1
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Chouleur T, Emanuelli A, Souleyreau W, Derieppe MA, Leboucq T, Hardy S, Mathivet T, Tremblay ML, Bikfalvi A. PTP4A2 Promotes Glioblastoma Progression and Macrophage Polarization under Microenvironmental Pressure. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:1702-1714. [PMID: 38904264 PMCID: PMC11238266 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Phosphatase of regenerating liver 2 (also known as PTP4A2) has been linked to cancer progression. Still, its exact role in glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive type of primary brain tumor, remains elusive. In this study, we report that pharmacologic treatment using JMS-053, a pan-phosphatase of regenerating liver inhibitor, inhibits GBM cell viability and spheroid growth. We also show that PTP4A2 is associated with a poor prognosis in gliomas, and its expression correlates with GBM aggressiveness. Using a GBM orthotopic xenograft model, we show that PTP4A2 overexpression promotes tumor growth and reduces mouse survival. Furthermore, PTP4A2 deletion leads to increased apoptosis and proinflammatory signals. Using a syngeneic GBM model, we show that depletion of PTP4A2 reduces tumor growth and induces a shift in the tumor microenvironment (TME) toward an immunosuppressive state. In vitro assays show that cell proliferation is not affected in PTP4A2-deficient or -overexpressing cells, highlighting the importance of the microenvironment in PTP4A2 functions. Collectively, our results indicate that PTP4A2 promotes GBM growth in response to microenvironmental pressure and support the rationale for targeting PTP4A2 as a therapeutic strategy against GBM. SIGNIFICANCE High levels of PTP4A2 are associated with poor outcomes in patients with glioma and in mouse models. PTP4A2 depletion increases apoptosis and proinflammatory signals in GBM xenograft models, significantly impacts tumor growth, and rewires the TME in an immunocompetent host. PTP4A2 effects in GBM are dependent on the presence of the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffanie Chouleur
- INSERM U1312 BRIC, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | | | - Marie-Alix Derieppe
- Animalerie Mutualisée, Service Commun des Animaleries, Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux, France
| | - Téo Leboucq
- INSERM U1312 BRIC, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Serge Hardy
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Michel L Tremblay
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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2
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Xiao S, Chen H, Bai Y, Zhang ZY, Liu Y. Targeting PRL phosphatases in hematological malignancies. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2024; 28:259-271. [PMID: 38653737 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2024.2344695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL) family proteins, also known as protein tyrosine phosphatase 4A (PTP4A), have been implicated in many types of cancers. The PRL family of phosphatases consists of three members, PRL1, PRL2, and PRL3. PRLs have been shown to harbor oncogenic potentials and are highly expressed in a variety of cancers. Given their roles in cancer progression and metastasis, PRLs are potential targets for anticancer therapies. However, additional studies are needed to be performed to fully understand the roles of PRLs in blood cancers. AREAS COVERED In this review, we will summarize recent studies of PRLs in normal and malignant hematopoiesis, the role of PRLs in regulating various signaling pathways, and the therapeutic potentials of targeting PRLs in hematological malignancies. We will also discuss how to improve current PRL inhibitors for cancer treatment. EXPERT OPINION Although PRL inhibitors show promising therapeutic effects in preclinical studies of different types of cancers, moving PRL inhibitors from bench to bedside is still challenging. More potent and selective PRL inhibitors are needed to target PRLs in hematological malignancies and improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Xiao
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hongxia Chen
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Hematology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunpeng Bai
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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3
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Bosman W, Franken GAC, de Las Heras J, Madariaga L, Barakat TS, Oostenbrink R, van Slegtenhorst M, Perdomo-Ramírez A, Claverie-Martín F, van Eerde AM, Vargas-Poussou R, Dubourg LD, González-Recio I, Martínez-Cruz LA, de Baaij JHF, Hoenderop JGJ. Hypomagnesaemia with varying degrees of extrarenal symptoms as a consequence of heterozygous CNNM2 variants. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6917. [PMID: 38519529 PMCID: PMC10959950 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Variants in the CNNM2 gene are causative for hypomagnesaemia, seizures and intellectual disability, although the phenotypes can be variable. This study aims to understand the genotype-phenotype relationship in affected individuals with CNNM2 variants by phenotypic, functional and structural analysis of new as well as previously reported variants. This results in the identification of seven variants that significantly affect CNNM2-mediated Mg2+ transport. Pathogenicity of these variants is further supported by structural modelling, which predicts CNNM2 structure to be affected by all of them. Strikingly, seizures and intellectual disability are absent in 4 out of 7 cases, indicating these phenotypes are caused either by specific CNNM2 variant only or by additional risk factors. Moreover, in line with sporadic observations from previous reports, CNNM2 variants might be associated with disturbances in parathyroid hormone and Ca2+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Bosman
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs A C Franken
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Javier de Las Heras
- Division of Pediatric Metabolism, Cruces University Hospital, CIBER-ER, Metab-ERN, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Leire Madariaga
- Pediatric Nephrology Department, Cruces University Hospital, CIBERDEM, CIBER-ER, Endo-ERN, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute and University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Tahsin Stefan Barakat
- Deparment of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Discovery Unit, Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne Oostenbrink
- ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of General Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ana Perdomo-Ramírez
- Unidad de Investigación, Renal Tube Group, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Félix Claverie-Martín
- Unidad de Investigación, Renal Tube Group, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Rosa Vargas-Poussou
- Service de medecine genomique des maladies rares, AP-HP, universite Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Centre de reference des maladies renales hereditaires de l'enfant et de l'adulte MARHEA, hopital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
- CNRS, centre de recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm UMRS 1138, Sorbonne universite, universite Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Derain Dubourg
- Hôpital Édouard Herriot, Hospices civils de Lyon, service de nephrologie, dialyse, hypertension et exploration fonctionnelle renale, Lyon, France
- Centre de reference des maladies renales rares et phosphocalciques, Nephrogones, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant Bron, Bron, France
- Faculté de medecine Lyon est, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Irene González-Recio
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Luis Alfonso Martínez-Cruz
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
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4
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Kumar GS. Preparation of Oxidized and Reduced PTP4A1 for Structural and Functional Studies. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2743:211-222. [PMID: 38147218 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3569-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The formation of a reversible disulfide bond between the catalytic cysteine and a spatially neighboring cysteine (backdoor) in protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) serves as a critical regulatory mechanism for maintaining the activity of protein tyrosine phosphatases. The failure of such protection results in the formation of irreversibly oxidized cysteines into sulfonic acid in a highly oxidative cellular environment in the presence of free radicals. Hence, it is important to develop methods to interconvert PTPs into reduced and oxidized forms to understand their catalytic function in vitro. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 4A type 1 (PTP4A1), a dual-specificity phosphatase, is catalytically active in the reduced form. Unexpectedly, also its oxidized form performs a key biological function in systemic sclerosis (SSc) by forming a kinase-phosphatase complex with Src kinases. Thus, we developed simple and efficient protocols for producing oxidized and reduced PTP4A1 to elucidate their biological function, which can be extended to study other protein tyrosine phosphatases and other recombinantly produced proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Senthil Kumar
- Integrative Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India.
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5
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Chen YS, Gehring K. New insights into the structure and function of CNNM proteins. FEBS J 2023; 290:5475-5495. [PMID: 37222397 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+ ) is the most abundant divalent cation in cells and plays key roles in almost all biological processes. CBS-pair domain divalent metal cation transport mediators (CNNMs) are a newly characterized class of Mg2+ transporters present throughout biology. Originally discovered in bacteria, there are four CNNM proteins in humans, which are involved in divalent cation transport, genetic diseases, and cancer. Eukaryotic CNNMs are composed of four domains: an extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain, a cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS)-pair domain, and a cyclic nucleotide-binding homology domain. The transmembrane and CBS-pair core are the defining features of CNNM proteins with over 20 000 protein sequences known from over 8000 species. Here, we review the structural and functional studies of eukaryotic and prokaryotic CNNMs that underlie our understanding of their regulation and mechanism of ion transport. Recent structures of prokaryotic CNNMs confirm the transmembrane domain mediates ion transport with the CBS-pair domain likely playing a regulatory role through binding divalent cations. Studies of mammalian CNNMs have identified new binding partners. These advances are driving progress in understanding this deeply conserved and widespread family of ion transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Seby Chen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kalle Gehring
- Department of Biochemistry & Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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6
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Daly LA, Clarke CJ, Po A, Oswald SO, Eyers CE. Considerations for defining +80 Da mass shifts in mass spectrometry-based proteomics: phosphorylation and beyond. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11484-11499. [PMID: 37681662 PMCID: PMC10521633 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02909c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are ubiquitous and key to regulating protein function. Understanding the dynamics of individual PTMs and their biological roles requires robust characterisation. Mass spectrometry (MS) is the method of choice for the identification and quantification of protein modifications. This article focusses on the MS-based analysis of those covalent modifications that induce a mass shift of +80 Da, notably phosphorylation and sulfation, given the challenges associated with their discrimination and pinpointing the sites of modification on a polypeptide chain. Phosphorylation in particular is highly abundant, dynamic and can occur on numerous residues to invoke specific functions, hence robust characterisation is crucial to understanding biological relevance. Showcasing our work in the context of other developments in the field, we highlight approaches for enrichment and site localisation of phosphorylated (canonical and non-canonical) and sulfated peptides, as well as modification analysis in the context of intact proteins (top down proteomics) to explore combinatorial roles. Finally, we discuss the application of native ion-mobility MS to explore the effect of these PTMs on protein structure and ligand binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard A Daly
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK.
| | - Christopher J Clarke
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK.
| | - Allen Po
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK.
| | - Sally O Oswald
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK.
| | - Claire E Eyers
- Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK.
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7
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Pokorzynski ND, Groisman EA. How Bacterial Pathogens Coordinate Appetite with Virulence. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2023; 87:e0019822. [PMID: 37358444 PMCID: PMC10521370 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00198-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells adjust growth and metabolism to nutrient availability. Having access to a variety of carbon sources during infection of their animal hosts, facultative intracellular pathogens must efficiently prioritize carbon utilization. Here, we discuss how carbon source controls bacterial virulence, with an emphasis on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, which causes gastroenteritis in immunocompetent humans and a typhoid-like disease in mice, and propose that virulence factors can regulate carbon source prioritization by modifying cellular physiology. On the one hand, bacterial regulators of carbon metabolism control virulence programs, indicating that pathogenic traits appear in response to carbon source availability. On the other hand, signals controlling virulence regulators may impact carbon source utilization, suggesting that stimuli that bacterial pathogens experience within the host can directly impinge on carbon source prioritization. In addition, pathogen-triggered intestinal inflammation can disrupt the gut microbiota and thus the availability of carbon sources. By coordinating virulence factors with carbon utilization determinants, pathogens adopt metabolic pathways that may not be the most energy efficient because such pathways promote resistance to antimicrobial agents and also because host-imposed deprivation of specific nutrients may hinder the operation of certain pathways. We propose that metabolic prioritization by bacteria underlies the pathogenic outcome of an infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick D. Pokorzynski
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Eduardo A. Groisman
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Microbial Sciences Institute, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
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8
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Jolly J, Cheatham TC, Blackburn JS. Phosphatase and Pseudo-Phosphatase Functions of Phosphatase of Regenerating Liver 3 (PRL-3) Are Insensitive to Divalent Metals In Vitro. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:30578-30589. [PMID: 37636930 PMCID: PMC10448674 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatase of regenerating liver 3 (PRL-3) is associated with cancer metastasis and has been shown to interact with the cyclin and CBS domain divalent metal cation transport mediator (CNNM) family of proteins to regulate the intracellular concentration of magnesium and other divalent metals. Despite PRL-3's importance in cancer, factors that regulate PRL-3's phosphatase activity and its interactions with CNNM proteins remain unknown. Here, we show that divalent metal ions, including magnesium, calcium, and manganese, have no impact on PRL-3's structure, stability, phosphatase activity, or CNNM binding capacity, indicating that PRL-3 does not act as a metal sensor, despite its interaction with CNNM metal transporters. In vitro approaches found that PRL-3 is a broad but not indiscriminate phosphatase, with activity toward di- and tri-nucleotides, phosphoinositols, and NADPH but not other common metabolites. Although calcium, magnesium, manganese, and zinc-binding sites were predicted near the PRL-3 active site, these divalent metals did not specifically alter PRL-3's phosphatase activity toward a generic substrate, its transition from an inactive phospho-cysteine intermediate state, or its direct binding with the CBS domain of CNNM. PRL-3's insensitivity to metal cations negates the possibility of its role as an intracellular metal content sensor for regulating CNNM activity. Further investigation is warranted to define the regulatory mechanisms governing PRL-3's phosphatase activity and CNNM interactions, as these findings could hold potential therapeutic implications in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery
T. Jolly
- Department
of Cellular & Molecular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Markey
Cancer Center at the University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Ty C. Cheatham
- Department
of Cellular & Molecular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Markey
Cancer Center at the University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Jessica S. Blackburn
- Department
of Cellular & Molecular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Markey
Cancer Center at the University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
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9
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Mahbub L, Kozlov G, Zong P, Lee EL, Tetteh S, Nethramangalath T, Knorn C, Jiang J, Shahsavan A, Yue L, Runnels L, Gehring K. Structural insights into regulation of CNNM-TRPM7 divalent cation uptake by the small GTPase ARL15. eLife 2023; 12:e86129. [PMID: 37449820 PMCID: PMC10348743 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS)-pair domain divalent metal cation transport mediators (CNNMs) are an evolutionarily conserved family of magnesium transporters. They promote efflux of Mg2+ ions on their own and influx of divalent cations when expressed with the transient receptor potential ion channel subfamily M member 7 (TRPM7). Recently, ADP-ribosylation factor-like GTPase 15 (ARL15) has been identified as CNNM-binding partner and an inhibitor of divalent cation influx by TRPM7. Here, we characterize ARL15 as a GTP and CNNM-binding protein and demonstrate that ARL15 also inhibits CNNM2 Mg2+ efflux. The crystal structure of a complex between ARL15 and CNNM2 CBS-pair domain reveals the molecular basis for binding and allowed the identification of mutations that specifically block binding. A binding deficient ARL15 mutant, R95A, failed to inhibit CNNM and TRPM7 transport of Mg2+ and Zn2+ ions. Structural analysis and binding experiments with phosphatase of regenerating liver 2 (PRL2 or PTP4A2) showed that ARL15 and PRLs compete for binding CNNM to coordinate regulation of ion transport by CNNM and TRPM7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luba Mahbub
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
- Centre de recherche en biologie structurale, McGill UniversityMontréalCanada
| | - Guennadi Kozlov
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
- Centre de recherche en biologie structurale, McGill UniversityMontréalCanada
| | - Pengyu Zong
- Department of Cell Biology, UCONN Health CenterFarmingtonUnited States
| | - Emma L Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
- Centre de recherche en biologie structurale, McGill UniversityMontréalCanada
| | - Sandra Tetteh
- Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscatawayUnited States
| | | | - Caroline Knorn
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
- Centre de recherche en biologie structurale, McGill UniversityMontréalCanada
| | - Jianning Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
- Centre de recherche en biologie structurale, McGill UniversityMontréalCanada
| | - Ashkan Shahsavan
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
- Centre de recherche en biologie structurale, McGill UniversityMontréalCanada
| | - Lixia Yue
- Department of Cell Biology, UCONN Health CenterFarmingtonUnited States
| | - Loren Runnels
- Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscatawayUnited States
| | - Kalle Gehring
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
- Centre de recherche en biologie structurale, McGill UniversityMontréalCanada
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10
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Abstract
Mg2+ is essential for many cellular and physiological processes, including muscle contraction, neuronal activity, and metabolism. Consequently, the blood Mg2+ concentration is tightly regulated by balanced intestinal Mg2+ absorption, renal Mg2+ excretion, and Mg2+ storage in bone and soft tissues. In recent years, the development of novel transgenic animal models and identification of Mendelian disorders has advanced our current insight in the molecular mechanisms of Mg2+ reabsorption in the kidney. In the proximal tubule, Mg2+ reabsorption is dependent on paracellular permeability by claudin-2/12. In the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop, the claudin-16/19 complex provides a cation-selective pore for paracellular Mg2+ reabsorption. The paracellular Mg2+ reabsorption in this segment is regulated by the Ca2+-sensing receptor, parathyroid hormone, and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. In the distal convoluted tubule, the fine tuning of Mg2+ reabsorption takes place by transcellular Mg2+ reabsorption via transient receptor potential melastatin-like types 6 and 7 (TRPM6/TRPM7) divalent cation channels. Activity of TRPM6/TRPM7 is dependent on hormonal regulation, metabolic activity, and interacting proteins. Basolateral Mg2+ extrusion is still poorly understood but is probably dependent on the Na+ gradient. Cyclin M2 and SLC41A3 are the main candidates to act as Na+/Mg2+ exchangers. Consequently, disturbances of basolateral Na+/K+ transport indirectly result in impaired renal Mg2+ reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule. Altogether, this review aims to provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms of Mg2+ reabsorption in the kidney, specifically focusing on transgenic mouse models and human hereditary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen H F de Baaij
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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11
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Fakih R, Goldstein RH, Kozlov G, Gehring K. Burst kinetics and CNNM binding are evolutionarily conserved properties of phosphatases of regenerating liver. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:103055. [PMID: 36822330 PMCID: PMC10040874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.103055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatases of regenerating liver (PRL or PTP4A) are a family of enigmatic protein phosphatases implicated in cell growth and metabolism. Despite their relevance in metastatic cancer, much remains unknown about the PRL family. They act as pseudophosphatases to regulate the CNNM family of magnesium transporters yet also have enzymatic activity on unknown substrates. In mammals, PRLs are mostly found trapped in an intermediate state that regulates their pseudophosphatase activity. Phosphocysteine, which is formed as an intermediate in the phosphatase catalytic cycle, is inefficiently hydrolyzed leading to burst enzyme kinetics and turnover numbers of less than one per hour. In flies, PRLs have recently been shown to have neuroprotective and neurodevelopmental roles raising the question whether they act as phosphatases, pseudophosphatases, or both. Here, we characterize the evolutionary development of PRLs and ask whether their unique structural and functional properties are conserved. We purified recombinant PRL proteins from 15 phylogenetically diverse organisms and characterized their catalytic activities and ability to bind CNNM proteins. We observed PRLs from humans to amoebae form a stable phosphocysteine intermediate and exhibit burst kinetics. Isothermal titration calorimetry experiments confirmed that the PRL-CNNM interaction is broadly conserved with nanomolar affinity in vertebrates. Lastly, we determined the crystal structure of the Drosophila melanogaster PRL-CNNM complex and identified mutants that specifically impair either phosphatase activity or CNNM binding. Our results reveal the unique properties of PRLs are conserved throughout the animal kingdom and open the door to using model organisms to dissect PRL function in cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan Fakih
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Structural Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robert H Goldstein
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Structural Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guennadi Kozlov
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Structural Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kalle Gehring
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Structural Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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12
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Rattanapornsompong K, Gavila P, Tungsanga S, Chanakul A, Apivatthakakul A, Tengsujaritkul M, Tongsong T, Theerapanon T, Porntaveetus T, Shotelersuk V. Novel CNNM4 variant and clinical features of Jalili syndrome. Clin Genet 2023; 103:256-257. [PMID: 36354001 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The study identifies a non-consanguineous multigenerational family of the Lua ethnic group in Northern Thailand with three members affected with hypoplastic-hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta, cone-rod dystrophy, and harboring a novel homozygous missense variant, c.1475G>A p.(Gly492Asp), in CNNM4, indicating Jalili syndrome. We report features including advanced dental age, crossbite, developmental delay, expanding genotypic and phenotypic spectra of Jalili syndrome, and perform the prenatal genetic testing that helps avoid unnecessary pregnancy termination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanti Rattanapornsompong
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Geriatric Dentistry and Special Patients Care Program, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patcharaporn Gavila
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Geriatric Dentistry and Special Patients Care Program, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Intercountry Centre for Oral Health, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand
| | | | - Ankanee Chanakul
- Department of Pediatrics, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Theera Tongsong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thanakorn Theerapanon
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Geriatric Dentistry and Special Patients Care Program, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thantrira Porntaveetus
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Geriatric Dentistry and Special Patients Care Program, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vorasuk Shotelersuk
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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13
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Mahbub L, Kozlov G, Zong P, Tetteh S, Nethramangalath T, Knorn C, Jiang J, Shahsavan A, Lee E, Yue L, Runnels LW, Gehring K. Structural insights into regulation of TRPM7 divalent cation uptake by the small GTPase ARL15. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.19.524765. [PMID: 36711628 PMCID: PMC9882303 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.19.524765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS)-pair domain divalent metal cation transport mediators (CNNMs) are an evolutionarily conserved family of magnesium transporters. They promote efflux of Mg 2+ ions on their own or uptake of divalent cations when coupled to the transient receptor potential ion channel subfamily M member 7 (TRPM7). Recently, ADP-ribosylation factor-like GTPase 15 (ARL15) has been identified as CNNM binding partner and an inhibitor of divalent cation influx by TRPM7. Here, we characterize ARL15 as a GTP-binding protein and demonstrate that it binds the CNNM CBS-pair domain with low micromolar affinity. The crystal structure of the complex between ARL15 GTPase domain and CNNM2 CBS-pair domain reveals the molecular determinants of the interaction and allowed the identification of mutations in ARL15 and CNNM2 mutations that abrogate binding. Loss of CNNM binding prevented ARL15 suppression of TRPM7 channel activity in support of previous reports that the proteins function as a ternary complex. Binding experiments with phosphatase of regenerating liver 2 (PRL2 or PTP4A2) revealed that ARL15 and PRLs compete for binding CNNM, suggesting antagonistic regulation of divalent cation transport by the two proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luba Mahbub
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada,Centre de recherche en biologie structurale, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Guennadi Kozlov
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada,Centre de recherche en biologie structurale, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Pengyu Zong
- Dept. of Cell Biology. UCONN Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States
| | - Sandra Tetteh
- Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States
| | | | - Caroline Knorn
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada,Centre de recherche en biologie structurale, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Jianning Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada,Centre de recherche en biologie structurale, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Ashkan Shahsavan
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada,Centre de recherche en biologie structurale, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Emma Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada,Centre de recherche en biologie structurale, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Lixia Yue
- Dept. of Cell Biology. UCONN Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States
| | - Loren W. Runnels
- Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States
| | - Kalle Gehring
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada,Centre de recherche en biologie structurale, McGill University, Montréal, Canada,Corresponding author:
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14
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Ryu K, Yoshida A, Funato Y, Yamazaki D, Miki H. PRL stimulates mitotic errors by suppressing kinetochore-localized activation of AMPK during mitosis. Cell Struct Funct 2022; 47:75-87. [PMID: 36336348 PMCID: PMC10511051 DOI: 10.1247/csf.22034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL) is frequently overexpressed in various malignant cancers and is known to be a driver of malignancy. Here, we demonstrated that PRL overexpression causes mitotic errors that accompany spindle misorientation and aneuploidy, which are intimately associated with cancer progression. Mechanistic analyses of this phenomenon revealed dysregulation of the energy sensor kinase, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), in PRL-induced mitotic errors. Specifically, immunofluorescence analysis showed that levels of phosphorylated AMPK (P-AMPK), an activated form of AMPK, at the kinetochore were reduced by PRL expression. Moreover, artificial activation of AMPK using chemical activators, such as A769662 and AICAR, in PRL-expressing cells restored P-AMPK signals at the kinetochore and normalized spindle orientation. Collectively, these results indicate the crucial importance of the activation of kinetochore-localized AMPK in the normal progression of mitosis, which is specifically perturbed by PRL overexpression.Key words: cancer, AMPK, PRL, kinetochore, mitotic errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajung Ryu
- Department of Cellular Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yoshida
- Department of Cellular Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yosuke Funato
- Department of Cellular Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamazaki
- Department of Cellular Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Miki
- Department of Cellular Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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15
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Funato Y, Hashizume O, Miki H. Phosphatase-independent role of phosphatase of regenerating liver in cancer progression. Cancer Sci 2022; 114:25-33. [PMID: 36285487 PMCID: PMC9807511 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL) is a family of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) that are anchored to the plasma membrane by prenylation. They are frequently overexpressed in various types of malignant cancers and their roles in cancer progression have received considerable attention. Mutational analyses of PRLs have shown that their intrinsic phosphatase activity is dispensable for tumor formation induced by PRL overexpression in a lung metastasis model using melanoma cells. Instead, PRLs directly bind to cyclin M (CNNM) Mg2+ exporters in the plasma membrane and potently inhibit their Mg2+ export activity, resulting in an increase in intracellular Mg2+ levels. Experiments using mammalian culture cells, mice, and C. elegans have collectively revealed that dysregulation of Mg2+ levels severely affects ATP and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels as well as the function of Ca2+ -permeable channels. Moreover, PRL overexpression altered the optimal pH for cell proliferation from normal 7.5 to acidic 6.5, which is typically observed in malignant tumors. Here, we review the phosphatase-independent biological functions of PRLs, focusing on their interactions with CNNM Mg2+ exporters in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Funato
- Department of Cellular RegulationResearch Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Osamu Hashizume
- Department of Cellular RegulationResearch Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Hiroaki Miki
- Department of Cellular RegulationResearch Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan,Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER)Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
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16
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Jin F, Huang Y, Hattori M. Recent Advances in the Structural Biology of Mg 2+ Channels and Transporters. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167729. [PMID: 35841930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium ions (Mg2+) are the most abundant divalent cations in living organisms and are essential for various physiological processes, including ATP utilization and the catalytic activity of numerous enzymes. Therefore, the homeostatic mechanisms associated with cellular Mg2+ are crucial for both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms and are thus strictly controlled by Mg2+ channels and transporters. Technological advances in structural biology, such as the expression screening of membrane proteins, in meso phase crystallization, and recent cryo-EM techniques, have enabled the structure determination of numerous Mg2+ channels and transporters. In this review article, we provide an overview of the families of Mg2+ channels and transporters (MgtE/SLC41, TRPM6/7, CorA/Mrs2, CorC/CNNM), and discuss the structural biology prospects based on the known structures of MgtE, TRPM7, CorA and CorC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yichen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Motoyuki Hattori
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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17
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The Tyrosine Phosphatase PRL Regulates Attachment of Toxoplasma gondii to Host Cells and Is Essential for Virulence. mSphere 2022; 7:e0005222. [PMID: 35603560 PMCID: PMC9241511 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00052-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with
Toxoplasma gondii
can lead to severe and even life-threatening diseases in people with compromised or suppressed immune systems. Unfortunately, drugs to combat the parasite are limited, highly toxic, and ineffective against the chronic stage of the parasite.
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18
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Zhang R, Kumar GS, Hansen U, Zoccheddu M, Sacchetti C, Holmes ZJ, Lee MC, Beckmann D, Wen Y, Mikulski Z, Yang S, Santelli E, Page R, Boin F, Peti W, Bottini N. Oxidative stress promotes fibrosis in systemic sclerosis through stabilization of a kinase-phosphatase complex. JCI Insight 2022; 7:155761. [PMID: 35451370 PMCID: PMC9089796 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.155761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a fibrotic autoimmune disease characterized by pathogenic activation of fibroblasts enhanced by local oxidative stress. The tyrosine phosphatase PTP4A1 was identified as a critical promoter of TGF-β signaling in SSc. Oxidative stress is known to functionally inactivate tyrosine phosphatases. Here, we assessed whether oxidation of PTP4A1 modulates its profibrotic action and found that PTP4A1 forms a complex with the kinase SRC in scleroderma fibroblasts, but surprisingly, oxidative stress enhanced rather than reduced PTP4A1’s association with SRC and its profibrotic action. Through structural assessment of the oxo-PTP4A1-SRC complex, we unraveled an unexpected mechanism whereby oxidation of a tyrosine phosphatase promotes its function through modification of its protein complex. Considering the importance of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of SSc and fibrosis, our findings suggest routes for leveraging PTP4A1 oxidation as a potential strategy for developing antifibrotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyuan Zhang
- Department of Medicine and.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ganesan Senthil Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Uwe Hansen
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Munster, Munster, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zbigniew Mikulski
- Microscopy and Histology Core Facility, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | | | - Rebecca Page
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Francesco Boin
- Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Wolfgang Peti
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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19
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Funato Y, Miki H. The emerging roles and therapeutic potential of cyclin M/CorC family of Mg 2+ transporters. J Pharmacol Sci 2021; 148:14-18. [PMID: 34924118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin M (CNNM) and its prokaryotic ortholog CorC belong to a family of proteins that function as Mg2+-extruding transporters by stimulating Na+/Mg2+ exchange, and thereby control intracellular Mg2+ levels. The Mg2+-extruding function of CNNM is inhibited by the direct binding of an oncogenic protein, phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL), and this inhibition is responsible for the PRL-driven malignant progression of cancers. Studies with mouse strains deficient for the CNNM gene family revealed the importance of CNNM4 and CNNM2 in maintaining organismal Mg2+ homeostasis by participating in intestinal Mg2+ absorption and renal reabsorption, respectively. Moreover, CNNM proteins are involved in various diseases, and gene mutations in CNNM2 and CNNM4 cause dominant familial hypomagnesemia and Jalili syndrome, respectively. Genome wide association studies have also revealed the importance of CNNM2 in multiple major diseases, such as hypertension and schizophrenia. Collectively, the molecular and biological characterizations of CNNM/CorC show that they are an intriguing therapeutic target; the current status of drug development targeting these proteins is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Funato
- Department of Cellular Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Miki
- Department of Cellular Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, 2-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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20
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Lohani S, Funato Y, Akieda Y, Mizutani K, Takai Y, Ishitani T, Miki H. A novel role of PRL in regulating epithelial cell density by inducing apoptosis at confluence. J Cell Sci 2021; 135:273809. [PMID: 34931244 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining proper epithelial cell density is essential for the survival of multicellular organisms. While regulation of cell density through apoptosis is well known, its mechanistic details remain elusive. Here, we report the involvement of membrane-anchored phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL), originally known for its role in cancer malignancy, in this process. In epithelial MDCK cells, upon confluence, doxycycline-induced expression of PRL upregulated apoptosis, reducing the cell density. This could be circumvented by artificially reducing the cell density via stretching the cell-seeded silicon chamber. Moreover, siRNA-mediated knockdown of endogenous PRL blocked apoptosis, leading to greater cell density. Mechanistically, PRL promoted apoptosis by upregulating the translation of E-cadherin and activating TGF-β pathway. Morpholino-mediated inhibition of PRL expression in zebrafish embryos caused developmental defect with reduced apoptosis and increased epithelial cell density during convergent extension. This study revealed a novel role of PRL in regulating density-dependent apoptosis in vertebrate epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweksha Lohani
- Department of Cellular Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yosuke Funato
- Department of Cellular Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuki Akieda
- Department of Homeostatic Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kiyohito Mizutani
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Takai
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Tohru Ishitani
- Department of Homeostatic Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Miki
- Department of Cellular Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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21
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Gehring K, Kozlov G, Yang M, Fakih R. The double lives of phosphatases of regenerating liver: A structural view of their catalytic and noncatalytic activities. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101471. [PMID: 34890645 PMCID: PMC8728433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatases of regenerating liver (PRLs) are protein phosphatases involved in the control of cell growth and migration. They are known to promote cancer metastasis but, despite over 20 years of study, there is still no consensus about their mechanism of action. Recent work has revealed that PRLs lead double lives, acting both as catalytically active enzymes and as pseudophosphatases. The three known PRLs belong to the large family of cysteine phosphatases that form a phosphocysteine intermediate during catalysis. Uniquely to PRLs, this intermediate is stable, with a lifetime measured in hours. As a consequence, PRLs have very little phosphatase activity. Independently, PRLs also act as pseudophosphatases by binding CNNM membrane proteins to regulate magnesium homeostasis. In this function, an aspartic acid from CNNM inserts into the phosphatase catalytic site of PRLs, mimicking a substrate–enzyme interaction. The delineation of PRL pseudophosphatase and phosphatase activities in vivo was impossible until the recent identification of PRL mutants defective in one activity or the other. These mutants showed that CNNM binding was sufficient for PRL oncogenicity in one model of metastasis, but left unresolved its role in other contexts. As the presence of phosphocysteine prevents CNNM binding and CNNM-binding blocks catalytic activity, these two activities are inherently linked. Additional studies are needed to untangle the intertwined catalytic and noncatalytic functions of PRLs. Here, we review the current understanding of the structure and biophysical properties of PRL phosphatases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalle Gehring
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Guennadi Kozlov
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rayan Fakih
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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22
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Kollewe A, Chubanov V, Tseung FT, Correia L, Schmidt E, Rössig A, Zierler S, Haupt A, Müller CS, Bildl W, Schulte U, Nicke A, Fakler B, Gudermann T. The molecular appearance of native TRPM7 channel complexes identified by high-resolution proteomics. eLife 2021; 10:68544. [PMID: 34766907 PMCID: PMC8616561 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential melastatin-subfamily member 7 (TRPM7) is a ubiquitously expressed membrane protein consisting of ion channel and protein kinase domains. TRPM7 plays a fundamental role in the cellular uptake of divalent cations such as Zn2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+, and thus shapes cellular excitability, plasticity, and metabolic activity. The molecular appearance and operation of TRPM7 channels in native tissues have remained unresolved. Here, we investigated the subunit composition of endogenous TRPM7 channels in rodent brain by multi-epitope affinity purification and high-resolution quantitative mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. We found that native TRPM7 channels are high-molecular-weight multi-protein complexes that contain the putative metal transporter proteins CNNM1-4 and a small G-protein ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 15 (ARL15). Heterologous reconstitution experiments confirmed the formation of TRPM7/CNNM/ARL15 ternary complexes and indicated that complex formation effectively and specifically impacts TRPM7 activity. These results open up new avenues towards a mechanistic understanding of the cellular regulation and function of TRPM7 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Kollewe
- Institute of Physiology II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Chubanov
- Walther-Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fong Tsuen Tseung
- Walther-Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Leonor Correia
- Walther-Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Schmidt
- Walther-Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Rössig
- Walther-Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanna Zierler
- Walther-Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Alexander Haupt
- Institute of Physiology II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Catrin Swantje Müller
- Institute of Physiology II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bildl
- Institute of Physiology II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Schulte
- Institute of Physiology II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Annette Nicke
- Walther-Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernd Fakler
- Institute of Physiology II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
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23
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Abdollahi P, Vandsemb EN, Elsaadi S, Røst LM, Yang R, Hjort MA, Andreassen T, Misund K, Slørdahl TS, Rø TB, Sponaas AM, Moestue S, Bruheim P, Børset M. Phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 regulates cancer cell metabolism in multiple myeloma. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21344. [PMID: 33566385 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001920rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells often depend on microenvironment signals from molecules such as cytokines for proliferation and metabolic adaptations. PRL-3, a cytokine-induced oncogenic phosphatase, is highly expressed in multiple myeloma cells and associated with poor outcome in this cancer. We studied whether PRL-3 influences metabolism. Cells transduced to express PRL-3 had higher aerobic glycolytic rate, oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP production than the control cells. PRL-3 promoted glucose uptake and lactate excretion, enhanced the levels of proteins regulating glycolysis and enzymes in the serine/glycine synthesis pathway, a side branch of glycolysis. Moreover, mRNAs for these proteins correlated with PRL-3 expression in primary patient myeloma cells. Glycine decarboxylase (GLDC) was the most significantly induced metabolism gene. Forced GLDC downregulation partly counteracted PRL-3-induced aerobic glycolysis, indicating GLDC involvement in a PRL-3-driven Warburg effect. AMPK, HIF-1α, and c-Myc, important metabolic regulators in cancer cells, were not mediators of PRL-3's metabolic effects. A phosphatase-dead PRL-3 mutant, C104S, promoted many of the metabolic changes induced by wild-type PRL-3, arguing that important metabolic effects of PRL-3 are independent of its phosphatase activity. Through this study, PRL-3 emerges as one of the key mediators of metabolic adaptations in multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Abdollahi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Laboratory Clinic, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Esten N Vandsemb
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Samah Elsaadi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lisa M Røst
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Laboratory Clinic, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Magnus A Hjort
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Children's Clinic, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trygve Andreassen
- MR Core Facility, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristine Misund
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tobias S Slørdahl
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Torstein B Rø
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Children's Clinic, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anne-Marit Sponaas
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Siver Moestue
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Per Bruheim
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Magne Børset
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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24
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Simón J, Goikoetxea-Usandizaga N, Serrano-Maciá M, Fernández-Ramos D, Sáenz de Urturi D, Gruskos JJ, Fernández-Tussy P, Lachiondo-Ortega S, González-Recio I, Rodríguez-Agudo R, Gutiérrez-de-Juan V, Rodríguez-Iruretagoyena B, Varela-Rey M, Gimenez-Mascarell P, Mercado-Gomez M, Gómez-Santos B, Fernandez-Rodriguez C, Lopitz-Otsoa F, Bizkarguenaga M, Dames S, Schaeper U, Martin F, Sabio G, Iruzubieta P, Crespo J, Aspichueta P, Chu KHY, Buccella D, Martín C, Delgado TC, Martínez-Cruz LA, Martínez-Chantar ML. Magnesium accumulation upon cyclin M4 silencing activates microsomal triglyceride transfer protein improving NASH. J Hepatol 2021; 75:34-45. [PMID: 33571553 PMCID: PMC8217299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Perturbations of intracellular magnesium (Mg2+) homeostasis have implications for cell physiology. The cyclin M family, CNNM, perform key functions in the transport of Mg2+ across cell membranes. Herein, we aimed to elucidate the role of CNNM4 in the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). METHODS Serum Mg2+ levels and hepatic CNNM4 expression were characterised in clinical samples. Primary hepatocytes were cultured under methionine and choline deprivation. A 0.1% methionine and choline-deficient diet, or a choline-deficient high-fat diet were used to induce NASH in our in vivo rodent models. Cnnm4 was silenced using siRNA, in vitro with DharmaFECT and in vivo with Invivofectamine® or conjugated to N-acetylgalactosamine. RESULTS Patients with NASH showed hepatic CNNM4 overexpression and dysregulated Mg2+ levels in the serum. Cnnm4 silencing ameliorated hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation and fibrosis in the rodent NASH models. Mechanistically, CNNM4 knockdown in hepatocytes induced cellular Mg2+ accumulation, reduced endoplasmic reticulum stress, and increased microsomal triglyceride transfer activity, which promoted hepatic lipid clearance by increasing the secretion of VLDLs. CONCLUSIONS CNNM4 is overexpressed in patients with NASH and is responsible for dysregulated Mg2+ transport. Hepatic CNNM4 is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of NASH. LAY SUMMARY Cyclin M4 (CNNM4) is overexpressed in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and promotes the export of magnesium from the liver. The liver-specific silencing of Cnnm4 ameliorates NASH by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress and promoting the activity of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Simón
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 48160, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Naroa Goikoetxea-Usandizaga
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Marina Serrano-Maciá
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - David Fernández-Ramos
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 48160, Bizkaia, Spain; Precision Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Diego Sáenz de Urturi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Fernández-Tussy
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Sofía Lachiondo-Ortega
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Irene González-Recio
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Rubén Rodríguez-Agudo
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Virginia Gutiérrez-de-Juan
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Begoña Rodríguez-Iruretagoyena
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Marta Varela-Rey
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 48160, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Paula Gimenez-Mascarell
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - María Mercado-Gomez
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gómez-Santos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Carmen Fernandez-Rodriguez
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Fernando Lopitz-Otsoa
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain; Precision Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Maider Bizkarguenaga
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain; Precision Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | | | | | - Franz Martin
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Seville, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Iruzubieta
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain; Clinical and Translational Digestive Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Javier Crespo
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain; Clinical and Translational Digestive Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Patricia Aspichueta
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 48160, Bizkaia, Spain; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Kevan H-Y Chu
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - César Martín
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Teresa Cardoso Delgado
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Luis Alfonso Martínez-Cruz
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - María Luz Martínez-Chantar
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 48160, Bizkaia, Spain.
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Abstract
CNNM/CorB proteins are a broadly conserved family of integral membrane proteins with close to 90,000 protein sequences known. They are associated with Mg2+ transport but it is not known if they mediate transport themselves or regulate other transporters. Here, we determine the crystal structure of an archaeal CorB protein in two conformations (apo and Mg2+-ATP bound). The transmembrane DUF21 domain exists in an inward-facing conformation with a Mg2+ ion coordinated by a conserved π-helix. In the absence of Mg2+-ATP, the CBS-pair domain adopts an elongated dimeric configuration with previously unobserved domain-domain contacts. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, analytical ultracentrifugation, and molecular dynamics experiments support a role of the structural rearrangements in mediating Mg2+-ATP sensing. Lastly, we use an in vitro, liposome-based assay to demonstrate direct Mg2+ transport by CorB proteins. These structural and functional insights provide a framework for understanding function of CNNMs in Mg2+ transport and associated diseases.
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26
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ARL15 modulates magnesium homeostasis through N-glycosylation of CNNMs. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5427-5445. [PMID: 34089346 PMCID: PMC8257531 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03832-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin M (CNNM1-4) proteins maintain cellular and body magnesium (Mg2+) homeostasis. Using various biochemical approaches, we have identified members of the CNNM family as direct interacting partners of ADP-ribosylation factor-like GTPase 15 (ARL15), a small GTP-binding protein. ARL15 interacts with CNNMs at their carboxyl-terminal conserved cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) domains. In silico modeling of the interaction between CNNM2 and ARL15 supports that the small GTPase specifically binds the CBS1 and CNBH domains. Immunocytochemical experiments demonstrate that CNNM2 and ARL15 co-localize in the kidney, with both proteins showing subcellular localization in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane. Most importantly, we found that ARL15 is required for forming complex N-glycosylation of CNNMs. Overexpression of ARL15 promotes complex N-glycosylation of CNNM3. Mg2+ uptake experiments with a stable isotope demonstrate that there is a significant increase of 25Mg2+ uptake upon knockdown of ARL15 in multiple kidney cancer cell lines. Altogether, our results establish ARL15 as a novel negative regulator of Mg2+ transport by promoting the complex N-glycosylation of CNNMs.
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27
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Huang Y, Mu K, Teng X, Zhao Y, Funato Y, Miki H, Zhu W, Xu Z, Hattori M. Identification and mechanistic analysis of an inhibitor of the CorC Mg 2+ transporter. iScience 2021; 24:102370. [PMID: 33912817 PMCID: PMC8066426 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The CorC/CNNM family of Na+-dependent Mg2+ transporters is ubiquitously conserved from bacteria to humans. CorC, the bacterial CorC/CNNM family of proteins, is involved in resistance to antibiotic exposure and in the survival of pathogenic microorganisms in their host environment. The CorC/CNNM family proteins possess a cytoplasmic region containing the regulatory ATP-binding site. CorC and CNNM have attracted interest as therapeutic targets, whereas inhibitors targeting the ATP-binding site have not been identified. Here, we performed a virtual screening of CorC by targeting its ATP-binding site, identified a compound named IGN95a with inhibitory effects on ATP binding and Mg2+ export, and determined the cytoplasmic domain structure in complex with IGN95a. Furthermore, a chemical cross-linking experiment indicated that with ATP bound to the cytoplasmic domain, the conformational equilibrium of CorC was shifted more toward the inward-facing state of the transmembrane domain. In contrast, IGN95a did not induce such a shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Kaijie Mu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xinyu Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yimeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yosuke Funato
- Department of Cellular Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Miki
- Department of Cellular Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhijian Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Motoyuki Hattori
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200438, China
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28
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Gehring K, Miki H. Phosphatase, pseudo-phosphatase, or both? Understanding PRL oncogenicity. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:1035-1036. [PMID: 33268817 PMCID: PMC7960985 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01194-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatases of regenerating liver (PRL1-3) are among the most oncogenic protein phosphatases but their mechanism of action is poorly understood. Multiple substrates have been proposed as well as a non-catalytic function regulating magnesium transport. Our recent identification of a catalytically inactive PRL mutant that retains oncogenicity in a mouse model promises to resolve the question of whether PRLs act as phosphatases or pseudo-phosphatases in different cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalle Gehring
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Biochemistry and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Hiroaki Miki
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Cellular Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan
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29
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Huang Y, Jin F, Funato Y, Xu Z, Zhu W, Wang J, Sun M, Zhao Y, Yu Y, Miki H, Hattori M. Structural basis for the Mg 2+ recognition and regulation of the CorC Mg 2+ transporter. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/7/eabe6140. [PMID: 33568487 PMCID: PMC7875539 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe6140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The CNNM/CorC family proteins are Mg2+ transporters that are widely distributed in all domains of life. In bacteria, CorC has been implicated in the survival of pathogenic microorganisms. In humans, CNNM proteins are involved in various biological events, such as body absorption/reabsorption of Mg2+ and genetic disorders. Here, we determined the crystal structure of the Mg2+-bound CorC TM domain dimer. Each protomer has a single Mg2+ binding site with a fully dehydrated Mg2+ ion. The residues at the Mg2+ binding site are strictly conserved in both human CNNM2 and CNNM4, and many of these residues are associated with genetic diseases. Furthermore, we determined the structures of the CorC cytoplasmic region containing its regulatory ATP-binding domain. A combination of structural and functional analyses not only revealed the potential interface between the TM and cytoplasmic domains but also showed that ATP binding is important for the Mg2+ export activity of CorC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Fei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yosuke Funato
- Department of Cellular Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Zhijian Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Medical Building, Room 128, 639 Long-Mian Road, Nanjing 200098, China
| | - Minxuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yimeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ye Yu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Medical Building, Room 128, 639 Long-Mian Road, Nanjing 200098, China
| | - Hiroaki Miki
- Department of Cellular Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Motoyuki Hattori
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200438, China.
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30
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The Oncogenic PRL Protein Causes Acid Addiction of Cells by Stimulating Lysosomal Exocytosis. Dev Cell 2020; 55:387-397.e8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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31
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Kozlov G, Funato Y, Chen YS, Zhang Z, Illes K, Miki H, Gehring K. PRL3 pseudophosphatase activity is necessary and sufficient to promote metastatic growth. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:11682-11692. [PMID: 32571875 PMCID: PMC7450121 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatases of regenerating liver (PRLs) are markers of cancer and promote tumor growth. They have been implicated in a variety of biochemical pathways but the physiologically relevant target of phosphatase activity has eluded 20 years of investigation. Here, we show that PRL3 catalytic activity is not required in a mouse model of metastasis. PRL3 binds and inhibits CNNM4, a membrane protein associated with magnesium transport. Analysis of PRL3 mutants specifically defective in either CNNM-binding or phosphatase activity demonstrate that CNNM binding is necessary and sufficient to promote tumor metastasis. As PRLs do have phosphatase activity, they are in fact pseudo-pseudophosphatases. Phosphatase activity leads to formation of phosphocysteine, which blocks CNNM binding and may play a regulatory role. We show levels of PRL cysteine phosphorylation vary in response to culture conditions and in different tissues. Examination of related protein phosphatases shows the stability of phosphocysteine is a unique and evolutionarily conserved property of PRLs. The demonstration that PRL3 functions as a pseudophosphatase has important ramifications for the design of PRL inhibitors for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guennadi Kozlov
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yosuke Funato
- Department of Cellular Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yu Seby Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zhidian Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Katalin Illes
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hiroaki Miki
- Department of Cellular Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kalle Gehring
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, For correspondence: Kalle Gehring,
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32
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Cai F, Huang Y, Wang M, Sun M, Zhao Y, Hattori M. A FRET-based screening method to detect potential inhibitors of the binding of CNNM3 to PRL2. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12879. [PMID: 32733084 PMCID: PMC7393355 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69818-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclin M (CNNM) family of Mg2+ transporters is reported to promote tumour progression by binding to phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL) proteins. Here, we established an assay for detection of the binding between the cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS) domain of human CNNM3 (a region responsible for PRL binding) and human PRL2 using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) techniques. By fusing YPet to the C-terminus of the CNNM3 CBS domain and CyPet to the N-terminus of PRL2, we performed a FRET-based binding assay with purified proteins in multiwell plates and successfully detected the changes in fluorescence intensity derived from FRET with a reasonable Kd. We then confirmed that the addition of non-YPet-tagged CNNM3 and non-CyPet-tagged PRL proteins inhibited the changes in FRET intensity, whereas non-YPet-tagged CNNM3 with a mutation at the PRL2-binding site did not exhibit such inhibition. Furthermore, newly synthesized peptides derived from the CNNM loop region, with the PRL-binding sequences of the CNNM3 CBS domain, inhibited the interactions between CNNM3 and PRL2. Overall, these results showed that this method can be used for screening to identify inhibitors of CNNM-PRL interactions, potentially for novel anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faji Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yichen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Minxuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yimeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Motoyuki Hattori
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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33
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Mg2+-ATP Sensing in CNNM, a Putative Magnesium Transporter. Structure 2020; 28:324-335.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2019.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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34
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Giménez-Mascarell P, Oyenarte I, González-Recio I, Fernández-Rodríguez C, Corral-Rodríguez MÁ, Campos-Zarraga I, Simón J, Kostantin E, Hardy S, Díaz Quintana A, Zubillaga Lizeaga M, Merino N, Diercks T, Blanco FJ, Díaz Moreno I, Martínez-Chantar ML, Tremblay ML, Müller D, Siliqi D, Martínez-Cruz LA. Structural Insights into the Intracellular Region of the Human Magnesium Transport Mediator CNNM4. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6279. [PMID: 31842432 PMCID: PMC6940986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The four member family of "Cyclin and Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) domain divalent metal cation transport mediators", CNNMs, are the least-studied mammalian magnesium transport mediators. CNNM4 is abundant in the brain and the intestinal tract, and its abnormal activity causes Jalili Syndrome. Recent findings show that suppression of CNNM4 in mice promotes malignant progression of intestinal polyps and is linked to infertility. The association of CNNM4 with phosphatases of the regenerating liver, PRLs, abrogates its Mg2+-efflux capacity, thus resulting in an increased intracellular Mg2+ concentration that favors tumor growth. Here we present the crystal structures of the two independent intracellular domains of human CNNM4, i.e., the Bateman module and the cyclic nucleotide binding-like domain (cNMP). We also derive a model structure for the full intracellular region in the absence and presence of MgATP and the oncogenic interacting partner, PRL-1. We find that only the Bateman module interacts with ATP and Mg2+, at non-overlapping sites facilitating their positive cooperativity. Furthermore, both domains dimerize autonomously, where the cNMP domain dimer forms a rigid cleft to restrict the Mg2+ induced sliding of the inserting CBS1 motives of the Bateman module, from a twisted to a flat disk shaped dimer.
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Grants
- ETORTEK IE05-147 Departamento de Industria, Innovación, Comercio y Turismo del Gobierno Vasco
- IE07-202 Departamento de Industria, Innovación, Comercio y Turismo del Gobierno Vasco
- 7/13/08/2006/11 Diputación Foral de Bizkaia
- 7/13/08/2005/14 Diputación Foral de Bizkaia
- BFU2010-17857 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
- BFU2013-47531-R Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España
- BES-2014-068464 Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España
- BFU2016-77408-R Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España
- BES-2017-080435 Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España
- CSD2008-00005 MICINN CONSOLIDER-INGENIO 2010 Program
- BAG MX20113 Diamond Light source
- 2013111114 Gobierno Vasco-Departamento de Salud
- SAF2017-87301-R Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España
- BIO15/CA/014 EITB Maratoia
- SEV-2016-0644 Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España
- 12.01.134/2bT4 Berlin Institute of Health
- #343439 Canadian Institute for Health Research
- MX15832-9 Diamond Light Source
- MX15832-10 Diamond Light Source
- PGC2018-096049-B100 Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España
- CTQ2017-83810-R Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España
- PI2010-17 Departamento de Educación, Universidades e Investigación del Gobierno Vasco
- BAG 2019073624 ALBA Synchrotron
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Giménez-Mascarell
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Bizkaia Science and Technology Park Bld 801A, 48160 Derio, Spain; (P.G.-M.); (I.O.); (I.G.-R.); (C.F.-R.); (M.Á.C.-R.); (I.C.-Z.); (J.S.); (M.L.M.-C.)
| | - Iker Oyenarte
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Bizkaia Science and Technology Park Bld 801A, 48160 Derio, Spain; (P.G.-M.); (I.O.); (I.G.-R.); (C.F.-R.); (M.Á.C.-R.); (I.C.-Z.); (J.S.); (M.L.M.-C.)
| | - Irene González-Recio
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Bizkaia Science and Technology Park Bld 801A, 48160 Derio, Spain; (P.G.-M.); (I.O.); (I.G.-R.); (C.F.-R.); (M.Á.C.-R.); (I.C.-Z.); (J.S.); (M.L.M.-C.)
| | - Carmen Fernández-Rodríguez
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Bizkaia Science and Technology Park Bld 801A, 48160 Derio, Spain; (P.G.-M.); (I.O.); (I.G.-R.); (C.F.-R.); (M.Á.C.-R.); (I.C.-Z.); (J.S.); (M.L.M.-C.)
| | - María Ángeles Corral-Rodríguez
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Bizkaia Science and Technology Park Bld 801A, 48160 Derio, Spain; (P.G.-M.); (I.O.); (I.G.-R.); (C.F.-R.); (M.Á.C.-R.); (I.C.-Z.); (J.S.); (M.L.M.-C.)
| | - Igone Campos-Zarraga
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Bizkaia Science and Technology Park Bld 801A, 48160 Derio, Spain; (P.G.-M.); (I.O.); (I.G.-R.); (C.F.-R.); (M.Á.C.-R.); (I.C.-Z.); (J.S.); (M.L.M.-C.)
| | - Jorge Simón
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Bizkaia Science and Technology Park Bld 801A, 48160 Derio, Spain; (P.G.-M.); (I.O.); (I.G.-R.); (C.F.-R.); (M.Á.C.-R.); (I.C.-Z.); (J.S.); (M.L.M.-C.)
| | - Elie Kostantin
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; (E.K.); (S.H.); (M.L.T.)
| | - Serge Hardy
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; (E.K.); (S.H.); (M.L.T.)
| | - Antonio Díaz Quintana
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla—CSIC. Avda. Americo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (A.D.Q.); (I.D.M.)
| | - Mara Zubillaga Lizeaga
- Structural Biology Unit, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Bizkaia Science and Technology Park Bld 800, 48160 Derio, Spain; (M.Z.L.); (N.M.); (T.D.); (F.J.B.)
| | - Nekane Merino
- Structural Biology Unit, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Bizkaia Science and Technology Park Bld 800, 48160 Derio, Spain; (M.Z.L.); (N.M.); (T.D.); (F.J.B.)
| | - Tammo Diercks
- Structural Biology Unit, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Bizkaia Science and Technology Park Bld 800, 48160 Derio, Spain; (M.Z.L.); (N.M.); (T.D.); (F.J.B.)
| | - Francisco J. Blanco
- Structural Biology Unit, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Bizkaia Science and Technology Park Bld 800, 48160 Derio, Spain; (M.Z.L.); (N.M.); (T.D.); (F.J.B.)
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Irene Díaz Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla—CSIC. Avda. Americo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (A.D.Q.); (I.D.M.)
| | - María Luz Martínez-Chantar
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Bizkaia Science and Technology Park Bld 801A, 48160 Derio, Spain; (P.G.-M.); (I.O.); (I.G.-R.); (C.F.-R.); (M.Á.C.-R.); (I.C.-Z.); (J.S.); (M.L.M.-C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Michel L. Tremblay
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; (E.K.); (S.H.); (M.L.T.)
| | - Dominik Müller
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Disorders, Charité Universitäts medizin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Dritan Siliqi
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Luis Alfonso Martínez-Cruz
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Bizkaia Science and Technology Park Bld 801A, 48160 Derio, Spain; (P.G.-M.); (I.O.); (I.G.-R.); (C.F.-R.); (M.Á.C.-R.); (I.C.-Z.); (J.S.); (M.L.M.-C.)
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Lazo JS, Blanco IK, Tasker NR, Rastelli EJ, Burnett JC, Garrott SR, Hart DJ, McCloud RL, Hsu KL, Wipf P, Sharlow ER. Next-Generation Cell-Active Inhibitors of the Undrugged Oncogenic PTP4A3 Phosphatase. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 371:652-662. [PMID: 31601683 PMCID: PMC6856870 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.262188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are overexpressed in numerous human cancers but they have been challenging pharmacological targets. The emblematic oncogenic PTP4A tyrosine phosphatase family regulates many fundamental malignant processes. 7-Imino-2-phenylthieno[3,2-c]pyridine-4,6(5H,7H)-dione (JMS-053) is a novel, potent, and selective PTP4A inhibitor but its mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated, nor has the chemotype been fully investigated. Because tyrosine phosphatases are notoriously susceptible to oxidation, we interrogated JMS-053 and three newly synthesized analogs with specific attention on the role of oxidation. JMS-053 and its three analogs were potent in vitro PTP4A3 inhibitors, but 7-imino-5-methyl-2-phenylthieno[3,2-c]pyridine-4,6(5H,7H)-dione (NRT-870-59) appeared unique among the thienopyridinediones with respect to its inhibitory specificity for PTP4A3 versus both a PTP4A3 A111S mutant and an oncogenic dual specificity tyrosine phosphatase, CDC25B. Like JMS-053, NRT-870-59 was a reversible PTP4A3 inhibitor. All of the thienopyridinediones retained cytotoxicity against human ovarian and breast cancer cells grown as pathologically relevant three-dimensional spheroids. Inhibition of cancer cell colony formation by NRT-870-59, like JMS-053, required PTP4A3 expression. JMS-053 failed to generate significant detectable reactive oxygen species in vitro or in cancer cells. Mass spectrometry results indicated no disulfide bond formation or oxidation of the catalytic Cys104 after in vitro incubation of PTP4A3 with JMS-053 or NRT-870-59. Gene expression profiling of cancer cells exposed to JMS-053 phenocopied many of the changes seen with the loss of PTP4A3 and did not indicate oxidative stress. These data demonstrate that PTP4A phosphatases can be selectively targeted with small molecules that lack prominent reactive oxygen species generation and encourage further studies of this chemotype. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Protein tyrosine phosphatases are emerging as important contributors to human cancers. We report on a new class of reversible protein phosphatase small molecule inhibitors that are cytotoxic to human ovarian and breast cancer cells, do not generate significant reactive oxygen species in vitro and in cells, and could be valuable lead molecules for future studies of PTP4A phosphatases.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Lazo
- Departments of Pharmacology (J.S.L., I.K.B., S.R.G., D.J.H., E.R.S.) and Chemistry (J.S.L., R.L.M., K.-L.H.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; and Department of Chemistry (N.R.T., E.J.R., J.C.B., P.W.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Isabella K Blanco
- Departments of Pharmacology (J.S.L., I.K.B., S.R.G., D.J.H., E.R.S.) and Chemistry (J.S.L., R.L.M., K.-L.H.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; and Department of Chemistry (N.R.T., E.J.R., J.C.B., P.W.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nikhil R Tasker
- Departments of Pharmacology (J.S.L., I.K.B., S.R.G., D.J.H., E.R.S.) and Chemistry (J.S.L., R.L.M., K.-L.H.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; and Department of Chemistry (N.R.T., E.J.R., J.C.B., P.W.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ettore J Rastelli
- Departments of Pharmacology (J.S.L., I.K.B., S.R.G., D.J.H., E.R.S.) and Chemistry (J.S.L., R.L.M., K.-L.H.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; and Department of Chemistry (N.R.T., E.J.R., J.C.B., P.W.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - James C Burnett
- Departments of Pharmacology (J.S.L., I.K.B., S.R.G., D.J.H., E.R.S.) and Chemistry (J.S.L., R.L.M., K.-L.H.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; and Department of Chemistry (N.R.T., E.J.R., J.C.B., P.W.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sharon R Garrott
- Departments of Pharmacology (J.S.L., I.K.B., S.R.G., D.J.H., E.R.S.) and Chemistry (J.S.L., R.L.M., K.-L.H.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; and Department of Chemistry (N.R.T., E.J.R., J.C.B., P.W.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Duncan J Hart
- Departments of Pharmacology (J.S.L., I.K.B., S.R.G., D.J.H., E.R.S.) and Chemistry (J.S.L., R.L.M., K.-L.H.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; and Department of Chemistry (N.R.T., E.J.R., J.C.B., P.W.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rebecca L McCloud
- Departments of Pharmacology (J.S.L., I.K.B., S.R.G., D.J.H., E.R.S.) and Chemistry (J.S.L., R.L.M., K.-L.H.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; and Department of Chemistry (N.R.T., E.J.R., J.C.B., P.W.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ku-Lung Hsu
- Departments of Pharmacology (J.S.L., I.K.B., S.R.G., D.J.H., E.R.S.) and Chemistry (J.S.L., R.L.M., K.-L.H.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; and Department of Chemistry (N.R.T., E.J.R., J.C.B., P.W.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter Wipf
- Departments of Pharmacology (J.S.L., I.K.B., S.R.G., D.J.H., E.R.S.) and Chemistry (J.S.L., R.L.M., K.-L.H.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; and Department of Chemistry (N.R.T., E.J.R., J.C.B., P.W.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Elizabeth R Sharlow
- Departments of Pharmacology (J.S.L., I.K.B., S.R.G., D.J.H., E.R.S.) and Chemistry (J.S.L., R.L.M., K.-L.H.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; and Department of Chemistry (N.R.T., E.J.R., J.C.B., P.W.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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36
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Buchowiecka AK. Modified cysteine S-phosphopeptide standards for mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Amino Acids 2019; 51:1365-1375. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02773-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Phosphatase of regenerating liver sensitizes MET to functional activation by hepatocyte growth factor. Biochem J 2019; 476:1419-1431. [PMID: 31036720 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL) is overexpressed in metastatic cancers and actively drives their malignant progression. Many studies on cultured cancer cells have implied PRL overexpression as a stimulant for cellular signaling involved in cell proliferation. However, its role in the tightly adhered and polarized epithelial cells remains largely uncharacterized. In this study, we show that inducible expression of PRL in MDCK normal epithelial cells sensitized MET, the receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), to functional activation by HGF. We found that PRL expression amplified tyrosine phosphorylation levels of various proteins, among which MET was identified to be the most abundant. This phosphorylation occurred selectively at Y1234/1235 in the activation loop of MET, whereas phosphorylation of Y1349 in the effector-binding site, which is directly involved in downstream signaling, was almost undetectable. Consistently, PRL overexpression by itself did not cause observable alterations at the cellular level. However, when cells were stimulated with HGF, phosphorylation of Y1349 was much more strongly induced in PRL-expressing cells than in control cells. This resulted in robust cell scattering and tubulogenesis, even with low levels of HGF. Collectively, these results demonstrate a unique role of PRL in regulating MET function, which is known to be crucial for remodeling of epithelial tissues and malignant progression of cancers.
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Zhang Z, Kozlov G, Chen YS, Gehring K. Mechanism of thienopyridone and iminothienopyridinedione inhibition of protein phosphatases. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:791-799. [PMID: 31191869 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00175a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Thienopyridone (TP) has been proposed as a selective inhibitor of phosphatases of regenerating liver (PRL or PTP4A). PRLs are dual specificity phosphatases that promote cancer progression and are attractive anticancer targets. TP and iminothienopyridinedione (ITP), a more potent derivative, were shown to be effective inhibitors but the mechanism of inhibition was not established. Here, we perform NMR experiments and in vitro phosphatase assays to show that TP and ITP inhibit protein phosphatases non-specifically through oxidation of the phosphatase catalytic cysteine. We demonstrate that TP and ITP are redox active compounds, inhibiting PRL-3 and multiple other PTPs through oxidation. They also catalyze the oxidation of thioredoxin-1 as well as small molecules, like TCEP, DTT, and glutathione. The reported selectivity of TP and ITP is likely due to the higher susceptibility of PRLs to oxidation. Thus, while TP and ITP effectively inhibit PRLs, their use for studying the cellular function of PRLs is problematic due to the likelihood of off-target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidian Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre for Structural Biology , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec , Canada .
| | - Guennadi Kozlov
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre for Structural Biology , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec , Canada .
| | - Yu Seby Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre for Structural Biology , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec , Canada .
| | - Kalle Gehring
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre for Structural Biology , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec , Canada .
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Current Structural Knowledge on the CNNM Family of Magnesium Transport Mediators. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051135. [PMID: 30845649 PMCID: PMC6429129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cyclin and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) domain magnesium transport mediators, CNNMs, are key players in maintaining the homeostasis of magnesium in different organs. The human family includes four members, whose impaired activity causes diseases such as Jalili Syndrome or Familial Hypomagnesemia, but is also linked to neuropathologic disorders, altered blood pressure, and infertility. Recent findings demonstrated that CNNMs are associated with the highly oncogenic phosphatases of the regenerating liver to promote tumor growth and metastasis, which has attracted renewed focus on their potential exploitation as targets for cancer treatment. However, the exact function of CNNMs remains unclear and is subject to debate, proposed as either direct transporters, sensors, or homeostatic factors. This review gathers the current structural knowledge on the CNNM family, highlighting similarities and differences with the closely related structural partners such as the bacterial Mg2+/Co2+ efflux protein CorC and the Mg2+ channel MgtE.
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40
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CFP suppresses breast cancer cell growth by TES-mediated upregulation of the transcription factor DDIT3. Oncogene 2019; 38:4560-4573. [PMID: 30755730 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0739-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous genetic disease driven by the accumulation of individual mutations per tumor. Whole-genome sequencing approaches have identified numerous genes with recurrent mutations in primary tumors. Although mutations in well characterized tumor suppressors and oncogenes are overrepresented in these sets, the majority of the genetically altered genes have so far unknown roles in breast cancer progression. To improve the basic understanding of the complex disease breast cancer and to potentially identify novel drug targets or regulators of known cancer-driving pathways, we analyzed 86 wild-type genes and 94 mutated variants for their effect on cell growth using a serially constructed panel of MCF7 cell lines. We demonstrate in subsequent experiments that the metal cation transporter CNNM4 regulates growth by induction of apoptosis and identified a tumor suppressive role of complement factor properdin (CFP) in vitro and in vivo. CFP appears to induce the intracellular upregulation of the pro-apoptotic transcription factor DDIT3 which is associated with endoplasmic reticulum-stress response.
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Magnesium-sensitive upstream ORF controls PRL phosphatase expression to mediate energy metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:2925-2934. [PMID: 30718434 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1815361116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatases of regenerating liver (PRL-1, PRL-2, and PRL-3, also known as PTP4A1, PTP4A2, and PTP4A3) control magnesium homeostasis through an association with the CNNM magnesium transport regulators. Although high PRL levels have been linked to cancer progression, regulation of their expression is poorly understood. Here we show that modulating intracellular magnesium levels correlates with a rapid change of PRL expression by a mechanism involving its 5'UTR mRNA region. Mutations or CRISPR-Cas9 targeting of the conserved upstream ORF present in the mRNA leader derepress PRL protein synthesis and attenuate the translational response to magnesium levels. Mechanistically, magnesium depletion reduces intracellular ATP but up-regulates PRL protein expression via activation of the AMPK/mTORC2 pathway, which controls cellular energy status. Hence, altered PRL-2 expression leads to metabolic reprogramming of the cells. These findings uncover a magnesium-sensitive mechanism controlling PRL expression, which plays a role in cellular bioenergetics.
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Cnnm4 deficiency suppresses Ca2+ signaling and promotes cell proliferation in the colon epithelia. Oncogene 2019; 38:3962-3969. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0682-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Chen YS, Kozlov G, Fakih R, Funato Y, Miki H, Gehring K. The cyclic nucleotide-binding homology domain of the integral membrane protein CNNM mediates dimerization and is required for Mg 2+ efflux activity. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:19998-20007. [PMID: 30341174 PMCID: PMC6311497 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins of the cyclin M family (CNNMs; also called ancient conserved domain proteins, or ACDPs) are represented by four integral membrane proteins that have been proposed to function as Mg2+ transporters. CNNMs are associated with a number of genetic diseases affecting ion movement and cancer via their association with highly oncogenic phosphatases of regenerating liver (PRLs). Structurally, CNNMs contain an N-terminal extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain (DUF21), and a large cytosolic region containing a cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) domain and a putative cyclic nucleotide-binding homology (CNBH) domain. Although the CBS domain has been extensively characterized, little is known about the CNBH domain. Here, we determined the first crystal structures of the CNBH domains of CNNM2 and CNNM3 at 2.6 and 1.9 Å resolutions. Contrary to expectation, these domains did not bind cyclic nucleotides, but mediated dimerization both in crystals and in solution. Analytical ultracentrifugation experiments revealed an inverse correlation between the propensity of the CNBH domains to dimerize and the ability of CNNMs to mediate Mg2+ efflux. CNBH domains from active family members were observed as both dimers and monomers, whereas the inactive member, CNNM3, was observed only as a dimer. Mutational analysis revealed that the CNBH domain was required for Mg2+ efflux activity of CNNM4. This work provides a structural basis for understanding the function of CNNM proteins in Mg2+ transport and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Seby Chen
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Centre for Structural Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada and
| | - Guennadi Kozlov
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Centre for Structural Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada and
| | - Rayan Fakih
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Centre for Structural Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada and
| | - Yosuke Funato
- the Department of Cellular Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Miki
- the Department of Cellular Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kalle Gehring
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Centre for Structural Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada and , To whom correspondence should be addressed:
Dept. of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3649 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Rm. 469, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada. Tel.:
514-398-7287; E-mail:
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44
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Molecular function and biological importance of CNNM family Mg2+ transporters. J Biochem 2018; 165:219-225. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvy095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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45
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Park D, Goh CJ, Kim H, Lee JS, Hahn Y. Loss of conserved ubiquitylation sites in conserved proteins during human evolution. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:2203-2212. [PMID: 30015863 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitylation of lysine residues in proteins serves a pivotal role in the efficient removal of misfolded or unused proteins and in the control of various regulatory pathways by monitoring protein activity that may lead to protein degradation. The loss of ubiquitylated lysines may affect the ubiquitin‑mediated regulatory network and result in the emergence of novel phenotypes. The present study analyzed mouse ubiquitylation data and orthologous proteins from 62 mammals to identify 193 conserved ubiquitylation sites from 169 proteins that were lost in the Euarchonta lineage leading to humans. A total of 8 proteins, including betaine homocysteine S‑methyltransferase, clin and CBS domain divalent metal cation transport mediator 3, ribosome‑binding protein 1 and solute carrier family 37 member 4, lost 1 conserved lysine residue, which was ubiquitylated in the mouse ortholog, following the human‑chimpanzee divergence. A total of 17 of the lost ubiquitylated lysines are also known to be modified by acetylation and/or succinylation in mice. In 8 cases, a novel lysine evolved at positions flanking the lost conserved lysine residues, potentially as a method of compensation. We hypothesize that the loss of ubiquitylation sites during evolution may lead to the development of advantageous phenotypes, which are then fixed by selection. The ancestral ubiquitylation sites identified in the present study may be a useful resource for investigating the association between loss of ubiquitylation sites and the emergence of novel phenotypes during evolution towards modern humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbin Park
- Department of Life Science, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Jun Goh
- Department of Life Science, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyein Kim
- Department of Life Science, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Seok Lee
- Department of Life Science, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsoo Hahn
- Department of Life Science, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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46
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Abstract
The phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL) family, also known as protein tyrosine phosphatase 4A (PTP4A), are dual-specificity phosphatases with largely unknown cellular functions. However, accumulating evidence indicates that PRLs are oncogenic across a broad variety of human cancers. PRLs are highly expressed in advanced tumors and metastases compared to early stage cancers or matched healthy tissue, and high expression of PRLs often correlates with poor patient prognosis. Consequentially, PRLs have been considered potential therapeutic targets in cancer. Persistent efforts have been made to define their role and mechanism in cancer progression and to create specific PRL inhibitors for basic research and drug development. However, targeting PRLs with small molecules remains challenging due to the highly conserved active site of protein tyrosine phosphatases and a high degree of sequence similarity between the PRL protein families. Here, we review the current PRL inhibitors, including the strategies used for their identification, their biological efficacy, potency, and selectivity, with a special focus on how PRL structure can inform future efforts to develop specific PRL inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wei
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Konstantin V Korotkov
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Jessica S Blackburn
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.
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47
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Hardy S, Kostantin E, Hatzihristidis T, Zolotarov Y, Uetani N, Tremblay ML. Physiological and oncogenic roles of thePRLphosphatases. FEBS J 2018; 285:3886-3908. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Hardy
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre Montréal Canada
| | - Elie Kostantin
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre Montréal Canada
- Department of Biochemistry McGill University Montréal Canada
| | - Teri Hatzihristidis
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre Montréal Canada
- Department of Medicine Division of Experimental Medicine McGill University Montreal Canada
| | - Yevgen Zolotarov
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre Montréal Canada
- Department of Biochemistry McGill University Montréal Canada
| | - Noriko Uetani
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre Montréal Canada
| | - Michel L. Tremblay
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre Montréal Canada
- Department of Biochemistry McGill University Montréal Canada
- Department of Medicine Division of Experimental Medicine McGill University Montreal Canada
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48
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Phosphatase of regenerating liver maintains cellular magnesium homeostasis. Biochem J 2018; 475:1129-1139. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL) is highly expressed in malignant cancers and promotes cancer progression. Recent studies have suggested its functional relationship with Mg2+, but the importance and molecular details of this relationship remain unknown. Here, we report that PRL expression is regulated by Mg2+ and PRL protects cells from apoptosis under Mg2+-depleted conditions. When cultured cells were subjected to Mg2+ depletion, endogenous PRL protein levels increased significantly. siRNA-mediated knockdown of endogenous PRL did not significantly affect cell proliferation under normal culture conditions, but it increased cell death after Mg2+ depletion. Imaging analyses with a fluorescent probe for Mg2+ showed that PRL knockdown severely reduced intracellular Mg2+ levels, indicating a role for PRL in maintaining intracellular Mg2+. We also examined the mechanism of augmented expression of PRL proteins and found that PRL mRNA transcription was stimulated by Mg2+ depletion. A series of analyses revealed the activation and the crucial importance of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 in this process. Collectively, these results implicate PRL in maintaining cellular Mg2+ homeostasis.
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49
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Funato Y, Furutani K, Kurachi Y, Miki H. CrossTalk proposal: CNNM proteins are Na + /Mg 2+ exchangers playing a central role in transepithelial Mg 2+ (re)absorption. J Physiol 2018; 596:743-746. [PMID: 29383719 DOI: 10.1113/jp275248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Funato
- Department of Cellular Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuharu Furutani
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yoshihisa Kurachi
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Miki
- Department of Cellular Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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50
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Arjona FJ, de Baaij JHF. CrossTalk opposing view: CNNM proteins are not Na + /Mg 2+ exchangers but Mg 2+ transport regulators playing a central role in transepithelial Mg 2+ (re)absorption. J Physiol 2018; 596:747-750. [PMID: 29383729 PMCID: PMC5830416 DOI: 10.1113/jp275249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Arjona
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen H F de Baaij
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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