1
|
Castro MC, Villagarcía HG, Schinella G, Massa ML, Francini F. Mechanism of preventive effects of exendin-4 and des-fluoro-sitagliptin in a murine model of fructose-induced prediabetes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023:159363. [PMID: 37429413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Protective effects of exendin-4 (glucagon-like peptide-1 -GLP-1- receptor agonist) and des-fluoro-sitagliptin (dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor) on fructose-induced hepatic disturbances were evaluated in prediabetic rats. Complementary, a possible direct effect of exendin-4 in human hepatoblastoma-derived cell line HepG2 incubated with fructose in presence/absence of exendin-9-39 (GLP-1 receptor antagonist) was investigated. In vivo, after 21 days of fructose rich diet, we determined: glycemia, insulinemia, and triglyceridemia; hepatic fructokinase, AMP-deaminase, and G-6-P dehydrogenase (G-6-P DH) activities; carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) expression; triglyceride content and lipogenic gene expression (glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase -GPAT-, fatty acid synthase -FAS-, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c -SREBP-1c); oxidative stress and inflammatory markers expression. In HepG2 cells we measured fructokinase activity and triglyceride content. Hypertriglyceridemia, hyperinsulinemia, enhanced liver fructokinase, AMP-deaminase, and G-6-P DH activities, increased ChREBP and lipogenic genes expression, enhanced triglyceride level, oxidative stress and inflammatory markers recorded in fructose fed animals, were prevented by co-administration of either exendin-4 or des-fluoro-sitagliptin. Exendin-4 prevented fructose-induced increase in fructokinase activity and triglyceride contain in HepG2 cells. These effects were blunted co-incubating with exendin-9-39. The results demonstrated for the first time that exendin-4/des-fluro-sitagliptin prevented fructose-induced endocrine-metabolic oxidative stress and inflammatory changes probably acting on the purine degradation pathway. Exendin 9-39 blunted in vitro protective exendin-4 effects, thereby suggesting a direct effect of this compound on hepatocytes through GLP-1 receptor. Direct effect on fructokinase and AMP-deaminase activities, with a key role in the pathogenesis of liver dysfunction induced by fructose, suggests purine degradation pathway constitute a potential therapeutic objective for GLP-1 receptor agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Cecilia Castro
- Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada - CENEXA (UNLP-CONICET CCT LA PLATA CEAS CICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Street 60 and 120, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
| | - Hernán Gonzalo Villagarcía
- Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada - CENEXA (UNLP-CONICET CCT LA PLATA CEAS CICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Street 60 and 120, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
| | - Guillermo Schinella
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Street 60 and 120, La Plata 1900, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, UNAJ-CICPBA, Street Avenue Calchaqui 6200, Florencio Varela 1888, Argentina.
| | - María Laura Massa
- Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada - CENEXA (UNLP-CONICET CCT LA PLATA CEAS CICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Street 60 and 120, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
| | - Flavio Francini
- Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada - CENEXA (UNLP-CONICET CCT LA PLATA CEAS CICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Street 60 and 120, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Setayesh-Mehr Z, Ghasemi LV, Poorsargol M, Momeni R. Upregulation of GLUT4 Expression and Glucose Homeostasis by Synthetic Peptides HL-7 and HL-10 in in-vitro and in-vivo Diabetic Models. Int J Pept Res Ther 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-023-10507-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
|
3
|
Park SB, Koh B, Jung WH, Choi KJ, Na YJ, Yoo HM, Lee S, Kang D, Lee DM, Kim KY. Development of a three-dimensional in vitro co-culture model to increase drug selectivity for humans. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; 22:1302-1315. [PMID: 32173999 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Insulin resistance is a metabolic state where insulin sensitivity is lower than normal condition and strongly related to type 2 diabetes. However, an in vitro model mimicking insulin resistance is rare and thus screening drugs for insulin resistance severely depends on an in vivo model. Here, to increase anti-diabetic drug selectivity for humans, 3D ADMSCs and macrophages were co-cultured with in-house fabricated co-culture plates. MATERIAL AND METHODS 3D co-culture plates were designed to load ADMSCs and RAW264.7 cells containing hydrogels in separate wells while allowing cell-cell interaction with co-culturing media. Hydrogels were constructed using a 3D cell-printing system containing 20 mg/ml alginate, 0.5 mg/ml gelatin and 0.5 mg/ml type I collagen. Cells containing hydrogels in 3D co-culture plates were incubated for 10 min to allow stabilization before the experiment. 3D co-culture plates were incubated with the CaCl2 solution for 5 min to complete the cross linking of alginate hydrogel. Cells in 3D co-culture plates were cultured for up to 12 days depending on the experiment and wells containing adipocytes and macrophages were separated and used for assays. RESULTS KR-1, KR-2 and KR-3 compounds were applied during differentiation (12 days) in 3D co-cultured mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes and 3D co-cultured human ADMSCs. Glucose uptake assay using 2-DG6P and 2-NBDG and western blot analysis were performed to investigate changes of insulin resistance in the 3D co-cultured model for interspecies selectivity of drug screening. KR-1 (mouse potent enantiomer) and KR-3 (racemic mixture) showed improvement of 2-DG and 2-NBDG uptake compared with KR-2 (human potent enantiomer) in 3D co-cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In connection with insulin resistance in a 3D 3T3-L1 co-cultured model, KR-1 and KR-3 showed improvement of insulin sensitivity compared to KR-2 by markedly increasing GLUT4 expression. In contrast to the result of 3D co-cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes, KR-1 failed to significantly improve 2-DG and 2-NBDG uptake in 3D co-cultured ADMSC adipocytes. Results of 2-NBDG accumulation and western blot analysis also showed that KR-2 and KR-3 improved insulin sensitivity relatively better than KR-1. CONCLUSIONS Our 3D co-culture model with/without 3D co-culture plates can successfully mimic insulin resistance while allowing investigation of the effects of anti-obesity or anti-diabetic drugs on human or mouse co-culturing cell type. This 3D co-culture system may accelerate screening of drugs for insulin resistance depending on species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Bum Park
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byumseok Koh
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hoon Jung
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Jin Choi
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ju Na
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Min Yoo
- Center for Bioanalysis, Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunray Lee
- Cell Engineering for Origin Research Center, Jongno-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dukjin Kang
- Center for Bioanalysis, Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Mok Lee
- Biomedical Manufacturing Technology Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeongcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Young Kim
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang J, Chen Y, Liu C, Li L, Li P. N 1-Methylnicotinamide Improves Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity via Activation of SIRT1 and Inhibition of FOXO1 Acetylation. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:1080152. [PMID: 32280711 PMCID: PMC7125486 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1080152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of N1-methylnicotinamide (MNAM) on insulin resistance and glucose metabolism in obese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice and regulatory mechanisms of the NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1)/forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) pathway. METHODS Blood glucose and insulin levels were examined in mice. HE and oil red O staining were used to observe the effects of MNAM on liver lipid deposition in ob/ob mice. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to detect expression of gluconeogenesis, insulin signaling-related proteins, and SIRT1/FOXO1 pathway-related proteins. L-O2 cells were cultured as a model of insulin resistance, and MNAM and SIRT1 inhibitors were administered in vivo. Residual glucose and insulin signaling-related proteins were detected and the mechanisms associated with the SIRT1/FOXO1 signaling pathway in insulin resistance explored. RESULTS MNAM can effectively reduce levels of fasting blood glucose and insulin, improve liver morphology, and reduce lipid accumulation in obese type 2 diabetes mellitus mice. MNAM also downregulates the key proteins in the gluconeogenesis pathway in the liver, upregulates Sirt1 expression, and reduces acetylation of the FOXO1 protein. In vitro, MNAM could promote the glucose uptake capacity of L-O2 cells induced by palmitic acid (PA), a saturated fatty acid that induces IR in various scenarios, including hepatocytes, improving insulin resistance. As Sirt1 expression was inhibited, the reduction of hepatocyte gluconeogenesis and the regulation of the insulin signaling pathway by MNAM were reversed. CONCLUSION MNAM activates SIRT1 and inhibits acetylation of FOXO1, which in turn regulates insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic mice, leading to a reduction of hepatic glucose output and improvement of insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingfan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guan B, Wang L, Ma L, Liu X, Liu L. EFFECTS OF EXENDIN-4 ON ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRESS-MEDIATED INSULIN RESISTANCE IN 3T3-L1 ADIPOCYTES. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA-BUCHAREST 2019; 15:158-164. [PMID: 31508171 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2019.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is suspected as an important factor in the initiation of insulin resistance. Aim To explore the effects of exendin-4 (Ex-4) on the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-mediated insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In our study, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were pre-treated with ERS inhibitors tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), Ex-4 and an ERS inducer tunicamycin (TM) then induced insulin resistance. Glucose consumption of the adipocytes was measured. Western blots determined the protein levels of ERS markers and insulin signaling pathway. Results TM treatment reduced insulin-stimulated glucose consumption by 19.7% in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. This repression was blunted by 24h pre-treatment with TUDCA or Ex-4. Ex-4 augmented insulin-stimulated glucose consumption in adipocytes by 14.9%. Western blotting showed that TM treatment significantly increased the ER stress markers including p-IRE, p-JNK, p-PERK, p-eIF2a and ATF6 expression, whereas 24h pre-treatment of adipocytes with TUDCA or Ex-4 alleviated the ER stress. Ex-4 alleviates ERS-induced insulin resistance by upregulating the expression of phosphorylated Akt. Conclusion ERs mediates insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and exendin-4 significantly improves this insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Guan
- Dept. of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - L Wang
- Dept. of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - L Ma
- Dept. of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - X Liu
- Dept. of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - L Liu
- Dept. of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ferreira MC, da Silva MER, Fukui RT, do Carmo Arruda-Marques M, Azhar S, dos Santos RF. Effect of TCF7L2 polymorphism on pancreatic hormones after exenatide in type 2 diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2019; 11:10. [PMID: 30700996 PMCID: PMC6347826 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-019-0401-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) stimulates insulin secretion and reduces blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). TCF7L2 rs7903146 polymorphism has been associated with decreased insulin secretion, reduced GLP-1 action, and possible impaired peripheral insulin sensitivity. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the postprandial pancreatic hormone response in patients with T2DM carriers of the TCF7L2 variant rs7903146 (CT/TT) compared with noncarriers of this variant (CC) after treatment with the GLP-1 agonist exenatide. METHODS Intervention study. Patients with T2DM (n = 162) were genotyped for the TCF7L2 rs7903146 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Individuals with CT/TT and CC genotypes were compared regarding basal serum levels of glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), HDL, uric acid, insulin, and C-peptide. A subset of 56 individuals was evaluated during a 500-calorie mixed-meal test with measurements of glucose, insulin, proinsulin, C-peptide and glucagon before and after treatment with exenatide for 8 weeks. RESULTS Patients with genotypes CC and CT/TT presented similar glucose area under the curve (AUC) 0-180 min before treatment and a similar decrease after treatment (p < 0.001). Before exenatide, insulin levels at 30-120 min were higher in CT/TT versus CC subjects (p < 0.05). After treatment with exenatide, only CT/TT individuals demonstrated insulin reduction at 30-180 min during the meal test (p < 0.05). Patients with the CC genotype presented no differences in insulin concentrations before and after treatment. The areas under the glucagon curve between 0 and 180 min were similar before treatment and reduced after treatment in both groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The presence of the TCF7L2 rs7903146 T allele in patients with T2DM was associated with increased secretion of insulin response to a mixed-meal test. Furthermore, after treatment with exenatide, only the carriers of the T allele showed significantly decreased postprandial plasma insulin peak levels comparing with non carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mari Cassol Ferreira
- School of Medicine, Unochapeco University, Chapeco, Santa Catarina Brazil
- School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ramírez E, Picatoste B, González-Bris A, Oteo M, Cruz F, Caro-Vadillo A, Egido J, Tuñón J, Morcillo MA, Lorenzo Ó. Sitagliptin improved glucose assimilation in detriment of fatty-acid utilization in experimental type-II diabetes: role of GLP-1 isoforms in Glut4 receptor trafficking. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:12. [PMID: 29325553 PMCID: PMC5765634 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-017-0643-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The distribution of glucose and fatty-acid transporters in the heart is crucial for energy consecution and myocardial function. In this sense, the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) enhancer, sitagliptin, improves glucose homeostasis but it could also trigger direct cardioprotective actions, including regulation of energy substrate utilization. METHODS Type-II diabetic GK (Goto-Kakizaki), sitagliptin-treated GK (10 mg/kg/day) and wistar rats (n = 10, each) underwent echocardiographic evaluation, and positron emission tomography scanning for [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18FDG). Hearts and plasma were isolated for biochemical approaches. Cultured cardiomyocytes were examined for receptor distribution after incretin stimulation in high fatty acid or high glucose media. RESULTS Untreated GK rats exhibited hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and plasma GLP-1 reduction. Moreover, GK myocardium decreased 18FDG assimilation and diastolic dysfunction. However, sitagliptin improved hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and GLP-1 levels, and additionally, enhanced 18FDG uptake and diastolic function. Sitagliptin also stimulated the sarcolemmal translocation of the glucose transporter-4 (Glut4), in detriment of the fatty acyl translocase (FAT)/CD36. In fact, Glut4 mRNA expression and sarcolemmal translocation were also increased after GLP-1 stimulation in high-fatty acid incubated cardiomyocytes. PI3K/Akt and AMPKα were involved in this response. Intriguingly, the GLP-1 degradation metabolite, GLP-1(9-36), showed similar effects. CONCLUSIONS Besides of its anti-hyperglycemic effect, sitagliptin-enhanced GLP-1 may ameliorate diastolic dysfunction in type-II diabetes by shifting fatty acid to glucose utilization in the cardiomyocyte, and thus, improving cardiac efficiency and reducing lipolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Ramírez
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Picatoste
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - A González-Bris
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Oteo
- Biomedical Applications of Radioisotopes and Pharmacokinetics, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - F Cruz
- Biomedical Applications of Radioisotopes and Pharmacokinetics, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Caro-Vadillo
- Veterinary School, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Egido
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Tuñón
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - M A Morcillo
- Biomedical Applications of Radioisotopes and Pharmacokinetics, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ó Lorenzo
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain. .,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen L, Pan H, Zhang YH, Feng K, Kong X, Huang T, Cai YD. Network-Based Method for Identifying Co- Regeneration Genes in Bone, Dentin, Nerve and Vessel Tissues. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8100252. [PMID: 28974058 PMCID: PMC5664102 DOI: 10.3390/genes8100252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone and dental diseases are serious public health problems. Most current clinical treatments for these diseases can produce side effects. Regeneration is a promising therapy for bone and dental diseases, yielding natural tissue recovery with few side effects. Because soft tissues inside the bone and dentin are densely populated with nerves and vessels, the study of bone and dentin regeneration should also consider the co-regeneration of nerves and vessels. In this study, a network-based method to identify co-regeneration genes for bone, dentin, nerve and vessel was constructed based on an extensive network of protein–protein interactions. Three procedures were applied in the network-based method. The first procedure, searching, sought the shortest paths connecting regeneration genes of one tissue type with regeneration genes of other tissues, thereby extracting possible co-regeneration genes. The second procedure, testing, employed a permutation test to evaluate whether possible genes were false discoveries; these genes were excluded by the testing procedure. The last procedure, screening, employed two rules, the betweenness ratio rule and interaction score rule, to select the most essential genes. A total of seventeen genes were inferred by the method, which were deemed to contribute to co-regeneration of at least two tissues. All these seventeen genes were extensively discussed to validate the utility of the method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Hongying Pan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Yu-Hang Zhang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Kaiyan Feng
- Department of Computer Science, Guangdong AIB Polytechnic, Guangzhou 510507, Guangdong, China.
| | - XiangYin Kong
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Tao Huang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Exendin-4 reduces food intake via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in the hypothalamus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6936. [PMID: 28761132 PMCID: PMC5537284 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06951-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Exendin-4 (EX-4), a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, has been shown to reduce food intake and to increase proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene expression in the hypothalamus. In this study, we examined the potential neural mechanisms by which these effects occur. Male Sprague Dawley rats were implanted with a cannula in the third ventricle of the brain through which an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) (wortmannin) was administered, and EX-4 or vehicle was administered via intraperitoneal (IP) injection. The activity of PI3K/protein kinase B (AKT) and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) in the hypothalamic arcuate was determined. We found that EX-4 treatment significantly decreased food intake and body weight. However, there were almost no changes in food intake and body weight when wortmannin injection (into the third ventricle) occurred prior to EX-4 IP injection. EX-4 not only increased the activity of PI3K/AKT, but it also increased IRS-1 activity. These results show that EX-4 likely suppresses food intake due to its ability to enhance insulin signaling.
Collapse
|
10
|
Andreozzi F, Raciti GA, Nigro C, Mannino GC, Procopio T, Davalli AM, Beguinot F, Sesti G, Miele C, Folli F. The GLP-1 receptor agonists exenatide and liraglutide activate Glucose transport by an AMPK-dependent mechanism. J Transl Med 2016; 14:229. [PMID: 27473212 PMCID: PMC4967343 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0985-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims/hypothesis Potentiation of glucose-induced insulin secretion is the main mechanism of exenatide (EXE) antidiabetic action, however, increased glucose utilization by peripheral tissues has been also reported. We here studied the effect of EXE on glucose uptake by skeletal muscle cells. Methods 2-deoxy-glucose (2DG) uptake and intracellular signal pathways were measured in rat L6 skeletal muscle myotubes exposed to 100 nmol/l EXE for up to 48 h. Mechanisms of EXE action were explored by inhibiting AMPK activity with compound C (CC, 40 μmol/l) or siRNAs (2 μmol/l). Results Time course experiments show that EXE increases glucose uptake up to 48 h achieving its maximal effect, similar to that induced by insulin, after 20 min (2- vs 2.5-fold-increase, respectively). Differently from insulin, EXE does not stimulate: (i) IR β-subunit- and IRS1 tyrosine phosphorylation and binding to p85 regulatory subunit of PI-3kinase; (ii) AKT activation; and (iii) ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 phosphorylation. Conversely, EXE increases phosphorylation of α-subunit of AMPK at Thr172 by 2.5-fold (p < 0.01). Co-incubation of EXE and insulin does not induce additive effects on 2DG-uptake. Inhibition of AMPK with CC, and reduction of AMPK protein expression by siRNA, completely abolish EXE-induced 2DG-uptake. Liraglutide, another GLP-1 receptor agonist, also stimulates AMPK phosphorylation and 2DG-uptake. Moreover, EXE stimulates 2DG-uptake also by L6 myotubes rendered insulin-resistant with methylglyoxal. Finally, EXE also induces glucose transporter Glut-4 translocation to the plasma membrane. Conclusions/interpretation In L6 myotubes, EXE and liraglutide increase glucose uptake in an insulin-independent manner by activating AMPK. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-016-0985-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Andreozzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna-Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy. .,Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Gregory Alexander Raciti
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Council of Research, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Cecilia Nigro
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Council of Research, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Gaia Chiara Mannino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna-Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Teresa Procopio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna-Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alberto M Davalli
- Department of Medicine Endocrinology Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Council of Research, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgio Sesti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna-Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Claudia Miele
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Council of Research, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Franco Folli
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Driessen JHM, van Onzenoort HAW, Starup-Linde J, Henry R, Burden AM, Neef C, van den Bergh JP, Vestergaard P, de Vries F. Use of Glucagon-Like-Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists and Risk of Fracture as Compared to Use of Other Anti-hyperglycemic Drugs. Calcif Tissue Int 2015; 97:506-15. [PMID: 26184119 PMCID: PMC4598352 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-015-0037-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are a new class of drugs that might have a potential beneficial effect on bone metabolism. Data on the effect of GLP-1 RAs and fracture risk are lacking. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between the use of GLP-1 and the risk of fracture. A case-control study was performed using Danish National Health Service data. Cases were those who sustained a fracture and controls were those without a fracture during the study period (2007-2011), all aged 18 years and above. Conditional logistic regression estimated the odds ratios (OR) of fracture with current use of DPP4-I use. Analyses were adjusted for comorbidities and recent drug use. Among cases (n = 229,114), there were 6993 current non-insulin anti-diabetic drug (NIAD) users (excluding incretin users) and 255 GLP-1 RA users. Similarly, among controls (n = 229,114), 7209 were NIAD users (excluding incretin users) and 220 were GLP-1 RA users. Current GLP-1 RA use was not associated with a decreased risk of fracture [adjusted (adj.) OR 1.16; 95% CI 0.83-1.63]. Osteoporotic fracture risk was also not associated with current GLP-1 RA use (adj. OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.44-1.39). In our nation-wide case-control study, we identified that the use of GLP-1 RA was not associated with fracture risk as compared to the use of other anti-hyperglycemic drugs. Additionally, current GLP-1 RA use, stratified by cumulative or average daily dose, is not associated with fracture risk. Further research should focus on long-term use of GLP-1 RA and fracture risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna H M Driessen
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hein A W van Onzenoort
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jakob Starup-Linde
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ronald Henry
- Department of Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea M Burden
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Cees Neef
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joop P van den Bergh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, VieCuri Medical Centre, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Vestergaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Frank de Vries
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- MRC Epidemiology Lifecourse Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Driessen JHM, Henry RMA, van Onzenoort HAW, Lalmohamed A, Burden AM, Prieto-Alhambra D, Neef C, Leufkens HGM, de Vries F. Bone fracture risk is not associated with the use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: a population-based cohort analysis. Calcif Tissue Int 2015; 97:104-12. [PMID: 25894068 PMCID: PMC4491344 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-015-9993-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-ra) are a relatively new class of anti-hyperglycemic drugs which may positively affect bone metabolism and thereby decrease (osteoporotic) bone fracture risk. Data on the effect of GLP1-ra on fracture risk are scarce and limited to clinical trial data only. The aim of this study was to investigate, in a population-based cohort, the association between the use of GLP1-ra and bone fracture risk. We conducted a population-based cohort study, with the use of data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) database (2007-2012). The study population (N = 216,816) consisted of all individuals with type 2 diabetes patients with at least one prescription for a non-insulin anti-diabetic drug and were over 18 years of age. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratio of fracture in GLP1-ra users versus never-GLP1-ra users. Time-dependent adjustments were made for age, sex, lifestyle, comorbidity and the use of other drugs. There was no decreased risk of fracture with current use of GLP1-ra compared to never-GLP1-ra use (adjusted HR 0.99, 95 % CI 0.82-1.19). Osteoporotic fracture risk was also not decreased by current GLP1-ra use (adjusted HR 0.97; 95 % CI 0.72-1.32). In addition, stratification according to cumulative dose did not show a decreased bone fracture risk with increasing cumulative GLP1-ra dose. We showed in a population-based cohort study that GLP1-ra use is not associated with a decreased bone fracture risk compared to users of other anti-hyperglycemic drugs. Future research is needed to elucidate the potential working mechanisms of GLP1-ra on bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna H. M. Driessen
- />Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- />Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- />Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald M. A. Henry
- />Department of Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- />Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hein A. W. van Onzenoort
- />Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- />Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arief Lalmohamed
- />Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea M. Burden
- />Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- />Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- />Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- />Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Oxford NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- />MRC Epidemiology Lifecourse Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Cees Neef
- />Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- />Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hubert G. M. Leufkens
- />Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank de Vries
- />Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- />Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- />Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- />MRC Epidemiology Lifecourse Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Driessen JHM, van Onzenoort HAW, Starup-Linde J, Henry R, Neef C, van den Bergh J, Vestergaard P, de Vries F, Burden AM. Use of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors and fracture risk compared to use of other anti-hyperglycemic drugs. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2015; 24:1017-25. [PMID: 26183226 DOI: 10.1002/pds.3837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4-Is) are a new class of anti-hyperglycemic drugs which might have a potential beneficial effect on bone metabolism. Data on the effect of DPP4-I use and fracture risk is limited and conflicting. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between use of DPP4-Is and fracture risk. METHODS A case-control study was conducted using data from the Danish National Health Service. Cases were those who sustained a fracture, and controls were those without a fracture during the study period (2007-2011), all aged 18 years and older. Conditional logistic regression estimated the odds ratios of fracture with current use of DPP4-I use. Analyses were adjusted for comorbidities and recent drug use. RESULTS Among the cases there were 6993 current non-insulin anti-diabetic drug (NIAD) users (excluding incretin users) and 643 DPP4-I users. There were 7209 NIAD users (excluding incretin users) among the controls and 707 DPP4-I users. Current DPP4-I use was not associated with risk of any fracture (adjusted [adj.] OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.79-1.18) or major osteoporotic fracture (adj. OR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.72-1.28). Stratification of current DPP4-I use to cumulative and average daily dose did not show an association. CONCLUSIONS In a population-based case-control study we identified that short-term use of DPP4-I was not associated with fracture risk as compared to users of other anti-hyperglycemic drugs. Additionally, results suggest that increasing daily dose and cumulative DPP4-I exposure were not associated with fracture risk. However, more research is needed to assess the effect of long-term DPP4-I use on the risk of fracture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna H M Driessen
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hein A W van Onzenoort
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jakob Starup-Linde
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ronald Henry
- Department of Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, The Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, The Netherlands
| | - Cees Neef
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joop van den Bergh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, The Netherlands.,Biomedical Research Institute, University Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Peter Vestergaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Frank de Vries
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,MRC Epidemiology Lifecourse Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Andrea M Burden
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
El Assar M, Angulo J, Santos-Ruiz M, Moreno P, Novials A, Villanueva-Peñacarrillo ML, Rodríguez-Mañas L. Differential effect of amylin on endothelial-dependent vasodilation in mesenteric arteries from control and insulin resistant rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120479. [PMID: 25807378 PMCID: PMC4373784 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is frequently associated with endothelial dysfunction and has been proposed to play a major role in cardiovascular disease (CVD). On the other hand, amylin has long been related to IR. However the role of amylin in the vascular dysfunction associated to IR is not well addressed. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the effect of acute treatment with amylin on endothelium-dependent vasodilation of isolated mesenteric arteries from control (CR) and insulin resistant (IRR) rats and to evaluate the possible mechanisms involved. Five week-old male Wistar rats received 20% D-fructose dissolved in drinking water for 8 weeks and were compared with age-matched CR. Plasmatic levels of glucose, insulin and amylin were measured. Mesenteric microvessels were dissected and mounted in wire myographs to evaluate endothelium-dependent vasodilation to acetylcholine. IRR displayed a significant increase in plasmatic levels of glucose, insulin and amylin and reduced endothelium-dependent relaxation when compared to CR. Acute treatment of mesenteric arteries with r-amylin (40 pM) deteriorated endothelium-dependent responses in CR. Amylin-induced reduction of endothelial responses was unaffected by the H2O2 scavenger, catalase, but was prevented by the extracellular superoxide scavenger, superoxide dismutase (SOD) or the NADPH oxidase inhibitor (VAS2870). By opposite, amylin failed to further inhibit the impaired relaxation in mesenteric arteries of IRR. SOD, or VAS2870, but not catalase, ameliorated the impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation in IRR. At concentrations present in insulin resistance conditions, amylin impairs endothelium-dependent vasodilation in mircrovessels from rats with preserved vascular function and low levels of endogenous amylin. In IRR with established endothelial dysfunction and elevated levels of amylin, additional exposure to this peptide has no effect on endothelial vasodilation. Increased superoxide generation through NADPH oxidase activity may be a common link involved in the endothelial dysfunction associated to insulin resistance and to amylin exposure in CR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariam El Assar
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Angulo
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Santos-Ruiz
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paola Moreno
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anna Novials
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Luisa Villanueva-Peñacarrillo
- Department of Metabolism, Nutrition & Hormones, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS)-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Geriatría del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li X, Jiang L, Yang M, Wu Y, Sun S, Sun J. GLP-1 receptor agonist increases the expression of CTRP3, a novel adipokine, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes through PKA signal pathway. J Endocrinol Invest 2015; 38:73-9. [PMID: 25149084 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-014-0156-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Exendin-4 (Ex-4), a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, on the expression of C1q/TNF-related protein-3 (CTRP3), a novel adipokine, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The role of protein kinase A (PKA) signal pathway in the effects was also investigated. METHODS The mRNA and protein expressions of CTRP3 in 3T3-L1 adiocytes were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot, respectively. Exendin-fragment 9-39 (Ex-9), a specific GLP-1 receptor antagonist, and H89, a selective antagonist of PKA, were used to confirm the signal pathway of Ex-4 on CTRP3. RESULTS 2.5 or 5.0 nmol/l Ex-4 treatment for 8 h increased the expressions of CTRP3 mRNA and protein as well as PKA protein in 3T3-L1 adipocytes significantly, while Ex-9 or H89 blocked the up-regulation of CTRP3 expression induced by Ex-4 completely. CONCLUSION GLP-1 receptor agonist increases the expression of CTRP3 mRNA and protein in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via PKA signal pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - L Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - M Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Y Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - S Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - J Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Driessen JHM, van Onzenoort HAW, Henry RMA, Lalmohamed A, van den Bergh JP, Neef C, Leufkens HGM, de Vries F. Use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors for type 2 diabetes mellitus and risk of fracture. Bone 2014; 68:124-30. [PMID: 25093264 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have an increased bone mineral density as compared to healthy patients, their risk of fracture is elevated. Incretins, new anti-diabetic drugs, may have a protective effect on bone mineral density. However, data on the effect of incretins on fracture risk are limited. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the association between the use of DPP4-I and the risk of fracture. METHODS A retrospective population based cohort study, using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) database (2007-2012), was conducted. Patients (N=216,816) with at least one prescription for a non-insulin anti-diabetic drug (NIAD), aged 18+ during data collection, were matched to one control patient. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratio of any fracture in DPP4 inhibitor (DPP4-I) users versus controls and versus other NIAD patients. Time-dependent adjustments were made for age, sex, life style, comorbidity and drug use. RESULTS The actual duration of DPP4-I use was 1.3years. There was no different risk of fracture comparing current DPP4-I users to controls (adjusted hazard ratio (adj. HR) 0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71-1.13). There was also no increased risk comparing current DPP4-I users to other NIAD users, adj. HR 1.03 (95% CI 0.92-1.15). CONCLUSIONS DPP4-I use was not associated with fracture risk compared to controls and to other NIAD users. However, the duration of DPP4-I use in our database might have been too short to show an association with fracture risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna H M Driessen
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hein A W van Onzenoort
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald M A Henry
- Department of Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, The Netherlands; Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, The Netherlands
| | - Arief Lalmohamed
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joop P van den Bergh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Viecuri Medical Centre, Venlo, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Biomedical Research Institute, University Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Cees Neef
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hubert G M Leufkens
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank de Vries
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands; MRC Epidemiology Lifecourse Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
de la Monte SM, Tong M. Brain metabolic dysfunction at the core of Alzheimer's disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 88:548-59. [PMID: 24380887 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence supports the concept that Alzheimer's disease (AD) is fundamentally a metabolic disease with molecular and biochemical features that correspond with diabetes mellitus and other peripheral insulin resistance disorders. Brain insulin/IGF resistance and its consequences can readily account for most of the structural and functional abnormalities in AD. However, disease pathogenesis is complicated by the fact that AD can occur as a separate disease process, or arise in association with systemic insulin resistance diseases, including diabetes, obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Whether primary or secondary in origin, brain insulin/IGF resistance initiates a cascade of neurodegeneration that is propagated by metabolic dysfunction, increased oxidative and ER stress, neuro-inflammation, impaired cell survival, and dysregulated lipid metabolism. These injurious processes compromise neuronal and glial functions, reduce neurotransmitter homeostasis, and cause toxic oligomeric pTau and (amyloid beta peptide of amyloid beta precursor protein) AβPP-Aβ fibrils and insoluble aggregates (neurofibrillary tangles and plaques) to accumulate in brain. AD progresses due to: (1) activation of a harmful positive feedback loop that progressively worsens the effects of insulin resistance; and (2) the formation of ROS- and RNS-related lipid, protein, and DNA adducts that permanently damage basic cellular and molecular functions. Epidemiologic data suggest that insulin resistance diseases, including AD, are exposure-related in etiology. Furthermore, experimental and lifestyle trend data suggest chronic low-level nitrosamine exposures are responsible. These concepts offer opportunities to discover and implement new treatments and devise preventive measures to conquer the AD and other insulin resistance disease epidemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M de la Monte
- Departments of Pathology (Neuropathology), Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Departments of Neurology, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Departments of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Departments of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Ming Tong
- Departments of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Edgerton DS, An Z, Johnson KMS, Farmer T, Farmer B, Neal D, Cherrington AD. Effects of intraportal exenatide on hepatic glucose metabolism in the conscious dog. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 305:E132-9. [PMID: 23673158 PMCID: PMC3725568 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00160.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Incretins improve glucose metabolism through multiple mechanisms. It remains unclear whether direct hepatic effects are an important part of exenatide's (Ex-4) acute action. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of intraportal delivery of Ex-4 on hepatic glucose production and uptake. Fasted conscious dogs were studied during a hyperglycemic clamp in which glucose was infused into the hepatic portal vein. At the same time, portal saline (control; n = 8) or exenatide was infused at low (0.3 pmol·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹, Ex-4-low; n = 5) or high (0.9 pmol·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹, Ex-4-high; n = 8) rates. Arterial plasma glucose levels were maintained at 160 mg/dl during the experimental period. This required a greater rate of glucose infusion in the Ex-4-high group (1.5 ± 0.4, 2.0 ± 0.7, and 3.7 ± 0.7 mg·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹ between 30 and 240 min in the control, Ex-4-low, and Ex-4-high groups, respectively). Plasma insulin levels were elevated by Ex-4 (arterial: 4,745 ± 428, 5,710 ± 355, and 7,262 ± 1,053 μU/ml; hepatic sinusoidal: 14,679 ± 1,700, 15,341 ± 2,208, and 20,445 ± 4,020 μU/ml, 240 min, area under the curve), whereas the suppression of glucagon was nearly maximal in all groups. Although glucose utilization was greater during Ex-4 infusion (5.92 ± 0.53, 6.41 ± 0.57, and 8.12 ± 0.54 mg·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹), when indices of hepatic, muscle, and whole body glucose uptake were expressed relative to circulating insulin concentrations, there was no indication of insulin-independent effects of Ex-4. Thus, this study does not support the notion that Ex-4 generates acute changes in hepatic glucose metabolism through direct effects on the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dale S Edgerton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ramos-Álvarez I, Martín-Duce A, Moreno-Villegas Z, Sanz R, Aparicio C, Portal-Núñez S, Mantey SA, Jensen RT, González N. Bombesin receptor subtype-3 (BRS-3), a novel candidate as therapeutic molecular target in obesity and diabetes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 367:109-15. [PMID: 23291341 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BRS-3 KO-mice developed obesity and unbalanced glucose metabolism, suggesting an important role of BRS-3 receptor in glucose homeostasis. We explored BRS-3 expression in skeletal muscle from normal, obese or type-2 diabetic (T2D) patients, and the effect of [D-Phe(6), β-Ala(11),Phe(13),Nle(14)]bombesin(6-14)-BRS-3-agonist-peptide (BRS-3-AP) - on glucose-related effects, before or after BRS-3 gene silencing. In muscle tissue and primary cultured myocytes from altered metabolic states, BRS-3 gene/protein expressions were down-regulated. In normal, obese and T2D cells: A) BRS-3-AP as insulin enhanced BRS-3 and GLUT-4 mRNA/protein levels; improving glucotransporter translocation to plasma membrane, and B) BRS-3-AP caused a concentration-related-stimulation of glucose transport, being obese and T2D myocytes more sensitive to the ligand than normal. Wortmannin and PD98059, but not rapamycin, abolished the stimulatory action of BRS-3-AP on glucose transport. BRS-3 plays an important role in glucose metabolism, and could be use as a molecular target, and/or its ligand, as a therapeutic agent for obesity and diabetes treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ramos-Álvarez
- Department of Metabolism, Nutrition and Hormones, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Green CJ, Henriksen TI, Pedersen BK, Solomon TPJ. Glucagon like peptide-1-induced glucose metabolism in differentiated human muscle satellite cells is attenuated by hyperglycemia. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44284. [PMID: 22937169 PMCID: PMC3429413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) stimulates insulin secretion from the pancreas but also has extra-pancreatic effects. GLP-1 may stimulate glucose uptake in cultured muscle cells but the mechanism is not clearly defined. Furthermore, while the pancreatic effects of GLP-1 are glucose-dependent, the glucose-dependency of its extra-pancreatic effects has not been examined. METHODS Skeletal muscle satellite cells isolated from young (22.5 ± 0.97 yr), lean (BMI 22.5 ± 0.6 kg/m(2)), healthy males were differentiated in media containing either 22.5 mM (high) or 5 mM (normal) glucose for 7 days in the absence or presence of insulin and/or various GLP-1 concentrations. Myocellular effects of GLP-1, insulin and glucose were assessed by western-blot, glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis. RESULTS We firstly show that the GLP-1 receptor protein is expressed in differentiated human muscle satellite cells (myocytes). Secondly, we show that in 5 mM glucose media, exposure of myocytes to GLP-1 results in a dose dependent increase in glucose uptake, GLUT4 amount and subsequently glycogen synthesis in a PI3K dependent manner, independent of the insulin signaling cascade. Importantly, we provide evidence that differentiation of human satellite cells in hyperglycemic (22.5 mM glucose) conditions increases GLUT1 expression, and renders the cells insulin resistant and interestingly GLP-1 resistant in terms of glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis. Hyperglycemic conditions did not affect the ability of insulin to phosphorylate downstream targets, PKB or GSK3. Interestingly we show that at 5 mM glucose, GLP-1 increases GLUT4 protein levels and that this effect is abolished by hyperglycemia. CONCLUSIONS GLP-1 increases glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis into fully-differentiated human satellite cells in a PI3-K dependent mechanism potentially through increased GLUT4 protein levels. The latter occurs independently of the insulin signaling pathway. Attenuation of both GLP-1 and insulin-induced glucose metabolism by hyperglycemia is likely to occur downstream of PI3K.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte J Green
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism at Department of Infectious Diseases and Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|