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Vijay V, Karisani N, Shi L, Hung YH, Vu P, Kattel P, Kenney L, Merritt J, Adil R, Wu Q, Zhen Y, Morris R, Kreuzer J, Kathiresan M, Herrera Lopez XI, Ellis H, Gritti I, Lecorgne L, Farag I, Popa A, Shen W, Kato H, Xu Q, Balasooriya ER, Wu MJ, Chaturantabut S, Kelley RK, Cleary JM, Lawrence MS, Root D, Benes CH, Deshpande V, Juric D, Sellers WR, Ferrone CR, Haas W, Vazquez F, Getz G, Bardeesy N. Generation of a biliary tract cancer cell line atlas reveals molecular subtypes and therapeutic targets. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.04.601970. [PMID: 39026794 PMCID: PMC11257448 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.04.601970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are a group of deadly malignancies encompassing intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder carcinoma, and ampullary carcinoma. Here, we present the integrative analysis of 63 BTC cell lines via multi-omics clustering and genome- scale CRISPR screens, providing a platform to illuminate BTC biology and inform therapeutic development. We identify dependencies broadly enriched in BTC compared to other cancers as well as dependencies selective to the anatomic subtypes. Notably, cholangiocarcinoma cell lines are stratified into distinct lineage subtypes based on biliary or dual biliary/hepatocyte marker signatures, associated with dependency on specific lineage survival factors. Transcriptional analysis of patient specimens demonstrates the prognostic significance of these lineage subtypes. Additionally, we delineate strategies to enhance targeted therapies or to overcome resistance in cell lines with key driver gene mutations. Furthermore, clustering based on dependencies and proteomics data elucidates unexpected functional relationships, including a BTC subgroup with partial squamous differentiation. Thus, this cell line atlas reveals potential therapeutic targets in molecularly defined BTCs, unveils biologically distinct disease subtypes, and offers a vital resource for BTC research.
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2
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Saviano A, Roehlen N, Baumert TF. Tight Junction Proteins as Therapeutic Targets to Treat Liver Fibrosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Semin Liver Dis 2024; 44:180-190. [PMID: 38648796 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1785646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
In the last decade tight junction proteins exposed at the surface of liver or cancer cells have been uncovered as mediators of liver disease biology: Claudin-1 and Occludin are host factors for hepatitis C virus entry and Claudin-1 has been identified as a driver for liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Moreover, Claudins have emerged as therapeutic targets for liver disease and HCC. CLDN1 expression is upregulated in liver fibrosis and HCC. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting Claudin-1 have completed preclinical proof-of-concept studies for treatment of liver fibrosis and HCC and are currently in clinical development for advanced liver fibrosis. Claudin-6 overexpression is associated with an HCC aggressive phenotype and treatment resistance. Claudin-6 mAbs or chimeric antigen receptor-T cells therapies are currently being clinically investigated for Claudin-6 overexpressing tumors. In conclusion, targeting Claudin proteins offers a novel clinical opportunity for the treatment of patients with advanced liver fibrosis and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Saviano
- Inserm, U1110, Institute of Translational Medicine and Liver Disease, Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Service d'hépato-gastroentérologie, Pôle Hépato-digestif, Institut-Hospitalo-Universitaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Natascha Roehlen
- Department of Medicine II, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Berta-Ottenstein-Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas F Baumert
- Inserm, U1110, Institute of Translational Medicine and Liver Disease, Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Service d'hépato-gastroentérologie, Pôle Hépato-digestif, Institut-Hospitalo-Universitaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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3
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Li MY, Yang XL, Chung CC, Lai YJ, Tsai JC, Kuo YL, Yu JY, Wang TW. TRIP6 promotes neural stem cell maintenance through YAP-mediated Sonic Hedgehog activation. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23501. [PMID: 38411462 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301805rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
In the adult mammalian brain, new neurons are continuously generated from neural stem cells (NSCs) in the subventricular zone (SVZ)-olfactory bulb (OB) pathway. YAP, a transcriptional co-activator of the Hippo pathway, promotes cell proliferation and inhibits differentiation in embryonic neural progenitors. However, the role of YAP in postnatal NSCs remains unclear. Here, we showed that YAP was present in NSCs of the postnatal mouse SVZ. Forced expression of Yap promoted NSC maintenance and inhibited differentiation, whereas depletion of Yap by RNA interference or conditional knockout led to the decline of NSC maintenance, premature neuronal differentiation, and collapse of neurogenesis. For the molecular mechanism, thyroid hormone receptor-interacting protein 6 (TRIP6) recruited protein phosphatase PP1A to dephosphorylate LATS1/2, therefore inducing YAP nuclear localization and activation. Moreover, TRIP6 promoted NSC maintenance, cell proliferation, and inhibited differentiation through YAP. In addition, YAP regulated the expression of the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway effector Gli2 and Gli1/2 mediated the effect of YAP on NSC maintenance. Together, our findings demonstrate a novel TRIP6-YAP-SHH axis, which is critical for regulating postnatal neurogenesis in the SVZ-OB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yang Li
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xiu-Li Yang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Chung
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ju Lai
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Cheng Tsai
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Lin Kuo
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jenn-Yah Yu
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Wei Wang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
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4
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Telfer EE, Grosbois J, Odey YL, Rosario R, Anderson RA. Making a good egg: human oocyte health, aging, and in vitro development. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2623-2677. [PMID: 37171807 PMCID: PMC10625843 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00032.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian eggs (oocytes) are formed during fetal life and establish associations with somatic cells to form primordial follicles that create a store of germ cells (the primordial pool). The size of this pool is influenced by key events during the formation of germ cells and by factors that influence the subsequent activation of follicle growth. These regulatory pathways must ensure that the reserve of oocytes within primordial follicles in humans lasts for up to 50 years, yet only approximately 0.1% will ever be ovulated with the rest undergoing degeneration. This review outlines the mechanisms and regulatory pathways that govern the processes of oocyte and follicle formation and later growth, within the ovarian stroma, through to ovulation with particular reference to human oocytes/follicles. In addition, the effects of aging on female reproductive capacity through changes in oocyte number and quality are emphasized, with both the cellular mechanisms and clinical implications discussed. Finally, the details of current developments in culture systems that support all stages of follicle growth to generate mature oocytes in vitro and emerging prospects for making new oocytes from stem cells are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn E Telfer
- Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Johanne Grosbois
- Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Yvonne L Odey
- Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Roseanne Rosario
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Richard A Anderson
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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5
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Zhang M, Liu C, Zhao L, Zhang X, Su Y. The Emerging Role of Protein Phosphatase in Regeneration. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051216. [PMID: 37240861 DOI: 10.3390/life13051216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining normal cellular behavior is essential for the survival of organisms. One of the main mechanisms to control cellular behavior is protein phosphorylation. The process of protein phosphorylation is reversible under the regulation of protein kinases and protein phosphatases. The importance of kinases in numerous cellular processes has been well recognized. In recent years, protein phosphatases have also been demonstrated to function actively and specifically in various cellular processes and thus have gained more and more attention from researchers. In the animal kingdom, regeneration frequently occurs to replace or repair damaged or missing tissues. Emerging evidence has revealed that protein phosphatases are crucial for organ regeneration. In this review, after providing a brief overview of the classification of protein phosphatases and their functions in several representative developmental processes, we highlight the critical roles that protein phosphatases play in organ regeneration by summarizing the most recent research on the function and underlying mechanism of protein phosphatase in the regeneration of the liver, bone, neuron, and heart in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Zhang
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chenglin Liu
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Long Zhao
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xuejiao Zhang
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ying Su
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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6
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Brauer BL, Wiredu K, Gerber SA, Kettenbach AN. Evaluation of Quantification and Normalization Strategies for Phosphoprotein Phosphatase Affinity Proteomics: Application to Breast Cancer Signaling. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:47-61. [PMID: 36448918 PMCID: PMC10625046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Accurate quantification of proteomics data is essential for revealing and understanding biological signaling processes. We have recently developed a chemical proteomic strategy termed phosphatase inhibitor beads and mass spectrometry (PIB-MS) to investigate endogenous phosphoprotein phosphatase (PPP) dephosphorylation signaling. Here, we compare the robustness and reproducibility of status quo quantification methods for optimal performance and ease of implementation. We then apply PIB-MS to an array of breast cancer cell lines to determine differences in PPP signaling between subtypes. Breast cancer, a leading cause of cancer death in women, consists of three main subtypes: estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), human epidermal growth factor receptor two positive (HER2+), and triple-negative (TNBC). Although there are effective treatment strategies for ER+ and HER2+ subtypes, tumors become resistant and progress. Furthermore, TNBC has few targeted therapies. Therefore, there is a need to identify new approaches for treating breast cancers. Using PIB-MS, we distinguished TNBC from non-TNBC based on subtype-specific PPP holoenzyme composition. In addition, we identified an increase in PPP interactions with Hippo pathway proteins in TNBC. These interactions suggest that phosphatases in TNBC play an inhibitory role on the Hippo pathway and correlate with increased expression of YAP/TAZ target genes both in TNBC cell lines and in TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke L. Brauer
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Kwame Wiredu
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Scott A. Gerber
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
| | - Arminja N. Kettenbach
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
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7
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Nakashima Y, Yoshida S, Tsukahara M. Semi-three-dimensional cultures using laminin 221 as a coating material for human induced pluripotent stem cells. Regen Biomater 2022; 9:rbac060. [PMID: 36176714 PMCID: PMC9514851 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbac060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It was previously believed that human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) did not show adhesion to the coating material Laminin 221, which is known to have specific affinity for cardiomyocytes. In this study, we report that human mononuclear cell-derived hiPSCs, established with Sendai virus vector, form peninsular-like colonies rather than embryonic stem cell-like colonies; these peninsular-like colonies can be passaged more than 10 times after establishment. Additionally, initialization-deficient cells with residual Sendai virus vector adhered to the coating material Laminin 511 but not to Laminin 221. Therefore, the expression of undifferentiated markers tended to be higher in hiPSCs established on Laminin 221 than on Laminin 511. On Laminin 221, hiPSCs15M66 showed a semi-floating colony morphology. The expression of various markers of cell polarity was significantly lower in hiPSCs cultured on Laminin 221 than in hiPSCs cultured on Laminin 511. Furthermore, 201B7 and 15M66 hiPSCs showed 3D cardiomyocyte differentiation on Laminin 221. Thus, the coating material Laminin 221 provides semi-floating culture conditions for the establishment, culture and induced differentiation of hiPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Nakashima
- Kyoto University Center for iPS Cell Research and Application Foundation (CiRA Foundation), Facility for iPS Cell Therapy (FiT) , Kyoto, 606-8397, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Yoshida
- Kyoto University Center for iPS Cell Research and Application Foundation (CiRA Foundation), Facility for iPS Cell Therapy (FiT) , Kyoto, 606-8397, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Tsukahara
- Kyoto University Center for iPS Cell Research and Application Foundation (CiRA Foundation), Facility for iPS Cell Therapy (FiT) , Kyoto, 606-8397, Japan
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8
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Lv T, Xu J, Yuan H, Wang J, Jiang X. Dual Function of Par3 in Tumorigenesis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:915957. [PMID: 35875120 PMCID: PMC9305838 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.915957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell maintenance and the establishment of cell polarity involve complicated interactions among multiple protein complexes as well as the regulation of different signaling pathways. As an important cell polarity protein, Par3 is evolutionarily conserved and involved in tight junction formation as well as tumorigenesis. In this review, we aimed to explore the function of Par3 in tumorigenesis. Research has shown that Par3 exhibits dual functions in human cancers, both tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressive. Here, we focus on the activities of Par3 in different stages and types of tumors, aiming to offer a new perspective on the molecular mechanisms that regulate the functions of Par3 in tumor development. Tumor origin, tumor microenvironment, tumor type, cell density, cell–cell contact, and the synergistic effect of Par3 and other tumor-associated signaling pathways may be important reasons for the dual function of Par3. The important role of Par3 in mammalian tumorigenesis and potential signaling pathways is context dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lv
- Centre for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, China
- Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Fruit Wine, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province Universities of Qujing Natural History and Early Vertebrate Evolution, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, China
| | - Jiashun Xu
- Centre for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, China
| | - Hemei Yuan
- Centre for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, China
| | - Jianling Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, China
- *Correspondence: Jianling Wang, ; Xinni Jiang,
| | - Xinni Jiang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jianling Wang, ; Xinni Jiang,
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9
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Cui R, Chen D, Li N, Cai M, Wan T, Zhang X, Zhang M, Du S, Ou H, Jiao J, Jiang N, Zhao S, Song H, Song X, Ma D, Zhang J, Li S. PARD3 gene variation as candidate cause of nonsyndromic cleft palate only. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4292-4304. [PMID: 35789100 PMCID: PMC9344820 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsyndromic cleft palate only (NSCP) is a common congenital malformation worldwide. In this study, we report a three‐generation pedigree with NSCP following the autosomal‐dominant pattern. Whole‐exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing revealed that only the frameshift variant c.1012dupG [p. E338Gfs*26] in PARD3 cosegregated with the disease. In zebrafish embryos, ethmoid plate patterning defects were observed with PARD3 ortholog disruption or expression of patient‐derived N‐terminal truncating PARD3 (c.1012dupG), which implicated PARD3 in ethmoid plate morphogenesis. PARD3 plays vital roles in determining cellular polarity. Compared with the apical distribution of wild‐type PARD3, PARD3‐p. E338Gfs*26 mainly localized to the basal membrane in 3D‐cultured MCF‐10A epithelial cells. The interaction between PARD3‐p. E338Gfs*26 and endogenous PARD3 was identified by LC–MS/MS and validated by co‐IP. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that PARD3‐p. E338Gfs*26 substantially altered the localization of endogenous PARD3 to the basement membrane in 3D‐cultured MCF‐10A cells. Furthermore, seven variants, including one nonsense variant and six missense variants, were identified in the coding region of PARD3 in sporadic cases with NSCP. Subsequent analysis showed that PARD3‐p. R133*, like the insertion variant of c.1012dupG, also changed the localization of endogenous full‐length PARD3 and that its expression induced abnormal ethmoid plate morphogenesis in zebrafish. Based on these data, we reveal PARD3 gene variation as a novel candidate cause of nonsyndromic cleft palate only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Cui
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingli Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Central Hospital of Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Cai
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Teng Wan
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueqiang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Central Hospital of Handan, Hebei, China.,Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Central Hospital of Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Meiqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sichen Du
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huayuan Ou
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Jiao
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Central Hospital of Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuangxia Zhao
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaidong Song
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuedong Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Central Hospital of Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Duan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shouxia Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Central Hospital of Handan, Hebei, China
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10
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Chen Y, Che M, Li C, Li Y, Zhang T, Li X, Sun C. PP1A prevents ROS-induced pyroptosis by inhibiting MAPK/caspase-3 in mouse adipose tissue. FEBS J 2022; 289:3839-3853. [PMID: 35080339 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a type of programmed cell death triggered by a variety of exogenous stimuli, playing important roles in the development of cells. Recent studies have shown that pyroptosis also occurs in human and mouse adipocytes. The serine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit α (PP1A) is located in the nucleus and functions in the regulation of cell development, glucose metabolism and protein synthesis. PP1A can also target important proteins in the process of apoptosis. However, it is still unclear whether PP1A participates in the regulation of pyroptosis in mouse adipocytes. In the present study, we investigated the function of PP1A in reactive oxygen species-induced pyroptosis and the related mechanism in mouse adipose tissue. Our results demonstrated that PP1A suppressed pyroptosis in adipocytes by inhibiting the reactive oxygen species/mitogen-activated protein kinase/caspase-3 signaling pathway and promoting M2 macrophage polarization. This experiment provides a theoretical basis for understanding the regulatory function and mechanism of PP1A in pyroptosis caused by oxidative stress in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhe Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Meng Che
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chaowei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yizhou Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xinjian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chao Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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11
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Dubois F, Bazille C, Levallet J, Maille E, Brosseau S, Madelaine J, Bergot E, Zalcman G, Levallet G. Molecular Alterations in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: A Hope for Effective Treatment by Targeting YAP. Target Oncol 2022; 17:407-431. [PMID: 35906513 PMCID: PMC9345804 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-022-00900-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a rare and aggressive neoplasm, which has primarily been attributed to the exposure to asbestos fibers (83% of cases); yet, despite a ban of using asbestos in many countries, the incidence of malignant pleural mesothelioma failed to decline worldwide. While little progress has been made in malignant pleural mesothelioma diagnosis, bevacizumab at first, then followed by double immunotherapy (nivolumab plus ipilumumab), were all shown to improve survival in large phase III randomized trials. The morphological analysis of the histological subtyping remains the primary indicator for therapeutic decision making at an advanced disease stage, while a platinum-based chemotherapy regimen combined with pemetrexed, either with or without bevacizumab, is still the main treatment option. Consequently, malignant pleural mesothelioma still represents a significant health concern owing to poor median survival (12-18 months). Given this context, both diagnosis and therapy improvements require better knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying malignant pleural mesothelioma's carcinogenesis and progression. Hence, the Hippo pathway in malignant pleural mesothelioma initiation and progression has recently received increasing attention, as the aberrant expression of its core components may be closely related to patient prognosis. The purpose of this review was to provide a critical analysis of our current knowledge on these topics, the main focus being on the available evidence concerning the role of each Hippo pathway's member as a promising biomarker, enabling detection of the disease at earlier stages and thus improving prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatéméh Dubois
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CNRS, ISTCT Unit, Avenue H. Becquerel, 14074, Caen, France.,Department of Pathology, CHU de Caen, Caen, France.,Federative Structure of Cyto-Molecular Oncogenetics (SF-MOCAE), CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Céline Bazille
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CNRS, ISTCT Unit, Avenue H. Becquerel, 14074, Caen, France.,Department of Pathology, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Jérôme Levallet
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CNRS, ISTCT Unit, Avenue H. Becquerel, 14074, Caen, France
| | - Elodie Maille
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CNRS, ISTCT Unit, Avenue H. Becquerel, 14074, Caen, France
| | - Solenn Brosseau
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and CIC1425, Hospital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France.,U830 INSERM "Genetics and Biology of Cancers, A.R.T Group", Curie Institute, Paris, France
| | - Jeannick Madelaine
- Department of Pulmonology and Thoracic Oncology, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Emmanuel Bergot
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CNRS, ISTCT Unit, Avenue H. Becquerel, 14074, Caen, France.,Department of Pulmonology and Thoracic Oncology, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Gérard Zalcman
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and CIC1425, Hospital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France.,U830 INSERM "Genetics and Biology of Cancers, A.R.T Group", Curie Institute, Paris, France
| | - Guénaëlle Levallet
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CNRS, ISTCT Unit, Avenue H. Becquerel, 14074, Caen, France. .,Department of Pathology, CHU de Caen, Caen, France. .,Federative Structure of Cyto-Molecular Oncogenetics (SF-MOCAE), CHU de Caen, Caen, France.
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12
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Integrated Analysis of mRNAs and Long Non-Coding RNAs Expression of Oviduct That Provides Novel Insights into the Prolificacy Mechanism of Goat ( Capra hircus). Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13061031. [PMID: 35741792 PMCID: PMC9222479 DOI: 10.3390/genes13061031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial directional selection has replaced natural selection and resulted in trait differences across breeds in domestic animal breeding. However, the molecular mechanism by which the oviduct regulates litter size remains largely elusive in goats during the follicular phase. Accumulating data have linked lncRNAs to reproductive activities; however, little is known about the modulation mechanism in the oviduct. Herein, RNA-seq was used to measure mRNA and lncRNA expression levels in low- and high-fecundity goats. We observed distinctive differences in mRNA and lncRNA in terms of different kidding numbers and detected the differential expression of 1640 mRNA transcripts and 271 lncRNA transcripts. Enrichment analysis of differentially expressed mRNAs (DEGs) suggested that multiple pathways, such as the AMPK, PI3K–Akt, calcium signaling pathway, oocyte meiosis, ABC transporter, and ECM–receptor interaction pathways, directly or indirectly affected goat reproduction. Additionally, coexpression of differentially expressed lncRNAs (DEL)-genes analysis showed that XLOC_021615, XLOC_119780, and XLOC_076450 were trans-acting as the DEGs ATAD2, DEPDC5, and TRPM6, respectively, and could regulate embryo development. Moreover, XLOC_020079, XLOC_107361, XLOC_169844, XLOC_252348 were the trans-regulated elements of the DEGs ARHGEF2 and RAPGEF6, and the target DEGs CPEB3 of XLOC_089239, XLOC_090063, XLOC_107409, XLOC_153574, XLOC_211271, XLOC_251687 were associated with prolificacy. Collectively, our study has offered a thorough dissection of the oviduct lncRNA and mRNA landscapes in goats. These results could serve as potential targets of the oviduct affecting fertility in goats.
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13
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Periodic Heat Stress Licenses EMSC Differentiation into Osteoblasts via YAP Signaling Pathway Activation. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:3715471. [PMID: 35355590 PMCID: PMC8960005 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3715471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The repair and regeneration of large bone defects represent highly challenging tasks in bone tissue engineering. Although recent studies have shown that osteogenesis is stimulated by periodic heat stress, the thermal regulation of osteogenic differentiation in ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) is not well studied. Methods and Results In this study, the direct effects of periodic heat stress on the differentiation of EMSCs into osteoblasts were investigated. EMSCs derived from rat nasal respiratory mucosa were seeded onto culture plates, followed by 1 h of heat stress at 41°C every 7 days during osteogenic differentiation. Based on the results of the present study, periodic heating increases alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, upregulates osteogenic-related proteins, and promotes EMSC mineralization. In particular, increased YAP nuclear translocation and YAP knockdown inhibited osteogenic differentiation induced by heat stress. Furthermore, the expression and activity of transglutaminase 2 (TG2) were significantly increased after YAP nuclear translocation. Conclusion Together, these results indicate that YAP plays a key role in regulating cellular proteostasis under stressful cellular conditions by modulating the TG2 response.
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14
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Han H, Nakaoka HJ, Hofmann L, Zhou JJ, Yu C, Zeng L, Nan J, Seo G, Vargas RE, Yang B, Qi R, Bardwell L, Fishman DA, Cho KWY, Huang L, Luo R, Warrior R, Wang W. The Hippo pathway kinases LATS1 and LATS2 attenuate cellular responses to heavy metals through phosphorylating MTF1. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:74-87. [PMID: 35027733 PMCID: PMC9022944 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00813-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metals are both integral parts of cells and environmental toxicants, and their deregulation is associated with severe cellular dysfunction and various diseases. Here we show that the Hippo pathway plays a critical role in regulating heavy metal homeostasis. Hippo signalling deficiency promotes the transcription of heavy metal response genes and protects cells from heavy metal-induced toxicity, a process independent of its classic downstream effectors YAP and TAZ. Mechanistically, the Hippo pathway kinase LATS phosphorylates and inhibits MTF1, an essential transcription factor in the heavy metal response, resulting in the loss of heavy metal response gene transcription and cellular protection. Moreover, LATS activity is inhibited following heavy metal treatment, where accumulated zinc directly binds and inhibits LATS. Together, our study reveals an interplay between the Hippo pathway and heavy metals, providing insights into this growth-related pathway in tissue homeostasis and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Han
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Hiroki J Nakaoka
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Line Hofmann
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jeff Jiajing Zhou
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Clinton Yu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Lisha Zeng
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Junyu Nan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Gayoung Seo
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Bing Yang
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ruxi Qi
- Cryo-EM Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lee Bardwell
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Dmitry A Fishman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ken W Y Cho
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ray Luo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Rahul Warrior
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Wenqi Wang
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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15
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Li FL, Guan KL. The two sides of Hippo pathway in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 85:33-42. [PMID: 34265423 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway was originally characterized by genetic studies in Drosophila to regulate tissue growth and organ size, and the core components of this pathway are highly conserved in mammals. Studies over the past two decades have revealed critical physiological and pathological functions of the Hippo tumor-suppressor pathway, which is tightly regulated by a broad range of intracellular and extracellular signals. These properties enable the Hippo pathway to serve as an important controller in organismal development and adult tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of the Hippo signaling has been observed in many cancer types, suggesting the possibility of cancer treatment by targeting the Hippo pathway. The general consensus is that Hippo has tumor suppressor function. However, growing evidence also suggests that the function of the Hippo pathway in malignancy is cancer context dependent as recent studies indicating tumor promoting function of LATS. This article surveys the Hippo pathway signaling mechanisms and then reviews both the tumor suppressing and promoting function of this pathway. A comprehensive understanding of the dual roles of the Hippo pathway in cancer will benefit future therapeutic targeting of the Hippo pathway for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Long Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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16
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The polarity protein PARD3 and cancer. Oncogene 2021; 40:4245-4262. [PMID: 34099863 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01813-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tissue disorganisation is one of the main hallmarks of cancer. Polarity proteins are responsible for the arrangement of cells within epithelial tissues through the asymmetric organisation of cellular components. Partition defective 3 (PARD3) is a master regulator of the Par polarity complex primarily due to its ability to form large complexes via its self-homologous binding domain. In addition to its role in polarity, PARD3 is a scaffolding protein that binds to intracellular signalling molecules, many of which are frequently deregulated in cancer. The role of PARD3 has been implicated in multiple solid cancers as either a tumour suppressor or promoter. This dual functionality is both physiologically and cell context dependent. In this review, we will discuss PARD3's role in tumourigenesis in both laboratory and clinical settings. We will also review several of the mechanisms underpinning PARD3's function including its association with intracellular signalling pathways and its role in the regulation of asymmetric cell division.
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17
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Ma Y, Wang L, He F, Yang J, Ding Y, Ge S, Fan X, Zhou Y, Xu X, Jia R. LACTB suppresses melanoma progression by attenuating PP1A and YAP interaction. Cancer Lett 2021; 506:67-82. [PMID: 33675985 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Very limited progress has been made in the management of advanced melanoma, especially melanoma of uveal origin. Lactamase β (LACTB) is a novel tumor suppressor; however, its biological function in melanoma remains unknown. Herein we demonstrated markedly lower LACTB expression levels in melanoma tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of LACTB suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of melanoma cells in vitro. Mechanistically, LACTB inhibited the activity of yes-associated protein (YAP). We showed that the level of phospho-YAP (Serine 127) was increased upon LACTB overexpression, which prevented the translocation of YAP to the nucleus. Further, LACTB could directly bind to PP1A and attenuate the interaction between PP1A and YAP, resulting in decreased YAP dephosphorylation and inactivation in a LATS1-independent manner. Additionally, transfection of phosphorylation-defective YAP mutants reversed LACTB-induced tumor suppression. Upstream, we demonstrated that SOX10 binds to the LACTB promoter and negatively regulates its transcription. Overexpression of LACTB also suppressed the tumorigenicity and lung metastasis of MUM2B uveal melanoma cells in vivo. Taken together, our findings indicate a novel SOX10/LACTB/PP1A signaling cascade that renders YAP inactive and modulates melanoma progression, offering a new therapeutic target for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fanglin He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yixiong Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaofang Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China.
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18
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Tao SC, Huang JY, Li ZX, Zhan S, Guo SC. Small extracellular vesicles with LncRNA H19 "overload": YAP Regulation as a Tendon Repair Therapeutic Tactic. iScience 2021; 24:102200. [PMID: 33733065 PMCID: PMC7937563 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional healing of tendon injuries remains a great challenge. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have received attention as pro-regenerative agents. H19 overexpression could bring tendon regenerative ability, but the mechanism is still not fully elucidated, and reliable method for delivery of long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) was demanded. We identified the downstream mechanism of H19, the activation of yes-associated protein (YAP) via the H19-PP1-YAP axis. We established tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) stably overexpressing H19 with CRISPR-dCas9-based hnRNP A2/B1 activation (H19-CP-TSPCs). H19-OL-sEVs (H19 “overloading” sEVs) could be produced effectively from H19-CP-TSPCs. Only H19-OL-sEVs were able to significantly load large amounts of H19 rather than other competitors, and the potential of H19-OL-sEVs to promote tendon healing was far better than that of other competitors. Our study established a relatively reliable method for enrichment of LncRNAs into sEVs, providing new hints for modularized sEV-based therapies, and modularized sEVs represented a potential strategy for tendon regeneration. H19 overexpression enhances tendon regeneration H19 dephosphorylates and activates YAP hnRNP A2/B1 assists the enrichment of H19 into sEVs H19-OL-sEVs promote tendon regeneration
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Cong Tao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Ji-Yan Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 185 Pu'an Road, Shanghai 200021, China
| | - Zi-Xiang Li
- Department of Medicine, Soochou University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Shi Zhan
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Shang-Chun Guo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China.,Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
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19
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Zhou R, Wu Q, Wang M, Irani S, Li X, Zhang Q, Meng F, Liu S, Zhang F, Wu L, Lin X, Wang X, Zou J, Song H, Qin J, Liang T, Feng XH, Zhang YJ, Xu P. The protein phosphatase PPM1A dephosphorylates and activates YAP to govern mammalian intestinal and liver regeneration. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001122. [PMID: 33630828 PMCID: PMC7978383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo-YAP pathway responds to diverse environmental cues to manage tissue homeostasis, organ regeneration, tumorigenesis, and immunity. However, how phosphatase(s) directly target Yes-associated protein (YAP) and determine its physiological activity are still inconclusive. Here, we utilized an unbiased phosphatome screening and identified protein phosphatase magnesium-dependent 1A (PPM1A/PP2Cα) as the bona fide and physiological YAP phosphatase. We found that PPM1A was associated with YAP/TAZ in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus to directly eliminate phospho-S127 on YAP, which conferring YAP the nuclear distribution and transcription potency. Accordingly, genetic ablation or depletion of PPM1A in cells, organoids, and mice elicited an enhanced YAP/TAZ cytoplasmic retention and resulted in the diminished cell proliferation, severe gut regeneration defects in colitis, and impeded liver regeneration upon injury. These regeneration defects in murine model were largely rescued via a genetic large tumor suppressor kinase 1 (LATS1) deficiency or the pharmacological inhibition of Hippo-YAP signaling. Therefore, we identify a physiological phosphatase of YAP/TAZ, describe its critical effects in YAP/TAZ cellular distribution, and demonstrate its physiological roles in mammalian organ regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyuan Zhou
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qirou Wu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengqiu Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Seema Irani
- Department of Molecular Biosciences; Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xiao Li
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fansen Meng
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengduo Liu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liming Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia Lin
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xiaojian Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zou
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai Song
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Hua Feng
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yan Jessie Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences; Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Pinglong Xu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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20
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Bhattacharya S, Mereness JA, Baran AM, Misra RS, Peterson DR, Ryan RM, Reynolds AM, Pryhuber GS, Mariani TJ. Lymphocyte-Specific Biomarkers Associated With Preterm Birth and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Front Immunol 2021; 11:563473. [PMID: 33552042 PMCID: PMC7859626 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.563473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Many premature babies who are born with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) go on to develop Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) and later Post-Prematurity Respiratory Disease (PRD) at one year corrected age, characterized by persistent or recurrent lower respiratory tract symptoms frequently related to inflammation and viral infection. Transcriptomic profiles were generated from sorted peripheral blood CD8+ T cells of preterm and full-term infants enrolled with consent in the NHLBI Prematurity and Respiratory Outcomes Program (PROP) at the University of Rochester and the University at Buffalo. We identified outcome-related gene expression patterns following standard methods to identify markers for oxygen utilization and BPD as outcomes in extremely premature infants. We further identified predictor gene sets for BPD based on transcriptomic data adjusted for gestational age at birth (GAB). RNA-Seq analysis was completed for CD8+ T cells from 145 subjects. Among the subjects with highest risk for BPD (born at <29 weeks gestational age (GA); n=72), 501 genes were associated with oxygen utilization. In the same set of subjects, 571 genes were differentially expressed in subjects with a diagnosis of BPD and 105 genes were different in BPD subjects as defined by physiologic challenge. A set of 92 genes could predict BPD with a moderately high degree of accuracy. We consistently observed dysregulation of TGFB, NRF2, HIPPO, and CD40-associated pathways in BPD. Using gene expression data from both premature and full-term subjects (n=116), we identified a 28 gene set that predicted the PRD status with a moderately high level of accuracy, which also were involved in TGFB signaling. Transcriptomic data from sort-purified peripheral blood CD8+ T cells from 145 preterm and full-term infants identified sets of molecular markers of inflammation associated with independent development of BPD in extremely premature infants at high risk for the disease and of PRD among the preterm and full-term subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyaroop Bhattacharya
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Jared A Mereness
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Andrea M Baran
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Ravi S Misra
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Derick R Peterson
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Rita M Ryan
- Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | | | - Gloria S Pryhuber
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Thomas J Mariani
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
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21
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Grosbois J, Devos M, Demeestere I. Implications of Nonphysiological Ovarian Primordial Follicle Activation for Fertility Preservation. Endocr Rev 2020; 41:5882019. [PMID: 32761180 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnaa020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, ovarian tissue cryopreservation has rapidly developed as a successful method for preserving the fertility of girls and young women with cancer or benign conditions requiring gonadotoxic therapy, and is now becoming widely recognized as an effective alternative to oocyte and embryo freezing when not feasible. Primordial follicles are the most abundant population of follicles in the ovary, and their relatively quiescent metabolism makes them more resistant to cryoinjury. This dormant pool represents a key target for fertility preservation strategies as a resource for generating high-quality oocytes. However, development of mature, competent oocytes derived from primordial follicles is challenging, particularly in larger mammals. One of the main barriers is the substantial knowledge gap regarding the regulation of the balance between dormancy and activation of primordial follicles to initiate their growing phase. In addition, experimental and clinical factors also affect dormant follicle demise, while the mechanisms involved remain largely to be elucidated. Moreover, most of our basic knowledge of these processes comes from rodent studies and should be extrapolated to humans with caution, considering the differences between species in the reproductive field. Overcoming these obstacles is essential to improving both the quantity and the quality of mature oocytes available for further fertilization, and may have valuable biological and clinical applications, especially in fertility preservation procedures. This review provides an update on current knowledge of mammalian primordial follicle activation under both physiological and nonphysiological conditions, and discusses implications for fertility preservation and priorities for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne Grosbois
- Research Laboratory in Human Reproduction, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Melody Devos
- Research Laboratory in Human Reproduction, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Demeestere
- Research Laboratory in Human Reproduction, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
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22
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Sarmasti Emami S, Zhang D, Yang X. Interaction of the Hippo Pathway and Phosphatases in Tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2438. [PMID: 32867200 PMCID: PMC7564220 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is an emerging tumor suppressor signaling pathway involved in a wide range of cellular processes. Dysregulation of different components of the Hippo signaling pathway is associated with a number of diseases including cancer. Therefore, identification of the Hippo pathway regulators and the underlying mechanism of its regulation may be useful to uncover new therapeutics for cancer therapy. The Hippo signaling pathway includes a set of kinases that phosphorylate different proteins in order to phosphorylate and inactivate its main downstream effectors, YAP and TAZ. Thus, modulating phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the Hippo components by kinases and phosphatases play critical roles in the regulation of the signaling pathway. While information regarding kinase regulation of the Hippo pathway is abundant, the role of phosphatases in regulating this pathway is just beginning to be understood. In this review, we summarize the most recent reports on the interaction of phosphatases and the Hippo pathway in tumorigenesis. We have also introduced challenges in clarifying the role of phosphatases in the Hippo pathway and future direction of crosstalk between phosphatases and the Hippo pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaolong Yang
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (S.S.E.); (D.Z.)
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23
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ROCK and RHO Playlist for Preimplantation Development: Streaming to HIPPO Pathway and Apicobasal Polarity in the First Cell Differentiation. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY EMBRYOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY 2020; 229:47-68. [PMID: 29177764 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63187-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In placental mammalian development, the first cell differentiation produces two distinct lineages that emerge according to their position within the embryo: the trophectoderm (TE, placenta precursor) differentiates in the surface, while the inner cell mass (ICM, fetal body precursor) forms inside. Here, we discuss how such position-dependent lineage specifications are regulated by the RHOA subfamily of small GTPases and RHO-associated coiled-coil kinases (ROCK). Recent studies in mouse show that activities of RHO/ROCK are required to promote TE differentiation and to concomitantly suppress ICM formation. RHO/ROCK operate through the HIPPO signaling pathway, whose cell position-specific modulation is central to establishing unique gene expression profiles that confer cell fate. In particular, activities of RHO/ROCK are essential in outside cells to promote nuclear localization of transcriptional co-activators YAP/TAZ, the downstream effectors of HIPPO signaling. Nuclear localization of YAP/TAZ depends on the formation of apicobasal polarity in outside cells, which requires activities of RHO/ROCK. We propose models of how RHO/ROCK regulate lineage specification and lay out challenges for future investigations to deepen our understanding of the roles of RHO/ROCK in preimplantation development. Finally, as RHO/ROCK may be inhibited by certain pharmacological agents, we discuss their potential impact on human preimplantation development in relation to fertility preservation in women.
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24
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Pocaterra A, Romani P, Dupont S. YAP/TAZ functions and their regulation at a glance. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/2/jcs230425. [PMID: 31996398 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.230425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
YAP and TAZ proteins are transcriptional coactivators encoded by paralogous genes, which shuttle between the cytoplasm and the nucleus in response to multiple inputs, including the Hippo pathway. In the nucleus, they pair with DNA-binding factors of the TEAD family to regulate gene expression. Nuclear YAP/TAZ promote cell proliferation, organ overgrowth, survival to stress and dedifferentiation of post-mitotic cells into their respective tissue progenitors. YAP/TAZ are required for growth of embryonic tissues, wound healing and organ regeneration, where they are activated by cell-intrinsic and extrinsic cues. Surprisingly, this activity is dispensable in many adult self-renewing tissues, where YAP/TAZ are constantly kept in check. YAP/TAZ lay at the center of a complex regulatory network including cell-autonomous factors but also cell- and tissue-level structural features such as the mechanical properties of the cell microenvironment, the establishment of cell-cell junctions and of basolateral tissue polarity. Enhanced levels and activity of YAP/TAZ are observed in many cancers, where they sustain tumor growth, drug resistance and malignancy. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we review the biological functions of YAP/TAZ and their regulatory mechanisms, and highlight their position at the center of a complex signaling network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Pocaterra
- University of Padova, Department of Molecular Medicine, via Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Patrizia Romani
- University of Padova, Department of Molecular Medicine, via Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Sirio Dupont
- University of Padova, Department of Molecular Medicine, via Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
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25
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St-Jean G, Tsoi M, Abedini A, Levasseur A, Rico C, Morin M, Djordjevic B, Miinalainen I, Kaarteenaho R, Paquet M, Gévry N, Boyer A, Vanderhyden B, Boerboom D. Lats1 and Lats2 are required for the maintenance of multipotency in the Müllerian duct mesenchyme. Development 2019; 146:dev.180430. [PMID: 31575647 DOI: 10.1242/dev.180430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
WNT signaling plays essential roles in the development and function of the female reproductive tract. Although crosstalk with the Hippo pathway is a key regulator of WNT signaling, whether Hippo itself plays a role in female reproductive biology remains largely unknown. Here, we show that conditional deletion of the key Hippo kinases Lats1 and Lats2 in mouse Müllerian duct mesenchyme cells caused them to adopt the myofibroblast cell fate, resulting in profound reproductive tract developmental defects and sterility. Myofibroblast differentiation was attributed to increased YAP and TAZ expression (but not to altered WNT signaling), leading to the direct transcriptional upregulation of Ctgf and the activation of the myofibroblast genetic program. Müllerian duct mesenchyme cells also became myofibroblasts in male mutant embryos, which impeded the development of the male reproductive tract and resulted in cryptorchidism. The inactivation of Lats1/2 in differentiated uterine stromal cells in vitro did not compromise their ability to decidualize, suggesting that Hippo is dispensable during implantation. We conclude that Hippo signaling is required to suppress the myofibroblast genetic program and maintain multipotency in Müllerian mesenchyme cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume St-Jean
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Mayra Tsoi
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Atefeh Abedini
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Adrien Levasseur
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Charlène Rico
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Martin Morin
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Bojana Djordjevic
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | | | - Riitta Kaarteenaho
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, 90029, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marilène Paquet
- Département de Pathologie et de Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Nicolas Gévry
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Alexandre Boyer
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Barbara Vanderhyden
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Derek Boerboom
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 7C6, Canada
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26
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Rahmat MB, Zhang S, Koh CG. POPX2 is a novel LATS phosphatase that regulates the Hippo pathway. Oncotarget 2019; 10:1525-1538. [PMID: 30863499 PMCID: PMC6407677 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway regulates cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis and differentiation. During carcinogenesis, members of the Hippo pathway are mutated to avoid anoikis and promote anchorage independent growth. Although many regulators of the Hippo pathway have been reported, negative regulators of the hippo kinases are not well studied. Through an interactome screen, we found that POPX2 phosphatase interacts with several of the Hippo pathway core kinases, including LATS1 which is the direct kinase regulating the transcription co-activators, YAP and TAZ. Phosphorylated YAP/TAZ are retained in the cytoplasm and prevented from translocation into the nucleus to activate transcription of target genes. We found that POPX2 could dephosphorylate LATS1 on Threonine-1079, leading to inactivation of LATS1 kinase. As a result, YAP/TAZ are not phosphorylated and are able to translocate into the nucleus to activate target genes involved in cell proliferation. Furthermore, POPX2 knock-out using CRISPR in the highly metastatic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells results in decreased cell proliferation and impairment of anchorage independent growth. We propose that POPX2 act as a suppressor of the Hippo pathway through LATS1 dephosphorylation and inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Songjing Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Cheng-Gee Koh
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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27
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Abstract
YAP/TAZ activity is regulated by a complex network of signals that include the Hippo pathway, cell polarity complexes, and signaling receptors of the RTK, GPCR, and WNT pathways and by a seamlessly expanding number of intracellular cues including energy and mevalonate metabolism. Among these inputs, we here concentrate on mechanical cues embedded in the extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment, which are key regulators of YAP/TAZ activity. We review the techniques that have been used to study mechano-regulation of YAP/TAZ, including conceptual and practical considerations on how these experiments should be designed and controlled. Finally, we briefly review the most appropriate techniques to monitor YAP/TAZ activity in these experiments and their significance to study the mechanisms linking YAP/TAZ to mechanical cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirio Dupont
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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28
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Loss of Par3 promotes prostatic tumorigenesis by enhancing cell growth and changing cell division modes. Oncogene 2018; 38:2192-2205. [PMID: 30467379 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0580-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Although cell polarity plays an important role in epithelial tumorigenesis, the consequence of polarity protein loss in prostatic tumorigenesis and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Using conditional knockout mouse models, we found in the current study that loss of polarity protein Par3 increases prostatic epithelial cell growth, elevates symmetrical cell divisions in basal cells, and randomizes spindle orientation in luminal cells, causing the development of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). Mechanistically, loss of Par3 dissociates the Par3/merlin/Lats1 complex, consequently inhibiting phosphorylation of Lats1 to attenuate the Hippo pathway. Furthermore, attenuated Hippo pathway enhances nuclear translocation of Yes-associated protein (YAP), which promotes cell proliferation and symmetrical cell divisions through transcriptional activation of Ki-67 and Sox2. In addition, Lats1 dephosphorylation impairs its interaction with G protein signaling modulator 2 (GPSM2, which is also known as LGN) that causes randomization of spindle orientation in luminal cells. Interestingly, co-deletion of Par3 and Lats1 for complete blockade of the Hippo pathway in mice results in prostate tumor initiation, whereas co-deletion of Par3 and YAP for disrupting YAP nuclear translocation reverses the phenotypes to a relatively normal state. Therefore, our findings highlight combination of Par3 loss and blockade of the Hippo pathway as a novel mechanism for prostatic tumorigenesis.
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29
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PARD3 dysfunction in conjunction with dynamic HIPPO signaling drives cortical enlargement with massive heterotopia. Genes Dev 2018; 32:763-780. [PMID: 29899142 PMCID: PMC6049519 DOI: 10.1101/gad.313171.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Liu et al. investigated the molecular mechanisms regulating the proper organization and orderly mitosis of radial glial progenitors (RGPs), which drive the formation of a laminated mammalian cortex in the correct size. They show that RGP behavior and cortical development are controlled by partitioning-defective 3 (PARD3) in concert with dynamic HIPPO and NOTCH signaling regulation, thus providing new insights into mammalian cortical development. Proper organization and orderly mitosis of radial glial progenitors (RGPs) drive the formation of a laminated mammalian cortex in the correct size. However, the molecular underpinnings of the intricate process remain largely unclear. Here we show that RGP behavior and cortical development are controlled by temporally distinct actions of partitioning-defective 3 (PARD3) in concert with dynamic HIPPO signaling. RGPs lacking PARD3 exhibit developmental stage-dependent abnormal switches in division mode, resulting in an initial overproduction of RGPs located largely outside the ventricular zone at the expense of deep-layer neurons. Ectopically localized RGPs subsequently undergo accelerated and excessive neurogenesis, leading to the formation of an enlarged cortex with massive heterotopia and increased seizure susceptibility. Simultaneous removal of HIPPO pathway effectors Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) suppresses cortical enlargement and heterotopia formation. These results define a dynamic regulatory program of mammalian cortical development and highlight a progenitor origin of megalencephaly with ribbon heterotopia and epilepsy.
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30
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Wang X, Ha T, Liu L, Hu Y, Kao R, Kalbfleisch J, Williams D, Li C. TLR3 Mediates Repair and Regeneration of Damaged Neonatal Heart through Glycolysis Dependent YAP1 Regulated miR-152 Expression. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:966-982. [PMID: 29358670 PMCID: PMC5943401 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-017-0036-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated whether TLR3 is required for neonatal heart repair and regeneration following myocardial infarction (MI). TLR3 deficient neonatal mice exhibited impaired cardiac functional recovery and a larger infarct size, while wild type neonatal mice showed cardiac functional recovery and small infarct size after MI. The data suggest that TLR3 is essential for the regeneration and repair of damaged neonatal myocardium. In vitro treatment of neonatal cardiomyocytes with a TLR3 ligand, Poly (I:C), significantly enhances glycolytic metabolism, YAP1 activation and proliferation of cardiomyocytes which were prevented by a glycolysis inhibitor, 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG). Administration of 2-DG to neonatal mice abolished cardiac functional recovery and YAP activation after MI, suggesting that TLR3-mediated regeneration and repair of the damaged neonatal myocardium is through glycolytic-dependent YAP1 activation. Inhibition of YAP1 activation abolished Poly (I:C) induced proliferation of neonatal cardiomyocytes. Interestingly, activation of YAP1 increases the expression of miR-152 which represses the expression of cell cycle inhibitory proteins, P27kip1 and DNMT1, leading to cardiomyocyte proliferation. We conclude that TLR3 is required for neonatal heart regeneration and repair after MI. The mechanisms involve glycolytic-dependent YAP1 activation, resulting in miR-152 expression which targets DNMT1/p27kip1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- Departments of Surgery, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.,Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Tuanzhu Ha
- Departments of Surgery, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.,Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanping Hu
- Departments of Surgery, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.,Department of Pharmacy, the Binhu Hospital of Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Race Kao
- Departments of Surgery, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.,Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - John Kalbfleisch
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.,Biometry and Medical Computing and East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - David Williams
- Departments of Surgery, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.,Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Chuanfu Li
- Departments of Surgery, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA. .,Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.
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31
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Wigerius M, Quinn D, Diab A, Clattenburg L, Kolar A, Qi J, Krueger SR, Fawcett JP. The polarity protein Angiomotin p130 controls dendritic spine maturation. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:715-730. [PMID: 29317530 PMCID: PMC5800806 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201705184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Wigerius et al. identify the polarity protein AMOT-130 as vital for dendritic spine morphogenesis. They show that reduced Lats1 kinase activity in the neonatal brain is required for the recruitment of AMOT-130 to postsynaptic compartments to stabilize dendritic spines. The actin cytoskeleton is essential for the structural changes in dendritic spines that lead to the formation of new synapses. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying spine formation are well characterized, the events that drive spine maturation during development are largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that Angiomotin (AMOT-130) is necessary for spine stabilization. AMOT-130 is enriched in mature dendritic spines and functions to stabilize the actin cytoskeleton by coupling F-actin to postsynaptic protein scaffolds. These functions of AMOT are transiently restricted during postnatal development by phosphorylation imposed by the kinase Lats1. Our study proposes that AMOT-130 is essential for normal spine morphogenesis and identifies Lats1 as an upstream regulator in this process. Moreover, our findings may link AMOT-130 loss and the related spine defects to neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wigerius
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Dylan Quinn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Antonios Diab
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | | | - Annette Kolar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Jiansong Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Stefan R Krueger
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - James P Fawcett
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada .,Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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32
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Li F, Shi W, Wan Y, Wang Q, Feng W, Yan X, Wang J, Chai L, Zhang Q, Li M. Prediction of target genes for miR-140-5p in pulmonary arterial hypertension using bioinformatics methods. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 7:1880-1890. [PMID: 29226075 PMCID: PMC5715273 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of microRNA (miR)-140-5p is known to be reduced in both pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients and monocrotaline-induced PAH models in rat. Identification of target genes for miR-140-5p with bioinformatics analysis may reveal new pathways and connections in PAH. This study aimed to explore downstream target genes and relevant signaling pathways regulated by miR-140-5p to provide theoretical evidences for further researches on role of miR-140-5p in PAH. Multiple downstream target genes and upstream transcription factors (TFs) of miR-140-5p were predicted in the analysis. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis indicated that downstream target genes of miR-140-5p were enriched in many biological processes, such as biological regulation, signal transduction, response to chemical stimulus, stem cell proliferation, cell surface receptor signaling pathways. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) pathway analysis found that downstream target genes were mainly located in Notch, TGF-beta, PI3K/Akt, and Hippo signaling pathway. According to TF-miRNA-mRNA network, the important downstream target genes of miR-140-5p were PPI, TGF-betaR1, smad4, JAG1, ADAM10, FGF9, PDGFRA, VEGFA, LAMC1, TLR4, and CREB. After thoroughly reviewing published literature, we found that 23 target genes and seven signaling pathways were truly inhibited by miR-140-5p in various tissues or cells; most of these verified targets were in accordance with our present prediction. Other predicted targets still need further verification in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangwei Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University China
| | - Wenhua Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University China
| | - Yixin Wan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Lanzhou University Second Hospital China
| | - Qingting Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University China
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University China
| | - Limin Chai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University China
| | - Manxiang Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University China
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33
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Zhou PJ, Xue W, Peng J, Wang Y, Wei L, Yang Z, Zhu HH, Fang YX, Gao WQ. Elevated expression of Par3 promotes prostate cancer metastasis by forming a Par3/aPKC/KIBRA complex and inactivating the hippo pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:139. [PMID: 29017577 PMCID: PMC5633884 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0609-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most frequent tumors and leading cause of cancer deaths among males worldwide. The majority of deaths are due to recurrence and subsequent development of the metastatic cancer. Although loss or dislocalization of polarity proteins has been implicated in embryogenesis deficiency and tumorigenesis, association of polarity protein expression levels with tumor metastasis remains unclear. Methods Bioinformatics, qRT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses were used to examine expression of Par3, a key component of polarity-associated partitioning defective (PAR) complex, in primary and metastatic clinical PCa samples. Loss-of-function and gain-of-function studies in vitro and in vivo were performed to determine the functions of Par3 during metastasis of PCa. Co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP), western blot, immunofluorescence (IF), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and qRT-PCR analyses were conducted to investigate the underlying mechanism for the function of Par3 on PCa metastasis. Results In this study, we found that elevated expression of Par3 is positively associated with PCa metastasis. Knockdown of Par3 inhibits PCa cell migration and invasion in vitro and tumor metastasis in vivo, whereas overexpression of Par3 yields the opposite results. Mechanistically, Par3 suppresses phosphorylation of LATS to inactivate the Hippo pathway and enhances nuclear translocation of YAP by sequestrating KIBRA from the KIBRA/Merlin/FRMD6 complex and forming a Par3/aPKC/KIBRA complex. Stable knockdown of Par3 leads to restoration of the KIBRA/Merlin/FRMD6 complex and activation of the Hippo pathway, and then results in an inhibition on YAP nuclear translocation. In addition, in conjunction with the TEA domain (TEAD) transcription factor family, intranuclear YAP promotes the transcription of several pro-metastatic genes such as the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family, Zeb1, Snail1 and Twist1. Moreover, knockdown of Par3 downregulates expression of these pro-metastatic genes. Conclusions Our findings indicate that elevated expression of Par3 promotes PCa metastasis via KIBRA sequestration-mediated inactivation of the Hippo pathway to upregulate expression of pro-metastatic genes. Downregulation of Par3 expression may serve as a potential treatment approach for PCa metastasis by activating the Hippo pathway. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-017-0609-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-MedX Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jinliang Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Lianzi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-MedX Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Ziqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-MedX Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Helen He Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-MedX Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-MedX Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Wei-Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-MedX Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China. .,School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Zhou Q, Dai J, Chen T, Dada LA, Zhang X, Zhang W, DeCamp MM, Winn RA, Sznajder JI, Zhou G. Downregulation of PKCζ/Pard3/Pard6b is responsible for lung adenocarcinoma cell EMT and invasion. Cell Signal 2017; 38:49-59. [PMID: 28652146 PMCID: PMC5555371 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Atypical protein kinase C ζ (PKCζ) forms an apico-basal polarity complex with Partitioning Defective (Pard) 3 and Pard6 to regulate normal epithelial cell apico-basolateral polarization. The dissociation of the PKCζ/Pard3/Pard6 complex is essential for the disassembly of the tight/adherens junction and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that is critical for tumor spreading. Loss of cell polarity and epithelial organization is strongly correlated with malignancy and tumor progression in some other cancer types. However, it is unclear whether the PKCζ/Pard3/Pard6 complex plays a role in the progression of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We found that hypoxia downregulated the PKCζ/Pard3/Pard6 complex, correlating with induction of lung cancer cell migration and invasion. Silencing of the PKCζ/Pard3/Pard6 polarity complex components induced lung cancer cell EMT, invasion, and colonization in vivo. Suppression of Pard3 was associated with altered expression of genes regulating wound healing, cell apoptosis/death and cell motility, and particularly upregulation of MAP3K1 and fibronectin which are known to contribute to lung cancer progression. Human lung adenocarcinoma tissues expressed less Pard6b and PKCζ than the adjacent normal tissues and in experimental mouse lung adenocarcinoma, the levels of Pard3 and PKCζ were also decreased. In addition, we showed that a methylation locus in the gene body of Pard3 is positively associated with the expression of Pard3 and that methylation of the Pard3 gene increased cellular sensitivity to carboplatin, a common chemotherapy drug. Suppression of Pard3 increased chemoresistance in lung cancer cells. Together, these results suggest that reduced expression of PKCζ/Pard3/Pard6 contributes to NSCLC EMT, invasion, and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyuan Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jingbo Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tianji Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Laura A Dada
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xu Zhang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Malcolm M DeCamp
- The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert A Winn
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jacob I Sznajder
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Guofei Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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35
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Riz I, Hawley RG. Increased expression of the tight junction protein TJP1/ZO-1 is associated with upregulation of TAZ-TEAD activity and an adult tissue stem cell signature in carfilzomib-resistant multiple myeloma cells and high-risk multiple myeloma patients. Oncoscience 2017; 4:79-94. [PMID: 28966941 PMCID: PMC5616201 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight junction protein 1 (TJP1) has recently been proposed as a biomarker to identify multiple myeloma (MM) patients most likely to respond to bortezomib- and carfilzomib-based proteasome inhibitor regimens. Herein we report increased expression of TJP1 during the adaptive response mediating carfilzomib resistance in the LP-1/Cfz MM cell line. Moreover, increased TJP1 expression delineated a subset of relapsed/refractory MM patients on bortezomib-based therapy sharing an LP-1/Cfz-like phenotype characterized by activation of interacting transcriptional effectors of the Hippo signaling cascade (TAZ and TEAD1) and an adult tissue stem cell signature. siRNA-mediated knockdown of TJP1 or TAZ/TEAD1 partially sensitized LP-1/Cfz cells to carfilzomib. Connectivity Map analysis identified translation inhibitors as candidate therapeutic agents targeting this molecular phenotype. We confirmed this prediction by showing that homoharringtonine (omacetaxine mepesuccinate) — the first translation inhibitor to be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration — displayed potent cytotoxic activity on LP-1/Cfz cells. Homoharringtonine treatment reduced the levels of TAZ and TEAD1 as well as the MM-protective proteins Nrf2 and MCL1. Thus, our data suggest the importance of further studies evaluating translation inhibitors in relapsed/refractory MM. On the other hand, use of TJP1 as a MM biomarker for proteasome inhibitor sensitivity requires careful consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Riz
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Robert G Hawley
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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36
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Shimada H, Abe S, Kohno T, Satohisa S, Konno T, Takahashi S, Hatakeyama T, Arimoto C, Kakuki T, Kaneko Y, Takano KI, Saito T, Kojima T. Loss of tricellular tight junction protein LSR promotes cell invasion and migration via upregulation of TEAD1/AREG in human endometrial cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:37049. [PMID: 28071680 PMCID: PMC5223122 DOI: 10.1038/srep37049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR) is a unique molecule of tricellular contacts of normal and cancer cells. We investigated how the loss of LSR induced cell migration, invasion and proliferation in endometrial cancer cell line Sawano. mRNAs of amphiregulin (AREG) and TEA domain family member 1 (TEAD1) were markedly upregulated by siRNA-LSR. In endometrial cancer tissues, downregulation of LSR and upregulation of AREG were observed together with malignancy, and Yes-associated protein (YAP) was present in the nuclei. siRNA-AREG prevented the cell migration and invasion induced by siRNA-LSR, whereas treatment with AREG induced cell migration and invasion. LSR was colocalized with TRIC, angiomotin (AMOT), Merlin and phosphorylated YAP (pYAP). siRNA-LSR increased expression of pYAP and decreased that of AMOT and Merlin. siRNA-YAP prevented expression of the mRNAs of AREG and TEAD1, and the cell migration and invasion induced by siRNA-LSR. Treatment with dobutamine and 2-deoxy-D-glucose and glucose starvation induced the pYAP expression and prevented the cell migration and invasion induced by siRNA-LSR. siRNA-AMOT decreased the Merlin expression and prevented the cell migration and invasion induced by siRNA-LSR. The loss of LSR promoted cell invasion and migration via upregulation of TEAD1/AREG dependent on YAP/pYAP and AMOT/Merlin in human endometrial cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Shimada
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shyuetsu Abe
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kohno
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Seiro Satohisa
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takumi Konno
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Syunta Takahashi
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Hatakeyama
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Arimoto
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takuya Kakuki
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Departments of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical, University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yakuto Kaneko
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Departments of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical, University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Takano
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical, University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Saito
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kojima
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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37
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Potapova TA, Seidel CW, Box AC, Rancati G, Li R. Transcriptome analysis of tetraploid cells identifies cyclin D2 as a facilitator of adaptation to genome doubling in the presence of p53. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:3065-3084. [PMID: 27559130 PMCID: PMC5063615 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-05-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetraploidization, or genome doubling, is a prominent event in tumorigenesis, primarily because cell division in polyploid cells is error-prone and produces aneuploid cells. This study investigates changes in gene expression evoked in acute and adapted tetraploid cells and their effect on cell-cycle progression. Acute polyploidy was generated by knockdown of the essential regulator of cytokinesis anillin, which resulted in cytokinesis failure and formation of binucleate cells, or by chemical inhibition of Aurora kinases, causing abnormal mitotic exit with formation of single cells with aberrant nuclear morphology. Transcriptome analysis of these acute tetraploid cells revealed common signatures of activation of the tumor-suppressor protein p53. Suppression of proliferation in these cells was dependent on p53 and its transcriptional target, CDK inhibitor p21. Rare proliferating tetraploid cells can emerge from acute polyploid populations. Gene expression analysis of single cell-derived, adapted tetraploid clones showed up-regulation of several p53 target genes and cyclin D2, the activator of CDK4/6/2. Overexpression of cyclin D2 in diploid cells strongly potentiated the ability to proliferate with increased DNA content despite the presence of functional p53. These results indicate that p53-mediated suppression of proliferation of polyploid cells can be averted by increased levels of oncogenes such as cyclin D2, elucidating a possible route for tetraploidy-mediated genomic instability in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew C Box
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110
| | - Giulia Rancati
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
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38
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Li CY, Hu J, Lu H, Lan J, Du W, Galicia N, Klein OD. αE-catenin inhibits YAP/TAZ activity to regulate signalling centre formation during tooth development. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12133. [PMID: 27405641 PMCID: PMC4947177 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic signalling centres are specialized clusters of non-proliferating cells that direct the development of many organs. However, the mechanisms that establish these essential structures in mammals are not well understood. Here we report, using the murine incisor as a model, that αE-catenin is essential for inhibiting nuclear YAP localization and cell proliferation. This function of αE-catenin is required for formation of the tooth signalling centre, the enamel knot (EK), which maintains dental mesenchymal condensation and epithelial invagination. EK formation depends primarily on the signalling function of αE-catenin through YAP and its homologue TAZ, as opposed to its adhesive function, and combined deletion of Yap and Taz rescues the EK defects caused by loss of αE-catenin. These findings point to a developmental mechanism by which αE-catenin restricts YAP/TAZ activity to establish a group of non-dividing and specialized cells that constitute a signalling centre. It is unclear which signals regulate the establishment of the tooth signalling centre, the enamel knot (EK). Here, the authors show that EK formation depends on αE-catenin, which acts to restrict the Hippo pathway transcription factors Yes-associated protein (YAP) and TAZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ying Li
- The Research Center and Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China.,Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Jimmy Hu
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Hongbing Lu
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Jing Lan
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Nicole Galicia
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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39
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Feng X, Liu P, Zhou X, Li MT, Li FL, Wang Z, Meng Z, Sun YP, Yu Y, Xiong Y, Yuan HX, Guan KL. Thromboxane A2 Activates YAP/TAZ Protein to Induce Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:18947-58. [PMID: 27382053 PMCID: PMC5009267 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.739722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The thromboxane A2 receptor (TP) has been implicated in restenosis after vascular injury, which induces vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and proliferation. However, the mechanism for this process is largely unknown. In this study, we report that TP signaling induces VSMC migration and proliferation through activating YAP/TAZ, two major downstream effectors of the Hippo signaling pathway. The TP-specific agonists [1S-[1α,2α(Z),3β(1E,3S*),4 α]]-7-[3-[3-hydroxy-4-(4-iodophenoxy)-1-butenyl]-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl]-5-heptenoic acid (I-BOP) and 9,11-dideoxy-9α,11α-methanoepoxy-prosta-5Z,13E-dien-1-oic acid (U-46619) induce YAP/TAZ activation in multiple cell lines, including VSMCs. YAP/TAZ activation induced by I-BOP is blocked by knockout of the receptor TP or knockdown of the downstream G proteins Gα12/13 Moreover, Rho inhibition or actin cytoskeleton disruption prevents I-BOP-induced YAP/TAZ activation. Importantly, TP activation promotes DNA synthesis and cell migration in VSMCs in a manner dependent on YAP/TAZ. Taken together, thromboxane A2 signaling activates YAP/TAZ to promote VSMC migration and proliferation, indicating YAP/TAZ as potential therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Feng
- From the Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Peng Liu
- From the Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- From the Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Meng-Tian Li
- From the Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fu-Long Li
- From the Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- From the Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhipeng Meng
- the Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92130
| | - Yi-Ping Sun
- From the Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ying Yu
- the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China, and
| | - Yue Xiong
- From the Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China, the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Hai-Xin Yuan
- From the Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China,
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- From the Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China, the Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92130,
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40
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Zhang P, Wang S, Wang S, Qiao J, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Chen Z. Dual function of partitioning-defective 3 in the regulation of YAP phosphorylation and activation. Cell Discov 2016; 2:16021. [PMID: 27462467 PMCID: PMC4932730 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2016.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Partitioning-defective 3 (Par3), a key component of the evolutionarily conserved polarity PAR complex (Par3/Par6/aPKC), controls cell polarity and contributes to cell migration, proliferation and tumor development. Emerging evidence indicates that cell polarity proteins function as upstream modulators that regulate the Hippo pathway. However, little is known about Par3’s involvement in the Hippo pathway. Here, we find Par3 and YAP dynamically co-localize in different subcellular compartments; that is, the membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus, in a cell-density-dependent manner. Interestingly, Par3 knockdown promotes YAP phosphorylation, leading to a significant impairment of YAP nuclear translocation at low cell density, but not at high density, in MDCK cells. Furthermore, via its third PDZ domain, Par3 directly binds to the PDZ-binding motif of YAP. The interaction is required for regulating YAP phosphorylation and nuclear localization. Mechanistically, Par3, as a scaffold protein, associates with LATS1 and protein phosphatase 1, α subunit (PP1A) in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Par3 promotes the dephosphorylation of LATS1 and YAP, thus enhancing YAP activation and cell proliferation. Strikingly, we also find that under the condition of PP1A knockdown, Par3 expression promotes YAP hyperphosphorylation, leading to the suppression of YAP activity and its downstream targets. Par3 expression results in differential effects on YAP phosphorylation and activation in different tumor cell lines. These findings indicate that Par3 may have a dual role in regulating the activation of the Hippo pathway, in a manner possibly dependent on cellular context or cell type in response to cell–cell contact and cell polarity signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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41
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Zihni C, Mills C, Matter K, Balda MS. Tight junctions: from simple barriers to multifunctional molecular gates. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2016; 17:564-80. [PMID: 27353478 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2016.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 856] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epithelia and endothelia separate different tissue compartments and protect multicellular organisms from the outside world. This requires the formation of tight junctions, selective gates that control paracellular diffusion of ions and solutes. Tight junctions also form the border between the apical and basolateral plasma-membrane domains and are linked to the machinery that controls apicobasal polarization. Additionally, signalling networks that guide diverse cell behaviours and functions are connected to tight junctions, transmitting information to and from the cytoskeleton, nucleus and different cell adhesion complexes. Recent advances have broadened our understanding of the molecular architecture and cellular functions of tight junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceniz Zihni
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Clare Mills
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Karl Matter
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Maria S Balda
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
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42
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Apical–Basal Polarity as a Sensor for Epithelial Homeostasis: A Matter of Life and Death. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-016-0107-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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43
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Abstract
In this review, Meng et al. focus on recent developments in our understanding of the molecular actions of the core Hippo kinase cascade and discuss key open questions in Hippo pathway regulation and function. The Hippo pathway was initially identified in Drosophila melanogaster screens for tissue growth two decades ago and has been a subject extensively studied in both Drosophila and mammals in the last several years. The core of the Hippo pathway consists of a kinase cascade, transcription coactivators, and DNA-binding partners. Recent studies have expanded the Hippo pathway as a complex signaling network with >30 components. This pathway is regulated by intrinsic cell machineries, such as cell–cell contact, cell polarity, and actin cytoskeleton, as well as a wide range of signals, including cellular energy status, mechanical cues, and hormonal signals that act through G-protein-coupled receptors. The major functions of the Hippo pathway have been defined to restrict tissue growth in adults and modulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration in developing organs. Furthermore, dysregulation of the Hippo pathway leads to aberrant cell growth and neoplasia. In this review, we focus on recent developments in our understanding of the molecular actions of the core Hippo kinase cascade and discuss key open questions in the regulation and function of the Hippo pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Toshiro Moroishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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44
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Sleeping Beauty transposon mutagenesis identifies genes that cooperate with mutant Smad4 in gastric cancer development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E2057-65. [PMID: 27006499 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1603223113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in SMAD4 predispose to the development of gastrointestinal cancer, which is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths. To identify genes driving gastric cancer (GC) development, we performed a Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon mutagenesis screen in the stomach of Smad4(+/-) mutant mice. This screen identified 59 candidate GC trunk drivers and a much larger number of candidate GC progression genes. Strikingly, 22 SB-identified trunk drivers are known or candidate cancer genes, whereas four SB-identified trunk drivers, including PTEN, SMAD4, RNF43, and NF1, are known human GC trunk drivers. Similar to human GC, pathway analyses identified WNT, TGF-β, and PI3K-PTEN signaling, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, adherens junctions, and RNA degradation in addition to genes involved in chromatin modification and organization as highly deregulated pathways in GC. Comparative oncogenomic filtering of the complete list of SB-identified genes showed that they are highly enriched for genes mutated in human GC and identified many candidate human GC genes. Finally, by comparing our complete list of SB-identified genes against the list of mutated genes identified in five large-scale human GC sequencing studies, we identified LDL receptor-related protein 1B (LRP1B) as a previously unidentified human candidate GC tumor suppressor gene. In LRP1B, 129 mutations were found in 462 human GC samples sequenced, and LRP1B is one of the top 10 most deleted genes identified in a panel of 3,312 human cancers. SB mutagenesis has, thus, helped to catalog the cooperative molecular mechanisms driving SMAD4-induced GC growth and discover genes with potential clinical importance in human GC.
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