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Hajhashemy Z, Ziaei R, Askari G, Saneei P. Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Is Associated With Prediabetes, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Insulin Resistance in Children: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Epidemiologic Studies. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae060. [PMID: 38894627 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Although several investigations have been conducted on the association between serum vitamin D levels and prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in children and adolescents, their findings are inconsistent. OBJECTIVE We conducted a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis to summarize this subject. DATA SOURCES The electronic databases of ISI Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and motor engineering of Google Scholar were comprehensively searched up to May 2023. DATA EXTRACTION Epidemiologic studies that investigated the risk of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in relation to serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in children and adolescents were included. DATA ANALYSIS Twenty-two investigations, with a total of 38 622 participants, were systematically reviewed. Meta-analysis of 15 studies (n = 32 720 participants) showed that participants with the highest serum vitamin D levels had 42% lower risk of hyperglycemia, compared with those in the lowest category of serum vitamin D levels (relative risk [RR] = 0.58; 95%CI, 0.48, 0.71). Moreover, pooling 8 studies (n = 10 465 participants) illustrated that highest serum vitamin D level was associated with a 44% lower risk of insulin resistance compared with the lowest serum vitamin D level (RR = 0.56; 95%CI, 0.37, 0.83). Based on linear dose-response analysis, each 10 nmol/L increment in serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D was associated with a 6% decreased risk of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in children. Furthermore, nonlinear dose-response analysis revealed that increasing serum vitamin D concentration from 40 nmol/L to sufficient values (>50 nmol/L) was associated with a decreasing trend in risk of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis revealed inverse associations between serum vitamin D levels and hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in children and adolescents, in a dose-response manner. Increasing serum vitamin D concentration from 40 nmol/L to sufficient values (>50 nmol/L) was associated with a decreasing trend in hyperglycemia and insulin resistance risk. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023458155.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hajhashemy
- Students' Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Rahele Ziaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Parvane Saneei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
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Hajhashemy Z, Tirani SA, Askari G, Saneei P. The association between serum vitamin D levels and abnormal lipid profile in pediatrics: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae020. [PMID: 38568958 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Several studies have investigated the relationship between serum vitamin D and dyslipidemia in children and adolescents, but the findings have been contradictory. OBJECTIVE The current systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis investigated the serum vitamin D - dyslipidemia relationship in children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES ISI Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE databases, and Google Scholar, were searched up to December 2022. DATA EXTRACTION Observational studies that investigated the odds of dyslipidemia in categories of serum vitamin D levels in children were included, and their data were extracted. DATA ANALYSIS Pooling of 17 effect sizes from 15 studies (39 342 participants) showed that subjects with higher serum vitamin D had 27% lower odds of hypertriglyceridemia (odds ratio [OR] = 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.60, 0.88). A meta-analysis of 18 effect sizes from 16 studies (39 718 participants) illustrated that highest vs lowest serum vitamin D was related to 22% lower odds of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) (OR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.91). Also, a nonlinear association between serum vitamin D and odds of abnormal lipid profile was found: elevating values of 25-hydroxyvitamin D from 35 nmol/L to 55 nmol/L was associated with a decreasing trend in odds of hypertriglyceridemia, hyper low-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hypo HDL-cholesterolemia. However, no significant linear association was observed. Based on the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE), the certainty of all evidence was rated as high. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis revealed that the level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was inversely related to odds of abnormal serum triglycerides and HDL-c in children and adolescents. Increasing serum vitamin D from 35 nmol/L to 55 nmol/L was associated with a decreasing trend in the odds of abnormal serum triglycerides, HDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total cholesterol in children. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. 42023400787.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hajhashemy
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Amani Tirani
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvane Saneei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Aslan E, Sert A, Buyukinan M, Pirgon MO, Kurku H, Yılmaz H, Odabas D. Left and right ventricular function by echocardiography, tissue doppler imaging, carotid intima media thickness, and asymmetric dimethylarginine levels in female adolescents with vitamin D deficiency. Cardiol Young 2024; 34:105-112. [PMID: 37226488 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951123001257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of our study was to assess left and right ventricle systolic and diastolic functions in female adolescents with vitamin D deficiency using conventional echocardiography and pulsed-wave tissue Doppler imaging and to investigate carotid intima media thickness and asymmetric dimethylarginine levels. METHODS Sixty-six female adolescents were enrolled in this study. The female adolescents were divided into a vitamin D deficiency group (n: 34) and a control group (n: 32). All subjects underwent laboratory blood tests, including asymmetric dimethyl arginine, complete two-dimensional, pulse, and tissue Doppler echocardiography, and measurement of the carotid intima-media thickness. RESULTS The vitamin D-deficient female adolescent group had normal left and right ventricle systolic and diastolic functions and normal global systolic and diastolic myocardial performance. In the patients with vitamin D deficiency, the carotid intima-media thickness was higher than that in the controls. In the patients within the vitamin D deficiency group, vitamin D was found to be positively correlated with magnesium and negatively correlated with phosphorus and left atrial dimension. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrate that vitamin D deficiency in female adolescence is associated with normal myocardial geometry and function. Although it has been associated with normal levels of asymmetric dimethyl arginine concentration, high measured carotid intima-media thickness may reflect endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyup Aslan
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Denizli State Hospital, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Sert
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Muammer Buyukinan
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Health Sciences, Konya City Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ozgur Pirgon
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Kurku
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences, Konya City Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Hakan Yılmaz
- Department of Radiology, University of Health Sciences, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Dursun Odabas
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey
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Antonucci R, Vacca N, Biasia B, Locci C, Dore MP, Pes GM, Bitti A. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic and Associated Restrictions on Vitamin D Status in a Large Cohort of Italian Children and Adolescents. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 60:65. [PMID: 38256326 PMCID: PMC10819361 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin upon sunlight exposure, showing variations with season and latitude. We aimed to investigate the influence of age, sex, and season on vitamin D status in a large pediatric cohort during the COVID-19 pandemic period and the corresponding pre-pandemic period. Materials and Methods: Retrospective data concerning subjects aged < 18 years were extracted anonymously from the large database of a reference laboratory hospital (Sassari, Northern Sardinia, Italy). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels measured during the pre-pandemic period (1 March 2018 to 30 September 2019) were compared with those detected during the pandemic period (1 March 2020 to 30 September 2021). Results: A total of 2317 samples from subjects aged < 18 years were included in the analysis, 1303 (47.9% females) of which were collected in the pre-pandemic period and 1014 (51.3% females) in the pandemic period. No significant differences in 25(OH)D levels were found between the two periods, whereas, in children aged < 2 years, levels were higher than those in children aged 11-16 years (p < 0.05). Monthly levels of 25(OH)D between pre-pandemic and pandemic periods did not differ, although significant differences were detected across months (p < 0.0001). Similarly, 25(OH)D values did not differ significantly between males and females in both periods. Marked seasonal variations were observed in males and females across all age groups. Conclusions: Serum vitamin D levels and their season-related variations were not significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions in a large cohort of Italian children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Antonucci
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Nadia Vacca
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Beatrice Biasia
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Cristian Locci
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Dore
- Internal Medicine Section, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy (G.M.P.)
| | - Giovanni Mario Pes
- Internal Medicine Section, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy (G.M.P.)
| | - Angela Bitti
- Laboratory of Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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Carullo N, Zicarelli M, Michael A, Faga T, Battaglia Y, Pisani A, Perticone M, Costa D, Ielapi N, Coppolino G, Bolignano D, Serra R, Andreucci M. Childhood Obesity: Insight into Kidney Involvement. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17400. [PMID: 38139229 PMCID: PMC10743690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This review examines the impact of childhood obesity on the kidney from an epidemiological, pathogenetic, clinical, and pathological perspective, with the aim of providing pediatricians and nephrologists with the most current data on this topic. The prevalence of childhood obesity and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is steadily increasing worldwide, reaching epidemic proportions. While the impact of obesity in children with CKD is less pronounced than in adults, recent studies suggest a similar trend in the child population. This is likely due to the significant association between obesity and the two leading causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD): diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension. Obesity is a complex, systemic disease that reflects interactions between environmental and genetic factors. A key mechanism of kidney damage is related to metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. Therefore, we can speculate about an adipose tissue-kidney axis in which neurohormonal and immunological mechanisms exacerbate complications resulting from obesity. Adipose tissue, now recognized as an endocrine organ, secretes cytokines called adipokines that may induce adaptive or maladaptive responses in renal cells, leading to kidney fibrosis. The impact of obesity on kidney transplant-related outcomes for both donors and recipients is also significant, making stringent preventive measures critical in the pre- and post-transplant phases. The challenge lies in identifying renal involvement as early as possible, as it is often completely asymptomatic and not detectable through common markers of kidney function. Ongoing research into innovative technologies, such as proteomics and metabolomics, aims to identify new biomarkers and is constantly evolving. Many aspects of pediatric disease progression in the population of children with obesity still require clarification. However, the latest scientific evidence in the field of nephrology offers glimpses into various new perspectives, such as genetic factors, comorbidities, and novel biomarkers. Investigating these aspects early could potentially improve the prognosis of these young patients through new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Hence, the aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive exploration of the pathogenetic mechanisms and prevalent pathological patterns of kidney damage observed in children with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazareno Carullo
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.C.); (M.Z.); (A.M.); (T.F.); (G.C.)
| | - Mariateresa Zicarelli
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.C.); (M.Z.); (A.M.); (T.F.); (G.C.)
| | - Ashour Michael
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.C.); (M.Z.); (A.M.); (T.F.); (G.C.)
| | - Teresa Faga
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.C.); (M.Z.); (A.M.); (T.F.); (G.C.)
| | - Yuri Battaglia
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy;
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Department of Public Health, University Federico II of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Maria Perticone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.P.); (D.C.); (D.B.)
| | - Davide Costa
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.P.); (D.C.); (D.B.)
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), “Magna Graecia” University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Nicola Ielapi
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), “Magna Graecia” University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Disease, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Coppolino
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.C.); (M.Z.); (A.M.); (T.F.); (G.C.)
| | - Davide Bolignano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.P.); (D.C.); (D.B.)
| | - Raffaele Serra
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.P.); (D.C.); (D.B.)
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), “Magna Graecia” University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Michele Andreucci
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.C.); (M.Z.); (A.M.); (T.F.); (G.C.)
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Stounbjerg NG, Mølgaard C, Cashman KD, Michaelsen KF, Damsgaard CT. Vitamin D status of 3-year-old children in Denmark: determinants and associations with bone mineralisation and blood lipids. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:1441-1451. [PMID: 36637493 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03084-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Low vitamin D status is a global problem and has been associated with reduced skeletal and cardiometabolic health. However, evidence in young children is lacking. We, therefore, aimed to characterise vitamin D status in toddlers, identify its determinants, and explore if vitamin D status was associated with bone mineralisation and lipid profile. METHODS We used cross-sectional data from 3-year-old children (n = 323) living in Denmark (latitude: 55°N). Bone mineralisation (n = 108) was measured by DXA. Blood samples were analysed for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (s-25(OH)D) by LC-MS/MS, triacylglycerol, and total, low- and high density lipoprotein cholesterol. RESULTS Mean ± SD s-25(OH)D was 69 ± 23 nmol/L, but varied with season. During winter, 38% had inadequate s-25(OH)D (< 50 nmol), whereof 15% had deficiency (< 30 nmol/L); these numbers were only 7 and 1% during summer. In terms of status determinants, supplement use (66% were users) was associated with s-25(OH)D (P < 0.001), whereas dietary vitamin D intake (median [25-75th percentile] of 1.3 [0.9-1.9] µg/d), sex, parental education, BMI, and physical activity were not. There were no associations between s-25(OH)D and blood lipids or bone measurements, using either unadjusted or adjusted regression models. CONCLUSION More than 1/3 of Danish toddlers had inadequate vitamin D intake during winter, but acceptable mean vitamin D status. In addition to season, supplement use was the main determinant of vitamin D status, which was, however, not associated with bone mineralisation or lipid profile. The results support recommendations of vitamin D supplements during winter at northern latitudes, but potential health effects need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna G Stounbjerg
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Christian Mølgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Kevin D Cashman
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kim F Michaelsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Camilla T Damsgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Renke G, Starling-Soares B, Baesso T, Petronio R, Aguiar D, Paes R. Effects of Vitamin D on Cardiovascular Risk and Oxidative Stress. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030769. [PMID: 36771474 PMCID: PMC9920542 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vitamin D has been primarily studied as an important factor influencing bone and calcium metabolism. Metabolites of vitamin D are essential for whole-body calcium homeostasis, maintaining serum calcium levels within a narrow range by regulating this process in the bones and gut. Nevertheless, its deficiency is also related to increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), metabolic syndrome (MS), and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-with increased visceral adipose tissue and body mass index (BMI), as well as the frequently associated hypercholesterolemia. It has been reported that vitamin D levels are inversely related to cardiovascular (CV) risk in men and women. However, the effects of vitamin D on distinct outcomes in women and the dose of supplementation needed to improve clinical endpoints have not been established. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] reduces systemic inflammatory mediators in CVD and favors the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines from the immune system. In addition, 25(OH)D can be primarily converted into calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D]) in the kidneys through the action of the 1-α-hydroxylase enzyme. Calcitriol, through the downregulation mechanism of renin expression, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activity, and its interaction with the vitamin D receptor, can bring CV benefits. The calcitriol form also lowers parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels by indirectly causing a reduction in aldosterone and mineralocorticoid synthesis. Elevated plasma aldosterone is related to endothelial dysfunction and CVD in hypovitaminosis D status. CONCLUSION Vitamin D supplementation may benefit certain risk groups, as it improves metabolic variables, reducing oxidative stress and CV outcomes. More studies are needed to define interventions with vitamin D in men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Renke
- National Institute of Cardiology, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
- Nutrindo Ideais Performance and Nutrition Research Center, Rio de Janeiro 22640-100, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-2197-6959-339
| | | | - Thomaz Baesso
- Nutrindo Ideais Performance and Nutrition Research Center, Rio de Janeiro 22640-100, Brazil
| | - Rayssa Petronio
- Nutrindo Ideais Performance and Nutrition Research Center, Rio de Janeiro 22640-100, Brazil
| | - Danilo Aguiar
- Nutrindo Ideais Performance and Nutrition Research Center, Rio de Janeiro 22640-100, Brazil
| | - Raphaela Paes
- Nutrindo Ideais Performance and Nutrition Research Center, Rio de Janeiro 22640-100, Brazil
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Hussein AS, Hashem AH, Salem SS. Mitigation of the hyperglycemic effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes albino rats using biosynthesized copper oxide nanoparticles. Biomol Concepts 2023; 14:bmc-2022-0037. [PMID: 38230658 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2022-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder described by compromised insulin synthesis or resistance to insulin inside the human body. Diabetes is a persistent metabolic condition defined by elevated amounts of glucose in the bloodstream, resulting in a range of potential consequences. The main purpose of this study was to find out how biosynthesized copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) affect the blood sugar levels of diabetic albino rats induced by streptozotocin (STZ). In the current study, CuONPs were successfully biosynthesized using Saccharomyes cervisiae using an eco-friendly method. Characterization results revealed that biosynthesized CuONPs appeared at 376 nm with a spherical shape with sizes ranging from 4 to 47.8 nm. Furthermore, results illustrated that administration of 0.5 and 5 mg/kg CuONP in diabetic rats showed a significant decrease in blood glucose levels accompanied by elevated insulin levels when compared to the diabetic control group; however, administration of 0.5 mg/kg is the best choice for diabetic management. Furthermore, it was found that the group treated with CuONPs exhibited a noteworthy elevation in the HDL-C level, along with a depletion in triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-C, and VLDL-cholesterol levels compared to the diabetic control group. This study found that administration of CuONPs reduced hyperglycemia and improved pancreatic function as well as dyslipidemia in diabetic rats exposed to STZ, suggesting their potential as a promising therapeutic agent for diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Saber Hussein
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Amr H Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Salem S Salem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
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Gou H, Wang Y, Liu Y, Peng C, He W, Sun X. Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation on child and adolescent overweight/obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182:255-264. [PMID: 36305951 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-022-04673-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The global prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents has been increasing. Child and adolescent overweight/obesity has been demonstrated to be partially associated with vitamin D deficiency. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation on child and adolescent overweight/obesity. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of science were searched from inception to June 20th, 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the efficacy of vitamin D on child and adolescent overweight/obesity were included. The Cochrane bias risk assessment tool was used to assess the bias risk of included studies, and subgroup analysis was conducted based on different administration dosages. All data-analyses were performed using R 4.2.1. There were 1502 articles retrieved, and 10 eligible studies were finally included, with a total of 595 participants. Meta-analysis showed no differences in LDL, TC, TG, BMI, ALP, Ca, and PTH between vitamin-D (Vit-D) group and placebo, while Vit-D group resulted in improved HOMA-IR[WMD = - 0.348, 95%CI (- 0.477, - 0.219), p = 0.26]. Subgroup-analysis showed no significant difference in the increase of 25-(OH)-D between subgroups (p = 0.39), whereas the serum 25-(OH)-D level was increased under different Vit-D doses [WMD = 6.973, 95%CI (3.072, 10.873)]. High daily dose (≥ 4000 IU/d) of Vit-D might decrease CRP and increase HDL levels. Conclusion: High dose of Vit-D supplementation (over 4000 IU/d) would reduce several cardiometabolic risk indicators and improve insulin resistance. More high-quality and large-scale RCTs are needed to provide more robust evidence. What is Known: • Vit-D deficiency is common in overweight/obesity (OW/OB) children and adolescents. • Previous randomized studies on the benefit of Vit-D supplementation to OW/OB children and adolescents are inconsistent. What is New: • This is the first meta-analysis conducted to assess the efficacy of Vit-D supplementation on child and adolescent OW/OB. • High dose of Vit-D supplementation is beneficial to cardiovascular metabolism, and improve insulin resistance on child and adolescent OW/OB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Gou
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Emergency, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cai Peng
- Department of Emergency, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weijia He
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangjuan Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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Durá-Travé T, Gallinas-Victoriano F. Vitamin D status and parathyroid hormone assessment in girls with central precocious puberty. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:2069-2075. [PMID: 35750999 PMCID: PMC9525390 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01838-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to analyze vitamin D status and PTH concentrations in 6- to 8-year-old girls with central precocious puberty. METHODS A cross-sectional clinical and blood testing study (calcium, phosphorus, 25(OH)D and PTH) was carried out in 78 girls with central precocious puberty (CPP group), aged 6.1-7.9 years. A control group was recruited (137 prepubertal girls, aged 6.1-8.2 years). The criteria of the US Endocrine Society were used for the definition of hypovitaminosis D. RESULTS There were no significant differences in vitamin D status between both groups. There were no significant differences in 25(OH)D concentrations between CPP (25.4 ± 8.6 ng/mL) and control groups (28.2 ± 7.4 ng/mL). In contrast, PHT concentrations in CPP group (44.8 ± 16.3 pg/mL) were higher (p < 0.05) with respect to control group (31.0 ± 11.9 ng/mL). In CPP group, there was a positive correlation (p < 0.05) between PTH concentrations and growth rate, bone age, and basal estradiol, basal FSH, basal LH and LH peak concentrations. CONCLUSION Vitamin D status in 6- to 8-year-old girls with CPP is similar to that in prepubertal girls. PTH concentrations were significantly higher in girls with CPP, and this could be considered as a physiological characteristic of puberty and, in this case, of pubertal precocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Durá-Travé
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Avenue Irunlarrea, 4, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Hospital Complex, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarrabiomed (Biomedical Research Center), Pamplona, Spain
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11
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Shulhai AM, Pavlyshyn H, Oleksandra S, Furdela V. The association between vitamin D deficiency and metabolic syndrome in Ukrainian adolescents with overweight and obesity. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2022; 27:113-120. [PMID: 34793670 PMCID: PMC9260373 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2142158.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This work aims to determine the association between vitamin D deficiency and metabolic syndrome in overweight and obese adolescents from Ukraine. METHODS Anthropometric measurements were taken and general and biochemical examinations were performed on 136 obese and overweight adolescents and 60 adolescents with normal body weight. The vitamin D status was determined using 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) (calcidiol) levels in blood serum. To establish the factors influencing vitamin D status, the subjects were asked to answer a questionnaire and 2007 International Diabetes Federation diagnostic criteria were used to determine the incidence of metabolic syndrome. All research results were processed statistically. RESULTS A calcidiol sufficiency level was found in 3.9% of obese adolescents and 6.7% of overweight adolescents. Metabolic syndrome was found in 64.4% of obese adolescents with vitamin D deficiency, and in 26.2% of overweight adolescents. Factors associated with an increased risk of developing vitamin D deficiency in adolescents with metabolic syndrome included male sex (p=0.042), low income per family member (p=0.040), daily milk consumption of up to 1 cup per day (p=0.001), physical activity (p=0.001), duration of outdoor stays (p=0.001), and passive rest in front of a computer or television (p=0.001). Adolescents with metabolic syndrome were found predominance of body mass index (p<0.001), waist circumference (p<0.001), fasting blood glucose level (Р<0.001), and decreased calcidiol level (p=0.022). Among metabolic syndrome components, vitamin D deficiency was strongly associated with waist circumference and increased fasting blood glucose (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in overweight and obese adolescents from Ukraine. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with metabolic syndrome criteria in overweight and obese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Mariia Shulhai
- Department of Pediatrics № 2, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine,Address for correspondence: Anna-Mariia Shulhai Department of Pediatrics № 2, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Maydan Voli, 1, 46001, Ukraine
| | - Halyna Pavlyshyn
- Department of Pediatrics № 2, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Shulhai Oleksandra
- Department of Children’s Diseases with Pediatric Surgery, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Victoria Furdela
- Department of Pediatrics № 2, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
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12
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Morrissey C, Amiot MJ, Goncalves A, Raverdy C, Masson D, Tardivel C, Gayrard S, Carrère M, Landrier JF, Vinet A, Perez-Martin A. Vitamin D Supplementation on Carotid Remodeling and Stiffness in Obese Adolescents. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112296. [PMID: 35684098 PMCID: PMC9182680 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with vitamin D (VD) deficiency and arterial stiffness. This randomized control trial assessed the effects of VD supplementation during a weight-loss program on carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and carotid compliance in obese adolescents. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either a 12-week lifestyle program with VD supplementation (n = 13), a lifestyle program without VD supplementation (n = 13) or a control group composed of normal-weight adolescents (n = 18). Serum total and free 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), IMT and carotid compliance were measured before and after the trial. Insufficiency in 25(OH)D concentration was found in 73% of obese participants compared to 22% among controls. Obese adolescents had lower free 25(OH)D and displayed higher IMT but lower carotid compliance than controls. Free 25(OH)D and IMT were negatively correlated in adolescents displaying VD insufficiency at baseline. After three months, total and free 25(OH)D increased in both groups. The changes of IMT and carotid compliance were similar between groups. The changes in IMT were correlated with the changes in total 25(OH)D in obese adolescents with VD insufficiency at baseline (r = −0.59, p = 0.03). While the lifestyle program with VD supplementation did not affect carotid compliance, IMT reduction was improved in obese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Morrissey
- LAPEC UPR4278—Laboratoire de Pharm-Ecologie Cardiovasculaire, Avignon University, 84029 Avignon, France; (C.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Marie-Josèphe Amiot
- MOISA—Montpellier Interdisciplinary Center on Sustainable Agri-Food Systems, CIRAD—Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut Agro-SupAgro, University Montpellier, INRAE—National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment, CIHEAM-IAMM—International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies-Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (M.-J.A.); (M.C.)
| | | | - Cecile Raverdy
- SSR—Centre de Soins de Suite et de Réadaptation, Institut Saint Pierre, 34250 Palavas-les-Flots, France; (C.R.); (D.M.)
| | - Delphine Masson
- SSR—Centre de Soins de Suite et de Réadaptation, Institut Saint Pierre, 34250 Palavas-les-Flots, France; (C.R.); (D.M.)
| | - Catherine Tardivel
- UMR C2VN—Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research, Aix Marseille University, INSERM—National Institute of Health and Medical Research, INRAE—National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment, 13385 Marseille, France; (C.T.); (J.-F.L.)
| | - Sandrine Gayrard
- LAPEC UPR4278—Laboratoire de Pharm-Ecologie Cardiovasculaire, Avignon University, 84029 Avignon, France; (C.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Myriam Carrère
- MOISA—Montpellier Interdisciplinary Center on Sustainable Agri-Food Systems, CIRAD—Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut Agro-SupAgro, University Montpellier, INRAE—National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment, CIHEAM-IAMM—International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies-Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (M.-J.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Jean-Francois Landrier
- UMR C2VN—Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research, Aix Marseille University, INSERM—National Institute of Health and Medical Research, INRAE—National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment, 13385 Marseille, France; (C.T.); (J.-F.L.)
| | - Agnes Vinet
- LAPEC UPR4278—Laboratoire de Pharm-Ecologie Cardiovasculaire, Avignon University, 84029 Avignon, France; (C.M.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Korkmaz HA, Özkan B. Impact of Obesity on Bone Metabolism in Children. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2022; 35:557-565. [PMID: 35393850 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2021-0714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an epidemic disease that can increase the incidence of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, malignancy, hypertension, and other health problems that affect the musculoskeletal system. There is a complex interaction between obesity and bone metabolism. In children with obesity, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma pathway causes the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into adipocytes via osteoblasts, in which results in low bone mass and osteoporosis. Systemic inflammation in obesity has negative effects on bone metabolism. An increase in the number and size of adipose tissue and adipocytokines secreted from adipocytes affect the bone mass of the whole body with hormonal and biochemical effects. The skeletal effects of obesity are mediated by higher oxidative stress and increased production of proinflammatory cytokines. Osteoporosis due to obesity has increased morbidity and mortality in recent years, resulting in important health problems in developed and developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin Anıl Korkmaz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dr Behcet Uz Child Disease and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Behzat Özkan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dr Behcet Uz Child Disease and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
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14
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Overview of Nutraceuticals and Cardiometabolic Diseases following Socio-Economic Analysis. ENDOCRINES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/endocrines3020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of functional food and nutraceutical products to deal with cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has gained attention in the past few years. The aim of this narrative review is to highlight the potential and effectiveness of nutraceutical in the improvement of CMDs and MetS biomarkers, alongside their burden of disease and economic health expenditure. A science database search was conducted between May and June 2021. A total of 35 studies were included in this paper. We included male and female subjects, children, and adults, in good health or with cardiovascular or metabolic disease. CMDs and MetS have gradually become worldwide health problems, becoming two of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in western countries. The results indicate a positive link between daily consumption of nutraceutical products and an improvement in cardiometabolic and anthropometric biomarkers. In this paper we included a wide range of nutraceutical products. Most of them showed promising data, indicating that nutraceuticals could provide a new therapeutic treatment to reduce prevalence and pharmaceutical expenditures attributed to CMDs and MetS. Unfortunately, there is a huge vacuum of data on nutraceutical usage, savings, and burden reduction. Therefore, further clinical and pharmaco-economic research in the field is highly required.
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Krivošíková K, Krivošíková Z, Wsolová L, Seeman T, Podracká Ľ. Hypertension in obese children is associated with vitamin D deficiency and serotonin dysregulation. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:289. [PMID: 35581625 PMCID: PMC9112480 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity and hypertension represent serious health issues affecting the pediatric population with increasing prevalence. Hypovitaminosis D has been suggested to be associated with arterial hypertension. Serotonin by modulating nitric oxide synthase affect blood pressure regulation. The biological mechanism by which vitamin D specifically regulates serotonin synthesis was recently described. The aim of this paper is to determine the associations between vitamin D, serotonin, and blood pressure in obese children. Methods One hundred and seventy-one children were enrolled in the prospective cross-sectional study. Two groups of children divided according to body mass index status to obese (BMI ≥95th percentile; n = 120) and non-obese (n = 51) were set. All children underwent office and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and biochemical analysis of vitamin D and serotonin. Data on fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA, uric acid, and complete lipid profile were obtained in obese children. Results Hypertension was found only in the group of obese children. Compared to the control group, obese children had lower vitamin D and serotonin, especially in winter. The vitamin D seasonality and BMI-SDS were shown as the most significant predictors of systolic blood pressure changes, while diastolic blood pressure was predicted mostly by insulin and serotonin. The presence of hypertension and high-normal blood pressure in obese children was most significantly affected by vitamin D deficiency and increased BMI-SDS. Conclusions Dysregulation of vitamin D and serotonin can pose a risk of the onset and development of hypertension in obese children; therefore, their optimization together with reducing body weight may improve the long-term cardiovascular health of these children. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12887-022-03337-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Krivošíková
- Department of Pediatrics, National Institute of Children's Diseases and Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Limbová 1, Bratislava, 831 01, Slovak Republic.
| | - Zora Krivošíková
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ladislava Wsolová
- Department of Biophysics, Informatics and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Tomáš Seeman
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ľudmila Podracká
- Department of Pediatrics, National Institute of Children's Diseases and Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Limbová 1, Bratislava, 831 01, Slovak Republic
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16
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Pedersen JN, Dalgård C, Möller S, Andersen LB, Birukov A, Andersen MS, Christesen HT. Early pregnancy vitamin D status is associated with blood pressure in children: an Odense Child Cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:470-481. [PMID: 35511609 PMCID: PMC9348989 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood pressure in childhood tracks into later life. Vitamin D status in adults is associated with blood pressure, but the impact of vitamin D status in pregnancy and childhood on blood pressure still needs investigation. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether fetal rather than current vitamin D status is associated with blood pressure in children. METHODS In a prospective observational study within the population-based Odense Child Cohort (OCC), we examined serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D2+3 [s-25(OH)D] in early and late pregnancy, cord blood, and at 5 y age, and the associations with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) in the 5-y-old children (n = 1,677). Multiple regression models were adjusted for maternal country of origin, parity, smoking during pregnancy, 5-y height, and weight. Two-stage mixed effect modeling was performed, integrating all s-25(OH)D data from pregnancy and cord blood. RESULTS The median (IQR) s-25(OH)D in early pregnancy, late pregnancy, the umbilical cord, and at 5 y was 65.5 (50.7-78.5), 78.5 (60.3- 95.8), 45.4 (31.1- 60.7), and 71.9 (54.6- 86.5) nmol/L, respectively. The mean ±SD 5-y SBP/DBP was 101.0/63.8 (7.1/5.9) mmHg. In adjusted analyses, a 10 nmol/L increase of s-25(OH)D in early pregnancy associated with a 0.3/0.2 mmHg lower SBP/DBP at 5 y (P < 0.05). Optimal s-25(OH)D (>75 nmol/L) in early pregnancy was associated with lower 5-y SBP and DBP, β (95% CI) -1.45 (-2.6, -0.3), and -0.97 (-1.9, -0.1), compared with reference s-25(OH)D (50-74.9 nmol/L). Two-stage analysis combining early pregnancy, late pregnancy, and cord s-25(OH)D data showed an inverse association with 5-y SBP and DBP for boys (P < 0.025) with significant sex-difference for DBP (Pinteraction = 0.004). No associations were found between s-25(OH)D and 5-y BP above the 90th percentile. CONCLUSION Early pregnancy s-25(OH)D concentrations, especially >75 nmol/L, were inversely associated with 5-y blood pressure in the offspring. A novel identified protective effect of optimal vitamin D levels in early pregnancy on offspring BP is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine N Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark,Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christine Dalgård
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark,Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Dept of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sören Möller
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark,Open Patient data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Louise B Andersen
- General Practice, Capital Region, Denmark,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anna Birukov
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Marianne Skovsager Andersen
- Open Patient data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark,Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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The role of serum 25 (OH) vitamin D level in the correlation between lipid profile, body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 48:421-426. [PMID: 35331523 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Since the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is high in some countries, such as Iran, and the trend of hypertension and obesity is increasing, this study aimed to investigate the serum level of vitamin D and explore its correlation and association with obesity, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar (FBS), and lipid profile. Our hypothesis is that serum vitamin D levels are associated with risk factors for cardiometabolic disease such as hypertension. METHODS The results of this article were extracted from a cross-sectional study with a sample size of 720 people in the winter of 2020. The serum level of 25 OH vit D was measured using the ELISA method. In addition, lipid profiles were measured using the Auto Analyzer photometry method. RESULTS Serum levels of vitamin D (25 (OH) vitamin D) were significantly higher in the control group compared to the case group (29.5 ± 16.3 vs. 26.7 ± 14.5; P-value = 0.016). The significant association between body mass index (BMI) and FBS (Beta unadjusted:0.024, 95%CI 0.009:0.038; Beta adjusted:0.020,95%CI 0.005:0.034), and triglyceride (Beta unadjusted:0.009, 95%CI 0.006:0.012; Beta adjusted:0.008,95%CI 0.005:0.011), and an inverse association HDL-C (Beta unadjusted:-0.079,95%CI -0.123:-0.036; Beta adjusted:-0.065,95%CI -0.111:-0.019) were seen in both unadjusted and adjusted models. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we report that obese people had significantly lower serum vitamin D levels than normal-weight people. There is also a significant correlation between BMI and blood pressure.
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Thams L, Stounbjerg NG, Hvid LG, Mølgaard C, Hansen M, Damsgaard CT. Effects of high dairy protein intake and vitamin D supplementation on body composition and cardiometabolic markers in 6-8-y-old children-the D-pro trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 115:1080-1091. [PMID: 35015806 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that prevention of lifestyle diseases should begin early. Dairy protein and vitamin D can affect body composition and cardiometabolic markers, yet evidence among well-nourished children is sparse. OBJECTIVES We investigated combined and separate effects of high dairy protein intake and vitamin D on body composition and cardiometabolic markers in children. METHODS In a 2 × 2-factorial, randomized trial, 200 white, Danish, 6-8-y-old children substituted 260 g/d dairy in their diet with high-protein (HP; 10 g protein/100 g) or normal-protein (NP; 3.5 g protein/100 g) yogurt and received blinded tablets with 20 µg/d vitamin D3 or placebo for 24 wk during winter. We measured body composition (by DXA), blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and lipids. RESULTS In total, 184 children (92%) completed the study. Baseline median (25th-75th percentile) dairy protein intake was median: 3.7 (25th-75th percentile: 2.5-5.1) energy percentage (E%) and increased to median: 7.2 (25th-75th percentile: 4.7-8.8) E% and median: 4.2 (25th-75th percentile: 3.1-5.3) E% with HP and NP. Mean ± SD serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration changed from 81 ± 17 to 89 ± 18 nmol/L and 48 ± 13 nmol/L with vitamin D and placebo, respectively. There were no combined effects of dairy protein and vitamin D, except for plasma glucose, with the largest increase in the NP-vitamin D group (Pinteraction = 0.005). There were smaller increases in fat mass index (P = 0.04) with HP than with NP, and the same pattern was seen for insulin, HOMA-IR, and C-peptide (all P = 0.06). LDL cholesterol was reduced with vitamin D compared with placebo (P < 0.05). Fat-free mass and blood pressure were unaffected. CONCLUSIONS High compared with normal dairy protein intake hampered an increase in fat mass index. Vitamin D supplementation counteracted the winter decline in 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the increase in LDL cholesterol observed with placebo. This study adds to the sparse evidence on dairy protein in well-nourished children and supports a vitamin D intake of ∼20 µg/d during winter. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03956732.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Thams
- Section for Sport Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nanna G Stounbjerg
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars G Hvid
- Section for Sport Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christian Mølgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Hansen
- Section for Sport Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Camilla T Damsgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hajhashemy Z, Lotfi K, Heidari Z, Saneei P. Serum Vitamin D Levels in Relation to Abdominal Obesity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:806459. [PMID: 35252295 PMCID: PMC8888413 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.806459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Findings of epidemiological studies that investigated the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and abdominal obesity were inconsistent. To evaluate the relationship between blood vitamin D levels and abdominal obesity in children and adolescents, we did a comprehensive review and dose-response meta-analysis. Methods A comprehensive search in electronic databases including Scopus, Web of Science (ISI), MEDLINE (Pubmed), EMBASE, and Google Scholar was conducted, up to May 2021, for epidemiological studies that investigated the linkage between serum vitamin D levels (as the exposure) and abdominal obesity (as the outcome) in children and adolescents. Results Combining 19 effect sizes from 14 cross-sectional studies that included 29,353 apparently healthy children illustrated that the highest vs. lowest level of serum vitamin D was related to a 35% reduced odds of abdominal obesity [odds ratio (OR): 0.65; 95% CI: 0.50, 0.84]. Linear dose-response analysis revealed that each 10 ng/ml increase in serum vitamin D levels was related to a 7% decrease in odds of abdominal obesity (OR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.90, 0.95), only among investigations that used percentiles of waist circumference (>75th or 90th) to define the disorder (including 6,868 total subjects and 1,075 cases with abdominal obesity). Increasing serum vitamin D levels from 20 to 40 ng/ml was related to reduce odds of abdominal obesity in children. Conclusion A negative relationship between blood vitamin D levels and abdominal obesity in children and adolescents was discovered in this meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. Among investigations that used waist circumference percentiles to define the disorder, the relationship was in a dose-response manner. To affirm this relationship, more research studies are needed, particularly using a prospective design. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021261319, PROSPERO 2021, identifier: CRD42021261319.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hajhashemy
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Keyhan Lotfi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Heidari
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvane Saneei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- *Correspondence: Parvane Saneei ;
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Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research Productivity on Vitamin D and Bone Metabolism (2001-2020): Learn from the Past to Plan Future. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030542. [PMID: 35276901 PMCID: PMC8838326 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D has long been known for preserving bone and non-skeletal health. Despite its magnitude of impact, scarce literature has explored the evolution of the relevant published literature. This study aimed at evaluating the trends and performance of Vitamin D and bone metabolism-related publications (2001−2020). All pertinent English language 16,887 articles were searched and extracted from the Web of Science (WoS) database and “R-Bibliometrix” was used for comprehensive analysis. Around 60,149 authors contributed from 114 countries, showing the USA on top with >1/4th of all articles, followed by Japan, China, and the United Kingdom. For authors, Cooper C, Dawson-Hughes B, and Holick MF were found to have written the most articles, citations and highest h-index, respectively. Corresponding authors from the top 20 countries collectively were responsible for around 84% of the articles. Among 2735 sources, Osteoporosis International (632), Journal of Bone and Mineral Research (569), and Bone (448) were foremost. Most prominent sources showed recent declining contributions. The increasing trend of publications with a higher spike from 2008 to 2014, followed by a gradual increase till 2017, was observed. Leading countries, affiliations, and authors showed collaborative publications and were mostly from developed countries with limited contributions, particularly from low- and middle-income countries.
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Singh P, Rawat A, Saadaoui M, Elhag D, Tomei S, Elanbari M, Akobeng AK, Mustafa A, Abdelgadir I, Udassi S, Hendaus MA, Al Khodor S. Tipping the Balance: Vitamin D Inadequacy in Children Impacts the Major Gut Bacterial Phyla. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020278. [PMID: 35203487 PMCID: PMC8869474 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D inadequacy appears to be on the rise globally, and it has been linked to an increased risk of osteoporosis, as well as metabolic, cardiovascular, and autoimmune diseases. Vitamin D concentrations are partially determined by genetic factors. Specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in vitamin D transport, metabolism, or binding have been found to be associated with its serum concentration, and these SNPs differ among ethnicities. Vitamin D has also been suggested to be a regulator of the gut microbiota and vitamin D deficiency as the possible cause of gut microbial dysbiosis and inflammation. This pilot study aims to fill the gap in our understanding of the prevalence, cause, and implications of vitamin D inadequacy in a pediatric population residing in Qatar. Blood and fecal samples were collected from healthy subjects aged 4–14 years. Blood was used to measure serum metabolite of vitamin D, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol 25(OH)D. To evaluate the composition of the gut microbiota, fecal samples were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing. High levels of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency were observed in our cohort with 97% of the subjects falling into the inadequate category (with serum 25(OH)D < 75 nmol/L). The CT genotype in rs12512631, an SNP in the GC gene, was associated with low serum levels of vitamin D (ANOVA, p = 0.0356) and was abundant in deficient compared to non-deficient subjects. Overall gut microbial community structure was significantly different between the deficient (D) and non-deficient (ND) groups (Bray Curtis dissimilarity p = 0.049), with deficient subjects also displaying reduced gut microbial diversity. Significant differences were observed among the two major gut phyla, Firmicutes (F) and Bacteroidetes (B), where deficient subjects displayed a higher B/F ratio (p = 0.0097) compared to ND. Vitamin D deficient children also demonstrated gut enterotypes dominated by the genus Prevotella as opposed to Bacteroides. Our findings suggest that pediatric vitamin D inadequacy significantly impacts the gut microbiota. We also highlight the importance of considering host genetics and baseline gut microbiome composition in interpreting the clinical outcomes related to vitamin D deficiency as well as designing better personalized strategies for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Singh
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar; (P.S.); (A.R.); (M.S.); (D.E.); (S.T.); (M.E.)
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha P.O. Box 5825, Qatar
| | - Arun Rawat
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar; (P.S.); (A.R.); (M.S.); (D.E.); (S.T.); (M.E.)
| | - Marwa Saadaoui
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar; (P.S.); (A.R.); (M.S.); (D.E.); (S.T.); (M.E.)
| | - Duaa Elhag
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar; (P.S.); (A.R.); (M.S.); (D.E.); (S.T.); (M.E.)
| | - Sara Tomei
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar; (P.S.); (A.R.); (M.S.); (D.E.); (S.T.); (M.E.)
| | - Mohammed Elanbari
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar; (P.S.); (A.R.); (M.S.); (D.E.); (S.T.); (M.E.)
| | - Anthony K. Akobeng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar;
| | - Amira Mustafa
- Pediatric Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar; (A.M.); (S.U.); (M.A.H.)
| | | | - Sharda Udassi
- Pediatric Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar; (A.M.); (S.U.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Mohammed A. Hendaus
- Pediatric Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar; (A.M.); (S.U.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Souhaila Al Khodor
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar; (P.S.); (A.R.); (M.S.); (D.E.); (S.T.); (M.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +974-4003-7397
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22
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KÖSEOĞLU D, ÖZDEMİR BAŞER Ö, ÇETİN Z, ÇATAK M. Monocyte and neutrophil to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratios are elevated in patients with vitamin D deficiency. JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.32322/jhsm.1001090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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23
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Pires LV, González-Gil EM, Anguita-Ruiz A, Bueno G, Gil-Campos M, Vázquez-Cobela R, Pérez-Ferreirós A, Moreno LA, Gil Á, Leis R, Aguilera CM. The Vitamin D Decrease in Children with Obesity Is Associated with the Development of Insulin Resistance during Puberty: The PUBMEP Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124488. [PMID: 34960039 PMCID: PMC8709093 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and cardiometabolic risk have been associated with vitamin D levels even in children. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the association between insulin resistance (IR), cardiometabolic risk factors, and vitamin D in children from prepubertal to pubertal stages. A total of 76 children from the PUBMEP study, aged 4–12 years at baseline, were included. Children were evaluated in prepubertal and pubertal stages. Anthropometric measurements and selected cardiometabolic risk biomarkers, such as plasma glucose, blood lipids, insulin, adiponectin, leptin, and blood pressure, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) were determined. Children were categorized by obesity degree and IR status combined before and after puberty. Paired t-test and multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted. During puberty, the increase in triacylglycerols, insulin, and HOMA-IR and the decrease in QUICKI were significantly associated with the reduction in 25(OH)D (B = −0.274, p = 0.032; B = −0.219, p = 0.019; B = −0.250, p = 0.013; B = 1.574, p = 0.013, respectively) after adjustment by BMI-z, sex, and pubertal stage. Otherwise, prepubertal non-IR children with overweight/obesity that became IR during puberty showed a significant decrease in 25(OH)D and HDL-c, and an increase in waist circumference and triacylglycerol concentrations (p < 0.05 for all) over time. These results suggest that changes in IR seem to be associated with an effect on 25(OH)D levels during puberty, especially in children with overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliane Viana Pires
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (L.V.P.); (E.M.G.-G.); (A.A.-R.); (Á.G.)
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Armilla, Spain
- Nutrition Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Sergipe, Saint Cristopher 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Esther M. González-Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (L.V.P.); (E.M.G.-G.); (A.A.-R.); (Á.G.)
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Armilla, Spain
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (G.B.); (L.A.M.)
| | - Augusto Anguita-Ruiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (L.V.P.); (E.M.G.-G.); (A.A.-R.); (Á.G.)
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Armilla, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (R.V.-C.)
| | - Gloria Bueno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (G.B.); (L.A.M.)
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (R.V.-C.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mercedes Gil-Campos
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (R.V.-C.)
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Institute Maimónides of Biomedicine Investigation of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Clinical Hospital, University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rocío Vázquez-Cobela
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (R.V.-C.)
- Unit of Investigation in Nutrition, Growth and Human Development of Galicia, Pediatric Department (USC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Alexandra Pérez-Ferreirós
- Unit of Investigation in Nutrition, Growth and Human Development of Galicia, Pediatric Department (USC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Luis A. Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (G.B.); (L.A.M.)
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (R.V.-C.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ángel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (L.V.P.); (E.M.G.-G.); (A.A.-R.); (Á.G.)
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Armilla, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (R.V.-C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs., 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Rosaura Leis
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (R.V.-C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs., 18012 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.L.); (C.M.A.)
| | - Concepción M. Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (L.V.P.); (E.M.G.-G.); (A.A.-R.); (Á.G.)
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Armilla, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (R.V.-C.)
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Institute Maimónides of Biomedicine Investigation of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Clinical Hospital, University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.L.); (C.M.A.)
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Qorbani M, Heidari-Beni M, Ejtahed HS, Shafiee G, Goodarzi F, Tamehri Zadeh SS, Khademian M, Mohammadian Khonsari N, Motlagh ME, Asayesh H, Jabbari M, Heshmat R, Ebrahimi M, Kelishadi R. Association of vitamin D status and cardio-metabolic risk factors in children and adolescents: the CASPIAN-V study. BMC Nutr 2021; 7:71. [PMID: 34784977 PMCID: PMC8597217 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-021-00477-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) starts from early life and is one of the important underlying factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in adulthood. Controversial evidence exists on the role of vitamin D deficiency in increasing the risk of pediatric MetS. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the relationship between vitamin D level with MetS and its components in children and adolescents. METHODS This nationwide cross-sectional study was performed as part of a surveillance program in Iran. Participants were 2596 students, aged 7 to 18 years, living in 30 provinces. In addition to filling questionnaires, a physical examination was conducted, and blood samples were collected. The serum concentration of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured using the direct competitive immunoassay chemiluminescence method. RESULTS 2596 students with a mean age of 12.2 y (55.1% boys) were recruited. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in participants was 10.6% (n = 276), and 60.5% (n = 1570), respectively. The prevalence of MetS was higher in the vitamin D deficient group. Students with deficient vitamin D levels had higher odds of MetS (OR: 4.25, 95%CI: 2.26-7.98), abdominal obesity (OR: 2.24, 95%CI: 1.61-3.12), low HDL-C (OR: 1.65, 95%CI: 1.18-2.30) and high fasting blood sugar (OR: 2.56, 95%CI: 1.43-4.57) in comparison to those with sufficient level of vitamin D. CONCLUSION Vitamin D deficiency was associated with increased odds of MetS and its components in the Iranian pediatric population. These findings underscore the importance of prevention and control of vitamin D deficiency in preventative programs against NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Motahar Heidari-Beni
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gita Shafiee
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farid Goodarzi
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Saeed Tamehri Zadeh
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Khademian
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | | | - Hamid Asayesh
- Department of Medical Emergencies, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jabbari
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ebrahimi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Rouhani P, Hajhashemy Z, Saneei P. Circulating serum vitamin D levels in relation to metabolic syndrome in children: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13314. [PMID: 34231300 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Findings from epidemiologic studies that evaluated the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children were contradictory. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the relation of serum 25(OH)D levels and MetS in children. A comprehensive search was conducted in electronic databases, up to November 2020. Eleven cross-sectional studies that reported the link between circulating vitamin D levels and MetS in children were included in the analysis. Combining 11 effect sizes from 11 cross-sectional studies with 22,196 participants revealed that highest versus lowest serum vitamin D concentration was significantly associated with a 50% reduced odds of MetS in children (OR: 0.50; 95%CI: 0.39, 0.64). Subgroup analysis by study location revealed decreased odds of MetS in both non-Asian (OR: 0.45; 95%CI: 0.33, 0.63) and Asian countries (OR: 0.54; 95%CI: 0.39, 0.76) with no heterogeneity in these subgroups. When we confined the studies to those with representative populations (n = 21,611), a significant inverse association was found between highest versus lowest circulating vitamin D level and MetS (OR: 0.55; 95%CI: 0.42, 0.71). Dose-response analysis showed that each 10 ng/ml (or 25 nmol/L) in serum vitamin D was linearly related to a 12% reduced odds of MetS (OR: 0.88; 95%CI: 0.78, 0.99) in children. A nonlinear association was also detected between serum 25(OH)D and MetS. This meta-analysis revealed that circulating vitamin D concentration was inversely associated with odds of MetS in children, in a dose-response fashion. The same finding was found in the studies with representative populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Rouhani
- Students' Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Hajhashemy
- Students' Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvane Saneei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Murni IK, Sulistyoningrum DC, Gasevic D, Susilowati R, Julia M. Sex differences in the association of vitamin D and metabolic risk factors with carotid intima-media thickness in obese adolescents. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258617. [PMID: 34653200 PMCID: PMC8519449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been shown that vitamin D is associated with obesity and the development of atherosclerosis. Less is known about this association among adolescents with obesity. OBJECTIVES To determine the association of vitamin D level and metabolic risk factors with carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) among obese adolescents. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study among obese children aged 15 to 17 years in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The association of vitamin D and other metabolic risk factors (triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and insulin resistance using homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)) with CIMT was explored by multivariable linear regression models. RESULTS Out of 156 obese adolescents, 55.8% were boys. Compared to girls, boys had higher BMI z-score, waist circumference, and HDL-cholesterol. After adjustment for age, sex and second-hand smoke exposure, high HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels were associated with higher odds of elevated CIMT. In analyses stratified by sex, a similar trend was observed in boys, while none of the risk factors were associated with CIMT in girls. We observed no association between vitamin D and CIMT. CONCLUSIONS Hyperinsulinemia, higher total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were associated with greater odds of elevated CIMT among obese adolescent boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indah K. Murni
- Department of Child Health, Dr. Sardjito Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Center for Child Health—Pediatric Research Office, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- * E-mail:
| | - Dian C. Sulistyoningrum
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Danijela Gasevic
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rina Susilowati
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Madarina Julia
- Department of Child Health, Dr. Sardjito Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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27
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Menon AS, Kapoor R, Anayath S, Garg MK. Vitamin D, body mass composition and metabolic risk factors in healthy young Indians. Med J Armed Forces India 2021; 77:485-489. [PMID: 34594080 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have linked vitamin D to risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Obesity is a potential confounder in these studies. This study examined the relationship of 25 (OH) cholecalciferol (25[OH] D3) with insulin resistance, blood glucose, and lipid profile in lean male adults. Method We enrolled two hundred and thirty four military recruits before beginning of military training. Demographic and anthropometric data were collected from them. The participants underwent body mass composition analysis by dual energy X ray absorptiometry. Fasting samples were collected for measurement of blood glucose, lipid profile, 25(OH) D3, serum parathormone (PTH) and insulin. Results Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency was found in 47.7% (107/224) and 31.6% (71/224) of participants, respectively. Using Pearson's correlation coefficient 25(OH) cholecalciferol and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were inversely correlated (p = 0.023). However, similar relation was not found between 25(OH) D3 and total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance and levels of PTH. On body composition analysis, there was no correlation of 25(OH) cholecalciferol with body mass index or fat mass index. Conclusion This study showed that in lean young male population, 25(OH) cholecalciferol and FBG are inversely correlated but no association of 25(OH) D3 with other cardiometabolic risk factors could be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Menon
- Professor & Head, Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
| | - Ravi Kapoor
- Graded Specialist (Biochemistry), Command Hospital (Central Command), Lucknow, India
| | - S Anayath
- Col Trg, AMC Centre & College, Lucknow, India
| | - M K Garg
- Professor & Head (Medicine & Endocrinology), All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, India
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Kilavuz A, Celikhisar H, Dasdemir Ilkhan G. The Association of Serum 25(OH) Vitamin D Level with Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Patients with Syndrome Z (the Interaction of Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Metabolic Syndrome). Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2021; 19:549-555. [PMID: 34515542 DOI: 10.1089/met.2021.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The interaction of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) is known as syndrome Z. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of serum vitamin D levels with severity of OSAS in patients with Syndrome Z. Methods: In this retrospective study, 270 patients with MetS and OSAS were included. Demographic data, lifestyle habits, anthropometric measurements, sleep characteristics, polysomnographic indices, and laboratory results were recorded from the patient files. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the associations of serum 25(OH)D3 levels with OSAS. Results: Of the 270 patients, 71.9% were female. The mean age was 46.86 ± 8.46 (33-72) years. Of the participants, 8.2% did not have OSAS (control group), while 30.4% had mild, 28.1% had moderate, and 33.3% had severe OSAS. There were significant differences in gender, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist/hip ratio, neck circumference, body mass index, apnea-hypopnea index, total sleep time, average SpO2 and Epworth sleepiness scale score, oxygen desaturation index, blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and 25(OH)D3 levels. There was a significant difference in serum 25(OH)D3 level with increasing severities of OSAS (none+mild to moderate+severe OSAS). After adjusting for potential confounding factors in multivariable logistic regression analyses, we found that serum 25(OH)D3 level was significantly associated with the severity of OSAS. Conclusions: Serum 25(OH)D3 level was significantly associated with the severity of OSAS in patients with Syndrome Z. Therefore, patients with MetS and OSAS should be investigated for the presence of vitamin D insufficiency and, if observed, referred for vitamin D treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Kilavuz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hakan Celikhisar
- Department of Chest Diseases, Izmir Metropolitan Municipality Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
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Vinet A, Morrissey C, Perez-Martin A, Goncalves A, Raverdy C, Masson D, Gayrard S, Carrere M, Landrier JF, Amiot MJ. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on microvascular reactivity in obese adolescents: A randomized controlled trial. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:2474-2483. [PMID: 34090775 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Childhood obesity is associated with vitamin D (VD) deficiency and vascular dysfunction. Considering evidence indicates that VD may improve vascular function, this study, for the first time, assessed the effect of VD supplementation on microvascular reactivity in obese adolescents (OA). METHODS AND RESULTS This randomized controlled trial included 26 OA, receiving fruit juice with (n = 13) or without VD (4000 IU/d; n = 13) over a 3-month lifestyle program, as well as 23 normal-weight adolescents (controls). The primary outcome was the pre-to-post-program change in microvascular reactivity determined by laser speckle contrast imaging with acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside iontophoresis. Changes in 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), flow-mediated dilation (FMD), nitrate-mediated dilation (NMD), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein [CRP]) were monitored. At inclusion, in comparison to controls, OA exhibited lower total and free 25(OH)D, impaired microvascular responses, and impaired FMD, but similar NMD. After the lifestyle program, total and free 25(OH)D increased in all OA, with a greater increase in those receiving VD supplements. HOMA-IR and CRP decreased in all OA. Neither FMD nor NMD were altered in either group. Endothelium-dependent microvascular reactivity only increased in the VD-supplemented group, reaching values comparable to that of controls. Similar results were found when analyzing only OA with a VD deficiency at baseline. CONCLUSION VD supplementation during a lifestyle program attenuated microvascular dysfunction in OA without altering macrovascular function. REGISTRATION NUMBER FOR CLINICAL TRIAL NCT02400151.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Vinet
- LAPEC EA4278, Université d'Avignon, Avignon, France.
| | | | - Antonia Perez-Martin
- Service d'Exploration et Médecine Vasculaire, CHU de Nîmes, Université de Montpellier, France
| | | | - Cécile Raverdy
- Institut Saint Pierre, SSR Pédiatrique, Palavas-les-Flots, France
| | - Delphine Masson
- Institut Saint Pierre, SSR Pédiatrique, Palavas-les-Flots, France
| | | | - Myriam Carrere
- UMR MOISA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CIHEAM-IAM, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Marie-Josèphe Amiot
- UMR MOISA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CIHEAM-IAM, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
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Durá-Travé T, Gallinas-Victoriano F, Malumbres-Chacon M, Ahmed-Mohamed L, Chueca-Guindulain MJ, Berrade-Zubiri S. Are there any seasonal variations in 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone serum levels in children and adolescents with severe obesity? Eur J Pediatr 2021; 180:1203-1210. [PMID: 33150518 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-020-03857-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in children with severe obesity. We hypothesized that severe obesity could modify the seasonal variations in 25(OH)D and PTH serum levels throughout the year. A cross-sectional clinical and blood testing (calcium, phosphorus, 25(OH)D, and PTH) was carried out in 282 patients with severe obesity, aged 7.2-15.2 years. A control group was recruited (348 healthy children, aged 7.1-14.9 years). The criteria of the US Endocrine Society were used for the definition of hypovitaminosis D. Vitamin D deficiency and hyperparathyroidism were more frequent (p < 0.05) in the obesity group (44.5 vs. 11.5% and 22.4 vs. 3.9%, respectively). There were seasonal variations in 25(OH)D levels in the obesity group, but they were lower (p < 0.05) with respect to the control group. In contrast, PTH levels were higher (p < 0.05) in the obesity group with respect to the control group, but there were no significant seasonal variations in PTH levels.Conclusion: Suboptimal vitamin D status and high levels of PTH are a common feature in pediatric population with severe obesity. In these patients, the seasonal variations in 25(OH)D were not modified, and PTH levels remained increased throughout the year, but without any seasonal variations. What is Known: • Obesity has been associated with lower 25(OH)D and higher PTH levels. • Relation among vitamin D and PTH through a natural year in children with obesity is partially known. What is New: • Seasonal variations in 25(OH)D are maintained in children with severe obesity, but PTH levels remained increased throughout the year, without seasonal variations. • -PTH levels in obesity are independent of vitamin D status and do not appear to represent secondary hyperparathyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodoro Durá-Travé
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Hospital Complex, Avenue Irunlarrea, 4, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), Pamplona, Spain.
| | | | - María Malumbres-Chacon
- Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Hospital Complex, Avenue Irunlarrea, 4, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Lotfi Ahmed-Mohamed
- Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Hospital Complex, Avenue Irunlarrea, 4, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Jesús Chueca-Guindulain
- Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Hospital Complex, Avenue Irunlarrea, 4, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sara Berrade-Zubiri
- Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Hospital Complex, Avenue Irunlarrea, 4, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), Pamplona, Spain
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Abboud M, Al Anouti F, Papandreou D, Rizk R, Mahboub N, Haidar S. Vitamin D status and blood pressure in children and adolescents: a systematic review of observational studies. Syst Rev 2021; 10:60. [PMID: 33618764 PMCID: PMC7898425 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-021-01584-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood hypertension is a growing public health problem. Simultaneously, hypovitaminosis D is widespread in this population and could be associated with hypertension. This study systematically reviewed the literature on the relationship between vitamin D status and blood pressure (BP) in children and adolescents. METHODS Following the PRISMA guidelines, PUBMED, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov and the gray literature without language or time restrictions were searched. We included observational studies, assessed their risk of bias, and extracted data on population characteristics, vitamin D status and BP measurements, and the association between the two variables. A narrative analysis of the studies was performed. RESULTS In total, 85 studies were included. Prospective cohort studies showed no association between vitamin D and BP, and generally, they were flawed. Also, the majority of non-prospective cohort studies (cross-sectional, retrospective, case-control) did not report an association between vitamin D and BP. They were mostly flawed regarding BP measurement and adjusting to potential confounders. CONCLUSION The results on the relationship between vitamin D status and BP in children and adolescents varied between the studies, and mainly pointed towards lack of association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Abboud
- Department of Health, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatme Al Anouti
- Department of Health, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dimitrios Papandreou
- Department of Health, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rana Rizk
- Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie (INSPECT-Lb), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nadine Mahboub
- Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Suzan Haidar
- Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Zhang R, Wang M, Wang M, Zhang L, Ding Y, Tang Z, Fu Z, Fan H, Zhang W, Wang J. Vitamin D Level and Vitamin D Receptor Genetic Variation Were Involved in the Risk of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Case-Control Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:648844. [PMID: 34421816 PMCID: PMC8377425 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.648844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated that vitamin D receptor (VDR), a key gene in the metabolism of vitamin D (VD), may affect the development of Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by regulating VD level and its biological effects. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of serum VD level, VDR variation, and a combination of VDR SNP and environmental behavior factor on the risk of NAFLD. METHODS A total of 3023 subjects from a community in Nanjing were enrolled, including 1120 NAFLD cases and 1903 controls. Serum 25(OH)D3 levels were measured and eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in VDR gene were genotyped. RESULTS Logistic regression analyses indicated that VD sufficiency and VD insufficiency were significantly associated with a low risk of NAFLD (all P<0.05; all Ptrend<0.05, in a locus-dosage manner). After adjusting for gender and age, VDR rs2228570-A and rs11168287-A alleles were all reduced the risk of NAFLD (all PFDR=0.136, in dominant model; Ptrend =0.039, combined effects in a locus-dosage manner). The protective effects of two favorable alleles were more evident among subjects ≤40 years, non-hypertension, non-hyperglycemia and non-low high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (all P<0.05). The area under the receiver operating curve of the combination of VDR SNP and exercise time for assessing NAFLD risk was slightly higher than that of only including exercise time or neither (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION High serum VD levels and VDR variants (rs2228570-A and rs11168287-A) might contribute to a low risk of NAFLD in Chinese Han population. The inclusion of VDR SNP and exercise time could improve the efficiency in assessment of NAFLD risk, which might provide a novel perspective for early screening and preventing NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zhang
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minxian Wang
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liuxin Zhang
- Department of Nursing, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yajie Ding
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zongzhe Tang
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zuqiang Fu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haozhi Fan
- Department of Information, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Wang,
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Karava V, Kondou A, Dotis J, Christoforidis A, Taparkou A, Tsioni K, Farmaki E, Kollios K, Siomou E, Liakopoulos V, Printza N. Association Between Secondary Hyperparathyroidism and Body Composition in Pediatric Patients With Moderate and Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:702778. [PMID: 34458210 PMCID: PMC8397458 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.702778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This single center cross-sectional study aims to investigate the association between secondary hyperparathyroidism and body composition in pediatric patients with moderate (stage 3) and advanced (stage 4-5) chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: 61 patients (median age: 13.4 years) were included. Body composition indices, including lean tissue index (LTI) and fat tissue index (FTI), were measured using multi-frequency bio-impedance spectroscopy. Muscle wasting was defined as LTI adjusted to height-age (HA) z-score < -1.65 SD and high adiposity as FTI z-score > 1.65 SD. Serum mineral metabolism parameters, including serum intact parathormone (iPTH), calcium, phosphorus and 25-hydroxyvitamin D, as well as serum leptin were measured in each patient. In advanced CKD patients, the mean values of serum mineral laboratory parameters of the 6 months prior to body composition assessment were recorded, and alfacalcidol index, defined as weekly alfacalcidol dose (mcg/week) per pg/ml of iPTH × 1,000, was calculated. Results: In moderate CKD (31 patients), high iPTH (>90 ng/ml) was observed in 10 (32.3%) patients and was associated with higher FTI z-score (p = 0.022). Moreover, serum iPTH was negatively correlated to LTI HA z-score (rs = -0.486, p = 0.006), and positively correlated to serum leptin levels (rs = 0.369, p = 0.041). The positive correlation between FTI z-score and iPTH (rs = 0.393, p = 0.039) lost significance after adjustment for serum leptin. iPTH was positively associated with high adiposity (12 patients, 38.7%) after adjustment for the other mineral metabolism parameters (OR 1.023, 95% CI 1.002-1.045, p = 0.028). In advanced CKD (30 patients), no significant correlation was observed between iPTH and body composition indices and serum leptin levels. Eleven (36.7%) patients with muscle wasting presented lower alfacalcidol index (p = 0.017). Alfacalcidol index ≤ 24 was strongly associated with muscle wasting after adjustment for CKD stage and other mineral metabolism parameters (OR 7.226, 95% CI 1.150-45.384, p = 0.035). Conclusion: Secondary hyperparathyroidism is associated with high adiposity in moderate but not in advanced CKD, with leptin acting as a potential contributive factor. In advanced CKD, targeting higher alfacalcidol weekly dose per each unit of serum PTH seems beneficial for preventing muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Karava
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, First Department of Pediatrics, Hippokratio General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonia Kondou
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, First Department of Pediatrics, Hippokratio General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - John Dotis
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, First Department of Pediatrics, Hippokratio General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios Christoforidis
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, First Department of Pediatrics, Hippokratio General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anna Taparkou
- First Department of Paediatrics, Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology Referral Center, Hippokratio General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantina Tsioni
- Biopathology Laboratory, Hippokratio General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelia Farmaki
- First Department of Paediatrics, Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology Referral Center, Hippokratio General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kollios
- Third Department of Pediatrics, Hippokratio General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ekaterini Siomou
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Vassilios Liakopoulos
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikoleta Printza
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, First Department of Pediatrics, Hippokratio General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Karava V, Christoforidis A, Kondou A, Dotis J, Printza N. Update on the Crosstalk Between Adipose Tissue and Mineral Balance in General Population and Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:696942. [PMID: 34422722 PMCID: PMC8378583 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.696942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is nowadays considered as a major endocrine organ, which apart from controlling lipid metabolism, displays a significant role in energy expenditure, food intake and in the regulation of various systemic physiological processes. Adipose derived pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines, particularly leptin and adiponectin, provide inter-communication of adipose tissue with various metabolic pathways, ultimately resulting in a complex network of interconnected organ systems. Recent clinical and experimental research has been focused on exploring the direct interaction between adipokine profile and elements of mineral metabolism, including parathormone (PTH), fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) and calcitriol. The emerging crosstalk between adipose tissue and calcium and phosphorus homeostasis suggests that metabolic disorders from one system may directly affect the other and vice versa. It is current knowledge that fat metabolism disturbance, commonly encountered in obese individuals, influences the expression of calciotriopic hormones in general population, while various clinical trials attempting to successfully achieve body fat loss by modulating mineral profile have been published. In chronic kidney disease (CKD) state, there is an increasing evidence suggesting that mineral disorders, influence adipose tissue and linked endocrine function. On the contrary, the impact of disturbed fat metabolism on CKD related mineral disorders has been also evocated in clinical studies. Recognizing the pathogenetic mechanisms of communication between adipose tissue and mineral balance is critical for understanding the effects of metabolic perturbations from the one system to the other and for identifying possible therapeutic targets in case of disrupted homeostasis in one of the two connected systems. To that end, this review aims to enlighten the recent advances regarding the interplay between mineral metabolism, fat mass and adipokine profile, based on in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies, in general population and in the course of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Karava
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, 1st Department of Pediatrics, Hippokratio General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios Christoforidis
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, 1st Department of Pediatrics, Hippokratio General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonia Kondou
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, 1st Department of Pediatrics, Hippokratio General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - John Dotis
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, 1st Department of Pediatrics, Hippokratio General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikoleta Printza
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, 1st Department of Pediatrics, Hippokratio General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Drole Torkar A, Plesnik E, Groselj U, Battelino T, Kotnik P. Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Healthy Children and Adolescents: Normative Data and Systematic Literature Review. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:597768. [PMID: 33330658 PMCID: PMC7732599 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.597768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Early identification of children at risk of atherosclerosis is of paramount importance for implementing primary preventive measures addressing vascular health. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) is a non-invasive biomarker of atherosclerosis. Semiautomatic radiofrequency-based software-guided technique quality intima-media thickness (RF-QIMT) was used to determine cIMT normative values in a healthy cohort of Caucasian children aged 6 to 18 years. Study design: In a cross-sectional study, data on age, chronic illness, medication use, and pubertal status was acquired by a questioner. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were performed by standardized methods and trained medical personnel. cIMT of the right common carotid artery far wall (1 centimeter proximal to bifurcation) was determined using a multifrequency (3–13 MHz) electronic linear array transducer SL1543, a portable ultrasound device (MyLab Gamma Esaote, Genoa, Italy), and RF-QIMT software. A systematic review of the published normal cIMT in children was done using PRISMA methodology, and identified normative values were compared to those obtained in the presented study. Results: 1137 non-obese normotensive children (males: n = 512; mean age 12.04 ± 3.52 years, females: n = 625, mean age 12.98 ± 3.83 years) were included. Gender-, age-, and height-specific mean cIMT percentile tables, percentile charts, and LMS tables for the RF-QIMT method were provided. They were comparable to the previously published data on mean cIMT gained by other validated ultrasound imaging techniques. cIMT increased with age, height, hip circumference, and BMI and was higher in males. Conclusions: Gender-, age-, and height-specific normative cIMT values, using the semiautomatic software-guided RF-QIMT technique, in children aged 6 to 18 years were developed and validated in respect to the previously published pediatric normative cIMT data. It is suggested that the investigated method could be used for the estimation of atherosclerotic risk in children, especially in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Drole Torkar
- University Children's Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Ljubljana University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Urh Groselj
- University Children's Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Ljubljana University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Battelino
- University Children's Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Ljubljana University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primoz Kotnik
- University Children's Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Ljubljana University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Lukenda Zanko V, Domislovic V, Trkulja V, Krznaric-Zrnic I, Turk-Wensveen T, Krznaric Z, Filipec Kanizaj T, Radic-Kristo D, Bilic-Zulle L, Orlic L, Dinjar-Kujundzic P, Poropat G, Stimac D, Hauser G, Mikolasevic I. Vitamin D for treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease detected by transient elastography: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; 22:2097-2106. [PMID: 32613718 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effects of vitamin D on transient elastography (TE, FibroScan) indices of liver steatosis (controlled attenuation parameter [CAP]) and fibrosis (liver stiffness measurement [LSM]) in adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). PATIENTS AND METHODS In this randomized (2:1), double-blind, single-centre, 12-month trial, patients with NAFLD were treated with vitamin D (1000 IU/day) (n = 201) or a matching placebo (n = 110). Two co-primary outcomes were changes in CAP and LSM after 360 days of treatment versus baseline. Two main secondary outcomes were CAP/LSM changes after 180 days of treatment. RESULTS Both CAP and LSM gradually decreased in vitamin D-treated patients and slightly increased in the placebo arm. Vitamin D was superior to placebo for both primary outcomes (mean differences in CAP and LSM changes (-49.5 dB/m [95% CI -59.5 to -39.4] and -0.72 kPa [95% CI -1.43 to 0.00], respectively) and both secondary outcomes (-22.1 dB/m [-32.1 to -12.1] and -0.89 kPa [-1.61 to -0.17], respectively). Of a number of exploratory outcomes (change at 12 months vs. baseline), vitamin D reduced serum uric acid (-17.9 μmol/L [-30.6 to -5.2]), gamma-glutamyltransferase (-8.9 IU/L [-15.5 to -2.3)] and fasting serum insulin levels (-5.1 pmol/L [-9.3 to -0.8]) as well as the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index (-1.6 [-3.1 to -0.2]) (false discovery rate [5%]-adjusted P-values between .0572 and .0952). CONCLUSION Low-medium dose supplementation of vitamin D (1000 IU/day) over 12 months reduces TE indices of liver steatosis (CAP) and fibrosis (LSM) in NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Lukenda Zanko
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital "Josip Benčević", Slavonski Brod, Croatia
| | - Viktor Domislovic
- Department for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Trkulja
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irena Krznaric-Zrnic
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Tamara Turk-Wensveen
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- School of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Zeljko Krznaric
- Department for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tajana Filipec Kanizaj
- School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Merkur, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Delfa Radic-Kristo
- School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Merkur, Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Lidija Bilic-Zulle
- Clinical Institute for Laboratory Diagnostics, Clinical Hospital Centre, Rijeka and Department of Medical Informatics, Rijeka University School of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Lidija Orlic
- School of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | - Goran Poropat
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- School of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Davor Stimac
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- School of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Goran Hauser
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- School of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ivana Mikolasevic
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- School of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Merkur, Zagreb, Croatia
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Simunovic M, Supe-Domic D, Karin Z, Degoricija M, Paradzik M, Skrabic R, Jukic A, Bozic J, Skrabic V. The Relationship of Vitamin D Status, Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, and Physical Activity in Obese Children and Adolescents. J Med Food 2020; 24:385-393. [PMID: 32783677 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with a range of chronic diseases, including childhood obesity. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in obese children and adolescents ranges from 6.5% to 57%. This cross-sectional study included 92 obese patients with body mass index z-score >2 and 39 subjects in the control group. Anthropometric and laboratory patient assessment were performed, including the fasting 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed by Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for children and adolescents (KIDMED index), while physical activity was evaluated by Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ). Serum levels of 25(OH)D were significantly lower in obese subjects compared to the control group (52.0 ± 17.93 vs. 64.09 ± 25.82 nmol/L, P = .003). The subgroup of obese patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) had significantly lower levels of serum vitamin D when compared to the subgroup of obese patients without MS and the control group (46.99 ± 17.11 vs. 54.58 ± 17.93 vs. 64.09 ± 25.82 nmol/L, P = .003). Obese patients with MS had lower PAQ score when compared to obese without MS and the control group (2.32 ± 0.55 vs. 2.49 ± 0.67 vs. 2.85 ± 0.63 nmol/L, P = .002), while no significant differences were observed in the KIDMED index (4.23 ± 1.81 vs. 4.21 ± 2.13 vs. 4.87 ± 2.29, P = .251), respectively. PAQ score was in positive correlation with serum levels of 25(OH)D (r = 0.305, P < .001). This study demonstrated that obese children and adolescents have significantly lower values of serum 25(OH)D. The positive correlation between vitamin D and PAQ score points to the importance of physical activity in the prevention of further cardiovascular complications and MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Simunovic
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Daniela Supe-Domic
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia.,Department of Health Studies, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Zeljka Karin
- Public Health Institute of Split and Dalmatia County, Split, Croatia
| | - Marina Degoricija
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Martina Paradzik
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Roko Skrabic
- University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Andrija Jukic
- University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Josko Bozic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Veselin Skrabic
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
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Sauder KA, Stamatoiu AV, Leshchinskaya E, Ringham BM, Glueck DH, Dabelea D. Cord Blood Vitamin D Levels and Early Childhood Blood Pressure: The Healthy Start Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 8:e011485. [PMID: 31020895 PMCID: PMC6512116 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.011485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Vitamin D deficiency is associated with cardiovascular events among adults, but it is unclear whether early-life vitamin D deficiency influences cardiovascular risk factors in children. Methods and Results We measured total and bioavailable 25-dihydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) in cord blood and in blood from 4- to 6-year-old children, and we assessed cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure, arterial stiffness, body size, and adiposity) at 4 to 6 years. We tested for racial/ethnic differences in total and bioavailable 25OHD (n=715) and modeled the adjusted association between cord blood 25OHD and childhood cardiovascular risk factors (n=171). We observed racial/ethnic differences in total and bioavailable 25OHD levels in both cord and child blood samples (all P<0.05). Each 25-nmol/L increase in cord blood total 25OHD was associated with a 2.5-mm Hg (SE 0.8) decrease in systolic blood pressure ( P=0.002) and a 1.7-mm Hg (SE 0.6) decrease in diastolic blood pressure ( P=0.01), independent of childhood 25OHD levels, race/ethnicity, and other covariates. There was no association between cord blood total 25OHD and any other cardiovascular risk factors. Cord blood levels of bioavailable and free 25OHD were not associated with any cardiovascular risk factor in childhood. Conclusions In this diverse prebirth cohort, we observed lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure among children with higher total 25OHD levels at birth. Our findings suggest that intrauterine exposure to vitamin D may contribute to early-life programming of offspring blood pressure. Intervention studies are needed to determine whether increasing fetal vitamin D exposure can reduce the risk of elevated blood pressure in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Sauder
- 1 Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora CO.,2 Department of Epidemiology Colorado School of Public Health Aurora CO.,3 Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center University of Colorado Aurora CO
| | - Alexandra V Stamatoiu
- 3 Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center University of Colorado Aurora CO
| | - Elina Leshchinskaya
- 3 Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center University of Colorado Aurora CO
| | - Brandy M Ringham
- 2 Department of Epidemiology Colorado School of Public Health Aurora CO.,3 Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center University of Colorado Aurora CO
| | - Deborah H Glueck
- 1 Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora CO.,3 Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center University of Colorado Aurora CO
| | - Dana Dabelea
- 1 Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora CO.,2 Department of Epidemiology Colorado School of Public Health Aurora CO.,3 Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center University of Colorado Aurora CO
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Vitamin D status and cardiometabolic risk factors in Greek adolescents with obesity - the effect of vitamin D supplementation: a pilot study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 5:e64-e71. [PMID: 32529108 PMCID: PMC7277522 DOI: 10.5114/amsad.2020.95569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Obesity is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors as well as decreased 25(OH) vitamin D serum levels. We aimed to study 25(OH) vitamin D levels in adolescents with obesity compared with normal weight controls in association with CVD risk factors, and the possible effect of vitamin D supplementation. Material and methods In a cross-sectional study, 69 obese and 34 normal-weight adolescents were included. In an interventional study 15 adolescents with obesity and vitamin D insufficiency were given 2000 IU vitamin D per os daily for 3 months. Results Adolescents with obesity had significantly lower 25(OH) vitamin D levels compared with normal-weight controls (12.0 (3.0–36.0) vs. 34.0 (10.0–69.0) ng/ml, respectively, p < 0.001). In adolescents with obesity, 25(OH) vitamin D was inversely associated with leptin even after adjustment for body mass index (BMI) (r = –0.340, p = 0.009). Conversely, 25(OH) vitamin D was not related with other parameters, such as BMI, blood pressure, lipids, glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index, adiponectin, leptin/adiponectin ratio, and visfatin levels. Following supplementation in 15 vitamin D insufficient adolescents with obesity, 25(OH) vitamin D significantly increased (from 17.3 (12.5–27.8) to 32.6 (14.3–68.0) ng/ml, p = 0.005) and so did low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (from 85.4 ±9.5 to 92.1 ±15.8 mg/dl, p = 0.022), while there were reductions in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) (from 5.8 ±0.2 to 5.5 ±0.1%, p = 0.03) and leptin (from 19.7 (7.8–45.5) to 15.1 (4.3–37.3) ng/ml, p = 0.03). Oxidised LDL, paraoxonase, arylesterase, and urine isoprostanes remained unchanged. Conclusions Adolescents with obesity had lower 25(OH) vitamin D, which may be associated with higher leptin levels. Vitamin D supplementation may lead to HbA1c and leptin reductions, but also to an increase in LDL-C.
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Long-Term Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation in Obese Children During Integrated Weight-Loss Programme-A Double Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041093. [PMID: 32326621 PMCID: PMC7230345 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D was studied in regards to its possible impact on body mass reduction and metabolic changes in adults and children with obesity yet there were no studies assessing the impact of vitamin D supplementation during a weight management program in children and adolescence. The aim of our study was to assess the influence of 26 weeks of vitamin D supplementation in overweight and obese children undergoing an integrated 12–months’ long weight loss program on body mass reduction, body composition and bone mineral density. Methods: A double–blind randomized placebo–controlled trial. Vitamin D deficient patients (<30 ng/ml level of vitamin D) aged 6–14, participating in multidisciplinary weight management program were randomly allocated to receiving vitamin D (1200 IU) or placebo for the first 26 weeks of the intervention. Results: Out of the 152 qualified patients, 109 (72%) completed a full cycle of four visits scheduled in the program. There were no difference in the level of BMI (body mass index) change – both raw BMI and BMI centiles. Although the reduction of BMI centiles was greater in the vitamin D vs. placebo group (−4.28 ± 8.43 vs. −2.53 ± 6.10) the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.319). Similarly the reduction in fat mass—assessed both using bioimpedance and DEXa was achieved, yet the differences between the groups were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Our study ads substantial results to support the thesis on no effect of vitamin D supplementation on body weight reduction in children and adolescents with vitamin D insufficiency undergoing a weight management program.
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Öhlund I, Lind T, Hernell O, Silfverdal SA, Liv P, Karlsland Åkeson P. Vitamin D status and cardiometabolic risk markers in young Swedish children: a double-blind randomized clinical trial comparing different doses of vitamin D supplements. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:779-786. [PMID: 32140704 PMCID: PMC7138658 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have linked low vitamin D status to unfavorable cardiometabolic risk markers, but double-blinded vitamin D intervention studies in children are scarce. OBJECTIVES The aim was to evaluate the effect of different doses of a vitamin D supplement on cardiometabolic risk markers in young healthy Swedish children with fair and dark skin. METHODS Cardiometabolic risk markers were analyzed as secondary outcomes of a double-blind, randomized, milk-based vitamin D intervention trial conducted during late fall and winter in 2 areas of Sweden (latitude 63°N and 55°N, respectively) in both fair- and dark-skinned 5- to 7-y-old children. During the 3-mo intervention, 206 children were randomly assigned to a daily milk-based vitamin D3 supplement of either 10 or 25 µg or placebo (2 µg; only at 55°N). Anthropometric measures, blood pressure, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, apoA-I, apoB, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were analyzed and non-HDL cholesterol calculated at baseline and after the intervention. RESULTS At baseline, serum 25(OH)D was negatively associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (β = -0.194; 95% CI: -0.153, -0.013; and β = -0.187; 95% CI: -0.150, -0.011, respectively). At follow-up, there was no statistically significant difference in any of the cardiometabolic markers between groups. CONCLUSIONS We could not confirm any effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum lipids, blood pressure, or CRP in healthy 5- to 7-y-old children. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01741324).
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger Öhlund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden,Address correspondence to IO (e-mail: )
| | - Torbjörn Lind
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Olle Hernell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Per Liv
- Section of Sustainable Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Rajakumar K, Moore CG, Khalid AT, Vallejo AN, Virji MA, Holick MF, Greenspan SL, Arslanian S, Reis SE. Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on vascular and metabolic health of vitamin D-deficient overweight and obese children: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:757-768. [PMID: 31950134 PMCID: PMC7138671 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obese children are vulnerable to vitamin D deficiency and impaired cardiovascular health; vitamin D replenishment might improve their cardiovascular health. OBJECTIVES The aims were to determine, in vitamin D-deficient overweight and obese children, whether supplementation with vitamin D3 1000 or 2000 IU/d is more effective than 600 IU/d in improving arterial endothelial function, arterial stiffness, central and systemic blood pressure (BP), insulin sensitivity (1/fasting insulin concentration), fasting glucose concentration, and lipid profile and to explore whether downregulation of adipocytokines and markers of systemic inflammation underlies vitamin D effects. METHODS We conducted a randomized, double-masked, controlled clinical trial in 225 10- to 18-y-old eligible children. Change in endothelial function at 6 mo was the primary outcome. RESULTS Dose-response increases in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were significant and tolerated without developing hypercalcemia. Changes at 3 and 6 mo in endothelial function, arterial stiffness, systemic-systolic BP, lipids, and inflammatory markers did not differ between children receiving 1000 or 2000 IU vitamin D and children receiving 600 IU. Some secondary outcomes differed between groups. Compared with the 600-IU group, central-systolic, central-diastolic, and systemic-diastolic BP was lower at 6 mo in the 1000-IU group [-2.66 (95% CI: -5.27, -0.046), -3.57 (-5.97, -1.17), and -3.28 (-5.55, -1.00) mm Hg, respectively]; insulin sensitivity increased at 3 and 6 mo and fasting glucose concentration declined at 6 mo (-2.67; 95% CI: -4.88, -0.46 mg/dL) in the 2000-IU group. CONCLUSIONS Correction of vitamin D deficiency in overweight and obese children by vitamin D3 supplementation with 1000 or 2000 IU/d versus 600 IU/d did not affect measures of arterial endothelial function or stiffness, systemic inflammation, or lipid profile, but resulted in reductions in BP and fasting glucose concentration and in improvements in insulin sensitivity. Optimization of children's vitamin D status may improve their cardiovascular health. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01797302.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaravel Rajakumar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Address correspondence to KR (e-mail: )
| | - Charity G Moore
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Arshad T Khalid
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Abbe N Vallejo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mohamed A Virji
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael F Holick
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan L Greenspan
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Silva Arslanian
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steven E Reis
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Hauger H, Laursen RP, Ritz C, Mølgaard C, Lind MV, Damsgaard CT. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on cardiometabolic outcomes in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Nutr 2020; 59:873-884. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02150-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Durá-Travé T, Gallinas-Victoriano F, Peñafiel-Freire DM, Urretavizcaya-Martinez M, Moreno-González P, Chueca-Guindulain MJ. Hypovitaminosis D and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adolescents with Severe Obesity. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 7:E10. [PMID: 32024097 PMCID: PMC7072215 DOI: 10.3390/children7020010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Obesity is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors and with Vitamin D deficiency. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between 25(OH)D concentrations and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents with severe obesity. SUBJECTS/METHODS A cross-sectional clinical assessment (body mass index, fat mass index, fat-free mass index, waist-to-height ratio, and blood pressure) and metabolic study (triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, leptin, calcium, phosphorous, calcidiol, and PTH) were carried out in 236 adolescents diagnosed with severe obesity (BMI z-score > 3.0, 99th percentile), aged 10.2-15.8 years. The criteria of the US Endocrine Society were used for the definition of Vitamin D status. RESULTS Subjects with Vitamin D deficiency had significantly elevated values (p < 0.05) for BMI z-score, waist circumference, waist z-score, body fat percentage, fat mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, insulin, HOMA-IR, leptin, and PTH than subjects with normal Vitamin D status. There was a significant negative correlation (p < 0.05) of serum 25(OH)D levels with body fat percentage, FMI, systolic BP, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, leptin, and PTH. CONCLUSIONS Low Vitamin D levels in adolescents with severe obesity were significantly associated with some cardiometabolic risk factors, including body mass index, waist circumference, fat mass index, high blood pressure, impaired lipid profile, and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodoro Durá-Travé
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Hospital Complex, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (F.G.-V.); (D.M.P.-F.); (M.U.-M.); (P.M.-G.); (M.J.C.-G.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fidel Gallinas-Victoriano
- Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Hospital Complex, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (F.G.-V.); (D.M.P.-F.); (M.U.-M.); (P.M.-G.); (M.J.C.-G.)
| | - Diego Mauricio Peñafiel-Freire
- Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Hospital Complex, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (F.G.-V.); (D.M.P.-F.); (M.U.-M.); (P.M.-G.); (M.J.C.-G.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Urretavizcaya-Martinez
- Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Hospital Complex, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (F.G.-V.); (D.M.P.-F.); (M.U.-M.); (P.M.-G.); (M.J.C.-G.)
| | - Paula Moreno-González
- Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Hospital Complex, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (F.G.-V.); (D.M.P.-F.); (M.U.-M.); (P.M.-G.); (M.J.C.-G.)
| | - María Jesús Chueca-Guindulain
- Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Hospital Complex, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (F.G.-V.); (D.M.P.-F.); (M.U.-M.); (P.M.-G.); (M.J.C.-G.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Feghaly J, Johnson P, Kalhan A. Vitamin D and obesity in adults: a pathophysiological and clinical update. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2020; 81:1-5. [PMID: 32003617 DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2019.0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has become an increasing focus of clinical interest, especially in understanding its associations with obesity in adults. The pathological associations linking the two appear to demonstrate complex cellular inflammatory, hormonal and genetic pathways. Enhanced understanding at both microcellular and clinical levels will help clarify the role of obesity in the development of vitamin D deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Feghaly
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Louis University Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Paul Johnson
- University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Atul Kalhan
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Glamorgan Hospital, Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales
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The relationship between cardiometabolic risks and vitamin D levels with the degree of obesity. Turk Arch Pediatr 2020; 54:256-263. [PMID: 31949417 PMCID: PMC6952469 DOI: 10.14744/turkpediatriars.2019.98372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiometabolic risk factors including vitamin D levels according to the degree of obesity in adolescents. Material and Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study. A total of 363 overweight/obese adolescents aged between 11 and 18 years who were evaluated in our clinic from January 2012 to December 2015 were included in the study. The degree of obesity was calculated as the body mass index standard deviation. Hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and vitamin D deficiency were defined as cardiometabolic risk factors. Mann-Whitney U, Chi-square, Spearman and Pearson’s correlation tests, and linear regressions analyses were used for statistical analyses. Results: Of the 319 (n=319/363) adolescents, all of whose cardiometabolic risk factors were known, 267 (85.7%) had at least one cardiometabolic risk factor. The body mass index standard deviation had a positive correlation with the number of cardiometabolic risk factors (p<0.001). In the linear regression models in which sex and age were considered as covariates, an increase of one unit in the body mass index standard deviation led to an increase of 6.085 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure, 4.4 mm Hg in diastolic blood pressure, 1.59 points in HOMA-IR, 13% in insulin level, and a decrease of 2.16 ng/mL in vitamin D levels. Conclusion: In adolescents, the number of cardiometabolic risk factors increases as the degree of obesity increases. The determination of the severity of obesity can help to identify individuals at greater risk for higher blood pressure, impaired glucose metabolism, and lower serum vitamin D levels. On the other hand, the degree of obesity may not reflect the presence of abnormal lipid and glucose levels.
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Ma D, Zheng X, Dong L, Zheng C, Chen Y, Chen Z, Lin M, Li X, Li Z, Liu C. The Relationship of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin-D Level with Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:1391-1398. [PMID: 32440175 PMCID: PMC7211054 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s250694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the association of serum vitamin-D levels with the severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS A cross-sectional study of 136 patients with T2DM who underwent overnight polysomnography (PSG) tests and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3 (25(OH)D3) level detections was conducted. Multivariable linear regression and logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the associations of serum 25(OH)D3 levels with apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). RESULTS The prevalence rates of OSA were 84.4% for male and 65.2% for female patients, respectively (p = 0.011). With increasing severities of OSA categories (none, mild, moderate and severe), patients were more likely to be male and obese, but there was no significant difference in serum 25(OH)D3 level ((mean ± standard deviation) 21.8 ± 8.8, 27.7 ± 14.6, 24.2 ± 9.8 and 26.8 ± 6.2 ng/mL, respectively, p=0.086). Serum 25(OH)D3 level was not significantly correlated with AHI (log-transformed), with the correlation coefficient of 0.133 (p=0.124). With adjustment for potential confounding factors, multivariable linear regression and logistic regression analyses showed that serum 25(OH)D3 level was not significantly associated with either AHI (log-transformed) or the risk of OSA, with the standardized regression coefficient (95% confidence interval (CI)) of 0.098 (-0.004-0.014, p=0.252) and the adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) of 1.055 (0.991-1.124, p=0.095), respectively. CONCLUSION Serum 25(OH)D3 level was not significantly associated with either AHI or the risk of OSA in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyan Ma
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuanling Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Clinical Medical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Diabetes Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lianqin Dong
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caiyu Zheng
- Fujian Medical University Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Chen
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Clinical Medical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Diabetes Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - MingZhu Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Clinical Medical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Diabetes Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Clinical Medical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Diabetes Translational Medicine, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhibin Li
- Epidemiology Research Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
- Zhibin Li Epidemiology Research Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-592-2137364Fax +86-592-2137557 Email
| | - Changqin Liu
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Clinical Medical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Diabetes Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Changqin Liu Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Clinical Medical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Diabetes Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-592-2137610Fax +86-592-2137557 Email
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Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with obesity and metabolic parameters in US children. Public Health Nutr 2019; 23:1223-1225. [PMID: 31288870 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019001770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Assessment of vitamin D status and parathyroid hormone during a combined intervention for the treatment of childhood obesity. Nutr Diabetes 2019; 9:18. [PMID: 31164629 PMCID: PMC6547754 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-019-0083-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with vitamin D deficiency. The aim of this work is to analyze the changes in vitamin D status and PTH levels in a group of children with obesity receiving combined intervention program in order to get BMI status reduction. METHODS Longitudinal study in 119 children with obesity, aged 9.1-13.9 years, included in a 1-year combined dietary-behavioral-physical activity intervention. Anthropometric measurements (weight, height, BMI and fat mass index) were registered every 3 months and blood testing (calcium, phosphorous, 25(OH)D and PTH) were collected at the beginning and after 12 months of follow-up. A control group was recruited (300 healthy children, aged 8.1-13.9 years). The criteria of the US Endocrine Society were used for the definition of hypovitaminosis D. RESULTS Vitamin D deficiency was significantly higher in obesity group (31.1 vs. 14%). There was negative correlation between 25(OH)D and fat mass index (r = -0.361, p = 0.001). Patients with BMI reduction throughout combined intervention were 52 (43.7%). There was a significant increase in the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in patients without BMI reduction at the end of follow-up, but in those patients with BMI reduction there was no changes of vitamin D status. CONCLUSIONS Obesity increases the prevalence of suboptimal vitamin D status, and a BMI status reduction in children with obesity may be required to at least stabilize vitamin D status.
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Ghobadi S, Rostami ZH, Marzijarani MS, Faghih S. Association of Vitamin D Status and Metabolic Syndrome Components in Iranian Children. Int J Prev Med 2019; 10:77. [PMID: 31198512 PMCID: PMC6547802 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_242_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recently, it has been found that Vitamin D can affect cardiometabolic risk factors. However, these findings have not been confirmed in younger population. We aimed to assess the associations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) components in Iranian children. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 240 children aged 6–9 years old. Anthropometric indices (weight, height, waist circumference, and body fat), biochemical parameters (low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, triglyceride [TG], fasting blood sugar, and serum 25(OH)D), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) blood pressure, and dietary intake and physical activity were measured. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to assess the association of MetS components and serum 25(OH)D. Results: Mean age of children was 7.8 ± 1.06 year. Mean serum 25(OH)D concentration was 14.6 ± 10.64 ng/ml, and the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency (serum 25(OH)D lower than 10 ng/ml) was 41.66%. Dietary intake of Vitamin D was 1.91 ± 1.8 mcg/day. Serum 25(OH)D was inversely associated with TG (β = −0.16; CI: −0.27, −0.04) after adjusting by age, gender, body mass index, physical activity, and some dietary components. Serum 25(OH)D was negatively associated with SBP (β = −0.02; CI: (−0.05, −0.004), and DBP (β = −0.02; CI: −0.05, −0.003); however, it was not significant anymore after adjustment for sodium, potassium, and fiber. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is alarming among Iranian children. Among the components of MetS, lower serum Vitamin D concentration was only associated with TG that could contribute in onset and progression of cardiometabolic disorders later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ghobadi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Hassanzadeh Rostami
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Shiva Faghih
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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