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VanEvery H, Pacheco LS, Sun E, Allison MA, Gao X. The impact of avocado intake on anthropometric measures among Hispanic/Latino children and adolescents: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 56:94-103. [PMID: 37344091 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE While the association between avocado consumption and low metabolic risk has been shown in some studies conducted in adults, little is known about the potential effects of avocado consumption on health outcomes in children and adolescents. Thus, we investigated the impact of two levels of avocado allotment, plus a standard nutrition education, on measures of adiposity in children and adolescents (<18 years old). METHODS Children (aged 5-12, n = 58) and adolescents (aged 13-17, n = 32) in seventy-two families that self-identified as Hispanic, with at least 3 members over the age of 5 that resided in the same home, were free of severe chronic disease, and not on specific diets, were randomized to one of two levels of avocado allotment plus bi-weekly nutrition education sessions. Low allotment families received 3 avocados per week, while high allotment families received 14 avocados per week for 6 months. We performed an intention-to-treat analysis, using unpaired, 2-sided t-tests to test the mean changes in anthropometric measures of adiposity (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference, and weight) between children and adolescents from high and low allotment families after the 6-month intervention. RESULTS At six months, there were no significant differences in body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, or waist circumference to weight ratio by avocado allotment group. In children, there was a significant difference in weight (difference in means: 1.10, 95% CI: 0.09, 2.10, p-value = 0.03) and waist circumference to height ratio (difference in means: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.41, p-value <0.01) between the avocado allotment groups at six months, but these did not remain significant after sensitivity analyses including per-protocol analyses. In adolescents only, there was a significant reduction in waist to hip circumference ratio in the high allotment group compared to the low allotment group after 6 months (difference in means: -0.05, 95% CI: -0.08, 0.00, p-value = 0.04) that persisted after multiple sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Different levels of avocado availability among children and adolescents does not appear to result in significant changes in anthropometric measures. Further study is needed to determine whether avocado consumption promotes metabolic health in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah VanEvery
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Lorena S Pacheco
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Sun
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Matthew A Allison
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Tambalis KD, Panagiotakos DB, Psarra G, Sidossis LS. Exclusive olive oil consumption was favorably associated with metabolic indices and lifestyle factors in schoolchildren. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:566-573. [PMID: 32007332 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Olive oil consumption has been suggested to favorably impact children's health. The present study aimed to identify possible associations between exclusive olive oil consumption and metabolic indices and lifestyle factors. METHODS AND RESULTS Cross-sectional, observational study. Population data derived from a health survey on a sample of 177 091 children aged 8-17 years. Olive oil consumption and dietary habits were evaluated using questionnaires (KIDMED index). Anthropometric and physical fitness measurements were obtained by trained investigators. Physical activity (PA) status, screen time and sleeping habits were assessed through self-completed questionnaires. Exclusive olive oil consumption decreased the odds of obesity and increased the odds of healthy cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) by 15% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.75-0.95) and 13% (95% CI: 1.04-1.22), respectively, after adjusting for several covariates. Moreover, exclusive olive oil consumption was associated with increased odds of having sufficient dietary habits (average/optimal adherence to the Mediterranean Diet) by almost four times (95% CI: 3.65-4.45) and decreased odds of insufficient sleep (<8-9 h/d) and increased screen time (>2 h/d) by 20% (95% CI: 0.73-0.87) and 40% (95% CI: 0.48-0.72), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Exclusive olive oil consumption was associated with metabolic indices such as obesity and CRF and a healthy lifestyle profile. The exclusive consumption of olive oil as part of a balanced MD does seem to provide favorable health benefits and should be further promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos D Tambalis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science & Education, Harokopio University, 70 Eleftheriou Venizelou Ave, Athens 17671, Greece
| | - Demosthenes B Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science & Education, Harokopio University, 70 Eleftheriou Venizelou Ave, Athens 17671, Greece
| | - Glykeria Psarra
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science & Education, Harokopio University, 70 Eleftheriou Venizelou Ave, Athens 17671, Greece
| | - Labros S Sidossis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science & Education, Harokopio University, 70 Eleftheriou Venizelou Ave, Athens 17671, Greece; Department of Exercise Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
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High adherence to a mediterranean diet at age 4 reduces overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity incidence in children at the age of 8. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 44:1906-1917. [PMID: 32152497 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-0557-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES A higher adherence to a Mediterranean diet has been shown to be protective against obesity in adults, but the evidence is still inconclusive in children at early ages. Our objective was to explore the association between adherence to Mediterranean Diet at the age of 4 and the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity at 4 years of age, and incidence at the age of 8. SUBJECTS/METHODS We analyzed data from children of the INMA cohort study who attended follow-up visits at age 4 and 8 years (n = 1801 and n = 1527, respectively). Diet was assessed at the age of 4 using a validated food frequency questionnaire. The adherence to MD was evaluated by the relative Mediterranean diet (rMED) score, and categorized as low (0-6), medium (7-10), and high (11-16). Overweight and obesity were defined according to the age-sex specific BMI cutoffs proposed by the International Obesity Task Force, and abdominal obesity as waist circumference >90th percentile. We used Poisson regression models to estimate prevalence ratios at 4 years of age, and Cox regression analysis to estimate hazard ratios (HR) from 4-8 years of age. RESULTS In cross-sectional analyses at the age of 4 no association was observed between adherence to MD and overweight, obesity, or abdominal obesity. In longitudinal analyses, a high adherence to MD at age 4 was associated with lower incidence of overweight (HR = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.21-0.67; p = 0.001), obesity (HR = 0.16; 95% CI: 0.05-0.53; p = 0.002), and abdominal obesity (HR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.12-0.73; p = 0.008) at the age of 8. CONCLUSION This study shows that a high adherence to MD at the age of 4 is associated with a lower risk of developing overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity at age 8. If these results are confirmed by other studies, MD may be recommended to reduce the incidence of obesity at early ages.
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Archero F, Ricotti R, Solito A, Carrera D, Civello F, Di Bella R, Bellone S, Prodam F. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet among School Children and Adolescents Living in Northern Italy and Unhealthy Food Behaviors Associated to Overweight. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1322. [PMID: 30231531 PMCID: PMC6165180 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to evaluate the differences in Mediterranean diet and its components among primary and secondary school children and adolescents living in northern Italy, and the associations with the weight status. Adherence was assessed by the KIDMED (Mediterranean Diet Quality Index) questionnaire on 669 subjects (6⁻16 years) attending five schools of Novara. The adherence was poor in 16.7%, average in 63.7%, and high in 19.6% of the students. Poor adherence was more frequent in primary than in secondary schools (20.7% vs. 13.7%, p < 0.04). Some unhealthy behaviors were more prevalent in younger children. Children of other ethnic origins had a mixed behavior, choosing both traditional healthy and unhealthy foods. Besides male gender and primary school, in Italian children, the risk of overweight was directly associated with eating at fast-food restaurants (OR: 1.890, CI 95% 1.002⁻3.563), and inversely with consumption of vegetables more than once a day (OR: 0.588, CI 95% 0.349⁻0.991), and olive oil at home (OR: 0.382, CI 95% 0.176⁻0.826). In children of other ethnic origins, this risk was associated with skipping breakfast (OR: 16.046, CI 95% 1.933⁻133.266), or consuming commercial baked good or pastries for breakfast (OR: 10.255, CI 95% 1.052⁻99.927). The overall KIDMED score correlated with height (β: 0.108; p < 0.005). Poor food quality is replacing the Mediterranean dietary pattern in children and adolescents, in particular among younger children. Because the risk of overweight was associated with different components of the Mediterranean diet depending on ethnic origins, tailored nutritional programs remain a need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Archero
- SCDU of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Roberta Ricotti
- SCDU of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Arianna Solito
- SCDU of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Deborah Carrera
- SCDO of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Federica Civello
- SCDU of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Rosina Di Bella
- SCDU of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Simonetta Bellone
- SCDU of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy.
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Flavia Prodam
- SCDU of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy.
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy.
- Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy.
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Gillio-Meina C, Zielke HR, Fraser DD. Translational Research in Pediatrics IV: Solid Tissue Collection and Processing. Pediatrics 2016; 137:peds.2015-0490. [PMID: 26659457 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2015-0490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid tissues are critical for child-health research. Specimens are commonly obtained at the time of biopsy/surgery or postmortem. Research tissues can also be obtained at the time of organ retrieval for donation or from tissue that would otherwise have been discarded. Navigating the ethics of solid tissue collection from children is challenging, and optimal handling practices are imperative to maximize tissue quality. Fresh biopsy/surgical specimens can be affected by a variety of factors, including age, gender, BMI, relative humidity, freeze/thaw steps, and tissue fixation solutions. Postmortem tissues are also vulnerable to agonal factors, body storage temperature, and postmortem intervals. Nonoptimal tissue handling practices result in nucleotide degradation, decreased protein stability, artificial posttranslational protein modifications, and altered lipid concentrations. Tissue pH and tryptophan levels are 2 methods to judge the quality of solid tissue collected for research purposes; however, the RNA integrity number, together with analyses of housekeeping genes, is the new standard. A comprehensive clinical data set accompanying all tissue samples is imperative. In this review, we examined: the ethical standards relating to solid tissue procurement from children; potential sources of solid tissues; optimal practices for solid tissue processing, handling, and storage; and reliable markers of solid tissue quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gillio-Meina
- Translational Research Centre, London, Ontario, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Douglas D Fraser
- Translational Research Centre, London, Ontario, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Critical Illness Research, Critical Care Medicine and Pediatrics, Clinical Neurologic Sciences, and Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Funtikova AN, Navarro E, Bawaked RA, Fíto M, Schröder H. Impact of diet on cardiometabolic health in children and adolescents. Nutr J 2015; 14:118. [PMID: 26574072 PMCID: PMC4647337 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-015-0107-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The manifestation of cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, and particularly obesity begins in children and adolescents, with deleterious effects for cardiometabolic health at adulthood. Although the impact of diet on cardiovascular risk factors has been studied extensively in adults, showing that their cardiometabolic health is strongly lifestyle-dependent, less is known about this impact in children and adolescents. In particular, little is known about the relationship between their dietary patterns, especially when derived a posteriori, and cardiovascular risk. An adverse association of cardiovascular health and increased intake of sodium, saturated fat, meat, fast food and soft drinks has been reported in this population. In contrast, vitamin D, fiber, mono-and poly-unsaturated fatty acids, dairy, fruits and vegetables were positively linked to cardiovascular health. The aim of this review was to summarize current epidemiological and experimental evidence on the impact of nutrients, foods, and dietary pattern on cardiometabolic health in children and adolescents. A comprehensive review of the literature available in English and related to diet and cardiometabolic health in this population was undertaken via the electronic databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Medline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna N Funtikova
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Food and Nutrition PhD program, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estanislau Navarro
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rowaedh Ahmed Bawaked
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedicine PhD program, University of Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fíto
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helmut Schröder
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
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7
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Does cooking with vegetable oils increase the risk of chronic diseases?: a systematic review. Br J Nutr 2015; 113 Suppl 2:S36-48. [PMID: 26148920 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514002931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Overweight/obesity, CVD and type 2 diabetes are strongly associated with nutritional habits. High consumption of fried foods might increase the risk of these disorders. However, it is not clear whether the use of vegetables oils for cooking increases the risk of chronic diseases. We systematically searched for published studies that assessed the association between vegetable oil consumption including fried food consumption and the risk of overweight/obesity or weight gain, T2DM or the metabolic syndrome, and CVD or hypertension in the following databases: PubMed; Web of Science; Google Scholar. Keywords such as 'fried food' or 'vegetable oil' or 'frying' or 'frying oils' or 'dietary fats' and 'weight gain' or 'overweight' or 'obesity' or 'CHD' or 'CVD' or 'type 2 diabetes' or 'metabolic syndrome' were used in the primary search. Additional published reports were obtained through other sources. A total of twenty-three publications were included based on specific selection criteria. Based on the results of the studies included in the present systematic review, we conclude that (1) the myth that frying foods is generally associated with a higher risk of CVD is not supported by the available evidence; (2) virgin olive oil significantly reduces the risk of CVD clinical events, based on the results of a large randomised trial that included as part of the intervention the recommendation to use high amounts of virgin olive oil, also for frying foods; and (3) high consumption of fried foods is probably related to a higher risk of weight gain, though the type of oil may perhaps modify this association.
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A Simple and Effective Mass Spectrometric Approach to Identify the Adulteration of the Mediterranean Diet Component Extra-Virgin Olive Oil with Corn Oil. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:20896-912. [PMID: 26340625 PMCID: PMC4613234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160920896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) with its nutraceutical characteristics substantially contributes as a major nutrient to the health benefit of the Mediterranean diet. Unfortunately, the adulteration of EVOO with less expensive oils (e.g., peanut and corn oils), has become one of the biggest source of agricultural fraud in the European Union, with important health implications for consumers, mainly due to the introduction of seed oil-derived allergens causing, especially in children, severe food allergy phenomena. In this regard, revealing adulterations of EVOO is of fundamental importance for health care and prevention reasons, especially in children. To this aim, effective analytical methods to assess EVOO purity are necessary. Here, we propose a simple, rapid, robust and very sensitive method for non-specialized mass spectrometric laboratory, based on the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) coupled to unsupervised hierarchical clustering (UHC), principal component (PCA) and Pearson's correlation analyses, to reveal corn oil (CO) adulterations in EVOO at very low levels (down to 0.5%).
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Nasreddine L, Naja F, Akl C, Chamieh MC, Karam S, Sibai AM, Hwalla N. Dietary, lifestyle and socio-economic correlates of overweight, obesity and central adiposity in Lebanese children and adolescents. Nutrients 2014; 6:1038-62. [PMID: 24618510 PMCID: PMC3967177 DOI: 10.3390/nu6031038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Eastern Mediterranean region is characterized by one of the highest burdens of paediatric obesity worldwide. This study aims at examining dietary, lifestyle, and socio-economic correlates of overweight, obesity, and abdominal adiposity amongst children and adolescents in Lebanon, a country of the Eastern Mediterranean basin. A nationally representative cross-sectional survey was conducted on 6-19-year-old subjects (n = 868). Socio-demographic, lifestyle, dietary, and anthropometric data (weight, height, waist circumference) were collected. Overweight and obesity were defined based on BMI z-scores. Elevated waist circumference (WC) and elevated waist to height ratio (WHtR) were used as indices of abdominal obesity. Of the study sample, 34.8% were overweight, 13.2% were obese, 14.0% had elevated WC, and 21.3% had elevated WHtR. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that male gender, maternal employment, residence in the capital Beirut, sedentarity, and higher consumption of fast food and sugar sweetened beverages were associated with increased risk of obesity, overweight, and abdominal adiposity, while regular breakfast consumption, higher intakes of milk/dairies and added fats/oils were amongst the factors associated with decreased risk. The study's findings call for culture-specific intervention strategies for the promotion of physical activity, healthy lifestyle, and dietary practices amongst Lebanese children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Nasreddine
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon.
| | - Farah Naja
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon.
| | - Christelle Akl
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon.
| | - Marie Claire Chamieh
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon.
| | - Sabine Karam
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon.
| | - Abla-Mehio Sibai
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon.
| | - Nahla Hwalla
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon.
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10
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Soriguer F, García-Escobar E, Morcillo S, García-Fuentes E, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Olveira G, Rojo-Martínez G. Mediterranean diet and the Spanish paradox. A hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2013; 80:150-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Haro-Mora JJ, Garcia-Escobar E, Porras N, Alcazar D, Gaztambide J, Ruiz-Orpez A, Garcia-Serrano S, Gomez-Zumaquero JM, Garcia-Fuentes E, Lopez-Siguero JP, Soriguer F, Rojo-Martinez G. Adipose tissue characteristics related to weight z-score in childhood. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2013; 11:82-7. [PMID: 23825978 PMCID: PMC3693669 DOI: 10.5812/ijem.8744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity has grown very fast over recent decades and now it represents a serious public health problem. The number of adipocytes is set in childhood and adolescence and then, an effective understanding of the development of adipose tissue during these periods will help in the prevention of this pathology. OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to determine which adipose tissue characteristics are related to a high weight Z-score in childhood. PATIENTS AND METHODS The current study included 82 children aged 5-130 months who underwent inguinal hernia surgery. Anthropometric variables were measured, and a nutritional and physical activity questionnaire was completed. Subcutaneous adipose tissue samples, taken during the operation, were analyzed for preadipocyte number, adipocyte volume, fatty acid composition (gas chromatography of FAME), and relative gene expression of various genes (real time PCR). RESULTS The results showed that children with a higher weight Z-score spend more time in sedentary activities and less time running or involved in active games. SCD-1 activity index, arachidonic/linoleic index, and adipocyte volume were significantly higher in children with a weight Z-score greater than 0. The preadipocyte number and the genetic expression of the studied genes did not differ between the groups. A multiple regression analysis was done to determine which variables were related to the weight Z-score. R2 values indicated that the model which included adipocyte volume, SREBP-1c, SCD-1 expression, and activity index, predicted 59% of the variability in the weight Z-score among the children. The main variables associated with adipocyte volume were PPARγ, Adiponectin, CB1R expressions, as well as the SCD-1 activity and normalized weight. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that in childhood, the weight Z-score is related to adipocyte volume and adipose tissue gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jesus Haro-Mora
- Carlos Haya Hospital, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Research Laboratory, Malaga, Spain
- Health Institute Carlos III, CIBERDEM, CB07/08/0019, Malaga, Spain
- Corresponding author: Juan Jesus Haro-Mora, Research Laboratory, Hall 5, basement. Civil Hospital, Civil Hospital Pl, 29009 Malaga, Spain, Tel.: +34-951290226, Fax: +34-952286704, E-mail:
| | - Eva Garcia-Escobar
- Carlos Haya Hospital, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Research Laboratory, Malaga, Spain
- Health Institute Carlos III, CIBERDEM, CB07/08/0019, Malaga, Spain
| | - Nuria Porras
- Carlos Haya Hospital, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Research Laboratory, Malaga, Spain
- Health Institute Carlos III, CIBERDEM, CB07/08/0019, Malaga, Spain
| | - Dolores Alcazar
- Maternal and Child Hospital of Malaga, Pediatric Surgery Department, Malaga, Spain
| | - Joaquin Gaztambide
- Maternal and Child Hospital of Malaga, Pediatric Surgery Department, Malaga, Spain
| | - Antonio Ruiz-Orpez
- Maternal and Child Hospital of Malaga, Pediatric Surgery Department, Malaga, Spain
| | - Sara Garcia-Serrano
- Carlos Haya Hospital, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Research Laboratory, Malaga, Spain
- Health Institute Carlos III, CIBERDEM, CB07/08/0019, Malaga, Spain
| | - Juan M. Gomez-Zumaquero
- Carlos Haya Hospital, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Research Laboratory, Malaga, Spain
- Health Institute Carlos III, CIBERDEM, CB07/08/0019, Malaga, Spain
| | - Eduardo Garcia-Fuentes
- Carlos Haya Hospital, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Research Laboratory, Malaga, Spain
- Health Institute Carlos III, CIBEROBN, CB06/03/0060 Malaga, Spain
| | - Juan P Lopez-Siguero
- Maternal and Child Hospital of Malaga, Pediatric endocrinology Department, Malaga, Spain
| | - Federico Soriguer
- Carlos Haya Hospital, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Research Laboratory, Malaga, Spain
- Health Institute Carlos III, CIBERDEM, CB07/08/0019, Malaga, Spain
| | - Gemma Rojo-Martinez
- Carlos Haya Hospital, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Research Laboratory, Malaga, Spain
- Health Institute Carlos III, CIBERDEM, CB07/08/0019, Malaga, Spain
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