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Pacheco-Bernal I, Becerril-Pérez F, Bustamante-Zepeda M, González-Suárez M, Olmedo-Suárez MA, Hernández-Barrientos LR, Alarcón-Del-Carmen A, Escalante-Covarrubias Q, Mendoza-Viveros L, Hernández-Lemus E, León-Del-Río A, de la Rosa-Velázquez IA, Orozco-Solis R, Aguilar-Arnal L. Transitions in chromatin conformation shaped by fatty acids and the circadian clock underlie hepatic transcriptional reorganization in obese mice. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:309. [PMID: 39060446 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05364-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The circadian clock system coordinates metabolic, physiological, and behavioral functions across a 24-h cycle, crucial for adapting to environmental changes. Disruptions in circadian rhythms contribute to major metabolic pathologies like obesity and Type 2 diabetes. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms governing circadian control is vital for identifying therapeutic targets. It is well characterized that chromatin remodeling and 3D structure at genome regulatory elements contributes to circadian transcriptional cycles; yet the impact of rhythmic chromatin topology in metabolic disease is largely unexplored. In this study, we explore how the spatial configuration of the genome adapts to diet, rewiring circadian transcription and contributing to dysfunctional metabolism. We describe daily fluctuations in chromatin contacts between distal regulatory elements of metabolic control genes in livers from lean and obese mice and identify specific lipid-responsive regions recruiting the clock molecular machinery. Interestingly, under high-fat feeding, a distinct interactome for the clock-controlled gene Dbp strategically promotes the expression of distal metabolic genes including Fgf21. Alongside, new chromatin loops between regulatory elements from genes involved in lipid metabolism control contribute to their transcriptional activation. These enhancers are responsive to lipids through CEBPβ, counteracting the circadian repressor REVERBa. Our findings highlight the intricate coupling of circadian gene expression to a dynamic nuclear environment under high-fat feeding, supporting a temporally regulated program of gene expression and transcriptional adaptation to diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Pacheco-Bernal
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fernando Becerril-Pérez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcia Bustamante-Zepeda
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mirna González-Suárez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel A Olmedo-Suárez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Ricardo Hernández-Barrientos
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Alarcón-Del-Carmen
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Quetzalcoatl Escalante-Covarrubias
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lucía Mendoza-Viveros
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Metabolismo y Envejecimiento, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
- Centro de Investigacíon sobre el Envejecimiento, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CIE-CINVESTAV), Mexico City, México
- Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Enrique Hernández-Lemus
- Department of Computational Genomics, Centro de Ciencias de La Complejidad (C3), Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfonso León-Del-Río
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Programa Institucional de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Inti A de la Rosa-Velázquez
- Genomics Laboratory, Red de Apoyo a la Investigación-CIC, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
- Next Generation Sequencing Core Facility, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr 1, 85754, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ricardo Orozco-Solis
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Metabolismo y Envejecimiento, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
- Centro de Investigacíon sobre el Envejecimiento, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CIE-CINVESTAV), Mexico City, México
| | - Lorena Aguilar-Arnal
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Wang HC, Yang W, Xu L, Han YH, Lin Y, Lu CT, Kim K, Zhao YZ, Yu XC. BV2 Membrane-Coated PEGylated-Liposomes Delivered hFGF21 to Cortical and Hippocampal Microglia for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2400125. [PMID: 38513154 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Microglia-mediated inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), whereas human fibroblast growth factor 21 (hFGF21) has demonstrated the ability to regulate microglia activation in Parkinson's disease, indicating a potential therapeutic role in AD. However, challenges such as aggregation, rapid inactivation, and the blood-brain barrier hinder its effectiveness in treating AD. This study develops targeted delivery of hFGF21 to activated microglia using BV2 cell membrane-coated PEGylated liposomes (hFGF21@BCM-LIP), preserving the bioactivity of hFGF21. In vitro, hFGF21@BCM-LIP specifically targets Aβ1-42-induced BV2 cells, with uptake hindered by anti-VCAM-1 antibody, indicating the importance of VCAM-1 and integrin α4/β1 interaction in targeted delivery to BV2 cells. In vivo, following subcutaneous injection near the lymph nodes of the neck, hFGF21@BCM-LIP diffuses into lymph nodes and distributes along the meningeal lymphatic vasculature and brain parenchyma in amyloid-beta (Aβ1-42)-induced mice. Furthermore, the administration of hFGF21@BCM-LIP to activated microglia improves cognitive deficits caused by Aβ1-42 and reduces levels of tau, p-Tau, and BACE1. It also decreases interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) release while increasing interleukin-10 (IL-10) release both in vivo and in vitro. These results indicate that hFGF21@BCM-LIP can be a promising treatment for AD, by effectively crossing the blood-brain barrier and targeting delivery to brain microglia via the neck-meningeal lymphatic vasculature-brain parenchyma pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Cai Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, China
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, China
| | - Ling Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, China
| | - Yong-Hui Han
- Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325101, China
| | - Yi Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, China
| | - Cui-Tao Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, China
| | - Kwonseop Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ying-Zheng Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, China
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315302, China
| | - Xi-Chong Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, China
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Zhu J, Jin Z, Wang J, Wu Z, Xu T, Tong G, Shen E, Fan J, Jiang C, Wang J, Li X, Cong W, Lin L. FGF21 ameliorates septic liver injury by restraining proinflammatory macrophages activation through the autophagy/HIF-1α axis. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00134-6. [PMID: 38599281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sepsis, a systemic immune syndrome caused by severe trauma or infection, poses a substantial threat to the health of patients worldwide. The progression of sepsis is heavily influenced by septic liver injury, which is triggered by infection and cytokine storms, and has a significant impact on the tolerance and prognosis of septic patients. The objective of our study is to elucidate the biological role and molecular mechanism of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in the process of sepsis. OBJECTIVES This study was undertaken in an attempt to elucidate the function and molecular mechanism of FGF21 in therapy of sepsis. METHODS Serum concentrations of FGF21 were measured in sepsis patients and septic mice. Liver injury was compared between mice FGF21 knockout (KO) mice and wildtype (WT) mice. To assess the therapeutic potential, recombinant human FGF21 was administered to septic mice. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism of FGF21 was investigated in mice with myeloid-cell specific HIF-1α overexpression mice (LyzM-CreDIO-HIF-1α) and myeloid-cell specific Atg7 knockout mice (Atg7△mye). RESULTS Serum level of FGF21 was significantly increased in sepsis patients and septic mice. Through the use of recombinant human FGF21 (rhFGF21) and FGF21 KO mice, we found that FGF21 mitigated septic liver injury by inhibiting the initiation and propagation of inflammation. Treatment with rhFGF21 effectively suppressed the activation of proinflammatory macrophages by promoting macroautophagy/autophagy degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). Importantly, the therapeutic effect of rhFGF21 against septic liver injury was nullified in LyzM-CreDIO-HIF-1α mice and Atg7△mye mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that FGF21 considerably suppresses inflammation upon septic liver injury through the autophagy/ HIF-1α axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Zhouxiang Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Jie Wang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Zhaohang Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Tianpeng Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Gaozan Tong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Enzhao Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Junfu Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Chunhui Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Weitao Cong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China; Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Li Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China.
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Fan L, Gu L, Yao Y, Ma G. High serum fibroblast growth factor 21 levels were related to the prognosis and ventricular remodeling of heart failure patients with mildly reduced and reduced ejection fraction. Perfusion 2024; 39:285-293. [PMID: 36321746 DOI: 10.1177/02676591221137482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies have shown that fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is involved in the ventricular remodeling process in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We hypothesized that high levels of FGF21 correlated with the ventricular remodeling of heart failure patients with mildly reduced (HFmrEF) and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). METHODS A total of 203 participants with HFmrEF or HFrEF were enrolled and followed up from June 2018 to June 2021. 68 subjects without heart failure (HF) underwent physical examinations during the same time were selected as the control group. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), which were defined as all-cause or cardiac mortality and rehospitalization for decompensation. Serum FGF21 levels were measured early the next morning after admission using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The FGF21 levels were significantly higher in patients with HFmrEF or HFrEF than that in the control group (213.57 ± 42.65 pg/mL, 222.93 ± 34.36 pg/mL vs 171.00 ± 12.86 pg/mL, p < .001). The serum levels of FGF21 and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were both higher in the endpoint event group than those of non-endpoint event group regardless of the HFmrEF or HFrEF group (p < .001). Spearman's correlation revealed that FGF21 was positively correlated with left ventricular end-systolic diameter left ventricular end-diastolic diameter left ventricular mass index (p < .01). Moreover, there was a negative correlation between FGF21 and left ventricular ejection fraction in addition to relative wall thickness (p < .001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of FGF21 was 0.874. The optimal cut-off value of FGF21 determined by ROC curve was 210.11 pg/mL. The Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that the low FGF21 levels group had an increased MACE-free survival rate compared with the high FGF21 levels group. On univariate and multivariate Cox analysis, it was seen that both serum FGF21 and NT-proBNP were independent predictors of a poor prognosis in HF patients. CONCLUSION Baseline levels of FGF21 and NT-proBNP were related to the ventricular remodeling of patients with a mildly reduced or reduced ejection fraction. FGF21 and NT-proBNP both had good prognostic value for MACEs in heart failure patients with a mildly reduced and reduced ejection fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuzhang Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Yancheng First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Yancheng, China
| | - Lingyun Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuyu Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Genshan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Nemtsova V, Vischer AS, Burkard T. Hypertensive Heart Disease: A Narrative Review Series-Part 3: Vasculature, Biomarkers and the Matrix of Hypertensive Heart Disease. J Clin Med 2024; 13:505. [PMID: 38256639 PMCID: PMC10816030 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades, research efforts have resulted in major advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of hypertensive heart disease (HHD). This is the third part of a three-part review series. Here, we focus on the influence of high blood pressure on the micro- and macroalterations that occur in the vasculature in HHD. We also provide an overview of circulating cardiac biomarkers that may prove useful for a better understanding of the pathophysiology, development and progression of HHD, and may play a unique role in the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of patients with HHD, taking into account their properties showing as abnormal long before the onset of the disease. In the conclusion, we propose an updated definition of HHD and a matrix for clinical classification, which we suspect will be useful in practice, allowing an individual approach to HHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriya Nemtsova
- Medical Outpatient Department and Hypertension Clinic, ESH Hypertension Centre of Excellence, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (V.N.); (A.S.V.)
- Internal Diseases and Family Medicine Department, Educational and Scientific Medical Institute of National Technical University «Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute», 61000 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Annina S. Vischer
- Medical Outpatient Department and Hypertension Clinic, ESH Hypertension Centre of Excellence, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (V.N.); (A.S.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thilo Burkard
- Medical Outpatient Department and Hypertension Clinic, ESH Hypertension Centre of Excellence, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (V.N.); (A.S.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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Kukułowicz J, Pietrzak-Lichwa K, Klimończyk K, Idlin N, Bajda M. The SLC6A15-SLC6A20 Neutral Amino Acid Transporter Subfamily: Functions, Diseases, and Their Therapeutic Relevance. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 76:142-193. [PMID: 37940347 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.123.000886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The neutral amino acid transporter subfamily that consists of six members, consecutively SLC6A15-SLC620, also called orphan transporters, represents membrane, sodium-dependent symporter proteins that belong to the family of solute carrier 6 (SLC6). Primarily, they mediate the transport of neutral amino acids from the extracellular milieu toward cell or storage vesicles utilizing an electric membrane potential as the driving force. Orphan transporters are widely distributed throughout the body, covering many systems; for instance, the central nervous, renal, or intestinal system, supplying cells into molecules used in biochemical, signaling, and building pathways afterward. They are responsible for intestinal absorption and renal reabsorption of amino acids. In the central nervous system, orphan transporters constitute a significant medium for the provision of neurotransmitter precursors. Diseases related with aforementioned transporters highlight their significance; SLC6A19 mutations are associated with metabolic Hartnup disorder, whereas altered expression of SLC6A15 has been associated with a depression/stress-related disorders. Mutations of SLC6A18-SLCA20 cause iminoglycinuria and/or hyperglycinuria. SLC6A18-SLC6A20 to reach the cellular membrane require an ancillary unit ACE2 that is a molecular target for the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. SLC6A19 has been proposed as a molecular target for the treatment of metabolic disorders resembling gastric surgery bypass. Inhibition of SLC6A15 appears to have a promising outcome in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. SLC6A19 and SLC6A20 have been suggested as potential targets in the treatment of COVID-19. In this review, we gathered recent advances on orphan transporters, their structure, functions, related disorders, and diseases, and in particular their relevance as therapeutic targets. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The following review systematizes current knowledge about the SLC6A15-SLCA20 neutral amino acid transporter subfamily and their therapeutic relevance in the treatment of different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jędrzej Kukułowicz
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pietrzak-Lichwa
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Klaudia Klimończyk
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Nathalie Idlin
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Bajda
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Shen M, Zhang M, Mao N, Lin Z. Batokine in Central Nervous System Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:7021-7031. [PMID: 37526894 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03490-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a special type of fat tissue in mammals and is also a key endocrine organ in the human body. Batokine, the endocrine effector of BAT, plays a neuroprotective role and improves the prognosis by exerting anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as by improving vascular endothelial function and other mechanisms in nerve injury diseases. The present article briefly reviewed several types of batokines related to central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Following this, the potential therapeutic value and future research direction of batokines for CNS diseases were chiefly discussed from the aspects of protective mechanism and signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Shen
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Niping Mao
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenlang Lin
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Bo W, Ma Y, Feng L, Yu M, Zhang L, Cai M, Song W, Xi Y, Tian Z. FGF21 promotes myocardial angiogenesis and mediates the cardioprotective effects of exercise in myocardial infarction mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:696-705. [PMID: 37535710 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00307.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism by which aerobic exercise promotes cardiac function after myocardial infarction (MI) is still not fully understand. In this study, we investigated the role of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in exercise protecting the cardiac function of MI mice. In vivo, MI was induced by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation in wild-type and fgf21 knockout mice on the C57BL/6 background. One week after MI, the mice underwent aerobic exercise for 4 wk. In vitro, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with H2O2, recombinant human FGF21 (rhFGF21), fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) inhibitor (PD166866), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor (LY294002) to explore the potential mechanisms. Scratch wound healing and tubule formation analysis were used to detect the migration and tubule formation ability of HUVECs. Our results showed that aerobic exercise significantly promoted angiogenesis and cardiac function through enhancing the expression of FGF21 and activating FGFR1/PI3K/AKT/VEGF pathway. But such changes in cardiac from aerobic exercise were attenuated by fgf21 knockout mice. 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) enhanced angiogenesis and cell migration through FGF21/FGFR1/PI3K/AKT/VEGF signaling pathway. Under the intervention of H2O2, rhFGF21 also played the role of promoting angiogenesis and cell migration through the same mechanism. In conclusion, our results showed that FGF21 promoted the aerobic exercise-induced angiogenesis and improved cardiac function via FGFR1/PI3K/AKT/VEGF signal in MI mice.NEW & NOTEWORTHY FGF21 activated FGFR1/PI3K/AKT/VEGF signaling pathway mediated angiogenesis in MI mice. FGF21 deficiency attenuated aerobic exercise-induced cardiac angiogenesis in MI mice. FGF21/FGFR1/PI3K/AKT/VEGF signal played an important role in aerobic exercise to promote myocardial angiogenesis and improved cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Bo
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixuan Ma
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Feng
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyuan Yu
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxin Cai
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Song
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Xi
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjun Tian
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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9
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Kaur N, Gare SR, Ruiz-Velasco A, Miller JM, Abouleisa RR, Ou Q, Shen J, Soran H, Mohamed TM, Liu W. FGF21/FGFR1-β-KL cascade in cardiomyocytes modulates angiogenesis and inflammation under metabolic stress. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14952. [PMID: 37123894 PMCID: PMC10133673 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder with an increased risk of developing heart failure. Inflammation and damaged vasculature are the cardinal features of diabetes-induced cardiac damage. Moreover, systemic metabolic stress triggers discordant intercellular communication, thus culminating in cardiac dysfunction. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a pleiotropic hormone transducing cellular signals via fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) and its co-receptor beta-klotho (β-KL). This study first demonstrated a decreased expression or activity of FGFR1 and β-KL in both human and mouse diabetic hearts. Reinforcing cardiac FGFR1 and β-KL expression can alleviate pro-inflammatory response and endothelial dysfunction upon diabetic stress. Using proteomics, novel cardiomyocyte-derived anti-inflammatory and proangiogenic factors regulated by FGFR1-β-KL signaling were identified. Although not exhaustive, this study provides a unique insight into the protective topology of the cardiac FGFR1-β-KL signaling-mediated intercellular reactions in the heart in response to metabolic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrita Kaur
- University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PT, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | - Jessica M. Miller
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 580 S Preston St., Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Riham R.E. Abouleisa
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 580 S Preston St., Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Qinghui Ou
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 580 S Preston St., Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Jiahan Shen
- University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PT, Manchester, UK
| | - Handrean Soran
- University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PT, Manchester, UK
| | - Tamer M.A. Mohamed
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 580 S Preston St., Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PT, Manchester, UK
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10
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Gu L, Jiang W, Jiang W, Xu Z, Li W, Zhang H. Elevated serum FGF21 levels predict heart failure during hospitalization of STEMI patients after emergency percutaneous coronary intervention. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14855. [PMID: 36778154 PMCID: PMC9910186 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has multiple cardioprotective effects including modulation of glucolipid metabolism, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxidative stress, but its association with the heart failure during hospitalization in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has not been reported. Methods A total of 348 STEMI patients treated with emergency PCI were included from January 2016 to December 2018. Relevant biochemical indicators were measured by central laboratory. Serum FGF21 levels were measured by ELISA. The occurrence of heart failure during hospitalization was recorded. Patients' cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography. Results Serum FGF21 levels were significantly higher in the STEMI group with heart failure than in the group without heart failure (249.95 ± 25.52 vs. 209.98 ± 36.35, P < 0.001). Serum FGF21 levels showed a strong positive correlation with N-terminal precursor B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in STEMI patients (r = 0.749, P < 0.001). FGF21 was found to be an independent risk factor for the development of heart failure during hospitalization in STEMI patients by binary logistic regression analysis. The area under curve (AUC) for FGF21 to predict the development of heart failure during hospitalization in STEMI patients was 0.816 (95% CI [0.770-0.863]) according to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Conclusion Elevated serum FGF21 levels have been shown to be a strong predictor of heart failure during hospitalization in patients with STEMI after emergency PCI.
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11
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Yan B, Ma S, Yan C, Han Y. Fibroblast growth factor 21 and prognosis of patients with cardiovascular disease: A meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1108234. [PMID: 36926038 PMCID: PMC10011636 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1108234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in predicting the long-term prognosis of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unknown. METHODS A comprehensive search in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library was performed to identify studies reporting the association between FGF21 and prognosis among patients with CVD. A meta-analysis was performed, with patients stratified by coronary artery disease (CAD) or heart failure (HF). The endpoint of CAD or HF was major adverse cardiovascular events defined by each study and a composite of death or HF readmission, respectively. The I2 method and linear regression test of funnel plot asymmetry were used to test heterogeneity (I2 > 50% indicates substantial heterogeneity) and publication bias (asymmetry P < 0.05, indicating publication bias). RESULTS A total of 807 records were retrieved, and nine studies were finally included. Higher FGF21 levels were significantly associated with the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with CAD (multivariate hazard ratio [HR]: 1.77, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.40-2.23, P < 0.05, I2 = 0%, fixed-effect model). Increased FGF21 levels were also associated with the risk of all-cause death among patients with CAD (multivariate HR: 2.67, 95% CI: 1.25-5.72, P < 0.05, I2 = 64%, random-effect model). No association was found between FGF21 and the endpoint among patients with HF (HR: 1.57, 95% CI: 0.99-2.48, P > 0.05, random-effect model), but a large heterogeneity (I2 = 95%) and potential publication bias (Asymmetry P < 0.05) existed in the analysis. CONCLUSION Increased FGF21 levels were independently associated with poor prognosis of CAD, whereas the role of FGF21 in predicting clinical outcomes of HF requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Chinese People's Liberation Army, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Sicong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Chinese People's Liberation Army, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chenghui Yan
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Chinese People's Liberation Army, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- *Correspondence: Chenghui Yan, ; Yaling Han,
| | - Yaling Han
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Chinese People's Liberation Army, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- *Correspondence: Chenghui Yan, ; Yaling Han,
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12
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Chang A, Tam J, Agrawal DK, Liu HH, Varadarajan P, Pai R, Thankam FG. Synthetic Fibroblasts: Terra Incognita in Cardiac Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2022; 28:1235-1241. [PMID: 35535856 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2022.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease, a major risk factor for myocardial infarction (MI), occurs when the blood vessels supplying oxygen-rich blood to the heart become partially or fully occluded by lipid-rich plaques, resulting in myocardial cell death, remodeling, and scarring. In addition, MI occurs as result of lipid-rich plaque rupture, resulting in thrombosis and vessel occlusion. Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and CF-derived growth factors are crucial post-MI in myocardial remodeling. Information regarding the regenerative phenotypes of CFs is scarce; however, regenerative CFs are translationally relevant in myocardial regeneration following MI. The emerging technologies in regenerative cardiology offer cutting-edge translational opportunities, including synthetic cells. In this review, we critically reviewed the current knowledge and the ongoing research efforts on application of synthetic cells for improving cardiac regeneration post-MI. Impact statement Synthetic cells offer tremendous regenerative potential in otherwise deleterious cardiac remodeling postmyocardial infarction. Understanding the role of fibroblasts in cardiac healing and the therapeutic applications of synthetic cells would open a multitude of novel cardiac regenerative approaches. The novel concept of synthetic fibroblasts that emulate native cardiac fibroblasts can provide an effective solution in cardiac healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Chang
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Tam
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Huinan Hannah Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Padmini Varadarajan
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Ramdas Pai
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Finosh G Thankam
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
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13
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Schmitz T, Harmel E, Heier M, Peters A, Linseisen J, Meisinger C. Inflammatory plasma proteins predict short-term mortality in patients with an acute myocardial infarction. J Transl Med 2022; 20:457. [PMID: 36209229 PMCID: PMC9547640 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03644-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the association between inflammatory markers and 28-day mortality in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS In 398 STEMI patients recorded between 2009 and 2013 by the population-based Myocardial Infarction Registry Augsburg, 92 protein biomarkers were measured in admission arterial blood samples using the OLINK inflammatory panel. In multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models, the association between each marker and 28-day mortality was investigated. The values of the biomarkers most significantly associated with mortality were standardized and summarized to obtain a prediction score for 28-day mortality. The predictive ability of this biomarker score was compared to the established GRACE score using ROC analysis. Finally, a combined total score was generated by adding the standardized biomarker score to the standardized GRACE score. RESULTS The markers IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, FGF-21, FGF-23, ST1A1, MCP-1, 4E-BP1, and CST5 were most significantly associated with 28-day mortality, each with FDR-adjusted (false discovery rate adjusted) p-values of < 0.01 in the multivariable logistic regression model. In a ROC analysis, the biomarker score and the GRACE score showed comparable predictive ability for 28-day mortality (biomarker score AUC: 0.7859 [CI: 0.6735-0.89], GRACE score AUC: 0.7961 [CI: 0.6965-0.8802]). By combining the biomarker score and the Grace score, the predictive ability improved with an AUC of 0.8305 [CI: 0.7269-0.9187]. A continuous Net Reclassification Improvement (cNRI) of 0.566 (CI: 0.192-0.94, p-value: 0.003) and an Integrated Discrimination Improvement (IDI) of 0.083 ((CI: 0.016-0.149, p-value: 0.015) confirmed the superiority of the combined score over the GARCE score. CONCLUSIONS Inflammatory biomarkers may play a significant role in the pathophysiology of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and AMI-related mortality and might be a promising starting point for personalized medicine, which aims to provide each patient with tailored therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Schmitz
- grid.419801.50000 0000 9312 0220Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstraße 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - E. Harmel
- grid.419801.50000 0000 9312 0220Department of Cardiology, Respiratory Medicine and Intensive Care, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - M. Heier
- grid.419801.50000 0000 9312 0220University Hospital of Augsburg, KORA Study Centre, Augsburg, Germany ,Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute for Epidemiology, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - A. Peters
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute for Epidemiology, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany ,grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XChair of Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany ,grid.452622.5German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany ,grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237German Research Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - J. Linseisen
- grid.419801.50000 0000 9312 0220Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstraße 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - C. Meisinger
- grid.419801.50000 0000 9312 0220Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstraße 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
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14
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Hung WC, Yu TH, Wang CP, Hsu CC, Lu YC, Wei CT, Chung FM, Lee YJ, Wu CC, Tang WH. Fibroblast growth factor 21 is associated with widening QRS complex and prolonged corrected QT interval in patients with stable angina. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:432. [PMID: 36180826 PMCID: PMC9523937 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02868-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is produced by cardiac cells, may acts in an autocrine manner, and was suggested to has a cardioprotective role in atherosclerosis. Wide QRS complex and heart rate-corrected QT interval (QTc interval) prolongation are associated to dangerous ventricular arrhythmias and cardiovascular disease mortality. Yet, the role of FGF21 in cardiac arrhythmia has never been studied. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between plasma FGF21 and the QRS duration and QTc interval in patients with stable angina. METHODS Three hundred twenty-one consecutive stable angina patients were investigated. Plasma FGF21 was measured through ELISA, and each subject underwent 12-lead electrocardiography. RESULTS FGF21 plasma levels were positively associated with the QRS duration (β = 0.190, P = 0.001) and QTc interval (β = 0.277, P < 0.0001). With increasing FGF21 tertiles, the patients had higher frequencies of wide QRS complex and prolonged QTc interval. After adjusting for patients' anthropometric parameters, the corresponding odd ratios (ORs) for wide QRS complex of the medium and high of FGF21 versus the low of FGF21 were 1.39 (95% CI 0.51-3.90) and 4.41 (95% CI 1.84-11.59), respectively, and p for trend was 0.001. Furthermore, multiple logistic regression analysis also showed the corresponding odd ratios (ORs) for prolonged QTc interval of the medium and high of FGF21 versus the low of FGF21 were 1.02 (95% CI 0.53-1.78) and 1.93 (95% CI 1.04-3.60) respectively with the p for trend of 0.037. In addition, age- and sex-adjusted FGF21 levels were positively associated with fasting glucose, HbA1c, creatinine, and adiponectin, but negatively associated with albumin, and the estimated glomerular filtration rate. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that plasma FGF21 is associated with wide QRS complex and prolonged corrected QT interval in stable angina patients, further study is required to investigate the role of plasma FGF21 for the underlying pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chin Hung
- grid.414686.90000 0004 1797 2180Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, No. 1, Yi-Da Rd., Jiau-Shu Village, Yan-Chao Township, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan ,grid.411447.30000 0004 0637 1806School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | - Teng-Hung Yu
- grid.414686.90000 0004 1797 2180Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, No. 1, Yi-Da Rd., Jiau-Shu Village, Yan-Chao Township, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan ,grid.411447.30000 0004 0637 1806School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ping Wang
- grid.414686.90000 0004 1797 2180Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, No. 1, Yi-Da Rd., Jiau-Shu Village, Yan-Chao Township, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan ,grid.411447.30000 0004 0637 1806School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chang Hsu
- grid.414686.90000 0004 1797 2180Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan ,grid.411447.30000 0004 0637 1806The School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chuan Lu
- grid.411447.30000 0004 0637 1806School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan ,grid.414686.90000 0004 1797 2180Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ting Wei
- grid.411447.30000 0004 0637 1806School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan ,grid.414686.90000 0004 1797 2180Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan ,grid.411447.30000 0004 0637 1806Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan ,grid.411447.30000 0004 0637 1806Department of Electrical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | - Fu-Mei Chung
- grid.414686.90000 0004 1797 2180Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, No. 1, Yi-Da Rd., Jiau-Shu Village, Yan-Chao Township, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | | | - Cheng-Ching Wu
- grid.414686.90000 0004 1797 2180Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, No. 1, Yi-Da Rd., Jiau-Shu Village, Yan-Chao Township, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan ,grid.411447.30000 0004 0637 1806School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hua Tang
- grid.278247.c0000 0004 0604 5314Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Yuli Branch, No. 91, Xinxing St., Yuli Township, Hualien County, 981002 Taiwan ,grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304 Taiwan
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15
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Xiao Y, Chen Y, Shao C, Wang Y, Hu S, Lei W. Strategies to improve the therapeutic effect of pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes on myocardial infarction. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:973496. [PMID: 35992358 PMCID: PMC9388750 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.973496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a common cardiovascular disease caused by permanent loss of cardiomyocytes and the formation of scar tissue due to myocardial ischemia. Mammalian cardiomyocytes lose their ability to proliferate almost completely in adulthood and are unable to repair the damage caused by MI. Therefore, transplantation of exogenous cells into the injured area for treatment becomes a promising strategy. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have the ability to proliferate and differentiate into various cellular populations indefinitely, and pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (PSC-CMs) transplanted into areas of injury can compensate for part of the injuries and are considered to be one of the most promising sources for cell replacement therapy. However, the low transplantation rate and survival rate of currently transplanted PSC-CMs limit their ability to treat MI. This article focuses on the strategies of current research for improving the therapeutic efficacy of PSC-CMs, aiming to provide some inspiration and ideas for subsequent researchers to further enhance the transplantation rate and survival rate of PSC-CMs and ultimately improve cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yihuan Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chunlai Shao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yaning Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shijun Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Lei, ; Shijun Hu,
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Lei, ; Shijun Hu,
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16
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Kaur N, Gare SR, Shen J, Raja R, Fonseka O, Liu W. Multi-organ FGF21-FGFR1 signaling in metabolic health and disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:962561. [PMID: 35983184 PMCID: PMC9378980 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.962561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a chronic systemic disease that is particularly manifested by obesity, diabetes, and hypertension, affecting multiple organs. The increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome poses a threat to public health due to its complications, such as liver dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. Impaired adipose tissue plasticity is another factor contributing to metabolic syndrome. Emerging evidence demonstrates that fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are critical players in organ crosstalk via binding to specific FGF receptors (FGFRs) and their co-receptors. FGFRs activation modulates intracellular responses in various cell types under metabolic stress. FGF21, in particular is considered as the key regulator for mediating systemic metabolic effects by binding to receptors FGFR1, FGFR3, and FGFR4. The complex of FGFR1 and beta Klotho (β-KL) facilitates endocrine and paracrine communication networks that physiologically regulate global metabolism. This review will discuss FGF21-mediated FGFR1/β-KL signaling pathways in the liver, adipose, and cardiovascular systems, as well as how this signaling is involved in the interplay of these organs during the metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, the clinical implications and therapeutic strategies for preventing metabolic syndrome and its complications by targeting FGFR1/β-KL are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiahan Shen
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rida Raja
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Oveena Fonseka
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Maternal Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Levels Decrease during Early Pregnancy in Normotensive Pregnant Women but Are Higher in Preeclamptic Women-A Longitudinal Study. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142251. [PMID: 35883694 PMCID: PMC9322099 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) is an endocrine factor involved in glucose and lipid metabolism that exerts pleiotropic effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the serum FGF-21 profile in healthy and mild preeclamptic pregnant women at each trimester of pregnancy; (2) Methods: Serum FGF-21 levels were determined by ELISA in a nested case-control study within a longitudinal cohort study that included healthy (n = 54) and mild preeclamptic (n = 20) pregnant women, women at three months after delivery (n = 20) and eumenorrheic women during the menstrual cycle (n = 20); (3) Results: FGF-21 levels were significantly lower in the mid-luteal phase compared to the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle in eumenorrheic women (p < 0.01). Maternal levels of FGF-21 were significantly lower in the first and second trimesters and peaked during the third trimester in healthy pregnant women (p < 0.01). Serum levels of FGF-21 in healthy pregnant were significantly lower in the first and second trimester of pregnancy compared with the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle and postpartum (p < 0.01). Serum FGF-21 levels were significantly higher in preeclamptic compared to healthy pregnant women during pregnancy (p < 0.01); (4) Conclusions: These results suggest that a peak of FGF-21 towards the end of pregnancy in healthy pregnancy and higher levels in preeclamptic women might play a critical role that contributes to protecting against the negatives effects of high concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and hypertensive disorder. Furthermore, FGF-21 might play an important role in reproductive function in healthy eumenorrheic women during the menstrual cycle.
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18
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Zhang Z, Diao P, Zhang X, Nakajima T, Kimura T, Tanaka N. Clinically Relevant Dose of Pemafibrate, a Novel Selective Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α Modulator (SPPARMα), Lowers Serum Triglyceride Levels by Targeting Hepatic PPARα in Mice. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071667. [PMID: 35884970 PMCID: PMC9313206 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pemafibrate (PEM) is a novel lipid-lowering drug classified as a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) modulator whose binding efficiency to PPARα is superior to that of fibrates. This agent is also useful for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and primary biliary cholangitis with dyslipidemia. The dose of PEM used in some previous mouse experiments is often much higher than the clinical dose in humans; however, the precise mechanism of reduced serum triglyceride (TG) for the clinical dose of PEM has not been fully evaluated. To address this issue, PEM at a clinically relevant dose (0.1 mg/kg/day) or relatively high dose (0.3 mg/kg/day) was administered to male C57BL/6J mice for 14 days. Clinical dose PEM sufficiently lowered circulating TG levels without apparent hepatotoxicity in mice, likely due to hepatic PPARα stimulation and the enhancement of fatty acid uptake and β-oxidation. Interestingly, PPARα was activated only in the liver by PEM and not in other tissues. The clinical dose of PEM also increased serum/hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) without enhancing hepatic lipid peroxide 4-hydroxynonenal or inflammatory signaling. In conclusion, a clinically relevant dose of PEM in mice efficiently and safely reduced serum TG and increased FGF21 targeting hepatic PPARα. These findings may help explain the multiple beneficial effects of PEM observed in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan; (Z.Z.); (P.D.); (X.Z.); (T.N.)
| | - Pan Diao
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan; (Z.Z.); (P.D.); (X.Z.); (T.N.)
| | - Xuguang Zhang
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan; (Z.Z.); (P.D.); (X.Z.); (T.N.)
| | - Takero Nakajima
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan; (Z.Z.); (P.D.); (X.Z.); (T.N.)
| | - Takefumi Kimura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan;
| | - Naoki Tanaka
- Department of Global Medical Research Promotion, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
- International Relations Office, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
- Research Center for Social Systems, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-263-37-2851
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19
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Ornitz DM, Itoh N. New developments in the biology of fibroblast growth factors. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1549. [PMID: 35142107 PMCID: PMC10115509 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family is composed of 18 secreted signaling proteins consisting of canonical FGFs and endocrine FGFs that activate four receptor tyrosine kinases (FGFRs 1-4) and four intracellular proteins (intracellular FGFs or iFGFs) that primarily function to regulate the activity of voltage-gated sodium channels and other molecules. The canonical FGFs, endocrine FGFs, and iFGFs have been reviewed extensively by us and others. In this review, we briefly summarize past reviews and then focus on new developments in the FGF field since our last review in 2015. Some of the highlights in the past 6 years include the use of optogenetic tools, viral vectors, and inducible transgenes to experimentally modulate FGF signaling, the clinical use of small molecule FGFR inhibitors, an expanded understanding of endocrine FGF signaling, functions for FGF signaling in stem cell pluripotency and differentiation, roles for FGF signaling in tissue homeostasis and regeneration, a continuing elaboration of mechanisms of FGF signaling in development, and an expanding appreciation of roles for FGF signaling in neuropsychiatric diseases. This article is categorized under: Cardiovascular Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Congenital Diseases > Stem Cells and Development Cancer > Stem Cells and Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Itoh
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
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20
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Research Progress of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 in Fibrotic Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5042762. [PMID: 35677107 PMCID: PMC9168133 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5042762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common pathological outcome of chronic injuries, characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix components in organs, as seen in most chronic inflammatory diseases. At present, there is an increasing tendency of the morbidity and mortality of diseases caused by fibrosis, but the treatment measures for fibrosis are still limited. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) belongs to the FGF19 subfamily, which also has the name endocrine FGFs because of their endocrine manner. In recent years, it has been found that plasma FGF21 level is significantly correlated with fibrosis progression. Furthermore, there is evidence that FGF21 has a pronounced antifibrotic effect in a variety of fibrotic diseases. This review summarizes the biological effects of FGF21 and discusses what is currently known about this factor and fibrosis disease, highlighting emerging insights that warrant further research.
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21
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Exercise Training Alleviates Cardiac Fibrosis through Increasing Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 and Regulating TGF-β1-Smad2/3-MMP2/9 Signaling in Mice with Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212341. [PMID: 34830222 PMCID: PMC8623999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training has been reported to alleviate cardiac fibrosis and ameliorate heart dysfunction after myocardial infarction (MI), but the molecular mechanism is still not fully clarified. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) exerts a protective effect on the infarcted heart. This study investigates whether exercise training could increase FGF21 protein expression and regulate the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-Smad2/3-MMP2/9 signaling pathway to alleviate cardiac fibrosis following MI. Male wild type (WT) C57BL/6J mice and Fgf21 knockout (Fgf21 KO) mice were used to establish the MI model and subjected to five weeks of different types of exercise training. Both aerobic exercise training (AET) and resistance exercise training (RET) significantly alleviated cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis, up-regulated FGF21 protein expression, inhibited the activation of TGF-β1-Smad2/3-MMP2/9 signaling pathway and collagen production, and meanwhile, enhanced antioxidant capacity and reduced cell apoptosis in the infarcted heart. In contrast, knockout of Fgf21 weakened the cardioprotective effects of AET after MI. In vitro, cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were isolated from neonatal mice hearts and treated with H2O2 (100 μM, 6 h). Recombinant human FGF21 (rhFGF21, 100 ng/mL, 15 h) and/or 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR, 1 mM, 15 h) inhibited H2O2-induced activation of the TGF-β1-Smad2/3-MMP2/9 signaling pathway, promoted CFs apoptosis and reduced collagen production. In conclusion, exercise training increases FGF21 protein expression, inactivates the TGF-β1-Smad2/3-MMP2/9 signaling pathway, alleviates cardiac fibrosis, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis, and finally improves cardiac function in mice with MI. FGF21 plays an important role in the anti-fibrosis effect of exercise training.
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22
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Chen M, Zhong J, Wang Z, Xu H, Chen H, Sun X, Lu Y, Chen L, Xie X, Zheng L. Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Protects Against Atrial Remodeling via Reducing Oxidative Stress. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:720581. [PMID: 34708083 PMCID: PMC8542911 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.720581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The structural and electrical changes in the atrium, also known as atrial remodeling, are the main characteristics of atrial fibrillation (AF). Fibroblast growth factor 21 (Fgf21) is an important endocrine factor, which has been shown to play an important role in cardiovascular diseases. However, the effects of Fgf21 on atrial remodeling have not been addressed yet. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effects of Fgf21 on atrial remodeling. Methods and Results: Adult mice were treated with Ang II, and randomly administrated with or without Fgf21 for 2 weeks. The susceptibility to AF was assessed by electrical stimulation and optical mapping techniques. Here, we found that Fgf21 administration attenuated the inducibility of atrial fibrillation/atrial tachycardia (AF/AT), improved epicardial conduction velocity in the mice atria. Mechanistically, Fgf21 protected against atrial fibrosis and reduced oxidative stress of the atria. Consistently, in vitro study also demonstrated that Fgf21 blocked the upregulation of collagen by Tgf-β in fibroblasts and attenuated tachypacing-induced oxidative stress including reactive oxygen species (ROS), Tgf-β, and ox-CaMKII in atrial myocytes. We further found that Fgf21 attenuated oxidative stress by inducing antioxidant genes, such as SOD2 and UCP3. Fgf21 also improved tachypacing-induced myofibril degradation, downregulation of L-type calcium channel, and upregulation of p-RyR2, which implicated protective effects of Fgf21 on structural and electrical remodeling in the atria. Moreover, Nrf2 was identified as a downstream of Fgf21 and partly mediated Fgf21-induced antioxidant gene expression in atrial myocytes. Conclusion: Fgf21 administration effectively suppressed atrial remodeling by reducing oxidative stress, which provides a novel therapeutic insight for AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Chen
- Department of Cardiology and Atrial Fibrillation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Zhong
- Department of Cardiology and Atrial Fibrillation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Cardiology and Atrial Fibrillation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongfei Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Heng Chen
- Department of Cardiology and Atrial Fibrillation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingang Sun
- Department of Cardiology and Atrial Fibrillation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunlong Lu
- Department of Cardiology and Atrial Fibrillation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Cardiology and Atrial Fibrillation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xudong Xie
- Department of Cardiology and Atrial Fibrillation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liangrong Zheng
- Department of Cardiology and Atrial Fibrillation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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23
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Zhou B, Xiao M, Hu H, Pei X, Xue Y, Miao G, Wang J, Li W, Du Y, Zhang P, Wei T. Cardioprotective Role of SIRT5 in Response to Acute Ischemia Through a Novel Liver-Cardiac Crosstalk Mechanism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:687559. [PMID: 34368135 PMCID: PMC8339556 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.687559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein posttranslational modifications play important roles in cardiovascular diseases. The authors’ previous report showed that the abundance of succinylated and glutarylated proteins was significantly lower in the serum of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) than in that of healthy volunteers, suggesting a potential relationship between protein acylation and AMI. Sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) facilitates the removal of malonyl, succinyl, and glutaryl modification; however, its effects on AMI remain unknown. In this study, the levels of SIRT5 in AMI mouse model was compared. Results showed elevated hepatic SIRT5 after myocardial infarction. Hepatocyte-specific SIRT5 overexpressing mice (liver SIRT5 OE) were generated to address the possible involvement of hepatic SIRT5 in AMI. The areas of myocardial infarction, myocardial fibrosis, and cardiac function in a model of experimental myocardial infarction were compared between liver SIRT5 OE mice and wild-type (WT) mice. The liver SIRT5 OE mice showed a significantly smaller area of myocardial infarction and myocardial fibrosis than the WT mice. The fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in the blood and myocardium of liver SIRT5 OE mice after AMI was markedly elevated compared with that in WT mice. The results of mass spectrometry showed increased levels of proteins regulating tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and fatty acid β-oxidation pathways in the liver mitochondria of liver SIRT5 OE mice. These findings showed that SIRT5 may exhibit a cardioprotective effect in response to acute ischemia through a liver-cardiac crosstalk mechanism, probably by increasing the secretion of FGF21 and the improvement of energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boda Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Hu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Pei
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yajun Xue
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Guobin Miao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jifeng Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wanqi Li
- Yuanpei College, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yipeng Du
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Taotao Wei
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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24
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Kang K, Xia A, Meng F, Chunyu J, Sun X, Ren G, Yu D, Jiang X, Tang L, Xiao W, Li D. FGF21 alleviates chronic inflammatory injury in the aging process through modulating polarization of macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107634. [PMID: 33872851 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies reported that FGF21 prolongs life span and delays the body senescence, but the mechanism is not clear. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of FGF21 on hepatic senescence in aging mice and further research the mechanism. The 14-month-old male mice were administered with PBS, FGF21 or metformin once daily for 6 months. Results showed that FGF21 alleviated liver injury and inhibited accumulation of senescence markers SASP, P53 and P16 in the livers of aging mice. Subsequently we found that the aging mice treated by FGF21 showed transition of type 1 macrophages (M1) to type 2 macrophages (M2) in the livers. Next, we used THP-1 macrophages triggered by LPS to study effects of FGF21 on macrophages. Macrophages triggered by LPS exhibited features of M1, but the addition of FGF21 decreased the expression of M1 markers, and promoted the macrophages to exhibit features of M2. Results showed that the effects of FGF21 on macrophages were associated with the AMPK pathway. After adding AMPK inhibitor, the effects of FGF21 were inhibited, which was associated with the NF-κB signaling pathway. Finally, co-culturing differentiated macrophages and hepatocytes, we found that the large amount of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-6 promoted hepatocyte senescence, which exhibited enhanced P53, P16 and β-galactosidase. This was contrary to hepatocytes co-cultured with macrophages treated by FGF21. These results indicate that FGF21 alleviates hepatic senescence injury by modulating the polarization of macrophages through the AMPK /NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kang
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Anran Xia
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Fanrui Meng
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Jian Chunyu
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Xu Sun
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Guiping Ren
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Dan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical CO. LTD, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China.
| | | | - Lei Tang
- Harbin Weike Biotechnology CO. LTD, Harbin, China.
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical CO. LTD, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Deshan Li
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
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25
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Abstract
As a non-canonical fibroblast growth factor, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) functions as an endocrine hormone that signals to distinct targets throughout the body. Interest in therapeutic applications for FGF21 was initially sparked by its ability to correct metabolic dysfunction and decrease body weight associated with diabetes and obesity. More recently, new functions for FGF21 signalling have emerged, thus indicating that FGF21 is a dynamic molecule capable of regulating macronutrient preference and energy balance. Here, we highlight the major physiological and pharmacological effects of FGF21 related to nutrient and energy homeostasis and summarize current knowledge regarding FGF21’s pharmacodynamic properties. In addition, we provide new perspectives and highlight critical unanswered questions surrounding this unique metabolic messenger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle H Flippo
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa Neurosciences Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Matthew J Potthoff
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Iowa Neurosciences Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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26
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Wang D, Liu F, Zhu L, Lin P, Han F, Wang X, Tan X, Lin L, Xiong Y. FGF21 alleviates neuroinflammation following ischemic stroke by modulating the temporal and spatial dynamics of microglia/macrophages. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:257. [PMID: 32867781 PMCID: PMC7457364 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01921-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Resident microglia and macrophages are the predominant contributors to neuroinflammation and immune reactions, which play a critical role in the pathogenesis of ischemic brain injury. Controlling inflammatory responses is considered a promising therapeutic approach for stroke. Recombinant human fibroblast growth factor 21 (rhFGF21) presents anti-inflammatory properties by modulating microglia and macrophages; however, our knowledge of the inflammatory modulation of rhFGF21 in focal cerebral ischemia is lacking. Therefore, we investigated whether rhFGF21 improves ischemic outcomes in experimental stroke by targeting microglia and macrophages. Methods C57BL/6 mice were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and randomly divided into groups that received intraperitoneal rhFGF21 or vehicle daily starting at 6 h after reperfusion. Behavior assessments were monitored for 14 days after MCAO, and the gene expression levels of inflammatory cytokines were analyzed via qRT-PCR. The phenotypic variation of microglia/macrophages and the presence of infiltrated immune cells were examined by flow cytometry and immunostaining. Additionally, magnetic cell sorting (MACS) in combination with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) was used to purify microglia and macrophages. Results rhFGF21 administration ameliorated neurological deficits in behavioral tests by regulating the secretion of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. rhFGF21 also attenuated the polarization of microglia/macrophages toward the M1 phenotype and the accumulation of peripheral immune cells after stroke, accompanied by a temporal evolution of the phenotype of microglia/macrophages and infiltration of peripheral immune cells. Furthermore, rhFGF21 treatment inhibited M1 polarization of microglia and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression through its actions on FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) by suppressing nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and upregulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ). Conclusions rhFGF21 treatment promoted functional recovery in experimental stroke by modulating microglia/macrophage-mediated neuroinflammation via the NF-κB and PPAR-γ signaling pathways, making it a potential anti-inflammatory agent for stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liyun Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ping Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fanyi Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianxi Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China. .,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ye Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
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27
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Zhou YP, Ruan CC, Kong LR, Gao PJ. Adenosine A 2A receptor activation prevents DOCA-salt induced hypertensive cardiac remodeling via iBAT. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 525:S0006-291X(20)30301-6. [PMID: 32087969 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hypertensive cardiac remodeling is a constellation of abnormalities that includes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and death and tissue fibrosis. Adenosine is a long-known vasodilator, through interacting with its four cell surface receptor subtypes in cardiovascular system. However, it is unclear that whether adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) activation is involved in the cardiac remodeling in hypertension. WT mice were utilized to induce DOCA-salt sensitive hypertension and received A2AR agonist CGS21680 or antagonist KW6002 treatment. Cardiac functional phenotyping measurement by echocardiography showed that CGS21680 improved cardiac dysfunction in DOCA-salt mice. Moreover, CGS21680 reduced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. However, iBAT depletion surgery induces dramatic cardiac remodeling in DOCA-salt mice, and the protective function of CGS21680 was blocked without intact iBAT. Mechanistically, A2AR agonist CGS21680 increased iBAT-derived fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). Our data suggest that activation of A2AR could be a potential therapeutic strategy in preventing heart damage in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-Chao Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling-Ran Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ping-Jin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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28
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Olapoju SO, Adejobi OI, Le Thi X. Fibroblast growth factor 21; review on its participation in vascular calcification pathology. Vascul Pharmacol 2019; 125-126:106636. [PMID: 31881276 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2019.106636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is an independent cardiovascular event and also a complication commonly found in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetic patients. The mechanisms underpinning pathophysiology of VC is yet to be fully understood. Nevertheless, certain processes are generally believed to participate in its onset and progression. VC pathology is characterized by disequilibrium in the amount of natural inhibitors and active inducers of VC process. The imbalance may favor ectopic deposition of calcium-phosphate in form of hydroxyapatite in media or intima tunica compartments of blood vessels. This eventually could trigger phenotypic switch of smooth muscle cells to osteoblasts related cells. Thus, VSMC phenotypic trans-differentiation is currently considered as one of the hallmarks of VC. At the moment, there is no approved treatment. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a protein family that participates in varieties of biological processes. More recently, FGF21 seems to be gaining more attention with recent findings showing its anti-calcifying efficacy. In this review, the aim is to point out specific processes involved in VC and also to highlight the participation of FGF21 in the pathology of vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel O Olapoju
- EA 7288, Biocommunication en Cardiometabolique (BC2M), Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montpellier, France; National Institute of Medicinal Materials, 3B Quang Trung Str., Hoan Kiem Dist., Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Oluwaniyi Isaiah Adejobi
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institutes of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xoan Le Thi
- National Institute of Medicinal Materials, 3B Quang Trung Str., Hoan Kiem Dist., Hanoi, Viet Nam
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29
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Increased levels of circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 in children with Kawasaki disease. Clin Exp Med 2019; 19:457-462. [PMID: 31478099 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-019-00577-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in children with acute Kawasaki disease (KD) and to investigate its relationship with coronary artery lesions (CALs). Blood samples from 58 children with KD before intravenous immunoglobulin treatment and from 28 healthy children as control group were collected. Serum FGF21 levels in all participants were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and clinical parameters were tested in all KD patients. Serum FGF21 levels were significantly increased in acute KD patients as compared to the control group. Serum levels of FGF21 were substantially higher in the group of KD patients with CALs (KD-CALs) than in KD patients without CALs (KD-NCALs). Positive relationships between serum levels of FGF21 and percentage of leukomonocytes (L %), C-reactive protein, activated partial thromboplastin time and D-dimer were observed in KD patients. Furthermore, serum FGF21 levels were negatively correlated with red blood cell counts, hemoglobin (Hb), percentage of neutrophils (N %) and albumin. Serum level of FGF21 is associated with inflammation and coagulation. The paradoxical increase in serum FGF21 in acute KD patients may indicate a protective compensatory response.
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Fibroblast growth factor 21 protects the heart from angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction via SIRT1. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1241-1252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Circulating level of fibroblast growth factor 21 is independently associated with the risks of unstable angina pectoris. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20181099. [PMID: 30185439 PMCID: PMC6153373 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that serum adipokine levels are associated with higher risks of cardiovascular diseases. As an important adipokine, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has been demonstrated to be associated with atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD). However, circulating level of FGF21 in patients with angina pectoris has not yet been investigated. Circulating FGF21 level was examined in 197 patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP, n=66), unstable angina pectoris (UAP, n=76), and control subjects (n=55) along with clinical variables of cardiovascular risk factors. Serum FGF21 concentrations on admission were significantly increased more in patients with UAP than those with SAP (Ln-FGF21: 5.26 ± 0.87 compared with 4.85 ± 0.77, P<0.05) and control subjects (natural logarithm (Ln)-FGF21: 5.26 ± 0.87 compared with 4.54 ± 0.72, P<0.01). The correlation analysis revealed that serum FGF21 concentration was positively correlated with the levels of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) (r2 = 0.026, P=0.027) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) (r2 = 0.023, P= 0.04). Furthermore, FGF21 level was identified as an independent factor associated with the risks of UAP (odds ratio (OR): 2.781; 95% CI: 1.476–5.239; P=0.002), after adjusting for gender, age, and body mass index (BMI). However, there were no correlations between serum FGF21 levels and the presence of SAP (OR: 1.248; 95% CI: 0.703–2.215; P=0.448). The present study indicates that FGF21 has a strong correlation and precise predictability for increased risks of UAP, that is independent of traditional risk factors of angina pectoris.
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Lovric A, Granér M, Bjornson E, Arif M, Benfeitas R, Nyman K, Ståhlman M, Pentikäinen MO, Lundbom J, Hakkarainen A, Sirén R, Nieminen MS, Lundbom N, Lauerma K, Taskinen MR, Mardinoglu A, Boren J. Characterization of different fat depots in NAFLD using inflammation-associated proteome, lipidome and metabolome. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14200. [PMID: 30242179 PMCID: PMC6155005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31865-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is recognized as a liver manifestation of metabolic syndrome, accompanied with excessive fat accumulation in the liver and other vital organs. Ectopic fat accumulation was previously associated with negative effects at the systemic and local level in the human body. Thus, we aimed to identify and assess the predictive capability of novel potential metabolic biomarkers for ectopic fat depots in non-diabetic men with NAFLD, using the inflammation-associated proteome, lipidome and metabolome. Myocardial and hepatic triglycerides were measured with magnetic spectroscopy while function of left ventricle, pericardial and epicardial fat, subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue were measured with magnetic resonance imaging. Measured ectopic fat depots were profiled and predicted using a Random Forest algorithm, and by estimating the Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curves. We have identified distinct metabolic signatures of fat depots in the liver (TAG50:1, glutamate, diSM18:0 and CE20:3), pericardium (N-palmitoyl-sphinganine, HGF, diSM18:0, glutamate, and TNFSF14), epicardium (sphingomyelin, CE20:3, PC38:3 and TNFSF14), and myocardium (CE20:3, LAPTGF-β1, glutamate and glucose). Our analyses highlighted non-invasive biomarkers that accurately predict ectopic fat depots, and reflect their distinct metabolic signatures in subjects with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alen Lovric
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marit Granér
- Heart and Lung Center, Division of Cardiology, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elias Bjornson
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Lab, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rui Benfeitas
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristofer Nyman
- Department of Radiology, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marcus Ståhlman
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Lab, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Markku O Pentikäinen
- Heart and Lung Center, Division of Cardiology, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jesper Lundbom
- Department of Radiology, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Hakkarainen
- Department of Radiology, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reijo Sirén
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Health Care Centre of City of Helsinki and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku S Nieminen
- Heart and Lung Center, Division of Cardiology, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Lundbom
- Department of Radiology, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi Lauerma
- Department of Radiology, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja-Riitta Taskinen
- Heart and Lung Center, Division of Cardiology, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Jan Boren
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Lab, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Tang TT, Li YY, Li JJ, Wang K, Han Y, Dong WY, Zhu ZF, Xia N, Nie SF, Zhang M, Zeng ZP, Lv BJ, Jiao J, Liu H, Xian ZS, Yang XP, Hu Y, Liao YH, Wang Q, Tu X, Mallat Z, Huang Y, Shi GP, Cheng X. Liver-heart crosstalk controls IL-22 activity in cardiac protection after myocardial infarction. Theranostics 2018; 8:4552-4562. [PMID: 30214638 PMCID: PMC6134935 DOI: 10.7150/thno.24723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-22 regulates tissue inflammation and repair. Here we report participation of the liver in IL-22-mediated cardiac repair after acute myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: We induced experimental MI in mice by ligation of the left ascending artery and evaluated the effect of IL-22 on post-MI cardiac function and ventricular remodeling. Results: Daily subcutaneous injection of 100 µg/kg mouse recombinant IL-22 for seven days attenuated adverse ventricular remodeling and improved cardiac function in mice at 28 days after left anterior descending coronary artery ligation-induced MI. Pharmacological inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) muted these IL-22 activities. While cardiomyocyte-selective depletion of STAT3 did not affect IL-22 activities in protecting post-MI cardiac injury, hepatocyte-specific depletion of STAT3 fully muted these IL-22 cardioprotective activities. Hepatocyte-derived fibroblast growth factor (FGF21) was markedly increased in a STAT3-dependent manner following IL-22 administration and accounted for the cardioprotective benefit of IL-22. Microarray analyses revealed that FGF21 controlled the expression of cardiomyocyte genes that are involved in cholesterol homeostasis, DNA repair, peroxisome, oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, apoptosis, and steroid responses, all of which are responsible for cardiomyocyte survival. Conclusions: Supplementation of IL-22 in the first week after acute MI effectively prevented left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure. This activity of IL-22 involved crosstalk between the liver and heart after demonstrating a role of the hepatic STAT3-FGF21 axis in IL-22-induced post-MI cardiac protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of the Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of the Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of the Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of the Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yue Han
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of the Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wen-Yong Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of the Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zheng-Feng Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of the Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ni Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of the Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shao-Fang Nie
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of the Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of the Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of the Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Bing-Jie Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of the Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jiao Jiao
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of the Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Generon Corporation, Building 9, 720 Cai Lun Road, Zhang Jiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zong-Shu Xian
- Generon Corporation, Building 9, 720 Cai Lun Road, Zhang Jiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiang-Ping Yang
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Targeted Biotherapy Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yu-Hua Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of the Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology and Center of Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xin Tu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology and Center of Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB20 SZ, UK
| | - Yu Huang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of the Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430022, China
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Rupérez C, Lerin C, Ferrer-Curriu G, Cairo M, Mas-Stachurska A, Sitges M, Villarroya J, Giralt M, Villarroya F, Planavila A. Autophagic control of cardiac steatosis through FGF21 in obesity-associated cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.02.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Lakhani I, Gong M, Wong WT, Bazoukis G, Lampropoulos K, Wong SH, Wu WKK, Wong MCS, Ong KL, Liu T, Tse G. Fibroblast growth factor 21 in cardio-metabolic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Metabolism 2018; 83:11-17. [PMID: 29410351 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor 21 is a signalling protein involved in cell differentiation, morphogenesis, proliferation and metabolism. Recent studies have associated increased levels of FGF21 in the development of cardiovascular diseases, whereas others have reported no significant associations. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the value in predicting the risk of cardio-metabolic disorders and mortality. METHODS PubMed and EMBASE were searched until 5th September 2017 for studies that evaluated the roles of FGF21 levels in cardio-metabolic disorders. RESULTS A total of 183 and 301 entries were retrieved; 24 studies met the inclusion criteria. Four studies were identified by an additional search. Therefore, 28 studies were included in the final meta-analysis. High FGF21 levels significantly predicted the incidence of coronary artery disease (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-1.55; P < 0. 01; I2 = 48%) and the risk of metabolic syndrome (HR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.35-2.15; P < 0.0001 I2 = 24%). In diabetes mellitus, FGF21 predicted disease incidence or progression (HR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.06-1.72, P < 0.05, I2 = 69%) and worsening renal failure (HR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.03-1.09, P < 0.0001, I2 = 47%). FGF21 also predicted all-cause mortality (HR: 3.00, 95% CI: 1.23-7.33; P < 0.05; I2 = 51%), and cardiovascular mortality (HR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.08-4.99, P < 0.05, I2 = 75%). CONCLUSION FGF21 significantly predicts the incidence of coronary artery disease, the risks of metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus and renal progression in diabetes. It also predicted all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishan Lakhani
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mengqi Gong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, PR China
| | - Wing Tak Wong
- School of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - George Bazoukis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Lampropoulos
- Second Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sunny Hei Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - William K K Wu
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Martin C S Wong
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok-Leung Ong
- School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, PR China
| | - Gary Tse
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Tanajak P, Pongkan W, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Increased plasma FGF21 level as an early biomarker for insulin resistance and metabolic disturbance in obese insulin-resistant rats. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2018; 15:263-269. [PMID: 29424246 DOI: 10.1177/1479164118757152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Propose: To investigate the temporal relationship between plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 levels, insulin resistance, metabolic dysfunction and cardiac fibroblast growth factor 21 resistance in long-term high-fat diet-induced obese rats. METHODS In total, 36 male Wistar rats were fed with either a normal diet or high-fat diet for 12 weeks. Blood was collected from the tail tip, and plasma was used to determine metabolic profiles and fibroblast growth factor 21 levels. Rats were sacrificed at weeks 4, 8 and 12, and the hearts were rapidly removed for the determination of cardiac fibroblast growth factor 21 signalling pathways. RESULTS Body weight and plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 levels were increased after 4 weeks of consumption of a high-fat diet. At weeks 8 and 12, high-fat diet rats had significantly increased body weight and plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 levels, together with increased plasma insulin, HOMA index, area under the curve of glucose, plasma total cholesterol, plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum malondialdehyde and cardiac malondialdehyde levels. However, plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and cardiac fibroblast growth factor 21 signalling proteins (p-FGFR1 Tyr154, p-ERK1/2 Thr202/Tyr204 and p-Akt Ser473) were decreased, compared with normal diet rats. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 levels could be an early predictive biomarker prior to the development of insulin resistance, metabolic disturbance and cardiac fibroblast growth factor 21 resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongpan Tanajak
- 1 Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- 2 Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- 3 Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wanpitak Pongkan
- 1 Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- 4 Division of Veterinary Pre-clinic, Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- 1 Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- 3 Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- 5 Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- 1 Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- 2 Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- 3 Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Salminen A, Kaarniranta K, Kauppinen A. Integrated stress response stimulates FGF21 expression: Systemic enhancer of longevity. Cell Signal 2017; 40:10-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Sampaolesi M, Van Calsteren K. Physiological and pathological gestational cardiac hypertrophy: what can we learn from rodents? Cardiovasc Res 2017; 113:1533-1535. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Galán M, Varona S, Guadall A, Orriols M, Navas M, Aguiló S, Diego A, Navarro MA, García‐Dorado D, Rodríguez‐Sinovas A, Martínez‐González J, Rodriguez C. Lysyl oxidase overexpression accelerates cardiac remodeling and aggravates angiotensin II–induced hypertrophy. FASEB J 2017; 31:3787-3799. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601157rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Galán
- Institut Català de Ciències Cardiovasculars Barcelona Spain
- Laboratorio de AngiologíaBiología Vascular e Inflamación y Servicio de Cirugía Vascular del Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Barcelona Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica (IIB)–Sant Pau Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigatión Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares Madrid Spain
| | - Saray Varona
- Institut Català de Ciències Cardiovasculars Barcelona Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica (IIB)–Sant Pau Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigatión Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares Madrid Spain
| | - Anna Guadall
- Institut Català de Ciències Cardiovasculars Barcelona Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica (IIB)–Sant Pau Barcelona Spain
| | - Mar Orriols
- Institut Català de Ciències Cardiovasculars Barcelona Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica (IIB)–Sant Pau Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigatión Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares Madrid Spain
| | - Miquel Navas
- Laboratorio de AngiologíaBiología Vascular e Inflamación y Servicio de Cirugía Vascular del Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Barcelona Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica (IIB)–Sant Pau Barcelona Spain
| | - Silvia Aguiló
- Institut Català de Ciències Cardiovasculars Barcelona Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica (IIB)–Sant Pau Barcelona Spain
| | - Alicia Diego
- Unidad de TransgénesisInstituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud Zaragoza Spain
| | - María A. Navarro
- Facultad de VeterinariaCentro de Investigatión Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y NutricionUniversidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain
| | - David García‐Dorado
- Centro de Investigatión Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares Madrid Spain
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research GroupDepartment of CardiologyVall d’Hebron University Hospital and Research InstituteUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) Barcelona Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez‐Sinovas
- Centro de Investigatión Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares Madrid Spain
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research GroupDepartment of CardiologyVall d’Hebron University Hospital and Research InstituteUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) Barcelona Spain
| | - José Martínez‐González
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica (IIB)–Sant Pau Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigatión Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares Madrid Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Cristina Rodriguez
- Institut Català de Ciències Cardiovasculars Barcelona Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica (IIB)–Sant Pau Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigatión Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares Madrid Spain
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Wang Q, Yuan J, Yu Z, Lin L, Jiang Y, Cao Z, Zhuang P, Whalen MJ, Song B, Wang XJ, Li X, Lo EH, Xu Y, Wang X. FGF21 Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Cognitive Impairment via Metabolic Regulation and Anti-inflammation of Obese Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:4702-4717. [PMID: 28712011 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0663-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating studies suggest that overnutrition-associated obesity may lead to development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndromes (MetS). MetS and its components are important risk factors of mild cognitive impairment, age-related cognitive decline, vascular dementia, and Alzheimer's disease. It has been recently proposed that development of a disease-course modification strategy toward early and effective risk factor management would be clinically significant in reducing the risk of metabolic disorder-initiated cognitive decline. In the present study, we propose that fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a novel candidate for the disease-course modification approach. Using a high-fat diet (HFD) consumption-induced obese mouse model, we tested our hypothesis that recombinant human FGF21 (rFGF21) administration is effective for improving obesity-induced cognitive dysfunction and anxiety-like behavior, by its multiple metabolic modulation and anti-pro-inflammation actions. Our experimental findings support our hypothesis that rFGF21 is protective to HFD-induced cognitive impairment, at least in part by metabolic regulation in glucose tolerance impairment, insulin resistance, and hyperlipidemia; potent systemic pro-inflammation inhibition; and improvement of hippocampal dysfunction, particularly by inhibiting pro-neuroinflammation and neurogenesis deficit. This study suggests that FGF21 might be a novel molecular target of the disease-course-modifying strategy for early intervention of MstS-associated cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhi Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450007, China.,Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450007, China.,Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Zhanyang Yu
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Li Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yinghua Jiang
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Zeyuan Cao
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Pengwei Zhuang
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Michael J Whalen
- Neurobehavioral Core Facility, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450007, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Eng H Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450007, China.
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA.
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41
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Hu S, Cao S, Liu J. Role of angiopoietin-2 in the cardioprotective effect of fibroblast growth factor 21 on ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:771-779. [PMID: 28672998 PMCID: PMC5488700 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) exerts a protective effect in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced cardiac injury. However, the exact molecular mechanism underlying the FGF21 action remains unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of angiopoietin-2 (Angpt2) in the cardioprotective effect of FGF21. For this purpose, the H9C2 cell line was subjected to simulated I/R or aerobic conditions with or without FGF21 administration. Certain groups were also transfected with Angpt2 small interfering RNA (siRNA). Cell viability, apoptosis rate and cell migration were examined, and the expression levels of Angpt2, glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and caspase-3 were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blot analyses. The results demonstrated that FGF21 administration suppressed apoptosis and increased the cell migration ability following I/R-induced injury. qPCR and western blot data showed a decreased level of GLUT1 after I/R-induced injury, which was reversed by FGF21 administration. Furthermore, inhibition of Angpt2 expression using siRNA enhanced the cardioprotective effect of FGF21 by upregulation of GLUT1. In conclusion, FGF21 administration protected against I/R-induced injury in cardiomyocytes, and further inhibition of Angpt2 with FGF21 administration induced the expression of GLUT1, which may promote the energy metabolism in cardiomyocytes, consequently resulting in a more efficient cardioprotective effect. These results suggested that FGF21 administration and inhibition of Angpt2 could be a novel therapeutic approach for I/R-induced cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoqiang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Shujun Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Daxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 102600, P.R. China
| | - Jinghua Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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42
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Tanajak P, Pintana H, Siri-Angkul N, Khamseekaew J, Apaijai N, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Vildagliptin and caloric restriction for cardioprotection in pre-diabetic rats. J Endocrinol 2017; 232:189-204. [PMID: 27875248 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Long-term high-fat diet (HFD) consumption causes cardiac dysfunction. Although calorie restriction (CR) has been shown to be useful in obesity, we hypothesized that combined CR with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor provides greater efficacy than monotherapy in attenuating cardiac dysfunction and metabolic impairment in HFD-induced obese-insulin resistant rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups to be fed on either a normal diet (ND, n = 6) or a HFD (n = 24) for 12 weeks. Then, HFD rats were divided into 4 subgroups (n = 6/subgroup) to receive just the vehicle, CR diet (60% of mean energy intake and changed to ND), vildagliptin (3 mg/kg/day) or combined CR and vildagliptin for 4 weeks. Metabolic parameters, heart rate variability (HRV), cardiac mitochondrial function, left ventricular (LV) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 signaling pathway were determined. Rats on a HFD developed insulin and FGF21 resistance, oxidative stress, cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired LV function. Rats on CR alone showed both decreased body weight and visceral fat accumulation, whereas vildagliptin did not alter these parameters. Rats in CR, vildagliptin and CR plus vildagliptin subgroups had improved insulin sensitivity and oxidative stress. However, vildagliptin improved heart rate variability (HRV), cardiac mitochondrial function and LV function better than the CR. Chronic HFD consumption leads to obese-insulin resistance and FGF21 resistance. Although CR is effective in improving metabolic regulation, vildagliptin provides greater efficacy in preventing cardiac dysfunction by improving anti-apoptosis and FGF21 signaling pathways and attenuating cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in obese-insulin-resistant rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongpan Tanajak
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology UnitDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Hiranya Pintana
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology UnitDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Natthaphat Siri-Angkul
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology UnitDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Juthamas Khamseekaew
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology UnitDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nattayaporn Apaijai
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology UnitDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic SciencesFaculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology UnitDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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43
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Sinha-Hikim I, Friedman TC, Falz M, Chalfant V, Hasan MK, Espinoza-Derout J, Lee DL, Sims C, Tran P, Mahata SK, Sinha-Hikim AP. Nicotine plus a high-fat diet triggers cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 368:159-170. [PMID: 27917437 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2536-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is an important risk factor for diabetes, cardiovascular disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The health risk associated with smoking can be aggravated by obesity. Smoking might also trigger cardiomyocyte (CM) apoptosis. Given that CM apoptosis has been implicated as a potential mechanism in the development of cardiomyopathy and heart failure, we characterize the key signaling pathways in nicotine plus high-fat diet (HFD)-induced CM apoptosis. Adult C57BL6 male mice were fed a normal diet (ND) or HFD and received twice-daily intraperitoneal (IP) injections of nicotine (0.75 mg/kg body weight [BW]) or saline for 16 weeks. An additional group of nicotine-treated mice on HFD received twice-daily IP injections of mecamylamine (1 mg/kg BW), a non-selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, for 16 weeks. Nicotine when combined with HFD led to a massive increase in CM apoptosis that was fully prevented by mecamylamine treatment. Induction of CM apoptosis was associated with increased oxidative stress and activation of caspase-2-mediated intrinsic pathway signaling coupled with inactivation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Furthermore, nicotine treatment significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated the HFD-induced decrease in fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1). We conclude that nicotine, when combined with HFD, triggers CM apoptosis through the generation of oxidative stress and inactivation of AMPK together with the activation of caspase-2-mediated intrinsic apoptotic signaling independently of FGF21 and SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Sinha-Hikim
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA.,David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Theodore C Friedman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA.,David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mark Falz
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Victor Chalfant
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Mohammad Kamrul Hasan
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Jorge Espinoza-Derout
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Desean L Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Carl Sims
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Peter Tran
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Sushil K Mahata
- VA San Diego Health Care System and University of California, San Diego, Calif., USA
| | - Amiya P Sinha-Hikim
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA. .,David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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44
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Chou RH, Huang PH, Hsu CY, Chang CC, Leu HB, Huang CC, Chen JW, Lin SJ. Circulating Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 is Associated with Diastolic Dysfunction in Heart Failure Patients with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33953. [PMID: 27650781 PMCID: PMC5030655 DOI: 10.1038/srep33953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a polypeptide ligand promoted glucose homeostasis and lipids metabolism, was recently reported to attenuate cardiac hypertrophy. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of FGF21 in diastolic heart failure. Subjects admitted for coronary angiogram were screened for heart failure, and those with left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction < 45% were excluded. Diastolic dysfunction was defined as functional abnormalities that exist during LV relaxation and filling by echocardiographic criteria. Plasma levels of FGF21 and N-terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-pro-BNP) were determined. All patients were followed up for 1 year, or till the occurrence of heart failure readmission or death. Totally 95 patients with diastolic dysfunction and 143 controls were enrolled. Circulating FGF21 level was correlated with echocardiographic parameters of diastolic function and LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP). In multivariate logistic analysis, FGF21 was significantly associated with diastolic dysfunction, either identified by echocardiographic criteria (odds ratio: 2.97, p = 0.012) or confirmed with LVEDP level (odds ratio: 3.73, p = 0.030). Both plasma FGF21 (log rank p < 0.0001) and NT-pro-BNP levels (log rank p = 0.0057) showed good predictive power to the 1-year adverse cardiac events. This finding suggested FGF21 could be involved in the pathophysiology of diastolic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruey-Hsing Chou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yi Hsu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chin Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Bang Leu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.,Healthcare and Management Center Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chou Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Education Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.,Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Wen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.,Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.,Division of Clinical Research Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Jong Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
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45
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Tanajak P, Sa-nguanmoo P, Wang X, Liang G, Li X, Jiang C, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) therapy attenuates left ventricular dysfunction and metabolic disturbance by improving FGF21 sensitivity, cardiac mitochondrial redox homoeostasis and structural changes in pre-diabetic rats. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2016; 217:287-99. [PMID: 27119620 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) acts as a metabolic regulator and exerts cardioprotective effects. However, the effects of long-term FGF21 administration on the heart under the FGF21-resistant condition in obese, insulin-resistant rats have not been investigated. We hypothesized that long-term FGF21 administration reduces FGF21 resistance and insulin resistance and attenuates cardiac dysfunction in obese, insulin-resistant rats. METHODS Eighteen rats were fed on either a normal diet (n = 6) or a high-fat diet (HFD; n = 12) for 12 weeks. Then, rats in the HFD group were divided into two subgroups (n = 6 per subgroup) and received either the vehicle (HFV) or recombinant human FGF21 (rhFGF21, 0.1 mg kg(-1) day(-1) ; HFF) injected intraperitoneally for 28 days. The metabolic parameters, inflammation, malondialdehyde (MDA), heart rate variability (HRV), left ventricular (LV) function, cardiac mitochondrial redox homoeostasis, cardiac mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) and anti-apoptotic signalling pathways were determined. RESULTS HFV rats had increased dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance, plasma FGF21 levels, TNF-α, adiponectin and MDA, depressed HRV, and impaired LV and mitochondrial function. HFV rats also had decreased cardiac Bcl-2, cardiac PGC-1α and CPT-1 protein expression. However, FGF21 restored metabolic parameters, decreased TNF-α and MDA, increased serum adiponectin, and improved HRV, cardiac mitochondrial and LV function in HFF rats. Moreover, HFF rats had increased cardiac Bcl-2, cardiac PGC-1α and CPT-1 protein expression. CONCLUSION Long-term FGF21 therapy attenuates FGF21 resistance and insulin resistance and exerts cardioprotection by improving cardiometabolic regulation via activating anti-apoptotic and cardiac mitochondrial FAO signalling pathways in obese, insulin-resistant rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Tanajak
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit; Department of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - P. Sa-nguanmoo
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit; Department of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - X. Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wenzhou Medical University; University-Town Wenzhou Zhejiang China
| | - G. Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wenzhou Medical University; University-Town Wenzhou Zhejiang China
| | - X. Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wenzhou Medical University; University-Town Wenzhou Zhejiang China
| | - C. Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wenzhou Medical University; University-Town Wenzhou Zhejiang China
| | - S. C. Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - N. Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit; Department of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
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46
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Cuevas-Ramos D, Aguilar-Salinas CA. Modulation of energy balance by fibroblast growth factor 21. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2016; 30:/j/hmbci.ahead-of-print/hmbci-2016-0023/hmbci-2016-0023.xml. [PMID: 27318658 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2016-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a superfamily of 22 proteins related to cell proliferation and tissue repair after injury. A subgroup of three proteins, FGF19, FGF21, and FGF23, are major endocrine mediators. These three FGFs have low affinity to heparin sulfate during receptor binding; in contrast they have a strong interaction with the cofactor Klotho/β-Klotho. FGF21 has received particular attention because of its key role in carbohydrate, lipids, and energy balance regulation. FGF21 improves glucose and lipids metabolism as well as increasing energy expenditure in animal models and humans. Conditions that induce human physical stress such as exercise, lactation, obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes influence FGF21 circulating levels. FGF21 also has an anti-oxidant function in human metabolic diseases which contribute to understanding the FGF21 compensatory increment in obesity, the metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Interestingly, energy expenditure and weight loss is induced by FGF21. The mechanism involved is through "browning" of white adipose tissue, increasing brown adipose tissue activity and heat production. Therefore, clinical evaluation of therapeutic action of exogenous FGF21 administration is warranted, particularly to treat diabetes and obesity.
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