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Devère M, Takhlidjt S, Prévost G, Chartrel N, Leprince J, Picot M. The 26RFa (QRFP)/GPR103 Neuropeptidergic System: A Key Regulator of Energy and Glucose Metabolism. Neuroendocrinology 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38599200 DOI: 10.1159/000538629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and type 2 diabetes are strongly associated pathologies, currently considered as a worldwide epidemic problem. Understanding the mechanisms that drive the development of these diseases would enable to develop new therapeutic strategies for their prevention and treatment. Particularly, the role of the brain in energy and glucose homeostasis has been studied for 2 decades. In specific, the hypothalamus contains well-identified neural networks that regulate appetite and potentially also glucose homeostasis. A new concept has thus emerged, suggesting that obesity and diabetes could be due to a dysfunction of the same, still poorly understood, neural networks. SUMMARY The neuropeptide 26RFa (also termed QRFP) belongs to the family of RFamide regulatory peptides and has been identified as the endogenous ligand of the human G protein-coupled receptor GPR103 (QRFPR). The primary structure of 26RFa is strongly conserved during vertebrate evolution, suggesting its crucial roles in the control of vital functions. Indeed, the 26RFa/GPR103 peptidergic system is reported to be involved in the control of various neuroendocrine functions, notably the control of energy metabolism in which it plays an important role, both centrally and peripherally, since 26RFa regulates feeding behavior, thermogenesis and lipogenesis. Moreover, 26RFa is reported to control glucose homeostasis both peripherally, where it acts as an incretin, and centrally, where the 26RFa/GPR103 system relays insulin signaling in the brain to control glucose metabolism. KEY MESSAGES This review gives a comprehensive overview of the role of the 26RFa/GPR103 system as a key player in the control of energy and glucose metabolism. In a pathophysiological context, this neuropeptidergic system represents a prime therapeutic target whose mechanisms are highly relevant to decipher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélodie Devère
- University Rouen Normandie, Inserm, NorDiC UMR 1239, Normandie University, Rouen, France
| | - Saloua Takhlidjt
- University Rouen Normandie, Inserm, NorDiC UMR 1239, Normandie University, Rouen, France
| | - Gaëtan Prévost
- University Rouen Normandie, Inserm, NorDiC UMR 1239, Normandie University, Rouen, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Rouen Normandie, Inserm, Normandie University, NorDiC UMR 1239, CHU Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Nicolas Chartrel
- University Rouen Normandie, Inserm, NorDiC UMR 1239, Normandie University, Rouen, France
| | - Jérôme Leprince
- University Rouen Normandie, Inserm, NorDiC UMR 1239, Normandie University, Rouen, France
- University Rouen Normandie, Normandie University, INSERM US 51, CNRS UAR 2026, HeRacLeS, Rouen, France
| | - Marie Picot
- University Rouen Normandie, Inserm, NorDiC UMR 1239, Normandie University, Rouen, France
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Elsadek LA, Ellis EK, Seabra G, Paul VJ, Luesch H. Chlorinated Enyne Fatty Acid Amides from a Marine Cyanobacterium: Discovery of Taveuniamides L-M and Pharmacological Characterization of Taveuniamide F as a GPCR Antagonist with CNR1 Selectivity. Mar Drugs 2023; 22:28. [PMID: 38248654 PMCID: PMC10817531 DOI: 10.3390/md22010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
NMR and MS/MS-based metabolomics of a cyanobacterial extract from Piti Bomb Holes, Guam, indicated the presence of unique enyne-containing halogenated fatty acid amides. We isolated three new compounds of this class, taveuniamides L-N (1-3), along with the previously reported taveuniamide F (4), which was the most abundant analog. The planar structures of the new compounds were established using 1D and 2D NMR as well as mass spectrometry. We established the configuration of this chemical class to be R at C-8 via Mosher's analysis of 4 after reduction of the carboxamide group. Our biological investigations with 4 revealed that the compound binds to the cannabinoid receptor CNR1, acting as an antagonist/inverse agonist in the canonical G-protein signaling pathways. In selectivity profiling against 168 GPCR targets using the β-arrestin functional assay, we found that 4 antagonizes GPR119, NPSR1b, CCR9, CHRM4, GPR120, HTR2A, and GPR103, in addition to CNR1. Interestingly, 4 showed a 6.8-fold selectivity for CNR1 over CNR2. The binding mode of 4 to CNR1 was investigated using docking and molecular dynamics simulations with both natural and unnatural stereoisomers, revealing important CNR1 residues for the interaction and also providing a possible reasoning for the observed CNR1/CNR2 selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lobna A. Elsadek
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (L.A.E.); (E.K.E.); (G.S.)
- Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), 1345 Center Drive, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Emma K. Ellis
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (L.A.E.); (E.K.E.); (G.S.)
- Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), 1345 Center Drive, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Gustavo Seabra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (L.A.E.); (E.K.E.); (G.S.)
- Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), 1345 Center Drive, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Valerie J. Paul
- Smithsonian Marine Station, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, FL 34949, USA;
| | - Hendrik Luesch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (L.A.E.); (E.K.E.); (G.S.)
- Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), 1345 Center Drive, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Le Solliec MA, Arabo A, Takhlidjt S, Maucotel J, Devère M, Berrahmoune H, Bénani A, Nedelec E, Lefranc B, Leprince J, Picot M, Chartrel N, Prévost G. Interactions between the regulatory peptide 26RFa (QRFP) and insulin in the regulation of glucose homeostasis in two complementary models: The high fat 26RFa-deficient mice and the streptozotocin insulin-deficient mice. Neuropeptides 2023; 98:102326. [PMID: 36791581 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2023.102326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The regulatory peptide 26RFa (QRFP) is involved in the control of glucose homeostasis at the periphery by acting as an incretin, and in the brain by mediating the central antihyperglycemic effect of insulin, indicating the occurrence of a close relationship between 26RFa and insulin in the regulation of glucose metabolism. Here, we investigated the physiological interactions between 26RFa and insulin in two complementary models i.e. a model of obese/hyperglycemic mice deficient for 26RFa and a model of diabetic mice deficient for insulin. For this, transgenic 26RFa-deficient mice were made obese and chronically hyperglycemic by a 3-month high fat diet (HFD) and second group of mice was made diabetic by destruction of the β cells of the pancreatic islets using a single injection of streptozotocin. Our data reveal that 26RFa deficiency does not impact significantly the "glycemic" phenotype of the HFD mice. The pancreatic islets, liver, white adipose tissue masses are not altered by the lack of 26RFa production but the brown adipose tissue (BAT) weight is significantly increased in these animals. In diabetic insulin-deficient mice, the injection of 26RFa does not exhibit any beneficial effect on the impaired glucose homeostasis characterizing this model. Finally, we show that streptozotocin diabetic mice display lowered plasma 26RFa levels as compared to untreated mice, whereas the expression of the peptide in the duodenum is not affected. Taken together, the present results indicate that dysregulation of glucose homeostasis in obese/hyperglycemic mice is not aggravated by the absence of 26RFa that may be compensated by the increase of BAT mass. In diabetic insulin-deficient mice, the antihypergycemic effect of 26RFa is totally blunted probably as a result of the impaired insulin production characterizing this model, avoiding therefore the action of the peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arnaud Arabo
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM US 31, CNRS UAR 2026, HeRacLeS, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Saloua Takhlidjt
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM UMR 1239, NorDiC, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Julie Maucotel
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM US 31, CNRS UAR 2026, HeRacLeS, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Mélodie Devère
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM UMR 1239, NorDiC, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Hind Berrahmoune
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM UMR 1239, NorDiC, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Alexandre Bénani
- Center for Taste and Feeding Behaviour, CNRS (UMR6265), INRA (UMR1324), AgroSup Dijon, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Nedelec
- Center for Taste and Feeding Behaviour, CNRS (UMR6265), INRA (UMR1324), AgroSup Dijon, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Benjamin Lefranc
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM UMR 1239, NorDiC, F-76000 Rouen, France; Univ Rouen Normandie, Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy (PRIMACEN), F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Jérôme Leprince
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM UMR 1239, NorDiC, F-76000 Rouen, France; Univ Rouen Normandie, Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy (PRIMACEN), F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Marie Picot
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM UMR 1239, NorDiC, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Nicolas Chartrel
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM UMR 1239, NorDiC, F-76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Gaëtan Prévost
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1239, CHU Rouen, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and metabolic diseases, F-76000 Rouen, France
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El Mehdi M, Takhlidjt S, Devère M, Arabo A, Le Solliec MA, Maucotel J, Bénani A, Nedelec E, Duparc C, Lefranc B, Leprince J, Anouar Y, Prévost G, Chartrel N, Picot M. The 26RFa (QRFP)/GPR103 neuropeptidergic system in mice relays insulin signalling into the brain to regulate glucose homeostasis. Diabetologia 2022; 65:1198-1211. [PMID: 35476025 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05706-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS 26RFa (pyroglutamilated RFamide peptide [QRFP]) is a biologically active peptide that regulates glucose homeostasis by acting as an incretin and by increasing insulin sensitivity at the periphery. 26RFa is also produced by a neuronal population localised in the hypothalamus. In this study we investigated whether 26RFa neurons are involved in the hypothalamic regulation of glucose homeostasis. METHODS 26Rfa+/+, 26Rfa-/- and insulin-deficient male C57Bl/6J mice were used in this study. Mice received an acute intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of 26RFa, insulin or the 26RFa receptor (GPR103) antagonist 25e and were subjected to IPGTTs, insulin tolerance tests, acute glucose-stimulated insulin secretion tests and pyruvate tolerance tests (PTTs). Secretion of 26RFa by hypothalamic explants after incubation with glucose, leptin or insulin was assessed. Expression and quantification of the genes encoding 26RFa, agouti-related protein, the insulin receptor and GPR103 were evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR and RNAscope in situ hybridisation. RESULTS Our data indicate that i.c.v.-injected 26RFa induces a robust antihyperglycaemic effect associated with an increase in insulin production by the pancreatic islets. In addition, we found that insulin strongly stimulates 26Rfa expression and secretion by the hypothalamus. RNAscope experiments revealed that neurons expressing 26Rfa are mainly localised in the lateral hypothalamic area, that they co-express the gene encoding the insulin receptor and that insulin induces the expression of 26Rfa in these neurons. Concurrently, the central antihyperglycaemic effect of insulin is abolished in the presence of a GPR103 antagonist and in 26RFa-deficient mice. Finally, our data indicate that the hypothalamic 26RFa neurons are not involved in the central inhibitory effect of insulin on hepatic glucose production, but mediate the central effects of the hormone on its own peripheral production. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION We have identified a novel mechanism in the hypothalamic regulation of glucose homeostasis, the 26RFa/GPR103 system, and we provide evidence that this neuronal peptidergic system is a key relay for the central regulation of glucose metabolism by insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna El Mehdi
- Inserm, U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (DC2N), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Saloua Takhlidjt
- Inserm, U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (DC2N), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Mélodie Devère
- Inserm, U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (DC2N), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Arnaud Arabo
- Department of Biological Resources (SRB), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Marie-Anne Le Solliec
- Inserm, U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (DC2N), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Julie Maucotel
- Department of Biological Resources (SRB), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Alexandre Bénani
- Centre for Taste and Feeding Behaviour, CNRS (UMR6265), INRA (UMR1324), AgroSup Dijon, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Nedelec
- Centre for Taste and Feeding Behaviour, CNRS (UMR6265), INRA (UMR1324), AgroSup Dijon, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Céline Duparc
- Inserm, U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (DC2N), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Benjamin Lefranc
- Inserm, U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (DC2N), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
- Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
| | - Jérôme Leprince
- Inserm, U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (DC2N), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
- Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
| | - Youssef Anouar
- Inserm, U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (DC2N), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Gaëtan Prévost
- Inserm, U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (DC2N), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Nicolas Chartrel
- Inserm, U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (DC2N), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France.
| | - Marie Picot
- Inserm, U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (DC2N), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
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Czerwińska M, Czarzasta K, Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska A. New Peptides as Potential Players in the Crosstalk Between the Brain and Obesity, Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Physiol 2021; 12:692642. [PMID: 34497533 PMCID: PMC8419452 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.692642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization report published in 2016, 650 million people worldwide suffer from obesity, almost three times more than in 1975. Obesity is defined as excessive fat accumulation which may impair health with non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, coronary artery disease, stroke), and some cancers. Despite medical advances, cardiovascular complications are still the leading causes of death arising from obesity. Excessive fat accumulation is caused by the imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. The pathogenesis of this process is complex and not fully understood, but current research is focused on the role of the complex crosstalk between the central nervous system (CNS), neuroendocrine and immune system including the autonomic nervous system, adipose tissue, digestive and cardiovascular systems. Additionally, special attention has been paid to newly discovered substances: neuropeptide 26RFa, preptin, and adropin. It was shown that the above peptides are synthesized both in numerous structures of the CNS and in many peripheral organs and tissues, such as the heart, adipose tissue, and the gastrointestinal tract. Recently, particular attention has been paid to the role of the presented peptides in the pathogenesis of obesity, metabolic and cardiovascular system diseases. This review summarizes the role of newly investigated peptides in the crosstalk between brain and peripheral organs in the pathogenesis of obesity, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Point-Substitution of Phenylalanine Residues of 26RFa Neuropeptide: A Structure-Activity Relationship Study. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144312. [PMID: 34299587 PMCID: PMC8307317 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
26RFa is a neuropeptide that activates the rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptor QRFPR/GPR103. This peptidergic system is involved in the regulation of a wide array of physiological processes including feeding behavior and glucose homeostasis. Herein, the pharmacological profile of a homogenous library of QRFPR-targeting peptide derivatives was investigated in vitro on human QRFPR-transfected cells with the aim to provide possible insights into the structural determinants of the Phe residues to govern receptor activation. Our work advocates to include in next generations of 26RFa(20–26)-based QRFPR agonists effective substitutions for each Phe unit, i.e., replacement of the Phe22 residue by a constrained 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid moiety, and substitution of both Phe24 and Phe26 by their para-chloro counterpart. Taken as a whole, this study emphasizes that optimized modifications in the C-terminal part of 26RFa are mandatory to design selective and potent peptide agonists for human QRFPR.
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Liang J, Liang G, Liu Z, Cai H. Associations of GWAS-Supported Non-MHC Genes with Autoimmune Thyroiditis in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:3017-3026. [PMID: 34234497 PMCID: PMC8257024 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s319630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A genome-wide association study (GWAS) in Caucasian population identified five non-MHC genes (PHTF1, PTPN22, MAGI3, BCL2L15, and QRFPR) associated with risk of the co-occurrence of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) and type 1 diabetes (T1D). The aim of this study is to replicate these associations with AITD in patients with T1D in Chinese Han population. PATIENTS AND METHODS A case-control study was designed. Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) PHTF1 rs1111695, PTPN22 rs1217407, MAGI3 rs2153977, BCL2L15 rs2358994, and QRFPR rs7679475 were genotyped in 489 patients with T1D. Associations between genotypes and AITD risk were analyzed with logistic regression model. RESULTS AITD occurred in 159 (32.5%) patients. When adjusting multiple factors by logistic regression, QRFPR rs7679475 was significantly associated with an increased risk of AITD in T1D patients in codominant model (G/G vs A/A, OR 2.93; 95% CI 1.44-5.96; P = 0.003), dominant model (G/A-G/G vs A/A, OR 1.81; 95% CI 1.17-2.79; P = 0.007) and recessive model (G/G vs A/A-G/A, OR 2.28; 95% CI 1.17-4.43; P = 0.015). Furthermore, we found a significant interaction between rs7679475 and female (P interaction = 0.005). In silico analysis indicated that rs7679475 is located in histone modification marked region and can change the binding of regulatory motifs. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that QRFPR rs7679475 may influence the risk of AITD in patients with T1D in Chinese Han population, and this effect may be modulated by sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Liang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan People’s Hospital, Zhongshan, 528403, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ganxiong Liang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan People’s Hospital, Zhongshan, 528403, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Ganxiong Liang Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan People’s Hospital, 2 East Sunwen Road, Zhongshan, 528403, Guangdong, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-13392926029 Email
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongshan People’s Hospital, Zhongshan, 528403, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Cai
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongshan People’s Hospital, Zhongshan, 528403, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Huan Cai Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongshan People’s Hospital, 2 East Sunwen Road, Zhongshan, 528403, Guangdong, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-18718750210 Email
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El-Mehdi M, Takhlidjt S, Khiar F, Prévost G, do Rego JL, do Rego JC, Benani A, Nedelec E, Godefroy D, Arabo A, Lefranc B, Leprince J, Anouar Y, Chartrel N, Picot M. Glucose homeostasis is impaired in mice deficient in the neuropeptide 26RFa (QRFP). BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e000942. [PMID: 32114486 PMCID: PMC7050347 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION 26RFa (pyroglutamyl RFamide peptide (QRFP)) is a biologically active peptide that has been found to control feeding behavior by stimulating food intake, and to regulate glucose homeostasis by acting as an incretin. The aim of the present study was thus to investigate the impact of 26RFa gene knockout on the regulation of energy and glucose metabolism. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS 26RFa mutant mice were generated by homologous recombination, in which the entire coding region of prepro26RFa was replaced by the iCre sequence. Energy and glucose metabolism was evaluated through measurement of complementary parameters. Morphological and physiological alterations of the pancreatic islets were also investigated. RESULTS Our data do not reveal significant alteration of energy metabolism in the 26RFa-deficient mice except the occurrence of an increased basal metabolic rate. By contrast, 26RFa mutant mice exhibited an altered glycemic phenotype with an increased hyperglycemia after a glucose challenge associated with an impaired insulin production, and an elevated hepatic glucose production. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional immunohistochemical experiments indicate that the insulin content of pancreatic β cells is much lower in the 26RFa-/- mice as compared with the wild-type littermates. CONCLUSION Disruption of the 26RFa gene induces substantial alteration in the regulation of glucose homeostasis, with in particular a deficit in insulin production by the pancreatic islets. These findings further support the notion that 26RFa is an important regulator of glucose homeostasis.
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