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Davis CN, Markowitz JS, Squeglia LM, Ellingson JM, McRae-Clark AL, Gray KM, Kretschmer D, Tomko RL. Evidence for sex differences in the impact of cytochrome P450 genotypes on early subjective effects of cannabis. Addict Behav 2024; 153:107996. [PMID: 38394959 PMCID: PMC10947802 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.107996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Early positive subjective effects of cannabis predict the development of cannabis use disorder (CUD). Genetic factors, such as the presence of cytochrome P450 genetic variants that are associated with reduced Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) metabolism, may contribute to individual differences in subjective effects of cannabis. Young adults (N = 54) with CUD or a non-CUD substance use disorder (control) provided a blood sample for DNA analysis and self-reported their early (i.e., effects upon initial uses) and past-year positive and negative subjective cannabis effects. Participants were classified as slow metabolizers if they had at least one CYP2C9 or CYP3A4 allele associated with reduced activity. Though the CUD group and control group did not differ in terms of metabolizer status, slow metabolizer status was more prevalent among females in the CUD group than females in the control group. Slow metabolizers reported greater past year negative THC effects compared to normal metabolizers; however, slow metabolizer status did not predict early subjective cannabis effects (positive or negative) or past year positive effects. Post-hoc analyses suggested males who were slow metabolizers reported more negative early subjective effects of cannabis than female slow metabolizers. Other sex-by-genotype interactions were not significant. These initial findings suggest that genetic variation in CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 may have sex-specific associations with cannabis-related outcomes. Slow metabolizer genes may serve as a risk factor for CUD for females independent of subjective effects. Male slow metabolizers may instead be particularly susceptible to the negative subjective effects of cannabis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christal N Davis
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Services, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States; Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - John S Markowitz
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Lindsay M Squeglia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Services, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Jarrod M Ellingson
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Aimee L McRae-Clark
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Services, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Kevin M Gray
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Services, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Diana Kretschmer
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Rachel L Tomko
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Services, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
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Shetty AC, Sivinski J, Cornell J, McCracken C, Sadzewicz L, Mahurkar A, Wang XQ, Colloca L, Lin W, Pilli N, Kane MA, Seneviratne C. Peripheral blood transcriptomic profiling of molecular mechanisms commonly regulated by binge drinking and placebo effects. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10733. [PMID: 38730024 PMCID: PMC11087488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56900-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular responses to alcohol consumption are dynamic, context-dependent, and arise from a complex interplay of biological and external factors. While many have studied genetic risk associated with drinking patterns, comprehensive studies identifying dynamic responses to pharmacologic and psychological/placebo effects underlying binge drinking are lacking. We investigated transcriptome-wide response to binge, medium, and placebo alcohol consumption by 17 healthy heavy social drinkers enrolled in a controlled, in-house, longitudinal study of up to 12 days. Using RNA-seq, we identified 251 and 13 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to binge drinking and placebo, respectively. Eleven protein-coding DEGs had very large effect sizes in response to binge drinking (Cohen's d > 1). Furthermore, binge dose significantly impacted the Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway (KEGG: hsa04060) across all experimental sequences. Placebo also impacted hsa04060, but only when administered following regular alcohol drinking sessions. Similarly, medium-dose and placebo commonly impacted KEGG pathways of Systemic lupus erythematosus, Neutrophil extracellular trap formation, and Alcoholism based on the sequence of drinking sessions. These findings together indicate the "dose-extending effects" of placebo at a molecular level. Furthermore, besides supporting alcohol dose-specific molecular changes, results suggest that the placebo effects may induce molecular responses within the same pathways regulated by alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Carl Shetty
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 670 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - John Sivinski
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 670 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Jessica Cornell
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 670 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Carrie McCracken
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 670 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Lisa Sadzewicz
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 670 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Anup Mahurkar
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 670 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Xing-Qun Wang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Luana Colloca
- Department of Pain and Translational Symptom Science, Placebo Beyond Opinions (PBO) Center, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Weihong Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nageswara Pilli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maureen A Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chamindi Seneviratne
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 670 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Waldron KA, Wolfe E, Plisiewicz A, Turrisi RJ, Romano E. Long-term impact of familismo and ethnic identity on latinx college student drinking and high-risk consequences. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2024; 23:201-221. [PMID: 38768079 PMCID: PMC11106522 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2022.2082618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Familismo, ethnic pride, and ethnic shame were examined as longitudinal predictors of Latinx college student alcohol use and high-risk alcohol-related consequences. Latinx students completed measures during the fall of their first (T1), second (T2), and fourth (T4) year of college. T1 familismo was positively associated with T2 ethnic pride and negatively associated with T2 ethnic shame. T2 ethnic pride was negatively associated with T4 drinking, while T2 ethnic shame was positively associated with T4 drinking. T4 drinking was positively associated with T4 consequences. Results suggest that Latinx ethnic pride and ethnic shame during the second-year of college act as mediators between first-year familismo and fourth-year drinking and consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin Wolfe
- Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Eduardo Romano
- Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, Maryland
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Dyar C, Kaysen D. Event-level positive and negative reinforcement risk factors for alcohol use: Moderation by individual-level alcohol consequences and post-traumatic stress disorder symptom severity. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 47:2068-2080. [PMID: 38226757 PMCID: PMC10794026 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The multistage model of drug addiction posits that risk processes contributing to alcohol use change as individuals develop alcohol use disorders. However, few studies have tested this theory outside of the lab or at the event level. We assessed whether event-level associations between positive reinforcement (e.g., positive affect, sociability expectancies) and negative reinforcement risk factors (e.g., negative affect, tension reduction expectancies) and same-/next-day alcohol consumption varied as a function of an individual's level of alcohol consequences. Given elevated alcohol use consequences among individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and disruptions in reward processing that affect this population, we also tested whether these processes differed based on the presence and severity of PTSD. METHODS We used data from a 30-day ecological momentary assessment study with 174 undergraduate women who regularly engaged in heavy episodic drinking. A majority (78%) of the sample had experienced sexual assault and 44% had current PTSD. Analyses used Bayesian multilevel structural equation modeling with diffuse (non-informative) priors. We used markov chain monte carlo (MCMC) algorithms to generate a series of 10,000 random draws from the multivariate posterior distribution of our sample for each model. RESULTS Results partially supported the multistage model. Event-level negative reinforcement risk factors only predicted more alcohol consumption among individuals who experienced more alcohol consequences. Findings for positive reinforcement risk factors were partially consistent with hypotheses. Overall, findings appear to operate similarly across PTSD symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that interventions for heavy episodic drinking could benefit from attending to an individual's level of alcohol consequences. For example, preventive interventions for individuals who tend to experience few consequences may benefit more from addressing positive reinforcement risk factors, while treatment interventions for those who experience more consequences may benefit from attending to both positive and negative reinforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Debra Kaysen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
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Waddell JT, Chassin L. Multilevel longitudinal relations among impulsive traits, positive expectancies, and binge drinking from late adolescence to adulthood: A developmental test of acquired preparedness. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 47:996-1009. [PMID: 36977505 PMCID: PMC10289131 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Acquired Preparedness Model (APM) posits that highly impulsive individuals develop stronger positive alcohol expectancies, which in turn predicts heavier drinking. However, most acquired preparedness studies have focused solely on between-person relations, despite the theory suggesting that there are potential developmental-specific within-person relations. Thus, the current study tested the APM from late adolescence into adulthood, while disaggregating within- from between-person relations. METHODS Data come from a multigenerational study of familial alcohol use disorder (N=653) spanning three waves 5 years apart. Participants reported their lack of conscientiousness, sensation seeking, positive alcohol expectancies, and binge drinking at each wave. First, missing data techniques were used to create a "ghost timepoint," allowing the specification of four developmental-specific timepoints representing late adolescence (age 18 to 20), emerging adulthood (age 21 to 25), young adulthood (age 26 to 29), and adulthood (age 30 to 39). Second, a Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model tested between-person and within-person relations among variables. RESULTS At the between-person level, lower conscientiousness and sensation seeking were correlated with higher positive expectancies, and positive expectancies were correlated with more binge drinking. There were no within-person prospective relations among conscientiousness, sensation seeking, and positive expectancies. However, within-person increases in lack of conscientiousness during late adolescence predicted within-person increases in emerging adult binge drinking, and within-person increases in late adolescent and emerging adult binge drinking predicted within-person increases in lack of conscientiousness during emerging and young adulthood, respectively. Similarly, within-person increases in late adolescent and young adult sensation seeking predicted within-person increases in binge drinking during emerging adulthood and adulthood, respectively. Binge drinking did not reciprocally predict sensation seeking. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that acquired preparedness effects may be between persons rather than within persons. However, several within-person developmental-specific relations among conscientiousness, sensation seeking, and binge drinking were observed, outside of expectancies. Findings are discussed in terms of theory and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack T Waddell
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Laurie Chassin
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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Merrill JE, Labhart F, Perks SN. Negative but Not Positive Alcohol-Related Consequences Tend to Occur Above the Heavy Episodic Drinking Threshold: A Daily Study of Young Adult Heavy Drinkers. Alcohol Alcohol 2023; 58:190-197. [PMID: 36573295 PMCID: PMC10008103 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agac066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study used event-level data to identify the threshold (i.e. number of standard alcoholic drinks) at which specific negative and positive alcohol-related consequences are likely to occur. METHODS Ninety-six college students aged 18-20 reporting weekly heavy episodic drinking (HED) or at least one negative alcohol-related consequence in the past 2 weeks completed ecological momentary assessment over 28 days. Participants reported number of standard drinks consumed and negative (e.g. nausea) and positive (e.g. new friend) alcohol-related consequences on 492 drinking nights. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve measured the ability of an increasing number of drinks consumed to discriminate between nights with versus without a given consequence. The Youden Index method was used to identify the optimal threshold of drinks for each consequence. Thresholds were examined for each consequence by participants' biological sex and heavy drinking status. RESULTS Across subgroups, most consequences occurred on nights where participants reported higher consumption levels relative to nights where consequences did not occur. Thresholds for negative consequences ranged between four and nine drinks and thresholds for positive consequences were between three and six drinks. CONCLUSIONS Many negative consequences are likely to occur following the traditional HED threshold of 4+/5+ drinks (females/males), with more severe consequences occurring at slightly higher thresholds. Positive consequences are likely to occur at lower thresholds. There may be an optimal number of drinks that maximize positive while minimizing negative consequences for heavy drinking college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Merrill
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Florian Labhart
- Addiction Switzerland, Research Department, Avenue Louis-Ruchonnnet 14, 1003 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research (CAPR), La Trobe University, Plenty Rd & Kingsbury Dr, Bundoora VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Siobhan N Perks
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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Derrick JL, Testa M, Wang W, Leonard KE. Elixir of love or venom of violence: When does a drinking event result in couple intimacy or couple conflict? Addict Behav 2023; 136:107488. [PMID: 36088786 PMCID: PMC10187977 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The short-term consequences of drinking events may be positive or negative. Most studies have considered only one outcome, but people may experience different alcohol outcomes on different occasions, depending on the circumstances. The present study sought to identify predictors of drinking events that resulted in couple intimacy, conflict, or neither outcome using existing data from a 30-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study. Participants were a community sample of partnered, moderately drinking adults with a recent history of verbal or physical partner aggression (N = 249 couples). They provided reports of drinking events, intimacy and conflict events, and ratings of relationship harmony and discord in three randomly signaled reports each day. Mixed-effects multinomial analyses were used to compare predictors of drinking events that, within three hours, resulted in intimacy, conflict, or neither outcome. Consistent with previous research, characteristics of the drinker (individual tendencies to experience intimacy or conflict) and characteristics of the drinking event (alcohol quantity, drinking companions) both predicted drinking outcomes. Moreover, the pre-drinking relationship context predicted post-drinking relationship outcomes, consistent with the idea that alcohol focuses attention on salient contextual cues. Specifically, greater pre-drinking relationship harmony predicted greater likelihood of experiencing intimacy after drinking, whereas greater pre-drinking relationship discord predicted greater likelihood of experiencing conflict after drinking. In summary, characteristics of the drinker, the drinking event, and the pre-drinking relationship context contribute to the likelihood that a given drinking event will have short-term positive or negative relationship outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Testa
- University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, United States
| | - Weijun Wang
- University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, United States
| | - Kenneth E Leonard
- University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, United States
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8
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Tan L, Friedman Z, Zhou Z, Huh D, White HR, Mun EY. Does abstaining from alcohol in high school moderate intervention effects for college students? Implications for tiered intervention strategies. Front Psychol 2022; 13:993517. [PMID: 36532967 PMCID: PMC9748095 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.993517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Brief motivational intervention (BMI) and personalized feedback intervention (PFI) are individual-focused brief alcohol intervention approaches that have been proven efficacious for reducing alcohol use among college students and young adults. Although the efficacy of these two intervention approaches has been well established, little is known about the factors that may modify their effects on alcohol outcomes. In particular, high school drinking may be a risk factor for continued and heightened use of alcohol in college, and thus may influence the outcomes of BMI and PFI. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether high school drinking was associated with different intervention outcomes among students who received PFI compared to those who received BMI. We conducted moderation analyses examining 348 mandated students (60.1% male; 73.3% White; and 61.5% first-year student) who were randomly assigned to either a BMI or a PFI and whose alcohol consumption was assessed at 4-month and 15-month follow-ups. Results from marginalized zero-inflated Poisson models showed that high school drinking moderated the effects of PFI and BMI at the 4-month follow-up but not at the 15-month follow-up. Specifically, students who reported no drinking in their senior year of high school consumed a 49% higher mean number of drinks after receiving BMI than PFI at the 4-month follow-up. The results suggest that alcohol consumption in high school may be informative when screening and allocating students to appropriate alcohol interventions to meet their different needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tan
- School of Public Health, The University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Zachary Friedman
- Center of Alcohol and Substance Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Zhengyang Zhou
- School of Public Health, The University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - David Huh
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Helene R. White
- Center of Alcohol and Substance Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Eun-Young Mun
- School of Public Health, The University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX, United States
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Mallett KA, Turrisi R, Reavy R, Sell N, Waldron KA, Scaglione N, Ackerman SD. What Predicts Willingness to Experience Negative Consequences in College Student Drinkers? J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2022; 83:704-711. [PMID: 36136441 PMCID: PMC9523755 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.20-00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research has shown that students who were more willing to experience consequences reported higher rates of alcohol consumption and negative consequences. The present study used a longitudinal design to examine intra- and interpersonal consequence-specific predictors of willingness to experience negative consequences. METHOD Students (N = 2,024) were assessed in the fall (Time [T] 1) and spring (T2) semesters of their first year in college. Intrapersonal constructs (i.e., expectancies, subjective evaluations, self-efficacy), interpersonal constructs (i.e., peer descriptive, injunctive norms), and personality constructs (i.e., self-regulation, impulsivity, sensation seeking) were assessed at T1 and willingness to experience negative alcohol-related consequences was assessed 6 months later. A structural path model examined the relationship between T1 predictors and T2 willingness. T1 drinking and sex were included as covariates. RESULTS These results demonstrated significant positive relationships between T1 participants' subjective evaluations of consequences, expectancies of experiencing consequences, and T2 willingness to experience negative consequences. Further, impulsivity, sensation seeking, and T1 drinking showed significant, positive associations with willingness, whereas higher self-regulation was significantly associated with lower willingness. Men were significantly more willing to experience negative consequences than women. No significant associations were observed between normative perceptions and willingness. CONCLUSIONS Intrapersonal and personality constructs, as well as previous drinking, were significantly associated with willingness to experience consequences whereas interpersonal constructs were not. Men were significantly more willing to experience negative consequences. College student interventions may benefit from focusing on significant constructs identified in the current study (e.g., enhancing self-regulation) and focusing on students with higher willingness to experience negative consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A. Mallett
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Rob Turrisi
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Racheal Reavy
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Nichole Sell
- Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Katja A. Waldron
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Nichole Scaglione
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Sarah D. Ackerman
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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Goodman FR, Brown BA, Silva GM, Bradford DE, Tennen H, Kashdan TB. Motives and Consequences of Alcohol Use in People With Social Anxiety Disorder: A Daily Diary Study. Behav Ther 2022; 53:600-613. [PMID: 35697425 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
People with social anxiety disorder (SAD) are at increased risk for alcohol-related problems. Most research exploring social anxiety and alcohol use has examined negative drinking consequences, with less consideration of positive consequences-namely positive social experiences-that may reinforce alcohol use. In this daily diary study, we examined how adults diagnosed with SAD (N = 26) and a psychologically healthy control group (N = 28) experienced positive drinking consequences in naturally occurring drinking episodes during the study period. For 14 consecutive days, participants answered questions about alcohol use, motives for drinking, and positive consequences of drinking. On days when participants drank, those with SAD were more likely than healthy controls to perceive a reduction in anxiety, but the two groups did not differ in their likelihood of experiencing positive social drinking consequences. For both groups, on days when they were more motivated to drink to enhance social experiences (affiliation motives) or cope with distress (coping motives), they were more likely to obtain positive consequences from drinking. Compared to controls, participants with SAD endorsed stronger trait and daily coping motives (anxiety-coping, social anxiety-coping, and depression-coping). Results are discussed in the context of reinforcement mechanisms that may maintain social anxiety and alcohol use.
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Cortés-Tomás MT, Giménez-Costa JA, Motos-Sellés P, Sancerni-Beitia MD. Expectancies and Motives as Predictors of Risky Alcohol Consumption in College Women. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00811-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractDespite the consequences of alcohol use, it continues showing a high incidence among college students. Besides, the increasing presence of women in risk alcohol patterns calls for a gender-sensitive approach to design specific actions. Some variables have been analyzed as underlying alcohol consumption (expectations and motives). This paper assesses the type and influence of both variables on female university alcohol consumers at different levels of risk. Five hundred four college women were assessed using the Spanish adaptations of the Expectancy Questionnaire, the Drinking Motives Questionnaire-Revised, and the AUDIT. We determine the unique contributions of expectancies, motives, and the presence of binge drinking (BD) to the pattern of risky drinking. The percentage of variance explained by risky drinking is 37.7%. Negative expectancies (20.4%) are the most explanatory variables, followed by enhancement motives (10.4%). Interventions with university women should focus on their negative expectancies, in addition to addressing for improvement, coping with depression, and conformity motives.
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Stevens AK, Janssen T, Belzak WC, Padovano HT, Jackson KM. Comprehensive measurement invariance of alcohol outcome expectancies among adolescents using regularized moderated nonlinear factor analysis. Addict Behav 2022; 124:107088. [PMID: 34487979 PMCID: PMC8805203 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol outcomes expectancies (AOEs) are robust predictors of alcohol initiation and escalation of drinking behavior among adolescents. Although measurement invariance is a prerequisite for inferring valid comparisons of AOEs across groups (e.g., age), empirical evidence is lacking. In a secondary data analysis study, we employed regularized moderated nonlinear factor analysis (MNLFA) to simultaneously test differential item functioning (DIF) across age, sex, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), and alcohol initiation for a 22-item, two-factor measure of positive and negative AOEs among adolescents (analytic n = 936 drawn from a parent study of 1023 adolescents). Evidence of DIF was minimal, with no DIF for the negative AOE factor and DIF for only two items of the positive AOE factor. The item "feel grown up" exhibited DIF by age, and the item "feel romantic" exhibited DIF by SES. After accounting for DIF, the positive AOE latent factor mean differed by SES, age, and alcohol initiation, and exhibited lower variability by alcohol initiation. The negative AOE latent factor mean differed by sex and SES, with greater variability by SES and age and lower variability by alcohol initiation. Group-differences findings for age and alcohol initiation are consistent with prior work, and differences by sex and SES are a new contribution to the literature that should prompt additional research to ensure replicability. The present study demonstrates the utility of the MNLFA technique for examining comprehensive measurement invariance, particularly for applied researchers who seek to examine substantive research questions while accounting for any DIF present in the scales used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela K. Stevens
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02903, USA,Corresponding author at: Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Box G-S121-4, Providence, RI 02912, USA. (A.K. Stevens)
| | - Tim Janssen
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - William C.M. Belzak
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Hayley Treloar Padovano
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Kristina M. Jackson
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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LoParco CR, Zhou Z, Fairlie AM, Litt DM, Lee CM, Lewis MA. Testing daily-level drinking and negative consequences as predictors of next-day drinking cognitions. Addict Behav 2021; 122:107042. [PMID: 34303119 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Limited research has examined how alcohol use and related consequences affect drinking-related cognitions, which is important as these cognitions may contribute to future drinking. The current study examines daily associations between alcohol use and alcohol-related negative consequences with next-day Prototype Willingness Model (PWM) social reaction pathway cognitions. METHOD Participants ages 15-25 years (N = 124, Mean age 18.7, SD = 2.87) completed daily surveys for up to three weeks (i.e., up to 11 surveys/week) using an ecological momentary assessment design. Linear mixed models and Poisson generalized mixed models were conducted to examine whether number of alcoholic drinks or number of negative alcohol-related consequences were associated with next-day PWM social reaction cognitions, including perceived vulnerability, descriptive normative perceptions of number of drinks consumed and the percentage of friends who drink, prototype favorability, prototype similarity, and willingness (i.e., openness) to drink. RESULTS Within-person results indicated more alcohol use on a given day was associated with lower next-day normative perceptions of the percentage of friends who drink on that day of the week and higher prototype similarity. Furthermore, within-person results indicated that experiencing more negative alcohol-related consequences on a given day was associated with higher perceived vulnerability and lower willingness to drink the next day. CONCLUSIONS Findings showed that next-day social reaction PWM cognitions were associated with prior day alcohol use and negative alcohol-related consequences, suggesting that an intervention might be timed to target drinking cognitions the morning following a drinking event, particularly after experiencing negative alcohol-related consequences.
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14
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Waddell JT, Sternberg A, Grimm KJ, Chassin L. Do Alcohol Consequences Serve as Teachable Moments? A Test of Between- and Within-Person Reciprocal Effects From College Age to Adulthood. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2021; 82:647-658. [PMID: 34546912 PMCID: PMC8819605 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2021.82.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several studies find between-person reciprocal relations between adolescent/college drinking and positive expectancies. However, drinking and expectancies from college into adulthood are largely unstudied, as are within-person associations. During these age periods, negative alcohol consequences may represent "teachable moments" via expectancy change. The current study tested the reciprocal effects of drinking, negative consequences, and expectancies from college age to adulthood. METHOD Using data from a longitudinal study focused on familial alcohol disorder, age bands were created to model effects from college age (18-22) to young adulthood (23-28) and adulthood (29-34). Participants (N = 420) reported on their drinking, negative consequences, and expectancies across three waves (1995-2010). RESULTS Negative consequences did not predict negative expectancies, but the random intercepts of the two were highly related. Young adult negative consequences predicted a within-person increase in adult heavy drinking. A within-person increase in college age negative expectancies indirectly predicted a within-person decrease in adult negative consequences through reduced young adult drinking, whereas within-person increases in college age positive expectancies indirectly predicted a within-person increase in adult negative consequences through heavier young adult drinking. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that negative consequences were related to trait-level negative expectancies, even though prospective effects were not observed. Findings also suggest that college age negative expectancies were protective against future use and consequences, and this effect was unique to college age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack T. Waddell
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Ariel Sternberg
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Kevin J. Grimm
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Laurie Chassin
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
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15
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Rhew IC, Duckworth JC, Lee CM. The association between intended drinking contexts and alcohol expectancies in college students: A daily diary study. Addict Behav 2021; 120:106967. [PMID: 33971498 PMCID: PMC8184638 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of the role alcohol outcome expectancies play in subsequent drinking, it is important to understand factors that can shape alcohol expectancies to guide intervention efforts. This study examined among college students whether intended social contexts for drinking were associated with positive and negative alcohol expectancies at the daily-level. METHODS Participants included in analyses were 323 students, ages 18 to 24 years, enrolled at a 4-year university in the Pacific Northwest. At four 2-week measurement bursts across one year, participants were asked each afternoon to report whether they planned to drink alcohol later that day. If so, they were further asked how much they intended to drink, whether they plan to drink alone or with others, whether they plan to drink at home or bar/party, and their positive and negative expectancies of alcohol use that evening. RESULTS A total of 2953 person-day observations from planned drinking days were used. Results from linear mixed models, adjusted for covariates including intended number of drinks, showed that students reported greater positive alcohol expectancies on days when they intended to drink with others vs. alone and intended to drink at a bar or party vs. at home. For negative expectancies, only intended drinking with others showed a statistically significant association. CONCLUSION This study suggests that contextual factors may shape college students' expectancies about effects of alcohol at the daily-level. Intended drinking contexts may be important to address in event-level interventions to reduce high-risk drinking in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac C Rhew
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, 1100 NE 45th St., #300, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.
| | - Jennifer C Duckworth
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, 516 Johnson Tower, Pullman, WA 99163, USA
| | - Christine M Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, 1100 NE 45th St., #300, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
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16
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Merrill JE, Carpenter RW, Boyle HK, Haikalis M, Jackson KM, Miranda R, Carey KB, Piasecki TM. Do alcohol-related consequences and how they are evaluated predict consumption during and days until the next drinking event? PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2021; 35:587-596. [PMID: 34424029 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Alcohol-related consequences are most often examined as outcomes of alcohol use. However, it is also possible that experiencing consequences may predict future drinking behavior. The predictive power of consequences on future drinking behavior may involve both objective experiences of consequences and subjective evaluations of those consequences (i.e., how positive, how negative). The purpose of the present study was to understand how positive and negative alcohol-related consequences-and evaluations of those consequences-predict elements of the next drinking event among college students. Method: 96 participants reported alcohol use and related consequences over a 28-day daily assessment period. Results: Survival analysis and multilevel modeling were used to examine the influence of positive and negative consequences from a given drinking event on latency to and number of drinks consumed at the next drinking event. Contrary to hypotheses, subsequent drinking was not impacted by recent consequences nor how they were perceived. Conclusions: Though theoretically, experiencing alcohol consequences may impact proximal drinking behavior, findings suggest that, in the current sample, other factors have greater importance in the latency between drinking events and amount of alcohol consumed. Future work should continue to identify event-level predictors that impact behavior at the next drinking event, and ways drinkers attempt to avoid repetition of drinking consequences other than simply drinking less (e.g., protective behavioral strategies), as such factors would be valuable targets for intervention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Merrill
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University
| | | | - Holly K Boyle
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University
| | - Michelle Haikalis
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University
| | - Kristina M Jackson
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University
| | - Robert Miranda
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University
| | - Kate B Carey
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University
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17
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Perceived Positive Consequences Are Associated with Unhealthy Alcohol Use Among Persons Living with HIV. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ADDICTION 2021; 11:23-31. [PMID: 33748407 DOI: 10.1097/cxa.0000000000000098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Understanding how perceived positive consequences are associated with drinking may help improve effectiveness of alcohol reduction interventions among people living with HIV (PLWH). We aimed to determine whether perceived positive consequence scores varied by sociodemographic, drinking, mental health or substance use variables. Methods Perceived positive consequences of drinking were assessed using the PROMIS: Positive Consequences-Short Form. Unhealthy alcohol use was measured using a modified AUDIT-C. We used multiple linear regression to identify factors associated with perceived positive consequence. Results 328 PLWH who consumed at least one alcoholic beverage in the last 6 months participated in the Florida Cohort study (mean age=46, 69% male, 58% Black). Perceived positive consequence scores ranged from 0 to 28 (mean=16.1, SD=6.9). Perceived positive consequence scores increased by 0.8 points for each 1-point increase in AUDIT-C score. Demographics, thoughts on reducing alcohol use, other substance use, depression, and anxiety were not significantly associated with perceived positive consequences. Conclusions Our findings suggest perceived positive consequences are associated with unhealthy alcohol use. Positive consequences should be considered with negative consequences in a decisional balance when intervening on alcohol use among PLWH.
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18
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Falco CA, De Young KP, Livingston NR, Kilwein TM, Looby A. Cannabis Use Is Differentially Associated with Individual Facets of Impulsivity through Expectancy Effects: A Comprehensive Application of the Acquired Preparedness Model. J Psychoactive Drugs 2021; 53:302-311. [PMID: 33588703 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2021.1880034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The acquired preparedness model (APM) posits that the relationship between impulsivity and substance use is mediated by drug effect expectancies. Though the APM has been utilized to explain college student cannabis use, a comprehensive model conceptualizing impulsivity as a multidimensional construct has not been examined. Guided by the APM, the current study examined facets of impulsivity as simultaneous predictors of cannabis use through positive and negative expectancies. College students (N = 478) completed an online survey assessing frequency of past-month cannabis use, facets of impulsivity, and cannabis expectancies. Using a bootstrapped path analysis, five facets of impulsivity were modeled as predictors of past-month cannabis use via positive and negative expectancies. A zero-inflated Poisson distribution was used, wherein dichotomous past-month cannabis use was examined independently of frequency. There was a significant indirect effect of sensation seeking on both increased likelihood and frequency of use through strong positive expectancies. Additionally, both negative and positive urgency were associated with a decreased likelihood of use through stronger negative expectancies, while lack of premeditation was associated with an increased likelihood of use through weaker negative expectancies. These results underscore the importance of examining impulsivity as a multi-dimensional construct in the understanding of college student cannabis use behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin A Falco
- Department of Psychology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Kyle P De Young
- Department of Psychology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | | | - Tess M Kilwein
- Department of Student Affairs, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Alison Looby
- Department of Psychology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
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19
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Stevens AK, Haikalis M, Merrill JE. Unplanned vs. planned drinking: Event-level influences of drinking motives and affect. Addict Behav 2021; 112:106592. [PMID: 32768795 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Problematic alcohol involvement in college students remains a public health concern and identifying factors that promote this consequential behavior as it occurs in daily life is critical. Recent work has found that whether a drinking event is unplanned vs. planned has implications for the risk of negative consequences, though less work has identified fine-grained predictors of these two types of drinking occasions. METHOD The present study examined drinking motives and positive and negative affect as predictors of unplanned vs. planned drinking in a sample of college students who completed 28 days of ecological momentary assessment (N = 96; 72% White; 52% female). We examined drinking motives reported at two points: (1) in real-time upon initiating drinking and (2) after one day of retrospection (collected at the daily diary report assessing the prior day). Positive and negative affect were both assessed in real-time. Generalized linear mixed-effects models disentangling within- and between-person effects were leveraged. RESULTS Drinking "to get high, buzzed, or drunk" - when retrospectively reported for prior-day drinking - exhibited within-person associations with planned drinking, relative to unplanned drinking. This same effect was marginally significant when ascertained in real-time. Individuals with more frequent retrospective endorsement of the motive "to make the day/night more fun" reported more planned drinking. Higher real-time positive affect, but not negative affect, was marginally associated with planned drinking. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide preliminary support that enhancement motives and higher positive affect are related to planned drinking, which may inform the development of momentary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela K Stevens
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
| | - Michelle Haikalis
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Jennifer E Merrill
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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20
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Gire JT, Shaahu AI. Optimistic bias influences hazardous drinking among beer drinkers in Nigeria. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2020.1851410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James T. Gire
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, USA
| | - Alex I. Shaahu
- Josephine Mbatomon Zarah Shaahu Foundation, Makurdi, Nigeria
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21
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Suffoletto B, Field M, Chung T. Attentional and approach biases to alcohol cues among young adult drinkers: An ecological momentary assessment study. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2019; 28:649-658. [PMID: 31886700 PMCID: PMC7326641 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-specific attentional biases (AttB) and approach biases (AppB) are postulated to play a role in alcohol use disorders but their association with drinking in young adults remains unknown. A subsample of young adults with risky alcohol use (N = 296) enrolled in a randomized trial, testing different text message interventions completed weekly tasks via a mobile app for up to 14 weeks: Alcohol Stroop was used to measure AttB and Approach-Avoidance Task was used to measure AppB. Participants also provided reports of their alcohol consumption up to twice per week. We analyzed feasibility of measuring alcohol biases on mobile phones, whether repeated testing and conditions of testing affected mean reaction times (RTs), and whether mean AttB and AppB scores were associated with baseline alcohol use severity and same-day binge drinking (4+/5+ drinks per occasion for women/men). Task completion decreased from 93% on Week 1% to 39% by Week 14 with a mean of 8.2 weeks completed. Mean RTs for Alcohol Stroop decreased over weeks assessed. RTs to Stroop and Approach-Avoid tasks were longer when participants reported distractions or after alcohol and/or drug use. Mean AttB and AppB scores were not associated with baseline drinking, and within-day fluctuations of AttB and AppB scores did not predict same day binge drinking. Barriers to measuring alcohol biases in the natural environment include learning effects, contextual influences of distractions and prior alcohol/drug use, and absence of robust associations of RTs to alcohol cues with either baseline or same-day alcohol consumption. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Suffoletto
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Matt Field
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield
| | - Tammy Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
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22
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Lee CM, Fairlie AM, Ramirez JJ, Patrick ME, Luk JW, Lewis MA. Self-fulfilling prophecies: Documentation of real-world daily alcohol expectancy effects on the experience of specific positive and negative alcohol-related consequences. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2019; 34:327-334. [PMID: 31804099 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol expectancies are consistently associated with alcohol use in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. However, little research has examined whether alcohol expectancies on specific drinking occasions are associated with reported consequences on those days, particularly when controlling for the amount of alcohol consumed, thus differentiating the extent to which reported consequences may have resulted from alcohol or an "expectancy effect." This study examined consequence-specific daily expectancy effects. College students (N = 342; mean age 19.7 [standard deviation (SD) = 1.25], 52.9% female) participated in a longitudinal measurement burst study. During four 2-week intervals, participants used mobile phones to respond to 3 surveys per day via automated telephone interviews. The results showed that on days when college students had higher-than-average expectancies for specific subjective positive consequences (e.g., feeling more relaxed, being in a better mood), they were more likely to report experiencing those same consequences as a result of their alcohol use that day, even after controlling for how much they actually drank on that day. The same held true for subjective interpersonal negative consequences (e.g., becoming aggressive, rude, or obnoxious; embarrassing oneself), but not for less subjective physical/cognitive negative consequences (e.g., having a hangover, vomiting, getting hurt/injured, forgetting). The results suggest that one's expectations about the particular effects of alcohol tend to be self-fulfilling for subjective effects of alcohol even when they are not directly tied to the physiological effects of alcohol. The findings underscore the important role of alcohol expectancies, particularly the expectation of subjective positive social and tension-reduction/relaxation effects, in understanding problematic alcohol use. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Megan E Patrick
- Institute for Translational Research in Children's Mental Health
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23
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Neighbors C, Tomkins MM, Lembo Riggs J, Angosta J, Weinstein AP. Cognitive factors and addiction. Curr Opin Psychol 2019; 30:128-133. [PMID: 31310894 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present paper provides a brief review of cognitive factors related to addiction. Five representative cognitive constructs were selected from the current literature. These include the distinction between implicit and explicit cognitions; metacognitions; expectancies; motives; and social norms. For each of these a general overview is provided along with specific findings from selected recent studies. The intention is to provide the reader with a succinct but reasonable view of how each construct is currently studied in relation to the use of alcohol and other substances and to become aware of some of the strengths and limitations corresponding to the study of these constructs.
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24
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Fairlie AM, Cadigan JM, Patrick ME, Larimer ME, Lee CM. Unplanned Heavy Episodic and High-Intensity Drinking: Daily-Level Associations With Mood, Context, and Negative Consequences. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2019. [PMID: 31250798 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2019.80.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Underestimating how much one will drink has been associated with greater alcohol-related consequences. Elevated mood or drinking context may relate to drinking more than planned (or intended) among college students. The aims of the current study were to test (a) whether positive and negative mood and contextual factors on a given day were associated with the likelihood of unplanned heavy drinking (defined as unplanned heavy episodic or high-intensity drinking), and (b) whether days with unplanned heavy drinking were associated with more negative consequences. METHOD The analytic sample included 352 college students (53.4% female; 71.3% non-Hispanic White) who completed daily assessments via automated telephone interviews. Multilevel models were used to test predictors of unplanned heavy drinking (Aim 1) and predictors of consequences (Aim 2). RESULTS Almost a third (29.60%) of drinking days were unplanned heavy drinking days. Individuals with higher average positive mood across the sampled days had lower odds of unplanned heavy drinking. No significant associations were observed between negative mood and unplanned heavy drinking. Weekend days and days with special occasions were associated with lower odds of unplanned heavy drinking. Unplanned heavy drinking was associated with more negative consequences on that day. CONCLUSIONS Students were frequently not able to accurately predict the amount of alcohol they would consume on that day, which conferred an increased risk of negative consequences. Interventions could incorporate strategies that help students anticipate their alcohol consumption in order to employ protective behavioral strategies in high-risk contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Fairlie
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jennifer M Cadigan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Megan E Patrick
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Institute for Translational Research in Children's Mental Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Mary E Larimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Christine M Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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25
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Fairlie AM, Cadigan JM, Patrick ME, Larimer ME, Lee CM. Unplanned Heavy Episodic and High-Intensity Drinking: Daily-Level Associations With Mood, Context, and Negative Consequences. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2019; 80:331-339. [PMID: 31250798 PMCID: PMC6614925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Underestimating how much one will drink has been associated with greater alcohol-related consequences. Elevated mood or drinking context may relate to drinking more than planned (or intended) among college students. The aims of the current study were to test (a) whether positive and negative mood and contextual factors on a given day were associated with the likelihood of unplanned heavy drinking (defined as unplanned heavy episodic or high-intensity drinking), and (b) whether days with unplanned heavy drinking were associated with more negative consequences. METHOD The analytic sample included 352 college students (53.4% female; 71.3% non-Hispanic White) who completed daily assessments via automated telephone interviews. Multilevel models were used to test predictors of unplanned heavy drinking (Aim 1) and predictors of consequences (Aim 2). RESULTS Almost a third (29.60%) of drinking days were unplanned heavy drinking days. Individuals with higher average positive mood across the sampled days had lower odds of unplanned heavy drinking. No significant associations were observed between negative mood and unplanned heavy drinking. Weekend days and days with special occasions were associated with lower odds of unplanned heavy drinking. Unplanned heavy drinking was associated with more negative consequences on that day. CONCLUSIONS Students were frequently not able to accurately predict the amount of alcohol they would consume on that day, which conferred an increased risk of negative consequences. Interventions could incorporate strategies that help students anticipate their alcohol consumption in order to employ protective behavioral strategies in high-risk contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Fairlie
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jennifer M Cadigan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Megan E Patrick
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Institute for Translational Research in Children's Mental Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Mary E Larimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Christine M Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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