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Brauer NR, Kempen AL, Hernandez D, Sintim HO. Non-kinase off-target inhibitory activities of clinically-relevant kinase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 275:116540. [PMID: 38852338 PMCID: PMC11243610 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Protein kinases are responsible for a myriad of cellular functions, such as cell cycle, apoptosis, and proliferation. Because of this, kinases make excellent targets for therapeutics. During the process to identify clinical kinase inhibitor candidates, kinase selectivity profiles of lead inhibitors are typically obtained. Such kinome selectivity screening could identify crucial kinase anti-targets that might contribute to drug toxicity and/or reveal additional kinase targets that potentially contribute to the efficacy of the compound via kinase polypharmacology. In addition to kinome panel screening, practitioners also obtain the inhibition profiles of a few non-kinase targets, such as ion-channels and select GPCR targets to identify compounds that might possess potential liabilities. Often ignored is the possibility that identified kinase inhibitors might also inhibit or bind to the other proteins (greater than 20,000) in the cell that are not kinases, which may be relevant to toxicity or even additional mode of drug action. This review highlights various inhibitors, which have been approved by the FDA or are currently undergoing clinical trials, that also inhibit other non-kinase targets. The binding poses of the drugs in the binding sites of the target kinases and off-targets are analyzed to understand if the same features of the compounds are critical for the polypharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickolas R Brauer
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Allison L Kempen
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Delmis Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, 201 S. University St., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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2
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Xu S, Peng Y, Yang K, Liu S, He Z, Huang J, Xiao R, Liu J, Yan Z, Lian Z, Pan H, Chen J, Shi J, Yao X, Deng H. PROTAC based STING degrader attenuates acute colitis by inhibiting macrophage M1 polarization and intestinal epithelial cells pyroptosis mediated by STING-NLRP3 axis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024:112990. [PMID: 39223062 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic, relapsing, and inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by abnormal immune responses. Recently, STING has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for various autoinflammatory diseases. However, few STING-selective small molecules have been investigated as novel strategies for IBD. In this study, we sought to examine the effects of PROTAC-based STING degrader SP23 on acute colitis and explore its underlying mechanism. SP23 treatment notably alleviates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Pharmacological degradation of STING significantly reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and inhibited macrophage polarization towards the M1 type. Furthermore, SP23 administration decreased the loss of tight junction proteins, including ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-1, and downregulated STING and NLRP3 signaling pathways in intestinal inflammation. In vitro, STING activated NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in intestinal epithelial cells, which could be abrogated by SP23 and STING siRNA intervention. In conclusion, these findings provide new evidence for STING as a novel therapeutic target for IBD, and reveal that hyperactivation of STING could exaggerate colitis by inducing NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD axis mediated intestinal epithelial cells pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yifeng Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhanke He
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junli Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Ruipei Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ziyan Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiying Lian
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huayang Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jiaolong Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xingxing Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Haijun Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Yu X, Cai L, Yao J, Li C, Wang X. Agonists and Inhibitors of the cGAS-STING Pathway. Molecules 2024; 29:3121. [PMID: 38999073 PMCID: PMC11243509 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway is pivotal in immunotherapy. Several agonists and inhibitors of the cGAS-STING pathway have been developed and evaluated for the treatment of various diseases. The agonists aim to activate STING, with cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) being the most common, while the inhibitors aim to block the enzymatic activity or DNA binding ability of cGAS. Meanwhile, non-CDN compounds and cGAS agonists are also gaining attention. The omnipresence of the cGAS-STING pathway in vivo indicates that its overactivation could lead to undesired inflammatory responses and autoimmune diseases, which underscores the necessity of developing both agonists and inhibitors of the cGAS-STING pathway. This review describes the molecular traits and roles of the cGAS-STING pathway and summarizes the development of cGAS-STING agonists and inhibitors. The information is supposed to be conducive to the design of novel drugs for targeting the cGAS-STING pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Yu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Linxiang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jingyue Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China;
| | - Cenming Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Xu D, Zhang L, Song C, Zhang D, Xing C, Lv J, Bian H, Zhu M, Han M, Yu Y, Su L. Acacetin targets STING to alleviate the destabilization of the medial meniscus-induced osteoarthritis in mice. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03167-8. [PMID: 38856915 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03167-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disorder affecting about 7% of the global population, primarily characterized by the gradual loss of articular cartilage. This degeneration results from local inflammation, matrix depletion, and direct cartilage damage. A critical element in this process is the activation of the stimulator of the interferon genes (STING) pathway. Emerging evidence highlights its potential as a therapeutic target, with natural products showing promise as inhibitors. Our study centers on Acacetin, a basic unit of polyketides known for its anti-inflammatory properties. Prior research has highlighted its potential interaction with STING based on the structure. Thus, this study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Acacetin as a STING inhibitor and its protective role against OA. In vitro experiments showed that Acacetin pretreatment not only mitigated interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced cytotoxicity but also decreased the inflammatory response and degeneration in chondrocytes stimulated IL-1β. In vivo studies revealed that Acacetin administration significantly reduced articular cartilage destruction, abnormal bone remodeling, and osteophyte formation in a model of OA induced by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). Mechanistically, Acacetin was found to interact directly with STING, and inhibit IL-1β-induced activation of STING, along with the subsequent phosphorylation of the TBK1/NF-κB pathway in chondrocytes. In conclusion, our findings establish Acacetin as an effective inhibitor of STING that protects chondrocytes from IL-1β-induced damage and slows the progression of OA in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingjun Xu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shangda Road 99, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shangda Road 99, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Linjie Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shangda Road 99, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Chenyu Song
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shangda Road 99, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Dinglei Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shangda Road 99, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Chunlei Xing
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shangda Road 99, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Juan Lv
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shangda Road 99, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Huihui Bian
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shangda Road 99, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Minyu Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Minxuan Han
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yongsheng Yu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shangda Road 99, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Li Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shangda Road 99, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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5
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Liu W, Zhang Chen Z, Yang C, Fan Y, Qiao L, Xie S, Cao L. Update on the STING Signaling Pathway in Developing Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2024; 12:91-99. [PMID: 38250469 PMCID: PMC10794270 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2023.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent chronic liver condition with limited treatment options. Inflammation caused by metabolic disturbances plays a significant role in NAFLD development. Stimulator of interferon gene (STING), a critical regulator of innate immunity, induces the production of interferons and other pro-inflammatory factors by recognizing cytoplasmic DNA to defend against pathogen infection. The STING-mediated signaling pathway appears to play a vital role in hepatic inflammation, metabolic disorders, and even carcinogenesis. Promisingly, pharmacological interventions targeting STING have shown improvements in the pathological state of NAFLD. Macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and T cell pathways regulated by STING present potential novel druggable targets for NAFLD treatment. Further research and development in this area may offer new therapeutic options for managing NAFLD effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhili Zhang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenhui Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaofu Fan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Qiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaofeng Xie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Cao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Gao J, Liang C, Yin J, Bai Y, Hu D. Discovery of Palbociclib as a potent c-Myc G4 stabilizer for lung cancer treatment using molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and in vitro activity evaluation. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-023-10789-2. [PMID: 38246949 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10789-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Despite significant progress in lung cancer treatment, this disease remains a prevalent and serious global malignancy, leading to high rates of illness and death. Urgent research is needed to discover new or alternative therapies that can improve clinical outcomes for lung cancer patients. In our study, we successfully demonstrated the effectiveness of Palbociclib, a CDK4/6 inhibitor, in suppressing the growth of lung cancer cells. The IC50 values obtained were 11.00 μM and 11.74 μM for H1299 and A549 cells, respectively. Furthermore, our findings indicate that Palbociclib may possess strong c-Myc G4 stabilizing properties by significantly reducing both protein and mRNA expression levels of c-Myc. Additionally, Palbociclib induces apoptosis and causes cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase in two cells. Through circular dichroism (CD), molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, we have provided evidence that Palbociclib enhances the structural stability of c-Myc G4 while exhibiting a high binding affinity to its ligand's binding site on c-Myc G4. These results suggest that Palbociclib holds promise as a novel c-Myc G4 stabilizer for treating cancers associated with abnormal c-Myc activity; further optimization and development are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gao
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Chao Liang
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Jiacheng Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Bai
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Dong Hu
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.
- Anhui Occupational Health and Safety Engineering Laboratory, Huainan, 232001, China.
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety of Anhui Higher Education Institute, Huainan, 232001, China.
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Prevention and Control & Occupational Safety and Health of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China.
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7
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Gong J, Gao X, Ge S, Li H, Wang R, Zhao L. The Role of cGAS-STING Signalling in Metabolic Diseases: from Signalling Networks to Targeted Intervention. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:152-174. [PMID: 38164186 PMCID: PMC10750282 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.84890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a crucial innate defence mechanism against viral infection in the innate immune system, as it principally induces the production of type I interferons. Immune responses and metabolic control are inextricably linked, and chronic low-grade inflammation promotes the development of metabolic diseases. The cGAS-STING pathway activated by double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs), endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress), mitochondrial stress, and energy imbalance in metabolic cells and immune cells triggers proinflammatory responses and metabolic disorders. Abnormal overactivation of the pathway is closely associated with metabolic diseases such as obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The interaction of cGAS-STING with other pathways, such as the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), autophagy, pyroptosis and insulin signalling pathways, is considered an important mechanism by which cGAS-STING regulates inflammation and metabolism. This review focuses on the link between immune responses related to the cGAS-STING pathway and metabolic diseases and cGAS-STING interaction with other pathways for mediating signal input and affecting output. Moreover, potential inhibitors of the cGAS-STING pathway and therapeutic prospects against metabolic diseases are discussed. This review provides a comprehensive perspective on the involvement of STING in immune-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Gong
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xilong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shaoyang Ge
- Hebei Engineering Research Center of Animal Product, Sanhe 065200, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Inner Mongolia Mengniu Dairy (Group) Co., Ltd., Hohhot 011517, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Research Center for Probiotics, China Agricultural University, Sanhe 065200, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China
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Yang L, Gao J, Zhang Y, Perez EA, Wu Y, Guo T, Li C, Wang H, Xu Y. Protective effects of palbociclib on colitis-associated colorectal cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 14:2436-2447. [PMID: 38196536 PMCID: PMC10772689 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-23-860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic or recurrent inflammatory injury to the intestinal mucosa is closely related to inflammation-related colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to examine the protective effects of palbociclib, a stimulator of interferon genes (STING) antagonist, on colitis-related colorectal carcinogenesis. Methods Bioinformatic analyses, including Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and network analysis, were conducted. Male C57BL/6 mice were administered azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), followed by treatment with palbociclib for 6 weeks. The general conditions of mice were observed and recorded. The colon histopathology was assessed based on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining results. Relative messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of interferon b1 (Ifnb1), interleukin 6 (Il6), and interleukin 1b (Il1b) in colon were estimated based on quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. Results The STING signaling pathway was significantly upregulated in stages III and IV of CRC in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-CRC cohort. After treatment with AOM/DSS, the weight of mice decreased significantly, whereas administration of palbociclib partially reversed this trend. The mouse colon treated with AOM/DSS showed significant pathological damages, disorderly epithelial cell structure, atypical hyperplasia, and infiltration of several inflammatory cell types; however, the colon damage was remarkably reduced upon treatment with palbociclib. It was also found that palbociclib almost abolished the increase in the downstream effectors of STING-mediated transcription in the colon tissue treated with AOM/DSS, as evidenced by the transcription levels of Ifnb1, Il6, and Il1b. Conclusions These findings indicate that the STING pathway is closely associated with CRC. Palbociclib significantly alleviates tumor development in AOM/DSS-induced colitis-associated CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiani Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Minhang District, Shanghai, China
| | - Eduardo A. Perez
- Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianan Guo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Endoscopy Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Korneenko TV, Pestov NB, Nevzorov IA, Daks AA, Trachuk KN, Solopova ON, Barlev NA. At the Crossroads of the cGAS-cGAMP-STING Pathway and the DNA Damage Response: Implications for Cancer Progression and Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1675. [PMID: 38139802 PMCID: PMC10747911 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary conserved DNA-sensing cGAS-STING innate immunity pathway represents one of the most important cytosolic DNA-sensing systems that is activated in response to viral invasion and/or damage to the integrity of the nuclear envelope. The key outcome of this pathway is the production of interferon, which subsequently stimulates the transcription of hundreds of genes. In oncology, the situation is complex because this pathway may serve either anti- or pro-oncogenic roles, depending on context. The prevailing understanding is that when the innate immune response is activated by sensing cytosolic DNA, such as DNA released from ruptured micronuclei, it results in the production of interferon, which attracts cytotoxic cells to destroy tumors. However, in tumor cells that have adjusted to significant chromosomal instability, particularly in relapsed, treatment-resistant cancers, the cGAS-STING pathway often supports cancer progression, fostering the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here, we review this intricate pathway in terms of its association with cancer progression, giving special attention to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and gliomas. As the development of new cGAS-STING-modulating small molecules and immunotherapies such as oncolytic viruses involves serious challenges, we highlight several recent fundamental discoveries, such as the proton-channeling function of STING. These discoveries may serve as guiding lights for potential pharmacological advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana V. Korneenko
- Group of Cross-Linking Enzymes, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Nikolay B. Pestov
- Group of Cross-Linking Enzymes, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow 119121, Russia
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Moscow 108819, Russia
| | - Ivan A. Nevzorov
- Institute of Cytology, Tikhoretsky ave 4, St-Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Alexandra A. Daks
- Institute of Cytology, Tikhoretsky ave 4, St-Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Kirill N. Trachuk
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Moscow 108819, Russia
| | - Olga N. Solopova
- Research Institute of Experimental Diagnostics and Tumor Therapy, Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Nickolai A. Barlev
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow 119121, Russia
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Moscow 108819, Russia
- Institute of Cytology, Tikhoretsky ave 4, St-Petersburg 194064, Russia
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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10
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Ghincea A, Woo S, Sheeline Y, Pivarnik T, Fiorini V, Herzog EL, Ryu C. Mitochondrial DNA Sensing Pathogen Recognition Receptors in Systemic Sclerosis Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: A Review. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN RHEUMATOLOGY 2023; 9:204-220. [PMID: 38230363 PMCID: PMC10791121 DOI: 10.1007/s40674-023-00211-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Purpose of the review Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a condition of dermal and visceral scar formation characterized by immune dysregulation and inflammatory fibrosis. Approximately 90% of SSc patients develop interstitial lung disease (ILD), and it is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Further understanding of immune-mediated fibroproliferative mechanisms has the potential to catalyze novel treatment approaches in this difficult to treat disease. Recent findings Recent advances have demonstrated the critical role of aberrant innate immune activation mediated by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) through interactions with toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) and cytosolic cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS). Summary In this review, we will discuss how the nature of the mtDNA, whether oxidized or mutated, and its mechanism of release, either intracellularly or extracellularly, can amplify fibrogenesis by activating TLR9 and cGAS, and the novel insights gained by interrogating these signaling pathways. Because the scope of this review is intended to generate hypotheses for future research, we conclude our discussion with several important unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ghincea
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
| | - Samuel Woo
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
| | - Yu Sheeline
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
| | - Taylor Pivarnik
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
| | - Vitoria Fiorini
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
| | - Erica L. Herzog
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
| | - Changwan Ryu
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
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11
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Chauhan C, Kaundal RK. The role of cGAS-STING signaling in ischemic stroke: From immune response to therapeutic targeting. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103792. [PMID: 37783431 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Stroke, a debilitating condition with limited treatment options, presents a significant therapeutic challenge. A comprehensive grasp of stroke pathophysiology is imperative for designing newer and more effective therapeutic approaches. Notably, the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway has emerged as a central orchestrator of the poststroke immune response. It regulates pivotal processes, including immune cell activation, cytokine production, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and tissue regeneration. Modulating this pathway shows immense potential in improving stroke outcomes, necessitating the development of selective inhibitors and activators. This review provides an overview of the cGAS-STING pathway's role in ischemic stroke and explores emerging therapies, including cGAS and STING inhibitors and STING agonist preconditioning. It also addresses challenges like specificity, timing, and off-target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Chauhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, UP 226002, India
| | - Ravinder Kumar Kaundal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, UP 226002, India.
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12
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Du H, Kou M, Deng W, Zhou X, Zhang X, Huang Z, Ren B, Cai X, Xu S, Chen Y, Chen L, Chen C, Bao H, Chen Q, Li D. DWL-4-140: A allene small molecule targeting STING that alleviates lupus-like phenotype in Trex1 -/- mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115188. [PMID: 37480829 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system plays a critical role in the host response against pathogenic microbial infection. However, aberrant activation of the innate immune pathways is a characteristic feature of various diseases. Thus, targeted drugs must be developed based on the understanding of the innate immune signaling pathways. This study demonstrated that an allene small molecule (DWL-4-140) can efficiently and selectively exert regulatory effects on the stimulator of interferon genes (STING), resulting in the downregulation of DNA-induced interferon responses. Mechanistically, DWL-4-140 targeted the cyclized nucleotide-binding domain (CBD) of STING, inhibiting the assembly of the STING multimeric complex and the recruitment of downstream signaling mediators. In addition to downregulating the 10-carboxymethyl-9-acridanone-induced production of inflammatory factors, DWL-4-140 alleviated the pathological features of Trex1 deletion-induced lupus in mice. Thus, this study demonstrated that DWL-4-140 pharmacologically inhibits STING with potential therapeutic applications in auto-inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hekang Du
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, PR China
| | - Meng Kou
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, PR China; Cord Blood Bank Centre, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Weili Deng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Xueyuan Zhou
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, PR China
| | - Zhengrong Huang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, PR China
| | - Bowen Ren
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, PR China
| | - Xingting Cai
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, PR China
| | - Shan Xu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, PR China
| | - Yu Chen
- Cancer Bio-immunotherapy Center, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University & Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Lizhu Chen
- Cancer Bio-immunotherapy Center, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University & Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Chuanben Chen
- Cancer Bio-immunotherapy Center, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University & Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, PR China.
| | - Hongli Bao
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.
| | - Qi Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, PR China.
| | - Daliang Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, PR China.
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Staniszewska M, Kiełbowski K, Rusińska K, Bakinowska E, Gromowska E, Pawlik A. Targeting cyclin-dependent kinases in rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis - a review of current evidence. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:1097-1113. [PMID: 37982244 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2285784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with synovial proliferation and bone erosion, which leads to the structural and functional impairment of the joints. Immune cells, together with synoviocytes, induce a pro-inflammatory environment and novel treatment agents target inflammatory cytokines. Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated skin disease, and several cytokines are considered as typical mediators in the progression of the disease, including IL-23, IL-22, and IL-17, among others. AREA COVERED In this review, we try to evaluate whether cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK), enzymes that regulate cell cycle and transcription of various genes, could become novel therapeutic targets in RA and psoriasis. We present the main results of in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as scarce clinical reports. EXPERT OPINION CDK inhibitors seem promising for treating RA and psoriasis because of their multidirectional effects. CDK inhibitors may affect not only the process of osteoclastogenesis, thereby reducing joint destruction in RA, but also the process of apoptosis of neutrophils and macrophages responsible for the development of inflammation in both RA and psoriasis. However, assessing the efficacy of these drugs in clinical practice requires multi-center, long-term clinical trials evaluating the effectiveness and safety of CDK-blocking therapy in RA and psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kajetan Kiełbowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Klaudia Rusińska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Estera Bakinowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Gromowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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14
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Chauhan C, Kaundal RK. Understanding the role of cGAS-STING signaling in ischemic stroke: a new avenue for drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2023; 18:1133-1149. [PMID: 37537969 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2244409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ischemic stroke is a significant global health challenge with limited treatment options. Neuroinflammation, driven by microglial activation, plays a critical role in stroke pathophysiology. The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway has emerged as a key player in microglial activation, sterile neuroinflammation, and cell death following stroke. Understanding the interplay between this pathway and stroke pathophysiology is crucial for exploring newer therapeutics for stroke patients. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the pivotal role of the cGAS-STING pathway in ischemic stroke. It explores the interplay between cGAS-STING activation, neuroinflammation, microglia activation, M2 polarization, neutrophil infiltration, and cytokine release. Additionally, the authors examine its contributions to various cell death programs (pyroptosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, lysosomal cell death, autophagy, and ferroptosis). The review summarizes recent studies on targeting cGAS-STING signaling in stroke, highlighting the therapeutic potential of small molecule inhibitors and RNA-based approaches in mitigating neuroinflammation, preventing cell death, and improving patient outcomes. EXPERT OPINION Understanding cGAS-STING signaling in ischemic stroke offers an exciting avenue for drug discovery. Targeting this pathway holds promise for developing novel therapeutics that effectively mitigate neuroinflammation, prevent cell death, and enhance patient outcomes. Further research and development of therapeutic strategies are warranted to fully exploit the potential of this pathway as a therapeutic target for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Chauhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Lucknow, India
| | - Ravinder Kumar Kaundal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Lucknow, India
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15
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Seok JK, Kim M, Kang HC, Cho YY, Lee HS, Lee JY. Beyond DNA sensing: expanding the role of cGAS/STING in immunity and diseases. Arch Pharm Res 2023:10.1007/s12272-023-01452-3. [PMID: 37354378 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01452-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) is a DNA sensor that elicits a robust type I interferon response by recognizing ubiquitous danger-associated molecules. The cGAS/stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS/STING) is activated by endogenous DNA, including DNA released from mitochondria and extranuclear chromatin, as well as exogenous DNA derived from pathogenic microorganisms. cGAS/STING is positioned as a key axis of autoimmunity, the inflammatory response, and cancer progression, suggesting that the cGAS/STING signaling pathway represents an efficient therapeutic target. Based on the accumulated evidence, we present insights into the prevention and treatment of cGAS/STING-related chronic immune and inflammatory diseases. This review presents the current state of clinical and nonclinical development of modulators targeting cGAS/STING, providing useful information on the design of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kyung Seok
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhyuk Kim
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Chang Kang
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Yeon Cho
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Suk Lee
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Coderch C, Arranz-Herrero J, Nistal-Villan E, de Pascual-Teresa B, Rius-Rocabert S. The Many Ways to Deal with STING. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109032. [PMID: 37240378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an adaptor protein involved in the activation of IFN-β and many other genes associated with the immune response activation in vertebrates. STING induction has gained attention from different angles such as the potential to trigger an early immune response against different signs of infection and cell damage, or to be used as an adjuvant in cancer immune treatments. Pharmacological control of aberrant STING activation can be used to mitigate the pathology of some autoimmune diseases. The STING structure has a well-defined ligand binding site that can harbor natural ligands such as specific purine cyclic di-nucleotides (CDN). In addition to a canonical stimulation by CDNs, other non-canonical stimuli have also been described, whose exact mechanism has not been well defined. Understanding the molecular insights underlying the activation of STING is important to realize the different angles that need to be considered when designing new STING-binding molecules as therapeutic drugs since STING acts as a versatile platform for immune modulators. This review analyzes the different determinants of STING regulation from the structural, molecular, and cell biology points of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Coderch
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Javier Arranz-Herrero
- Transplant Immunology Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Spain
- Departamento CC, Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine (IMMA), Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Estanislao Nistal-Villan
- Departamento CC, Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine (IMMA), Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Beatriz de Pascual-Teresa
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Sergio Rius-Rocabert
- Departamento CC, Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine (IMMA), Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
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17
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Zhang H, Xu M, Li H, Mai X, Sun J, Mi L, Ma J, Zhu X, Fei Y. Detection speed optimization of the OI-RD microscope for ultra-high throughput screening. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:2386-2399. [PMID: 37206144 PMCID: PMC10191655 DOI: 10.1364/boe.487563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The oblique-incidence reflectivity difference (OI-RD) microscope is a label-free detection system for microarrays that has many successful applications in high throughput drug screening. The increase and optimization of the detection speed of the OI-RD microscope will enable it to be a potential ultra-high throughput screening tool. This work presents a series of optimization methods that can significantly reduce the time to scan an OI-RD image. The wait time for the lock-in amplifier was decreased by the proper selection of the time constant and development of a new electronic amplifier. In addition, the time for the software to acquire data and for translation stage movement was also minimized. As a result, the detection speed of the OI-RD microscope is 10 times faster than before, making the OI-RD microscope suitable for ultra-high throughput screening applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhang
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), School of Information Science and Technology,
Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Mengjing Xu
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), School of Information Science and Technology,
Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Haofeng Li
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), School of Information Science and Technology,
Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaohan Mai
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), School of Information Science and Technology,
Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jiawei Sun
- Department of Science and Technology, Shanghai Deyu Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201413, China
| | - Lan Mi
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), School of Information Science and Technology,
Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jiong Ma
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), School of Information Science and Technology,
Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- Department of Physics, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Yiyan Fei
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), School of Information Science and Technology,
Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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18
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Zhang S, Zheng R, Pan Y, Sun H. Potential Therapeutic Value of the STING Inhibitors. Molecules 2023; 28:3127. [PMID: 37049889 PMCID: PMC10096477 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a critical protein in the activation of the immune system in response to DNA. It can participate the inflammatory response process by modulating the inflammation-preferred translation program through the STING-PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)-eIF2α pathway or by inducing the secretion of type I interferons (IFNs) and a variety of proinflammatory factors through the recruitment of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) or the regulation of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway. Based on the structure, location, function, genotype, and regulatory mechanism of STING, this review summarizes the potential value of STING inhibitors in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and other inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangran Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Runan Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yanhong Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hongbin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Chongqing Innovation Institute of China Pharmaceutical University, Chongqing 401135, China
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19
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Fang L, Ying S, Xu X, Wu D. TREX1 cytosolic DNA degradation correlates with autoimmune disease and cancer immunity. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 211:193-207. [PMID: 36745566 PMCID: PMC10038326 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The N-terminal domain of Three Prime Repair Exonuclease 1 (TREX1) is catalytically active and can degrade dsDNA or ssDNA in the cytosol, whereas the C-terminal domain is primarily involved in protein localization. TREX1 deficiency induces cytosolic DNA accumulation as well as activation of the cGAS-STING-IFN signaling pathway, which results in tissue inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, TREX1 expression in cancer immunity can be adaptively regulated to promote tumor proliferation, making it a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Fang
- Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Center, Pediatric Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Songcheng Ying
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - De Wu
- Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Center, Pediatric Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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20
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Liu H, Su H, Wang F, Dang Y, Ren Y, Yin S, Lu H, Zhang H, Wu J, Xu Z, Zheng M, Gao J, Cao Y, Xu J, Chen L, Wu X, Ma M, Xu L, Wang F, Chen J, Su C, Wu C, Xie H, Gu J, Xi JJ, Ge B, Fei Y, Chen C. Pharmacological boosting of cGAS activation sensitizes chemotherapy by enhancing antitumor immunity. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112275. [PMID: 36943864 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancing chemosensitivity is one of the largest unmet medical needs in cancer therapy. Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) connects genome instability caused by platinum-based chemotherapeutics to type I interferon (IFN) response. Here, by using a high-throughput small-molecule microarray-based screening of cGAS interacting compounds, we identify brivanib, known as a dual inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and fibroblast growth factor receptor, as a cGAS modulator. Brivanib markedly enhances cGAS-mediated type I IFN response in tumor cells treated with platinum. Mechanistically, brivanib directly targets cGAS and enhances its DNA binding affinity. Importantly, brivanib synergizes with cisplatin in tumor control by boosting CD8+ T cell response in a tumor-intrinsic cGAS-dependent manner, which is further validated by a patient-derived tumor-like cell clusters model. Taken together, our findings identify cGAS as an unprecedented target of brivanib and provide a rationale for the combination of brivanib with platinum-based chemotherapeutics in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Liu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China; Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai HUASHEN Institute of Microbes and Infections, Shanghai 200052, China.
| | - Hang Su
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yifang Dang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China; Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai HUASHEN Institute of Microbes and Infections, Shanghai 200052, China
| | - Yijiu Ren
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shenyi Yin
- College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huinan Lu
- GeneX Health Co. Ltd., Beijing 100195, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, and the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhu Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Mengge Zheng
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China; Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiani Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yajuan Cao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China; Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Junfang Xu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China; Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Li Chen
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China; Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mingtong Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Long Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jianxia Chen
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chunxia Su
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Huikang Xie
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jijie Gu
- WuXi Biologics (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai City 201401, China
| | - Jianzhong Jeff Xi
- College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Baoxue Ge
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yiyan Fei
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China.
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21
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Pan J, Fei CJ, Hu Y, Wu XY, Nie L, Chen J. Current understanding of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway: Structure, regulatory mechanisms, and related diseases. Zool Res 2023; 44:183-218. [PMID: 36579404 PMCID: PMC9841179 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system protects the host from external pathogens and internal damage in various ways. The cGAS-STING signaling pathway, comprised of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), stimulator of interferon genes (STING), and downstream signaling adaptors, plays an essential role in protective immune defense against microbial DNA and internal damaged-associated DNA and is responsible for various immune-related diseases. After binding with DNA, cytosolic cGAS undergoes conformational change and DNA-linked liquid-liquid phase separation to produce 2'3'-cGAMP for the activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized STING. However, further studies revealed that cGAS is predominantly expressed in the nucleus and strictly tethered to chromatin to prevent binding with nuclear DNA, and functions differently from cytosolic-localized cGAS. Detailed delineation of this pathway, including its structure, signaling, and regulatory mechanisms, is of great significance to fully understand the diversity of cGAS-STING activation and signaling and will be of benefit for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancer. Here, we review recent progress on the above-mentioned perspectives of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway and discuss new avenues for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Bioengineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China
| | - Chen-Jie Fei
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Bioengineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China
| | - Yang Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Bioengineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Bioengineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China
| | - Li Nie
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Bioengineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China. E-mail:
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Bioengineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China. E-mail:
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22
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Lv J, Xing C, Chen Y, Bian H, Lv N, Wang Z, Liu M, Su L. The STING in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases: Potential Therapeutic Targets in Inflammation-Carcinogenesis Pathway. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1241. [PMID: 36297353 PMCID: PMC9611148 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), an important chronic disease, is one of the major causes of high mortality and creates a substantial financial burden worldwide. The various immune cells in the liver, including macrophages, NK cells, dendritic cells, and the neutrophils involved in the innate immune response, trigger inflammation after recognizing the damage signaled from infection or injured cells and tissues. The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a critical molecule that binds to the cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) generated by the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) to initiate the innate immune response against infection. Previous studies have demonstrated that the cGAS-STING pathway plays a critical role in inflammatory, auto-immune, and anti-viral immune responses. Recently, studies have focused on the role of STING in liver diseases, the results implying that alterations in its activity may be involved in the pathogenesis of liver disorders. Here, we summarize the function of STING in the development of NAFLD and present the current inhibitors and agonists targeting STING.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lv
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Chunlei Xing
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Huihui Bian
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Nanning Lv
- Lianyungang Second People’s Hospital, Lianyungang 222002, China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200020, China
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mingming Liu
- Lianyungang Second People’s Hospital, Lianyungang 222002, China
| | - Li Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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23
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Zhong B, Shu HB. MITA/STING-mediated antiviral immunity and autoimmunity: the evolution, mechanism, and intervention. Curr Opin Immunol 2022; 78:102248. [PMID: 36193584 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2022.102248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Mediator of IRF3 activation (MITA, also known as stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and endoplasmic reticulum interferon stimulator (ERIS)) is an ER-associated protein that senses cellular and bacterium-derived cyclic dinucleotide (CDN), leading to induction of type-I interferons (IFNs) and innate immune responses against viruses and bacteria. Recently, it has become clear that sensing of CDN and induction of autophagy are two evolutionarily conserved functions of MITA, predating its role in mediating type-I IFN induction. Studies have shown that MITA-mediated signaling promotes a number of autoimmune disorders caused by gene mutations in human. Here, we summarize the most recent progress on MITA-mediated signaling in a view of evolution and highlight the roles of MITA in human inflammatory disorders caused by gene mutations and in genetically modified mouse models. We also briefly introduce the chemicals targeting MITA and discuss their potential in treatment of MITA-mediated inflammatory diseases. Finally, we propose several key questions that should be addressed for targeting MITA for treatment of related autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Research Unit of Innate Immune and Inflammatory Diseases, Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Hong-Bing Shu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Research Unit of Innate Immune and Inflammatory Diseases, Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
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24
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Zhao J, Xiao R, Zeng R, He E, Zhang A. Small molecules targeting cGAS-STING pathway for autoimmune disease. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 238:114480. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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