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Geiger C, Needhamsen M, Emanuelsson EB, Norrbom J, Steindorf K, Sundberg CJ, Reitzner SM, Lindholm ME. DNA methylation of exercise-responsive genes differs between trained and untrained men. BMC Biol 2024; 22:147. [PMID: 38965555 PMCID: PMC11225400 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01938-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity is well known for its multiple health benefits and although the knowledge of the underlying molecular mechanisms is increasing, our understanding of the role of epigenetics in long-term training adaptation remains incomplete. In this intervention study, we included individuals with a history of > 15 years of regular endurance or resistance training compared to age-matched untrained controls performing endurance or resistance exercise. We examined skeletal muscle DNA methylation of genes involved in key adaptation processes, including myogenesis, gene regulation, angiogenesis and metabolism. RESULTS A greater number of differentially methylated regions and differentially expressed genes were identified when comparing the endurance group with the control group than in the comparison between the strength group and the control group at baseline. Although the cellular composition of skeletal muscle samples was generally consistent across groups, variations were observed in the distribution of muscle fiber types. Slow-twitch fiber type genes MYH7 and MYL3 exhibited lower promoter methylation and elevated expression in endurance-trained athletes, while the same group showed higher methylation in transcription factors such as FOXO3, CREB5, and PGC-1α. The baseline DNA methylation state of those genes was associated with the transcriptional response to an acute bout of exercise. Acute exercise altered very few of the investigated CpG sites. CONCLUSIONS Endurance- compared to resistance-trained athletes and untrained individuals demonstrated a different DNA methylation signature of selected skeletal muscle genes, which may influence transcriptional dynamics following a bout of acute exercise. Skeletal muscle fiber type distribution is associated with methylation of fiber type specific genes. Our results suggest that the baseline DNA methylation landscape in skeletal muscle influences the transcription of regulatory genes in response to an acute exercise bout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Geiger
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Physical Activity, Prevention and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical School, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Needhamsen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric B Emanuelsson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica Norrbom
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karen Steindorf
- Division of Physical Activity, Prevention and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carl Johan Sundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Stefan M Reitzner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department for Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malene E Lindholm
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Center for Inherited Cardiovascular Disease, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 870 Quarry Rd, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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2
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Li JX, Huang XZ, Fu WP, Zhang XH, Mauki DH, Zhang J, Sun C, Dai LM, Zhong L, Yu L, Zhang YP. Remote regulation of rs80245547 and rs72673891 mediated by transcription factors C-Jun and CREB1 affect GSTCD expression. iScience 2023; 26:107383. [PMID: 37609638 PMCID: PMC10440715 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the third leading cause of death worldwide, is influenced by genetic factors. The genetic signal rs10516526 in the glutathione S-transferase C-terminal domain containing (GSTCD) gene is a highly significant and reproducible signal associated with lung function and COPD on chromosome 4q24. In this study, comprehensive bioinformatics analyses and experimental verifications were detailly implemented to explore the regulation mechanism of rs10516526 and GSTCD in COPD. The results suggested that low expression of GSTCD was associated with COPD (p = 0.010). And C-Jun and CREB1 transcription factors were found to be essential for the regulation of GSTCD by rs80245547 and rs72673891. Moreover, rs80245547T and rs72673891G had a stronger binding ability to these transcription factors, which may promote the allele-specific long-range enhancer-promoter interactions on GSTCD, thus making COPD less susceptible. Our study provides a new insight into the relationship between rs10516526, GSTCD, and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xiu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resource in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, and Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Xue-Zhen Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resource in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Wei-ping Fu
- Department of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Xiao-hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resource in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650000, China
| | - David H. Mauki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Center for Cancer Immunology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Chang Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resource in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650000, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710000, China
| | - Lu-Ming Dai
- Department of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Li Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resource in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650000, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710000, China
- Provincial Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710000, China
| | - Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resource in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Ya-ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resource in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, and Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650000, China
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3
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Dent JR, Stocks B, Campelj DG, Philp A. Transient changes to metabolic homeostasis initiate mitochondrial adaptation to endurance exercise. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 143:3-16. [PMID: 35351374 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endurance exercise is well established to increase mitochondrial content and function in skeletal muscle, a process termed mitochondrial biogenesis. Current understanding is that exercise initiates skeletal muscle mitochondrial remodeling via modulation of cellular nutrient, energetic and contractile stress pathways. These subtle changes in the cellular milieu are sensed by numerous transduction pathways that serve to initiate and coordinate an increase in mitochondrial gene transcription and translation. The result of these acute signaling events is the promotion of growth and assembly of mitochondria, coupled to a greater capacity for aerobic ATP provision in skeletal muscle. The aim of this review is to highlight the acute metabolic events induced by endurance exercise and the subsequent molecular pathways that sense this transient change in cellular homeostasis to drive mitochondrial adaptation and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Dent
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ben Stocks
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dean G Campelj
- Mitochondrial Metabolism and Ageing Laboratory, Healthy Ageing Research Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew Philp
- Mitochondrial Metabolism and Ageing Laboratory, Healthy Ageing Research Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Medical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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4
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Gurd BJ, Menezes ES, Arhen BB, Islam H. Impacts of altered exercise volume, intensity, and duration on the activation of AMPK and CaMKII and increases in PGC-1α mRNA. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 143:17-27. [PMID: 35680515 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to explore and discuss the impacts of augmented training volume, intensity, and duration on the phosphorylation/activation of key signaling protein - AMPK, CaMKII and PGC-1α - involved in the initiation of mitochondrial biogenesis. Specifically, we explore the impacts of augmented exercise protocols on AMP/ADP and Ca2+ signaling and changes in post exercise PGC - 1α gene expression. Although AMP/ADP concentrations appear to increase with increasing intensity and during extended durations of higher intensity exercise AMPK activation results are varied with some results supporting and intensity/duration effect and others not. Similarly, CaMKII activation and signaling results following exercise of different intensities and durations are inconsistent. The PGC-1α literature is equally inconsistent with only some studies demonstrating an effect of intensity on post exercise mRNA expression. We present a novel meta-analysis that suggests that the inconsistency in the PGC-1α literature may be due to sample size and statistical power limitations owing to the effect of intensity on PGC-1α expression being small. There is little data available regarding the impact of exercise duration on PGC-1α expression. We highlight the need for future well designed, adequately statistically powered, studies to clarify our understanding of the effects of volume, intensity, and duration on the induction of mitochondrial biogenesis by exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendon J Gurd
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | - Benjamin B Arhen
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hashim Islam
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
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5
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Makhnovskii PA, Bokov RO, Kolpakov FA, Popov DV. Transcriptomic Signatures and Upstream Regulation in Human Skeletal Muscle Adapted to Disuse and Aerobic Exercise. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031208. [PMID: 33530535 PMCID: PMC7866200 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inactivity is associated with the development of numerous disorders. Regular aerobic exercise is broadly used as a key intervention to prevent and treat these pathological conditions. In our meta-analysis we aimed to identify and compare (i) the transcriptomic signatures related to disuse, regular and acute aerobic exercise in human skeletal muscle and (ii) the biological effects and transcription factors associated with these transcriptomic changes. A standardized workflow with robust cut-off criteria was used to analyze 27 transcriptomic datasets for the vastus lateralis muscle of healthy humans subjected to disuse, regular and acute aerobic exercise. We evaluated the role of transcriptional regulation in the phenotypic changes described in the literature. The responses to chronic interventions (disuse and regular training) partially correspond to the phenotypic effects. Acute exercise induces changes that are mainly related to the regulation of gene expression, including a strong enrichment of several transcription factors (most of which are related to the ATF/CREB/AP-1 superfamily) and a massive increase in the expression levels of genes encoding transcription factors and co-activators. Overall, the adaptation strategies of skeletal muscle to decreased and increased levels of physical activity differ in direction and demonstrate qualitative differences that are closely associated with the activation of different sets of transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel A. Makhnovskii
- Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia; (P.A.M.); (R.O.B.)
| | - Roman O. Bokov
- Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia; (P.A.M.); (R.O.B.)
| | - Fedor A. Kolpakov
- Institute of Computational Technologies of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Daniil V. Popov
- Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia; (P.A.M.); (R.O.B.)
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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6
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PGC-1α alternative promoter (Exon 1b) controls augmentation of total PGC-1α gene expression in response to cold water immersion and low glycogen availability. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:2487-2493. [PMID: 32840695 PMCID: PMC7560925 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This investigation sought to determine whether post-exercise cold water immersion and low glycogen availability, separately and in combination, would preferentially activate either the Exon 1a or Exon 1b Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) promoter. Through a reanalysis of sample design, we identified that the systemic cold-induced augmentation of total PGC-1α gene expression observed previously (Allan et al. in J Appl Physiol 123(2):451–459, 2017) was largely a result of increased expression from the alternative promoter (Exon 1b), rather than canonical promoter (Exon 1a). Low glycogen availability in combination with local cooling of the muscle (Allan et al. in Physiol Rep 7(11):e14082, 2019) demonstrated that PGC-1α alternative promoter (Exon 1b) expression continued to rise at 3 h post-exercise in all conditions; whilst, expression from the canonical promoter (Exon 1a) decreased between the same time points (post-exercise–3 h post-exercise). Importantly, this increase in PGC-1α Exon 1b expression was reduced compared to the response of low glycogen or cold water immersion alone, suggesting that the combination of prior low glycogen and CWI post-exercise impaired the response in gene expression versus these conditions individually. Data herein emphasise the influence of post-exercise cooling and low glycogen availability on Exon-specific control of total PGC-1 α gene expression and highlight the need for future research to assess Exon-specific regulation of PGC-1α.
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7
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Transcriptomic profiling of skeletal muscle adaptations to exercise and inactivity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:470. [PMID: 31980607 PMCID: PMC6981202 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13869-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying the response to exercise and inactivity are not fully understood. We propose an innovative approach to profile the skeletal muscle transcriptome to exercise and inactivity using 66 published datasets. Data collected from human studies of aerobic and resistance exercise, including acute and chronic exercise training, were integrated using meta-analysis methods (www.metamex.eu). Here we use gene ontology and pathway analyses to reveal selective pathways activated by inactivity, aerobic versus resistance and acute versus chronic exercise training. We identify NR4A3 as one of the most exercise- and inactivity-responsive genes, and establish a role for this nuclear receptor in mediating the metabolic responses to exercise-like stimuli in vitro. The meta-analysis (MetaMEx) also highlights the differential response to exercise in individuals with metabolic impairments. MetaMEx provides the most extensive dataset of skeletal muscle transcriptional responses to different modes of exercise and an online interface to readily interrogate the database. The pathways that underlie the effects of exercise on metabolism remain incompletely described. Here, the authors perform a meta-analysis of transcriptomic data from 66 published datasets of human skeletal muscle. They identify pathways selectively activated by inactivity, aerobic or resistance exercise, and characterize NR4A3 as one of the genes responsive to inactivity.
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8
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Inayat H, Azim MK, Baloch AA. Analysis of Inflammatory Gene Expression Profile of Peripheral Blood Leukocytes in Type 2 Diabetes. Immunol Invest 2019; 48:618-631. [PMID: 30961396 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2019.1586917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is associated with perturbation of innate immune response. Several studies indicated alteration of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and other mediators of innate immune response in T2DM. This study was designed to perform quantitative PCR-based expression profiling of genes involved in inflammation (i.e. CASP1, CASP5, CCL5, CXC11, CCR5, NF-Κb, IL-4, PPARG and PGC1α) in peripheral blood leukocytes of T2DM patients. The T2DM patients are often prescribed with metformin and insulin while metformin has also been reported to possess anti-inflammatory activity. To address the question whether metformin exerts any effect on inflammatory mediators in bloodstream, human subjects in this study were divided into four groups on the basis of medication they were taking during last 6 month. These groups included NT-T2DM (T2DM patients not taking medication, n = 34), Met-T2DM (T2DM patients taking metformin, n = 33), INS-T2DM (T2DM patients taking insulin, n = 15) and NGT (normoglycemic subjects, n = 34) groups. Differential expression of gene transcripts at a cutoff of fourfold was considered significant. In the NT-T2DM group, transcripts of inflammation-related genes (i.e. CASP1, CASP5, CCL5, CCR5 and NF-kB) were up-regulated while transcripts of PPARG and PGC1α genes were down-regulated compared to NGT group. On the other hand, down-regulation of CASP1, CASP5, CCL5, CCR5 and NF-kB transcripts was evident in Met-T2DM and INS-T2DM groups when compared to the NT-T2DM group. The Met-T2DM group and INS-T2DM group showed a significant difference in the transcript level of CASP1 and CCL5 which are more down-regulated in the Met-T2DM group compared to INS-T2DM group. These findings indicated that (a) in T2DM, expression of inflammation-related genes is up-regulated and (b) anti-inflammatory activity of metformin appears to be independent of its anti-hyperglycemic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humera Inayat
- a H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences , University of Karachi , Karachi , Pakistan
| | - M Kamran Azim
- b Department of Biosciences , Mohammad Ali Jinnah University , Karachi , Pakistan
| | - Akhter Ali Baloch
- c National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology , Dow University Health Sciences , Karachi , Pakistan
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9
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Stocks B, Dent JR, Ogden HB, Zemp M, Philp A. Postexercise skeletal muscle signaling responses to moderate- to high-intensity steady-state exercise in the fed or fasted state. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E230-E238. [PMID: 30512989 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00311.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Exercise performed in the fasted state acutely increases fatty acid availability and utilization. Furthermore, activation of energy-sensing pathways and fatty acid metabolic genes can be augmented by fasting and fasted exercise. However, whether a similar effect occurs at higher exercise intensities remains poorly understood. This study aimed to assess the effect of fed and fasted exercise upon postexercise signaling and mRNA responses during moderate- to high-intensity steady-state exercise. Eight male participants [age: 25 (SD 2) yr, V̇o2peak: 47.9 (SD 3.8) ml·kg-1·min-1] performed 1 h of cycling at 70% Wmax in the fasted (FAST) state or 2 h following ingestion of a carbohydrate-rich mixed-macronutrient breakfast (FED). Muscle biopsies were collected pre-, immediately, and 3 h postexercise from the medial vastus lateralis, while venous blood samples were collected throughout the trial. Plasma, nonesterified fatty acid, and glycerol concentrations were elevated during FAST compared with FED, although substrate utilization during exercise was similar. AMPKThr172 phosphorylation was ~2.5-fold elevated postexercise in both trials and was significantly augmented by ~30% during FAST. CREBSer133 phosphorylation was elevated approximately twofold during FAST, although CREBSer133 phosphorylation acutely decreased by ~50% immediately postexercise. mRNA expression of PDK4 was approximately three- to fourfold augmented by exercise and approximately twofold elevated throughout FAST, while expression of PPARGC1A mRNA was similarly activated (~10-fold) by exercise in both FED and FAST. In summary, performing moderate- to high-intensity steady-state exercise in the fasted state increases systemic lipid availability, elevates phosphorylation of AMPKThr172 and CREBSer133, and augments PDK4 mRNA expression without corresponding increases in whole body fat oxidation and the mRNA expression of PPARGC1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Stocks
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , United Kingdom
| | - Jessica R Dent
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , United Kingdom
| | - Henry B Ogden
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , United Kingdom
| | - Martina Zemp
- Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Andrew Philp
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , United Kingdom
- Mitochondrial Metabolism and Ageing Laboratory, Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research , Darlinghurst , Australia
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10
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Principles of Exercise Prescription, and How They Influence Exercise-Induced Changes of Transcription Factors and Other Regulators of Mitochondrial Biogenesis. Sports Med 2019; 48:1541-1559. [PMID: 29675670 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0894-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Physical inactivity represents the fourth leading risk factor for mortality, and it has been linked with a series of chronic disorders, the treatment of which absorbs ~ 85% of healthcare costs in developed countries. Conversely, physical activity promotes many health benefits; endurance exercise in particular represents a powerful stimulus to induce mitochondrial biogenesis, and it is routinely used to prevent and treat chronic metabolic disorders linked with sub-optimal mitochondrial characteristics. Given the importance of maintaining a healthy mitochondrial pool, it is vital to better characterize how manipulating the endurance exercise dose affects cellular mechanisms of exercise-induced mitochondrial biogenesis. Herein, we propose a definition of mitochondrial biogenesis and the techniques available to assess it, and we emphasize the importance of standardizing biopsy timing and the determination of relative exercise intensity when comparing different studies. We report an intensity-dependent regulation of exercise-induced increases in nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) protein content, nuclear phosphorylation of p53 (serine 15), and PGC-1α messenger RNA (mRNA), as well as training-induced increases in PGC-1α and p53 protein content. Despite evidence that PGC-1α protein content plateaus within a few exercise sessions, we demonstrate that greater training volumes induce further increases in PGC-1α (and p53) protein content, and that short-term reductions in training volume decrease the content of both proteins, suggesting training volume is still a factor affecting training-induced mitochondrial biogenesis. Finally, training-induced changes in mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) protein content are regulated in a training volume-dependent manner and have been linked with training-induced changes in mitochondrial content.
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11
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Popov DV, Lysenko EA, Bokov RO, Volodina MA, Kurochkina NS, Makhnovskii PA, Vyssokikh MY, Vinogradova OL. Effect of aerobic training on baseline expression of signaling and respiratory proteins in human skeletal muscle. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13868. [PMID: 30198217 PMCID: PMC6129775 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Most studies examining the molecular mechanisms underlying adaptation of human skeletal muscles to aerobic exercise focused on the response to acute exercise. Here, we examined the effect of a 2-month aerobic training program on baseline parameters in human muscle. Ten untrained males performed a one-legged knee extension exercise for 1 h with the same relative intensity before and after a 2-month aerobic training program. Biopsy samples were taken from vastus lateralis muscle at rest before and after the 2 month training program (baseline samples). Additionally, biopsy samples were taken from the exercised leg 1 and 4 h after the one-legged continuous knee extension exercise. Aerobic training decreases baseline phosphorylation of FOXO1Ser256 , increases that of CaMKIIThr286 , CREB1Ser133 , increases baseline expression of mitochondrial proteins in respiratory complexes I-V, and some regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis (TFAM, NR4A3, and CRTC2). An increase in the baseline content of these proteins was not associated with a change in baseline expression of their genes. The increase in the baseline content of regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis (TFAM and NR4A3) was associated with a transient increase in transcription after acute exercise. Contrariwise, the increase in the baseline content of respiratory proteins does not seem to be regulated at the transcriptional level; rather, it is associated with other mechanisms. Adaptation of human skeletal muscle to regular aerobic exercise is associated not only with transient molecular responses to exercise, but also with changes in baseline phosphorylation and expression of regulatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil V. Popov
- Laboratory of Exercise PhysiologyInstitute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia
- Faculty of Fundamental MedicineM.V. Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Evgeny A. Lysenko
- Laboratory of Exercise PhysiologyInstitute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia
- Faculty of Fundamental MedicineM.V. Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Roman O. Bokov
- Laboratory of Exercise PhysiologyInstitute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia
| | - Maria A. Volodina
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial MedicineResearch Center for ObstetricsGynecology and PerinatologyMinistry of Healthcare of the Russian FederationMoscowRussia
| | - Nadia S. Kurochkina
- Laboratory of Exercise PhysiologyInstitute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia
| | - Pavel A. Makhnovskii
- Laboratory of Exercise PhysiologyInstitute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia
| | - Mikhail Y. Vyssokikh
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial MedicineResearch Center for ObstetricsGynecology and PerinatologyMinistry of Healthcare of the Russian FederationMoscowRussia
| | - Olga L. Vinogradova
- Laboratory of Exercise PhysiologyInstitute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia
- Faculty of Fundamental MedicineM.V. Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia
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12
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Intensity-dependent gene expression after aerobic exercise in endurance-trained skeletal muscle. Biol Sport 2018; 35:277-289. [PMID: 30449946 PMCID: PMC6224845 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2018.77828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated acute exercise-induced gene expression in skeletal muscle adapted to aerobic training. Vastus lateralis muscle samples were taken in ten endurance-trained males prior to, and just after, 4 h, and 8 h after acute cycling sessions with different intensities, 70% and 50% V˙O2max. High-throughput RNA sequencing was applied in samples from two subjects to evaluate differentially expressed genes after intensive exercise (70% V˙O2max), and then the changes in expression for selected genes were validated by quantitative PCR (qPCR). To define exercise-induced genes, we compared gene expression after acute exercise with different intensities, 70% and 50% V˙O2max, by qPCR. The transcriptome is dynamically changed during the first hours of recovery after intensive exercise (70% V˙O2max). A computational approach revealed that the changes might be related to up- and down-regulation of the activity of transcription activators and repressors, respectively. The exercise increased expression of many genes encoding protein kinases, while genes encoding transcriptional regulators were both up- and down-regulated. Evaluation of the gene expression after exercise with different intensities revealed that some genes changed expression in an intensity-dependent manner, but others did not: the majority of genes encoding protein kinases, oxidative phosphorylation and activator protein (AP)-1-related genes significantly correlated with markers of exercise stress (power, blood lactate during exercise and post-exercise blood cortisol), while transcriptional repressors and circadian-related genes did not. Some of the changes in gene expression after exercise seemingly may be modulated by circadian rhythm.
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Kaarniranta K, Kajdanek J, Morawiec J, Pawlowska E, Blasiak J. PGC-1α Protects RPE Cells of the Aging Retina against Oxidative Stress-Induced Degeneration through the Regulation of Senescence and Mitochondrial Quality Control. The Significance for AMD Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082317. [PMID: 30087287 PMCID: PMC6121367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PGC-1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha) is a transcriptional coactivator of many genes involved in energy management and mitochondrial biogenesis. PGC-1α expression is associated with cellular senescence, organismal aging, and many age-related diseases, including AMD (age-related macular degeneration), an important global issue concerning vision loss. We and others have developed a model of AMD pathogenesis, in which stress-induced senescence of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells leads to AMD-related pathological changes. PGC-1α can decrease oxidative stress, a key factor of AMD pathogenesis related to senescence, through upregulation of antioxidant enzymes and DNA damage response. PGC-1α is an important regulator of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), which is targeted in the therapy of wet AMD, the most devastating form of AMD. Dysfunction of mitochondria induces cellular senescence associated with AMD pathogenesis. PGC-1α can improve mitochondrial biogenesis and negatively regulate senescence, although this function of PGC-1α in AMD needs further studies. Post-translational modifications of PGC-1α by AMPK (AMP kinase) and SIRT1 (sirtuin 1) are crucial for its activation and important in AMD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, 70029 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Jakub Kajdanek
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Jan Morawiec
- Department of General and Colorectal Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Pl. Hallera 1, 90-647 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Elzbieta Pawlowska
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-216 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Janusz Blasiak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
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Popov DV, Lysenko EA, Makhnovskii PA, Kurochkina NS, Vinogradova OL. Regulation of PPARGC1A gene expression in trained and untrained human skeletal muscle. Physiol Rep 2018; 5. [PMID: 29233908 PMCID: PMC5727290 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Promoter‐specific expression of the PPARGC1A gene in untrained and trained human skeletal muscle was investigated. Ten untrained males performed a one‐legged knee extension exercise (for 60 min) with the same relative intensity both before and after 8 weeks of cycling training. Samples from the m. vastus lateralis of each leg were taken before and after exercise. Postexercise PPARGC1A gene expression via the canonical promoter increased by ~100% (P < 0.05) in exercised and nonexercised untrained muscles, but did not change in either leg after training program. In untrained and trained exercised muscle, PPARGC1A gene expression via the alternative promoter increased by two orders of magnitude (P < 0.01). We found increases in postexercise content of dephosphorylated (activated) CRTC2, a coactivator of CREB1, in untrained exercised muscle and in expression of CREB1‐related genes in untrained and trained exercised muscle (P < 0.01–0.05); this may partially explain the increased expression of PPARGC1A via the alternative promoter. In addition, comparison of the regulatory regions of both promoters revealed unique conserved motifs in the alternative promoter that were associated with transcriptional repressors SNAI1 and HIC1. In conclusion, in untrained muscle, exercise‐induced expression of the PPARGC1A gene via the canonical promoter may be regulated by systemic factors, while in trained muscle the canonical promoter shows constitutive expression at rest and after exercise. Exercise‐induced expression of PPARGC1A via the alternative promoter relates to intramuscular factors and associates with activation of CRTC2‐CREB1. Apparently, expression via the alternative promoter is regulated by other transcription factors, particularly repressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil V Popov
- Laboratory of exercise physiology, Institute of Biomedical problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny A Lysenko
- Laboratory of exercise physiology, Institute of Biomedical problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel A Makhnovskii
- Laboratory of exercise physiology, Institute of Biomedical problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadia S Kurochkina
- Laboratory of exercise physiology, Institute of Biomedical problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga L Vinogradova
- Laboratory of exercise physiology, Institute of Biomedical problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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15
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Popov DV. Adaptation of Skeletal Muscles to Contractile Activity of Varying Duration and Intensity: The Role of PGC-1α. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 83:613-628. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918060019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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16
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Dantas WS, Murai IH, Perandini LA, Azevedo H, Moreira-Filho CA, Camara NOS, Roschel H, Gualano B. Acute exercise elicits differential expression of insulin resistance genes in the skeletal muscle of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2017; 86:688-697. [PMID: 28177124 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the role of acute exercise on skeletal muscle gene expression related to insulin resistance in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and controls. METHODS Four obese women with PCOS and four body mass index (BMI)-matched controls (CTRL) participated in this study. After an overnight fast, the subjects underwent a single 40-min bout of aerobic exercise. Muscle samples were obtained from vastus lateralis at baseline and 60 min after exercise. The expression of a panel of insulin resistance genes was evaluated by a quantitative PCR array system. Network-based analyses were performed to interpret transcriptional changes occurring before and after the exercise challenge. RESULTS Overall, differentially expressed genes associated with mitochondria function and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signalling were identified. At baseline, there was a significant upregulation of six genes exclusively in PCOS (i.e. NFKBIA, MAPK3, PPARGC1A, GAPDH, ACTB and PPARA). Twelve genes were upregulated in CTRL after a single bout of aerobic exercise (i.e. LEPR, CXCR4, CCR5, IL-18R1, CRLF2, ACACA, CEBPA, PPARGC1A, UCP1, TNFRSF1B, TLR4 and IKBKB). After the exercise session, three genes were upregulated in PCOS (i.e. SOCS3, NAMPT and IL-8), whilst IL-6 was upregulated in both groups after exercise. CONCLUSIONS This study provides novel evidence on the effects of acute exercise on insulin resistance genes in skeletal muscle of PCOS. The differentially expressed genes reported herein could be further investigated as targets for therapeutic interventions aimed at improving insulin resistance in this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner Silva Dantas
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Igor Hisashi Murai
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Augusto Perandini
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hatylas Azevedo
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hamilton Roschel
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Rheumatology Division, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Gualano
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Rheumatology Division, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Popov DV, Lysenko EA, Butkov AD, Vepkhvadze TF, Perfilov DV, Vinogradova OL. AMPK does not play a requisite role in regulation ofPPARGC1Agene expression via the alternative promoter in endurance-trained human skeletal muscle. Exp Physiol 2017; 102:366-375. [DOI: 10.1113/ep086074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniil V. Popov
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology; Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine; M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
| | - Evgeny A. Lysenko
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology; Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine; M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
| | - Alexey D. Butkov
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology; Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
| | - Tatiana F. Vepkhvadze
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology; Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
| | - Dmitriy V. Perfilov
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology; Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
| | - Olga L. Vinogradova
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology; Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine; M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
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Albani D, Pupillo E, Bianchi E, Chierchia A, Martines R, Forloni G, Beghi E. The role of single-nucleotide variants of the energy metabolism-linked genes SIRT3, PPARGC1A and APOE in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis risk. Genes Genet Syst 2016; 91:301-309. [DOI: 10.1266/ggs.16-00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Albani
- Laboratory of Biology of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri
| | - Elisabetta Pupillo
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri
| | - Elisa Bianchi
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri
| | - Armando Chierchia
- Laboratory of Biology of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri
| | - Rosalba Martines
- Laboratory of Biology of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri
| | - Gianluigi Forloni
- Laboratory of Biology of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri
| | - Ettore Beghi
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri
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