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Martínez-Casado A, Acacio M, Matia-Algué Q, Casals A, Villamar A, Franco-Roig A, Mendoza M, Castelló C, Medina S, Calderón G, Costa-Borges N, Mestres E. Culture medium and protein supplementation affect sensitivity of the mouse embryo assay in detecting Triton X-100. Reprod Biomed Online 2024; 49:104120. [PMID: 39084124 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2024.104120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION To what extent does the type and concentration of protein and the type of culture medium affect the sensitivity of the mouse embryo assay (MEA) to detect Triton X-100 (TX-100) in culture media? DESIGN The effect of the concentration of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human serum albumin (HSA) was assessed by supplementing media with 0.5 or 5 mg/ml. Potassium-supplemented simplex optimized medium (KSOM) and human tubal fluid (HTF) were used as complex and simple formulation media, respectively. Variables were combined, forming study groups where embryos were cultured in test media spiked with a sublethal TX-100 concentration. The conditions of greatest sensitivity were determined by statistical comparison of blastocyst formation rates and total cell counts between groups. RESULTS Although all of the study groups showed equal capacity for sustaining proper embryo development, the reported sensitivity of the MEA differed between groups when subjected to TX-100. HTF conferred significantly greater sensitivity than KSOM regardless of the type and concentration of protein used, and medium supplementation with 5 mg/ml BSA rather than 0.5 mg/ml BSA resulted in significantly higher sensitivity regardless of the type of medium used. This increase in concentration also resulted in higher sensitivity when supplementing HTF with HSA. The BSA groups provided more sensitivity than their HSA counterparts, except for the KSOM + 0.5 mg/ml BSA group. Cell count analysis did not provide further significant conclusions. CONCLUSIONS For TX-100 detection within culture medium, the type and concentration of protein and the type of culture medium have a direct effect on MEA sensitivity. These results could help to standardize the MEA protocol, and increase its ability to detect sublethal concentrations of embryotoxic substances, especially TX-100, thus avoiding possible clinical harmful effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mònica Acacio
- Embryotools R&D Centre, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alba Casals
- Embryotools R&D Centre, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Villamar
- Embryotools R&D Centre, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aina Franco-Roig
- Embryotools R&D Centre, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Mendoza
- Embryotools R&D Centre, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Castelló
- Embryotools R&D Centre, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Medina
- Embryotools R&D Centre, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gloria Calderón
- Embryotools R&D Centre, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuno Costa-Borges
- Embryotools R&D Centre, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enric Mestres
- Embryotools R&D Centre, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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2
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Meyer-Gerards C, Bazzi H. Developmental and tissue-specific roles of mammalian centrosomes. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38935637 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Centrosomes are dominant microtubule organizing centers in animal cells with a pair of centrioles at their core. They template cilia during interphase and help organize the mitotic spindle for a more efficient cell division. Here, we review the roles of centrosomes in the early developing mouse and during organ formation. Mammalian cells respond to centrosome loss-of-function by activating the mitotic surveillance pathway, a timing mechanism that, when a defined mitotic duration is exceeded, leads to p53-dependent cell death in the descendants. Mouse embryos without centrioles are highly susceptible to this pathway and undergo embryonic arrest at mid-gestation. The complete loss of the centriolar core results in earlier and more severe phenotypes than that of other centrosomal proteins. Finally, different developing tissues possess varying thresholds and mount graded responses to the loss of centrioles that go beyond the germ layer of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Meyer-Gerards
- Department of Cell Biology of the Skin, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany
- The Cologne Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany
- Graduate School for Biological Sciences, University of Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Hisham Bazzi
- Department of Cell Biology of the Skin, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany
- The Cologne Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany
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3
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Sakurai J, Oka S, Higuchi Y, Ohsawa S, Fujimori T. Effects of blastocyst elongation and implantation chamber formation on the alignment of the embryonic axis and uterine axis in mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1421222. [PMID: 38946796 PMCID: PMC11211524 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1421222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Embryo implantation involves a series of events that bring the embryo and maternal tissues into contact to support post-implantation development in mammals. During implantation, alignment of the embryonic-abembryonic (E-Ab) axis of the blastocyst with the mesometrial-antimesometrial (M-AM) axis of the uterus precedes post-implantation embryonic development and placentation. In the present study, we observed the morphological changes in blastocysts and the endometrial luminal epithelium (LE) that occur during the alignment of the embryonic and the uterine axes. We found that at the time that the blastocysts attached to the LE at the mural trophectoderm, the embryonic axis was not aligned with the uterine axis. Alignment of the embryonic E-Ab axis with the uterine M-AM axis occurred after E4.0, and the embryo was significantly elongated during the process. The depth of the implantation chamber (IC) correlated with the degree of alignment, suggesting that elongated embryos are oriented along the M-AM axis during IC formation. Transplantation of the Concanavalin A (Con A)-coated beads induced IC formation, and the alignment of two Con A-coated beads present in the same IC in the M-AM direction suggested that elongated materials can align along the M-AM axis. These data suggest that an elongated shape of the embryo and IC formation coordinate the alignment of the embryonic and uterine axes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sakurai
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
- Deapartment of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Sanae Oka
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Yoko Higuchi
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Sonoko Ohsawa
- Model Organisms Facility, Trans-Scale Biology Center, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Fujimori
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
- Deapartment of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Japan
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4
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Schumacher S, Fernkorn M, Marten M, Chen R, Kim YS, Bedzhov I, Schröter C. Tissue-intrinsic beta-catenin signals antagonize Nodal-driven anterior visceral endoderm differentiation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5055. [PMID: 38871742 PMCID: PMC11176336 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49380-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The anterior-posterior axis of the mammalian embryo is laid down by the anterior visceral endoderm (AVE), an extraembryonic signaling center that is specified within the visceral endoderm. Current models posit that AVE differentiation is promoted globally by epiblast-derived Nodal signals, and spatially restricted by a BMP gradient established by the extraembryonic ectoderm. Here, we report spatially restricted AVE differentiation in bilayered embryo-like aggregates made from mouse embryonic stem cells that lack an extraembryonic ectoderm. Notably, clusters of AVE cells also form in pure visceral endoderm cultures upon activation of Nodal signaling, indicating that tissue-intrinsic factors can restrict AVE differentiation. We identify β-catenin activity as a tissue-intrinsic factor that antagonizes AVE-inducing Nodal signals. Together, our results show how an AVE-like population can arise through interactions between epiblast and visceral endoderm alone. This mechanism may be a flexible solution for axis patterning in a wide range of embryo geometries, and provide robustness to axis patterning when coupled with signal gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Schumacher
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Max Fernkorn
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michelle Marten
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Rui Chen
- Embryonic Self-Organization research group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Yung Su Kim
- Embryonic Self-Organization research group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
- Integrated Biosystems and Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ivan Bedzhov
- Embryonic Self-Organization research group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Schröter
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany.
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5
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Wan R, Zhang Y, Peng Y, Tian F, Gao G, Tang F, Jia J, Ge H. Unveiling gene regulatory networks during cellular state transitions without linkage across time points. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12355. [PMID: 38811747 PMCID: PMC11137113 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62850-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Time-stamped cross-sectional data, which lack linkage across time points, are commonly generated in single-cell transcriptional profiling. Many previous methods for inferring gene regulatory networks (GRNs) driving cell-state transitions relied on constructing single-cell temporal ordering. Introducing COSLIR (COvariance restricted Sparse LInear Regression), we presented a direct approach to reconstructing GRNs that govern cell-state transitions, utilizing only the first and second moments of samples between two consecutive time points. Simulations validated COSLIR's perfect accuracy in the oracle case and demonstrated its robust performance in real-world scenarios. When applied to single-cell RT-PCR and RNAseq datasets in developmental biology, COSLIR competed favorably with existing methods. Notably, its running time remained nearly independent of the number of cells. Therefore, COSLIR emerges as a promising addition to GRN reconstruction methods under cell-state transitions, bypassing the single-cell temporal ordering to enhance accuracy and efficiency in single-cell transcriptional profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruosi Wan
- Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongli Peng
- Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Tian
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Gao
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fuchou Tang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinzhu Jia
- School of Public Health and Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Hao Ge
- Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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6
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Junyent S, Meglicki M, Vetter R, Mandelbaum R, King C, Patel EM, Iwamoto-Stohl L, Reynell C, Chen DY, Rubino P, Arrach N, Paulson RJ, Iber D, Zernicka-Goetz M. The first two blastomeres contribute unequally to the human embryo. Cell 2024; 187:2838-2854.e17. [PMID: 38744282 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Retrospective lineage reconstruction of humans predicts that dramatic clonal imbalances in the body can be traced to the 2-cell stage embryo. However, whether and how such clonal asymmetries arise in the embryo is unclear. Here, we performed prospective lineage tracing of human embryos using live imaging, non-invasive cell labeling, and computational predictions to determine the contribution of each 2-cell stage blastomere to the epiblast (body), hypoblast (yolk sac), and trophectoderm (placenta). We show that the majority of epiblast cells originate from only one blastomere of the 2-cell stage embryo. We observe that only one to three cells become internalized at the 8-to-16-cell stage transition. Moreover, these internalized cells are more frequently derived from the first cell to divide at the 2-cell stage. We propose that cell division dynamics and a cell internalization bottleneck in the early embryo establish asymmetry in the clonal composition of the future human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Junyent
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Maciej Meglicki
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Roman Vetter
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering (D-BSSE), ETH Zürich, Basel 4058, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rachel Mandelbaum
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Catherine King
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Ekta M Patel
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Lisa Iwamoto-Stohl
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Clare Reynell
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Dong-Yuan Chen
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Patrizia Rubino
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | | | - Richard J Paulson
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Dagmar Iber
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering (D-BSSE), ETH Zürich, Basel 4058, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK.
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7
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Ezoe K, Takahashi T, Miki T, Kato K. Developmental perturbation in human embryos: Clinical and biological significance learned from time-lapse images. Reprod Med Biol 2024; 23:e12593. [PMID: 38983691 PMCID: PMC11232294 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Time-lapse technology (TLT) has gained widespread adoption worldwide. In addition to facilitating the undisturbed culture of embryos, TLT offers the unique capability of continuously monitoring embryos to detect spatiotemporal changes. Although these observed phenomena play a role in optimal embryo selection/deselection, the clinical advantages of introducing TLT remain unclear. However, manual annotation of embryo perturbation could facilitate a comprehensive assessment of developmental competence. This process requires a thorough understanding of embryo observation and the biological significance associated with developmental dogma and variation. This review elucidates the typical behavior and variation of each phenomenon, exploring their clinical significance and research perspectives. Methods The MEDLINE database was searched using PubMed for peer-reviewed English-language original articles concerning human embryo development. Main findings TLT allows the observation of consecutive changes in embryo morphology, serving as potential biomarkers for embryo assessment. In assisted reproductive technology laboratories, several phenomena have not revealed their mechanism, posing difficulties such as fertilization deficiency and morula arrest. Conclusion A profound understanding of the biological mechanisms and significance of each phenomenon is crucial. Further collaborative efforts between the clinical and molecular fields following translational studies are required to advance embryonic outcomes and assessment.
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8
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Zhang Y, Li X, Gao S, Liao Y, Luo Y, Liu M, Bian Y, Xiong H, Yue Y, He A. Genetic reporter for live tracing fluid flow forces during cell fate segregation in mouse blastocyst development. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:1110-1123.e9. [PMID: 37541214 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical forces are known to be important in mammalian blastocyst formation; however, due to limited tools, specific force inputs and how they relay to first cell fate control of inner cell mass (ICM) and/or trophectoderm (TE) remain elusive. Combining in toto live imaging and various perturbation experiments, we demonstrate and measure fluid flow forces existing in the mouse blastocyst cavity and identify Klf2(Krüppel-like factor 2) as a fluid force reporter with force-responsive enhancers. Long-term live imaging and lineage reconstructions reveal that blastomeres subject to higher fluid flow forces adopt ICM cell fates. These are reinforced by internal ferrofluid-induced flow force assays. We also utilize ex vivo fluid flow force mimicking and pharmacological perturbations to confirm mechanosensing specificity. Together, we report a genetically encoded reporter for continuously monitoring fluid flow forces and cell fate decisions and provide a live imaging framework to infer force information enriched lineage landscape during development. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youdong Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shu Gao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuanhui Liao
- School of Software and Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yingjie Luo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Min Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yunkun Bian
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haiqing Xiong
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yanzhu Yue
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Department of Cell Fate and Diseases, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, China.
| | - Aibin He
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Future Technology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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9
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Athanasouli P, Balli M, De Jaime-Soguero A, Boel A, Papanikolaou S, van der Veer BK, Janiszewski A, Vanhessche T, Francis A, El Laithy Y, Nigro AL, Aulicino F, Koh KP, Pasque V, Cosma MP, Verfaillie C, Zwijsen A, Heindryckx B, Nikolaou C, Lluis F. The Wnt/TCF7L1 transcriptional repressor axis drives primitive endoderm formation by antagonizing naive and formative pluripotency. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1210. [PMID: 36869101 PMCID: PMC9984534 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36914-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Early during preimplantation development and in heterogeneous mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) culture, pluripotent cells are specified towards either the primed epiblast or the primitive endoderm (PE) lineage. Canonical Wnt signaling is crucial for safeguarding naive pluripotency and embryo implantation, yet the role and relevance of canonical Wnt inhibition during early mammalian development remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that transcriptional repression exerted by Wnt/TCF7L1 promotes PE differentiation of mESCs and in preimplantation inner cell mass. Time-series RNA sequencing and promoter occupancy data reveal that TCF7L1 binds and represses genes encoding essential naive pluripotency factors and indispensable regulators of the formative pluripotency program, including Otx2 and Lef1. Consequently, TCF7L1 promotes pluripotency exit and suppresses epiblast lineage formation, thereby driving cells into PE specification. Conversely, TCF7L1 is required for PE specification as deletion of Tcf7l1 abrogates PE differentiation without restraining epiblast priming. Taken together, our study underscores the importance of transcriptional Wnt inhibition in regulating lineage specification in ESCs and preimplantation embryo development as well as identifies TCF7L1 as key regulator of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Athanasouli
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martina Balli
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anchel De Jaime-Soguero
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Annekatrien Boel
- Ghent-Fertility And Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Department for Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University Hospital, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofia Papanikolaou
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013, Heraklion, Greece.,Computational Genomics Group, Institute of Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", 16672, Athens, Greece
| | - Bernard K van der Veer
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adrian Janiszewski
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tijs Vanhessche
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annick Francis
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Youssef El Laithy
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Antonio Lo Nigro
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francesco Aulicino
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kian Peng Koh
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vincent Pasque
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven Institute for Single-Cell Omics (LISCO), 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Pia Cosma
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Catherine Verfaillie
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - An Zwijsen
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Björn Heindryckx
- Ghent-Fertility And Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Department for Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University Hospital, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christoforos Nikolaou
- Computational Genomics Group, Institute of Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", 16672, Athens, Greece
| | - Frederic Lluis
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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10
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Abstract
Organ development and homeostasis involve dynamic interactions between individual cells that collectively regulate tissue architecture and function. To ensure the highest tissue fidelity, equally fit cell populations are continuously renewed by stochastic replacement events, while cells perceived as less fit are actively removed by their fitter counterparts. This renewal is mediated by surveillance mechanisms that are collectively known as cell competition. Recent studies have revealed that cell competition has roles in most, if not all, developing and adult tissues. They have also established that cell competition functions both as a tumour-suppressive mechanism and as a tumour-promoting mechanism, thereby critically influencing cancer initiation and development. This Review discusses the latest insights into the mechanisms of cell competition and its different roles during embryonic development, homeostasis and cancer.
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11
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Zhang P, Zhai X, Huang B, Sun S, Wang W, Zhang M. Highly efficient generation of blastocyst-like structures from spliceosomes-repressed mouse totipotent blastomere-like cells. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:423-435. [PMID: 36633710 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2209-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian embryogenesis begins with a totipotent zygote. Blastocyst-like structures can be captured by aggregated cells with extended pluripotent properties in a three-dimensional (3D) culture system. However, the efficiency of generating blastoids is low, and it remains unclear whether other reported totipotent-like stem cells retain a similar capacity. In this study, we demonstrated that spliceosomal repression-induced totipotent blastomere-like cells (TBLCs) form blastocyst-like structures within around 80% of all microwells. In addition, we generated blastoids initiating from a single TBLC. TBLC-blastoids express specific markers of constituent cell lineages of a blastocyst and resemble blastocyst in cell-lineage allocation. Moreover, single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that TBLC-blastoids share a similar transcriptional profile to natural embryos, albeit composed of fewer primitive endoderm-like cells. Furthermore, TBLC-blastoids can develop beyond the implantation stage in vitro and induce decidualization in vivo. In summary, our findings provided an alternative cell type to efficiently generate blastoids for the study of early mouse embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhang
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-HongKong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510005, China
- Center for Cell Lineage and Atlas (CCLA), Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Xuzhao Zhai
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-HongKong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Boyan Huang
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-HongKong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510005, China
- Center for Cell Lineage and Atlas (CCLA), Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Shu Sun
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-HongKong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - WenJing Wang
- Center for Cell Lineage and Atlas (CCLA), Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Man Zhang
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-HongKong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
- Center for Cell Lineage and Atlas (CCLA), Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
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12
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Demicheli R, Hrushesky WJM. Reimagining Cancer: Moving from the Cellular to the Tissue Level. Cancer Res 2023; 83:173-180. [PMID: 36264185 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The current universally accepted explanation of cancer origin and behavior, the somatic mutation theory, is cell-centered and rooted in perturbation of gene function independent of the external environmental context. However, tumors consist of various epithelial and stromal cell populations temporally and spatially organized into an integrated neoplastic community, and they can have properties similar to normal tissues. Accordingly, we review specific normal cellular and tissue traits and behaviors with adaptive temporal and spatial self-organization that result in ordered patterns and structures. A few recent theories have described these tissue-level cancer behaviors, invoking a conceptual shift from the cellular level and highlighting the need for methodologic approaches based on the analysis of complex systems. We propose extending the analytical approach of regulatory networks to the tissue level and introduce the concept of "cancer attractors." These concepts require reevaluation of cancer imaging and investigational approaches and challenge the traditional reductionist approach of cancer molecular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romano Demicheli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC) "L. Sacco" & DSRC, LITA Vialba Campus, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - William J M Hrushesky
- School of Medicine and College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.,WJB Dorn VA Medical Center, Columbia, South Carolina
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13
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Arcanjo RB, Vieira MC, Sivaguru M, Nowak RA. Impact of mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) on the development of mouse embryo in vitro. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 115:111-123. [PMID: 36535558 PMCID: PMC10195034 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) is the most studied metabolite of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a phthalate found in cosmetics, flooring, paints, and plastics products, including toys and medical tubing. Humans are frequently exposed to this compound due to its ubiquitous presence in our environment. DEHP and MEHP are known to be endocrine-disrupting chemicals and exposure levels have been associated to decreased reproductive success. However, few studies have focused on the direct effects of MEHP on embryos. The present study investigated effects of MEHP (0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 µM) on mice preimplantation embryonic development, evaluating percentage of blastocyst formation, hatching from zona pellucida, methylation-related genes, cell lineage commitment, micronucleation, and adherens junction marker at different stages of development during in vitro culture for 6 days. We show MEHP negatively impacts embryo competence by reducing blastocyst formation and hatching at 100 and 1000 µM. In addition, 100 µM MEHP increases the expression of Tet3 gene in blastocysts, which is related to a reduction of DNA methylation, an important mechanism regulating gene expression. Exposed embryos that completed the hatching process in groups 0.1, 1 and 10 µM MEHP had similar number of inner cell mass and trophectoderm cells compared to the control, while micronucleation occurrence and E-cadherin expression was not affected in exposed morulae by MEHP at 10 or 100 µM. Our results showed that high concentrations of MEHP can negatively impact embryo development. New studies unveiling the mechanism of toxicity involved and encompassing further developmental stages are warranted for further understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Braz Arcanjo
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1207 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
| | - Marcos Costa Vieira
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, 1107 East 57th street, Chicago, IL 60637, United States.
| | - Mayandi Sivaguru
- Cytometry and Microscopy to Omics Facility, 231 Edward R. Madigan Laboratory, Roy. J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1201 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
| | - Romana A Nowak
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1207 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
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14
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Liu Y, Xin J, Zhang S, Li Q, Wang W, Chen J, Ming X, Wu X, Cao X, Cui W, Wang H, Li W. Expression patterns and biological function of BCL2L10 during mouse preimplantation development. Gene Expr Patterns 2022; 46:119285. [PMID: 36341977 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2022.119285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BCL2-like 10 (BCL2L10) is abundantly expressed in mammalian oocytes and plays a crucial role in the completion of oocyte meiosis. However, the expression patterns of BCL2L10 and its biological functions during preimplantation development have not been well characterized. Here, we investigated the spatiotemporal expressions of Bcl2l10 during mouse preimplantation development using RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence and its biological function using siRNA and morpholino injection into pronuclear embryos. Results from RT-qPCR showed that Bcl2l10 was highly expressed in the metaphase Ⅱ-stage oocytes and pronuclear-stage embryos, but expression markedly decreased from the two-cell stage onwards and was no longer detected at the four-cell stage and beyond. Immunofluorescence staining showed that BCL2L10 was detectable throughout preimplantation development and localized in the cytoplasm and nuclei. Knocking down Bcl2l10 resulted in a reduced blastocyst formation rate (P < 0.01) and decreased expression of OCT4, NANOG, and SOX17 (P < 0.05). We concluded that the role of BCL2L10 is strongly associated with developmental competence of preimplantation mouse embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, China; Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Animal Models Core Facility, Institute for Applied Life Sciences (IALS), University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01002, United States
| | - Jing Xin
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, China
| | - Qingmei Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, China
| | - Wenying Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, China
| | - Ji Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, China
| | - Xin Ming
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, China
| | - Xinyan Cao
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.4899 Juye Street, Jingyue District, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Animal Models Core Facility, Institute for Applied Life Sciences (IALS), University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01002, United States
| | - Hongcheng Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, China; Linquan Modern Agricultural Technology Cooperation and Extension Service Center, The Anhui Agricultural University's Comprehensive Experimental Station in the Northwest of Anhui Province, Linquan, Anhui, 236400, China.
| | - Wenyong Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, China.
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15
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Liu S, Feng K, An S, Qiu J, Zhou Q, Yang Y. 2,4,6-triiodophenol exhibits embryotoxicity to pre-implantation mouse embryos in an in vitro exposure model. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113745. [PMID: 35691197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
2,4,6-triiodophenol (TIP), a novel type of halophenolic disinfection byproducts, has been widely detected in water bodies, even in drinking water. Recently, TIP has drawn increasing concerns on account of considerable developmental toxicity towards lower organisms and cytotoxicity for mammalian cells. However, it remains unknown about its toxicity on mammalian pre-implantation embryos. Here, by exposing mouse zygotes derived in vitro fertilization to TIP, which ranged from 5 to 50 μM, we found that TIP impaired the quality of pre-implantation mouse embryos in a dose-dependent manner, inducing decline of both total and trophectoderm cell numbers, enhancing caspase 3/7 activity and reactive oxygen species generation, though it did not decrease blastocyst formation efficiency. For the sake that only high qualified embryos are able to implant in endometrium and generate health body finally, we applied a previously modified in vitro culture system to assess TIP-exposed blastocysts' further developmental potency beyond pre-implantation stage. Surprisingly, although the exposed dose was only 5 μM and TIP was removed as soon as the zygotes reached blastocyst stage, these blastocysts still nearly lost their implantation and egg cylinder formation ability, exhibiting abnormal embryonic lineage differentiation pattern as well. Therefore, our study not only entirely shows TIP embryonic toxicity on mouse pre-implantation embryos, but also proposes a model to evaluate embryotoxicity from the zygote to egg cylinder stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siya Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ke Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Shiyu An
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jingfan Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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16
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Zhang J, Zhi M, Gao D, Zhu Q, Gao J, Zhu G, Cao S, Han J. Research progress and application prospects of stable porcine pluripotent stem cells. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:226-236. [PMID: 35678320 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) harbor the capacity of unlimited self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation potential which are crucial for basic research and biomedical science. Establishment of PSCs with defined features were previously reported from mice and humans, while generation of stable large animal PSCs has experienced a relatively long trial stage and only recently has made breakthroughs. Pigs are regarded as ideal animal models for their similarities in physiology and anatomy to humans. Generation of porcine PSCs would provide cell resources for basic research, genetic engineering, animal breeding and cultured meat. In this review, we summarize the progress on the derivation of porcine PSCs and reprogrammed cells and elucidate the mechanisms of pluripotency changes during pig embryo development. This will be beneficial for understanding the divergence and conservation between different species involved in embryo development and the pluripotent regulated signaling pathways. Finally, we also discuss the promising future applications of stable porcine PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Minglei Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dengfeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Gaoxiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Suying Cao
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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17
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Olbrich T, Ruiz S. Genome architecture and totipotency: An intertwined relation during early embryonic development. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2200029. [PMID: 35560026 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomes are not randomly packed and positioned into the nucleus but folded in higher-order chromatin structures with defined functions. However, the genome of a fertilized embryo undergoes a dramatic epigenetic reprogramming characterized by extensive chromatin relaxation and the lack of a defined three-dimensional structure. This reprogramming is followed by a slow genome refolding that gradually strengthens the chromatin architecture during preimplantation development. Interestingly, genome refolding during early development coincides with a progressive loss of developmental potential suggesting a link between chromatin organization and cell plasticity. In agreement, loss of chromatin architecture upon depletion of the insulator transcription factor CTCF in embryonic stem cells led to the upregulation of the transcriptional program found in totipotent cells of the embryo, those with the highest developmental potential. This essay will discuss the impact of genome folding in controlling the expression of transcriptional programs involved in early development and their plastic-associated features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Olbrich
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sergio Ruiz
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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18
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Zuo ZY, Yang GH, Wang HY, Liu SY, Zhang YJ, Cai Y, Chen F, Dai H, Xiao Y, Cheng MB, Huang Y, Zhang Y. Klf4 methylated by Prmt1 restrains the commitment of primitive endoderm. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:2005-2018. [PMID: 35137179 PMCID: PMC8887470 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The second cell fate decision in the early stage of mammalian embryonic development is pivotal; however, the underlying molecular mechanism is largely unexplored. Here, we report that Prmt1 acts as an important regulator in primitive endoderm (PrE) formation. First, Prmt1 depletion promotes PrE gene expression in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Single-cell RNA sequencing and flow cytometry assays demonstrated that Prmt1 depletion in mESCs contributes to an emerging cluster, where PrE genes are upregulated significantly. Furthermore, the efficiency of extraembryonic endoderm stem cell induction increased in Prmt1-depleted ESCs. Second, the pluripotency factor Klf4 methylated at Arg396 by Prmt1 is required for recruitment of the repressive mSin3a/HDAC complex to silence PrE genes. Most importantly, an embryonic chimeric assay showed that Prmt1 inhibition and mutated Klf4 at Arg 396 induce the integration of mouse ESCs into the PrE lineage. Therefore, we reveal a regulatory mechanism for cell fate decisions centered on Prmt1-mediated Klf4 methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-yu Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Guang-hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Hai-yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Shu-yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yan-jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Fei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Hui Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Mo-bin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yue Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
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19
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Taher L, Israel S, Drexler HCA, Makalowski W, Suzuki Y, Fuellen G, Boiani M. The proteome, not the transcriptome, predicts that oocyte superovulation affects embryonic phenotypes in mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23731. [PMID: 34887460 PMCID: PMC8660899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03054-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Superovulation is the epitome for generating oocytes for molecular embryology in mice, and it is used to model medically assisted reproduction in humans. However, whether a superovulated oocyte is normal, is an open question. This study establishes for the first time that superovulation is associated with proteome changes that affect phenotypic traits in mice, whereas the transcriptome is far less predictive. The proteins that were differentially expressed in superovulated mouse oocytes and embryos compared to their naturally ovulated counterparts were enriched in ontology terms describing abnormal mammalian phenotypes: a thinner zona pellucida, a smaller oocyte diameter, increased frequency of cleavage arrest, and defective blastocyst formation, which could all be verified functionally. Moreover, our findings indicate that embryos with such abnormalities are negatively selected during preimplantation, and ascribe these abnormalities to incomplete ovarian maturation during the time of the conventional superovulation, since they could be corrected upon postponement of the ovulatory stimulus by 24 h. Our data place constraints on the common view that superovulated oocytes are suitable for drawing general conclusions about developmental processes, and underscore the importance of including the proteins in a modern molecular definition of oocyte quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Taher
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 16/I, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Steffen Israel
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstrasse 20, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Hannes C A Drexler
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstrasse 20, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Wojciech Makalowski
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Niels Stensen Str. 14, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan
| | - Georg Fuellen
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Aging Research (IBIMA), Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 8, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Michele Boiani
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstrasse 20, 48149, Muenster, Germany.
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20
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Zhang ML, Jin Y, Zhao LH, Zhang J, Zhou M, Li MS, Yin ZB, Wang ZX, Zhao LX, Li XH, Li RF. Derivation of Porcine Extra-Embryonic Endoderm Cell Lines Reveals Distinct Signaling Pathway and Multipotency States. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312918. [PMID: 34884722 PMCID: PMC8657774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The inner cell mass of the pre-implantation blastocyst consists of the epiblast and hypoblast from which embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and extra-embryonic endoderm (XEN) stem cells, respectively, can be derived. Importantly, each stem cell type retains the defining properties and lineage restriction of its in vivo tissue origin. We have developed a novel approach for deriving porcine XEN (pXEN) cells via culturing the blastocysts with a chemical cocktail culture system. The pXEN cells were positive for XEN markers, including Gata4, Gata6, Sox17, and Sall4, but not for pluripotent markers Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog. The pXEN cells also retained the ability to undergo visceral endoderm (VE) and parietal endoderm (PE) differentiation in vitro. The maintenance of pXEN required FGF/MEK+TGFβ signaling pathways. The pXEN cells showed a stable phenotype through more than 50 passages in culture and could be established repeatedly from blastocysts or converted from the naïve-like ESCs established in our lab. These cells provide a new tool for exploring the pathways of porcine embryo development and differentiation and providing further reference to the establishment of porcine ESCs with potency of germline chimerism and gamete development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Ling Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China; (M.-L.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.-X.Z.)
| | - Yong Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.J.); (L.-H.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.-S.L.); (Z.-B.Y.)
| | - Li-Hua Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.J.); (L.-H.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.-S.L.); (Z.-B.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China; (M.-L.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.-X.Z.)
| | - Meng Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.J.); (L.-H.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.-S.L.); (Z.-B.Y.)
| | - Mei-Shuang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.J.); (L.-H.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.-S.L.); (Z.-B.Y.)
| | - Zhi-Bao Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.J.); (L.-H.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.-S.L.); (Z.-B.Y.)
| | - Zi-Xin Wang
- Inner Mongolia Saikexing Institute of Breeding and Reproductive Biotechnology in Domestic Animal, Hohhot 011517, China;
| | - Li-Xia Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China; (M.-L.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.-X.Z.)
- Inner Mongolia Saikexing Institute of Breeding and Reproductive Biotechnology in Domestic Animal, Hohhot 011517, China;
| | - Xi-He Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China; (M.-L.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.-X.Z.)
- Inner Mongolia Saikexing Institute of Breeding and Reproductive Biotechnology in Domestic Animal, Hohhot 011517, China;
- Correspondence: (X.-H.L.); (R.-F.L.)
| | - Rong-Feng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.J.); (L.-H.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.-S.L.); (Z.-B.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Correspondence: (X.-H.L.); (R.-F.L.)
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21
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Mancini V, McKeegan PJ, Schrimpe-Rutledge AC, Codreanu SG, Sherrod SD, McLean JA, Picton HM, Pensabene V. Probing morphological, genetic and metabolomic changes of in vitro embryo development in a microfluidic device. Biotechnol Prog 2021; 37:e3194. [PMID: 34288603 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Assisted reproduction technologies for clinical and research purposes rely on a brief in vitro embryo culture which, despite decades of progress, remain suboptimal in comparison to the physiological environment. One promising tool to improve this technique is the development of bespoke microfluidic chambers. Here we present and validate a new microfluidic device in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) for the culture of early mouse embryos. Device material and design resulted embryo compatible and elicit minimal stress. Blastocyst formation, hatching, attachment and outgrowth formation on fibronectin-coated devices were similar to traditional microdrop methods. Total blastocyst cell number and allocation to the trophectoderm and inner cell mass lineages were unaffected. The devices were designed for culture of 10-12 embryos. Development rates, mitochondrial polarization and metabolic turnover of key energy substrates glucose, pyruvate and lactate were consistent with groups of 10 embryos in microdrop controls. Increasing group size to 40 embryos per device was associated with increased variation in development rates and altered metabolism. Device culture did not perturb blastocyst gene expression but did elicit changes in embryo metabolome, which can be ascribed to substrate leaching from PDMS and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Mancini
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Paul J McKeegan
- Reproduction and Early Development Research Group, Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, UK
- Centre for Anatomical and Human Sciences, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | | | - Simona G Codreanu
- Center for Innovative Technology (CIT), Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stacy D Sherrod
- Center for Innovative Technology (CIT), Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - John A McLean
- Center for Innovative Technology (CIT), Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Helen M Picton
- Reproduction and Early Development Research Group, Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Virginia Pensabene
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, UK
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22
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Totipotency of mouse zygotes extends to single blastomeres of embryos at the four-cell stage. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11167. [PMID: 34045607 PMCID: PMC8160171 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90653-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, oocytes and sperm undergo fusion during fertilization and the resulting zygote gives rise to a new individual. The ability of zygotes to produce a fully formed individual from a single cell when placed in a supportive environment is known as totipotency. Given that totipotent cells are the source of all multicellular organisms, a better understanding of totipotency may have a wide-ranging impact on biology. The precise delineation of totipotent cells in mammals has remained elusive, however, although zygotes and single blastomeres of embryos at the two-cell stage have been thought to be the only totipotent cells in mice. We now show that a single blastomere of two- or four-cell mouse embryos can give rise to a fertile adult when placed in a uterus, even though blastomere isolation disturbs the transcriptome of derived embryos. Single blastomeres isolated from embryos at the eight-cell or morula stages and cultured in vitro manifested pronounced defects in the formation of epiblast and primitive endoderm by the inner cell mass and in the development of blastocysts, respectively. Our results thus indicate that totipotency of mouse zygotes extends to single blastomeres of embryos at the four-cell stage.
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23
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Toyooka Y. Pluripotent stem cells in the research for extraembryonic cell differentiation. Dev Growth Differ 2021; 63:127-139. [PMID: 33583019 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) are pluripotent stem cell populations derived from the preimplantation embryo and are used to study the differentiation of many types of somatic and germ cells in developing embryos. They are also used to study cell lineages of extraembryonic tissues, such as the trophectoderm (TE) and the primitive endoderm (PrE). mESC cultures are suitable systems for reproducing cellular and molecular events occurring during the differentiation of these cell types, such as changes in gene expression patterns, signaling events, and genome rearrangements although the consistency between the results obtained using mESCs and those of in vivo studies on embryos should be carefully taken into account. Since TE and PrE cells can be induced from mESCs in vitro, mESC cultures are useful systems to study differentiation of these cell lineages during development, if used appropriately. In addition, human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), such as human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), are capable of generating extraembryonic lineages in vitro and are promising tools to study the differentiation of these lineages in the human embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayoi Toyooka
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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24
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Fujishima A, Takahashi K, Goto M, Hirakawa T, Iwasawa T, Togashi K, Maeda E, Shirasawa H, Miura H, Sato W, Kumazawa Y, Terada Y. Live visualisation of electrolytes during mouse embryonic development using electrolyte indicators. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246337. [PMID: 33513193 PMCID: PMC7845971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that some electrolytes, including Na+ and K+, play important roles in embryonic development. However, these studies evaluated these electrolytes by using inhibitors or knockout mice, with no mention on the changes in the intracellular electrolyte concentrations during embryogenesis. In this study, we used the electrolyte indicators CoroNa Green AM and ION Potassium Green-2 AM to directly visualise intracellular concentrations of Na+ and K+, respectively, at each embryonic developmental stage in mouse embryos. We directly observed intracellular electrolyte concentrations at the morula, blastocyst, and hatching stages. Our results revealed dynamic changes in intracellular electrolyte concentrations; we found that the intracellular Na+ concentration decreased, while K+ concentration increased during blastocoel formation. The degree of change in intensity in response to ouabain, an inhibitor of Na+/K+ ATPase, was considered to correspond to the degree of Na+/K+ ATPase activity at each developmental stage. Additionally, after the blastocyst stage, trophectoderm cells in direct contact with the blastocoel showed higher K+ concentrations than in direct contact with inner cell mass, indicating that Na+/K+ ATPase activity differs depending on the location in the trophectoderm. This is the first study to use CoroNa Green AM and ION Potassium Green-2 AM in mouse embryos and visualise electrolytes during embryonic development. The changes in electrolyte concentration observed in this study were consistent with the activity of Na+/K+ ATPase reported previously, and it was possible to image more detailed electrolyte behaviour in embryo cells. This method can be used to improve the understanding of cell physiology and is useful for future embryonic development studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Fujishima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Takahashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Mayumi Goto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Takeo Hirakawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Takuya Iwasawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Omagari Kousei Medical Center, Akita, Japan
| | - Kazue Togashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Eri Maeda
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Public Health, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Shirasawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Wataru Sato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yukiyo Kumazawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Terada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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25
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Liebisch T, Drusko A, Mathew B, Stelzer EHK, Fischer SC, Matthäus F. Cell fate clusters in ICM organoids arise from cell fate heredity and division: a modelling approach. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22405. [PMID: 33376253 PMCID: PMC7772343 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80141-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
During the mammalian preimplantation phase, cells undergo two subsequent cell fate decisions. During the first decision, the trophectoderm and the inner cell mass are formed. Subsequently, the inner cell mass segregates into the epiblast and the primitive endoderm. Inner cell mass organoids represent an experimental model system, mimicking the second cell fate decision. It has been shown that cells of the same fate tend to cluster stronger than expected for random cell fate decisions. Three major processes are hypothesised to contribute to the cell fate arrangements: (1) chemical signalling; (2) cell sorting; and (3) cell proliferation. In order to quantify the influence of cell proliferation on the observed cell lineage type clustering, we developed an agent-based model accounting for mechanical cell-cell interaction, i.e. adhesion and repulsion, cell division, stochastic cell fate decision and cell fate heredity. The model supports the hypothesis that initial cell fate acquisition is a stochastically driven process, taking place in the early development of inner cell mass organoids. Further, we show that the observed neighbourhood structures can emerge solely due to cell fate heredity during cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Liebisch
- Faculty of Biological Sciences and Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS), Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Ruth-Moufang-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Armin Drusko
- Faculty of Biological Sciences and Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS), Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Ruth-Moufang-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Biena Mathew
- Faculty of Biological Sciences and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue Str. 15, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ernst H K Stelzer
- Faculty of Biological Sciences and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue Str. 15, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sabine C Fischer
- Center for Computational and Theoretical Biology (CCTB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Campus Hubland Nord 32, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Matthäus
- Faculty of Biological Sciences and Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS), Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Ruth-Moufang-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
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26
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Whole-Mount Immunofluorescence Staining of Early Mouse Embryos. Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 32944908 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0958-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Immunofluorescence staining enables the visualization of protein expression at a cellular or even sub-nuclear level. Whole-mount staining preserves the three-dimensional spatial information in biological samples allowing a comprehensive interpretation of expression domains. Here we describe the sample processing, protein detection using antibodies and confocal imaging of isolated preimplantation to early postimplantation mouse embryos up to Embryonic day 8.0 (E8.0).
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27
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Zhang PY, Fan Y, Tan T, Yu Y. Generation of Artificial Gamete and Embryo From Stem Cells in Reproductive Medicine. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:781. [PMID: 32793569 PMCID: PMC7387433 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to the great growing need for assisted reproduction technologies (ART), additional solutions for patients without functional gametes are strongly needed. Due to ethical restrictions, limited studies can be performed on human gametes and embryos; however, artificial gametes and embryos represent a new hope for clinical application and basic research in the field of reproductive medicine. Here, we provide a review of the research progress and possible application of artificial gametes and embryos from different species, including mice, monkeys and humans. Gametes specification from adult stem cells and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) as well as propagation of stem cells from the reproductive system and from organized embryos, which are similar to blastocysts, have been realized in some nonhuman mammals, but not all achievements can be replicated in humans. This area of research remains noteworthy and requires further study and effort to achieve the reconstitution of the entire cycle of gametogenesis and embryo development in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu-Yao Zhang
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Tan
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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28
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Toyooka Y. Trophoblast lineage specification in the mammalian preimplantation embryo. Reprod Med Biol 2020; 19:209-221. [PMID: 32684820 PMCID: PMC7360972 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The establishment of the trophectoderm (TE) and the inner cell mass (ICM) is the first cell lineage segregation that occurs in mammalian preimplantation development. TE will contribute to the placenta while ICM cells give rise to the epiblast (EPI) and primitive endoderm (PrE). There are two historical models for TE/ICM segregation: the positional (inside-outside) model and the polarity model, but both models alone cannot explain the mechanism of TE/ICM segregation. METHODS This article discusses a current possible model based on recent studies including the finding through live-cell imaging of the expression patterns of caudal type homeobox 2 (Cdx2), a key transcription factor of TE differentiation in the mouse embryo. RESULTS It was observed that a part of outer Cdx2-expressing blastomeres was internalized at the around 20- to 30-cell stage, downregulates Cdx2, ceases TE differentiation, and participates in ICM lineages. CONCLUSION The early blastomere, which starts differentiation toward the TE cell fate, still has plasticity and can change its fate. Differentiation potency of all blastomeres until approximately the 32-cell stage is presumably not irreversibly restricted even if they show heterogeneity in their epigenetic modifications or gene expression patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayoi Toyooka
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
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29
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Pang CY, Bai MZ, Zhang C, Chen J, Lu XR, Deng TX, Ma XY, Duan AQ, Liang SS, Huang YQ, Xiu Z, Liang XW. Global transcriptome analysis of different stages of preimplantation embryo development in river buffalo. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8185. [PMID: 31824777 PMCID: PMC6894430 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) are divided into river buffalo and swamp buffalo subspecies and are essential livestock for agriculture and the local economy. Studies on buffalo reproduction have primarily focused on optimal fertility and embryonic mortality. There is currently limited knowledge on buffalo embryonic development, especially during the preimplantation period. Assembly of the river buffalo genome offers a reference for omics studies and facilitates transcriptomic analysis of preimplantation embryo development (PED). Methods We revealed transcriptomic profile of four stages (2-cell, 8-cell, Morula and Blastocyst) of PED via RNA-seq (Illumina HiSeq4000). Each stage comprised three biological replicates. The data were analyzed according to the basic RNA-seq analysis process. Ingenuity analysis of cell lineage control, especially transcription factor (TF) regulatory networks, was also performed. Results A total of 21,519 expressed genes and 67,298 transcripts were predicted from approximately 81.94 Gb of raw data. Analysis of transcriptome-wide expression, gene coexpression networks, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) allowed for the characterization of gene-specific expression levels and relationships for each stage. The expression patterns of TFs, such as POU5F1, TEAD4, CDX4 and GATAs, were elucidated across diverse time series; most TF expression levels were increased during the blastocyst stage, during which time cell differentiation is initiated. All of these TFs were involved in the composition of the regulatory networks that precisely specify cell fate. These findings offer a deeper understanding of PED at the transcriptional level in the river buffalo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ying Pang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Guangxi), Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Zhou Bai
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Chi Zhang
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Junhui Chen
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xing-Rong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Guangxi), Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Ting-Xian Deng
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Guangxi), Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ya Ma
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Guangxi), Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - An-Qin Duan
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Guangxi), Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Sha-Sha Liang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Guangxi), Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Qi Huang
- Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, PR China
| | - Zhihui Xiu
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xian-Wei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Guangxi), Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, P. R. China
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30
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Liko D, Mitchell L, Campbell KJ, Ridgway RA, Jones C, Dudek K, King A, Bryson S, Stevenson D, Blyth K, Strathdee D, Morton JP, Bird TG, Knight JRP, Willis AE, Sansom OJ. Brf1 loss and not overexpression disrupts tissues homeostasis in the intestine, liver and pancreas. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:2535-2550. [PMID: 30858608 PMCID: PMC6861133 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0316-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA polymerase III (Pol-III) transcribes tRNAs and other small RNAs essential for protein synthesis and cell growth. Pol-III is deregulated during carcinogenesis; however, its role in vivo has not been studied. To address this issue, we manipulated levels of Brf1, a Pol-III transcription factor that is essential for recruitment of Pol-III holoenzyme at tRNA genes in vivo. Knockout of Brf1 led to embryonic lethality at blastocyst stage. In contrast, heterozygous Brf1 mice were viable, fertile and of a normal size. Conditional deletion of Brf1 in gastrointestinal epithelial tissues, intestine, liver and pancreas, was incompatible with organ homeostasis. Deletion of Brf1 in adult intestine and liver induced apoptosis. However, Brf1 heterozygosity neither had gross effects in these epithelia nor did it modify tumorigenesis in the intestine or pancreas. Overexpression of BRF1 rescued the phenotypes of Brf1 deletion in intestine and liver but was unable to initiate tumorigenesis. Thus, Brf1 and Pol-III activity are absolutely essential for normal homeostasis during development and in adult epithelia. However, Brf1 overexpression or heterozygosity are unable to modify tumorigenesis, suggesting a permissive, but not driving role for Brf1 in the development of epithelial cancers of the pancreas and gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dritan Liko
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Louise Mitchell
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Kirsteen J Campbell
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Rachel A Ridgway
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Carolyn Jones
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Kate Dudek
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Ayala King
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Sheila Bryson
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - David Stevenson
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Karen Blyth
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Douglas Strathdee
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Thomas G Bird
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - John R P Knight
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.
| | - Anne E Willis
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.
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31
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Kime C, Kiyonari H, Ohtsuka S, Kohbayashi E, Asahi M, Yamanaka S, Takahashi M, Tomoda K. Induced 2C Expression and Implantation-Competent Blastocyst-like Cysts from Primed Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 13:485-498. [PMID: 31402336 PMCID: PMC6739768 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Soon after fertilization, the few totipotent cells of mammalian embryos diverge to form a structure called the blastocyst (BC). Although numerous cell types, including germ cells and extended-pluripotency stem cells, have been developed from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in vitro, generating functional BCs only from PSCs remains elusive. Here, we describe induced self-organizing 3D BC-like cysts (iBLCs) generated from mouse PSC culture. Resembling natural BCs, iBLCs have a blastocoel-like cavity and were formed with outer cells expressing trophectoderm lineage markers and with inner cells expressing pluripotency markers. iBLCs transplanted to pseudopregnant mice uteruses implanted, induced decidualization, and exhibited growth and development before resorption, demonstrating that iBLCs are implantation competent. iBLC precursor intermediates required the transcription factor Prdm14 and concomitantly activated the totipotency-related cleavage-stage MERVL reporter and 2C genes. Thus, our system may contribute to the understanding of molecular mechanisms underpinning totipotency, embryogenesis, and implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody Kime
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Lab of Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ohtsuka
- Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Eiko Kohbayashi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Michio Asahi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamanaka
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masayo Takahashi
- Lab of Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kiichiro Tomoda
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka 569-8686, Japan.
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32
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Li Q, Pan Y, He H, Hu X, Zhao T, Jiang J, Cui Y, Xu G, Wang L, He J, Fan J, Yu S. DNA methylation regulated by ascorbic acids in yak preimplantation embryo helps to improve blastocyst quality. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:1138-1148. [PMID: 31276259 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation as an important, essential epigenetic modification is critical for the successful development of mammalian embryos. In recent years, the important role of ascorbic acid (AA) as an irreplaceable cofactor for epigenetic regulation has been confirmed. However, the effect of AA on DNA methylation in preimplantation embryo development of plateau yak remains unknown. In this study, we explored whether AA can help regulates DNA methylation in yak preimplantation embryos to improve the blastocyst quality. First, our results indicate that the preimplantation of the yak still follows the classical pattern of DNA demethylation and remethylation, however, remethylation occurs in the blastocyst stage. Second, the unique expression pattern of the ten-eleven translocation enzyme (TET3) in the cytoplasm plays a key role in the demethylation mechanism. Third, in the blastocyst stage, the pluripotency gene CDX2 promoter region was in a hypomethylated state, and the POU5F1, SOX2, and NANOG promoter regions were in moderate methylation states. In addition, treatment with 50 μg/ml AA mainly improved the expression levels of DNMT1, DNMT3a, and TET3, ensured the establishment, maintenance and transition of 5-methylcytosine. After AA treatment, the methylation level of the pluripotency genes NANOG promoter regions was significantly reduced, and the mRNA transcript abundance of the pluripotency genes NANOG, POU5F1, and CDX2 was upregulated. In conclusion, our findings suggest that AA could increase blastocyst cell numbers by regulating DNA methylation of yak preimplantation embryos .
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yangyang Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Honghong He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xuequan Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Tian Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jiaying Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yan Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Gengquan Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Libin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Junfeng He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jiangfeng Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Sijiu Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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West JD, Tang PC, Everett CA, MacKay GE, Flockhart JH, Keighren MA. Re-evaluation of the causes of variation among mouse aggregation chimaeras. Biol Open 2019; 8:8/5/bio042804. [PMID: 31147312 PMCID: PMC6550066 DOI: 10.1242/bio.042804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition of adult mouse aggregation chimaeras is much more variable than X-inactivation mosaics. An early theoretical model proposed that almost all the extra variation in chimaeras arises, before X-inactivation occurs, by spatially constrained, geometrical allocation of inner cell mass (ICM) cells to the epiblast and primitive endoderm (PrE). However, this is inconsistent with more recent embryological evidence. Analysis of published results for chimaeric blastocysts and mid-gestation chimaeras suggested that some variation exists among chimaeric morulae and more variation arises both when morula cells are allocated to the ICM versus the trophectoderm (TE) and when ICM cells are allocated to the epiblast versus the PrE. Computer simulation results were also consistent with the conclusion that stochastic allocation of cells to blastocyst lineages in two steps, without the type of geometrical sampling that was originally proposed, could cause a wide variation in chimaeric epiblast composition. Later allocation events will cause additional variation among both chimaeras and X-inactivation mosaics. We also suggest that previously published U-shaped frequency distributions for chimaeric placenta composition might be explained by how TE cells are allocated to the polar TE and/or the subsequent movement of cells from polar TE to mural TE.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D West
- Genes and Development Group, Centre for Integrative Physiology, Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Pin-Chi Tang
- Genes and Development Group, Centre for Integrative Physiology, Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Clare A Everett
- Genes and Development Group, Centre for Integrative Physiology, Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Gillian E MacKay
- Genes and Development Group, Centre for Integrative Physiology, Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Jean H Flockhart
- Genes and Development Group, Centre for Integrative Physiology, Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Margaret A Keighren
- Genes and Development Group, Centre for Integrative Physiology, Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
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Sybirna A, Wong FCK, Surani MA. Genetic basis for primordial germ cells specification in mouse and human: Conserved and divergent roles of PRDM and SOX transcription factors. Curr Top Dev Biol 2019; 135:35-89. [PMID: 31155363 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are embryonic precursors of sperm and egg that pass on genetic and epigenetic information from one generation to the next. In mammals, they are induced from a subset of cells in peri-implantation epiblast by BMP signaling from the surrounding tissues. PGCs then initiate a unique developmental program that involves comprehensive epigenetic resetting and repression of somatic genes. This is orchestrated by a set of signaling molecules and transcription factors that promote germ cell identity. Here we review significant findings on mammalian PGC biology, in particular, the genetic basis for PGC specification in mice and human, which has revealed an evolutionary divergence between the two species. We discuss the importance and potential basis for these differences and focus on several examples to illustrate the conserved and divergent roles of critical transcription factors in mouse and human germline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Sybirna
- Wellcome Trust Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Physiology, Development and Neuroscience Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Frederick C K Wong
- Wellcome Trust Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Physiology, Development and Neuroscience Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M Azim Surani
- Wellcome Trust Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Physiology, Development and Neuroscience Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Yang J, Ryan DJ, Lan G, Zou X, Liu P. In vitro establishment of expanded-potential stem cells from mouse pre-implantation embryos or embryonic stem cells. Nat Protoc 2019; 14:350-378. [PMID: 30617351 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-018-0096-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Molecular and embryology studies have demonstrated that mouse pre-implantation embryo development is a process of progressive cell fate determination. At the time of implantation, three cell lineages are present in the developing blastocyst: the trophectoderm (TE), the epiblast (Epi) and the primitive endoderm (PrE). From these early embryo cells, trophoblast stem (TS) cells, embryonic stem (ES) cells and extra-embryonic endoderm stem (XEN) cells can be derived. Recently, we derived stem cells with blastomere-like features from mouse cleavage-stage embryos, which we named expanded-potential stem cells (EPSCs). Here, we provide detailed protocols that describe how to establish EPSCs from single eight-cell-stage blastomeres or whole eight-cell pre-implantation mouse embryos, or by conversion of mouse ES cells or induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells reprogrammed from fibroblasts. It takes 2-3 weeks to derive EPSCs from each cell source. The EPSCs derived from these protocols can differentiate into all embryonic and extra-embryonic lineages when implanted into chimeras. Furthermore, bona fide TS and XEN cell lines can be derived from EPSCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
| | | | - Guocheng Lan
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiangang Zou
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pentao Liu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK. .,Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Filimonow K, Saiz N, Suwińska A, Wyszomirski T, Grabarek JB, Ferretti E, Piliszek A, Plusa B, Maleszewski M. No evidence of involvement of E-cadherin in cell fate specification or the segregation of Epi and PrE in mouse blastocysts. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212109. [PMID: 30735538 PMCID: PMC6368326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During preimplantation mouse development stages, emerging pluripotent epiblast (Epi) and extraembryonic primitive endoderm (PrE) cells are first distributed in the blastocyst in a "salt-and-pepper" manner before they segregate into separate layers. As a result of segregation, PrE cells become localised on the surface of the inner cell mass (ICM), and the Epi is enclosed by the PrE on one side and by the trophectoderm on the other. During later development, a subpopulation of PrE cells migrates away from the ICM and forms the parietal endoderm (PE), while cells remaining in contact with the Epi form the visceral endoderm (VE). Here, we asked: what are the mechanisms mediating Epi and PrE cell segregation and the subsequent VE vs PE specification? Differences in cell adhesion have been proposed; however, we demonstrate that the levels of plasma membrane-bound E-cadherin (CDH1, cadherin 1) in Epi and PrE cells only differ after the segregation of these lineages within the ICM. Moreover, manipulating E-cadherin levels did not affect lineage specification or segregation, thus failing to confirm its role during these processes. Rather, we report changes in E-cadherin localisation during later PrE-to-PE transition which are accompanied by the presence of Vimentin and Twist, supporting the hypothesis that an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition process occurs in the mouse peri-implantation blastocyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Filimonow
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, The University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa, Warsaw, Poland
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Experimental Embryology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36a, Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Nestor Saiz
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Aneta Suwińska
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, The University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wyszomirski
- Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, The University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna B. Grabarek
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabetta Ferretti
- The Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Anna Piliszek
- Department of Experimental Embryology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36a, Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Berenika Plusa
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (MM); (BP)
| | - Marek Maleszewski
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, The University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail: (MM); (BP)
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Yu M, Wei Y, Xu K, Liu S, Ma L, Pei Y, Hu Y, Liu Z, Zhang X, Wang B, Mu Y, Li K. EGFR deficiency leads to impaired self-renewal and pluripotency of mouse embryonic stem cells. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6314. [PMID: 30713819 PMCID: PMC6357870 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Self-renewal and pluripotency are considered as unwavering features of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). How ESCs regulate the self-renewal and differentiation is a central question in development and regenerative medicine research. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was identified as a critical regulator in embryonic development, but its role in the maintenance of ESCs is poorly understood. Methods Here, EGFR was disrupted by its specific inhibitor AG1478 in mouse ESCs (mESCs), and its self-renewal and pluripotency were characterized according to their proliferation, expression of pluripotency markers, embryoid body (EB) formation, and mRNA expression patterns. We also used another EGFR inhibitor (gefitinib) and RNA interference assay to rule out the possibility of non-specific effects of AG1478. Results EGFR inhibition by AG1478 treatment in mESCs markedly reduced cell proliferation, caused cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase, and altered protein expressions of the cell cycle regulatory genes (CDK2 (decreased 11.3%) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (decreased 25.2%)). The immunoreactivities and protein expression of pluripotency factors (OCT4 (decreased 26.9%)) also dramatically decreased, while the differentiation related genes (GATA4 (increased 1.6-fold)) were up-regulated in mESCs after EGFR inhibition. Meanwhile, EGFR inhibition in mESCs disrupted EB formation, indicating its impaired pluripotency. Additionally, the effects observed by EGFR inhibition with another inhibitor gefitinib and siRNA were consistent with those observed by AG1478 treatment in mESCs. These effects were manifested in the decreased expression of proliferative and pluripotency-related genes and the increased expression of genes involved in differentiation. Moreover, RNA-seq analysis displayed that transcript profiling was changed significantly after EGFR inhibition by AG1478. A large number of differentially expressed genes were involved in cell cycle, apoptotic process, epigenetic modification, and metabolic process, which were related to self-renewal and pluripotency, confirming that EGFR deficiency impaired self-renewal and pluripotency in mESCs. Conclusions Taken together, our results demonstrated the importance of EGFR in guarding the stemness of mESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yinghui Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yangli Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bingyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yulian Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Boroviak T, Stirparo GG, Dietmann S, Hernando-Herraez I, Mohammed H, Reik W, Smith A, Sasaki E, Nichols J, Bertone P. Single cell transcriptome analysis of human, marmoset and mouse embryos reveals common and divergent features of preimplantation development. Development 2018; 145:145/21/dev167833. [PMID: 30413530 PMCID: PMC6240320 DOI: 10.1242/dev.167833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mouse embryo is the canonical model for mammalian preimplantation development. Recent advances in single cell profiling allow detailed analysis of embryogenesis in other eutherian species, including human, to distinguish conserved from divergent regulatory programs and signalling pathways in the rodent paradigm. Here, we identify and compare transcriptional features of human, marmoset and mouse embryos by single cell RNA-seq. Zygotic genome activation correlates with the presence of polycomb repressive complexes in all three species, while ribosome biogenesis emerges as a predominant attribute in primate embryos, supporting prolonged translation of maternally deposited RNAs. We find that transposable element expression signatures are species, stage and lineage specific. The pluripotency network in the primate epiblast lacks certain regulators that are operative in mouse, but encompasses WNT components and genes associated with trophoblast specification. Sequential activation of GATA6, SOX17 and GATA4 markers of primitive endoderm identity is conserved in primates. Unexpectedly, OTX2 is also associated with primitive endoderm specification in human and non-human primate blastocysts. Our cross-species analysis demarcates both conserved and primate-specific features of preimplantation development, and underscores the molecular adaptability of early mammalian embryogenesis. Highlighted Article: Analysis of stage-matched, single-cell gene expression data from three mammalian species reveals conserved and primate-specific regulation of early embryogenesis and lineage specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Boroviak
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK.,Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Giuliano G Stirparo
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Sabine Dietmann
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | | | - Hisham Mohammed
- Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Wolf Reik
- Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Austin Smith
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Erika Sasaki
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Department of Applied Developmental Biology, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Jennifer Nichols
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK.,Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Paul Bertone
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
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Duan X, Zhang HL, Wu LL, Liu MY, Pan MH, Ou XH, Sun SC. Involvement of LIMK1/2 in actin assembly during mouse embryo development. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:1381-1389. [PMID: 29943641 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1482138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
LIMKs (LIMK1 and LIMK2) are serine/threonine protein kinases that involve in various cellular activities such as cell migration, morphogenesis and cytokinesis. However, its roles during mammalian early embryo development are still unclear. In the present study, we disrupted LIMK1/2 activity to explore the functions of LIMK1/2 during mouse early embryo development. We found that p-LIMK1/2 mainly located at the cortex of each blastomeres from 2-cell to 8-cell stage, and p-LIMK1/2 also expressed at morula and blastocyst stage in mouse embryos. Inhibition of LIMK1/2 activity by LIMKi 3 (BMS-5) at the zygote stage caused the failure of embryo early cleavage, and the disruption of LIMK1/2 activity at 8-cell stage caused the defects of embryo compaction and blastocyst formation. Fluorescence staining and intensity analysis results demonstrated that the inhibition of LIMK1/2 activity caused aberrant cortex actin expression and the decrease of phosphorylated cofilin in mouse embryos. Taken together, we identified LIMK1/2 as an important regulator for cofilin phosphorylation and actin assembly during mouse early embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Duan
- a College of Animal Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Hao-Lin Zhang
- a College of Animal Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Lan-Lan Wu
- a College of Animal Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Meng-Yao Liu
- a College of Animal Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Meng-Hao Pan
- a College of Animal Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Xiang-Hong Ou
- b Fertility Preservation Lab, Reproductive Medicine Center , Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital , Guangzhou , China
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- a College of Animal Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
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White MD, Zenker J, Bissiere S, Plachta N. Instructions for Assembling the Early Mammalian Embryo. Dev Cell 2018; 45:667-679. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Somoskői B, Kovács M, Cseh S. Effects of T-2 and Fumonisin B1 combined treatment on in vitro mouse embryo development and blastocyst quality. Toxicol Ind Health 2018; 34:353-360. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233718764039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In the temperate region, most common mycotoxins are members of fusariotoxins. It often happens that food and forage are contaminated with two or more fusariotoxins at the same time. Effects of co-contamination are poorly documented, especially in the field of reproduction. The aim of our study was to assess the combined effect of the two common fusariotoxins, T-2 toxin (T-2) and Fumonisin B1 on early mouse embryo development in vitro. Embryo culture media contained either (1) 0.5 ng/ml T-2; 1, 2, or 10 ng/ml FB1 (group A, B, and C, respectively); or (2) 0.5 ng/ml T-2 and 1, 2, or 10 ng/ml FB1 (group TA, TB, and TC, respectively). Developmental rate, blastocoel expansion, cell number, and micronucleus rate were measured following 96 h culture. Although the developmental rate was similar to the control group (86.43% vs. 83.33, 78.79, 85.98, and 86.67%, respectively) in the case of single toxin treatments, the combined treatments induced significant decreases (14.5, 33.6, and 22.8% in TA, TB, and TC, respectively). The proportion of late blastocysts was lower in all treatments compared to control (83.6% vs. 0–83.6%). Combined treatment resulted in a significantly lower proportion of late blastocysts (25% in TA and 0% in TB and TC). Cell numbers decreased in all toxin-treated groups with a higher rate after combined treatments. No differences were detected in the micronucleus rate in the single or combined treatments compared to control. Our study shows that T-2 and FB1 toxins do not necessarily decrease the developmental rate, but co-contamination results in a significantly lower blastocyst rate and disturbs the blastocoel expansion as well. One possible explanation of this observation could be that the presence of two mycotoxins in the culture media intensifies their negative effects. All toxin treatments decreased the cell number in the blastocysts and this negative effect was more expressed after combined treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence Somoskői
- Department and Clinic of Obstetrics and Reproduction, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Melinda Kovács
- MTA-KE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Team, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Sándor Cseh
- Department and Clinic of Obstetrics and Reproduction, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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Jiang X, An W, Yang X, Lin J, Ma S, Wang D, Tang S. Asymmetric distribution of CRUMBS polarity complex proteins from compacted 8-cell to blastocyst stage during mouse preimplantation development. Gene Expr Patterns 2017; 27:93-98. [PMID: 29155075 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
During mouse preimplantation development, blastomeres are equipotent until polarity establishment at compacted 8-cell stage. The intrinsic nature of polarity is the asymmetric distribution of polarity proteins between inside and outside blastomeres along the direction of apical-basal axis. This study investigated the early developmental temporal and spatial expression of the main CRUMBS polarity complex proteins in the mouse preimplantation embryo. We observed that Crb3, Pals1, Patj and Mpdz are transcribed in the mouse preimplantation embryo. However, the asymmetric distribution of these polarity proteins is not established until the compacted 8-cell stage. From compaction and thereafter, CRB3 and PALS1 are progressively enriched in the apical membrane, while PATJ and MPDZ are discretely localized at both tight junctions and the apical membrane adjacent to tight junctions. These temporal and spatial distribution patterns suggest that CRUMBS polarity complex might be involved in the cell polarity establishment in the early mouse embryo and reinforce the viewpoint that developmentally spatial asymmetries are first set up at the compaction stage. The present study provides a foundation for further investigation on the functions of CRUMBS polarity complex in trophectoderm specification and blastocyst morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Jiang
- Laboratory of Animal Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China
| | - Wenzhong An
- Laboratory of Animal Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Laboratory of Animal Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China
| | - Jieye Lin
- Laboratory of Animal Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China
| | - Shiliang Ma
- Laboratory of Animal Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China
| | - Dajia Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
| | - Shuang Tang
- Laboratory of Animal Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China.
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Piliszek A, Madeja ZE, Plusa B. Suppression of ERK signalling abolishes primitive endoderm formation but does not promote pluripotency in rabbit embryo. Development 2017; 144:3719-3730. [PMID: 28935706 PMCID: PMC5675450 DOI: 10.1242/dev.156406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Formation of epiblast (EPI) – the founder line of all embryonic lineages – and extra-embryonic supportive tissues is one of the key events in mammalian development. The prevailing model of early mammalian development is based almost exclusively on the mouse. Here, we provide a comprehensive, stage-by-stage analysis of EPI and extra-embryonic primitive endoderm (PrE) formation during preimplantation development of the rabbit. Although we observed that rabbit embryos have several features in common with mouse embryos, including a stage-related initiation of lineage specification, our results demonstrate the existence of some key differences in lineage specification among mammals. Contrary to the current view, our data suggest that reciprocal repression of GATA6 and NANOG is not fundamental for the initial stages of PrE versus EPI specification in mammals. Furthermore, our results provide insight into the observed discrepancies relating to the role of FGF/ERK signalling in PrE versus EPI specification between mouse and other mammals. Highlighted Article: A comprehensive analysis of rabbit preimplantation development reveals key differences between rabbit and mouse, with some aspects of lineage specification in rabbit more closely resembling that of human and primate embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Piliszek
- Department of Experimental Embryology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36a, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Zofia E Madeja
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 33, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Berenika Plusa
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Orsztynowicz M, Lechniak D, Pawlak P, Kociucka B, Kubickova S, Cernohorska H, Madeja ZE. Changes in chromosome territory position within the nucleus reflect alternations in gene expression related to embryonic lineage specification. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182398. [PMID: 28767705 PMCID: PMC5540545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of totipotentcy in an early embryo is directed by molecular processes responsible for cell fate decisions. Three dimensional genome organisation is an important factor linking chromatin architecture with stage specific gene expression patterns. Little is known about the role of chromosome organisation in gene expression regulation of lineage specific factors in mammalian embryos. Using bovine embryos as a model we have described these interactions at key developmental stages. Three bovine chromosomes (BTA) that differ in size, number of carried genes, and contain loci for key lineage regulators OCT4, NANOG and CDX2, were investigated. The results suggest that large chromosomes regardless of their gene density (BTA12 gene-poor, BTA5 gene-rich) do not significantly change their radial position within the nucleus. Gene loci however, may change its position within the chromosome territory (CT) and relocate its periphery, when stage specific process of gene activation is required. Trophectoderm specific CDX2 and epiblast precursor NANOG loci tend to locate on the surface or outside of the CTs, at stages related with their high expression. We postulate that the observed changes in CT shape reflect global alternations in gene expression related to differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Orsztynowicz
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dorota Lechniak
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Pawlak
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Beata Kociucka
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | | | - Zofia Eliza Madeja
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- * E-mail:
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Forceful patterning in mouse preimplantation embryos. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 71:129-136. [PMID: 28577924 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The generation of a functional organism from a single, fertilized ovum requires the spatially coordinated regulation of diverse cell identities. The establishment and precise arrangement of differentiated cells in developing embryos has, historically, been extensively studied by geneticists and developmental biologists. While chemical gradients and genetic regulatory networks are widely acknowledged to play significant roles in embryo patterning, recent studies have highlighted that mechanical forces generated by, and exerted on, embryos are also crucial for the proper control of cell differentiation and morphogenesis. Here we review the most recent findings in murine preimplantation embryogenesis on the roles of cortical tension in the coupling of cell-fate determination and cell positioning in 8-16-cell-stage embryos. These basic principles of mechanochemical coupling in mouse embryos can be applied to other pattern formation phenomena that rely on localized modifications of cell polarity proteins and actin cytoskeletal components and activities.
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Chen T, You Y, Jiang H, Wang ZZ. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT): A biological process in the development, stem cell differentiation, and tumorigenesis. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:3261-3272. [PMID: 28079253 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The lineage transition between epithelium and mesenchyme is a process known as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), by which polarized epithelial cells lose their adhesion property and obtain mesenchymal cell phenotypes. EMT is a biological process that is often involved in embryogenesis and diseases, such as cancer invasion and metastasis. The EMT and the reverse process, mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET), also play important roles in stem cell differentiation and de-differentiation (or reprogramming). In this review, we will discuss current research progress of EMT in embryonic development, cellular differentiation and reprogramming, and cancer progression, all of which are representative models for researches of stem cell biology in normal and in diseases. Understanding of EMT and MET may help to identify specific markers to distinguish normal stem cells from cancer stem cells in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- Department of Hematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan You
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zack Z Wang
- Division of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Asynchronous fate decisions by single cells collectively ensure consistent lineage composition in the mouse blastocyst. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13463. [PMID: 27857135 PMCID: PMC5120222 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Intercellular communication is essential to coordinate the behaviour of individual cells during organismal development. The preimplantation mammalian embryo is a paradigm of tissue self-organization and regulative development; however, the cellular basis of these regulative abilities has not been established. Here we use a quantitative image analysis pipeline to undertake a high-resolution, single-cell level analysis of lineage specification in the inner cell mass (ICM) of the mouse blastocyst. We show that a consistent ratio of epiblast and primitive endoderm lineages is achieved through incremental allocation of cells from a common progenitor pool, and that the lineage composition of the ICM is conserved regardless of its size. Furthermore, timed modulation of the FGF-MAPK pathway shows that individual progenitors commit to either fate asynchronously during blastocyst development. These data indicate that such incremental lineage allocation provides the basis for a tissue size control mechanism that ensures the generation of lineages of appropriate size. Early embryonic cell fate and lineage specification is tightly regulated in the preimplantation mammalian embryo. Here, the authors quantitatively examine the ratio of epiblast to primitive endoderm lineages in the blastocyst and show composition of the inner cell mass is conserved, independent of its size.
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Molecular Control of Atypical Protein Kinase C: Tipping the Balance between Self-Renewal and Differentiation. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:1455-64. [PMID: 26992354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Complex organisms are faced with the challenge of generating and maintaining diverse cell types, ranging from simple epithelia to neurons and motile immune cells [1-3]. To meet this challenge, a complex set of regulatory pathways controls nearly every aspect of cell growth and function, including genetic and epigenetic programming, cytoskeleton dynamics, and protein trafficking. The far reach of cell fate specification pathways makes it particularly catastrophic when they malfunction, both during development and for tissue homeostasis in adult organisms. Furthermore, the therapeutic promise of stem cells derives from their ability to deftly navigate the multitude of pathways that control cell fate [4]. How the molecular components making up these pathways function to specify cell fate is beginning to become clear. Work from diverse systems suggests that the atypical Protein Kinase C (aPKC) is a key regulator of cell fate decisions in metazoans [5-7]. Here, we examine some of the diverse physiological outcomes of aPKC's function in differentiation, along with the molecular pathways that control aPKC and those that are responsive to changes in its catalytic activity.
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Saiz N, Kang M, Schrode N, Lou X, Hadjantonakis AK. Quantitative Analysis of Protein Expression to Study Lineage Specification in Mouse Preimplantation Embryos. J Vis Exp 2016:53654. [PMID: 26967230 DOI: 10.3791/53654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This protocol presents a method to perform quantitative, single-cell in situ analyses of protein expression to study lineage specification in mouse preimplantation embryos. The procedures necessary for embryo collection, immunofluorescence, imaging on a confocal microscope, and image segmentation and analysis are described. This method allows quantitation of the expression of multiple nuclear markers and the spatial (XYZ) coordinates of all cells in the embryo. It takes advantage of MINS, an image segmentation software tool specifically developed for the analysis of confocal images of preimplantation embryos and embryonic stem cell (ESC) colonies. MINS carries out unsupervised nuclear segmentation across the X, Y and Z dimensions, and produces information on cell position in three-dimensional space, as well as nuclear fluorescence levels for all channels with minimal user input. While this protocol has been optimized for the analysis of images of preimplantation stage mouse embryos, it can easily be adapted to the analysis of any other samples exhibiting a good signal-to-noise ratio and where high nuclear density poses a hurdle to image segmentation (e.g., expression analysis of embryonic stem cell (ESC) colonies, differentiating cells in culture, embryos of other species or stages, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nestor Saiz
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute
| | - Minjung Kang
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute
| | - Nadine Schrode
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute
| | - Xinghua Lou
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute
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50
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Prudhomme J, Morey C. Epigenesis and plasticity of mouse trophoblast stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:757-74. [PMID: 26542801 PMCID: PMC11108370 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The critical role of the placenta in supporting a healthy pregnancy is mostly ensured by the extraembryonic trophoblast lineage that acts as the interface between the maternal and the foetal compartments. The diverse trophoblast cell subtypes that form the placenta originate from a single layer of stem cells that emerge from the embryo when the earliest cell fate decisions are occurring. Recent studies show that these trophoblast stem cells exhibit extensive plasticity as they are capable of differentiating down multiple pathways and are easily converted into embryonic stem cells in vitro. In this review, we discuss current knowledge of the mechanisms and control of the epigenesis of mouse trophoblast stem cells through a comparison with the corresponding mechanisms in pluripotent embryonic stem cells. To illustrate some of the more striking manifestations of the epigenetic plasticity of mouse trophoblast stem cells, we discuss them within the context of two paradigms of epigenetic regulation of gene expression: the imprinted gene expression of specific loci and the process of X-chromosome inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Prudhomme
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire Murine, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Céline Morey
- CNRS, UMR7216 Epigenetics and Cell Fate, 75013, Paris, France.
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