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Maity J, Dey T, Banerjee A, Chattopadhyay A, Das AR, Bandyopadhyay D. Melatonin ameliorates myocardial infarction in obese diabetic individuals: The possible involvement of macrophage apoptotic factors. J Pineal Res 2023; 74:e12847. [PMID: 36456538 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
In recent days, the hike in obesity-mediated epidemics across the globe and the prevalence of obesity-induced cardiovascular disease has become one of the chief grounds for morbidity and mortality. This epidemic-driven detrimental events in the cardiac tissues start with the altered distribution and metabolism pattern of high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) leading to cholesterol (oxidized LDL) deposition on the arterial wall and atherosclerotic plaque generation, followed by vascular spasms and infarction. Subsequently, obesity-triggered metabolic malfunctions induce free radical generation which may further trigger pro-inflammatory signaling and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells transcriptional factor, thus inducing interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. This terrifying cardiomyopathy can be further aggravated in type 2 diabetes mellitus, thereby making obese diabetic patients prone toward the development of myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke in comparison to their nondiabetic counterparts. The accelerated oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory response induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, followed by apoptosis in obese diabetic individuals, causing progression of athero-thrombotic vascular disease. Being an efficient antioxidative and anti-inflammatory indolamine, melatonin effectively inhibits lipid peroxidation, pro-inflammatory reactions, thereby resolving free radical-induced myocardial damages along with maintaining antioxidant reservoir to preserve cardiovascular integrity. Prolonged melatonin treatment maintains balanced body weight and serum total cholesterol concentration by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis and promoting cholesterol catabolism. Additionally, melatonin promotes macrophage polarization toward the anti-inflammatory state, providing a proper shield during the recovery period. Therefore, the protective role of melatonin in maintaining the lipid metabolism homeostasis and blocking the atherosclerotic plaque rupture could be targeted as the possible therapeutic strategy for the management of obesity-induced acute MI. This review aimed at orchestrating the efficacy of melatonin in ameliorating irrevocable oxidative cardiovascular damage induced by the obesity-diabetes correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juin Maity
- Oxidative Stress and Free Radical Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Tiyasa Dey
- Oxidative Stress and Free Radical Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Adrita Banerjee
- Oxidative Stress and Free Radical Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Asish R Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Debasish Bandyopadhyay
- Oxidative Stress and Free Radical Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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Kuzmenko NV, Tsyrlin VA, Pliss MG. Meta-Analysis of Experimental Studies of Diet-Dependent Effects of Melatonin Monotherapy on Circulatory Levels of Triglycerides, Cholesterol, Glucose and Insulin in Rats. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2023. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093023010180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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Sutradhar S, Deb A, Singh SS. Protective efficacy of melatonin and insulin against LPS caused toxicity in diabetic mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2022; 44:902-914. [PMID: 35736957 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2022.2093739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Context: Deregulated glucose homeostasis leads to a life-threatening metabolic disorder known as diabetes. The insulin deficiency and hyperglycaemic condition related to diabetes cause dysregulation of the immune system.Objective: This study evaluated the combined efficacy of melatonin and insulin in attenuation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) caused inflammation, macrophage functional impairment, and oxidative stress in the spleen of diabetic mice.Materials and Methods: Multiple low doses of streptozotocin (50mg/kg B. wt.) were administered intraperitoneally to induce diabetes. Diabetes mice were divided into two sets. Set-1 contained control, diabetes, diabetes insulin (2IU/100g B.wt.) treated, diabetes melatonin (100µg/100g. B.wt.) treated, and diabetes melatonin and insulin treated groups of mice. In set II, the same number of groups as those of set I were given a single dose of LPS (50µg/mice) 24 hours before euthanization.Results and Discussion: LPS caused a significant increase in oxidative stress, circulatory proinflammatory cytokines, significant suppression of antioxidant defense system, and phagocytic index in diabetic mice. Melatonin and insulin significantly improved the adverse effects caused by LPS treatment in diabetic mice. The present study noted that combined treatment of melatonin and insulin was more effective in attenuating LPS-induced devastating effects in laboratory mice.Conclusions: The present study may suggest a combinatorial approach in the therapeutic use of melatonin and insulin to improve such devastating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangita Sutradhar
- Molecular Endocrine Research Lab., Department of Zoology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, India
| | - Anindita Deb
- Molecular Endocrine Research Lab., Department of Zoology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, India
| | - Shiv Shankar Singh
- Molecular Endocrine Research Lab., Department of Zoology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, India
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Newsholme P, Rowlands J, Rose’Meyer R, Cruzat V. Metabolic Adaptions/Reprogramming in Islet Beta-Cells in Response to Physiological Stimulators—What Are the Consequences. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11010108. [PMID: 35052612 PMCID: PMC8773416 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Irreversible pancreatic β-cell damage may be a result of chronic exposure to supraphysiological glucose or lipid concentrations or chronic exposure to therapeutic anti-diabetic drugs. The β-cells are able to respond to blood glucose in a narrow concentration range and release insulin in response, following activation of metabolic pathways such as glycolysis and the TCA cycle. The β-cell cannot protect itself from glucose toxicity by blocking glucose uptake, but indeed relies on alternative metabolic protection mechanisms to avoid dysfunction and death. Alteration of normal metabolic pathway function occurs as a counter regulatory response to high nutrient, inflammatory factor, hormone or therapeutic drug concentrations. Metabolic reprogramming is a term widely used to describe a change in regulation of various metabolic enzymes and transporters, usually associated with cell growth and proliferation and may involve reshaping epigenetic responses, in particular the acetylation and methylation of histone proteins and DNA. Other metabolic modifications such as Malonylation, Succinylation, Hydroxybutyrylation, ADP-ribosylation, and Lactylation, may impact regulatory processes, many of which need to be investigated in detail to contribute to current advances in metabolism. By describing multiple mechanisms of metabolic adaption that are available to the β-cell across its lifespan, we hope to identify sites for metabolic reprogramming mechanisms, most of which are incompletely described or understood. Many of these mechanisms are related to prominent antioxidant responses. Here, we have attempted to describe the key β-cell metabolic adaptions and changes which are required for survival and function in various physiological, pathological and pharmacological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Newsholme
- Curtin Medical School and CHIRI, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
- Correspondence: (P.N.); (J.R.)
| | - Jordan Rowlands
- Curtin Medical School and CHIRI, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
- Correspondence: (P.N.); (J.R.)
| | - Roselyn Rose’Meyer
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia;
| | - Vinicius Cruzat
- Faculty of Health, Torrens University Australia, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia;
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Mechanisms of Melatonin in Obesity: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010218. [PMID: 35008644 PMCID: PMC8745381 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its complications have become a prominent global public health problem that severely threatens human health. Melatonin, originally known as an effective antioxidant, is an endogenous hormone found throughout the body that serves various physiological functions. In recent decades, increasing attention has been paid to its unique function in regulating energy metabolism, especially in glucose and lipid metabolism. Accumulating evidence has established the relationship between melatonin and obesity; nevertheless, not all preclinical and clinical evidence indicates the anti-obesity effect of melatonin, which makes it remain to conclude the clinical effect of melatonin in the fight against obesity. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge of melatonin in regulating obesity-related symptoms, with emphasis on its underlying mechanisms. The role of melatonin in regulating the lipid profile, adipose tissue, oxidative stress, and inflammation, as well as the interactions of melatonin with the circadian rhythm, gut microbiota, sleep disorder, as well as the α7nAChR, the opioidergic system, and exosomes, make melatonin a promising agent to open new avenues in the intervention of obesity.
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Melatonin as a Reducer of Neuro- and Vasculotoxic Oxidative Stress Induced by Homocysteine. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081178. [PMID: 34439426 PMCID: PMC8389035 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant properties of melatonin can be successfully used to reduce the effects of oxidative stress caused by homocysteine. The beneficial actions of melatonin are mainly due to its ability to inhibit the generation of the hydroxyl radical during the oxidation of homocysteine. Melatonin protects endothelial cells, neurons, and glia against the action of oxygen radicals generated by homocysteine and prevents the structural changes in cells that lead to impaired contractility of blood vessels and neuronal degeneration. It can be, therefore, assumed that the results obtained in experiments performed mainly in the in vitro models and occasionally in animal models may clear the way to clinical applications of melatonin in patients with hyperhomocysteinemia, who exhibit a higher risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Parkinson’s disease or Alzheimer’s disease) and cardiovascular diseases of atherothrombotic etiology. However, the results that have been obtained so far are scarce and have seldom been performed on advanced in vivo models. All findings predominately originate from the use of in vitro models and the scarcity of clinical evidence is huge. Thus, this mini-review should be considered as a summary of the outcomes of the initial research in the field concerning the use of melatonin as a possibly efficient attenuator of oxidative stress induced by homocysteine.
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Basmaeil Y, Rashid MA, Khatlani T, AlShabibi M, Bahattab E, Abdullah ML, Abomaray F, Kalionis B, Massoudi S, Abumaree M. Preconditioning of Human Decidua Basalis Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells with Glucose Increased Their Engraftment and Anti-diabetic Properties. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 17:209-222. [PMID: 32077075 PMCID: PMC7105536 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-020-00239-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) from the decidua basalis (DBMSCs) of the human placenta have important functions that make them potential candidates for cellular therapy. Previously, we showed that DBMSC functions do not change significantly in a high oxidative stress environment, which was induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and immune cells. Here, we studied the consequences of glucose, another oxidative stress inducer, on the phenotypic and functional changes in DBMSCs. Methods: DBMSCs were exposed to a high level of glucose, and its effect on DBMSC phenotypic and functional properties was determined. DBMSC expression of oxidative stress and immune molecules after exposure to glucose were also identified. Results: Conditioning of DBMSCs with glucose improved their adhesion and invasion. Glucose also increased DBMSC expression of genes with survival, proliferation, migration, invasion, anti-inflammatory, anti-chemoattractant and antimicrobial properties. In addition, DBMSC expression of B7H4, an inhibitor of T cell proliferation was also enhanced by glucose. Interestingly, glucose modulated DBMSC expression of genes involved in insulin secretion and prevention of diabetes. Conclusion: These data show the potentially beneficial effects of glucose on DBMSC functions. Preconditioning of DBMSCs with glucose may therefore be a rational strategy for increasing their therapeutic potential by enhancing their engraftment efficiency. In addition, glucose may program DBMSCs into insulin producing cells with ability to counteract inflammation and infection associated with diabetes. However, future in vitro and in vivo studies are essential to investigate the findings of this study further. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s13770-020-00239-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Basmaeil
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Mail Code 1515, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Manar Al Rashid
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Mail Code 1515, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanvir Khatlani
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Mail Code 1515, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal AlShabibi
- National Center for Stem Cell Technology, Life Sciences and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O Box 6086, Riyadh, 11442, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Bahattab
- National Center for Stem Cell Technology, Life Sciences and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O Box 6086, Riyadh, 11442, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshan L Abdullah
- Experimental Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center MNG-HA, Ali Al Arini, Ar Rimayah, Riyadh, 11481, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawaz Abomaray
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bill Kalionis
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Pregnancy Research Centre and University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, 20 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Safia Massoudi
- Department of Forensic Biology, College of Forensic Sciences, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Khurais Rd, Ar Rimayah, Riyadh, 14812, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Abumaree
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Mail Code 1515, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Mail Code 3124, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh, 11481, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Effects of melatonin on cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome: a comprehensive review. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:521-536. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01822-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ge J, Zhou Q, Niu J, Wang Y, Yan Q, Wu C, Qian J, Yang H, Zou J. Melatonin Protects Intervertebral Disc from Degeneration by Improving Cell Survival and Function via Activation of the ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5120275. [PMID: 31885798 PMCID: PMC6914917 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5120275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin, a neuroendocrine hormone secreted by the pineal body, has a positive effect on intervertebral disc degeneration. The present study is aimed at investigating the biological role of melatonin in intervertebral disc degeneration and its underlying mechanism. A human nucleus pulposus cell (NPC) line was exposed to melatonin at different concentrations. Cell proliferation was measured by CCK-8 assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Western blot was performed to measure the protein expression of indicated genes. A rabbit model of intervertebral disc degeneration was established to detect the role and mechanism of melatonin on intervertebral disc degeneration. Our study showed that melatonin promoted NPC viability and inhibited cell arrest. Furthermore, melatonin treatment led to the upregulation of collagen II and aggrecan and downregulation of collagen X. Moreover, melatonin significantly elevated the activity of the ERK signaling pathway. Inhibition of the ERK1/2 signals reversed the role of melatonin in the regulation of NPCs both in vitro and in vivo. Melatonin increased NPC viability through inhibition of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Moreover, melatonin promoted the secretion of functional factors influencing the nucleus pulposus cell physiology and retarded cell degeneration. Our results suggest that melatonin activated the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, thereby affecting the biological properties of the intervertebral disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ge
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223002, China
| | - Junjie Niu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Qi Yan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Cenhao Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Jiale Qian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
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Xu J, Gao H, Zhang L, Rong S, Yang W, Ma C, Chen M, Huang Q, Deng Q, Huang F. Melatonin alleviates cognition impairment by antagonizing brain insulin resistance in aged rats fed a high-fat diet. J Pineal Res 2019; 67:e12584. [PMID: 31050371 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Brain insulin resistance, induced by neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, contributes to neurodegeneration, that is, processes that are associated with Aβ accumulation and TAU hyperphosphorylation. Here, we tested the effect of chronic administration of melatonin (MLT) on brain insulin resistance and cognition deficits caused by a high-fat diet (HFD) in aged rats. Results showed that MLT supplementation attenuated peripheral insulin resistance and lowered hippocampal oxidative stress levels. Activated microglia and astrocytes and hippocampal levels of TNF-α in HFD-fed rats were reduced by MLT treatment. Melatonin also prevented HFD-induced increases in beta-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation and TAU phosphorylation in the hippocampus. In addition, impairments of brain insulin signaling elicited by long-term HFD were restored by MLT treatment, as confirmed by ex vivo insulin stimulation. Importantly, MLT reversed HFD-induced cognitive decline as measured by a water maze test, normalized hippocampal LTP and restored CREB activity and BDNF levels as well as cholinergic neuronal activity in the hippocampus. Collectively, these findings indicate that MLT may exhibit substantial protective effects on cognition, via restoration of brain insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqu Xu
- Department of Nutriology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese & Western Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Rong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Congcong Ma
- Department of Nutriology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Chen
- Department of Nutriology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingde Huang
- Department of Nutriology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianchun Deng
- Department of Nutriology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fenghong Huang
- Department of Nutriology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Melatonin Uptake by Cells: An Answer to Its Relationship with Glucose? Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081999. [PMID: 30103453 PMCID: PMC6222335 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, is an indole mainly synthesized from tryptophan in the pineal gland and secreted exclusively during the night in all the animals reported to date. While the pineal gland is the major source responsible for this night rise, it is not at all the exclusive production site and many other tissues and organs produce melatonin as well. Likewise, melatonin is not restricted to vertebrates, as its presence has been reported in almost all the phyla from protozoa to mammals. Melatonin displays a large set of functions including adaptation to light: dark cycles, free radical scavenging ability, antioxidant enzyme modulation, immunomodulatory actions or differentiation–proliferation regulatory effects, among others. However, in addition to those important functions, this evolutionary ‘ancient’ molecule still hides further tools with important cellular implications. The major goal of the present review is to discuss the data and experiments that have addressed the relationship between the indole and glucose. Classically, the pineal gland and a pinealectomy were associated with glucose homeostasis even before melatonin was chemically isolated. Numerous reports have provided the molecular components underlying the regulatory actions of melatonin on insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells, mainly involving membrane receptors MTNR1A/B, which would be partially responsible for the circadian rhythmicity of insulin in the organism. More recently, a new line of evidence has shown that glucose transporters GLUT/SLC2A are linked to melatonin uptake and its cellular internalization. Beside its binding to membrane receptors, melatonin transportation into the cytoplasm, required for its free radical scavenging abilities, still generates a great deal of debate. Thus, GLUT transporters might constitute at least one of the keys to explain the relationship between glucose and melatonin. These and other potential mechanisms responsible for such interaction are also discussed here.
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Pereira C, Chavarria V, Vian J, Ashton MM, Berk M, Marx W, Dean OM. Mitochondrial Agents for Bipolar Disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 21:550-569. [PMID: 29596661 PMCID: PMC6007750 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyy018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bipolar disorder is a chronic and often debilitating illness. Current treatment options (both pharmaco- and psychotherapy) have shown efficacy, but for many leave a shortfall in recovery. Advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder suggest that interventions that target mitochondrial dysfunction may provide a therapeutic benefit. Methods This review explores the current and growing theoretical rationale as well as existing preclinical and clinical data for those therapies aiming to target the mitochondrion in bipolar disorder. A Clinicaltrials.gov and ANZCTR search was conducted for complete and ongoing trials on mitochondrial agents used in psychiatric disorders. A PubMed search was also conducted for literature published between January 1981 and July 2017. Systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, observational studies, case series, and animal studies with an emphasis on agents affecting mitochondrial function and its role in bipolar disorder were included. The search was augmented by manually searching the references of key papers and related literature. The results were presented as a narrative review. Results Mitochondrial agents offer new horizons in mood disorder treatment. While some negative effects have been reported, most compounds are overall well tolerated and have generally benign side-effect profiles. Conclusions The study of neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and mitochondrial function has contributed the understanding of bipolar disorder's pathophysiology. Agents targeting these pathways could be a potential therapeutic strategy. Future directions include identification of novel candidate mitochondrial modulators as well as rigorous and well-powered clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Círia Pereira
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Department, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - João Vian
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Department, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Melanie Maree Ashton
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Psychiatry, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Psychiatry, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Marx
- Deakin University, Food & Mood Centre, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Olivia May Dean
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Psychiatry, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Li T, Ni L, Zhao Z, Liu X, Lai Z, Di X, Xie Z, Song X, Wang X, Zhang R, Liu C. Melatonin attenuates smoking-induced hyperglycemia via preserving insulin secretion and hepatic glycogen synthesis in rats. J Pineal Res 2018; 64:e12475. [PMID: 29437243 PMCID: PMC5947659 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiology survey indicated that cigarette smoking is a risk factor of diabetes. However, the precise mechanisms remain to be clarified. In this study, we found that smoking caused metabolic malfunctions on pancreas and liver in experimental animal model. These were indicated by hyperglycemia, increased serum hemoglobin A1c level and decreased insulin secretion, inhibition of liver glycogen synthase (LGS), and hepatic glycogen synthesis. Mechanistic studies revealed that all these alterations were caused by the inflammatory reaction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by the smoking. Melatonin treatment significantly preserved the functions of both pancreas and liver by reducing β cell apoptosis, CD68-cell infiltration, ROS production, and caspase-3 expression. The siRNA-knockdown model identified that the protective effects of melatonin were mediated by melatonin receptor-2 (MT2). This study uncovered potentially underlying mechanisms related to the association between smoking and diabetes. In addition, it is, for first time, to report that melatonin effectively protects against smoking-induced glucose metabolic alterations and the signal transduction pathway of melatonin is mainly mediated by its MT2 receptor. These observations provide solid evidence for the clinically use of melatonin to reduce smoking-related diabetes, and the therapeutic regimens are absent currently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjia Li
- Department of Vascular SurgeryPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Leng Ni
- Department of Vascular SurgeryPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Zhewei Zhao
- Department of Vascular SurgeryPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xinnong Liu
- Department of Vascular SurgeryPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Zhichao Lai
- Department of Vascular SurgeryPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xiao Di
- Department of Vascular SurgeryPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Zhibo Xie
- Department of Vascular SurgeryPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xitao Song
- Department of Vascular SurgeryPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xuebin Wang
- Department of Vascular SurgeryPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Vascular SurgeryPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Changwei Liu
- Department of Vascular SurgeryPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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14
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Peliciari-Garcia RA, Darley-Usmar V, Young ME. An overview of the emerging interface between cardiac metabolism, redox biology and the circadian clock. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 119:75-84. [PMID: 29432800 PMCID: PMC6314011 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
At various biological levels, mammals must integrate with 24-hr rhythms in their environment. Daily fluctuations in stimuli/stressors of cardiac metabolism and oxidation-reduction (redox) status have been reported over the course of the day. It is therefore not surprising that the heart exhibits dramatic oscillations in various cellular processes over the course of the day, including transcription, translation, ion homeostasis, metabolism, and redox signaling. This temporal partitioning of cardiac processes is governed by a complex interplay between intracellular (e.g., circadian clocks) and extracellular (e.g., neurohumoral factors) influences, thus ensuring appropriate responses to daily stimuli/stresses. The purpose of the current article is to review knowledge regarding control of metabolism and redox biology in the heart over the course of the day, and to highlight whether disruption of these daily rhythms contribute towards cardiac dysfunction observed in various disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A Peliciari-Garcia
- Morphophysiology & Pathology Sector, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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