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Xu J, Wiley HS, Sauro HM. Generating synthetic signaling networks for in silico modeling studies. J Theor Biol 2024; 593:111901. [PMID: 39004118 PMCID: PMC11309880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2024.111901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Predictive models of signaling pathways have proven to be difficult to develop. Traditional approaches to developing mechanistic models rely on collecting experimental data and fitting a single model to that data. This approach works for simple systems but has proven unreliable for complex systems such as biological signaling networks. Thus, there is a need to develop new approaches to create predictive mechanistic models of complex systems. To meet this need, we developed a method for generating artificial signaling networks that were reasonably realistic and thus could be treated as ground truth models. These synthetic models could then be used to generate synthetic data for developing and testing algorithms designed to recover the underlying network topology and associated parameters. We defined the reaction degree and reaction distance to measure the topology of reaction networks, especially to consider enzymes. To determine whether our generated signaling networks displayed meaningful behavior, we compared them with signaling networks from the BioModels Database. This comparison indicated that our generated signaling networks had high topological similarities with BioModels signaling networks with respect to the reaction degree and distance distributions. In addition, our synthetic signaling networks had similar behavioral dynamics with respect to both steady states and oscillations, suggesting that our method generated synthetic signaling networks comparable with BioModels and thus could be useful for building network evaluation tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, WA, USA.
| | - H Steven Wiley
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland 99352, WA, USA
| | - Herbert M Sauro
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, WA, USA
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2
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Bai L, Wang Y. Mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes alleviate senescence of retinal pigment epithelial cells by activating PI3K/AKT-Nrf2 signaling pathway in early diabetic retinopathy. Exp Cell Res 2024; 441:114170. [PMID: 39019426 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of vision loss and blindness in adults. Cellular senescence was involved in the pathogenesis of early-stage DR and is positively correlated with progression. Thus, our study aimed at exploring the effect and potential mechanism of Mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes (MSCs-EXOs) on Retinal Pigment Epithelial (RPE) cells senescence at an early stage of DR in vivo and in vitro. ARPE-19 cells were incubated in high glucose (HG) medium mixed with MSCs-EXOs to observe the changes in cell viability. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining, Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to assess the expression of senescence-related genes and antioxidant mediators. Quantitative Real-Time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Optical coherence tomography (OCT) Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and Electroretinogram (ERG) were respectively used to verify cellular senescence, the structure and function of the retina. Our findings demonstrated that MSCs-EXOs inhibited HG-induced senescence in ARPE-19 cells. Furthermore, MSCs-EXOs reduced HG-induced cell apoptosis and oxidative stress levels while promoting cell proliferation. Mechanistically, HG suppressed PI3K/AKT phosphorylation as well as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression along with its downstream target gene expression in ARPE-19 cells. However, MSCs-EXOs reversed these changes by alleviating cellular senescence while enhancing antioxidant activity. In line with our results in vitro, MSCs-EXOs significantly ameliorated hyperglycemia-induced senescence in DR mice by downregulating mRNA expression of P53, P21, P16, and SASP. Additionally, MSCs-EXOs improved the functional and structural integrity of the retina in DR mice. Our study revealed the protective effect of MSCs-EXOs on cellular senescence, offering new insights for the treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Bai
- Aier Academy of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- Aier Academy of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Liaoning Aier Eye Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
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3
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Lee SY, Eun HJ, Lee KY. Effector Binding Sequentially Alters KRAS Dimerization on the Membrane: New Insights Into RAS-Mediated RAF Activation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2401530. [PMID: 39138901 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
RAS proteins are peripheral membrane GTPases that activate multiple downstream effectors for cell proliferation and differentiation. The formation of a signaling RAS-RAF complex at the plasma membrane is implicated in a quarter of all human cancers; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this work, nanodisc platforms and paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) analyses to determine the structure of a hetero-tetrameric complex comprising KRAS and the RAS-binding domain (RBD) and cysteine-rich domain (CRD) of activated RAF1 are employed. The binding of the RBD or RBD-CRD differentially alters the dimerization modes of KRAS on both anionic and neutral membranes, validated by interface-specific mutagenesis. Notably, the RBD binding allosterically generated two distinct KRAS dimer interfaces in equilibrium, favored by KRAS free and in complex with the RBD-CRD, respectively. Additional interactions of the CRD with both KRAS protomers are mutually cooperative to stabilize a new dimer configuration of KRAS bound to the RBD-CRD. The RAF binding sequentially alters KRAS dimerization, providing new insights into RAF activation, including a configurational transition of the KRAS dimer to provide an interaction site for the CRD and release the autoinhibited RAF complex. These methods are applicable to many other signaling protein complexes on the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Yeon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-Do, 11160, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jong Eun
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Young Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-Do, 11160, Republic of Korea
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Burbano de Lara S, Kemmer S, Biermayer I, Feiler S, Vlasov A, D'Alessandro LA, Helm B, Mölders C, Dieter Y, Ghallab A, Hengstler JG, Körner C, Matz-Soja M, Götz C, Damm G, Hoffmann K, Seehofer D, Berg T, Schilling M, Timmer J, Klingmüller U. Basal MET phosphorylation is an indicator of hepatocyte dysregulation in liver disease. Mol Syst Biol 2024; 20:187-216. [PMID: 38216754 PMCID: PMC10912216 DOI: 10.1038/s44320-023-00007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases are worldwide on the rise. Due to the rapidly increasing incidence, in particular in Western countries, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is gaining importance as the disease can develop into hepatocellular carcinoma. Lipid accumulation in hepatocytes has been identified as the characteristic structural change in MASLD development, but molecular mechanisms responsible for disease progression remained unresolved. Here, we uncover in primary hepatocytes from a preclinical model fed with a Western diet (WD) an increased basal MET phosphorylation and a strong downregulation of the PI3K-AKT pathway. Dynamic pathway modeling of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signal transduction combined with global proteomics identifies that an elevated basal MET phosphorylation rate is the main driver of altered signaling leading to increased proliferation of WD-hepatocytes. Model-adaptation to patient-derived hepatocytes reveal patient-specific variability in basal MET phosphorylation, which correlates with patient outcome after liver surgery. Thus, dysregulated basal MET phosphorylation could be an indicator for the health status of the liver and thereby inform on the risk of a patient to suffer from liver failure after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Burbano de Lara
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Liver Systems Medicine against Cancer (LiSyM-Krebs), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Svenja Kemmer
- Liver Systems Medicine against Cancer (LiSyM-Krebs), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- FDM - Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modeling, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ina Biermayer
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Liver Systems Medicine against Cancer (LiSyM-Krebs), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Svenja Feiler
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Artyom Vlasov
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lorenza A D'Alessandro
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Helm
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christina Mölders
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Liver Systems Medicine against Cancer (LiSyM-Krebs), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yannik Dieter
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ahmed Ghallab
- Systems Toxicology, Leibniz Research Center for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Liver Systems Medicine against Cancer (LiSyM-Krebs), Heidelberg, Germany
- Systems Toxicology, Leibniz Research Center for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christiane Körner
- Liver Systems Medicine against Cancer (LiSyM-Krebs), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Hepatology, Clinic of Oncology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Madlen Matz-Soja
- Liver Systems Medicine against Cancer (LiSyM-Krebs), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Hepatology, Clinic of Oncology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christina Götz
- Liver Systems Medicine against Cancer (LiSyM-Krebs), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg Damm
- Liver Systems Medicine against Cancer (LiSyM-Krebs), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katrin Hoffmann
- Liver Systems Medicine against Cancer (LiSyM-Krebs), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Seehofer
- Liver Systems Medicine against Cancer (LiSyM-Krebs), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Berg
- Liver Systems Medicine against Cancer (LiSyM-Krebs), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Hepatology, Clinic of Oncology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marcel Schilling
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jens Timmer
- Liver Systems Medicine against Cancer (LiSyM-Krebs), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- FDM - Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modeling, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Ursula Klingmüller
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Liver Systems Medicine against Cancer (LiSyM-Krebs), Heidelberg, Germany.
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Fröhlich F. Linking patient-specific basal MET phosphorylation levels to liver health. Mol Syst Biol 2024; 20:141-143. [PMID: 38365957 PMCID: PMC10912760 DOI: 10.1038/s44320-024-00023-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Integrative systems medicine approaches can help predicting clinical outcomes. In their recent study, Klingmüller and colleagues (Burbano de Lara et al, 2024 ) integrate proteomic data with dynamic pathway modelling to infer patient-specific parameters that predict patient outcomes after liver surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Fröhlich
- Dynamics of Living Systems Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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Lee KY. Membrane-Driven Dimerization of the Peripheral Membrane Protein KRAS: Implications for Downstream Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2530. [PMID: 38473778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Transient homo-dimerization of the RAS GTPase at the plasma membrane has been shown to promote the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway essential for cell proliferation and oncogenesis. To date, numerous crystallographic studies have focused on the well-defined GTPase domains of RAS isoforms, which lack the disordered C-terminal membrane anchor, thus providing limited structural insight into membrane-bound RAS molecules. Recently, lipid-bilayer nanodisc platforms and paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) analyses have revealed several distinct structures of the membrane-anchored homodimers of KRAS, an isoform that is most frequently mutated in human cancers. The KRAS dimerization interface is highly plastic and altered by biologically relevant conditions, including oncogenic mutations, the nucleotide states of the protein, and the lipid composition. Notably, PRE-derived structures of KRAS homodimers on the membrane substantially differ in terms of the relative orientation of the protomers at an "α-α" dimer interface comprising two α4-α5 regions. This interface plasticity along with the altered orientations of KRAS on the membrane impact the accessibility of KRAS to downstream effectors and regulatory proteins. Further, nanodisc platforms used to drive KRAS dimerization can be used to screen potential anticancer drugs that target membrane-bound RAS dimers and probe their structural mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Young Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Pocheon-si 11160, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
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Kurup S, Tan C, Kume T. Cardiac and intestinal tissue conduct developmental and reparative processes in response to lymphangiocrine signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1329770. [PMID: 38178871 PMCID: PMC10764504 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1329770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels conduct a diverse range of activities to sustain the integrity of surrounding tissue. Besides facilitating the movement of lymph and its associated factors, lymphatic vessels are capable of producing tissue-specific responses to changes within their microenvironment. Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) secrete paracrine signals that bind to neighboring cell-receptors, commencing an intracellular signaling cascade that preludes modifications to the organ tissue's structure and function. While the lymphangiocrine factors and the molecular and cellular mechanisms themselves are specific to the organ tissue, the crosstalk action between LECs and adjacent cells has been highlighted as a commonality in augmenting tissue regeneration within animal models of cardiac and intestinal disease. Lymphangiocrine secretions have been owed for subsequent improvements in organ function by optimizing the clearance of excess tissue fluid and immune cells and stimulating favorable tissue growth, whereas perturbations in lymphatic performance bring about the opposite. Newly published landmark studies have filled gaps in our understanding of cardiac and intestinal maintenance by revealing key players for lymphangiocrine processes. Here, we will expand upon those findings and review the nature of lymphangiocrine factors in the heart and intestine, emphasizing its involvement within an interconnected network that supports daily homeostasis and self-renewal following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Kurup
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Honors College, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Can Tan
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Tsutomu Kume
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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Asparuhova MB, Song X, Riedwyl D, van Geest G, Bosshardt DD, Sculean A. Differential molecular profiles and associated functionalities characterize connective tissue grafts obtained at different locations and depths in the human palate. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:57. [PMID: 38072943 PMCID: PMC10711016 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-023-00260-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the molecular profiles of subepithelial connective tissue grafts (CTGs) obtained at different locations and depths in the human palate. Sixty-four CTGs belonging to anterior deep (AD), anterior superficial (AS), posterior deep (PD), and posterior superficial (PS) groups were subjected to RNA-Sequencing and their transcriptomes were analyzed computationally. Functional correlations characterizing the CTG groups were validated by cell biological experiments using primary human palatal fibroblasts (HPFs) extracted from the CTGs. A clearly more pronounced location-dependent than depth-dependent difference between the grafts, with a minimal number of genes (4) showing no dependence on the location, was revealed. Epithelial, endothelial, and monocytic cell migration was strongly (P < 0.001) potentiated by AD- and PS-HPFs. Moreover, significantly increased expression of genes encoding C-C and C-X-C motif chemokine ligands as well as significantly (P < 0.01) activated p38 signaling suggested immunomodulatory phenotype for AD- and PS-HPFs. Increased growth factor gene expression and significantly activated (P < 0.001) Erk and Akt signaling in HPFs originating from A-CTGs implied their involvement in cell survival, proliferation, and motility. Prominent collagen-rich expression profile contributing to high mechanical stability, increased osteogenesis-related gene expression, and strongly activated (P < 0.001) Smad1/5/8 signaling characterized HPFs originating from P-CTGs. The present data indicate that in humans, differences between palatal CTGs harvested from different locations and depths appear to be location- rather than depth-dependent. Our findings provide the basis for future personalization of the therapeutic strategy by selecting an optimal graft type depending on the clinical indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria B Asparuhova
- Laboratory of Oral Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Xiaoqing Song
- Laboratory of Oral Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dominic Riedwyl
- Laboratory of Oral Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Geert van Geest
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dieter D Bosshardt
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Robert K. Schenk Laboratory of Oral Histology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Cui Y, Hu J, Li Y, Au R, Fang Y, Cheng C, Xu F, Li W, Wu Y, Zhu L, Shen H. Integrated Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking and Animal Experiment to Explore the Efficacy and Potential Mechanism of Baiyu Decoction Against Ulcerative Colitis by Enema. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:3453-3472. [PMID: 38024534 PMCID: PMC10680469 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s432268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Baiyu Decoction (BYD), a clinical prescription of traditional Chinese medicine, has been proven to be valuable for treating ulcerative colitis (UC) by enema. However, the mechanism of BYD against UC remains unclear. Purpose A combination of bioinformatics methods including network pharmacology and molecular docking and animal experiments were utilized to investigate the potential mechanism of BYD in the treatment of UC. Materials and Methods Firstly, the representative compounds of each herb in BYD were detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Subsequently, we predicted the core targets and potential pathways of BYD for treating UC through network pharmacology. And rat colitis model was established with dextran sodium sulfate. UC rats were subjected to BYD enema administration, during which we recorded body weight changes, disease activity index, and colon length to assess the effectiveness of BYD. Besides, quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting, ELISA and immunofluorescence were used to detect intestinal inflammatory factors, intestinal barrier biomarkers and TOLL-like receptor pathway in rats. Finally, the core components and targets of BYD were subjected to molecular docking so as to further validate the results of network pharmacology. Results A total of 41 active compositions and 203 targets related to BYD-UC were subjected to screening. The results of bioinformatics analysis showed that quercetin and kaempferol may be the main compounds. Additionally, AKT1, IL-6, TP53, TNF and IL-1β were regarded as potential therapeutic targets. KEGG results explained that TOLL-like receptor pathway might play a pivotal role in BYD protecting against UC. In addition, animal experiments and molecular docking validated the network pharmacology results. BYD enema treatment can reduce body weight loss, lower disease activity index score, reverse colon shortening, relieve intestinal inflammation, protect intestinal barrier, and inhibit TOLL-like receptor pathway in UC rats. Besides, molecular docking suggested that quercetin and kaempferol docked well with TLR4, AKT1, IL-6, TP53. Conclusion Utilizing network pharmacology, animal studies, and molecular docking, enema therapy with BYD was confirmed to have anti-UC efficacy by alleviating intestinal inflammation, protecting the intestinal barrier, and inhibiting the TOLL-like receptor pathway. Researchers should focus not only on oral medications but also on the rectal administration of medications in furtherance of the cure of ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cui
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Hu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Li
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ryan Au
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yulai Fang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Xu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiyang Li
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuguang Wu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Shen
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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Lee J, Dey S, Rajvanshi PK, Merling RK, Teng R, Rogers HM, Noguchi CT. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase is required for erythropoietin stimulated erythropoiesis in mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1144110. [PMID: 36895793 PMCID: PMC9988911 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1144110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Erythropoietin (EPO), produced in the kidney in a hypoxia responsive manner, is required for red blood cell production. In non-erythroid tissue, EPO increases endothelial cell production of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) that regulates vascular tone to improve oxygen delivery. This contributes to EPO cardioprotective activity in mouse models. Nitric oxide treatment in mice shifts hematopoiesis toward the erythroid lineage, increases red blood cell production and total hemoglobin. In erythroid cells, nitric oxide can also be generated by hydroxyurea metabolism that may contribute to hydroxyurea induction of fetal hemoglobin. We find that during erythroid differentiation, EPO induces neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and that neuronal nitric oxide synthase is required for normal erythropoietic response. Methods: Wild type (WT) mice and mice with targeted deletion of nNOS (nNOS-/-) and eNOS (eNOS-/-) were assessed for EPO stimulated erythropoietic response. Bone marrow erythropoietic activity was assessed in culture by EPO dependent erythroid colony assay and in vivo by bone marrow transplantation into recipient WT mice. Contribution of nNOS to EPO stimulated cell proliferation was assessed in EPO dependent erythroid cells and in primary human erythroid progenitor cell cultures. Results: EPO treatment increased hematocrit similarly in WT and eNOS-/- mice and showed a lower increase in hematocrit nNOS-/- mice. Erythroid colony assays from bone marrow cells were comparable in number from wild type, eNOS-/- and nNOS-/- mice at low EPO concentration. Colony number increased at high EPO concentration is seen only in cultures from bone marrow cells of wild type and eNOS-/- mice but not from nNOS-/- mice. Colony size with high EPO treatment also exhibited a marked increase in erythroid cultures from wild type and eNOS-/- mice but not from nNOS-/- mice. Bone marrow transplant from nNOS-/- mice into immunodeficient mice showed engraftment at comparable levels to WT bone marrow transplant. With EPO treatment, the increase in hematocrit was blunted in recipient mice that received with nNOS-/- donor marrow compared with recipient mice that received WT donor marrow. In erythroid cell cultures, addition of nNOS inhibitor resulted in decreased EPO dependent proliferation mediated in part by decreased EPO receptor expression, and decreased proliferation of hemin induced differentiating erythroid cells. Discussion: EPO treatment in mice and in corresponding cultures of bone marrow erythropoiesis suggest an intrinsic defect in erythropoietic response of nNOS-/- mice to high EPO stimulation. Transplantation of bone marrow from donor WT or nNOS-/- mice into recipient WT mice showed that EPO treatment post-transplant recapitulated the response of donor mice. Culture studies suggest nNOS regulation of EPO dependent erythroid cell proliferation, expression of EPO receptor and cell cycle associated genes, and AKT activation. These data provide evidence that nitric oxide modulates EPO dose dependent erythropoietic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeyoung Lee
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Soumyadeep Dey
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Praveen K Rajvanshi
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Randall K Merling
- Skeletal Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ruifeng Teng
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Heather M Rogers
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Constance T Noguchi
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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11
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Kone AS, Ait Ssi S, Sahraoui S, Badou A. BTN3A: A Promising Immune Checkpoint for Cancer Prognosis and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13424. [PMID: 36362212 PMCID: PMC9653866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Butyrophilin-3A (BTN3A) subfamily members are a group of immunoglobulins present on the surface of different cell types, including innate and cancer cells. Due to their high similarity with the B7 family members, different studies have been conducted and revealed the involvement of BTN3A molecules in modulating T cell activity within the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, a great part of this research focused on γδ T cells and how BTN3A contributes to their functions. In this review, we will depict the roles and various aspects of BTN3A molecules in distinct tumor microenvironments and review how BTN3A receptors modulate diverse immune effector functions including those of CD4+ (Th1), cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, and NK cells. We will also highlight the potential of BTN3A molecules as therapeutic targets for effective immunotherapy and successful cancer control, which could represent a bright future for patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdou-samad Kone
- Laboratory of Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20000, Morocco
| | - Saadia Ait Ssi
- Laboratory of Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20000, Morocco
| | - Souha Sahraoui
- Mohammed VI Center of Oncology, CHU Ibn Rochd, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20000, Morocco
| | - Abdallah Badou
- Laboratory of Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20000, Morocco
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12
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Stern AD, Smith GR, Santos LC, Sarmah D, Zhang X, Lu X, Iuricich F, Pandey G, Iyengar R, Birtwistle MR. Relating individual cell division events to single-cell ERK and Akt activity time courses. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18077. [PMID: 36302844 PMCID: PMC9613772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23071-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biochemical correlates of stochastic single-cell fates have been elusive, even for the well-studied mammalian cell cycle. We monitored single-cell dynamics of the ERK and Akt pathways, critical cell cycle progression hubs and anti-cancer drug targets, and paired them to division events in the same single cells using the non-transformed MCF10A epithelial line. Following growth factor treatment, in cells that divide both ERK and Akt activities are significantly higher within the S-G2 time window (~ 8.5-40 h). Such differences were much smaller in the pre-S-phase, restriction point window which is traditionally associated with ERK and Akt activity dependence, suggesting unappreciated roles for ERK and Akt in S through G2. Simple metrics of central tendency in this time window are associated with subsequent cell division fates. ERK activity was more strongly associated with division fates than Akt activity, suggesting Akt activity dynamics may contribute less to the decision driving cell division in this context. We also find that ERK and Akt activities are less correlated with each other in cells that divide. Network reconstruction experiments demonstrated that this correlation behavior was likely not due to crosstalk, as ERK and Akt do not interact in this context, in contrast to other transformed cell types. Overall, our findings support roles for ERK and Akt activity throughout the cell cycle as opposed to just before the restriction point, and suggest ERK activity dynamics may be more important than Akt activity dynamics for driving cell division in this non-transformed context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan D Stern
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gregory R Smith
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luis C Santos
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deepraj Sarmah
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- School of Computing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Xiaoming Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | | | - Gaurav Pandey
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ravi Iyengar
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marc R Birtwistle
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
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13
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Wehling L, Keegan L, Fernández-Palanca P, Hassan R, Ghallab A, Schmitt J, Tang Y, Le Marois M, Roessler S, Schirmacher P, Kummer U, Hengstler JG, Sahle S, Breuhahn K. Spatial modeling reveals nuclear phosphorylation and subcellular shuttling of YAP upon drug-induced liver injury. eLife 2022; 11:78540. [PMID: 36255405 PMCID: PMC9578710 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway controls cell proliferation and tissue regeneration via its transcriptional effectors yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ). The canonical pathway topology is characterized by sequential phosphorylation of kinases in the cytoplasm that defines the subcellular localization of YAP and TAZ. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling the nuclear/cytoplasmic shuttling dynamics of both factors under physiological and tissue-damaging conditions are poorly understood. By implementing experimental in vitro data, partial differential equation modeling, as well as automated image analysis, we demonstrate that nuclear phosphorylation contributes to differences between YAP and TAZ localization in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Treatment of hepatocyte-derived cells with hepatotoxic acetaminophen (APAP) induces a biphasic protein phosphorylation eventually leading to nuclear protein enrichment of YAP but not TAZ. APAP-dependent regulation of nuclear/cytoplasmic YAP shuttling is not an unspecific cellular response but relies on the sequential induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT, synonym: protein kinase B), as well as elevated nuclear interaction between YAP and AKT. Mouse experiments confirm this sequence of events illustrated by the expression of ROS-, AKT-, and YAP-specific gene signatures upon APAP administration. In summary, our data illustrate the importance of nuclear processes in the regulation of Hippo pathway activity. YAP and TAZ exhibit different shuttling dynamics, which explains distinct cellular responses of both factors under physiological and tissue-damaging conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilija Wehling
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Modeling of Biological Processes, COS Heidelberg/BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Liam Keegan
- Department of Modeling of Biological Processes, COS Heidelberg/BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paula Fernández-Palanca
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Reham Hassan
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Department of Toxicology, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ghallab
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Department of Toxicology, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Jennifer Schmitt
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yingyue Tang
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maxime Le Marois
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Roessler
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ursula Kummer
- Department of Modeling of Biological Processes, COS Heidelberg/BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Department of Toxicology, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sven Sahle
- Department of Modeling of Biological Processes, COS Heidelberg/BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai Breuhahn
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Chakraborty S, Andrieux G, Kastl P, Adlung L, Altamura S, Boehm ME, Schwarzmüller LE, Abdullah Y, Wagner MC, Helm B, Gröne HJ, Lehmann WD, Boerries M, Busch H, Muckenthaler MU, Schilling M, Klingmüller U. Erythropoietin-driven dynamic proteome adaptations during erythropoiesis prevent iron overload in the developing embryo. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111360. [PMID: 36130519 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (Epo) ensures survival and proliferation of colony-forming unit erythroid (CFU-E) progenitor cells and their differentiation to hemoglobin-containing mature erythrocytes. A lack of Epo-induced responses causes embryonic lethality, but mechanisms regulating the dynamic communication of cellular alterations to the organismal level remain unresolved. By time-resolved transcriptomics and proteomics, we show that Epo induces in CFU-E cells a gradual transition from proliferation signature proteins to proteins indicative for differentiation, including heme-synthesis enzymes. In the absence of the Epo receptor (EpoR) in embryos, we observe a lack of hemoglobin in CFU-E cells and massive iron overload of the fetal liver pointing to a miscommunication between liver and placenta. A reduction of iron-sulfur cluster-containing proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation in these embryos leads to a metabolic shift toward glycolysis. This link connecting erythropoiesis with the regulation of iron homeostasis and metabolic reprogramming suggests that balancing these interactions is crucial for protection from iron intoxication and for survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajib Chakraborty
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Systems Cell-Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Geoffroy Andrieux
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Kastl
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Adlung
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Medicine & Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandro Altamura
- Center for Translational Biomedical Iron Research (CeTBI), Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin E Boehm
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luisa E Schwarzmüller
- Division Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yomn Abdullah
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marie-Christine Wagner
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Helm
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann-Josef Gröne
- Division Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolf D Lehmann
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melanie Boerries
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
| | - Hauke Busch
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Martina U Muckenthaler
- Center for Translational Biomedical Iron Research (CeTBI), Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Marcel Schilling
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Ursula Klingmüller
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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15
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BlotIt—Optimal alignment of Western blot and qPCR experiments. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264295. [PMID: 35947551 PMCID: PMC9365137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological systems are frequently analyzed by means of mechanistic mathematical models. In order to infer model parameters and provide a useful model that can be employed for systems understanding and hypothesis testing, the model is often calibrated on quantitative, time-resolved data. To do so, it is typically important to compare experimental measurements over broad time ranges and various experimental conditions, e.g. perturbations of the biological system. However, most of the established experimental techniques such as Western blot, or quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction only provide measurements on a relative scale, since different sample volumes, experimental adjustments or varying development times of a gel lead to systematic shifts in the data. In turn, the number of measurements corresponding to the same scale enabling comparability is limited. Here, we present a new flexible method to align measurement data that obeys different scaling factors and compare it to existing normalization approaches. We propose an alignment model to estimate these scaling factors and provide the possibility to adapt this model depending on the measurement technique of interest. In addition, an error model can be specified to adequately weight the different data points and obtain scaling-model based confidence intervals of the finally scaled data points. Our approach is applicable to all sorts of relative measurements and does not need a particular experimental condition that has been measured over all available scales. An implementation of the method is provided with the R package blotIt including refined ways of visualization.
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16
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Rasl J, Grusanovic J, Klimova Z, Caslavsky J, Grousl T, Novotny J, Kolar M, Vomastek T. ERK2 signaling regulates cell-cell adhesion of epithelial cells and enhances growth factor-induced cell scattering. Cell Signal 2022; 99:110431. [PMID: 35933033 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ERK signaling pathway, consisting of core protein kinases Raf, MEK and effector kinases ERK1/2, regulates various biological outcomes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, or cell migration. Signal transduction through the ERK signaling pathway is tightly controlled at all levels of the pathway. However, it is not well understood whether ERK pathway signaling can be modulated by the abundance of ERK pathway core kinases. In this study, we investigated the effects of low-level overexpression of the ERK2 isoform on the phenotype and scattering of cuboidal MDCK epithelial cells growing in discrete multicellular clusters. We show that ERK2 overexpression reduced the vertical size of lateral membranes that contain cell-cell adhesion complexes. Consequently, ERK2 overexpressing cells were unable to develop cuboidal shape, remained flat with increased spread area and intercellular adhesive contacts were present only on the basal side. Interestingly, ERK2 overexpression was not sufficient to increase phosphorylation of multiple downstream targets including transcription factors and induce global changes in gene expression, namely to increase the expression of pro-migratory transcription factor Fra1. However, ERK2 overexpression enhanced HGF/SF-induced cell scattering as these cells scattered more rapidly and to a greater extent than parental cells. Our results suggest that an increase in ERK2 expression primarily reduces cell-cell cohesion and that weakened intercellular adhesion synergizes with upstream signaling in the conversion of the multicellular epithelium into single migrating cells. This mechanism may be clinically relevant as the analysis of clinical data revealed that in one type of cancer, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, ERK2 overexpression correlates with a worse prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rasl
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 00 Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josipa Grusanovic
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Klimova
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Caslavsky
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Grousl
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Novotny
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Informatics and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kolar
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Vomastek
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
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17
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Deciphering signal transduction networks in the liver by mechanistic mathematical modelling. Biochem J 2022; 479:1361-1374. [PMID: 35748700 PMCID: PMC9246346 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In health and disease, liver cells are continuously exposed to cytokines and growth factors. While individual signal transduction pathways induced by these factors were studied in great detail, the cellular responses induced by repeated or combined stimulations are complex and less understood. Growth factor receptors on the cell surface of hepatocytes were shown to be regulated by receptor interactions, receptor trafficking and feedback regulation. Here, we exemplify how mechanistic mathematical modelling based on quantitative data can be employed to disentangle these interactions at the molecular level. Crucial is the analysis at a mechanistic level based on quantitative longitudinal data within a mathematical framework. In such multi-layered information, step-wise mathematical modelling using submodules is of advantage, which is fostered by sharing of standardized experimental data and mathematical models. Integration of signal transduction with metabolic regulation in the liver and mechanistic links to translational approaches promise to provide predictive tools for biology and personalized medicine.
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18
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Kemmer S, Berdiel-Acer M, Reinz E, Sonntag J, Tarade N, Bernhardt S, Fehling-Kaschek M, Hasmann M, Korf U, Wiemann S, Timmer J. Disentangling ERBB Signaling in Breast Cancer Subtypes-A Model-Based Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2379. [PMID: 35625984 PMCID: PMC9139462 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapies have shown striking success in the treatment of cancer over the last years. However, their specific effects on an individual tumor appear to be varying and difficult to predict. Using an integrative modeling approach that combines mechanistic and regression modeling, we gained insights into the response mechanisms of breast cancer cells due to different ligand-drug combinations. The multi-pathway model, capturing ERBB receptor signaling as well as downstream MAPK and PI3K pathways was calibrated on time-resolved data of the luminal breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and T47D across an array of four ligands and five drugs. The same model was then successfully applied to triple negative and HER2-positive breast cancer cell lines, requiring adjustments mostly for the respective receptor compositions within these cell lines. The additional relevance of cell-line-specific mutations in the MAPK and PI3K pathway components was identified via L1 regularization, where the impact of these mutations on pathway activation was uncovered. Finally, we predicted and experimentally validated the proliferation response of cells to drug co-treatments. We developed a unified mathematical model that can describe the ERBB receptor and downstream signaling in response to therapeutic drugs targeting this clinically relevant signaling network in cell line that represent three major subtypes of breast cancer. Our data and model suggest that alterations in this network could render anti-HER therapies relevant beyond the HER2-positive subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Kemmer
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (S.K.); (M.F.-K.)
- FDM—Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modeling, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mireia Berdiel-Acer
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.B.-A.); (E.R.); (J.S.); (N.T.); (S.B.); (U.K.)
| | - Eileen Reinz
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.B.-A.); (E.R.); (J.S.); (N.T.); (S.B.); (U.K.)
| | - Johanna Sonntag
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.B.-A.); (E.R.); (J.S.); (N.T.); (S.B.); (U.K.)
| | - Nooraldeen Tarade
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.B.-A.); (E.R.); (J.S.); (N.T.); (S.B.); (U.K.)
- Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Bernhardt
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.B.-A.); (E.R.); (J.S.); (N.T.); (S.B.); (U.K.)
| | - Mirjam Fehling-Kaschek
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (S.K.); (M.F.-K.)
- FDM—Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modeling, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Ulrike Korf
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.B.-A.); (E.R.); (J.S.); (N.T.); (S.B.); (U.K.)
| | - Stefan Wiemann
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.B.-A.); (E.R.); (J.S.); (N.T.); (S.B.); (U.K.)
| | - Jens Timmer
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (S.K.); (M.F.-K.)
- FDM—Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modeling, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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19
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW HRI is the heme-regulated elF2α kinase that phosphorylates the α-subunit of elF2. Although the role of HRI in inhibiting globin synthesis in erythroid cells is well established, broader roles of HRI in translation have been uncovered recently. This review is to summarize the new discoveries of HRI in stress erythropoiesis and in fetal γ-globin expression. RECENT FINDINGS HRI and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) mRNAs are highly expressed in early erythroblasts. Inhibition of protein synthesis by HRI-phosphorylated elF2α (elF2αP) is necessary to maintain protein homeostasis in both the cytoplasm and mitochondria. In addition, HRI-elF2αP specifically enhances translation of ATF4 mRNA leading to the repression of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. ATF4-target genes are most highly activated during iron deficiency to maintain mitochondrial function, redox homeostasis, and to enable erythroid differentiation. HRI is therefore a master translation regulator of erythropoiesis sensing intracellular heme concentrations and oxidative stress for effective erythropoiesis. Intriguingly, HRI-elF2αP-ATF4 signaling also inhibits fetal hemoglobin production in human erythroid cells. SUMMARY The primary function of HRI is to maintain protein homeostasis accompanied by the induction of ATF4 to mitigate stress. Role of HRI-ATF4 in γ-globin expression raises the potential of HRI as a therapeutic target for hemoglobinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane-Jane Chen
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shuping Zhang
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, China
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20
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Ng TSC, Hu H, Kronister S, Lee C, Li R, Gerosa L, Stopka SA, Burgenske DM, Khurana I, Regan MS, Vallabhaneni S, Putta N, Scott E, Matvey D, Giobbie-Hurder A, Kohler RH, Sarkaria JN, Parangi S, Sorger PK, Agar NYR, Jacene HA, Sullivan RJ, Buchbinder E, Mikula H, Weissleder R, Miller MA. Overcoming differential tumor penetration of BRAF inhibitors using computationally guided combination therapy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabl6339. [PMID: 35486732 PMCID: PMC9054019 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl6339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BRAF-targeted kinase inhibitors (KIs) are used to treat malignancies including BRAF-mutant non-small cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, anaplastic thyroid cancer, and, most prominently, melanoma. However, KI selection criteria in patients remain unclear, as are pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) mechanisms that may limit context-dependent efficacy and differentiate related drugs. To address this issue, we imaged mouse models of BRAF-mutant cancers, fluorescent KI tracers, and unlabeled drug to calibrate in silico spatial PK/PD models. Results indicated that drug lipophilicity, plasma clearance, faster target dissociation, and, in particular, high albumin binding could limit dabrafenib action in visceral metastases compared to other KIs. This correlated with retrospective clinical observations. Computational modeling identified a timed strategy for combining dabrafenib and encorafenib to better sustain BRAF inhibition, which showed enhanced efficacy in mice. This study thus offers principles of spatial drug action that may help guide drug development, KI selection, and combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S. C. Ng
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Huiyu Hu
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Stefan Kronister
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chanseo Lee
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ran Li
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luca Gerosa
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sylwia A. Stopka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ishaan Khurana
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael S. Regan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sreeram Vallabhaneni
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Niharika Putta
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ella Scott
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dylan Matvey
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anita Giobbie-Hurder
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rainer H. Kohler
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jann N. Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sareh Parangi
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter K. Sorger
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nathalie Y. R. Agar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heather A. Jacene
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan J. Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Hannes Mikula
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miles A. Miller
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Corresponding author.
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21
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Somatostatin Primes Endothelial Cells for Agonist-Induced Hyperpermeability and Angiogenesis In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063098. [PMID: 35328517 PMCID: PMC8949535 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin is an inhibitory peptide, which regulates the release of several hormones, and affects neurotransmission and cell proliferation via its five Gi protein-coupled receptors (SST1-5). Although its endocrine regulatory and anti-tumour effects have been thoroughly studied, little is known about its effect on the vascular system. The aim of the present study was to analyse the effects and potential mechanisms of somatostatin on endothelial barrier function. Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) express mainly SST1 and SST5 receptors. Somatostatin did not affect the basal HUVEC permeability, but primed HUVEC monolayers for thrombin-induced hyperpermeability. Western blot data demonstrated that somatostatin activated the phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) and p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways by phosphorylation. The HUVEC barrier destabilizing effects were abrogated by pre-treating HUVECs with mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal regulated kinase (MEK/ERK), but not the Akt inhibitor. Moreover, somatostatin pre-treatment amplified vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis (3D spheroid formation) in HUVECs. In conclusion, the data demonstrate that HUVECs under quiescence conditions express SST1 and SST5 receptors. Moreover, somatostatin primes HUVECs for thrombin-induced hyperpermeability mainly via the activation of MEK/ERK signalling and promotes HUVEC proliferation and angiogenesis in vitro.
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22
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Song M, Finley SD. Mechanistic characterization of endothelial sprouting mediated by pro-angiogenic signaling. Microcirculation 2021; 29:e12744. [PMID: 34890488 PMCID: PMC9285777 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective We aim to quantitatively characterize the crosstalk between VEGF‐ and FGF‐mediated angiogenic signaling and endothelial sprouting, to gain mechanistic insights and identify novel therapeutic strategies. Methods We constructed an experimentally validated hybrid agent‐based mathematical model that characterizes endothelial sprouting driven by FGF‐ and VEGF‐mediated signaling. We predicted the total sprout length, number of sprouts, and average length by the mono‐ and co‐stimulation of FGF and VEGF. Results The experimentally fitted and validated model predicts that FGF induces stronger angiogenic responses in the long‐term compared with VEGF stimulation. Also, FGF plays a dominant role in the combination effects in endothelial sprouting. Moreover, the model suggests that ERK and Akt pathways and cellular responses contribute differently to the sprouting process. Last, the model predicts that the strategies to modulate endothelial sprouting are context‐dependent, and our model can identify potential effective pro‐ and anti‐angiogenic targets under different conditions and study their efficacy. Conclusions The model provides detailed mechanistic insight into VEGF and FGF interactions in sprouting angiogenesis. More broadly, this model can be utilized to identify targets that influence angiogenic signaling leading to endothelial sprouting and to study the effects of pro‐ and anti‐angiogenic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stacey D Finley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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23
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Schmiester L, Weindl D, Hasenauer J. Efficient gradient-based parameter estimation for dynamic models using qualitative data. BIOINFORMATICS (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2021. [PMID: 34260697 DOI: 10.1101/2021.02.06.430039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
MOTIVATION Unknown parameters of dynamical models are commonly estimated from experimental data. However, while various efficient optimization and uncertainty analysis methods have been proposed for quantitative data, methods for qualitative data are rare and suffer from bad scaling and convergence. RESULTS Here, we propose an efficient and reliable framework for estimating the parameters of ordinary differential equation models from qualitative data. In this framework, we derive a semi-analytical algorithm for gradient calculation of the optimal scaling method developed for qualitative data. This enables the use of efficient gradient-based optimization algorithms. We demonstrate that the use of gradient information improves performance of optimization and uncertainty quantification on several application examples. On average, we achieve a speedup of more than one order of magnitude compared to gradient-free optimization. In addition, in some examples, the gradient-based approach yields substantially improved objective function values and quality of the fits. Accordingly, the proposed framework substantially improves the parameterization of models from qualitative data. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The proposed approach is implemented in the open-source Python Parameter EStimation TOolbox (pyPESTO). pyPESTO is available at https://github.com/ICB-DCM/pyPESTO. All application examples and code to reproduce this study are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4507613. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Schmiester
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Center for Mathematics, Technische Universität München, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Daniel Weindl
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Jan Hasenauer
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Center for Mathematics, Technische Universität München, Garching 85748, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn 53113, Germany
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24
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Adlung L, Stapor P, Tönsing C, Schmiester L, Schwarzmüller LE, Postawa L, Wang D, Timmer J, Klingmüller U, Hasenauer J, Schilling M. Cell-to-cell variability in JAK2/STAT5 pathway components and cytoplasmic volumes defines survival threshold in erythroid progenitor cells. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109507. [PMID: 34380040 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival or apoptosis is a binary decision in individual cells. However, at the cell-population level, a graded increase in survival of colony-forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E) cells is observed upon stimulation with erythropoietin (Epo). To identify components of Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (JAK2/STAT5) signal transduction that contribute to the graded population response, we extended a cell-population-level model calibrated with experimental data to study the behavior in single cells. The single-cell model shows that the high cell-to-cell variability in nuclear phosphorylated STAT5 is caused by variability in the amount of Epo receptor (EpoR):JAK2 complexes and of SHP1, as well as the extent of nuclear import because of the large variance in the cytoplasmic volume of CFU-E cells. 24-118 pSTAT5 molecules in the nucleus for 120 min are sufficient to ensure cell survival. Thus, variability in membrane-associated processes is sufficient to convert a switch-like behavior at the single-cell level to a graded population-level response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Adlung
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paul Stapor
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Computational Biology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Technische Universität München, Center for Mathematics, Chair of Mathematical Modeling of Biological Systems, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christian Tönsing
- Institute of Physics and Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modelling (FDM), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Leonard Schmiester
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Computational Biology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Technische Universität München, Center for Mathematics, Chair of Mathematical Modeling of Biological Systems, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Luisa E Schwarzmüller
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lena Postawa
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dantong Wang
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Computational Biology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Technische Universität München, Center for Mathematics, Chair of Mathematical Modeling of Biological Systems, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jens Timmer
- Institute of Physics and Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modelling (FDM), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Ursula Klingmüller
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jan Hasenauer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Computational Biology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Technische Universität München, Center for Mathematics, Chair of Mathematical Modeling of Biological Systems, 85748 Garching, Germany; Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Marcel Schilling
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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The Role of PI3K/AKT and MAPK Signaling Pathways in Erythropoietin Signalization. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147682. [PMID: 34299300 PMCID: PMC8307237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein cytokine known for its pleiotropic effects on various types of cells and tissues. EPO and its receptor EPOR trigger signaling cascades JAK2/STAT5, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT that are interconnected and irreplaceable for cell survival. In this article, we describe the role of the MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways during red blood cell formation as well as in non-hematopoietic tissues and tumor cells. Although the central framework of these pathways is similar for most of cell types, there are some stage-specific, tissue, and cell-lineage differences. We summarize the current state of research in this field, highlight the novel members of EPO-induced PI3K and MAPK signaling, and in this respect also the differences between erythroid and non-erythroid cells.
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26
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Sherekar S, Viswanathan GA. Boolean dynamic modeling of cancer signaling networks: Prognosis, progression, and therapeutics. COMPUTATIONAL AND SYSTEMS ONCOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cso2.1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shubhank Sherekar
- Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai Mumbai India
| | - Ganesh A. Viswanathan
- Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai Mumbai India
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Roldán Gallardo FF, Quintar AA. The pathological growth of the prostate gland in atherogenic contexts. Exp Gerontol 2021; 148:111304. [PMID: 33676974 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The human prostate is an androgen-dependent gland where an imbalance in cell proliferation can lead to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), which results in voiding lower urinary tract symptoms in the elderly. In the last decades, novel evidence has suggested that BPH might represent an element into the wide spectrum of disorders conforming the Metabolic Syndrome (MS). The dyslipidemic state and the other atherogenic factors of the MS have been shown to induce, maintain and/or aggravate the pathological growth of different organs, with data regarding the prostate being still limited. We here review the available epidemiological and experimental studies about the association of BPH with dyslipidemias. In particular, we have focused on Oxidized Low-Density Lipoproteins (OxLDL) as a potential trigger for vascular disease and cellular proliferation in atherogenic contexts, analyzing their putative molecular mechanisms, including the induction of specific extracellular vesicles (EVs)-derived miRNAs. In addition to the epidemiological evidence, OxLDL is proposed to play a fundamental role in the upregulation of prostatic cell proliferation by activating the Rho/Akt/p27Kip1 pathway in atherogenic contexts. miR-21, miR-141, miR-143, miR-145, miR-155, and miR-221 would be involved in the transcription of genes related to the proliferative process. Although much remains to be investigated regarding the impact of OxLDL, its receptors, and molecular mechanisms on the prostate, it is clear that EVs and miRNAs represent a promising target for proliferative pathologies of the prostate gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco F Roldán Gallardo
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Amado A Quintar
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Córdoba, Argentina.
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28
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Finding new edges: systems approaches to MTOR signaling. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:41-54. [PMID: 33544134 PMCID: PMC7924996 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cells have evolved highly intertwined kinase networks to finely tune cellular homeostasis to the environment. The network converging on the mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR) kinase constitutes a central hub that integrates metabolic signals and adapts cellular metabolism and functions to nutritional changes and stress. Feedforward and feedback loops, crosstalks and a plethora of modulators finely balance MTOR-driven anabolic and catabolic processes. This complexity renders it difficult — if not impossible — to intuitively decipher signaling dynamics and network topology. Over the last two decades, systems approaches have emerged as powerful tools to simulate signaling network dynamics and responses. In this review, we discuss the contribution of systems studies to the discovery of novel edges and modulators in the MTOR network in healthy cells and in disease.
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29
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Zhen H, Li G, Zhao P, Zhang Y, Wang J, Yu J, Cao B. Raltitrexed Enhances the Antitumor Effect of Apatinib in Human Esophageal Squamous Carcinoma Cells via Akt and Erk Pathways. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:12325-12339. [PMID: 33293826 PMCID: PMC7719348 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s276125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Apatinib has been proved effective in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer and a variety of solid tumors. Raltitrexed is emerging as a promising alternative for treating advanced colorectal cancer in China. This work aims to study the combinatory antitumor effect of apatinib and raltitrexed on human esophageal squamous carcinoma cells (ESCC). Materials and Methods Two VEGFR-2-positive human ESCC lines, KYSE-30 and TE-1, were treated with apatinib or raltitrexed, or both, then the cell proliferation rate was measured by MTS assay; cell migration and invasion were studied by transwell assays; cell apoptosis rate was determined by flow cytometry; cellular autophagy level affected was analyzed by Western blot analysis; finally, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to monitor transcription and Western blot was performed to check phosphorylation of apoptotic proteins after treatment. Results Both apatinib and raltitrexed significantly inhibited KYSE-30 and TE-1 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with both drugs showed enhanced inhibitory effects on cell proliferation, migration, and invasiveness compared with apatinib monotherapy. Apoptosis percentages in both cell lines were also remarkably increased by the combined treatment. Moreover, the combination of apatinib and raltitrexed down-regulated mRNA level of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, while up-regulated pro-apoptotic protein PARP, Bax, and caspase-3 transcription. Western blot analysis showed that phosphorylation levels of Erk, Akt, and invasiveness-associated protein matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) were decreased in the combination group. Conclusion Taken together, these results indicate that raltitrexed enhances the antitumor effects of apatinib on human ESCC cells by down-regulating phosphorylation of Akt and Erk, implying a combination of raltitrexed and apatinib might be an effective option for treating esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Zhen
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangxin Li
- Radiation Oncology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxian Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Bangwei Cao
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
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30
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Wang X, Liang F, Fan H, Wang Z, Gou X, Ning Y. Proteinase-activated receptor 2 promotes 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation through activation of the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway and MAT2A gene expression. Arch Physiol Biochem 2020; 126:468-475. [PMID: 32990471 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1817094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the function and mechanisms of PAR2 in preadipocyte differentiation. This study found that the expression level of PAR2 was increased during 3T3-L1 mouse preadipocyte differentiation towards adipocytes. In addition, PAR2 overexpression significantly stimulated the expression of adipogenic proteins including ACC1, PPARγ, and SREBF1. Moreover, PAR2 overexpression increased the content of triglyceride (TG) in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Knockdown of PAR2 suppressed 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis. Mechanistically, PAR2 promoted 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation and TG production through activation of the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway and MAT2A gene expression. The research sheds light on the adipogenic effects of PAR2 and its underlying mechanisms. Thus, PAR2 may have therapeutic significance for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Wang
- Nursing Department, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, China
| | - Fang Liang
- CPC Committee, The First People's Hospital of Xianyang, Xianyang, China
| | - Hui Fan
- Nursing Department, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- The First People's Hospital of Xianyang, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiaolin Gou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Xianyang, Xianyang, China
| | - Yu Ning
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Xianyang, Xianyang, China
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31
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Das T, Andrieux G, Ahmed M, Chakraborty S. Integration of Online Omics-Data Resources for Cancer Research. Front Genet 2020; 11:578345. [PMID: 33193699 PMCID: PMC7645150 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.578345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The manifestations of cancerous phenotypes necessitate alterations at different levels of information-flow from genome to proteome. The molecular alterations at different information processing levels serve as the basis for the cancer phenotype to emerge. To understand the underlying mechanisms that drive the acquisition of cancer hallmarks it is required to interrogate cancer cells using multiple levels of information flow represented by different omics - such as genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. The advantage of multi-omics data integration comes with a trade-off in the form of an added layer of complexity originating from inherently diverse types of omics-datasets that may pose a challenge to integrate the omics-data in a biologically meaningful manner. The plethora of cancer-specific online omics-data resources, if able to be integrated efficiently and systematically, may facilitate the generation of new biological insights for cancer research. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the online single- and multi-omics resources that are dedicated to cancer. We catalog various online omics-data resources such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) along with various TCGA-associated data portals and tools for multi-omics analysis and visualization, the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC), Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC), The Pathology Atlas, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and PRoteomics IDEntifications (PRIDE). By comparing the strengths and limitations of the respective online resources, we aim to highlight the current biological and technological challenges and possible strategies to overcome these challenges. We outline the available schemes for the integration of the multi-omics dimensions for stratifying cancer patients and biomarker prediction based on the integrated molecular-signatures of cancer. Finally, we propose the multi-omics driven systems-biology approaches to realize the potential of precision onco-medicine as the future of cancer research. We believe this systematic review will encourage scientists and clinicians worldwide to utilize the online resources to explore and integrate the available omics datasets that may provide a window of opportunity to generate new biological insights and contribute to the advancement of the field of cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonmoy Das
- Molecular Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Geoffroy Andrieux
- Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Musaddeque Ahmed
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sajib Chakraborty
- Molecular Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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32
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Robichon K, Maiwald T, Schilling M, Schneider A, Willemsen J, Salopiata F, Teusel M, Kreutz C, Ehlting C, Huang J, Chakraborty S, Huang X, Damm G, Seehofer D, Lang PA, Bode JG, Binder M, Bartenschlager R, Timmer J, Klingmüller U. Identification of Interleukin1β as an Amplifier of Interferon alpha-induced Antiviral Responses. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008461. [PMID: 33002089 PMCID: PMC7553310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction of an interferon-mediated response is the first line of defense against pathogens such as viruses. Yet, the dynamics and extent of interferon alpha (IFNα)-induced antiviral genes vary remarkably and comprise three expression clusters: early, intermediate and late. By mathematical modeling based on time-resolved quantitative data, we identified mRNA stability as well as a negative regulatory loop as key mechanisms endogenously controlling the expression dynamics of IFNα-induced antiviral genes in hepatocytes. Guided by the mathematical model, we uncovered that this regulatory loop is mediated by the transcription factor IRF2 and showed that knock-down of IRF2 results in enhanced expression of early, intermediate and late IFNα-induced antiviral genes. Co-stimulation experiments with different pro-inflammatory cytokines revealed that this amplified expression dynamics of the early, intermediate and late IFNα-induced antiviral genes can also be achieved by co-application of IFNα and interleukin1 beta (IL1β). Consistently, we found that IL1β enhances IFNα-mediated repression of viral replication. Conversely, we observed that in IL1β receptor knock-out mice replication of viruses sensitive to IFNα is increased. Thus, IL1β is capable to potentiate IFNα-induced antiviral responses and could be exploited to improve antiviral therapies. Innate immune responses contribute to the control of viral infections and the induction of interferon alpha (IFNα)-mediated antiviral responses is an important component. However, IFNα induces a multitude of antiviral response genes and the expression dynamics of these genes can be classified as early, intermediate and late. Here we show, based on a mathematical modeling approach, that mRNA stability as well as the negative regulator IRF2 control the expression dynamics of IFNα-induced antiviral genes. Knock-down of IRF2 resulted in the amplified IFNα-mediated induction of the antiviral genes and this amplified expression of antiviral genes could be functionally mimicked by co-stimulation with IFNα and IL1β. We observed that co-stimulation with IFNα and IL1β enhanced the repression of virus replication and that knock-out of the IL1 receptor in mice resulted in increased replication of a virus sensitive to IFNα. In sum, our studies identified IL1β as an important amplifier of IFNα-induced antiviral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Robichon
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Maiwald
- Institute for Physics, University of Freiburg, Germany.,FDM-Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modeling, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Schilling
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annette Schneider
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joschka Willemsen
- Research Group "Dynamics of Early Viral Infection and the Innate Antiviral Response", Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Salopiata
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melissa Teusel
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clemens Kreutz
- Institute for Physics, University of Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Ehlting
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sajib Chakraborty
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Xiaoyun Huang
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg Damm
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany and Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Seehofer
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany and Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp A Lang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes G Bode
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marco Binder
- Research Group "Dynamics of Early Viral Infection and the Innate Antiviral Response", Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Timmer
- Institute for Physics, University of Freiburg, Germany.,FDM-Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modeling, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ursula Klingmüller
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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33
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Wen Y, Liu J, He H, Li SSC, Liu Z. Single-Cell Analysis of Signaling Proteins Provides Insights into Proapoptotic Properties of Anticancer Drugs. Anal Chem 2020; 92:12498-12508. [PMID: 32790289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell DNA analysis technology has provided unprecedented insights into many physiological and pathological processes. In contrast, technologies that allow protein analysis in single cells have lagged behind. Herein, a method called single-cell Plasmonic ImmunoSandwich Assay (scPISA) that is capable of measuring signaling proteins and protein complexes in single living cells is described. scPISA is straightforward, comprising specific in-cell extraction and ultrasensitive plasmonic detection. It is applied to evaluate the efficacy and kinetics of cytotoxic drugs. It reveals that different drugs exhibit distinct proapoptotic properties at the single-cell level. A set of new parameters is thus proposed for comprehensive and quantitative evaluation of the efficacy of anticancer drugs. It discloses that metformin can dramatically enhance the overall anticancer efficacy when combined with actinomycin D, although it itself is significantly less effective. Furthermore, scPISA reveals that survivin interacts with cytochrome C and caspase-3 in a dynamic fashion in single cells during continuous drug treatment. As compared with conventional assays, scPISA exhibits several significant advantages, such as ultrahigh sensitivity, single-cell resolution, fast speed, and so on. Therefore, this approach may provide a powerful tool for wide, important applications from basic research to clinical applications, particularly precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hui He
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shawn S C Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Kok F, Rosenblatt M, Teusel M, Nizharadze T, Gonçalves Magalhães V, Dächert C, Maiwald T, Vlasov A, Wäsch M, Tyufekchieva S, Hoffmann K, Damm G, Seehofer D, Boettler T, Binder M, Timmer J, Schilling M, Klingmüller U. Disentangling molecular mechanisms regulating sensitization of interferon alpha signal transduction. Mol Syst Biol 2020; 16:e8955. [PMID: 32696599 PMCID: PMC7373899 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20198955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tightly interlinked feedback regulators control the dynamics of intracellular responses elicited by the activation of signal transduction pathways. Interferon alpha (IFNα) orchestrates antiviral responses in hepatocytes, yet mechanisms that define pathway sensitization in response to prestimulation with different IFNα doses remained unresolved. We establish, based on quantitative measurements obtained for the hepatoma cell line Huh7.5, an ordinary differential equation model for IFNα signal transduction that comprises the feedback regulators STAT1, STAT2, IRF9, USP18, SOCS1, SOCS3, and IRF2. The model-based analysis shows that, mediated by the signaling proteins STAT2 and IRF9, prestimulation with a low IFNα dose hypersensitizes the pathway. In contrast, prestimulation with a high dose of IFNα leads to a dose-dependent desensitization, mediated by the negative regulators USP18 and SOCS1 that act at the receptor. The analysis of basal protein abundance in primary human hepatocytes reveals high heterogeneity in patient-specific amounts of STAT1, STAT2, IRF9, and USP18. The mathematical modeling approach shows that the basal amount of USP18 determines patient-specific pathway desensitization, while the abundance of STAT2 predicts the patient-specific IFNα signal response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique Kok
- Division Systems Biology of Signal TransductionGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Faculty of BiosciencesHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Marcus Rosenblatt
- Institute of PhysicsUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- FDM ‐ Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and ModelingUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Melissa Teusel
- Division Systems Biology of Signal TransductionGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Faculty of BiosciencesHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Tamar Nizharadze
- Division Systems Biology of Signal TransductionGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Faculty of BiosciencesHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Vladimir Gonçalves Magalhães
- Research Group “Dynamics of Early Viral Infection and the Innate Antiviral Response”Division Virus‐Associated CarcinogenesisGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Christopher Dächert
- Faculty of BiosciencesHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
- Research Group “Dynamics of Early Viral Infection and the Innate Antiviral Response”Division Virus‐Associated CarcinogenesisGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Tim Maiwald
- Institute of PhysicsUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Artyom Vlasov
- Division Systems Biology of Signal TransductionGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Faculty of BiosciencesHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Marvin Wäsch
- Division Systems Biology of Signal TransductionGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Silvana Tyufekchieva
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation SurgeryRuprecht Karls University HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Katrin Hoffmann
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation SurgeryRuprecht Karls University HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Georg Damm
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral TransplantationUniversity of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Daniel Seehofer
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral TransplantationUniversity of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Tobias Boettler
- Department of Medicine IIUniversity Hospital Freiburg—Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Marco Binder
- Research Group “Dynamics of Early Viral Infection and the Innate Antiviral Response”Division Virus‐Associated CarcinogenesisGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Jens Timmer
- Institute of PhysicsUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- FDM ‐ Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and ModelingUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSSUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Center for Biological Systems Analysis (ZBSA)University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Marcel Schilling
- Division Systems Biology of Signal TransductionGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Ursula Klingmüller
- Division Systems Biology of Signal TransductionGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
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35
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Ashraf S, Yilmaz G, Chen X, Harmancey R. Dietary Fat and Sugar Differentially Affect β-Adrenergic Stimulation of Cardiac ERK and AKT Pathways in C57BL/6 Male Mice Subjected to High-Calorie Feeding. J Nutr 2020; 150:1041-1050. [PMID: 31950177 PMCID: PMC7198302 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High dietary fat and sugar promote cardiac hypertrophy independently from an increase in blood pressure. The respective contribution that each macronutrient exerts on cardiac growth signaling pathways remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which high amounts of dietary fat and sugar affect cardiac growth regulatory pathways. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice (9 wk old; n = 20/group) were fed a standard rodent diet (STD; kcal% protein-fat-carbohydrate, 29-17-54), a high-fat diet (HFD; 20-60-20), a high-fat and high-sugar Western diet (WD; 20-45-35), a high-sugar diet with mixed carbohydrates (HCD; 20-10-70), or a high-sucrose diet (HSD; 20-10-70). Body composition was assessed weekly by EchoMRI. Whole-body glucose utilization was assessed with an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. After 6 wk on diets, mice were treated with saline or 20 mg/kg isoproterenol (ISO), and the activity of cardiac growth regulatory pathways was analyzed by immunoblotting. Data were analyzed by ANOVA with data from the STD group included for references only. RESULTS Compared with HCD and HSD, WD and HFD increased body fat mass 2.7- to 3.8-fold (P < 0.001), induced glucose intolerance (P < 0.001), and increased insulin concentrations >1.5-fold (P < 0.05), thereby enhancing basal and ISO-stimulated AKT phosphorylation at both threonine 308 and serine 473 residues (+25-63%; P < 0.05). Compared with HFD, the high-sugar diets potentiated ISO-mediated stimulation of the glucose-sensitive kinases PYK2 (>47%; P < 0.05 for HCD and HSD) and ERK (>34%; P < 0.05 for WD, HCD, and HSD), thereby leading to increased phosphorylation of protein synthesis regulator S6K1 at threonine 389 residue (>64%; P < 0.05 for WD, HCD, and HSD). CONCLUSIONS Dietary fat and sugar affect cardiac growth signaling pathways in C57BL/6 mice through distinct and additive mechanisms. The findings may provide new insights into the role of overnutrition in pathological cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Ashraf
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS,Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS,Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Gizem Yilmaz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS,Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS,Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS,Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS,Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Romain Harmancey
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS,Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS,Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS,Address correspondence to RH (e-mail: )
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36
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Hastings JF, O'Donnell YEI, Fey D, Croucher DR. Applications of personalised signalling network models in precision oncology. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 212:107555. [PMID: 32320730 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As our ability to provide in-depth, patient-specific characterisation of the molecular alterations within tumours rapidly improves, it is becoming apparent that new approaches will be required to leverage the power of this data and derive the full benefit for each individual patient. Systems biology approaches are beginning to emerge within this field as a potential method of incorporating large volumes of network level data and distilling a coherent, clinically-relevant prediction of drug response. However, the initial promise of this developing field is yet to be realised. Here we argue that in order to develop these precise models of individual drug response and tailor treatment accordingly, we will need to develop mathematical models capable of capturing both the dynamic nature of drug-response signalling networks and key patient-specific information such as mutation status or expression profiles. We also review the modelling approaches commonly utilised within this field, and outline recent examples of their use in furthering the application of systems biology for a precision medicine approach to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan F Hastings
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Dirk Fey
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - David R Croucher
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; St Vincent's Hospital Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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37
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Heme-regulated eIF2α kinase in erythropoiesis and hemoglobinopathies. Blood 2020; 134:1697-1707. [PMID: 31554636 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019001915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As essential components of hemoglobin, iron and heme play central roles in terminal erythropoiesis. The impairment of this process in iron/heme deficiency results in microcytic hypochromic anemia, the most prevalent anemia globally. Heme-regulated eIF2α kinase, also known as heme-regulated inhibitor (HRI), is a key heme-binding protein that senses intracellular heme concentrations to balance globin protein synthesis with the amount of heme available for hemoglobin production. HRI is activated during heme deficiency to phosphorylate eIF2α (eIF2αP), which simultaneously inhibits the translation of globin messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and selectively enhances the translation of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) mRNA to induce stress response genes. This coordinated translational regulation is a universal hallmark across the eIF2α kinase family under various stress conditions and is termed the integrated stress response (ISR). Inhibition of general protein synthesis by HRI-eIF2αP in erythroblasts is necessary to prevent proteotoxicity and maintain protein homeostasis in the cytoplasm and mitochondria. Additionally, the HRI-eIF2αP-ATF4 pathway represses mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, specifically in the erythroid lineage as a feedback mechanism of erythropoietin-stimulated erythropoiesis during iron/heme deficiency. Furthermore, ATF4 target genes are most highly activated during iron deficiency to maintain mitochondrial function and redox homeostasis, as well as to enable erythroid differentiation. Thus, heme and translation regulate erythropoiesis through 2 key signaling pathways, ISR and mTORC1, which are coordinated by HRI to circumvent ineffective erythropoiesis (IE). HRI-ISR is also activated to reduce the severity of β-thalassemia intermedia in the Hbbth1/th1 murine model. Recently, HRI has been implicated in the regulation of human fetal hemoglobin production. Therefore, HRI-ISR has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for hemoglobinopathies.
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38
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Trötschel C, Hamzeh H, Alvarez L, Pascal R, Lavryk F, Bönigk W, Körschen HG, Müller A, Poetsch A, Rennhack A, Gui L, Nicastro D, Strünker T, Seifert R, Kaupp UB. Absolute proteomic quantification reveals design principles of sperm flagellar chemosensation. EMBO J 2020; 39:e102723. [PMID: 31880004 PMCID: PMC7024835 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019102723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cilia serve as cellular antennae that translate sensory information into physiological responses. In the sperm flagellum, a single chemoattractant molecule can trigger a Ca2+ rise that controls motility. The mechanisms underlying such ultra-sensitivity are ill-defined. Here, we determine by mass spectrometry the copy number of nineteen chemosensory signaling proteins in sperm flagella from the sea urchin Arbacia punctulata. Proteins are up to 1,000-fold more abundant than the free cellular messengers cAMP, cGMP, H+ , and Ca2+ . Opto-chemical techniques show that high protein concentrations kinetically compartmentalize the flagellum: Within milliseconds, cGMP is relayed from the receptor guanylate cyclase to a cGMP-gated channel that serves as a perfect chemo-electrical transducer. cGMP is rapidly hydrolyzed, possibly via "substrate channeling" from the channel to the phosphodiesterase PDE5. The channel/PDE5 tandem encodes cGMP turnover rates rather than concentrations. The rate-detection mechanism allows continuous stimulus sampling over a wide dynamic range. The textbook notion of signal amplification-few enzyme molecules process many messenger molecules-does not hold for sperm flagella. Instead, high protein concentrations ascertain messenger detection. Similar mechanisms may occur in other small compartments like primary cilia or dendritic spines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Trötschel
- Fakultät für Biologie und BiotechnologieRuhr‐Universität BochumBochumGermany
| | - Hussein Hamzeh
- Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (caesar), Molecular Sensory SystemsBonnGermany
- Marine Biological LaboratoryWoods HoleMAUSA
| | - Luis Alvarez
- Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (caesar), Molecular Sensory SystemsBonnGermany
| | - René Pascal
- Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (caesar), Molecular Sensory SystemsBonnGermany
| | - Fedir Lavryk
- Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (caesar), Molecular Sensory SystemsBonnGermany
| | - Wolfgang Bönigk
- Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (caesar), Molecular Sensory SystemsBonnGermany
| | - Heinz G Körschen
- Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (caesar), Molecular Sensory SystemsBonnGermany
| | - Astrid Müller
- Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (caesar), Molecular Sensory SystemsBonnGermany
| | - Ansgar Poetsch
- Fakultät für Biologie und BiotechnologieRuhr‐Universität BochumBochumGermany
- Present address:
Center for Marine and Molecular BiotechnologyQNLMQindaoChina
- Present address:
College of Marine Life SciencesOcean University of ChinaQingdaoChina
| | - Andreas Rennhack
- Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (caesar), Molecular Sensory SystemsBonnGermany
| | - Long Gui
- Departments of Cell Biology and BiophysicsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
| | - Daniela Nicastro
- Departments of Cell Biology and BiophysicsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
| | - Timo Strünker
- Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (caesar), Molecular Sensory SystemsBonnGermany
- Marine Biological LaboratoryWoods HoleMAUSA
- Center of Reproductive Medicine and AndrologyUniversity Hospital MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Reinhard Seifert
- Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (caesar), Molecular Sensory SystemsBonnGermany
- Marine Biological LaboratoryWoods HoleMAUSA
| | - U Benjamin Kaupp
- Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (caesar), Molecular Sensory SystemsBonnGermany
- Marine Biological LaboratoryWoods HoleMAUSA
- Life& Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES)University of BonnBonnGermany
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39
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Kuchen EE, Becker NB, Claudino N, Höfer T. Hidden long-range memories of growth and cycle speed correlate cell cycles in lineage trees. eLife 2020; 9:e51002. [PMID: 31971512 PMCID: PMC7018508 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell heterogeneity may be caused by stochastic or deterministic effects. The inheritance of regulators through cell division is a key deterministic force, but identifying inheritance effects in a systematic manner has been challenging. Here, we measure and analyze cell cycles in deep lineage trees of human cancer cells and mouse embryonic stem cells and develop a statistical framework to infer underlying rules of inheritance. The observed long-range intra-generational correlations in cell-cycle duration, up to second cousins, seem paradoxical because ancestral correlations decay rapidly. However, this correlation pattern is naturally explained by the inheritance of both cell size and cell-cycle speed over several generations, provided that cell growth and division are coupled through a minimum-size checkpoint. This model correctly predicts the effects of inhibiting cell growth or cycle progression. In sum, we show how fluctuations of cell cycles across lineage trees help in understanding the coordination of cell growth and division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika E Kuchen
- Theoretical Systems BiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Bioquant CenterUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Nils B Becker
- Theoretical Systems BiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Bioquant CenterUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Nina Claudino
- Theoretical Systems BiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Bioquant CenterUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Thomas Höfer
- Theoretical Systems BiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Bioquant CenterUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
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40
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Abstract
Recent decades, there is significant progress in understanding the mechanisms of tumor progression and immune evasion. The newly discovered protein NLRC5 is demonstrated to participate in regulating cancer immune escape through enhancing MHC class I genes expression in certain tumors. Nevertheless, increasing evidence has revealed that NLRC5 is up-regulated in some other tumors and promote tumor development and progression. The purpose of this review is to describe the role of NLRC5 in tumors and discuss whether NLRC5 can be a potential target in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.
| | - Yadi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.
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41
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von Achenbach C, Weller M, Kaulich K, Gramatzki D, Zacher A, Fabbro D, Reifenberger G, Szabó E. Synergistic growth inhibition mediated by dual PI3K/mTOR pathway targeting and genetic or direct pharmacological AKT inhibition in human glioblastoma models. J Neurochem 2020; 153:510-524. [PMID: 31618458 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Molecular genetic aberrations in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway are common in human cancers including glioblastoma, yet, novel therapeutic approaches targeting this pathway in glioblastoma have not been successful. We hypothesized that molecular profiling in combination with in vitro drug sensitivity testing allows to identify signatures associated with sensitivity or resistance to PI3K/mTOR pathway inhibition. We analyzed the molecular mechanisms determining sensitivity to PI3K/mTOR inhibition using gene silencing or pharmacological target inhibition and proliferation, clonogenicity, or spherogenicity as readouts, in human long-term glioma cell (LTC) lines and glioma-initiating cells (GIC). Cultured glioma cells were universally sensitive to growth inhibition induced by PQR309, a novel, dual pan-PI3K/mTOR antagonist. Cells exhibited profound growth arrest, but little apoptotic or necrotic cell death as confirmed by electron microscopy; yet, there was evidence of senescence. Cell lines with high basal levels of phosphorylated (active) AKT, low levels of phosphorylated (inactive) protein translation repressor eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E-binding protein 1 (p4E-BP1), and high levels of Ser9-phosphorylated (inactive) glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (pGSK3β) were more sensitive to PQR309. Accordingly, the activity of PQR309 was synergistically enhanced by AKT gene silencing or direct pharmacological AKT inhibition. In vivo studies confirmed the anti-glioma activity of PQR309 alone or in combination with AKT inhibition in the orthotopic LN-229 glioma xenograft model in nude mice. These data justify to explore combined targeted therapy approaches in glioblastoma that aim at down-regulating AKT function to enhance the therapeutic potential of dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline von Achenbach
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Weller
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Kaulich
- Institute of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dorothee Gramatzki
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angela Zacher
- Institute of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Guido Reifenberger
- Institute of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Emese Szabó
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Subedi L, Teli MK, Lee JH, Gaire BP, Kim MH, Kim SY. A Stilbenoid Isorhapontigenin as a Potential Anti-Cancer Agent against Breast Cancer through Inhibiting Sphingosine Kinases/Tubulin Stabilization. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121947. [PMID: 31817453 PMCID: PMC6966567 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Isorhapontigenin (ISO), a tetrahydroxylated stilbenoid, is an analog of resveratrol (Rsv). The various biological activities of Rsv and its derivatives have been previously reported in the context of both cancer and inflammation. However, the anti-cancer effect of ISO against breast cancer has not been well established, despite being an orally bioavailable dietary polyphenol. In this study, we determine the anti-cancer effects of ISO against breast cancer using MCF7, T47D, and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. We observed that ISO induces breast cancer cell death, cell cycle arrest, oxidative stress, and the inhibition of cell proliferation. Additionally, sphingosine kinase inhibition by ISO controlled tubulin polymerization and cancer cell growth by regulating MAPK/PI3K-mediated cell cycle arrest in MCF7 cells. Interestingly, SPHK1/2 gene silencing increased oxidative stress, cell death, and tubulin destabilization in MCF7 cells. This suggests that the anti-cancer effect of ISO can be regulated by SPHK/tubulin destabilization pathways. Overall, ISO successfully induced breast cancer cell death and cell growth arrest, suggesting this phytochemical is a better alternative for breast cancer treatment. Further studies in animal models could confirm the potency and usability of ISO over Rsv for targeting breast cancer, potentially posing an alternative candidate for improved therapy in the near future.
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Baek A, Shin JC, Lee MY, Kim SH, Kim J, Cho SR. Parasympathetic Effect Induces Cell Cycle Activation in Upper Limbs of Paraplegic Patients with Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235982. [PMID: 31783707 PMCID: PMC6929129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate gene expression changes related to cell cycle activation in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and to further evaluate the difference between the upper and lower limbs of SCI patients. Fibroblasts were obtained from the upper and lower limbs of SCI patients and healthy subjects. To investigate gene expression profiling in the fibroblasts from SCI patients compared to the healthy subjects, RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis was performed. To validate the parasympathetic effects on cell cycle activation, fibroblasts from upper or lower limbs of SCI patients were treated with the anticholinergic agents tiotropium or acetylcholine, and quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot were conducted. Cell proliferation was significantly increased in the upper limbs of SCI patients compared with the lower limbs of SCI patients and healthy subjects. The pathway and genes involved in cell cycle were identified by RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis. Expression of cell-cycle-related genes CCNB1, CCNB2, PLK1, BUB1, and CDC20 were significantly higher in the upper limbs of SCI patients compared with the lower limbs of SCI patients and healthy subjects. When the fibroblasts were treated with tiotropium the upper limbs and acetylcholine in the lower limbs, the expression of cell-cycle-related genes and cell proliferation were significantly modulated. This study provided the insight that cell proliferation and cell cycle activation were observed to be significantly increased in the upper limbs of SCI patients via the parasympathetic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahreum Baek
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (A.B.); (J.C.S.); (M.-Y.L.)
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Korea;
| | - Ji Cheol Shin
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (A.B.); (J.C.S.); (M.-Y.L.)
| | - Min-Young Lee
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (A.B.); (J.C.S.); (M.-Y.L.)
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Korea;
| | - Jiyong Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Inje University Ilsanpaik Hospital, 170 Juhwa-ro, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang 10380, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (S.-R.C.); Tel.: +82-31-910-7885 (J.K.); +82-2-2228-3715 (S.-R.C.); Fax: +82-31-910-7786 (J.K.); +82-2-363-2795 (S.-R.C.)
| | - Sung-Rae Cho
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (A.B.); (J.C.S.); (M.-Y.L.)
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Yonsei Stem Cell Center, Avison Biomedical Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Rehabilitation Institute of Neuromuscular Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (S.-R.C.); Tel.: +82-31-910-7885 (J.K.); +82-2-2228-3715 (S.-R.C.); Fax: +82-31-910-7786 (J.K.); +82-2-363-2795 (S.-R.C.)
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Sesamin Enhances Nrf2-Mediated Protective Defense against Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Colitis via AKT and ERK Activation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2432416. [PMID: 31534619 PMCID: PMC6732632 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2432416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a major form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with high incidence and prevalence in many countries. Patients with UC usually suffer from a lifetime of debilitating physical symptoms. Therefore, developing effective therapeutic strategy that can manage this disease better and improve patients' life quality is in urgent need. Sesamin (SSM) is a lignan derived from sesame seeds. In this study, the protective effect of SSM against UC and the underlying mechanism were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Our data showed that SSM protected Caco-2 cells from H2O2-induced oxidative stress injury via GSH-mediated scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Dual luciferase reporter assay showed that the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was significantly increased by SSM, and the ability of SSM to activate Nrf2-targeted genes was further confirmed in Caco-2 cells using western blot and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). In contrast, Nrf2 knockdown abolished the protective effect of SSM. Additionally, we found that SSM also activated advanced protein kinase B (AKT) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in Caco-2 cells, while either AKT or ERK inhibition can prevent SSM-mediated nuclear translocation of Nrf2. Furthermore, SSM displayed a better protective effect against dextran sulfate sodium- (DSS-) induced UC compared with 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) in C57BL/6 mice. The enhanced Nrf2 signaling and activated AKT/ERK were also observed in the colon of mice after SSM administration. These results first demonstrate the protective effect of SSM against UC and indicate that the effect is associated with AKT/ERK activation and subsequent Nrf2 signaling enhancement. This study provides a new insight into the medicinal value of SSM and proposes it as a new natural nutrition for better managing the symptoms of UC.
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Jafarnejad M, Sové RJ, Danilova L, Mirando AC, Zhang Y, Yarchoan M, Tran PT, Pandey NB, Fertig EJ, Popel AS. Mechanistically detailed systems biology modeling of the HGF/Met pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2019; 5:29. [PMID: 31452933 PMCID: PMC6697704 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-019-0107-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling through its receptor Met has been implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenesis and progression. Met interaction with integrins is shown to modulate the downstream signaling to Akt and ERK (extracellular-regulated kinase). In this study, we developed a mechanistically detailed systems biology model of HGF/Met signaling pathway that incorporated specific interactions with integrins to investigate the efficacy of integrin-binding peptide, AXT050, as monotherapy and in combination with other therapeutics targeting this pathway. Here we report that the modeled dynamics of the response to AXT050 revealed that receptor trafficking is sufficient to explain the effect of Met-integrin interactions on HGF signaling. Furthermore, the model predicted patient-specific synergy and antagonism of efficacy and potency for combination of AXT050 with sorafenib, cabozantinib, and rilotumumab. Overall, the model provides a valuable framework for studying the efficacy of drugs targeting receptor tyrosine kinase interaction with integrins, and identification of synergistic drug combinations for the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jafarnejad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Richard J. Sové
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Ludmila Danilova
- Department of Oncology, Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Adam C. Mirando
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Mark Yarchoan
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Phuoc T. Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular and Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Centre and Department of Urology, The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Niranjan B. Pandey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Elana J. Fertig
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Oncology, Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Aleksander S. Popel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
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Shockley EM, Rouzer CA, Marnett LJ, Deeds EJ, Lopez CF. Signal integration and information transfer in an allosterically regulated network. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2019; 5:23. [PMID: 31341635 PMCID: PMC6639376 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-019-0100-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A biological reaction network may serve multiple purposes, processing more than one input and impacting downstream processes via more than one output. These networks operate in a dynamic cellular environment in which the levels of network components may change within cells and across cells. Recent evidence suggests that protein concentration variability could explain cell fate decisions. However, systems with multiple inputs, multiple outputs, and changing input concentrations have not been studied in detail due to their complexity. Here, we take a systems biochemistry approach, combining physiochemical modeling and information theory, to investigate how cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) processes simultaneous input signals within a complex interaction network. We find that changes in input levels affect the amount of information transmitted by the network, as does the correlation between those inputs. This, and the allosteric regulation of COX-2 by its substrates, allows it to act as a signal integrator that is most sensitive to changes in relative input levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M. Shockley
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212 USA
| | - Carol A. Rouzer
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212 USA
| | | | - Eric J. Deeds
- Center for Computational Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA
- Present Address: Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Carlos F. Lopez
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212 USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212 USA
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Spinosa PC, Humphries BA, Lewin Mejia D, Buschhaus JM, Linderman JJ, Luker GD, Luker KE. Short-term cellular memory tunes the signaling responses of the chemokine receptor CXCR4. Sci Signal 2019; 12:eaaw4204. [PMID: 31289212 PMCID: PMC7059217 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaw4204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR4 regulates fundamental processes in development, normal physiology, and diseases, including cancer. Small subpopulations of CXCR4-positive cells drive the local invasion and dissemination of malignant cells during metastasis, emphasizing the need to understand the mechanisms controlling responses at the single-cell level to receptor activation by the chemokine ligand CXCL12. Using single-cell imaging, we discovered that short-term cellular memory of changes in environmental conditions tuned CXCR4 signaling to Akt and ERK, two kinases activated by this receptor. Conditioning cells with growth stimuli before CXCL12 exposure increased the number of cells that initiated CXCR4 signaling and the amplitude of Akt and ERK activation. Data-driven, single-cell computational modeling revealed that growth factor conditioning modulated CXCR4-dependent activation of Akt and ERK by decreasing extrinsic noise (preexisting cell-to-cell differences in kinase activity) in PI3K and mTORC1. Modeling established mTORC1 as critical for tuning single-cell responses to CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling. Our single-cell model predicted how combinations of extrinsic noise in PI3K, Ras, and mTORC1 superimposed on different driver mutations in the ERK and/or Akt pathways to bias CXCR4 signaling. Computational experiments correctly predicted that selected kinase inhibitors used for cancer therapy shifted subsets of cells to states that were more permissive to CXCR4 activation, suggesting that such drugs may inadvertently potentiate pro-metastatic CXCR4 signaling. Our work establishes how changing environmental inputs modulate CXCR4 signaling in single cells and provides a framework to optimize the development and use of drugs targeting this signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip C Spinosa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Brock A Humphries
- Department of Radiology Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Daniela Lewin Mejia
- Department of Radiology Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Johanna M Buschhaus
- Department of Radiology Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jennifer J Linderman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gary D Luker
- Department of Radiology Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kathryn E Luker
- Department of Radiology Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Tai Y, Zhang LH, Gao JH, Zhao C, Tong H, Ye C, Huang ZY, Liu R, Tang CW. Suppressing growth and invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by celecoxib through inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:2831-2848. [PMID: 31114336 PMCID: PMC6497485 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s183376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Biomarkers are lacking in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and its metabolites play crucial roles in the process of inflammation-tumor transformation. This study was aimed to detect COX-2 expression in HCC tissues and evaluate the effects of a COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, on biological behaviors of HCC cell lines in vitro. Methods: COX-2 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry on a human HCC tissue microarray. The correlations of COX-2 expression with tumor clinicopathological variables and overall survival were analyzed. The proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle distribution, invasion capacity, and related signaling molecules of HCC cells after incubated with COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib were evaluated in vitro. Results: Expression levels of COX-2 in HCC tissues were significantly higher than those in paracancerous tissues. The TNM stage III-IV, tumor size >5 cm, lymphovascular invasion and distant metastasis was higher in high COX-2 expression group compared with that in low COX-2 expression group. Patients with low COX-2 expression achieved better 5-year overall survival than those with high COX-2 expression. Treatment with celecoxib was sufficient to inhibit cell proliferation, promote apoptosis, and induce G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in HCC cells with concentration- and time-dependent manners. Celecoxib up-regulated E-cadherin protein through inhibiting COX-2-prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-PGE2 receptor 2 (EP2)-p-Akt/p-ERK signaling pathway to suppress HCC cells migration and invasion. Conclusion: High COX-2 expression was associated with advanced TNM stage, larger tumor size, increased lymphovascular invasion and short survival. Targeting inhibition of COX-2 by celecoxib exhibited anti-tumor activities by suppressing proliferation, promoting apoptosis, and inhibiting the aggressive properties of HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Tai
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Hao Zhang
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Hang Gao
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Tong
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Ye
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yin Huang
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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Complex Systems Biology Approach in Connecting PI3K-Akt and NF-κB Pathways in Prostate Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030201. [PMID: 30813597 PMCID: PMC6468646 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3′-OH kinase (PI3K)-Akt and transcription factor NF-κB are important molecules involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and oncogenesis. Both PI3K-Akt and Nuclear Factor-kappaB (NF-κB) are involved in the development and progression of prostate cancer, however, the crosstalk and molecules connecting these pathway remains unclear. A multilevel system representation of the PI3K-Akt and NF-κB pathways was constructed to determine which signaling components contribute to adaptive behavior and coordination. In silico experiments conducted using PI3K-Akt and NF-κB, mathematical models were modularized using biological functionality and were validated using a cell culture system. Our analysis demonstrates that a component representing the IκB kinase (IKK) complex can coordinate these two pathways. It is expected that interruption of this molecule could represent a potential therapeutic target for prostate cancer.
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MiR-30a regulates cancer cell response to chemotherapy through SNAI1/IRS1/AKT pathway. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:153. [PMID: 30770779 PMCID: PMC6377638 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1326-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite gemcitabine being the leading chemotherapeutic drug for pancreatic cancer, many patients still relapse due to the drug resistance. We previously reported the molecular link between FKBP51 mediated AKT inhibition and gemcitabine response in pancreatic cancers. However, the upstream regulator of this pathway, especially the involvement of non-coding RNAs in gemcitabine response is still not clear. Here we delineated the miRNA expression profile and key signaling pathways associated with gemcitabine response. Furthermore, we confirmed that miR-30a, one node of this network, regulated cellular response to gemcitabine through SNAI1-IRS1-AKT pathway. MiR-30a directly targeted SNAI1, which activates AKT and ERK through regulating IRS1 in vitro and in vivo. Clinically, miR-30a is downregulated in pancreatic cancer tissue and associated with overall patient survival. We also identified miR-30a as an AKT-FOXO3a-regulated gene that forms a feedback loop. Together, these results demonstrate that miR-30a is an upstream regulator of the Akt pathway with a critical role in cancer etiology and chemoresistance.
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