1
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Wang J, Li Y, Qi L, Mamtilahun M, Liu C, Liu Z, Shi R, Wu S, Yang GY. Advanced rehabilitation in ischaemic stroke research. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2024; 9:328-343. [PMID: 37788912 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2022-002285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, due to the rapid progress of treatment technology in the acute phase of ischaemic stroke, the mortality of patients has been greatly reduced but the number of disabled survivors is increasing, and most of them are elderly patients. Physicians and rehabilitation therapists pay attention to develop all kinds of therapist techniques including physical therapy techniques, robot-assisted technology and artificial intelligence technology, and study the molecular, cellular or synergistic mechanisms of rehabilitation therapies to promote the effect of rehabilitation therapy. Here, we discussed different animal and in vitro models of ischaemic stroke for rehabilitation studies; the compound concept and technology of neurological rehabilitation; all kinds of biological mechanisms of physical therapy; the significance, assessment and efficacy of neurological rehabilitation; the application of brain-computer interface, rehabilitation robotic and non-invasive brain stimulation technology in stroke rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixian Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medical, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medical, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Qi
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Muyassar Mamtilahun
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze Liu
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rubing Shi
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengju Wu
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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2
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Latypova AA, Yaremenko AV, Pechnikova NA, Minin AS, Zubarev IV. Magnetogenetics as a promising tool for controlling cellular signaling pathways. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:327. [PMID: 38858689 PMCID: PMC11163773 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02616-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnetogenetics emerges as a transformative approach for modulating cellular signaling pathways through the strategic application of magnetic fields and nanoparticles. This technique leverages the unique properties of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to induce mechanical or thermal stimuli within cells, facilitating the activation of mechano- and thermosensitive proteins without the need for traditional ligand-receptor interactions. Unlike traditional modalities that often require invasive interventions and lack precision in targeting specific cellular functions, magnetogenetics offers a non-invasive alternative with the capacity for deep tissue penetration and the potential for targeting a broad spectrum of cellular processes. This review underscores magnetogenetics' broad applicability, from steering stem cell differentiation to manipulating neuronal activity and immune responses, highlighting its potential in regenerative medicine, neuroscience, and cancer therapy. Furthermore, the review explores the challenges and future directions of magnetogenetics, including the development of genetically programmed magnetic nanoparticles and the integration of magnetic field-sensitive cells for in vivo applications. Magnetogenetics stands at the forefront of cellular manipulation technologies, offering novel insights into cellular signaling and opening new avenues for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia A Latypova
- Institute of Future Biophysics, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Russia
- Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Moscow, 123592, Russia
| | - Alexey V Yaremenko
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece.
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
| | - Nadezhda A Pechnikova
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
- Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Artem S Minin
- M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, 620108, Russia
| | - Ilya V Zubarev
- Institute of Future Biophysics, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Russia.
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3
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Hahmann J, Ishaqat A, Lammers T, Herrmann A. Sonogenetics for Monitoring and Modulating Biomolecular Function by Ultrasound. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317112. [PMID: 38197549 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Ultrasound technology, synergistically harnessed with genetic engineering and chemistry concepts, has started to open the gateway to the remarkable realm of sonogenetics-a pioneering paradigm for remotely orchestrating cellular functions at the molecular level. This fusion not only enables precisely targeted imaging and therapeutic interventions, but also advances our comprehension of mechanobiology to unparalleled depths. Sonogenetic tools harness mechanical force within small tissue volumes while preserving the integrity of the surrounding physiological environment, reaching depths of up to tens of centimeters with high spatiotemporal precision. These capabilities circumvent the inherent physical limitations of alternative in vivo control methods such as optogenetics and magnetogenetics. In this review, we first discuss mechanosensitive ion channels, the most commonly utilized sonogenetic mediators, in both mammalian and non-mammalian systems. Subsequently, we provide a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art sonogenetic approaches that leverage thermal or mechanical features of ultrasonic waves. Additionally, we explore strategies centered around the design of mechanochemically reactive macromolecular systems. Furthermore, we delve into the realm of ultrasound imaging of biomolecular function, encompassing the utilization of gas vesicles and acoustic reporter genes. Finally, we shed light on limitations and challenges of sonogenetics and present a perspective on the future of this promising technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Hahmann
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Max Planck School Matter to Life, Jahnstr. 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aman Ishaqat
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), Center for Biohybrid Medical Systems (CBMS), RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Forckenbeckstr. 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Max Planck School Matter to Life, Jahnstr. 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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4
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Mundell JW, Brier MI, Orloff E, Stanley SA, Dordick JS. Alternating magnetic fields drive stimulation of gene expression via generation of reactive oxygen species. iScience 2024; 27:109186. [PMID: 38420587 PMCID: PMC10901079 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnetogenetics represents a method for remote control of cellular function. Previous work suggests that generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) initiates downstream signaling. Herein, a chemical biology approach was used to elucidate further the mechanism of radio frequency-alternating magnetic field (RF-AMF) stimulation of a TRPV1-ferritin magnetogenetics platform that leads to Ca2+ flux. RF-AMF stimulation of HEK293T cells expressing TRPV1-ferritin resulted in ∼30% and ∼140% increase in intra- and extracellular ROS levels, respectively. Mutations to specific cysteine residues in TRPV1 responsible for ROS sensitivity eliminated RF-AMF driven Ca2+-dependent transcription of secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP). Using a non-tethered (to TRPV1) ferritin also eliminated RF-AMF driven SEAP production, and using specific inhibitors, ROS-activated TRPV1 signaling involves protein kinase C, NADPH oxidase, and the endoplasmic reticulum. These results suggest ferritin-dependent ROS activation of TRPV1 plays a key role in the initiation of magnetogenetics, and provides relevance for potential applications in medicine and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan W. Mundell
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Matthew I. Brier
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Everest Orloff
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Sarah A. Stanley
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Dordick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
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5
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Dziuba MV, Müller FD, Pósfai M, Schüler D. Exploring the host range for genetic transfer of magnetic organelle biosynthesis. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 19:115-123. [PMID: 37735601 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01500-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Magnetosomes produced by magnetotactic bacteria have great potential for application in biotechnology and medicine due to their unique physicochemical properties and high biocompatibility. Attempts to transfer the genes for magnetosome biosynthesis into non-magnetic organisms have had mixed results. Here we report on a systematic study to identify key components needed for magnetosome biosynthesis after gene transfer. We transfer magnetosome genes to 25 proteobacterial hosts, generating seven new magnetosome-producing strains. We characterize the recombinant magnetosomes produced by these strains and demonstrate that denitrification and anaerobic photosynthesis are linked to the ability to synthesize magnetosomes upon the gene transfer. In addition, we show that the number of magnetosomes synthesized by a foreign host negatively correlates with the guanine-cytosine content difference between the host and the gene donor. Our findings have profound implications for the generation of magnetized living cells and the potential for transgenic biogenic magnetic nanoparticle production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina V Dziuba
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Chemistry and Geosciences, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Frank-Dietrich Müller
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Chemistry and Geosciences, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Mihály Pósfai
- ELKH-PE Environmental Mineralogy Research Group, Veszprém, Hungary
- Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Dirk Schüler
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Chemistry and Geosciences, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
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6
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Chen X, Gong Y, Chen W. Advanced Temporally-Spatially Precise Technologies for On-Demand Neurological Disorder Intervention. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207436. [PMID: 36929323 PMCID: PMC10190591 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Temporal-spatial precision has attracted increasing attention for the clinical intervention of neurological disorders (NDs) to mitigate adverse effects of traditional treatments and achieve point-of-care medicine. Inspiring steps forward in this field have been witnessed in recent years, giving the credit to multi-discipline efforts from neurobiology, bioengineering, chemical materials, artificial intelligence, and so on, exhibiting valuable clinical translation potential. In this review, the latest progress in advanced temporally-spatially precise clinical intervention is highlighted, including localized parenchyma drug delivery, precise neuromodulation, as well as biological signal detection to trigger closed-loop control. Their clinical potential in both central and peripheral nervous systems is illustrated meticulously related to typical diseases. The challenges relative to biosafety and scaled production as well as their future perspectives are also discussed in detail. Notably, these intelligent temporally-spatially precision intervention systems could lead the frontier in the near future, demonstrating significant clinical value to support billions of patients plagued with NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic MedicineTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology430030WuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic EvaluationHuazhong University of Science and Technology430030WuhanChina
| | - Yusheng Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic MedicineTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology430030WuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic EvaluationHuazhong University of Science and Technology430030WuhanChina
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic MedicineTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology430030WuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic EvaluationHuazhong University of Science and Technology430030WuhanChina
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7
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Central Nervous System Nanotechnology. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8984-0_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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8
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Lamanna J, Ferro M, Spadini S, Malgaroli A. Exploiting the molecular diversity of the synapse to investigate neuronal communication: A guide through the current toolkit. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:6141-6161. [PMID: 36239030 PMCID: PMC10100385 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chemical synapses are tiny and overcrowded environments, deeply embedded inside brain tissue and enriched with thousands of protein species. Many efforts have been devoted to developing custom approaches for evaluating and modifying synaptic activity. Most of these methods are based on the engineering of one or more synaptic protein scaffolds used to target active moieties to the synaptic compartment or to manipulate synaptic functioning. In this review, we summarize the most recent methodological advances and provide a description of the involved proteins as well as the operation principle. Furthermore, we highlight their advantages and limitations in relation to studies of synaptic transmission in vitro and in vivo. Concerning the labelling methods, the most important challenge is how to extend the available approaches to the in vivo setting. On the other hand, for those methods that allow manipulation of synaptic function, this limit has been overcome using optogenetic approaches that can be more easily applied to the living brain. Finally, future applications of these methods to neuroscience, as well as new potential routes for development, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Lamanna
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience and Communication (BNC), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Ferro
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience and Communication (BNC), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Spadini
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience and Communication (BNC), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Malgaroli
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience and Communication (BNC), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,San Raffaele Turro, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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9
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Untethered: using remote magnetic fields for regenerative medicine. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 41:615-631. [PMID: 36220708 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic fields are increasingly being used for the remote, noncontact manipulation of cells and biomaterials for a wide range of regenerative medical (RM) applications. They have been deployed for their direct effects on biological systems or in conjunction with magnetic materials or magnetically tagged cells for a targeted therapeutic effect. In this work, we highlight the recent trends on the broad use of magnetic fields for the homing of therapeutic cells and particles at targeted tissue sites, biomimetic tissue fabrication, and control of cell fate and proliferation. We also survey the design and control principles of magnetic manipulation systems, including their capabilities and limitations, which can guide future research into developing more effective magnetic field-based regenerative strategies.
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10
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Shin W, Jeong S, Lee JU, Jeong SY, Shin J, Kim HH, Cheon J, Lee JH. Magnetogenetics with Piezo1 Mechanosensitive Ion Channel for CRISPR Gene Editing. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:7415-7422. [PMID: 36069378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of genetic activity in single cells and tissues is pivotal to determine key cellular functions in current biomedicine, yet the conventional biochemical activators lack spatiotemporal precision due to the diffusion-mediated slow kinetics and nonselectivity. Here, we describe a magnetogenetic method for target-specific activation of a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system for the regulation of intracellular proteins. We used magnetomechanical force generated by the magnetic nanostructure to activate pre-encoded Piezo1, the mechanosensitive ion channel, on the target cell. The activated Piezo1 further triggers the intracellular Ca2+ signaling pathway, inducing the pre-encoded genes to express genes of interest (GOIs), which is Cas9 protein for the CRISPR regulation of the target proteins. We demonstrated that this magnetogenetic CRISPR system successfully edits the target genome for both in vitro and pseudo-in vivo environments, providing a versatile magnetic platform for remote gene editing of animals with various size scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wookjin Shin
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Jeong
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Uk Lee
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Yeun Jeong
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghong Shin
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyongbum Henry Kim
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Cheon
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Lee
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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11
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Yang P, Cai T, Zhang L, Yu D, Guo Z, Zhang Y, Li G, Zhang X, Xie C. A Rationally Designed Building Block of the Putative Magnetoreceptor MagR. Bioelectromagnetics 2022; 43:317-326. [PMID: 35598081 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The ability of animals to perceive guidance cues from Earth's magnetic field for orientation and navigation has been supported by a wealth of behavioral experiments, yet the nature of this sensory modality remains fascinatingly unresolved and wide open for discovery. MagR has been proposed as a putative magnetoreceptor based on its intrinsic magnetism and its complexation with a previously suggested key protein in magnetosensing, cryptochrome, to form a rod-like polymer structure. Here, we report a rationally designed single-chain tetramer of MagR (SctMagR), serving as the building block of the hierarchical assembly of MagR polymer. The magnetic trapping experiment and direct magnetic measurement of SctMagR demonstrated the possibility of magnetization of nonmagnetic cells via overexpressing a single protein, which has great potential in various applications. SctMagR, as reported in this study, serves as a prototype of designed magnetic biomaterials inspired by animal magnetoreception. The features of SctMagR provide insights into the unresolved origin of the intrinsic magnetic moment, which is of considerable interest in both biology and physics. © 2022 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Science Island, Hefei, China
| | - Daqi Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuebin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Guohui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Science Island, Hefei, China.,International Magnetobiology Frontier Research Center, Science Island, Hefei, China
| | - Can Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Science Island, Hefei, China.,International Magnetobiology Frontier Research Center, Science Island, Hefei, China.,Beijing Computational Science Research Center, The Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing, China
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12
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Kochanski RB, Slavin KV. The future perspectives of psychiatric neurosurgery. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2022; 270:211-228. [PMID: 35396029 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The future of psychiatric neurosurgery can be viewed from two separate perspectives: the immediate future and the distant future. Both show promise, but the treatment strategy for mental diseases and the technology utilized during these separate periods will likely differ dramatically. It can be expected that the initial advancements will be built upon progress of neuroimaging and stereotactic targeting while surgical technology becomes adapted to patient-specific symptomatology and structural/functional imaging parameters. This individualized approach has already begun to show significant promise when applied to deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder. If effectiveness of these strategies is confirmed by well designed, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical studies, further technological advances will continue into the distant future, and will likely involve precise neuromodulation at the cellular level, perhaps using wireless technology with or without closed-loop design. This approach, being theoretically less invasive and carrying less risk, may ultimately propel psychiatric neurosurgery to the forefront in the treatment algorithm of mental illness. Despite prominent development of non-invasive therapeutic options, such as stereotactic radiosurgery or transcranial magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound, chances are there will still be a need in surgical management of patients with most intractable psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan B Kochanski
- Neurosurgery, Methodist Healthcare System, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Konstantin V Slavin
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Neurology Service, Jesse Brown Veterans Administration Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States.
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13
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Del Sol-Fernández S, Martínez-Vicente P, Gomollón-Zueco P, Castro-Hinojosa C, Gutiérrez L, Fratila RM, Moros M. Magnetogenetics: remote activation of cellular functions triggered by magnetic switches. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:2091-2118. [PMID: 35103278 PMCID: PMC8830762 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06303k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, the possibility to remotely control intracellular pathways using physical tools has opened the way to novel and exciting applications, both in basic research and clinical applications. Indeed, the use of physical and non-invasive stimuli such as light, electricity or magnetic fields offers the possibility of manipulating biological processes with spatial and temporal resolution in a remote fashion. The use of magnetic fields is especially appealing for in vivo applications because they can penetrate deep into tissues, as opposed to light. In combination with magnetic actuators they are emerging as a new instrument to precisely manipulate biological functions. This approach, coined as magnetogenetics, provides an exclusive tool to study how cells transform mechanical stimuli into biochemical signalling and offers the possibility of activating intracellular pathways connected to temperature-sensitive proteins. In this review we provide a critical overview of the recent developments in the field of magnetogenetics. We discuss general topics regarding the three main components for magnetic field-based actuation: the magnetic fields, the magnetic actuators and the cellular targets. We first introduce the main approaches in which the magnetic field can be used to manipulate the magnetic actuators, together with the most commonly used magnetic field configurations and the physicochemical parameters that can critically influence the magnetic properties of the actuators. Thereafter, we discuss relevant examples of magneto-mechanical and magneto-thermal stimulation, used to control stem cell fate, to activate neuronal functions, or to stimulate apoptotic pathways, among others. Finally, although magnetogenetics has raised high expectations from the research community, to date there are still many obstacles to be overcome in order for it to become a real alternative to optogenetics for instance. We discuss some controversial aspects related to the insufficient elucidation of the mechanisms of action of some magnetogenetics constructs and approaches, providing our opinion on important challenges in the field and possible directions for the upcoming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susel Del Sol-Fernández
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
| | - Pablo Martínez-Vicente
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
| | - Pilar Gomollón-Zueco
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
| | - Christian Castro-Hinojosa
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
| | - Lucía Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Raluca M Fratila
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - María Moros
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
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14
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Yu Y, Payne C, Marina N, Korsak A, Southern P, García‐Prieto A, Christie IN, Baker RR, Fisher EMC, Wells JA, Kalber TL, Pankhurst QA, Gourine AV, Lythgoe MF. Remote and Selective Control of Astrocytes by Magnetomechanical Stimulation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104194. [PMID: 34927381 PMCID: PMC8867145 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes play crucial and diverse roles in brain health and disease. The ability to selectively control astrocytes provides a valuable tool for understanding their function and has the therapeutic potential to correct dysfunction. Existing technologies such as optogenetics and chemogenetics require the introduction of foreign proteins, which adds a layer of complication and hinders their clinical translation. A novel technique, magnetomechanical stimulation (MMS), that enables remote and selective control of astrocytes without genetic modification is described here. MMS exploits the mechanosensitivity of astrocytes and triggers mechanogated Ca2+ and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) signaling by applying a magnetic field to antibody-functionalized magnetic particles that are targeted to astrocytes. Using purpose-built magnetic devices, the mechanosensory threshold of astrocytes is determined, a sub-micrometer particle for effective MMS is identified, the in vivo fate of the particles is established, and cardiovascular responses are induced in rats after particles are delivered to specific brainstem astrocytes. By eliminating the need for device implantation and genetic modification, MMS is a method for controlling astroglial activity with an improved prospect for clinical application than existing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Yu
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingDivision of MedicineUniversity College London72 Huntley StreetLondonWC1E 6DDUK
| | - Christopher Payne
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingDivision of MedicineUniversity College London72 Huntley StreetLondonWC1E 6DDUK
| | - Nephtali Marina
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic NeuroscienceResearch Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity College LondonGower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Alla Korsak
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic NeuroscienceResearch Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity College LondonGower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Paul Southern
- Healthcare Biomagnetics LaboratoryUniversity College London21 Albemarle StreetLondonW1S 4BSUK
| | - Ana García‐Prieto
- Healthcare Biomagnetics LaboratoryUniversity College London21 Albemarle StreetLondonW1S 4BSUK
- Departamento Física Aplicada IUniversidad del País VascoBilbao48013Spain
| | - Isabel N. Christie
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic NeuroscienceResearch Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity College LondonGower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Rebecca R. Baker
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingDivision of MedicineUniversity College London72 Huntley StreetLondonWC1E 6DDUK
| | - Elizabeth M. C. Fisher
- Department of Neuromuscular DiseasesQueen Square Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonQueen SquareLondonWC1N 3BGUK
| | - Jack A. Wells
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingDivision of MedicineUniversity College London72 Huntley StreetLondonWC1E 6DDUK
| | - Tammy L. Kalber
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingDivision of MedicineUniversity College London72 Huntley StreetLondonWC1E 6DDUK
| | - Quentin A. Pankhurst
- Healthcare Biomagnetics LaboratoryUniversity College London21 Albemarle StreetLondonW1S 4BSUK
| | - Alexander V. Gourine
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic NeuroscienceResearch Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity College LondonGower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Mark F. Lythgoe
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingDivision of MedicineUniversity College London72 Huntley StreetLondonWC1E 6DDUK
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15
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Lee D, Kwon HB. Current and future techniques for detecting oxytocin: Focusing on genetically-encoded GPCR sensors. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 366:109407. [PMID: 34763021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin is a neuropituitary hormone that is involved in a wide range of psychosocial behaviors. Despite its psychophysiological importance as a neuromodulator in the CNS, effective techniques capable of monitoring oxytocin dynamics or testing related behavioral consequences are limited. Along with an explosive advancement in synthetic biology, high-performance genetically-encoded neuromodulator sensors are being developed. Here we comprehensively review the current methodologies available for detecting oxytocin in neuroscience. Their strengths and weaknesses are discussed, and a graphical summary is plotted for better comparison of techniques. We also suggest future directions for next generation oxytocin sensor development and their working principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmin Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Bae Kwon
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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16
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Garg P, Muthiah S, Sengupta S. Introducing stimulogenetics, unraveling pertinent semantic ambiguity, and determining clinical relevance among novel neuromodulation strategies. Biol Methods Protoc 2022; 7:bpac019. [PMID: 36042890 PMCID: PMC9414378 DOI: 10.1093/biomethods/bpac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation involving the stereotactic implantation of electrodes in the deeper neural tissue remains one of the most trusted nonpharmacotherapeutic approaches for neuromodulation in the clinical setting. The recent advent of techniques that can modulate the neural structure and/or function at the cellular level has stimulated the exploration of these strategies in managing neurological and psychiatric disorders. Optogenetics, which is widely employed in experimental research, is the prototype of the above techniques. Other methods such as chemogenetics, sonogenetics, and magnetogenetics have also been introduced. Although these strategies possess several noticeable differences, they have an overlapping conceptual framework enabling their classification under a singular hypernym. This article introduces this hypernym, “stimulogenetics” in an attempt to solve the pertinent ambiguity to aid the classification of existing literature. The article also compares the strategies classified under stimulogenetics and concludes that the current literature suggests that nonsurgical approaches such as chemogenetics and sonogenetics are better suited for clinical applications. However, due to the dearth of clinical studies, it is not possible to determine this definitively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranjal Garg
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences , Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Saidharshini Muthiah
- Sri Muthukumaran Medical College, Hospital and Research Institute , Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sumedha Sengupta
- Dr. BR Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi , Delhi, India
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17
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Fan H. Central Nervous System Nanotechnology. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9374-7_29-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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18
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Ashbaugh RC, Udpa L, Israeli RR, Gilad AA, Pelled G. Bioelectromagnetic Platform for Cell, Tissue, and In Vivo Stimulation. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:248. [PMID: 34436050 PMCID: PMC8392012 DOI: 10.3390/bios11080248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Magnetogenetics is a new field that utilizes electromagnetic fields to remotely control cellular activity. In addition to the development of the biological genetic tools, this approach requires designing hardware with a specific set of demands for the electromagnets used to provide the desired stimulation for electrophysiology and imaging experiments. Here, we present a universal stimulus delivery system comprising four magnet designs compatible with electrophysiology, fluorescence and luminescence imaging, microscopy, and freely behaving animal experiments. The overall system includes a low-cost stimulation controller that enables rapid switching between active and sham stimulation trials as well as precise control of stimulation delivery thereby enabling repeatable and reproducible measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C. Ashbaugh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (R.C.A.); (L.U.)
- Neuroengineering Division, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Lalita Udpa
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (R.C.A.); (L.U.)
| | - Ron R. Israeli
- Neuroengineering Division, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Assaf A. Gilad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Synthetic Biology Division, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Galit Pelled
- Neuroengineering Division, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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19
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Personalized Medicine in Parkinson's Disease: New Options for Advanced Treatments. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11070650. [PMID: 34357117 PMCID: PMC8303729 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11070650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) presents varying motor and non-motor features in each patient owing to their different backgrounds, such as age, gender, genetics, and environmental factors. Furthermore, in the advanced stages, troublesome symptoms vary between patients due to motor and non-motor complications. The treatment of PD has made great progress over recent decades and has directly contributed to an improvement in patients’ quality of life, especially through the progression of advanced treatment. Deep brain stimulation, radiofrequency, MR–guided focused ultrasound, gamma knife, levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel, and apomorphine are now used in the clinical setting for this disease. With multiple treatment options currently available for all stages of PD, we here discuss the most recent options for advanced treatment, including cell therapy in advanced PD, from the perspective of personalized medicine.
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20
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Zhang T, Pramanik G, Zhang K, Gulka M, Wang L, Jing J, Xu F, Li Z, Wei Q, Cigler P, Chu Z. Toward Quantitative Bio-sensing with Nitrogen-Vacancy Center in Diamond. ACS Sens 2021; 6:2077-2107. [PMID: 34038091 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The long-dreamed-of capability of monitoring the molecular machinery in living systems has not been realized yet, mainly due to the technical limitations of current sensing technologies. However, recently emerging quantum sensors are showing great promise for molecular detection and imaging. One of such sensing qubits is the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center, a photoluminescent impurity in a diamond lattice with unique room-temperature optical and spin properties. This atomic-sized quantum emitter has the ability to quantitatively measure nanoscale electromagnetic fields via optical means at ambient conditions. Moreover, the unlimited photostability of NV centers, combined with the excellent diamond biocompatibility and the possibility of diamond nanoparticles internalization into the living cells, makes NV-based sensors one of the most promising and versatile platforms for various life-science applications. In this review, we will summarize the latest developments of NV-based quantum sensing with a focus on biomedical applications, including measurements of magnetic biomaterials, intracellular temperature, localized physiological species, action potentials, and electronic and nuclear spins. We will also outline the main unresolved challenges and provide future perspectives of many promising aspects of NV-based bio-sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Goutam Pramanik
- UGC DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, Sector III, LB-8, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michal Gulka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jixiang Jing
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zifu Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medical, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, China
| | - Petr Cigler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zhiqin Chu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Joint Appointment with School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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21
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Wang T, Ulrich H, Semyanov A, Illes P, Tang Y. Optical control of purinergic signaling. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:385-392. [PMID: 34156578 PMCID: PMC8410941 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09799-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic signaling plays a pivotal role in physiological processes and pathological conditions. Over the past decades, conventional pharmacological, biochemical, and molecular biology techniques have been utilized to investigate purinergic signaling cascades. However, none of them is capable of spatially and temporally manipulating purinergic signaling cascades. Currently, optical approaches, including optopharmacology and optogenetic, enable controlling purinergic signaling with low invasiveness and high spatiotemporal precision. In this mini-review, we discuss optical approaches for controlling purinergic signaling and their applications in basic and translational science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- International Collaborative Centre On Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Henning Ulrich
- International Collaborative Centre On Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexey Semyanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter Illes
- International Collaborative Centre On Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China. .,Rudolf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Yong Tang
- International Collaborative Centre On Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China. .,Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
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22
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Zang Y, Chaudhari K, Bashaw GJ. New insights into the molecular mechanisms of axon guidance receptor regulation and signaling. Curr Top Dev Biol 2021; 142:147-196. [PMID: 33706917 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
As the nervous system develops, newly differentiated neurons need to extend their axons toward their synaptic targets to form functional neural circuits. During this highly dynamic process of axon pathfinding, guidance receptors expressed at the tips of motile axons interact with soluble guidance cues or membrane tethered molecules present in the environment to be either attracted toward or repelled away from the source of these cues. As competing cues are often present at the same location and during the same developmental period, guidance receptors need to be both spatially and temporally regulated in order for the navigating axons to make appropriate guidance decisions. This regulation is exerted by a diverse array of molecular mechanisms that have come into focus over the past several decades and these mechanisms ensure that the correct complement of surface receptors is present on the growth cone, a fan-shaped expansion at the tip of the axon. This dynamic, highly motile structure is defined by a lamellipodial network lining the periphery of the growth cone interspersed with finger-like filopodial projections that serve to explore the surrounding environment. Once axon guidance receptors are deployed at the right place and time at the growth cone surface, they respond to their respective ligands by initiating a complex set of signaling events that serve to rearrange the growth cone membrane and the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton to affect axon growth and guidance. In this review, we highlight recent advances that shed light on the rich complexity of mechanisms that regulate axon guidance receptor distribution, activation and downstream signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Zang
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Karina Chaudhari
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Greg J Bashaw
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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23
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Paez Segala MG, Looger LL. Optogenetics. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00092-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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24
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Pekarsky A, Spadiut O. Intrinsically Magnetic Cells: A Review on Their Natural Occurrence and Synthetic Generation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:573183. [PMID: 33195134 PMCID: PMC7604359 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.573183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The magnetization of non-magnetic cells has great potential to aid various processes in medicine, but also in bioprocess engineering. Current approaches to magnetize cells with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) require cellular uptake or adsorption through in vitro manipulation of cells. A relatively new field of research is "magnetogenetics" which focuses on in vivo production and accumulation of magnetic material. Natural intrinsically magnetic cells (IMCs) produce intracellular, MNPs, and are called magnetotactic bacteria (MTB). In recent years, researchers have unraveled function and structure of numerous proteins from MTB. Furthermore, protein engineering studies on such MTB proteins and other potentially magnetic proteins, like ferritins, highlight that in vivo magnetization of non-magnetic hosts is a thriving field of research. This review summarizes current knowledge on recombinant IMC generation and highlights future steps that can be taken to succeed in transforming non-magnetic cells to IMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
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25
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Song M, Kim J, Shin H, Kim Y, Jang H, Park Y, Kim SJ. Development of Magnetic Torque Stimulation (MTS) Utilizing Rotating Uniform Magnetic Field for Mechanical Activation of Cardiac Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10091684. [PMID: 32867131 PMCID: PMC7557977 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of cell signaling through physical stimulation is an emerging topic in biomedicine. Background: While recent advances in biophysical technologies show capabilities for spatiotemporal stimulation, interfacing those tools with biological systems for intact signal transfer and noncontact stimulation remains challenging. Here, we describe the use of a magnetic torque stimulation (MTS) system combined with engineered magnetic particles to apply forces on the surface of individual cells. MTS utilizes an externally rotating magnetic field to induce a spin on magnetic particles and generate torsional force to stimulate mechanotransduction pathways in two types of human heart cells—cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts. Methods: The MTS system operates in a noncontact mode with two magnets separated (60 mm) from each other and generates a torque of up to 15 pN µm across the entire area of a 35-mm cell culture dish. The MTS system can mechanically stimulate both types of human heart cells, inducing maturation and hypertrophy. Results: Our findings show that application of the MTS system under hypoxic conditions induces not only nuclear localization of mechanoresponsive YAP proteins in human heart cells but also overexpression of hypertrophy markers, including β-myosin heavy chain (βMHC), cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), microRNA-21 (miR-21), and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFβ-1). Conclusions: These results have important implications for the applicability of the MTS system to diverse in vitro studies that require remote and noninvasive mechanical regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongjin Song
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (M.S.); (J.K.); (Y.K.); (H.J.)
| | - Jongseong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (M.S.); (J.K.); (Y.K.); (H.J.)
| | - Hyundo Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Yekwang Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (M.S.); (J.K.); (Y.K.); (H.J.)
| | - Hwanseok Jang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (M.S.); (J.K.); (Y.K.); (H.J.)
| | - Yongdoo Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (M.S.); (J.K.); (Y.K.); (H.J.)
- Correspondence: (Y.P.); (S.-J.K.); Tel.: +82-2-2286-1460 (Y.P.)
| | - Seung-Jong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (M.S.); (J.K.); (Y.K.); (H.J.)
- Correspondence: (Y.P.); (S.-J.K.); Tel.: +82-2-2286-1460 (Y.P.)
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26
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Woods D, Jiang Q, Chu XP. Monoclonal antibody as an emerging therapy for acute ischemic stroke. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 12:95-106. [PMID: 32934765 PMCID: PMC7486556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is the 5th leading cause of death and the leading cause of neurological disability in the United States. The oxygen and glucose deprivation associated with AIS not only leads to neuronal cell death, but also increases the inflammatory response, therefore decreasing the functional outcome of the brain. The only pharmacological intervention approved by the US Federal Food and Drug Administration for treatment of AIS is tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), however, such treatment can only be given within 4.5 hours of the onset of stroke-like symptoms. This narrow time-range limits its therapeutic application. Administrating t-PA outside of the therapeutic window may induce detrimental rather than beneficial effects to stroke patients. In order to reduce the infarct volume of an AIS while increasing the time period for treatment, new treatments are essential. Emerging monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies reveal great potential by targeting signaling pathways activated after an AIS. With successful application of mAb in the treatment of cancer, other therapeutic uses for mAb are currently being evaluated. In this review, we will focus on recent advances on AIS therapy by using mAb that targets the signaling cascades and endogenous molecules such as inflammation, growth factors, acid-sensing ion channels, and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Therefore, developing specific mAb to target the signaling pathways of ischemic brain injury will benefit patients being treated for an AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demi Woods
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Qian Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Xiang-Ping Chu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
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27
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Brier MI, Mundell JW, Yu X, Su L, Holmann A, Squeri J, Zhang B, Stanley SA, Friedman JM, Dordick JS. Uncovering a possible role of reactive oxygen species in magnetogenetics. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13096. [PMID: 32753716 PMCID: PMC7403421 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70067-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent reports have shown that intracellular, (super)paramagnetic ferritin nanoparticles can gate TRPV1, a non-selective cation channel, in a magnetic field. Here, we report the effects of differing field strength and frequency as well as chemical inhibitors on channel gating using a Ca2+-sensitive promoter to express a secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) reporter. Exposure of TRPV1-ferritin-expressing HEK-293T cells at 30 °C to an alternating magnetic field of 501 kHz and 27.1 mT significantly increased SEAP secretion by ~ 82% relative to control cells, with lesser effects at other field strengths and frequencies. Between 30-32 °C, SEAP production was strongly potentiated 3.3-fold by the addition of the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin. This potentiation was eliminated by the competitive antagonist AMG-21629, the NADPH oxidase assembly inhibitor apocynin, and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger N-acetylcysteine, suggesting that ROS contributes to magnetogenetic TRPV1 activation. These results provide a rational basis to address the heretofore unknown mechanism of magnetogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew I Brier
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Jordan W Mundell
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Xiaofei Yu
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Lichao Su
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Nonferrous Metals and Specific Materials Processing, College of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Jian Gan Road 12, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Alexander Holmann
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Jessica Squeri
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Baolin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Nonferrous Metals and Specific Materials Processing, College of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Jian Gan Road 12, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Sarah A Stanley
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jonathan S Dordick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
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Bostancıklıoğlu M. An update on memory formation and retrieval: An engram-centric approach. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 16:926-937. [PMID: 32333509 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We explore here that memory loss observed in the early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a disorder of memory retrieval, instead of a storage impairment. This engram-centric explanation aims to enlarge the conceptual frame of memory as an emergent behavior of the brain and to propose a new treatment strategy for memory retrieval in dementia-AD. BACKGROUND The conventional memory hypothesis suggests that memory is stored as multiple traces in hippocampal neurons but recent evidence indicates that there are specialized memory engrams responsible for the storage and the retrieval of different memory types. UPDATED MEMORY HYPOTHESIS There are specialized memory engram neurons for each memory type and when information will be stored as a memory arrives in the hippocampus through afferent neurons finds its neuron according to the excitability states of engram neurons. The excitability level in engram neurons seems like a code canalizing the interactions between engrams and information. Therefore, to enhance the excitability of memory engram neurons improves memory loss observed in AD. In addition, we suggest that the hippocampus creates an index for information stored in memory engram cells in specialized regions for different types of memory, instead of storing all information; and different anatomic locations of engram cells and their roles in memory retrieval point out that memory could be an emergent behavior of the brain, and the interaction between serotonin fluctuation and engram neurons could be neural underpinnings of terminal lucidity. MAJOR CHALLENGES FOR THE MODEL The major challenge for this engram-centric memory retrieval model is the translation from bench to patient, specifically the delivery of optogenetic tools in patients. Engram neurons can be specifically activated by optogenetic tools, but optogenetics is an invasive technique which requires optic fiber implantation into the brain. In addition, light can overheat the tissue and thus induce damage in tissue. Furthermore, light is a foreign object and its direct implantation into the brain may cause neuroinflammation, the main trigger of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, to test the engram hypothesis in human, new tools to allow specific engram activation should be discovered.
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Paoletti P, Ellis-Davies GCR, Mourot A. Optical control of neuronal ion channels and receptors. Nat Rev Neurosci 2020; 20:514-532. [PMID: 31289380 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-019-0197-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Light-controllable tools provide powerful means to manipulate and interrogate brain function with relatively low invasiveness and high spatiotemporal precision. Although optogenetic approaches permit neuronal excitation or inhibition at the network level, other technologies, such as optopharmacology (also known as photopharmacology) have emerged that provide molecular-level control by endowing light sensitivity to endogenous biomolecules. In this Review, we discuss the challenges and opportunities of photocontrolling native neuronal signalling pathways, focusing on ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors. We describe existing strategies for rendering receptors and channels light sensitive and provide an overview of the neuroscientific insights gained from such approaches. At the crossroads of chemistry, protein engineering and neuroscience, optopharmacology offers great potential for understanding the molecular basis of brain function and behaviour, with promises for future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Paoletti
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France.
| | | | - Alexandre Mourot
- Neuroscience Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS), CNRS, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
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30
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Gamboa L, Zamat AH, Kwong GA. Synthetic immunity by remote control. Theranostics 2020; 10:3652-3667. [PMID: 32206114 PMCID: PMC7069089 DOI: 10.7150/thno.41305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based immunotherapies, such as T cells engineered with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), have the potential to cure patients of disease otherwise refractory to conventional treatments. Early-on-treatment and long-term durability of patient responses depend critically on the ability to control the potency of adoptively transferred T cells, as overactivation can lead to complications like cytokine release syndrome, and immunosuppression can result in ineffective responses to therapy. Drugs or biologics (e.g., cytokines) that modulate immune activity are limited by mass transport barriers that reduce the local effective drug concentration, and lack site or target cell specificity that results in toxicity. Emerging technologies that enable site-targeted, remote control of key T cell functions - including proliferation, antigen-sensing, and target-cell killing - have the potential to increase treatment precision and safety profile. These technologies are broadly applicable to other immune cells to expand immune cell therapies across many cancers and diseases. In this review, we highlight the opportunities, challenges and the current state-of-the-art for remote control of synthetic immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Gamboa
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Ali H. Zamat
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Gabriel A. Kwong
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Integrated Cancer Research Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Georgia Immunoengineering Consortium, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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31
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Liu XL, Chen S, Zhang H, Zhou J, Fan HM, Liang XJ. Magnetic Nanomaterials for Advanced Regenerative Medicine: The Promise and Challenges. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1804922. [PMID: 30511746 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The recent emergence of numerous nanotechnologies is expected to facilitate the development of regenerative medicine, which is a tissue regeneration technique based on the replacement/repair of diseased tissue or organs to restore the function of lost, damaged, and aging cells in the human body. In particular, the unique magnetic properties and specific dimensions of magnetic nanomaterials make them promising innovative components capable of significantly advancing the field of tissue regeneration. Their potential applications in tissue regeneration are the focus here, beginning with the fundamentals of magnetic nanomaterials. How nanomaterials-both those that are intrinsically magnetic and those that respond to an externally applied magnetic field-can enhance the efficiency of tissue regeneration is also described. Applications including magnetically controlled cargo delivery and release, real-time visualization and tracking of transplanted cells, magnetic regulation of cell proliferation/differentiation, and magnetic activation of targeted ion channels and signal pathways involved in regeneration are highlighted, and comments on the perspectives and challenges in magnetic nanomaterial-based tissue regeneration are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shizhu Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Tissue Engineering Research Center of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, No. 27, Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Ming Fan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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32
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Li TL, Wang Z, You H, Ong Q, Varanasi VJ, Dong M, Lu B, Paşca SP, Cui B. Engineering a Genetically Encoded Magnetic Protein Crystal. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:6955-6963. [PMID: 31552740 PMCID: PMC7265822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Magnetogenetics is a new field that leverages genetically encoded proteins and protein assemblies that are sensitive to magnetic fields to study and manipulate cell behavior. Theoretical studies show that many proposed magnetogenetic proteins do not contain enough iron to generate substantial magnetic forces. Here, we have engineered a genetically encoded ferritin-containing protein crystal that grows inside mammalian cells. Each of these crystals contains more than 10 million ferritin subunits and is capable of mineralizing substantial amounts of iron. When isolated from cells and loaded with iron in vitro, these crystals generate magnetic forces that are 9 orders of magnitude larger than the forces from the single ferritin cages used in previous studies. These protein crystals are attracted to an applied magnetic field and move toward magnets even when internalized into cells. While additional studies are needed to realize the full potential of magnetogenetics, these results demonstrate the feasibility of engineering protein assemblies for magnetic sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L. Li
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Zegao Wang
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - He You
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qunxiang Ong
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Vamsi J. Varanasi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Mingdong Dong
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Bai Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sergiu P. Paşca
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Bianxiao Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Corresponding Author: Phone: (650) 725-9573.
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Faiq MA, Wollstein G, Schuman JS, Chan KC. Cholinergic nervous system and glaucoma: From basic science to clinical applications. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 72:100767. [PMID: 31242454 PMCID: PMC6739176 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The cholinergic system has a crucial role to play in visual function. Although cholinergic drugs have been a focus of attention as glaucoma medications for reducing eye pressure, little is known about the potential modality for neuronal survival and/or enhancement in visual impairments. Citicoline, a naturally occurring compound and FDA approved dietary supplement, is a nootropic agent that is recently demonstrated to be effective in ameliorating ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, cerebrovascular diseases, memory disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in both humans and animal models. The mechanisms of its action appear to be multifarious including (i) preservation of cardiolipin, sphingomyelin, and arachidonic acid contents of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, (ii) restoration of phosphatidylcholine, (iii) stimulation of glutathione synthesis, (iv) lowering glutamate concentrations and preventing glutamate excitotoxicity, (v) rescuing mitochondrial function thereby preventing oxidative damage and onset of neuronal apoptosis, (vi) synthesis of myelin leading to improvement in neuronal membrane integrity, (vii) improving acetylcholine synthesis and thereby reducing the effects of mental stress and (viii) preventing endothelial dysfunction. Such effects have vouched for citicoline as a neuroprotective, neurorestorative and neuroregenerative agent. Retinal ganglion cells are neurons with long myelinated axons which provide a strong rationale for citicoline use in visual pathway disorders. Since glaucoma is a form of neurodegeneration involving retinal ganglion cells, citicoline may help ameliorate glaucomatous damages in multiple facets. Additionally, trans-synaptic degeneration has been identified in humans and experimental models of glaucoma suggesting the cholinergic system as a new brain target for glaucoma management and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneeb A Faiq
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gadi Wollstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Joel S Schuman
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kevin C Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States; Department of Radiology, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States; Center for Neural Science, Faculty of Arts and Science, New York University, New York, NY, United States.
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34
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Barbic M. Possible magneto-mechanical and magneto-thermal mechanisms of ion channel activation in magnetogenetics. eLife 2019; 8:45807. [PMID: 31373554 PMCID: PMC6693891 DOI: 10.7554/elife.45807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The palette of tools for perturbation of neural activity is continually expanding. On the forefront of this expansion is magnetogenetics, where ion channels are genetically engineered to be closely coupled to the iron-storage protein ferritin. Initial reports on magnetogenetics have sparked a vigorous debate on the plausibility of physical mechanisms of ion channel activation by means of external magnetic fields. The criticism leveled against magnetogenetics as being physically implausible is based on the specific assumptions about the magnetic spin configurations of iron in ferritin. I consider here a wider range of possible spin configurations of iron in ferritin and the consequences these might have in magnetogenetics. I propose several new magneto-mechanical and magneto-thermal mechanisms of ion channel activation that may clarify some of the mysteries that presently challenge our understanding of the reported biological experiments. Finally, I present some additional puzzles that will require further theoretical and experimental investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mladen Barbic
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
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35
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Özgün A, Marote A, Behie LA, Salgado A, Garipcan B. Extremely low frequency magnetic field induces human neuronal differentiation through NMDA receptor activation. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:1281-1290. [PMID: 31317262 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02045-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic fields with different frequency and intensity parameters exhibit a wide range of effects on different biological models. Extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF MF) exposure is known to augment or even initiate neuronal differentiation in several in vitro and in vivo models. This effect holds potential for clinical translation into treatment of neurodegenerative conditions such as autism, Parkinson's disease and dementia by promoting neurogenesis, non-invasively. However, the lack of information on underlying mechanisms hinders further investigation into this phenomenon. Here, we examine involvement of glutamatergic Ca2+ channel, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the process of human neuronal differentiation under ELF MF exposure. We show that human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) differentiate more efficiently under ELF MF exposure in vitro, as demonstrated by the abundance of neuronal markers. Furthermore, they exhibit higher intracellular Ca2+ levels as evidenced by c-fos expression and more elongated mature neurites. We were able to neutralize these effects by blocking NMDA receptors with memantine. As a result, we hypothesize that the effects of ELF MF exposure on neuronal differentiation originate from the effects on NMDA receptors, which sequentially triggers Ca2+-dependent cascades that lead to differentiation. Our findings identify NMDA receptors as a new key player in this field that will aid further research in the pursuit of effect mechanisms of ELF MFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alp Özgün
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ana Marote
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Leo A Behie
- Canada Research Chair in Biomedical Engineering (Emeritus), Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - António Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Bora Garipcan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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36
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Falconieri A, De Vincentiis S, Raffa V. Recent advances in the use of magnetic nanoparticles to promote neuroregeneration. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:1073-1076. [PMID: 31050591 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Falconieri
- Department of Biology, Università di Pisa, S.S. 12 Abetone e Brennero 4, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara De Vincentiis
- Department of Biology, Università di Pisa, S.S. 12 Abetone e Brennero 4, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vittoria Raffa
- Department of Biology, Università di Pisa, S.S. 12 Abetone e Brennero 4, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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37
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Juarez B, Liu Y, Zhang L, Han MH. Optogenetic investigation of neural mechanisms for alcohol-use disorder. Alcohol 2019; 74:29-38. [PMID: 30621856 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Optogenetic techniques have been widely used in the study of neuropsychiatric diseases such as anxiety, depression, and drug addiction. Cell-type specific targeting of optogenetic tools to neurons has contributed to a tremendous understanding of the function of neural circuits for future treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. Though optogenetics has been widely used in many research areas, the use of optogenetic tools to uncover and elucidate neural circuit mechanisms of alcohol's actions in the brain are still developing. Here in this review article, we will provide a basic introduction to optogenetics and discuss how these optogenetic experimental approaches can be used in alcohol studies to reveal neural circuit mechanisms of alcohol's actions in regions implicated in the development of alcohol addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Juarez
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Yutong Liu
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming-Hu Han
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
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38
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Kamm RD, Bashir R, Arora N, Dar RD, Gillette MU, Griffith LG, Kemp ML, Kinlaw K, Levin M, Martin AC, McDevitt TC, Nerem RM, Powers MJ, Saif TA, Sharpe J, Takayama S, Takeuchi S, Weiss R, Ye K, Yevick HG, Zaman MH. Perspective: The promise of multi-cellular engineered living systems. APL Bioeng 2018; 2:040901. [PMID: 31069321 PMCID: PMC6481725 DOI: 10.1063/1.5038337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent technological breakthroughs in our ability to derive and differentiate induced pluripotent stem cells, organoid biology, organ-on-chip assays, and 3-D bioprinting have all contributed to a heightened interest in the design, assembly, and manufacture of living systems with a broad range of potential uses. This white paper summarizes the state of the emerging field of "multi-cellular engineered living systems," which are composed of interacting cell populations. Recent accomplishments are described, focusing on current and potential applications, as well as barriers to future advances, and the outlook for longer term benefits and potential ethical issues that need to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger D. Kamm
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Rashid Bashir
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61820, USA
| | - Natasha Arora
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Roy D. Dar
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61820, USA
| | | | - Linda G. Griffith
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Melissa L. Kemp
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | | | | | - Adam C. Martin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - Robert M. Nerem
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Mark J. Powers
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Frederick, Maryland 21704, USA
| | - Taher A. Saif
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61820, USA
| | - James Sharpe
- EMBL Barcelona, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | | | | | - Ron Weiss
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Kaiming Ye
- Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA
| | - Hannah G. Yevick
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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State-of-the-Art Techniques to Causally Link Neural Plasticity to Functional Recovery in Experimental Stroke Research. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:3846593. [PMID: 29977279 PMCID: PMC5994266 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3846593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Current experimental stroke research faces the same challenge as neuroscience: to transform correlative findings in causative ones. Research of recent years has shown the tremendous potential of the central nervous system to react to noxious stimuli such as a stroke: Increased plastic changes leading to reorganization in form of neuronal rewiring, neurogenesis, and synaptogenesis, accompanied by transcriptional and translational turnover in the affected cells, have been described both clinically and in experimental stroke research. However, only minor attempts have been made to connect distinct plastic remodeling processes as causative features for specific behavioral phenotypes. Here, we review current state-of the art techniques for the examination of cortical reorganization and for the manipulation of neuronal circuits as well as techniques which combine anatomical changes with molecular profiling. We provide the principles of the techniques together with studies in experimental stroke research which have already applied the described methodology. The tools discussed are useful to close the loop from our understanding of stroke pathology to the behavioral outcome and may allow discovering new targets for therapeutic approaches. The here presented methods open up new possibilities to assess the efficiency of rehabilitative strategies by understanding their external influence for intrinsic repair mechanisms on a neurobiological basis.
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40
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Gahl TJ, Kunze A. Force-Mediating Magnetic Nanoparticles to Engineer Neuronal Cell Function. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:299. [PMID: 29867315 PMCID: PMC5962660 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular processes like membrane deformation, cell migration, and transport of organelles are sensitive to mechanical forces. Technically, these cellular processes can be manipulated through operating forces at a spatial precision in the range of nanometers up to a few micrometers through chaperoning force-mediating nanoparticles in electrical, magnetic, or optical field gradients. But which force-mediating tool is more suitable to manipulate cell migration, and which, to manipulate cell signaling? We review here the differences in forces sensation to control and engineer cellular processes inside and outside the cell, with a special focus on neuronal cells. In addition, we discuss technical details and limitations of different force-mediating approaches and highlight recent advancements of nanomagnetics in cell organization, communication, signaling, and intracellular trafficking. Finally, we give suggestions about how force-mediating nanoparticles can be used to our advantage in next-generation neurotherapeutic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anja Kunze
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
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Kiani B, Faivre D, Klumpp S. Self-organization and stability of magnetosome chains-A simulation study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190265. [PMID: 29315342 PMCID: PMC5760029 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria orient in magnetic fields with the help of their magnetosome chain, a linear structure of membrane enclosed magnetic nanoparticles (magnetosomes) anchored to a cytoskeletal filament. Here, we use simulations to study the assembly and the stability of magnetosome chains. We introduce a computational model describing the attachment of the magnetosomes to the filament and their magnetic interactions. We show that the filamentous backbone is crucial for the robust assembly of the magnetic particles into a linear chain, which in turn is key for the functionality of the chain in cellular orientation and magnetically directed swimming. In addition, we simulate the response to an external magnetic field that is rotated away from the axis of the filament, an experimental method used to probe the mechanical stability of the chain. The competition between alignment along the filament and alignment with the external fields leads to the rupture of a chain if the applied field exceeeds a threshold value. These observations are in agreement with previous experiments at the population level. Beyond that, our simulations provide a detailed picture of chain rupture at the single cell level, which is found to happen through two abrupt events, which both depend on the field strength and orientation. The re-formation of the chain structure after such rupture is found to be strongly sped up in the presence of a magnetic field parallel to the filament, an observation that may also be of interest for the design of self-healing materials. Our simulations underline the dynamic nature of the magnetosome chain. More generally, they show the rich complexity of self-assembly in systems with competing driving forces for alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Kiani
- Department Theory & Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Department Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- * E-mail: (BK); (SK)
| | - Damien Faivre
- Department Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stefan Klumpp
- Department Theory & Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Nonlinear Dynamics, Georg August University of Goettingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
- * E-mail: (BK); (SK)
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