metabolism can also result in the impaired post-translational modification of proteins required for focal adhesion formation and cell–matrix interactions, thereby potentiating the development of aggressive metastatic and invasive tumours. Altered expression of the Golgi-targeted PI 4-kinases, PI4KIIIβ, PI4KIIα and PI4KIIβ, or the PI4P phosphate Sac1, can also modulate oncogenic signalling through effects on TGN-endosomal trafficking. A Golgi trafficking role for a PIP 5-kinase has been recently described, which indicates that PI4P is not the only functionally important phosphoinositide at this subcellular location. This review charts new developments in our understanding of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase function at the Golgi and how PI4P-dependent trafficking can be deregulated in malignant disease.
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39
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von Blume J, Hausser A. Lipid-dependent coupling of secretory cargo sorting and trafficking at the trans-Golgi network. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2412-2427. [PMID: 31344259 PMCID: PMC8048779 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, the trans-Golgi network (TGN) serves as a platform for secretory cargo sorting and trafficking. In recent years, it has become evident that a complex network of lipid–lipid and lipid–protein interactions contributes to these key functions. This review addresses the role of lipids at the TGN with a particular emphasis on sphingolipids and diacylglycerol. We further highlight how these lipids couple secretory cargo sorting and trafficking for spatiotemporal coordination of protein transport to the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia von Blume
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Angelika Hausser
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Germany.,Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Germany
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40
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Duarte TT, Ellis CC, Grajeda BI, De Chatterjee A, Almeida IC, Das S. A Targeted Mass Spectrometric Analysis Reveals the Presence of a Reduced but Dynamic Sphingolipid Metabolic Pathway in an Ancient Protozoan, Giardia lamblia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:245. [PMID: 31396488 PMCID: PMC6668603 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Giardia lamblia, a single-celled eukaryote, colonizes and thrives in the small intestine of humans. Because of its compact and reduced genome, Giardia has adapted a “minimalistic” life style, as it becomes dependent on available resources of the small intestine. Because Giardia expresses fewer sphingolipid (SL) genes—and glycosphingolipids are critical for encystation—we investigated the SL metabolic cycle in this parasite. A tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis reveals that major SLs in Giardia include sphingomyelins, sphingoid bases, ceramides, and glycosylceramides. Many of these lipids are obtained by Giardia from the growth medium, remodeled at their fatty acyl chains and end up in the spent medium. For instance, ceramide-1-phosphate, a proinflammatory molecule that is not present in the culture medium, is generated from sphingosine (abundant in the culture medium) possibly by remodeling reactions. It is then subsequently released into the spent medium. Thus, the secretion of ceramide-1-phospate and other SL derivatives by Giardia could be associated with inflammatory bowel disease observed in acute giardiasis. Additionally, we found that the levels of SLs increase in encysting Giardia and are differentially regulated throughout the encystation cycle. We propose that SL metabolism is important for this parasite and, could serve as potential targets for developing novel anti-giardial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor T Duarte
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Cameron C Ellis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Brian I Grajeda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Atasi De Chatterjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Igor C Almeida
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States.,Infectious Disease and Immunology Cluster, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Siddhartha Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States.,Infectious Disease and Immunology Cluster, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
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41
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Kumagai K, Hanada K. Structure, functions and regulation of CERT, a lipid-transfer protein for the delivery of ceramide at the ER-Golgi membrane contact sites. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2366-2377. [PMID: 31254361 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The inter-organelle transport of lipids must be regulated to ensure appropriate lipid composition of each organelle. In mammalian cells, ceramide synthesised in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is transported to the trans-Golgi regions, where ceramide is converted to sphingomyelin (SM) with the concomitant production of diacylglycerol. Ceramide transport protein (CERT) transports ceramide from the ER to the trans-Golgi regions at the ER-Golgi membrane contact sites (MCS). The function of CERT is down-regulated by multisite phosphorylation of a serine-repeat motif (SRM) and up-regulated by phosphorylation of serine 315 in CERT. Multisite phosphorylation of the SRM is primed by protein kinase D, which is activated by diacylglycerol. The function of CERT is regulated by a phosphorylation-dependent feedback mechanism in response to cellular requirements of SM. CERT-dependent ceramide transport is also affected by the pool of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns)-4-phosphate (PtdIns(4)P) in the trans-Golgi regions, while the PtdIns(4)P pool is regulated by PtdIns-4-kinases and oxysterol-binding protein. The ER-Golgi MCS may serve as inter-organelle communication zones, in which many factors work in concert to serve as an extensive rheostat of SM, diacylglycerol, cholesterol and PtdIns(4)P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Kumagai
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Hanada
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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42
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Wang Y, Mousley CJ, Lete MG, Bankaitis VA. An equal opportunity collaboration between lipid metabolism and proteins in the control of membrane trafficking in the trans-Golgi and endosomal systems. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2019; 59:58-72. [PMID: 31039522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed the evolution of the cell biology of lipids into an extremely active area of investigation. Deciphering the involvement of lipid metabolism and lipid signaling in membrane trafficking pathways defines a major nexus of contemporary experimental activity on this front. Significant effort in that direction is invested in understanding the trans-Golgi network/endosomal system where unambiguous connections between membrane trafficking and inositol lipid and phosphatidylcholine metabolism were first discovered. However, powered by new advances in contemporary cell biology, the march of science is rapidly expanding that window of inquiry to include ever more diverse arms of the lipid metabolome, and to include other compartments of the secretory pathway as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2128, USA
| | - Carl J Mousley
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI), Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Marta G Lete
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114, USA
| | - Vytas A Bankaitis
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2128, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114, USA.
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43
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Lipid exchange and signaling at ER–Golgi contact sites. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2019; 57:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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44
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Imaging Lipid Metabolism at the Golgi Complex. Methods Mol Biol 2019. [PMID: 30790248 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9136-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of fluorescence-based molecular imaging has revolutionized cell biology allowing the visualization of specific biomolecules at the microscopic and, more recently, at the nanoscopic scale while in their relevant biological contexts. Nonetheless, despite the imaging toolkit for biologists interested in exploring the subcellular localization and dynamics of proteins and nucleic acids has expanded exponentially in the last decades, the means to visualize and track lipids in cells did not develop to the same extent until recently. Here we described some basic fluorescence-based techniques that can be used in standard cell biology laboratories to visualize subcellular pools of specific lipids and to evaluate their regional metabolism. Specifically, here we focus on the imaging-based analysis of phosphoinositide and sphingolipid metabolism at the Golgi complex.
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45
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Nakao N, Ueno M, Sakai S, Egawa D, Hanzawa H, Kawasaki S, Kumagai K, Suzuki M, Kobayashi S, Hanada K. Natural ligand-nonmimetic inhibitors of the lipid-transfer protein CERT. Commun Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s42004-019-0118-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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46
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Deng Y, Pakdel M, Blank B, Sundberg EL, Burd CG, von Blume J. Activity of the SPCA1 Calcium Pump Couples Sphingomyelin Synthesis to Sorting of Secretory Proteins in the Trans-Golgi Network. Dev Cell 2018; 47:464-478.e8. [PMID: 30393074 PMCID: PMC6261503 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
How the principal functions of the Golgi apparatus-protein processing, lipid synthesis, and sorting of macromolecules-are integrated to constitute cargo-specific trafficking pathways originating from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) is unknown. Here, we show that the activity of the Golgi localized SPCA1 calcium pump couples sorting and export of secreted proteins to synthesis of new lipid in the TGN membrane. A secreted Ca2+-binding protein, Cab45, constitutes the core component of a Ca2+-dependent, oligomerization-driven sorting mechanism whereby secreted proteins bound to Cab45 are packaged into a TGN-derived vesicular carrier whose membrane is enriched in sphingomyelin, a lipid implicated in TGN-to-cell surface transport. SPCA1 activity is controlled by the sphingomyelin content of the TGN membrane, such that local sphingomyelin synthesis promotes Ca2+ flux into the lumen of the TGN, which drives secretory protein sorting and export, thereby establishing a protein- and lipid-specific secretion pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Deng
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mehrshad Pakdel
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Birgit Blank
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Emma L Sundberg
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christopher G Burd
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Julia von Blume
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
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47
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Cellular Protein Kinase D Modulators Play a Role during Multiple Steps of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Egress. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.01486-18. [PMID: 30232182 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01486-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The assembly of new herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) particles takes place in the nucleus. These particles then travel across the two nuclear membranes and acquire a final envelope from a cellular compartment. The contribution of the cell to the release of the virus is, however, little known. We previously demonstrated, using a synchronized infection, that the host protein kinase D and diacylglycerol, a lipid that recruits the kinase to the trans-Golgi network (TGN), promote the release of the virus from that compartment. Given the role this cellular protein plays in the herpes simplex virus 1 life cycle and the many molecules that modulate its activity, we aimed to determine to what extent this virus utilizes the protein kinase D pathway during a nonsynchronized infection. Several molecular protein kinase D (PKD) regulators were targeted by RNA interference and viral production monitored. Surprisingly, many of these modulators negatively impacted the extracellular release of the virus. Overexpression studies, the use of pharmacological reagents, and assays to monitor intracellular lipids implicated in the biology of PKD suggested that these effects were oddly independent of total intracellular diacylglycerol levels. Instead, mapping of the viral intermediates by electron microscopy suggested that some of these modulators could regulate distinct steps along the viral egress pathway, notably nuclear egress. Altogether, this suggests a more complex contribution of PKD to HSV-1 egress than originally anticipated and new research avenues to explore.IMPORTANCE Viruses are obligatory parasites that highjack numerous cellular functions. This is certainly true when it comes to transporting viral particles within the cell. Herpesviruses share the unique property of traveling through the two nuclear membranes by subsequent budding and fusion and acquiring their final envelope from a cellular organelle. Albeit disputed, the overall evidence from many laboratories points to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) as the source of that membrane. Moreover, past findings revealed that the host protein kinase D (PKD) plays an important role at that stage, which is significant given the known implication of that protein in vesicular transport. The present findings suggest that the PKD machinery not only affects the late stages of herpes simplex virus I egress but also modulates earlier steps, such as nuclear egress. This opens up new means to control these viruses.
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48
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GPRC5B-Mediated Sphingomyelin Synthase 2 Phosphorylation Plays a Critical Role in Insulin Resistance. iScience 2018; 8:250-266. [PMID: 30343189 PMCID: PMC6197706 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
GPRC5B recruitment of Src family kinases has been implicated in diet-induced insulin resistance. However, the mechanism of this action is not fully understood. Here, we report that GPRC5B-mediated phosphorylation of sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SMS2) by Fyn is a crucial step in the development of insulin resistance. Lipid-induced metabolic stress augments SMS2 phosphorylation by facilitating the interaction of GPRC5B and SMS2. SMS2 phosphorylation reduces its ubiquitination, and consequently increases SMS2 protein abundance. Although ceramide and diacylglycerol (DAG) have been known to be central mediators of lipid-induced insulin resistance, the accumulation of these lipids fails to impair insulin signaling in SMS2 knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Conversely, exogenous expression of a phosphomimetic SMS2 impairs insulin action in SMS2 knockout MEFs under metabolic stress conditions. We demonstrate that SMS2-generated DAG in sphingomyelin synthesis inhibits insulin signaling through JNK activation. Thus, GPRC5B links sphingolipid metabolism to diet-induced insulin resistance via SMS2-dependent DAG production. Saturated fatty acids enhance interaction between GPRC5B and SMS2 GPRC5B facilitates tyrosine phosphorylation of SMS2 by recruiting Fyn Tyrosine phosphorylation of SMS2 increases its protein abundance SMS2-generated DAG is critical for the development of insulin resistance
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49
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Goto A, Charman M, Ridgway ND. Protein kinase D1 and oxysterol-binding protein form a regulatory complex independent of phosphorylation. Traffic 2018; 19:854-866. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asako Goto
- Department of Pediatrics; Atlantic Research Centre, Dalhousie University; Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Molecular Biology; Atlantic Research Centre, Dalhousie University; Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Mark Charman
- Department of Pediatrics; Atlantic Research Centre, Dalhousie University; Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Molecular Biology; Atlantic Research Centre, Dalhousie University; Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Neale D. Ridgway
- Department of Pediatrics; Atlantic Research Centre, Dalhousie University; Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Molecular Biology; Atlantic Research Centre, Dalhousie University; Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
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50
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Hanada K. Lipid transfer proteins rectify inter-organelle flux and accurately deliver lipids at membrane contact sites. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:1341-1366. [PMID: 29884707 PMCID: PMC6071762 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r085324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the main center for the synthesis of various lipid types in cells, and newly synthesized lipids are delivered from the ER to other organelles. In the past decade, various lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) have been recognized as mediators of lipid transport from the ER to other organelles; inter-organelle transport occurs at membrane contact sites (MCSs) and in a nonvesicular manner. Although the intermembrane transfer reaction catalyzed by LTPs is an equilibrium reaction, various types of newly synthesized lipids are transported unidirectionally in cells. This review provides a brief history of the inter-organelle trafficking of lipids and summarizes the structural and biochemical characteristics of the ceramide transport protein (CERT) as a typical LTP acting at MCSs. In addition, this review compares several LTP-mediated inter-organelle lipid trafficking systems and proposes that LTPs generate unidirectional fluxes of specific lipids between different organelles by indirect coupling with the metabolic reactions that occur in specific organelles. Moreover, the available data also suggest that the major advantage of LTP-mediated lipid transport at MCSs may be the accuracy of delivery. Finally, how cholesterol is enriched in the plasma membrane is discussed from a thermodynamic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Hanada
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
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