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Loaiza-Moss J, Braun U, Leitges M. Transcriptome Profiling of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast Spontaneous Immortalization: A Comparative Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8116. [PMID: 39125691 PMCID: PMC11311763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell immortalization, a hallmark of cancer development, is a process that cells can undergo on their path to carcinogenesis. Spontaneously immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) have been used for decades; however, changes in the global transcriptome during this process have been poorly described. In our research, we characterized the poly-A RNA transcriptome changes after spontaneous immortalization. To this end, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using DESeq2 and characterized by gene ontology enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis to identify the potential hub genes. In our study, we identified changes in the expression of genes involved in proliferation regulation, cell adhesion, immune response and transcriptional regulation in immortalized MEFs. In addition, we performed a comparative analysis with previously reported MEF immortalization data, where we propose a predicted gene regulatory network model in immortalized MEFs based on the altered expression of Mapk11, Cdh1, Chl1, Zic1, Hoxd10 and the novel hub genes Il6 and Itgb2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Leitges
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. Johns, NL A1B 3V6, Canada; (J.L.-M.); (U.B.)
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Sun H, Li X, Long Q, Wang X, Zhu W, Chen E, Zhou W, Yang H, Huang C, Deng W, Chen M. TERC promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression by facilitating the nuclear localization of TERT. iScience 2024; 27:109869. [PMID: 38799568 PMCID: PMC11126826 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The core of telomerase consists of the protein subunit telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and the telomerase RNA component (TERC). So far, the role of TERC in cancer development has remained elusive. Here, we found TERC expression elevated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues, which was associated with disease progression and poor prognosis in patients. Using NSCLC cell lines and xenograft models, we showed that knockdown of TERC caused cell cycle arrest, and inhibition of cell proliferation and migration. Mechanistically, TERC was exported to the cytoplasm by nuclear RNA export factor 1 (NXF1), where it mediated the interaction of TERT with other telomerase subunits. Depletion of TERC hindered the assembly and subsequent nuclear localization of the telomerase complex, preventing TERT from functioning in telomere maintenance and transcription regulation. Our findings suggest that TERC is a potential biomarker for NSCLC diagnosis and prognosis and can be a target for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Xiaodi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Qian Long
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Wancui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Enni Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Han Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Chuyang Huang
- Department of Urology, Shaoyang Central Hospital, University of South China, Shaoyang, Hunan 422000, China
| | - Wuguo Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Miao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
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Shen C, Jiang K, Zhang W, Su B, Wang Z, Chen X, Zheng B, He T. LASSO regression and WGCNA-based telomerase-associated lncRNA signaling predicts clear cell renal cell carcinoma prognosis and immunotherapy response. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:9386-9409. [PMID: 38819232 PMCID: PMC11210217 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether telomerase-associated lncRNA expression affects the prognosis and anti-tumor immunity of patients with renal clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC). METHODS A series of analyses were performed to establish a prognostic risk model and validate its accuracy. Immune-related analyses were performed to assess further the association between immune status, tumor microenvironment, and prognostic risk models. RESULTS Eight telomerase-associated lncRNAs associated with prognosis were identified and applied to establish a prognostic risk model. Overall survival was higher in the low-risk group. CONCLUSION The established prognostic risk model has a good predictive ability for the prognosis of ccRCC patients and provides a new possible therapeutic target for ccRCC.
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MESH Headings
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/mortality
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/therapy
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/metabolism
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
- Humans
- Kidney Neoplasms/genetics
- Kidney Neoplasms/immunology
- Kidney Neoplasms/mortality
- Kidney Neoplasms/therapy
- Telomerase/genetics
- Telomerase/metabolism
- Prognosis
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
- Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Male
- Female
- Gene Regulatory Networks
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Shen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
- Medical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Kaiyao Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
- Medical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Baohui Su
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
- Medical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Xinfeng Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Bing Zheng
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Tao He
- Party Committe and Hospital Administration Office, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
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Talati VP, Karn V, Gadewal N, Bastikar VA. Mechanistic influence of discreet conformation of human telomerase linker region. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38319038 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2310212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Approximately 90% of malignancies have been shown to have human telomerase activity, establishing it as a viable therapeutic target. The crystal structure of telomerase was determined recently. However, the tertiary structure of the non-conserved flexible linker region remains unresolved. This study aims to predict the full-length tertiary structure of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). Two strategies were employed to determine the full-length structure of hTERT (1132 amino acids); iterative threading and a conjoined model generated from machine learning and energy functions. After energy minimization, Ramachandran Plot analysis, and simulation; the conjoined model was considered of better quality and stability. The linker region of the conjoined depicted two helices from approximately 275-284 and 201-211 amino acids respectively in contrast to the iterative threading model which has a single helix. Moreover, the region was observed to undergo major structural changes throughout the simulation. These changes signify its flexibility which might be due to the region having a significant number of glycine and proline and could enhance the clamping movement.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun P Talati
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vamika Karn
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nikhil Gadewal
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Virupaksha A Bastikar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Schöpf J, Uhrig S, Heilig CE, Lee KS, Walther T, Carazzato A, Dobberkau AM, Weichenhan D, Plass C, Hartmann M, Diwan GD, Carrero ZI, Ball CR, Hohl T, Kindler T, Rudolph-Hähnel P, Helm D, Schneider M, Nilsson A, Øra I, Imle R, Banito A, Russell RB, Jones BC, Lipka DB, Glimm H, Hübschmann D, Hartmann W, Fröhling S, Scholl C. Multi-omic and functional analysis for classification and treatment of sarcomas with FUS-TFCP2 or EWSR1-TFCP2 fusions. Nat Commun 2024; 15:51. [PMID: 38168093 PMCID: PMC10761971 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44360-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Linking clinical multi-omics with mechanistic studies may improve the understanding of rare cancers. We leverage two precision oncology programs to investigate rhabdomyosarcoma with FUS/EWSR1-TFCP2 fusions, an orphan malignancy without effective therapies. All tumors exhibit outlier ALK expression, partly accompanied by intragenic deletions and aberrant splicing resulting in ALK variants that are oncogenic and sensitive to ALK inhibitors. Additionally, recurrent CKDN2A/MTAP co-deletions provide a rationale for PRMT5-targeted therapies. Functional studies show that FUS-TFCP2 blocks myogenic differentiation, induces transcription of ALK and truncated TERT, and inhibits DNA repair. Unlike other fusion-driven sarcomas, TFCP2-rearranged tumors exhibit genomic instability and signs of defective homologous recombination. DNA methylation profiling demonstrates a close relationship with undifferentiated sarcomas. In two patients, sarcoma was preceded by benign lesions carrying FUS-TFCP2, indicating stepwise sarcomagenesis. This study illustrates the potential of linking precision oncology with preclinical research to gain insight into the classification, pathogenesis, and therapeutic vulnerabilities of rare cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schöpf
- Division of Applied Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT Heidelberg, a Partnership Between DKFZ and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Translational Medical Oncology, DKFZ, and NCT Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Uhrig
- Computational Oncology Group, Molecular Precision Oncology Program, NCT Heidelberg, and DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph E Heilig
- Division of Translational Medical Oncology, DKFZ, and NCT Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kwang-Seok Lee
- Division of Translational Medical Oncology, DKFZ, and NCT Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tatjana Walther
- Division of Translational Medical Oncology, DKFZ, and NCT Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Carazzato
- Division of Translational Medical Oncology, DKFZ, and NCT Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Maria Dobberkau
- Section of Translational Cancer Epigenomics, Division of Translational Medical Oncology, DKFZ, and NCT Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Mark Hartmann
- Section of Translational Cancer Epigenomics, Division of Translational Medical Oncology, DKFZ, and NCT Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gaurav D Diwan
- Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zunamys I Carrero
- Department for Translational Medical Oncology, NCT, NCT/UCC Dresden, a Partnership Between DKFZ, Heidelberg Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia R Ball
- Department for Translational Medical Oncology, NCT, NCT/UCC Dresden, a Partnership Between DKFZ, Heidelberg Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany
- Translational Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias Hohl
- Division of Applied Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT Heidelberg, a Partnership Between DKFZ and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kindler
- University Cancer Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Medical Oncology and Pneumology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Mainz, Germany
| | - Patricia Rudolph-Hähnel
- University Cancer Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Medical Oncology and Pneumology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Mainz, Germany
| | - Dominic Helm
- Proteomics Core Facility, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Anna Nilsson
- Pediatric Oncology and Coagulation, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Øra
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Roland Imle
- Soft-Tissue Sarcoma Junior Research Group, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ) and NCT Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ana Banito
- Soft-Tissue Sarcoma Junior Research Group, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ) and NCT Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert B Russell
- Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara C Jones
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ) and NCT Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel B Lipka
- Section of Translational Cancer Epigenomics, Division of Translational Medical Oncology, DKFZ, and NCT Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hanno Glimm
- Department for Translational Medical Oncology, NCT, NCT/UCC Dresden, a Partnership Between DKFZ, Heidelberg Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany
- Translational Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD, Dresden, Germany
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Hübschmann
- Computational Oncology Group, Molecular Precision Oncology Program, NCT Heidelberg, and DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Pattern Recognition and Digital Medicine Group, Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hartmann
- Gerhard Domagk Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Fröhling
- Division of Translational Medical Oncology, DKFZ, and NCT Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Claudia Scholl
- Division of Applied Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT Heidelberg, a Partnership Between DKFZ and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Praiss AM, Marra A, Zhou Q, Rios-Doria E, Momeni-Boroujeni A, Iasonos A, Selenica P, Brown DN, Aghajanian C, Abu-Rustum NR, Ellenson LH, Weigelt B. TERT promoter mutations and gene amplification in endometrial cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2023; 179:16-23. [PMID: 37890416 PMCID: PMC10841990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the clinicopathologic, molecular profiles, and survival outcomes of patients with endometrial carcinomas (ECs) harboring telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) hotspot mutations or gene amplification. METHODS ECs harboring somatic TERT promoter hotspot mutations or gene amplification (TERT-altered) were identified from 1944 ECs that underwent clinical tumor-normal sequencing from 08/2016-12/2021. Clinicopathologic variables, somatic mutation profiles, and survival outcomes of TERT-alt and TERT-wild-type EC were assessed. RESULTS We identified 66 TERT-altered ECs (43 TERT-mutated and 23 TERT-amplified), representing 3% of the unselected ECs across histologic subtypes. Most TERT-altered ECs were of copy number (CN)-high/TP53abn molecular subtype (n = 40, 60%), followed by microsatellite-unstable (MSI-H) or CN-low/no specific molecular profile (NSMP)(n = 13, 20% each). TERT-amplified and TERT-mutated ECs were molecularly distinct, with TERT-amplified ECs being more genomically instable and more frequently harboring TP53 and PPP2R1A alterations (q < 0.1). Compared to TERT-wild-type ECs, TERT-altered ECs were more commonly of CN-H/TP53abn molecular subtype (31% vs 57%, p = 0.001), serous histology (10% vs 26%, p = 0.004), and were significantly enriched for TP53, CDKN2A/B, and DROSHA somatic genetic alterations (q < 0.1). Median progression-free survival was 18.7 months (95% CI 11.8-not estimable [NE]) for patients with TERT-altered EC and 80.9 months (65.8-NE) for patients with TERT-wild-type EC (HR 0.33, 95% CI 0.21-0.51, p < 0.001). Similarly, median overall survival was 46.7 months (95% CI 30-NE) for TERT-altered EC patients and not reached for TERT-wild-type EC patients (HR 0.24, 95% CI 0.13-0.44, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION TERT-altered ECs, although rare, are enriched for CN-high/TP53abn tumors, TP53, CDKN2A/B and DROSHA somatic mutations, and independently predict worse survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Praiss
- Gynecology Service, Departments of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antonio Marra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Rios-Doria
- Gynecology Service, Departments of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amir Momeni-Boroujeni
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexia Iasonos
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pier Selenica
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David N Brown
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carol Aghajanian
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nadeem R Abu-Rustum
- Gynecology Service, Departments of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lora H Ellenson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Britta Weigelt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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7
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Ibrahim IH, Ali OSM, El-Sahar AA, Elrefaei M, El-Sheikh N. Telomerase Expression Related with Poor Immune Response to HCV Core Antigen in Egyptian HCV Patients' PBMCs. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2023; 13:1008-1016. [PMID: 37975051 PMCID: PMC10643511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignant tumor of the liver. Aim This study aimed to assess serum human telomerase enzyme (hTERT) levels and their relation to the progression of liver disease. Also, it aimed to assess the effect of hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein on memory T-cells in HCV patients with or without HCC and the correlation between memory cell phenotype and the progression of the disease in the same patients. Methods HTERT level in serum was assessed through relative quantitative RT-PCR. Flow cytometric analysis was used to assess T-cell responsiveness (as IFN- γ secretion) before and after stimulation with HCV core protein and the memory CD8+ cell phenotype using several differentiation markers. Results HTERT was found to be increased in a stepwise manner upon comparing its level in controls, chronic hepatitis patients, cirrhotic patients, and HCC patients. T-cells showed a similar manner of stepwise decrease in response (decreased IFN- γ secretion) in HCC patients compared to HCV patients without HCC and controls. Also, late differentiated memory cells (CD8+, CD27-, CD28-, CD45RA+, and CCR7-) were depleted in HCC patients compared to HCV patients without HCC. Conclusion These results suggest a negative correlation between hTERT and IFN- γ secretion by T-cells in HCV patients and that this relationship, along with the depletion of late differentiated memory cells, could help the progression of liver disease to HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman H. Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Egypt
| | - Ola Sayed M. Ali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Egypt
| | - Adel A. El-Sahar
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elrefaei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Nabila El-Sheikh
- Molecular Immunology Unit for Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Egypt
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8
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Li P, Wang W, Zhou R, Ding Y, Li X. The m 5 C methyltransferase NSUN2 promotes codon-dependent oncogenic translation by stabilising tRNA in anaplastic thyroid cancer. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1466. [PMID: 37983928 PMCID: PMC10659772 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Translation dysregulation plays a crucial role in tumourigenesis and cancer progression. Oncogenic translation relies on the stability and availability of tRNAs for protein synthesis, making them potential targets for cancer therapy. METHODS This study performed immunohistochemistry analysis to assess NSUN2 levels in thyroid cancer. Furthermore, to elucidate the impact of NSUN2 on anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) malignancy, phenotypic assays were conducted. Drug inhibition and time-dependent plots were employed to analyse drug resistance. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and bisulphite sequencing were used to investigate the m5 C methylation of tRNA at both global and single-base levels. Puromycin intake and high-frequency codon reporter assays verified the protein translation level. By combining mRNA and ribosome profiling, a series of downstream proteins and codon usage bias were identified. The acquired data were further validated by tRNA sequencing. RESULTS This study observed that the tRNA m5 C methyltransferase NSUN2 was up-regulated in ATC and is associated with dedifferentiation. Furthermore, NSUN2 knockdown repressed ATC formation, proliferation, invasion and migration both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, NSUN2 repression enhanced the sensitivity of ATC to genotoxic drugs. Mechanically, NSUN2 catalyses tRNA structure-related m5 C modification, stabilising tRNA that maintains homeostasis and rapidly transports amino acids, particularly leucine. This stable tRNA has a substantially increased efficiency necessary to support a pro-cancer translation program including c-Myc, BCL2, RAB31, JUNB and TRAF2. Additionally, the NSUN2-mediated variations in m5C levels and different tRNA Leu iso-decoder families, partially contribute to a codon-dependent translation bias. Surprisingly, targeting NSUN2 disrupted the c-Myc to NSUN2 cycle in ATC. CONCLUSIONS This research revealed that a pro-tumour m5C methyltransferase, dynamic tRNA stability regulation and downstream oncogenes, c-Myc, elicits a codon-dependent oncogenic translation network that enhances ATC growth and formation. Furthermore, it provides new opportunities for targeting translation reprogramming in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of General SurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan ProvinceChina
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgerySichuan Provincial People's HospitalSchool of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Wenlong Wang
- Department of General SurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan ProvinceChina
| | - Ruixin Zhou
- Department of General SurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Ying Ding
- Department of General SurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Xinying Li
- Department of General SurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan ProvinceChina
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Siraj AK, Parvathareddy SK, Al-Rasheed M, Annaiyappanaidu P, Siraj N, Lennartz M, Al-Sobhi SS, Al-Dayel F, Sauter G, Al-Kuraya KS. Loss of CDH16 expression is a strong independent predictor for lymph node metastasis in Middle Eastern papillary thyroid cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18559. [PMID: 37899424 PMCID: PMC10613612 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45882-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Papillary Thyroid Cancer (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer. The membrane-associated glycoprotein cadherin-16 (CDH16) plays a significant role in the embryonal development of thyroid follicles and cell adhesion. Previous studies have indicated a substantial downregulation of CDH16 in PTC. However, its role in Middle Eastern PTC has not been elucidated. We analyzed a tissue microarray comprising 1606 PTC and 240 normal thyroid tissues using immunohistochemistry to assess CDH16 expression and determine its clinico-pathological associations. We also conducted BRAF and TERT mutations analyses through Sanger sequencing. Disease-free survival (DFS) was assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves. CDH16 immunostaining was seen in 100% of normal thyroid tissues but only in 9.4% of PTC tissues (p < 0.0001). The loss of CDH16 expression was associated with aggressive PTC characteristics including bilaterality, multifocality, extrathyroidal extension, tall cell variant, lymph node metastasis (LNM) and distant metastasis. Additionally a correlation between loss of CDH16 expression and BRAF and TERT mutations was identified. Intriguingly, upon conducting multivariate logistic regression analysis, CDH16 was determined to be an independent predictor for LNM (Odds ratio = 2.46; 95% confidence interval = 1.60-3.79; p < 0.0001). Furthermore, CDH16 loss was associated with a shorter DFS (p = 0.0015). However, when we further subdivided CDH16 negative patients based on the co-existence of TERT and/or BRAF mutations, we found that patients with both CDH16 negative expression and TERT mutation exhibited the shortest DFS (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, our results suggest that CDH16 protein expression could serve as a valuable diagnostic tool for PTC. Furthermore, these findings demonstrate that the loss of CDH16 expression is an independent predictor of LNM and may contribute to the aggressiveness of PTC. Therefore, downregulation of CDH16 in PTC might be a potential target for designing novel therapeutic strategies to treat PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul K Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, 11211, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandeep Kumar Parvathareddy
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, 11211, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Al-Rasheed
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, 11211, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Padmanaban Annaiyappanaidu
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, 11211, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, 11211, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maximilian Lennartz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Saif S Al-Sobhi
- Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fouad Al-Dayel
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box 3354, 11211, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Khawla S Al-Kuraya
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, 11211, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Karaviti E, Kontogiannis A, Anastopoulos A, Kotteas E, Gomatou G. An overview of the role of telomeres and telomerase in pre‑neoplastic lesions (Review). Mol Clin Oncol 2023; 19:61. [PMID: 37424625 PMCID: PMC10326563 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2023.2657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are tandem repeats of DNA sequences protecting the end of linear chromosomes. Replicative senescence due to telomere attrition is considered a tumor-preventing mechanism in differentiated somatic cells. However, telomere shortening is associated with genome instability and several disease entities. During carcinogenesis, the development of a telomere maintenance mechanism, predominately through the activation of the telomerase enzyme, represents a hallmark of cancer, since it enables cancer cells to avert senescence and divide indefinitely. Although research of the involvement of telomeres and telomerase in various malignant neoplasms has gained a large amount of interest, the timing and relevance of their role in pre-neoplastic lesions remain to be determined. The present narrative review aims to summarize the evidence regarding the role of telomeres and telomerase in pre-neoplasia across different types of tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Karaviti
- Oncology Unit, Third Department of Medicine, ‘Sotiria’ General Hospital of Diseases of The Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Athanasios Kontogiannis
- Oncology Unit, Third Department of Medicine, ‘Sotiria’ General Hospital of Diseases of The Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Aristotelis Anastopoulos
- Oncology Unit, Third Department of Medicine, ‘Sotiria’ General Hospital of Diseases of The Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Elias Kotteas
- Oncology Unit, Third Department of Medicine, ‘Sotiria’ General Hospital of Diseases of The Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Georgia Gomatou
- Oncology Unit, Third Department of Medicine, ‘Sotiria’ General Hospital of Diseases of The Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
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Palamarchuk AI, Kovalenko EI, Streltsova MA. Multiple Actions of Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase in Cell Death Regulation. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041091. [PMID: 37189709 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), a core part of telomerase, has been known for a long time only for its telomere lengthening function by reverse transcription of RNA template. Currently, TERT is considered as an intriguing link between multiple signaling pathways. The diverse intracellular localization of TERT corresponds to a wide range of functional activities. In addition to the canonical function of protecting chromosome ends, TERT by itself or as a part of the telomerase complex participates in cell stress responses, gene regulation and mitochondria functioning. Upregulation of TERT expression and increased telomerase activity in cancer and somatic cells relate to improved survival and persistence of such cells. In this review, we summarize the data for a comprehensive understanding of the role of TERT in cell death regulation, with a focus on the interaction of TERT with signaling pathways involved in cell survival and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia I. Palamarchuk
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena I. Kovalenko
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria A. Streltsova
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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12
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Ropio J, Prochazkova-Carlotti M, Batista R, Pestana A, Chebly A, Ferrer J, Idrissi Y, Cappellen D, Durães C, Boaventura P, Vinagre J, Azzi-Martin L, Poglio S, Cabeçadas J, Campos MA, Beylot-Barry M, Sobrinho-Simões M, Merlio JP, Soares P, Chevret E. Spotlight on hTERT Complex Regulation in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:439. [PMID: 36833366 PMCID: PMC9956048 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
As a major cancer hallmark, there is a sustained interest in understanding the telomerase contribution to carcinogenesis in order to therapeutically target this enzyme. This is particularly relevant in primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL), a malignancy showing telomerase dysregulation with few investigative data available. In CTCL, we examined the mechanisms involved in telomerase transcriptional activation and activity regulation. We analyzed 94 CTCL patients from a Franco-Portuguese cohort, as well as 8 cell lines, in comparison to 101 healthy controls. Our results showed that not only polymorphisms (SNPs) located at the promoter of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene (rs2735940 and rs2853672) but also an SNP located within the coding region (rs2853676) could influence CTCL occurrence. Furthermore, our results sustained that the post-transcriptional regulation of hTERT contributes to CTCL lymphomagenesis. Indeed, CTCL cells present a different pattern of hTERT spliced transcripts distribution from the controls, mostly marked by an increase in the hTERT β+ variants proportion. This increase seems to be associated with CTCL development and progression. Through hTERT splicing transcriptome modulation with shRNAs, we observed that the decrease in the α-β+ transcript induced a decrease in the cell proliferation and tumorigenic capacities of T-MF cells in vitro. Taken together, our data highlight the major role of post-transcriptional mechanisms regulating telomerase non canonical functions in CTCL and suggest a new potential role for the α-β+ hTERT transcript variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Ropio
- BRIC (BoRdeaux Institute of onCology), UMR1312, INSERM, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar, Porto University, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Rui Batista
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (I3S), Porto University, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Cancer Biology Group, Porto University, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Porto University, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Pestana
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (I3S), Porto University, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Cancer Biology Group, Porto University, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Porto University, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alain Chebly
- BRIC (BoRdeaux Institute of onCology), UMR1312, INSERM, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Medical Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon
- Higher Institute of Public Health, Saint Joseph University, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon
| | - Jacky Ferrer
- BRIC (BoRdeaux Institute of onCology), UMR1312, INSERM, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Yamina Idrissi
- BRIC (BoRdeaux Institute of onCology), UMR1312, INSERM, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - David Cappellen
- BRIC (BoRdeaux Institute of onCology), UMR1312, INSERM, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Tumor Bank and Tumor Biology Laboratory, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33075 Bordeaux, France
| | - Cecília Durães
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (I3S), Porto University, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Cancer Biology Group, Porto University, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Boaventura
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Cancer Biology Group, Porto University, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Vinagre
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (I3S), Porto University, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Cancer Biology Group, Porto University, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lamia Azzi-Martin
- BRIC (BoRdeaux Institute of onCology), UMR1312, INSERM, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- UFR des Sciences Médicales, Bordeaux University, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sandrine Poglio
- BRIC (BoRdeaux Institute of onCology), UMR1312, INSERM, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - José Cabeçadas
- Dermatology Departement, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa (IPO-L), 1099-023 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Manuel António Campos
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (I3S), Porto University, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Cancer Biology Group, Porto University, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Porto University, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, E.P.E., Dermatology Departement, 4434-502 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Marie Beylot-Barry
- BRIC (BoRdeaux Institute of onCology), UMR1312, INSERM, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Dermatology Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33075 Bordeaux, France
| | - Manuel Sobrinho-Simões
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (I3S), Porto University, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Cancer Biology Group, Porto University, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Porto University, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Porto University, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jean-Philippe Merlio
- BRIC (BoRdeaux Institute of onCology), UMR1312, INSERM, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Tumor Bank and Tumor Biology Laboratory, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33075 Bordeaux, France
| | - Paula Soares
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (I3S), Porto University, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Cancer Biology Group, Porto University, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Porto University, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Porto University, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Edith Chevret
- BRIC (BoRdeaux Institute of onCology), UMR1312, INSERM, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
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13
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Genetic Variants in Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Contribute to Solar Lentigines. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 143:1062-1072.e25. [PMID: 36572090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Solar lentigines (SLs) are a hallmark of human skin aging. They result from chronic exposure to sunlight and other environmental stressors. Recent studies also imply genetic factors, but findings are partially conflicting and lack of replication. Through a multi-trait based analysis strategy, we discovered that genetic variants in telomerase reverse transcriptase were significantly associated with non-facial SL in two East Asian (Taizhou longitudinal cohort, n = 2,964 and National Survey of Physical Traits, n = 2,954) and one Caucasian population (SALIA, n = 462), top SNP rs2853672 (P-value for Taizhou longitudinal cohort = 1.32 × 10‒28 and P-value for National Survey of Physical Traits = 3.66 × 10‒17 and P-value for SALIA = 0.0007 and Pmeta = 4.93 × 10‒44). The same variants were nominally associated with facial SL but not with other skin aging or skin pigmentation traits. The SL-enhanced allele/haplotype upregulated the transcription of the telomerase reverse transcriptase gene. Of note, well-known telomerase reverse transcriptase‒related aging markers such as leukocyte telomere length and intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration were not associated with SL. Our results indicate a previously unrecognized role of telomerase reverse transcriptase in skin aging‒related lentigines formation.
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14
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Agarwal N, Zhou Q, Arya D, Rinaldetti S, Duex J, LaBarbera DV, Theodorescu D. AST-487 Inhibits RET Kinase Driven TERT Expression in Bladder Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810819. [PMID: 36142729 PMCID: PMC9501578 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the promoter of the human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT) gene are common and associated with its elevated expression in bladder cancer, melanoma, and glioblastoma. Though these mutations and TERT overexpression are associated with aggressive disease and poor outcome, an incomplete understanding of mutant TERT regulation limits treatment options directed at this gene. Herein, we unravel a signaling pathway that leads to upregulated hTERT expression resulting from the −124 bp promoter mutation, the most frequent variant across human cancer. We employed engineered bladder cancer cells that harbor a GFP insertion at the TSS region on −124 hTERT promoter for high-content screening drug discovery using a focused library of ~800 kinase inhibitors. Studies using in vitro and in vivo models prioritized AST-487, an inhibitor of the wild-type, and mutant RET (rearranged during transfection) proto-oncogene as a novel drug inhibitor of both wild-type and mutant promoter-driven hTERT expression. We also identified the RET kinase pathway, targeted by AST-487, as a novel regulator of mutant hTERT promoter-driven transcription in bladder cancer cells. Collectively, our work provides new potential precision medicine approaches for cancer patients with upregulated hTERT expression, perhaps, especially those harboring mutations in both the RET gene and the hTERT promoter, such as in thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Agarwal
- Cedars-Sinai Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- The CU Anschutz Center for Drug Discovery, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- The University of Colorado Cancer Center, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Deepak Arya
- Cedars-Sinai Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Sébastien Rinaldetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jason Duex
- Cedars-Sinai Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Daniel V. LaBarbera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- The CU Anschutz Center for Drug Discovery, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- The University of Colorado Cancer Center, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Correspondence: (D.V.L.); (D.T.); Tel.: +1-310-423-8431 (D.T.)
| | - Dan Theodorescu
- Cedars-Sinai Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Surgery (Urology), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Correspondence: (D.V.L.); (D.T.); Tel.: +1-310-423-8431 (D.T.)
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15
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Do Polymorphisms of the TERT, GSTM1, and GSTT1 Genes Increase Laryngeal Cancer Susceptibility in Smokers of Romanian Descent? Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58081106. [PMID: 36013573 PMCID: PMC9415364 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58081106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between smoking status and single-nucleotide polymorphism in candidate genes that had a known association with smoking-related tumors in previous studies and to explore their link to laryngeal cancer risk in a population of northern Romanian descent. The genes selected have key functions in xenobiotic metabolism (GSTs: the glutathione S-transferases family: GSTM1 and GSTT1) and chromosomal management (TERT). Materials and Methods: The genotype frequencies of TERTRs2736100 and the GST subfamilies (GSTM1 and GSTT1) were determined using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. The relationship between the polymorphisms and the risk of laryngeal cancer was analyzed in a retrospective case–control study of 92 laryngeal cancer cases and 101 controls, all of whom were smokers. Results: Subjects presenting the GSTT1-null variant had a two-fold increase in risk (OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.07–3.95, p = 0.02). While no individual risk was observed for the TERTRs2736100 polymorphism, stratification based on gender revealed a nine-fold increase in risk for carriers of the “C” allele in the heterozygote variant who were male (OR = 9, 65% CI = 3.51–26.51, p = 0.0000). Conclusions: The results showed that the GSTT1-null genotype and the mutant heterozygote variant of TERTRs2736100 genes may play a significant role in laryngeal cancer susceptibility in subjects of northern Romanian descent. There may be no association between the susceptibility to laryngeal carcinoma and the GSTM1 polymorphism. The results could not confirm the carcinogenic influence smoking has on laryngeal cancer development for the studied polymorphisms.
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Allison DB, Rueckert J, Cornea V, Lee CY, Dueber J, Bocklage T. Thyroid Carcinoma with NSD3::NUTM1 Fusion: a Case with Thyrocyte Differentiation and Colloid Production. Endocr Pathol 2022; 33:315-326. [PMID: 34997561 PMCID: PMC9135820 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-021-09700-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we present a high-grade thyroid carcinoma with an NSD3::NUTM1 fusion detected on expanded next-generation sequencing testing. Nuclear protein of the testis (NUT) carcinomas comprise high-grade, aggressive tumors characterized by rearrangements of the NUTM1 gene with various partner genes, most commonly the bromodomain protein genes BRD4 and BRD3. Approximately 10% of NUT carcinomas contain an NSD3::NUTM1 fusion. NUT carcinomas manifest as poorly differentiated or undifferentiated squamous carcinomas, and 33% show areas of mature squamous differentiation. Only exceptionally have NUT carcinomas shown histology discordant from poorly differentiated/undifferentiated squamous carcinoma, and a thyroid NUT carcinoma with histologic thyrocyte differentiation has not been described to date. Our patient's tumor exhibited mixed cytologic features suggestive of squamoid cells or papillary thyroid carcinoma cells. Overt squamous differentiation was absent, and the tumor produced colloid in poorly formed follicles. Immunophenotypically, the carcinoma was consistent with thyrocyte differentiation with expression of monoclonal PAX8, TTF1, and thyroglobulin (the last predominantly in extracellular colloid). There was zero to < 2% reactivity for proteins typically diffusely expressed in NUT carcinoma: p40, p63, and cytokeratins 5/6. NUT protein expression was equivocal, but fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed a NUTM1 rearrangement. This exceptional case suggests that NUTM1 fusions may occur in an unknown number of aggressive thyroid carcinomas, possibly with distinctive histologic features but with thyrocyte differentiation. Recognition of this entity potentially has significant prognostic implications. Moreover, thyroid carcinomas with NUTM1 fusions may be amenable to treatment with NUT carcinoma-targeted therapy such as a bromodomain and extraterminal domain protein small molecular inhibitor (BETi).
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek B Allison
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Justin Rueckert
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Virgilius Cornea
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Cortney Y Lee
- Department of Surgery, Division of Endocrine Surgery, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Julie Dueber
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Therese Bocklage
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA.
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17
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Emerging mechanisms of telomerase reactivation in cancer. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:632-641. [PMID: 35568649 PMCID: PMC7614490 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the promoter of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) result in hyperactivation of hTERT. Notably, all mutations are G>A transitions, frequently found in a wide range of cancer types, and causally associated with cancer progression. Initially, the mutations were understood to reactivate hTERT by generating novel E26 transformation-specific (ETS) binding sites. Recent work reveals the role of DNA secondary structure G-quadruplexes, telomere binding factor(s), and chromatin looping in hTERT regulation. Here, we discuss these emerging findings in relation to the clinically significant promoter mutations to provide a broader understanding of the context-dependent outcomes that result in hTERT activation in normal and pathogenic conditions.
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18
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Vertecchi E, Rizzo A, Salvati E. Telomere Targeting Approaches in Cancer: Beyond Length Maintenance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073784. [PMID: 35409143 PMCID: PMC8998427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are crucial structures that preserve genome stability. Their progressive erosion over numerous DNA duplications determines the senescence of cells and organisms. As telomere length homeostasis is critical for cancer development, nowadays, telomere maintenance mechanisms are established targets in cancer treatment. Besides telomere elongation, telomere dysfunction impinges on intracellular signaling pathways, in particular DNA damage signaling and repair, affecting cancer cell survival and proliferation. This review summarizes and discusses recent findings in anticancer drug development targeting different “telosome” components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Vertecchi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy, c/o Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Angela Rizzo
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Erica Salvati
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy, c/o Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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Nguyen E, Richerolle A, Sánchez-Bellver J, Varennes J, Ségal-Bendirdjian E. hTERT DNA Methylation Analysis Identifies a Biomarker for Retinoic Acid-Induced hTERT Repression in Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030695. [PMID: 35327497 PMCID: PMC8945736 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase reactivation is responsible for telomere preservation in about 90% of cancers, providing cancer cells an indefinite proliferating potential. Telomerase consists of at least two main subunits: a catalytic reverse transcriptase protein (hTERT) and an RNA template subunit. Strategies to inhibit hTERT expression seem promising for cancer treatment. Previous works showed that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) induces hTERT repression in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells, resulting in their death. Here, we investigated the effects of ATRA in a subset of breast cancer cell lines. The mutational status of hTERT promoter and the methylation patterns at a single CpG resolution were assessed. We observed an inverse relationship between hTERT expression after ATRA treatment and the methylation level of a specific CpG at chr5: 1,300,438 in a region of hTERT gene at −5 kb of the transcription initiation site. This observation highlighted the significance of this region, whose methylation profile could represent a promising biomarker to predict the sensitivity to ATRA-induced hTERT repression in specific breast cancer subtypes. As hTERT repression promotes drug-induced cell death, checking the methylation status of this unique region and the specific CpG included can help in decision-making to include ATRA in combination therapy and contributes to a better clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Nguyen
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CNRS, T3S “Environmental Toxicity, Therapeutic Targets, Cellular Signaling and Biomarkers”, F-75006 Paris, France; (E.N.); (A.R.); (J.V.)
| | - Andréa Richerolle
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CNRS, T3S “Environmental Toxicity, Therapeutic Targets, Cellular Signaling and Biomarkers”, F-75006 Paris, France; (E.N.); (A.R.); (J.V.)
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, F-75014 Paris, France
| | | | - Jacqueline Varennes
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CNRS, T3S “Environmental Toxicity, Therapeutic Targets, Cellular Signaling and Biomarkers”, F-75006 Paris, France; (E.N.); (A.R.); (J.V.)
| | - Evelyne Ségal-Bendirdjian
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CNRS, T3S “Environmental Toxicity, Therapeutic Targets, Cellular Signaling and Biomarkers”, F-75006 Paris, France; (E.N.); (A.R.); (J.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-42-86-22-46
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TELOMERASE MEDIATEDS PYROPTOSIS BY NF-κB Chicken telomerase reverse transcriptase mediates LMH cell pyroptosis by regulating the nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101826. [PMID: 35385822 PMCID: PMC9170928 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase is regulated by the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway to various degrees to promote the occurrence and development of tumors. However, the regulatory roles of chicken telomerase reverse transcriptase (chTERT) and the NF-κB signaling pathway in chickens are still elusive, particularly in respect to the regulation of cell pyroptosis. In this study, we found that chTERT upregulated the expression of p65 and p50, downregulated the expression of IκBα, promoted the phosphorylation of p65, p50, and IκBα, and significantly increased the transcript levels of the inflammatory cytokines IFNγ, TNFα, and IL-6 in LMH cells. The activity of NF-κB was significantly decreased after siRNA-mediated chTERT silencing. The expression of chTERT and telomerase activity were also significantly decreased when the NF-κB signaling pathway was blocked by p65 siRNA, MG132 or BAY 11-7082. In cells treated with LPS, the activity of NF-κB signaling pathway and the expression of chTERT were significantly upregulated. All of the results suggested that chTERT and the NF-κB pathway could regulate each other, reciprocally. Moreover, the expression of Caspase-1, NLRP3, GSDMA, IL-18, and IL-1β and caused membrane perforation, suggesting the development of pyroptosis by chTERT in LMH cells. And the expression of caspase-11 did not significantly increased in chTERT overexpression group. Genetic silence of NF-κB p65 or chTERT gene by siRNA suppressed the expression of these proinflammatory cytokines, indicating that chTERT mediates pyroptosis by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway in LMH cells.
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The Multifaceted Profile of Thyroid Disease in the Background of DICER1 Germline and Somatic Mutations: Then, Now and Future Perspectives. JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmp3010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
DICER1 protein is a member of the ribonuclease (RNAse) III family with a key role in the biogenesis of microRNAs (miRNA) and in microRNA processing, potentially affecting gene regulation at the post-transcriptional level. The role of DICER1 and its relevance to thyroid cellular processes and tumorigenesis have only recently been explored, following the acknowledgement that DICER1 germline and somatic changes can contribute not only to non-toxic multinodule goiter (MNG) lesions detected in individuals of affected families but also to a series of childhood tumours, including thyroid neoplasms, which can be identified from early infancy up until the decade of 40s. In a context of DICER1 germline gene mutation, thyroid lesions have recently been given importance, and they may represent either an index event within a syndromic context or the isolated event that may trigger a deeper and broader genomic analysis screening of individuals and their relatives, thereby preventing the consequences of a late diagnosis of malignancy. Within the syndromic context MNG is typically the most observed lesion. On the other hand, in a DICER1 somatic mutation context, malignant tumours are more common. In this review we describe the role of DICER protein, the genomic events that affect the DICER1 gene and their link to tumorigenesis as well as the frequency and pattern of benign and malignant thyroid lesions and the regulation of DICER1 within the thyroidal environment.
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22
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TERT Promoter Mutations Increase Sense and Antisense Transcription from the TERT Promoter. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121773. [PMID: 34944589 PMCID: PMC8698883 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chief among mechanisms of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) reactivation is the appearance of mutations in the TERT promoter. The two main TERT promoter mutations are C>T transitions located −146C>T and −124C>T upstream from the translational start site. They generate a novel Ets/TCF binding site. Both mutations are mutually exclusive and −124C>T is strikingly overrepresented in most cancers. We investigated whether this mutational bias and mutual exclusion could be due to transcriptional constraints. Methods: We compared sense and antisense transcription of a panel of TERT promoter-luciferase vectors harboring the −124C>T and -146C>T mutations alone or together. lncRNA TAPAS levels were measured by RT-PCR. Results: Both mutations generally increased TERT transcription by 2–4-fold regardless of upstream and downstream regulatory elements. The double mutant increased transcription in an additive fashion, arguing against a direct transcriptional constraint. The −146C>T mutation, alone or in combination with −124C>T, also unleashed antisense transcription. In line with this finding, lncRNA TAPAS was higher in cells with mutated TERT promoter (T98G and U87) than in cells with wild-type promoter, suggesting that lncRNA TAPAS may balance the effect of TERT promoter mutations. Conclusions: −146C>T and −124C>T TERT promoter mutations increase TERT sense and antisense transcription, and the double mutant features higher transcription levels. Increased antisense transcription may contain TERT expression within sustainable levels.
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Kim HR, Seo CW, Yoo K, Han SJ, Kim J. Yes-associated protein 1 as a prognostic biomarker and its correlation with telomerase in various cancers. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2021; 12:324-332. [PMID: 34719224 PMCID: PMC8561022 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aims of this study were to investigate the expression of Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), its prognostic significance, and the correlation between YAP1 and telomerase in various cancers. Methods The Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis database was used to analyze RNA sequencing data and the survival rate of patients with various cancers in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. PrognoScan was used to analyze the prognostic value of YAP1 expression in various cancers. Tumor Immune Estimation Resource was used to determine the correlation between YAP1 expression and telomerase in various cancer types based on TCGA data. Results The analysis suggested that YAP1 was differentially expressed between tissues of various cancers and non-tumor tissues. High YAP1 expression was also related to a poor prognosis in adrenocortical carcinoma, bladder urothelial carcinoma, and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Moreover, YAP1 expression was correlated with the expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase and telomerase RNA component in various cancer types. Conclusion These results suggest that YAP1 is a potential biomarker with prognostic significance and relevance for oncogene research in various cancer types. The correlation between the expression of YAP1 and telomere-associated genes will help to understand their cancer-promoting mechanisms and interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Ran Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Dong-Eui Institute of Technology, Busan, Korea
| | - Choong-Won Seo
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Dong-Eui Institute of Technology, Busan, Korea
| | - Keunje Yoo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, Korea
| | - Sang Jun Han
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jongwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Dong-Eui Institute of Technology, Busan, Korea
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24
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Xiang Y, Yu Y, Li Q, Jiang Z, Li J, Liang C, Chen J, Li Y, Chen X, Cao W. Mutual regulation between chicken telomerase reverse transcriptase and the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway inhibits apoptosis and promotes the replication of ALV-J in LMH cells. Vet Res 2021; 52:110. [PMID: 34412690 PMCID: PMC8375160 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00979-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the mutual regulation between chicken telomerase reverse transcriptase (chTERT) and the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway and its effects on cell growth and avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) replication in LMH cells. First, LMH cells stably overexpressing the chTERT gene (LMH-chTERT cells) and corresponding control cells (LMH-NC cells) were successfully constructed with a lentiviral vector expression system. The results showed that chTERT upregulated the expression of β-catenin, Cyclin D1, TCF4 and c-Myc. chTERT expression level and telomerase activity were increased when cells were treated with LiCl. When the cells were treated with ICG001 or IWP-2, the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway was significantly inhibited, and chTERT expression and telomerase activity were also inhibited. However, when the β-catenin gene was knocked down by small interfering RNA (siRNA), the changes in chTERT expression and telomerase activity were consistent with those in cells treated with ICG001 or IWP-2. These results indicated that chTERT and the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway can be mutually regulated. Subsequently, we found that chTERT not only shortened the cell cycle to promote proliferation but also inhibited apoptosis by downregulating the expression of Caspase 3, Caspase 9 and BAX; upregulating BCL-2 and BCL-X expression; and promoting autophagy. Moreover, chTERT significantly enhanced the migration ability of LMH cells, upregulated the protein and mRNA expression of ALV-J and increased the virus titre. ALV-J replication promoted chTERT expression and telomerase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yun Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qingbo Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zeng Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jinqun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Canxin Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jian Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Weisheng Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. .,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. .,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. .,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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25
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Corfdir C, Pignon B, Szöke A, Schürhoff F. [Accelerated telomere erosion in schizophrenia: A literature review]. Encephale 2021; 47:369-375. [PMID: 33863507 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with a weighted average of 14.5 years of potential life lost according to a recent meta-analysis. This is partly explained by high rates of suicide and a high prevalence of non-psychiatric comorbidity (cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancers…). However, all these causes could not fully explain the loss of life expectancy in people suffering from schizophrenia. Life expectancy has been strongly correlated with telomere length (TL). Telomeres are noncoding structures consisting of DNA TTAGGG tandem repeats and associated proteins located at the end of the chromosomes. Their role is to help preserve genome stability by protecting chromosomal ends from the loss of genetic material. The progressive loss of telomeric material during cell divisions has led researchers to consider telomeres as molecular clocks that measure the number of divisions left until cellular death. The fact that both shorter telomeres and schizophrenia have been associated with a decrease in life expectancy has fueled the interest in the study of TL in schizophrenia. In this article, after a detailed review of the literature on the relationships between telomere length and schizophrenia, we discuss the different pathophysiological mechanisms which might explain this association. Based on this analysis, in the last part of the article we discuss potential research, therapeutic and prevention prospects. To date, the majority of the studies and meta-analyses found a decrease in TL in subjects with schizophrenia compared to control subjects. Conversely, all the studies exploring the TL in subjects suffering from first episode psychosis (FEP) have shown no significant difference from TL in control subjects. This suggests that excessive shortening of telomeres occurs during the course of the disease, thus it seems more probable that schizophrenia (or processes associated with it) affects TL rather than telomere erosion being a cause of the disorder. Several pathophysiological, non-mutually exclusive mechanisms have been proposed to explain the observed data. A first hypothesis to explain the acceleration of the physiological process of telomere erosion in schizophrenia is the activation of inflammation processes and oxidative stress as a consequence of schizophrenia per se. However, it seems more probable that reduced TL may be a result of cumulative exposure to chronic stress related to schizophrenia. Indeed, in healthy individuals a growing body of evidence has linked chronic stress to accelerated shortening of TL. This might explain why telomere erosion is too small to be detected in FEP patients who are younger and have a shorter duration of illness than subjects with schizophrenia. Based on these both explanations, telomere alterations may be considered as a biomarker of illness progression and might be useful for illness staging. Identifying processes associated with TL reduction might improve our understanding of the increased mortality and morbidity in schizophrenia, improve reliability of diagnosis, and hopefully suggest means for prevention and/or treatment. Treatments that prevent exposure and/or vulnerability to stressful life events that ameliorate schizophrenia may also prevent or decelerate telomere erosion. In this perspective, engaging subjects suffering from schizophrenia in a healthy diet and regular activity could be both promising strategies to protect telomere maintenance and improve health span at old age. In addition, the inflammatory process and oxidative stress involved in the physiopathology in at least a subgroup of subjects with schizophrenia could also be responsible for telomere erosion. Thus, an efficient anti-inflammatory therapeutic approach that targets these specific pathways could be of interest in this subgroup to limit telomere erosion. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) therapies have been shown to reduce telomere erosion by increasing telomerase activity, although these psychological therapies should be used carefully in psychosis. Finally, advancing our understanding of the relationship between stress, inflammation and TL is of great interest for psychiatric research and for understanding stress effects in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Corfdir
- DMU IMPACT, Inserm, IMRB, translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental, hôpitaux universitaires « H. Mondor », université Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 94010 Creteil, France
| | - B Pignon
- DMU IMPACT, Inserm, IMRB, translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental, hôpitaux universitaires « H. Mondor », université Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 94010 Creteil, France
| | - A Szöke
- DMU IMPACT, Inserm, IMRB, translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental, hôpitaux universitaires « H. Mondor », université Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 94010 Creteil, France
| | - F Schürhoff
- DMU IMPACT, Inserm, IMRB, translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental, hôpitaux universitaires « H. Mondor », université Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 94010 Creteil, France.
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26
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Behrooz AB, Syahir A. Could We Address the Interplay Between CD133, Wnt/β-Catenin, and TERT Signaling Pathways as a Potential Target for Glioblastoma Therapy? Front Oncol 2021; 11:642719. [PMID: 33869033 PMCID: PMC8047678 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.642719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most lethal forms of primary brain tumors. Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) play an undeniable role in tumor development by activating multiple signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/AKT/mTOR that facilitate brain tumor formation. CD133, a transmembrane glycoprotein, has been used to classify cancer stem cells (CSCs) in GBM. The therapeutic value of CD133 is a biomarker of the CSC in multiple cancers. It also leads to growth and recurrence of the tumor. More recent findings have confirmed the association of telomerase/TERT with Wnt/β-catenin and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. Advance studies have shown that crosstalk between CD133, Wnt/β-catenin, and telomerase/TERT can facilitate GBM stemness and lead to therapeutic resistance. Mechanistic insight into signaling mechanisms downstream of surface biomarkers has been revolutionized by facilitating targeting of tumor-specific molecular deregulation. This review also addresses the importance of interplay between CD133, Wnt/β-catenin and TERT signaling pathways in GSCs and outlines the future therapeutic goals for glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Barzegar Behrooz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Amir Syahir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Goel Y, Yadav S, Pandey SK, Temre MK, Maurya BN, Verma A, Kumar A, Singh SM. Tumor Decelerating and Chemo-Potentiating Action of Methyl Jasmonate on a T Cell Lymphoma In Vivo: Role of Altered Regulation of Metabolism, Cell Survival, Drug Resistance, and Intratumoral Blood Flow. Front Oncol 2021; 11:619351. [PMID: 33718176 PMCID: PMC7947686 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.619351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Methyl jasmonate (MJ), a natural oxylipin, possesses a broad spectrum of antineoplastic potential in vitro. However, its tumor growth impeding and chemo-potentiating action has not been adequately investigated in vivo. Using a murine thymus-derived tumor named Dalton’s Lymphoma (DL), in the present study, we examined if intra-tumoral administration of MJ can cause tumor growth impedance. We also explored the associated molecular mechanisms governing cell survival, carbohydrate & lipid metabolism, chemo-potentiation, and angiogenesis. MJ administration to tumor-transplanted mice caused deceleration of tumor growth accompanying prolonged survival of the tumor-bearing mice. MJ-dependent tumor growth retardation was associated with the declined blood supply in tumor milieu, cell cycle arrest, augmented induction of apoptosis and necrosis, deregulated glucose and lipid metabolism, enhanced membrane fragility of tumor cells, and altered cytokine repertoire in the tumor microenvironment. MJ administration modulated molecular network implicating Hsp70, Bcl-2, TERT, p53, Cyt c, BAX, GLUT-1, HK 2, LDH A, PDK-1, HIF-1α, ROS, MCT-1, FASN, ACSS2, SREBP1c, VEGF, cytokine repertoire, and MDR1, involved in the regulation of cell survival, carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism, pH homeostasis, and drug resistance. Thus, the present study unveils novel molecular mechanisms of the tumor growth decelerating action of MJ. Besides, this preclinical study also establishes the adjunct therapeutic potential of MJ. Hence, the present investigation will help to design novel anti-cancer therapeutic regimens for the treatment of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugal Goel
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Saveg Yadav
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Shrish Kumar Pandey
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Mithlesh Kumar Temre
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Babu Nandan Maurya
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ashish Verma
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sukh Mahendra Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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28
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Raghunandan M, Geelen D, Majerova E, Decottignies A. NHP2 downregulation counteracts hTR-mediated activation of the DNA damage response at ALT telomeres. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106336. [PMID: 33595114 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
About 10% of cancer cells employ the "alternative lengthening of telomeres" (ALT) pathway instead of re-activating the hTERT subunit of human telomerase. The hTR RNA subunit is also abnormally silenced in some ALT+ cells not expressing hTERT, suggesting a possible negative non-canonical impact of hTR on ALT. Indeed, we show that ectopically expressed hTR reduces phosphorylation of ssDNA-binding protein RPA (p-RPAS33 ) at ALT telomeres by promoting the hnRNPA1- and DNA-PK-dependent depletion of RPA. The resulting defective ATR checkpoint signaling at telomeres impairs recruitment of the homologous recombination protein, RAD51. This induces ALT telomere fragility, increases POLD3-dependent C-circle production, and promotes the recruitment of the DNA damage marker 53BP1. In ALT+ cells that naturally retain hTR expression, NHP2 H/ACA ribonucleoprotein levels are downregulated, likely in order to restrain DNA damage response (DDR) activation at telomeres through reduced 53BP1 recruitment. This unexpected role of NHP2 is independent from hTR's non-canonical function in modulating telomeric p-RPAS33 . Collectively, our study shines new light on the interference between telomerase- and ALT-dependent pathways and unravels a crucial role for hTR and NHP2 in DDR regulation at ALT telomeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Raghunandan
- Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations of Genomes, de Duve Institute, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dan Geelen
- Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations of Genomes, de Duve Institute, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eva Majerova
- Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations of Genomes, de Duve Institute, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anabelle Decottignies
- Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations of Genomes, de Duve Institute, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Song H, Chen X, Jiao Q, Qiu Z, Shen C, Zhang G, Sun Z, Zhang H, Luo QY. HIF-1α-Mediated Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Activation Inducing Autophagy Through Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Promotes Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Progression During Hypoxia Stress. Thyroid 2021; 31:233-246. [PMID: 32772829 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2020.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Background: It is important to properly understand the molecular mechanisms of aggressive tumors among papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) that are often the most indolent. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), induced by hypoxia, plays pivotal roles in the development and metastasis of the many tumors, including PTCs. Upregulation of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) activity is found in highly invasive PTCs. Further, previous studies have reported that autophagy serves as a protective mechanism to facilitate PTC cell survival. We, therefore, hypothesized that there was a link between HIF-1α, TERT, and autophagy in promoting PTC progression. Methods: Immunohistochemistry staining was conducted to evaluate the expressions of HIF-1α, TERT, and autophagy marker, LC3-II, in matched PTC tumors and corresponding nontumor tissues. Two PTC cell lines (TPC-1 and BCPAP) were used in subsequent cytological function studies. Cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were assessed during hypoxia, genetic enhancement and inhibition of TERT, and chemical and genetic inhibition of autophagy. The protein expression levels of the corresponding biomarkers were determined by Western blotting, and autophagy flow was detected. We characterized the molecular mechanism of PTC cell progression. Results: The protein expression levels of HIF-1α, TERT, and LC3-II were upregulated in PTCs and were significantly correlated with high tumor-node-metastasis stage. Further, an in vitro study indicated that HIF-1α induced by hypoxia functioned as a transcriptional activator by binding with sequences potentially located in the TERT promoter and was positively correlated with the malignant behavior of PTC cell lines. Overexpression of TERT inhibited the kinase activity of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), resulting in the activation of autophagy. Functionally, TERT-induced autophagy provided a survival advantage to PTC cells during hypoxia stress. Conclusions: We identified a novel molecular mechanism involving the HIF-1α/TERT axis, which promoted PTC progression by inducing autophagy through mTOR during hypoxia stress. These findings may provide a basis for the new treatment of aggressive PTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyue Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Jiao
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongling Qiu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chentian Shen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenkui Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan-Yong Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Fan G, Li K, Pang Y, Zhao Y, Tao Y, Gui H, Wang H, Svatek R, Rodriguez R, Wang Z. Association of TERT gene polymorphisms with clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia in a Chinese Han population of the Northwest region. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:692-702. [PMID: 33718071 PMCID: PMC7947465 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-1032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs10078761, rs12696304, rs2853669, rs16847897, rs2736100, rs10069690) of telomerase gene (TERT) and the risk clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in a Chinese Han population of the Northwest region. Methods A total of 150 BPH patients and 150 healthy older males from the northwest Chinese Han population were included in this study. The sample size for this unmatched case-control study was estimated by the look-up table method. Meanwhile, the general information and disease data of patients were collected. Age was only collected in healthy control subjects for statistical correction. Genotypes were detected using a multiplex PCR + ligase detection reaction (LDR). Typing results and clinical data were statistically analyzed using multiple linear regression and logistic regression. Pearson correlation was used for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Results The included population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. There was no significant association between SNP and the risk of BPH by correlation analysis. However, 4 haplotypes (TCTGGT, TCTGTC, TGCCTC, and TGTGTC) were identified as risk factors of BPH by haplotype analysis. The SNP rs2853669 is an independent risk factor for smooth muscle type of hyperplasia. Besides, rs2736100, rs10078761, and rs10069690 which are in linkage disequilibrium are associated with the severity of BPH. Conclusions Polymorphism of the TERT gene determines the different disease development and pathological manifestations of BPH in the Chinese Han population the Northwest region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangrui Fan
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephron-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kun Li
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephron-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Pang
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephron-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, China
| | - Youli Zhao
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephron-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Tao
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephron-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huimin Gui
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephron-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hanzhang Wang
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Robert Svatek
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Ronald Rodriguez
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephron-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, China
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Yu PC, Tan LC, Zhu XL, Shi X, Chernikov R, Semenov A, Zhang L, Ma B, Wang Y, Zhou XY, Ji QH, Wei WJ, Wang YL. Arms-qPCR Improves Detection Sensitivity of Earlier Diagnosis of Papillary Thyroid Cancers With Worse Prognosis Determined by Coexisting BRAF V600E and Tert Promoter Mutations. Endocr Pract 2021; 27:698-705. [PMID: 33515759 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The coexistence of BRAF V600E and the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutation C228T/C250T is extensively associated with thyroid cancer prognosis. Our study aimed to establish a sensitive method for mutation detection and explore the correlation in detail. METHODS The BRAF and TERT promoter mutation status of 250 papillary thyroid cancers was determined using amplification-refractory mutation system quantitative polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-qPCR) and Sanger sequencing to compare the sensitivity of the 2 methods. Associations between the mutation status and clinicopathological features were then analyzed. RESULTS ARMS-qPCR was more sensitive than Sanger sequencing (BRAF V600E: 75.2% [188 of 250] vs 52.4% [131 of 250], P < .001; TERT promoter C228T/C250T mutation: 12.0% [30 of 250] vs 3.6% [9 of 250], P = .001; comutation: 9.6% [24 of 250] vs 3.2% [8 of 250], P = .005). Both ARMS-qPCR and Sanger sequencing indicated that patients with coexisting BRAF V600E and TERT promoter mutations had an older diagnosis age, higher recurrence rate, and were associated with a more advanced TNM stage and higher metastasis, age, completeness of resection, invasion, and size score. Moreover, ARMS-qPCR helped identify an earlier group stage, which was younger and had smaller tumors and a lower recurrence rate, compared with the group with coexisting BRAF V600E and TERT promoter mutations identified by Sanger sequencing. The newly identified group had a lower metastasis, age, completeness of resection, invasion, and size score and TNM stage. CONCLUSION Patients with coexisting BRAF V600E and TERT promoter mutations had a worse prognosis. ARMS-qPCR, the more sensitive method, can be used to identify patients who have a potentially worse prognosis earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Cheng Yu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Cheng Tan
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Li Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Shi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Roman Chernikov
- Endocrine Surgery Department, N.I. Pirogov Clinic of High Medical Technologies, Saint-Petersburg State University, Russia
| | - Arseny Semenov
- Endocrine Surgery Department, N.I. Pirogov Clinic of High Medical Technologies, Saint-Petersburg State University, Russia
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ben Ma
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Hai Ji
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jun Wei
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Long Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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32
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Rauscher S, Greil R, Geisberger R. Re-Sensitizing Tumor Cells to Cancer Drugs with Epigenetic Regulators. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:353-359. [PMID: 33423645 DOI: 10.2174/1568009620666210108102723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer drug resistance is a major problem for cancer therapy. While many drugs can be effective in first-line treatments, cancer cells can become resistant due to genetic (mutations and chromosomal aberrations) but also epigenetic changes. Hence, many research studies addressed epigenetic drugs in circumventing resistance to conventional therapeutics in different tumor entities and in increasing the efficiency of immune checkpoint therapies. Furthermore, repositioning of already approved drugs in combination with epigenetic modifiers could potentiate their efficacy and thus could be an attractive strategy for cancer treatment. Summarizing, we recapitulate current data on epigenetic drugs and their targets in modulating sensitivity towards conventional and immune therapies, providing evidence that altering expression profiles by epigenetic modifiers holds great potential to improve the clinical outcome of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Rauscher
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute - Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020Salzburg, Austria
| | - Richard Greil
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute - Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020Salzburg, Austria
| | - Roland Geisberger
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute - Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020Salzburg, Austria
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Glubb DM, Thompson DJ, Aben KKH, Alsulimani A, Amant F, Annibali D, Attia J, Barricarte A, Beckmann MW, Berchuck A, Bermisheva M, Bernardini MQ, Bischof K, Bjorge L, Bodelon C, Brand AH, Brenton JD, Brinton LA, Bruinsma F, Buchanan DD, Burghaus S, Butzow R, Cai H, Carney ME, Chanock SJ, Chen C, Chen XQ, Chen Z, Cook LS, Cunningham JM, De Vivo I, deFazio A, Doherty JA, Dörk T, du Bois A, Dunning AM, Dürst M, Edwards T, Edwards RP, Ekici AB, Ewing A, Fasching PA, Ferguson S, Flanagan JM, Fostira F, Fountzilas G, Friedenreich CM, Gao B, Gaudet MM, Gawełko J, Gentry-Maharaj A, Giles GG, Glasspool R, Goodman MT, Gronwald J, Harris HR, Harter P, Hein A, Heitz F, Hildebrandt MAT, Hillemanns P, Høgdall E, Høgdall CK, Holliday EG, Huntsman DG, Huzarski T, Jakubowska A, Jensen A, Jones ME, Karlan BY, Karnezis A, Kelley JL, Khusnutdinova E, Killeen JL, Kjaer SK, Klapdor R, Köbel M, Konopka B, Konstantopoulou I, Kopperud RK, Koti M, Kraft P, Kupryjanczyk J, Lambrechts D, Larson MC, Le Marchand L, Lele S, Lester J, Li AJ, Liang D, Liebrich C, Lipworth L, Lissowska J, Lu L, Lu KH, Macciotta A, Mattiello A, May T, McAlpine JN, McGuire V, McNeish IA, Menon U, Modugno F, Moysich KB, Nevanlinna H, Odunsi K, Olsson H, Orsulic S, Osorio A, Palli D, Park-Simon TW, Pearce CL, Pejovic T, Permuth JB, Podgorska A, Ramus SJ, Rebbeck TR, Riggan MJ, Risch HA, Rothstein JH, Runnebaum IB, Scott RJ, Sellers TA, Senz J, Setiawan VW, Siddiqui N, Sieh W, Spiewankiewicz B, Sutphen R, Swerdlow AJ, Szafron LM, Teo SH, Thompson PJ, Thomsen LCV, Titus L, Tone A, Tumino R, Turman C, Vanderstichele A, Edwards DV, Vergote I, Vierkant RA, Wang Z, Wang-Gohrke S, Webb PM, White E, Whittemore AS, Winham SJ, Wu X, Wu AH, Yannoukakos D, Spurdle AB, O'Mara TA. Cross-Cancer Genome-Wide Association Study of Endometrial Cancer and Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Identifies Genetic Risk Regions Associated with Risk of Both Cancers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:217-228. [PMID: 33144283 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-0739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests a relationship between endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer. Independent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer have identified 16 and 27 risk regions, respectively, four of which overlap between the two cancers. We aimed to identify joint endometrial and ovarian cancer risk loci by performing a meta-analysis of GWAS summary statistics from these two cancers. METHODS Using LDScore regression, we explored the genetic correlation between endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer. To identify loci associated with the risk of both cancers, we implemented a pipeline of statistical genetic analyses (i.e., inverse-variance meta-analysis, colocalization, and M-values) and performed analyses stratified by subtype. Candidate target genes were then prioritized using functional genomic data. RESULTS Genetic correlation analysis revealed significant genetic correlation between the two cancers (rG = 0.43, P = 2.66 × 10-5). We found seven loci associated with risk for both cancers (P Bonferroni < 2.4 × 10-9). In addition, four novel subgenome-wide regions at 7p22.2, 7q22.1, 9p12, and 11q13.3 were identified (P < 5 × 10-7). Promoter-associated HiChIP chromatin loops from immortalized endometrium and ovarian cell lines and expression quantitative trait loci data highlighted candidate target genes for further investigation. CONCLUSIONS Using cross-cancer GWAS meta-analysis, we have identified several joint endometrial and ovarian cancer risk loci and candidate target genes for future functional analysis. IMPACT Our research highlights the shared genetic relationship between endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer. Further studies in larger sample sets are required to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan M Glubb
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Deborah J Thompson
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katja K H Aben
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ahmad Alsulimani
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Frederic Amant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniela Annibali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - John Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aurelio Barricarte
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrew Berchuck
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Marina Bermisheva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
| | - Marcus Q Bernardini
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katharina Bischof
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Line Bjorge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Clara Bodelon
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alison H Brand
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James D Brenton
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Louise A Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Fiona Bruinsma
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel D Buchanan
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stefanie Burghaus
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ralf Butzow
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Michael E Carney
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chu Chen
- Epidemiology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Xiao Qing Chen
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Linda S Cook
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Julie M Cunningham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anna deFazio
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Doherty
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas du Bois
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Ev. Kliniken Essen-Mitte (KEM), Essen, Germany
- Praxis für Humangenetik, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthias Dürst
- Department of Gynaecology, Jena University Hospital- Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Todd Edwards
- Division of Epidemiology, Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Robert P Edwards
- Ovarian Cancer Center of Excellence, Women's Cancer Research Program, Magee-Women's Research Institute and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ailith Ewing
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sarah Ferguson
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James M Flanagan
- Division of Cancer and Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Florentia Fostira
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos," Athens, Greece
| | - George Fountzilas
- Second Department of Medical Oncology, EUROMEDICA General Clinic of Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christine M Friedenreich
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bo Gao
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre Westmead, Sydney-West Cancer Network, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mia M Gaudet
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jan Gawełko
- Institute of Nursing and Health Sciences, Medical Faculty, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rosalind Glasspool
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre and University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Marc T Goodman
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cancer Prevention and Genetics Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Holly R Harris
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Philipp Harter
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Ev. Kliniken Essen-Mitte (KEM), Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Hein
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Heitz
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Ev. Kliniken Essen-Mitte (KEM), Essen, Germany
| | | | - Peter Hillemanns
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Estrid Høgdall
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Molecular Unit, Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus K Høgdall
- The Juliane Marie Centre, Department of Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elizabeth G Holliday
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David G Huntsman
- British Columbia's Ovarian Cancer Research (OVCARE) Program, BC Cancer, Vancouver General Hospital, and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tomasz Huzarski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- Independent Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Allan Jensen
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael E Jones
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Beth Y Karlan
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anthony Karnezis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Joseph L Kelley
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Elza Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Jeffrey L Killeen
- Department of Pathology, Kapiolani Medical Center for Women and Children, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Susanne K Kjaer
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Gynaecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rüdiger Klapdor
- Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Köbel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Foothills Medical Center, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bozena Konopka
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Irene Konstantopoulou
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos," Athens, Greece
| | - Reidun K Kopperud
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Madhuri Koti
- Departments of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cancer Biology and Genetics Division, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jolanta Kupryjanczyk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Melissa C Larson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Shashikant Lele
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Jenny Lester
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andrew J Li
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dong Liang
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas
| | - Clemens Liebrich
- Clinics of Gynaecology, Cancer Center Wolfsburg, Wolfsburg, Germany
| | - Loren Lipworth
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center, Oncology Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Karen H Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Alessandra Macciotta
- Evangelische Kliniken Essen-Mitte Klinik für Gynäkologie und gynäkologische Onkologie, Essen, Germany
| | - Amalia Mattiello
- Dipertimento Di Medicina Clinca e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Taymaa May
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica N McAlpine
- British Columbia's Ovarian Cancer Research (OVCARE) Program-Gynecologic Tissue Bank, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver General Hospital and BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Valerie McGuire
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Iain A McNeish
- Division of Cancer and Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Usha Menon
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Francesmary Modugno
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Womens Cancer Research Center, Magee-Women's Research Institute and Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kirsten B Moysich
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Håkan Olsson
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sandra Orsulic
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ana Osorio
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | | | - Celeste L Pearce
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tanja Pejovic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jennifer B Permuth
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Agnieszka Podgorska
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Susan J Ramus
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of NSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marjorie J Riggan
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Harvey A Risch
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Joseph H Rothstein
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ingo B Runnebaum
- Department of Gynaecology, Jena University Hospital- Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Pathology North, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Medical Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas A Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Janine Senz
- British Columbia's Ovarian Cancer Research (OVCARE) Program, BC Cancer, Vancouver General Hospital, and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Veronica Wendy Setiawan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nadeem Siddiqui
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - Weiva Sieh
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | - Rebecca Sutphen
- Epidemiology Center, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Anthony J Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Lukasz Michael Szafron
- Department of Immunology, the Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Soo Hwang Teo
- Breast Cancer Research Programme, Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pamela J Thompson
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cancer Prevention and Genetics Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Liv Cecilie Vestrheim Thomsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Linda Titus
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Alicia Tone
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department for Gynecology with the Center for Oncologic Surgery Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Constance Turman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Adriaan Vanderstichele
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Digna Velez Edwards
- Division of Quantitative Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Women's Health Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ignace Vergote
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert A Vierkant
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shan Wang-Gohrke
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Penelope M Webb
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Emily White
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Alice S Whittemore
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Stacey J Winham
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Drakoulis Yannoukakos
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos," Athens, Greece
| | - Amanda B Spurdle
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tracy A O'Mara
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Fallahi P, Ferrari SM, Galdiero MR, Varricchi G, Elia G, Ragusa F, Paparo SR, Benvenga S, Antonelli A. Molecular targets of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in thyroid cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 79:180-196. [PMID: 33249201 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the eighth most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide with a rising incidence in the past 20 years. Surgery is the primary strategy of therapy for patients with medullary TC (MTC) and differentiated TC (DTC). In DTC patients, radioactive iodine (RAI) is administered after thyroidectomy. Neck ultrasound, basal and thyroid-stimulating hormone-stimulated thyroglobulin are generally performed every three to six months for the first year, with subsequent intervals depending on initial risk assessment, for the detection of possible persistent/recurrent disease during the follow up. Distant metastases are present at the diagnosis in ∼5 % of DTC patients; up to 15 % of patients have recurrences during the follow up, with a survival reduction (70 %-50 %) at 10-year. During tumor progression, the iodide uptake capability of DTC cancer cells can be lost, making them refractory to RAI, with a negative impact on the prognosis. Significant advances have been done recently in our understanding of the molecular pathways implicated in the progression of TCs. Several drugs have been developed, which inhibit signaling kinases or oncogenic kinases (BRAFV600E, RET/PTC), such as those associated with Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor. Tyrosine kinase receptors are involved in cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis. Several tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are emerging as new treatments for DTC, MTC and anaplastic TC (ATC), and can induce a clinical response and stabilize the disease. Lenvatinib and sorafenib reached the approval for RAI-refractory DTC, whereas cabozantinib and vandetanib for MTC. These TKIs extend median progression-free survival, but do not increase the overall survival. Severe side effects and drug resistance can develop in TC patients treated with TKIs. Additional studies are needed to identify a potential effective targeted therapy for aggressive TCs, according to their molecular characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Martina Ferrari
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Galdiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; World Allergy Organization Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "Gaetano Salvatore", National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; World Allergy Organization Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "Gaetano Salvatore", National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giusy Elia
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Ragusa
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sabrina Rosaria Paparo
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Salvatore Benvenga
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Master Program on Childhood, Adolescent and Women's Endocrine Health, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Interdepartmental Program on Molecular & Clinical Endocrinology, and Women's Endocrine Health, University Hospital, A.O.U. Policlinico Gaetano Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Fundamental insights into the interaction between telomerase/TERT and intracellular signaling pathways. Biochimie 2020; 181:12-24. [PMID: 33232793 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Telomerase activity is critical for cancer cells to provide unrestricted proliferation and cellular immortality through maintaining telomeres. Telomerase enzymatic activity is regulatable at the level of DNA, mRNA, post translational modifications, cellular transport and enzyme assembly. More recent studies confirm the interaction of the telomerase with various intracellular signaling pathways including PI3K/AKT/mTOR, NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin which mainly participating in inflammation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Furthermore, hTERT protein has been detected in non-nuclear sites such as the mitochondria and cytoplasm in cells. Mitochondrial TERT indicates various non-telomere-related functions such as decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, boosting the respiration rate, protecting mtDNA by direct binding, interacting with mitochondrial tRNAs and increasing mitochondrial membrane potential which can lead to higher chemoresistance rate in cancer cells during therapies. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of the TERT function and depended interactions in tumor cells can suggest novel therapeutic approaches. Hence, in this review we will explain the telomerase activity regulation in translational and post translational levels besides the established correlations with various cell signaling pathways with possible pathways for therapeutic targeting.
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Dratwa M, Wysoczańska B, Łacina P, Kubik T, Bogunia-Kubik K. TERT-Regulation and Roles in Cancer Formation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:589929. [PMID: 33329574 PMCID: PMC7717964 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.589929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is a catalytic subunit of telomerase. Telomerase complex plays a key role in cancer formation by telomere dependent or independent mechanisms. Telomere maintenance mechanisms include complex TERT changes such as gene amplifications, TERT structural variants, TERT promoter germline and somatic mutations, TERT epigenetic changes, and alternative lengthening of telomere. All of them are cancer specific at tissue histotype and at single cell level. TERT expression is regulated in tumors via multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations which affect telomerase activity. Telomerase activity via TERT expression has an impact on telomere length and can be a useful marker in diagnosis and prognosis of various cancers and a new therapy approach. In this review we want to highlight the main roles of TERT in different mechanisms of cancer development and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Dratwa
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Wysoczańska
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Łacina
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kubik
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Electronics, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bogunia-Kubik
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Zou
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yu-sheng Cong
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Institute of Aging Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Junzhi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Institute of Aging Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
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Zou Y, Cong YS, Zhou J. Implications of telomerase reverse transcriptase in tumor metastasis. BMB Rep 2020; 53:458-465. [PMID: 32731912 PMCID: PMC7526981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 08/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the main culprit of the great majority of cancerrelated deaths. However, the complicated process of the invasion-metastasis cascade remains the least understood aspect of cancer biology. Telomerase plays a pivotal role in bypassing cellular senescence and sustaining the cancer progression by maintaining telomere homeostasis and genomic integrity. Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) exerts a series of fundamental functions that are independent of its enzymatic cellular activity, including proliferation, inflammation, epithelia-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, DNA repair, and gene expression. Accumulating evidence indicates that TERT may facilitate most steps of the invasion-metastasis cascade. In this review, we summarize important advances that have revealed some of the mechanisms by which TERT facilitates tumor metastasis, providing an update on the non-canonical functions of telomerase beyond telomere maintaining. [BMB Reports 2020; 53(9): 458-465].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Zou
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yu-sheng Cong
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Institute of Aging Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Junzhi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Institute of Aging Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
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Arantes LMRB, Cruvinel-Carloni A, de Carvalho AC, Sorroche BP, Carvalho AL, Scapulatempo-Neto C, Reis RM. TERT Promoter Mutation C228T Increases Risk for Tumor Recurrence and Death in Head and Neck Cancer Patients. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1275. [PMID: 32850388 PMCID: PMC7399085 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is usually associated to tobacco and alcohol consumption. Increased telomerase activity has been consistently detected in 80–90% of malignant tumors, including HNSCC. Mutations within the promoter region of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) that confer enhanced TERT promoter activity have been reported in two major hotspots, designated C228T and C250T. Objectives: To evaluate TERT promoter mutations C228T and C250T in HNSCC patients from Brazil and correlate with patients' outcome. Materials and Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues were obtained from 88 HNSCC patients and analyzed for TERT promoter mutations C228T and C250T by pyrosequencing. Results: The overall prevalence of hotspot TERT mutations in HNSCC samples was of 27.3%, with 6.8% at locus C228T and 20.5% at C250T. The majority (92%) of mutated cases were located in oral cavity, mainly at the tongue. We observed that 94.4% of the patients harboring TERT promoter mutation C250T were alcohol consumers (p = 0.032) and 66.7% of the patients harboring TERT promoter mutation C228T were not alcohol consumers (p = 0.035). The presence of C228T mutation impacted patient outcome, with a significant decrease in disease-free survival (20.0 vs. 63.0%, p =0.017) and in overall survival (16.7 vs. 45.1%, p = 0.017). Conclusion: This is the first report of a TERT promoter mutations in HNSCC patients from South America. The high prevalence of TERT mutation, as well as its association with poor disease-free survival and overall survival, particular at C228T locus might serve as a prognostic biomarker in HNSCC to help clinicians in the management of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - André Lopes Carvalho
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | - Cristovam Scapulatempo-Neto
- Department of Pathology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil.,Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics Service, Diagnosticos da América-DASA, Barueri, Brazil
| | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil.,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
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Jiang T, Jia Q, Fang W, Ren S, Chen X, Su C, Zhang L, Zhou C. Pan-cancer analysis identifies TERT alterations as predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors treatment. Clin Transl Med 2020; 10:e109. [PMID: 32564494 PMCID: PMC7403829 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingzhu Jia
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenfeng Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengxiang Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunxia Su
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Trybek T, Kowalik A, Góźdź S, Kowalska A. Telomeres and telomerase in oncogenesis. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:1015-1027. [PMID: 32724340 PMCID: PMC7377093 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are located at the ends of chromosomes and protect them from degradation. Suppressing the activity of telomerase, a telomere-synthesizing enzyme, and maintaining short telomeres is a protective mechanism against cancer in humans. In most human somatic cells, the expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is repressed and telomerase activity is inhibited. This leads to the progressive shortening of telomeres and inhibition of cell growth in a process called replicative senescence. Most types of primary cancer exhibit telomerase activation, which allows uncontrolled cell proliferation. Previous research indicates that TERT activation also affects cancer development through activities other than the canonical function of mediating telomere elongation. Recent studies have improved the understanding of the structure and function of telomeres and telomerase as well as key mechanisms underlying the activation of TERT and its role in oncogenesis. These advances led to a search for drugs that inhibit telomerase as a target for cancer therapy. The present review article summarizes the organization and function of telomeres, their role in carcinogenesis, and advances in telomerase-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Trybek
- Endocrinology Clinic, Holycross Cancer Center, 25-734 Kielce, Poland
| | - Artur Kowalik
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Holycross Cancer Center, 25-734 Kielce, Poland
| | - Stanisław Góźdź
- The Faculty of Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-319 Kielce, Poland.,Oncology Clinic, Holycross Cancer Center, 25-734 Kielce, Poland
| | - Aldona Kowalska
- Endocrinology Clinic, Holycross Cancer Center, 25-734 Kielce, Poland.,The Faculty of Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-319 Kielce, Poland
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42
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The Solo Play of TERT Promoter Mutations. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030749. [PMID: 32204305 PMCID: PMC7140675 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactivation of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) protein is the principal mechanism of telomere maintenance in cancer cells. Mutations in the TERT promoter (TERTp) are a common mechanism of TERT reactivation in many solid cancers, particularly those originating from slow-replicating tissues. They are associated with increased TERT levels, telomere stabilization, and cell immortalization and proliferation. Much effort has been invested in recent years in characterizing their prevalence in different cancers and their potential as biomarkers for tumor stratification, as well as assessing their molecular mechanism of action, but much remains to be understood. Notably, they appear late in cell transformation and are mutually exclusive with each other as well as with other telomere maintenance mechanisms, indicative of overlapping selective advantages and of a strict regulation of TERT expression levels. In this review, we summarized the latest literature on the role and prevalence of TERTp mutations across different cancer types, highlighting their biased distribution. We then discussed the need to maintain TERT levels at sufficient levels to immortalize cells and promote proliferation while remaining within cell sustainability levels. A better understanding of TERT regulation is crucial when considering its use as a possible target in antitumor strategies.
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43
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Quetel L, Meiller C, Assié JB, Blum Y, Imbeaud S, Montagne F, Tranchant R, de Wolf J, Caruso S, Copin MC, Hofman V, Gibault L, Badoual C, Pintilie E, Hofman P, Monnet I, Scherpereel A, Le Pimpec-Barthes F, Zucman-Rossi J, Jaurand MC, Jean D. Genetic alterations of malignant pleural mesothelioma: association with tumor heterogeneity and overall survival. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:1207-1223. [PMID: 32083805 PMCID: PMC7266286 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of precision medicine for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) requires a deep knowledge of tumor heterogeneity. Histologic and molecular classifications and histo‐molecular gradients have been proposed to describe heterogeneity, but a deeper understanding of gene mutations in the context of MPM heterogeneity is required and the associations between mutations and clinical data need to be refined. We characterized genetic alterations on one of the largest MPM series (266 tumor samples), well annotated with histologic, molecular and clinical data of patients. Targeted next‐generation sequencing was performed focusing on the major MPM mutated genes and the TERT promoter. Molecular heterogeneity was characterized using predictors allowing classification of each tumor into the previously described molecular subtypes and the determination of the proportion of epithelioid‐like and sarcomatoid‐like components (E/S.scores). The mutation frequencies are consistent with literature data, but this study emphasized that TERT promoter, not considered by previous large sequencing studies, was the third locus most affected by mutations in MPM. Mutations in TERT promoter, NF2, and LATS2 were more frequent in nonepithelioid MPM and positively associated with the S.score. BAP1, NF2, TERT promoter, TP53, and SETD2 mutations were enriched in some molecular subtypes. NF2 mutation rate was higher in asbestos unexposed patient. TERT promoter, NF2, and TP53 mutations were associated with a poorer overall survival. Our findings lead to a better characterization of MPM heterogeneity by identifying new significant associations between mutational status and histologic and molecular heterogeneity. Strikingly, we highlight the strong association between new mutations and overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Quetel
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, France
| | - Clément Meiller
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Assié
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, France
| | - Yuna Blum
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Imbeaud
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, France
| | - François Montagne
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, France
| | - Robin Tranchant
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, France
| | - Julien de Wolf
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, France
| | - Stefano Caruso
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, France
| | - Marie-Christine Copin
- Institut de Pathologie, Centre de Biologie-Pathologie, CHRU de Lille, France.,Université de Lille, France
| | - Véronique Hofman
- Laboratoire de Pathologie Clinique et Expérimentale (LPCE) et Biobanque (BB-0033-00025), CHRU de Nice, France.,FHU OncoAge, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Laure Gibault
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,Service d'Anatomopathologie et Cytologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Badoual
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,Service d'Anatomopathologie et Cytologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Ecaterina Pintilie
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Calmette - CHRU de Lille, France
| | - Paul Hofman
- Laboratoire de Pathologie Clinique et Expérimentale (LPCE) et Biobanque (BB-0033-00025), CHRU de Nice, France.,FHU OncoAge, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Isabelle Monnet
- Service de Pneumologie et Pathologie Professionnelle, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, France
| | - Arnaud Scherpereel
- Université de Lille, France.,Service de Pneumologie et d'Oncologie Thoracique, Hôpital Calmette - CHRU de Lille, France.,Réseau National Expert pour le Mésothéliome Pleural Malin (MESOCLIN), Lille, France
| | - Françoise Le Pimpec-Barthes
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Claude Jaurand
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, France
| | - Didier Jean
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, France
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Vinothkumar V, Arun K, Arunkumar G, Revathidevi S, Ramani R, Bhaskar LVKS, Murugan AK, Munirajan AK. Association between functional TERT promoter polymorphism rs2853669 and cervical cancer risk in South Indian women. Mol Clin Oncol 2020; 12:485-494. [PMID: 32257207 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2020.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2853669 (A>G) in the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter has recently been reported in chr5:1,295,349 T>C (T349C), and was shown to be associated with increased cancer risk and poor survival in a specific population. However, at present, the role of this particular SNP with TERT promoter driver mutations and its genetic association with human papilloma virus (HPV) in patients with cervical cancer has not been determined. In the present study, the genetic association of the functional SNP rs2853669 in the presence/absence of TERT promoter hotspot mutations and HPV in patients with cervical cancer of South Indian origin was evaluated. To understand and compare the frequency of the variant allele and its risk association in different cancer types of various populations, the SNP was genotyped in 257 cervical cancer samples and 295 controls, and its associations with TERT promoter hotspot mutations and HPV were analyzed. Furthermore, an extensive search of previously published articles in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science was conducted; a meta-analysis was carried out to elucidate the association of the SNP with different cancer types in global populations. The SNP analysis showed significantly high frequency (41%) of homozygous variant allele rs2853669 (GG) in patients with cervical cancer compared with control samples [Recessive allele model odds ratio (OR)=1.71; 95% CI=1.20-2.43; P=0.003]. No significant interaction was observed between the TERT SNP rs2853669 and HPV status as well as other hotspot TERT promoter (C228T and C250T) mutations determined in our previous study. In addition, the overall meta-analysis revealed a significant association of the SNP rs2853669 with other cancer types in different ethnic populations (OR=1.09; 95% CI=1.03-1.16; P=0.004). The present results suggested that the TERT SNP rs2853669 could play an important role in the risk of cervical cancer in a South Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilvanathan Vinothkumar
- Department of Genetics, Dr ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600113, India
| | - Kanagaraj Arun
- Department of Genetics, Dr ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600113, India
| | - Ganesan Arunkumar
- Department of Genetics, Dr ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600113, India
| | - Sundaramoorthy Revathidevi
- Department of Genetics, Dr ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600113, India
| | - Rajendren Ramani
- Institute of Social Obstetrics and Government Kasturba Gandhi Hospital for Women and Children, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600005, India
| | | | - Avaniyapuram Kannan Murugan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Arasambattu Kannan Munirajan
- Department of Genetics, Dr ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600113, India
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Lopes TZ, de Moraes FR, Tedesco AC, Arni RK, Rahal P, Calmon MF. Berberine associated photodynamic therapy promotes autophagy and apoptosis via ROS generation in renal carcinoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 123:109794. [PMID: 31874443 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) consists of the most lethal common urological cancer and the clinical practice has shown that resistant RCC to commons therapies is extremely high. Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid, presents in different kinds of plants and it has long been used in Chinese medicine. It has several properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial and anti-cancer. Moreover, berberine has photosensitive characteristics and its association with photodynamic therapy (PDT) is effective against tumor cells. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of berberine associated with PDT in renal carcinoma cell lines. The cellular viability assay showed increased cytotoxicity in concentration and time-dependent manner. Berberine presented efficient internalization in all cell lines analyzed. In addition, after treatment with berberine associated with PDT, it was observed a high phototoxicity effect with less than 20 % of viable cells. In this study we observed that the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels was accompanied by an increase of autophagy levels and apoptosis by caspase 3 activity, suggesting cell death by both mechanisms. Additionally, three target genes of anti-cancer drugs were differentially expressed in 786-O cells, being that Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-D (FIGF) and Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT) gene presented low expression and Polo Like Kinase 3 (PLK3) presented overexpression after treatment with berberine associated with PDT. In this study, the proposed treatment triggered metabolites changes related to cell proliferation, tumorigenesis and angiogenesis. Thus, it was possible to suggest that berberine has promising potential as a photosensitizing agent in a photodynamic therapy, because it induced significant anticancer effects on renal carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tairine Zara Lopes
- Laboratory of Genomics Studies, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Rogério de Moraes
- Physics Department, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Multiuser Center for Biomolecular Innovation, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering-Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Raghuvir Krishnaswamy Arni
- Physics Department, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Multiuser Center for Biomolecular Innovation, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Rahal
- Laboratory of Genomics Studies, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilia Freitas Calmon
- Laboratory of Genomics Studies, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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46
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Park B, Lee W, Park I, Han K. Finding prognostic gene pairs for cancer from patient-specific gene networks. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:179. [PMID: 31856825 PMCID: PMC6923916 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0634-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular characterization of individual cancer patients is important because cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease with many possible genetic and environmental causes. Many studies have been conducted to identify diagnostic or prognostic gene signatures for cancer from gene expression profiles. However, some gene signatures may fail to serve as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and gene signatures may not be found in gene expression profiles. METHODS In this study, we developed a general method for constructing patient-specific gene correlation networks and for identifying prognostic gene pairs from the networks. A patient-specific gene correlation network was constructed by comparing a reference gene correlation network from normal samples to a network perturbed by a single patient sample. The main difference of our method from previous ones includes (1) it is focused on finding prognostic gene pairs rather than prognostic genes and (2) it can identify prognostic gene pairs from gene expression profiles even when no significant prognostic genes exist. RESULTS Evaluation of our method with extensive data sets of three cancer types (breast invasive carcinoma, colon adenocarcinoma, and lung adenocarcinoma) showed that our approach is general and that gene pairs can serve as more reliable prognostic signatures for cancer than genes. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that prognosis of individual cancer patients is associated with the existence of prognostic gene pairs in the patient-specific network and the size of a subnetwork of the prognostic gene pairs in the patient-specific network. Although preliminary, our approach will be useful for finding gene pairs to predict survival time of patients and to tailor treatments to individual characteristics. The program for dynamically constructing patient-specific gene networks and for finding prognostic gene pairs is available at http://bclab.inha.ac.kr/pancancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungkyu Park
- Department of Computer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea
| | - Wook Lee
- Department of Computer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea
| | - Inhee Park
- Department of Computer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea
| | - Kyungsook Han
- Department of Computer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea.
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47
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Ylli D, Patel A, Jensen K, Li ZZ, Mendonca-Torres MC, Costello J, Gomes-Lima CJ, Wartofsky L, Burman KD, Vasko VV. Microfluidic Droplet Digital PCR Is a Powerful Tool for Detection of BRAF and TERT Mutations in Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121916. [PMID: 31810221 PMCID: PMC6966523 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the utility of microfluidic digital PCR (dPCR) for detection of BRAF and TERT mutations in thyroid tumors. DNA extracted from 100 thyroid tumors (10 follicular adenomas, 10 follicular cancers, 5 medullary cancers, and 75 papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) were used for detection of BRAF and TERT mutations. Digital PCRs were performed using rare mutation SNP genotyping assays on QuantStudio 3D platform. In PTCs, BRAFV600E was detected by dPCR and Sanger sequencing in 42/75 (56%) and in 37/75 (49%), respectively. BRAFV600E was not detected in other tumors. The ratio of mutant/total BRAF alleles varied from 4.7% to 47.5%. These ratios were higher in classical PTCs (27.1%) as compared to follicular variant PTCs (9.4%) p = 0.001. In PTCs with and without metastases, the ratios of mutant/total BRAF alleles were 27.6% and 18.4%, respectively, (p = 0.03). In metastatic lesions percentages of mutant/total BRAF alleles were similar to those detected in primary tumors. TERTC228T and TERTC250T were found in two and one cases, respectively, and these tumors concomitantly harbored BRAFV600E. These tumors exhibited gross extra-thyroidal extension, metastases to lymph nodes, and pulmonary metastases (one case). Our results showed that dPCR allows quantitative assessment of druggable targets in PTCs and could be helpful in a molecular-based stratification of prognosis in patients with thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Ylli
- Thyroid Cancer Research Center, MedStar Health Research Institute, 100 Irving St NW, Washington, DC 2010, USA; (D.Y.); (C.J.G.-L.); (L.W.); (K.D.B.)
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, 110 Irving St NW, Washington, DC 2010, USA
- Department of Imaging and Clinical Semeiotic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine Tirana, 371 Dibra St, 1005 Tirana, Albania
| | - Aneeta Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (A.P.); (K.J.); (M.C.M.-T.); (J.C.)
| | - Kirk Jensen
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (A.P.); (K.J.); (M.C.M.-T.); (J.C.)
| | - Zhao-Zhang Li
- Biomedical instrumentation center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA;
| | - Maria Cecilia Mendonca-Torres
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (A.P.); (K.J.); (M.C.M.-T.); (J.C.)
| | - John Costello
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (A.P.); (K.J.); (M.C.M.-T.); (J.C.)
| | - Cristiane Jeyce Gomes-Lima
- Thyroid Cancer Research Center, MedStar Health Research Institute, 100 Irving St NW, Washington, DC 2010, USA; (D.Y.); (C.J.G.-L.); (L.W.); (K.D.B.)
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, 110 Irving St NW, Washington, DC 2010, USA
| | - Leonard Wartofsky
- Thyroid Cancer Research Center, MedStar Health Research Institute, 100 Irving St NW, Washington, DC 2010, USA; (D.Y.); (C.J.G.-L.); (L.W.); (K.D.B.)
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, 110 Irving St NW, Washington, DC 2010, USA
| | - Kenneth Dale Burman
- Thyroid Cancer Research Center, MedStar Health Research Institute, 100 Irving St NW, Washington, DC 2010, USA; (D.Y.); (C.J.G.-L.); (L.W.); (K.D.B.)
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, 110 Irving St NW, Washington, DC 2010, USA
| | - Vasyl V. Vasko
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (A.P.); (K.J.); (M.C.M.-T.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(240)-423-1051
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Viana-Pereira M, Moreno DA, Linhares P, Amorim J, Nabiço R, Costa S, Vaz R, Reis RM. Replication of GWAS identifies RTEL1, CDKN2A/B, and PHLDB1 SNPs as risk factors in Portuguese gliomas patients. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:877-886. [PMID: 31721021 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05178-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse gliomas are the most common malignant primary brain tumors and remain incurable. A better knowledge of the tumor etiology is required. Specific single nucleotides polymorphisms (SNPs) rs4977756 (CDKN2A/B), rs6010620 (RTEL1), rs498872 (PHLDB1), rs2736100 (TERT), and rs4295627 (CCDC26) have been associated with glioma susceptibility and are potential risk biomarkers. This study aimed to analyze five SNPs associated with glioma susceptibility, in the Portuguese population. SNPs were genotyped using the Sequenom MassARRAY platform in 127 gliomas and 180 controls. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals. The false-positive report probability was also assessed. The associations between polymorphisms and survival were evaluated using the log-rank test. It was found that the AG and GG genotypes of the rs4977756 (CDKN2A/B) were associated with an increased risk of gliomas (OR 1.85 and OR 2.38) and glioblastomas (OR 2.77 and OR 3.94). The GA genotype of the rs6010620 (RTEL1) was associated with a decreased risk of glioblastomas (OR 0.45). We also observed that the GA genotype of the rs498872 (PHLDB1) was associated with an increased risk of gliomas (OR 2.92) and glioblastomas (OR 2.39). No significant risk associations were found for the rs2736100 (TERT) and rs4295627 (CCDC26). In addition, the genotype AA of the rs498872 (PHLDB1) was associated with poor overall survival of gliomas patients (AA vs. GA, p = 0.037). The rs6010620 (RTEL1), rs4977756 (CDKN2A/B), and rs498872 (PHLDB1) are associated with glioma risk in the Portuguese population and these data may contribute to understanding gliomas etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Viana-Pereira
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Minho, Portugal
| | | | - Paulo Linhares
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. João, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Júlia Amorim
- Department of Oncology, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Rui Nabiço
- Department of Oncology, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sandra Costa
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Minho, Portugal
| | - Rui Vaz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital S. João, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Manuel Reis
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Minho, Portugal. .,Barretos Cancer Hospital, Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos, SP, Brazil.
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49
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Rahman MM, Brane AC, Tollefsbol TO. MicroRNAs and Epigenetics Strategies to Reverse Breast Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101214. [PMID: 31597272 PMCID: PMC6829616 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a sporadic disease with genetic and epigenetic components. Genomic instability in breast cancer leads to mutations, copy number variations, and genetic rearrangements, while epigenetic remodeling involves alteration by DNA methylation, histone modification and microRNAs (miRNAs) of gene expression profiles. The accrued scientific findings strongly suggest epigenetic dysregulation in breast cancer pathogenesis though genomic instability is central to breast cancer hallmarks. Being reversible and plastic, epigenetic processes appear more amenable toward therapeutic intervention than the more unidirectional genetic alterations. In this review, we discuss the epigenetic reprogramming associated with breast cancer such as shuffling of DNA methylation, histone acetylation, histone methylation, and miRNAs expression profiles. As part of this, we illustrate how epigenetic instability orchestrates the attainment of cancer hallmarks which stimulate the neoplastic transformation-tumorigenesis-malignancy cascades. As reversibility of epigenetic controls is a promising feature to optimize for devising novel therapeutic approaches, we also focus on the strategies for restoring the epistate that favor improved disease outcome and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mijanur Rahman
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Andrew C Brane
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Trygve O Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1802 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1675 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1825 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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50
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The role of telomeres and telomerase in cirrhosis and liver cancer. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 16:544-558. [PMID: 31253940 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0165-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Telomerase is a key enzyme for cell survival that prevents telomere shortening and the subsequent cellular senescence that is observed after many rounds of cell division. In contrast, inactivation of telomerase is observed in most cells of the adult liver. Absence of telomerase activity and shortening of telomeres has been implicated in hepatocyte senescence and the development of cirrhosis, a chronic liver disease that can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. During hepatocarcinogenesis, telomerase reactivation is required to enable the uncontrolled cell proliferation that leads to malignant transformation and HCC development. Part of the telomerase complex, telomerase reverse transcriptase, is encoded by TERT, and several mechanisms of telomerase reactivation have been described in HCC that include somatic TERT promoter mutations, TERT amplification, TERT translocation and viral insertion into the TERT gene. An understanding of the role of telomeres and telomerase in HCC development is important to develop future targeted therapies and improve survival of this disease. In this Review, the roles of telomeres and telomerase in liver carcinogenesis are discussed, in addition to their potential translation to clinical practice as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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