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Khorami-Sarvestani S, Vanaki N, Shojaeian S, Zarnani K, Stensballe A, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Zarnani AH. Placenta: an old organ with new functions. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1385762. [PMID: 38707901 PMCID: PMC11066266 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1385762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The transition from oviparity to viviparity and the establishment of feto-maternal communications introduced the placenta as the major anatomical site to provide nutrients, gases, and hormones to the developing fetus. The placenta has endocrine functions, orchestrates maternal adaptations to pregnancy at different periods of pregnancy, and acts as a selective barrier to minimize exposure of developing fetus to xenobiotics, pathogens, and parasites. Despite the fact that this ancient organ is central for establishment of a normal pregnancy in eutherians, the placenta remains one of the least studied organs. The first step of pregnancy, embryo implantation, is finely regulated by the trophoectoderm, the precursor of all trophoblast cells. There is a bidirectional communication between placenta and endometrium leading to decidualization, a critical step for maintenance of pregnancy. There are three-direction interactions between the placenta, maternal immune cells, and the endometrium for adaptation of endometrial immune system to the allogeneic fetus. While 65% of all systemically expressed human proteins have been found in the placenta tissues, it expresses numerous placenta-specific proteins, whose expression are dramatically changed in gestational diseases and could serve as biomarkers for early detection of gestational diseases. Surprisingly, placentation and carcinogenesis exhibit numerous shared features in metabolism and cell behavior, proteins and molecular signatures, signaling pathways, and tissue microenvironment, which proposes the concept of "cancer as ectopic trophoblastic cells". By extensive researches in this novel field, a handful of cancer biomarkers has been discovered. This review paper, which has been inspired in part by our extensive experiences during the past couple of years, highlights new aspects of placental functions with emphasis on its immunomodulatory role in establishment of a successful pregnancy and on a potential link between placentation and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Khorami-Sarvestani
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Vanaki
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sorour Shojaeian
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Kayhan Zarnani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Allan Stensballe
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mahmood Jeddi-Tehrani
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir-Hassan Zarnani
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Fang Z, Mao J, Huang J, Sun H, Lu X, Lei H, Dong J, Chen S, Wang X. Increased levels of villus-derived exosomal miR-29a-3p in normal pregnancy than uRPL patients suppresses decidual NK cell production of interferon-γ and exerts a therapeutic effect in abortion-prone mice. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:230. [PMID: 38627796 PMCID: PMC11022359 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01610-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) patients have higher absolute numbers of decidual natural killer (dNK) cells with elevated intracellular IFN-γ levels leading to a pro-inflammatory cytokine milieu, which contributes to RPL pathogenesis. The main objective of this study was twofold: first to explore the regulatory effects and mechanisms of villus-derived exosomes (vEXOs) from induced abortion patients or RPL patients at the level of intracellular IFN-γ in dNK cells; second to determine the validity of application of vEXOs in the treatment of unexplained RPL (uRPL) through in vitro experiments and mouse models. METHODS Exosomes were isolated from villus explants by ultracentrifugation, co-cultured with dNK cells, and purified by enzymatic digestion and magnetically activated cell sorting. Flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and RT-qPCR were used to determine IFN-γ levels. Comparative miRNA analysis of vEXOs from induced abortion (IA) and uRPL patients was used to screen potential candidates involved in dNK regulation, which was further confirmed by luciferase reporter assays. IA-vEXOs were electroporated with therapeutic miRNAs and encapsulated in a China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA)-approved hyaluronate gel (HA-Gel), which has been used as a clinical biomaterial in cell therapy for > 30 years. In vivo tracking was performed using 1,1-dioctadecyl-3,3,3,3-tetramethylindotricarbocyaine iodide (DiR) labelling. Tail-vein and uterine horn injections were used to evaluate therapeutic effects of the engineered exosomes in an abortion-prone mouse model (CBA/J × DBA/2 J). Placental growth was evaluated based on placental weight. IFN-γ mRNA levels in mouse placentas were measured by RT-qPCR. RESULTS IFN-γ levels were significantly higher in dNK cells of uRPL patients than in IA patients. Both uRPL-vEXOs and IA-vEXOs could be efficiently internalized by dNK cells, whereas uRPL-vEXOs could not reduce the expression of IFN-γ by dNK cells as much as IA-vEXOs. Mechanistically, miR-29a-3p was delivered by vEXOs to inhibit IFN-γ production by binding to the 3' UTR of IFN-γ mRNA in dNK cells. For in vivo treatment, application of the HA-Gel effectively prolonged the residence time of vEXOs in the uterine cavity via sustained release. Engineered vEXOs loaded with miR-29a-3p reduced the embryo resorption rate in RPL mice with no signs of systemic toxicity. CONCLUSION Our study provides the first evidence that villi can regulate dNK cell production of IFN-γ via exosome-mediated transfer of miR-29a-3p, which deepens our understanding of maternal-fetal immune tolerance for pregnancy maintenance. Based on this, we developed a new strategy to mix engineered vEXOs with HA-Gel, which exhibited good therapeutic effects in mice with uRPL and could be used for potential clinical applications in uRPL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Fang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiaqin Mao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jialyu Huang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Huijun Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xueyan Lu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Lei
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuqiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Yin T, Li X, Li Y, Zang X, Liu L, Du M. Macrophage plasticity and function in cancer and pregnancy. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1333549. [PMID: 38274812 PMCID: PMC10808357 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1333549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
As the soil of life, the composition and shaping process of the immune microenvironment of the uterus is worth exploring. Macrophages, indispensable constituents of the innate immune system, are essential mediators of inflammation and tissue remodeling as well. Recent insights into the heterogeneity of macrophage subpopulations have renewed interest in their functional diversity in both physiological and pathological settings. Macrophages display remarkable plasticity and switch from one phenotype to another. Intrinsic plasticity enables tissue macrophages to perform a variety of functions in response to changing tissue contexts, such as cancer and pregnancy. The remarkable diversity and plasticity make macrophages particularly intriguing cells given their dichotomous role in either attacking or protecting tumors and semi-allogeneic fetuses, which of both are characterized functionally by immunomodulation and neovascularization. Here, we reviewed and compared novel perspectives on macrophage biology of these two settings, including origin, phenotype, differentiation, and essential roles in corresponding microenvironments, as informed by recent studies on the heterogeneity of macrophage identity and function, as well as their mechanisms that might offer opportunities for new therapeutic strategies on malignancy and pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingxuan Yin
- Lab of Reproduction Immunology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Lab of Reproduction Immunology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Lab of Reproduction Immunology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingxing Zang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Lu Liu
- Lab of Reproduction Immunology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Meirong Du
- Lab of Reproduction Immunology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
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Huang SQ, Xia L, Xia YQ, Huang HL, Dong L. Icaritin attenuates recurrent spontaneous abortion in mice by modulating Treg/Th17 imbalance via TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119574. [PMID: 37689142 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is a challenging global issue. Although the cause is unknown, increasing evidence suggests that immunological factors play a crucial role in RSA development. Icaritin (ICT), a natural compound derived from Epimedium, has demonstrated diverse biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and immunomodulatory effects. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic role of ICT in mitigating RSA in a mouse model. Specifically, we sought to determine whether ICT could modulate the Treg/Th17 cell imbalance via the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway and contributed to improved pregnancy outcomes. We conducted experiments on a mouse model with RSA and administered ICT orally. We then examined the effects of ICT on various types of immune cells including Treg and Th17 cells, and assessed the pregnancy outcomes. We also investigated the potential signaling pathway ICT exerted its effects. Our findings revealed that treatment with ICT led to an increase in Treg cells and a decrease in Th17 cells, which restored immune homeostasis and contributed to improved pregnancy outcomes. Furthermore, our data demonstrated that ICT's effects were mediated through the activation of TGF-β/SMAD signaling components. In conclusion, our study suggested that ICT ameliorated RSA by modulating Treg/Th17 cell imbalance via the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: Our results highlighted the potential of ICT as a novel therapeutic agent for RSA, offering new insights into the underlying mechanisms and opening avenues for future research and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Qing Huang
- Department of Gynecology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Lei Xia
- College of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan-Qiu Xia
- Department of Gynecology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Hong-Li Huang
- Department of Gynecology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China.
| | - Li Dong
- Department of Gynecology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China.
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Zhao X, Hu Y, Xiao W, Ma Y, Shen D, Jiang Y, Shen Y, Wang S, Ma J. Efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cells in the treatment of unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion in mice: An analytical and systematic review of meta-analyses. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294855. [PMID: 38011163 PMCID: PMC10681256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) remains an intractable reproductive dilemma due to the lack of understanding of the pathogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate the preclinical evidence for the mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) treatment for URSA. METHODS A meticulous literature search was independently performed by two authors across the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and PubMed databases from inception to April 9, 2023. Each study incorporated was assessed using the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) risk of bias tool. The amalgamated standardized mean difference (SMD) accompanied by 95% confidence interval (CI) were deduced through a fixed-effects or random-effects model analysis. RESULTS A total of ten studies incorporating 140 mice were subjected to data analysis. The MSC treatment yielded a significant reduction in the abortion rate within the URSA model (OR = 0.23, 95%CI [0.17, 0.3], P<0.00001). Moreover, it elicited a positive modulatory impact on the expression profiles of several inflammatory cytokines in the decidual tissue of URSA murine models, inclusive of IL4 (SMD 1.63, 95% CI [0.39, 2.86], P = 0.01), IL10 (SMD 1.60, 95% CI [0.58, 2.61], P = 0.002), IFN-γ (SMD -1.66, 95%CI [-2.79, -0.52], P = 0.004), and TNF-α (SMD -1.98, 95% CI [-2.93, -1.04], P< 0.0001). Subgroup analyses underscored that the administration mode of intraperitoneal and uterine horn injections, and sources of bone MSCs and adipose-derived MSCs contributed positively to the expression of IL4, IL10, and decreased the expression of IFN-γ in decidual tissue of URSA (P<0.05). Conversely, the tail vein injections subgroup was observed with no statistical significance (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The findings underscore the considerable potential of MSCs in URSA therapy. Nonetheless, the demand for enhanced transparency in research design and direct comparisons between various MSC sources and administration routes in URSA is paramount to engendering robust evidence that could pave the way for successful clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Gynecology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Yijie Hu
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Wenjun Xiao
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yiming Ma
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Dan Shen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Gynecology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Yuepeng Jiang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Gynecology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Suxia Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Gynecology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Gynecology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310007, China
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Lewis EL, Reichenberger ER, Anton L, Gonzalez MV, Taylor DM, Porrett PM, Elovitz MA. Regulatory T cell adoptive transfer alters uterine immune populations, increasing a novel MHC-II low macrophage associated with healthy pregnancy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1256453. [PMID: 37901247 PMCID: PMC10611509 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1256453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD) - fetal loss after 20 weeks - affects 6 pregnancies per 1,000 live births in the United States, and the majority are of unknown etiology. Maternal systemic regulatory T cell (Treg) deficits have been implicated in fetal loss, but whether mucosal immune cells at the maternal-fetal interface contribute to fetal loss is under-explored. We hypothesized that the immune cell composition and function of the uterine mucosa would contribute to the pathogenesis of IUFD. To investigate local immune mechanisms of IUFD, we used the CBA mouse strain, which naturally has mid-late gestation fetal loss. We performed a Treg adoptive transfer and interrogated both pregnancy outcomes and the impact of systemic maternal Tregs on mucosal immune populations at the maternal-fetal interface. Treg transfer prevented fetal loss and increased an MHC-IIlow population of uterine macrophages. Single-cell RNA-sequencing was utilized to precisely evaluate the impact of systemic Tregs on uterine myeloid populations. A population of C1q+, Trem2+, MHC-IIlow uterine macrophages were increased in Treg-recipient mice. The transcriptional signature of this novel uterine macrophage subtype is enriched in multiple studies of human healthy decidual macrophages, suggesting a conserved role for these macrophages in preventing fetal loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Lewis
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women’s Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Erin R. Reichenberger
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lauren Anton
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women’s Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michael V. Gonzalez
- Center for Cytokine Storm Treatment & Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Deanne M. Taylor
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Paige M. Porrett
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michal A. Elovitz
- Women’s Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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Peng F, Han Z, Chen H, Zhang Q, Liu C, Liang X. The Effects of Treatment with Icariin on Immune Tolerance in the Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion Mice. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:2794-2804. [PMID: 36890410 PMCID: PMC10480255 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01185-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is the most common pregnancy-related complication, affecting 1-5% of pregnancies. Currently, immune imbalance at the maternal-fetal interface is one of the main causes of recurrent abortion. Icariin (ICA) can exert immunomodulatory effects in a variety of autoimmune diseases. Nevertheless, it has not been reported for use in recurrent abortion. In this study, to clarify the effects and mechanisms of ICA for recurrent abortion, female mice CBA/J were randomly divided into Normal group, RSA group and RSA + ICA group. From 0.5 days of pregnancy to 12.5 days, the RSA + ICA group was subjected to orally ICA (50 mg/Kg) daily, and the Normal group and the RSA group were given with an equal volume of distilled water. The results showed the amount of reabsorbed embryo in the RSA group was significantly higher than that in the normal-pregnancy group. However, ICA treatment showed a rescue effect on spontaneous abortion in RSA mice. ICA was able to increase the ratio of the labyrinth to total placental area in abortion-prone model. Further investigation showed that ICA treatment can expand the regulatory T cell (Treg) population in mice prone to abortion, significantly decrease the populations of Th1 cells, and reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory factors. Additionally, ICA treatment was able to decrease the expression of mechanical target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the placenta. ICA may increase Treg cell expansion and reducing pro-inflammatory factors expression via the mTOR pathway, then reducing placental inflammation and improving pregnancy outcomes in abortion-prone mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Peng
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongyu Han
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoran Chen
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinxiu Zhang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Renal Disease Clinical Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Xin Liang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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Shah NK, Xu P, Shan Y, Chen C, Xie M, Li Y, Meng Y, Shu C, Dong S, He J. MDSCs in pregnancy and pregnancy-related complications: an update†. Biol Reprod 2023; 108:382-392. [PMID: 36504233 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal-fetal immune tolerance is a process that involves complex interactions of the immune system, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells have emerged as one of the novel immunomodulator in the maintenance of maternal-fetal immune tolerance. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells are myeloid progenitor cells with immunosuppressive activities on both innate and adaptive cells through various mechanisms. Emerging evidence demonstrates the accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells during healthy pregnancy to establish maternal-fetal immune tolerance, placentation, and fetal-growth process. By contrast, the absence or decreased myeloid-derived suppressor cells in pregnancy complications like preeclampsia, preterm birth, stillbirth, and recurrent spontaneous abortion have been reported. Here, we have summarized the origin, mechanisms, and functions of myeloid-derived suppressor cells during pregnancy along with the recent advancements in this dynamic field. We also shed light on the immunomodulatory activity of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, which can be a foundation for potential therapeutic manipulation in immunological pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Kumari Shah
- Department of Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanhong Shan
- Department of Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Min Xie
- Department of Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yizi Meng
- Department of Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chang Shu
- Department of Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuai Dong
- Department of Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of Ministry of Education, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jin He
- Department of Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of Ministry of Education, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Bonney EA. A Framework for Understanding Maternal Immunity. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2023; 43:e1-e20. [PMID: 37179052 PMCID: PMC10484232 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This is an alternative and controversial framing of the data relevant to maternal immunity. It argues for a departure from classical theory to view, interrogate and interpret existing data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Bonney
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont Robert Larner College of Medicine, Given Building, Room C246, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
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10
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Chang Z, Kuang HX, Zhou X, Zhu H, Zhang Y, Fu Y, Fu Q, Jiang B, Wang W, Jiang S, Ren L, Ma L, Pan X, Feng XL. Temporal changes in cyclinD-CDK4/CDK6 and cyclinE-CDK2 pathways: implications for the mechanism of deficient decidualization in an immune-based mouse model of unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion. Mol Med 2022; 28:100. [PMID: 36050637 PMCID: PMC9438304 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00523-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficient endometrial decidualization has been associated with URSA. However, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the temporal cytokine changes and the involvement of CyclinD-CDK4/6 and CyclinE-CDK2 pathways in the regulation of the G1 phase of the cell cycle during decidualization in a murine model of URSA. METHODS Serum and decidual tissues of mice were collected from GD4 to GD8. The embryo resorption and abortion rates were observed on GD8 and the decidual tissue status was assessed. In addition, PRL, Cyclin D, CDK6, CDK4, Cyclin E, CDK2 expression in mice were measured. RESULTS URSA mice showed high embryo resorption rate and PRL, Cyclin D, Cyclin E CDK2, CDK4, CDK6 down-regulation during decidualization. The hyperactivated Cyclin D-CDK4/CDK6 and cyclin E/CDK2 pathways inhibit the decidualization process and leading to deficient decidualization. CONCLUSION Insufficient decidualization is an important mechanism of URSA. which is related to the decrease of Cyclin D、Cyclin E、 CDK2、CDK4 and CDK6 in decidualization process of URSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xueming Zhou
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yin Fu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bei Jiang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Sha Jiang
- Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, China
| | - Li Ren
- Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Zhaoqing City Guangdong Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Xue Pan
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Feng
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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11
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Ye HX, Liao GN, Dong YJ, Li L, Wang XM, Shu J, Zheng Q, Jia Y. miR-146a-5p enhances embryo survival in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion by promoting M2 polarization of decidual macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:108930. [PMID: 35764020 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) is one of the most challenging conditions in the reproductive field, and macrophage M1/M2 polarization disorder is involved in URSA pathogenesis, although the relevant mechanisms are undefined. miR-146a-5p possesses an immunoregulatory role and is expressed in decidual immune cells, and this study aims to investigate its effect on decidual macrophage polarization and therapeutic prospects in URSA, which has never been reported. The levels of M1/M2 markers in the deciduae and the miR-146a-5p expression in the decidual macrophages of URSA and healthy pregnant women were first detected and analyzed. Then, the in vitro effect of miR-146a-5p on the M1/M2 polarization and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines was investigated in Tamm-Horsfall protein-1 (THP-1)-induced macrophages. Finally, the in vivo immunotherapeutic effect of miR-146a-5p on embryo survival and the potential mechanisms were evaluated in a murine model of immune-based URSA. As a result, the abnormal M1/M2 polarization, which showed a shift towards the M1 phenotype and correlated with the decreased expression of miR-146a-5p, was verified in human URSA decidual macrophages. miR-146a-5p could inhibit M1 polarization, promote M2 polarization, and result in an anti-inflammatory microenvironment in THP-1-induced macrophages. The intravenous injection of exogenous miR-146a-5p in the first trimester of pregnant URSA mice significantly reduced the embryo resorption rate and promoted the M2 polarization of decidual macrophages. In conclusion, miR-146a-5p enhances embryo survival in URSA by promoting decidual macrophage polarization toward an M2 phenotype, giving new ideas and potential targets for subsequent research on the pathogenesis and immunotherapeutic strategies of URSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Ye
- Department of Reproductive Immunology, Chengdu Xi'nan Gynecology Hospital, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China; Department of Reproductive Immunology, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Guang-Neng Liao
- Laboratory Animal Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya-Jun Dong
- Department of Reproductive Immunology, Chengdu Xi'nan Gynecology Hospital, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China; Department of Reproductive Immunology, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Lan Li
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue-Mei Wang
- Department of Reproductive Immunology, Chengdu Xi'nan Gynecology Hospital, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China; Department of Reproductive Immunology, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin Shu
- Department of Gynecology, Chengdu Xi'nan Gynecology Hospital, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Qu Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Xi'nan Gynecology Hospital, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Jia
- Department of Reproductive Immunology, Chengdu Xi'nan Gynecology Hospital, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China; Department of Reproductive Immunology, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China.
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12
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Reed JM, Spinelli P, Falcone S, He M, Goeke CM, Susiarjo M. Evaluating the Effects of BPA and TBBPA Exposure on Pregnancy Loss and Maternal-Fetal Immune Cells in Mice. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:37010. [PMID: 35343813 PMCID: PMC8959013 DOI: 10.1289/ehp10640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure has been linked to miscarriages and pregnancy complications in humans. In contrast, the potential reproductive toxicity of BPA analogs, including tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), is understudied. Furthermore, although environmental exposure has been linked to altered immune mediators, the effects of BPA and TBBPA on maternal-fetal immune tolerance during pregnancy have not been studied. The present study investigated whether exposure resulted in higher rates of pregnancy loss in mice, lower number of regulatory T cells (Tregs), and lower indoleamine 2,3 deoxygenase 1 (Ido1) expression, which provided evidence for mechanisms related to immune tolerance in pregnancy. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this investigation was to characterize the effects of BPA and TBBPA exposure on pregnancy loss in mice and to study the percentage and number of Tregs and Ido1 expression and DNA methylation. METHODS Analysis of fetal resorption and quantification of maternal and fetal immune cells by flow cytometry were performed in allogeneic and syngeneic pregnancies. Ido1 mRNA and protein expression, and DNA methylation in placentas from control and BPA- and TBBPA-exposed mice were analyzed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and bisulfite sequencing analyses. RESULTS BPA and TBBPA exposure resulted in higher rates of hemorrhaging in early allogeneic, but not syngeneic, conceptuses. In allogeneic pregnancies, BPA and TBBPA exposure was associated with higher fetal resorption rates and lower maternal Treg number. Importantly, these differences were associated with lower IDO1 protein expression in trophoblast giant cells and higher mean percentage Ido1 DNA methylation in embryonic day 9.5 placentas from BPA- and TBBPA-exposed mice. DISCUSSION BPA- and TBBPA-induced pregnancy loss in mice was associated with perturbed IDO1-dependent maternal immune tolerance. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10640.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine M. Reed
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Philip Spinelli
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Sierra Falcone
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Miao He
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Calla M. Goeke
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Martha Susiarjo
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
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13
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Tao Y, Li Y, Zhang D, Xu L, Chen J, Sang Y, Piao H, Jing X, Yu M, Fu Q, Zhou S, Li D, Du M. Decidual CXCR4 + CD56 bright NK cells as a novel NK subset in maternal-foetal immune tolerance to alleviate early pregnancy failure. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e540. [PMID: 34709764 PMCID: PMC8516340 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells preferentially accumulate at maternal-foetal interface and are believed to play vital immune-modulatory roles during early pregnancy and related immunological dysfunction may result in pregnant failure such as recurrent miscarriage (RM). However, the mechanisms underlying the establishment of maternal-foetal immunotolerance are complex but clarifying the roles of decidual NK (dNK) cells offers the potential to design immunotherapeutic strategies to assist RM patients. In this report, we analysed RNA sequencing on peripheral NK (pNK) and decidual NK cells during early pregnancy; we identified an immunomodulatory dNK subset CXCR4+ CD56bright dNK and investigated its origin and phenotypic and functional characteristics. CXCR4+ CD56bright dNK displayed a less activated and cytotoxic phenotype but an enhanced immunomodulatory potential relative to the CXCR4 negative subset. CXCR4+ CD56bright dNK promote Th2 shift in an IL-4-dependent manner and can be recruited from peripheral blood and reprogramed by trophoblasts, as an active participant in the establishment of immune-tolerance during early pregnancy. Diminished CXCR4+ dNK cells and their impaired ability to induce Th2 differentiation were found in RM patients and mouse models of spontaneous abortion. Moreover, adoptive transfer of CXCR4+ dNK cells to NK-deficient (Nfil3-/-) mice showed great therapeutic potential of CXCR4+ dNK via recovering the Th2/Th1 bias and reducing embryo resorption rates. The identification of this new dNK cell subset may lay the foundation for understanding NK cell mechanisms in early pregnancy and provide potential prognostic factors for the diagnosis and therapy of RM.
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MESH Headings
- Abortion, Habitual/blood
- Abortion, Habitual/immunology
- Abortion, Habitual/prevention & control
- Animals
- Decidua/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Humans
- Immune Tolerance/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules/blood
- Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
- Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules/immunology
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Trimester, First
- Receptors, CXCR4/blood
- Receptors, CXCR4/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR4/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tao
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of Obstetrics and GynecologyFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghaiChina
- Department of Assisted ReproductionShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yan‐Hong Li
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of Obstetrics and GynecologyFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Di Zhang
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of Obstetrics and GynecologyFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Ling Xu
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of Obstetrics and GynecologyFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Jia‐Jia Chen
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of Obstetrics and GynecologyFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Yi‐Fei Sang
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of Obstetrics and GynecologyFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Hai‐Lan Piao
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of Obstetrics and GynecologyFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Xue‐Ling Jing
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of Obstetrics and GynecologyFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Min Yu
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of Obstetrics and GynecologyFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of ImmunologyBinzhou Medical CollegeYantaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Sheng‐Tao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation CenterChengduPeople's Republic of China
| | - Da‐Jin Li
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of Obstetrics and GynecologyFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Mei‐Rong Du
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of Obstetrics and GynecologyFudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghaiChina
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and School of PharmacyMacau University of Science and TechnologyMacauChina
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14
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Dang Y, Souchet C, Moresi F, Jeljeli M, Raquillet B, Nicco C, Chouzenoux S, Lagoutte I, Marcellin L, Batteux F, Doridot L. BCG-trained innate immunity leads to fetal growth restriction by altering immune cell profile in the mouse developing placenta. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:1009-1020. [PMID: 34533228 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4a0720-458rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Trained immunity is a new concept illustrating that innate immune cells are able to undergo a long-term metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming after infection or vaccination, thus displaying either a pro- or an anti-inflammatory phenotype during a sequential unrelated challenge. Innate immune cells such as natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages constitute a large part of the decidual leukocyte population at the maternal-fetal interface, playing an important role in placental development and as such in fetal growth and development. In this study, we hypothesized that training the innate immune cells before pregnancy could have an impact on pregnancy. To test this hypothesis, we used CBA/J x DBA/2 mouse model to investigate pregnancy outcomes and leukocyte population at the maternal-fetal interface. Although we were not able to show a beneficial effect of LPS-tolerogenic training on fetal resorption, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) training, known to prime innate immune cells to be proinflammatory, led to fetal growth restriction, without aggravating the fetal resorption rate. We also found that BCG training led to less NK cells and macrophages at the maternal-fetal interface at the early stage of placentation (E9.5), associated with a down-regulation of Ccr3 and Lif mRNA expression. This induced altered leucocyte population profile can be an explanation for the subsequent fetal growth restriction. These data suggest that preconceptional infections-induced trained immunity could influence pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipu Dang
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 PARIS, France, Paris, France
| | - Camille Souchet
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 PARIS, France, Paris, France
| | - Fabiana Moresi
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 PARIS, France, Paris, France
| | - Mohamed Jeljeli
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 PARIS, France, Paris, France.,Service d'immunologie Biologique, AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Paris Centre, F-75014 Paris, France, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Raquillet
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 PARIS, France, Paris, France
| | - Carole Nicco
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 PARIS, France, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Chouzenoux
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 PARIS, France, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Lagoutte
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 PARIS, France, Paris, France
| | - Louis Marcellin
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 PARIS, France, Paris, France.,Département de Gynécologie Obstétrique II et Médecine de la Reproduction, AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Paris Centre, F-75014 Paris, France, Paris, France
| | - Frederic Batteux
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 PARIS, France, Paris, France.,Service d'immunologie Biologique, AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Paris Centre, F-75014 Paris, France, Paris, France
| | - Ludivine Doridot
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 PARIS, France, Paris, France
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15
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Mesenchymal stem cells enhance Treg immunosuppressive function at the fetal-maternal interface. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 148:103366. [PMID: 34492568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Well-regulated maternal-fetal immune tolerance is a prerequisite for normal pregnancy. Hyperactivated immune cells and overwhelming inflammatory responses trigger adverse gestation outcome, such as recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). Local exacerbation of immunomodulatory cells in maternal decidua is a critical event, tightly linked with fetus acceptance. Owning to the notable immunoregulatory potentials, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been separately reported as promising therapeutic approaches for refractory RSA attributable to certain immune disorders. However, the cross-talk between MSCs and Tregs at the fetal-maternal interface remains poorly understood. Here we revealed, for the first time, that umbilical MSCs could induce expansion of decidual Foxp3+CD4+ T cells with upregulated production of IL-10 and TGF-β. Meanwhile, MSCs reinforced the immune suppressive functions of decidual Tregs (dTregs). More important, MSCs-instructed dTregs gained enhanced capacity to suppress Th1 and Th17 related inflammatory responses. In vivo data demonstrated that adoptive transfer of MSCs obviously promoted accumulation of Foxp3+ dTregs in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mice abortion model and spontaneous abortion model (DBA/2-mated female CBA/J mice). Furthermore, MSCs treatment effectively ameliorated absorption rate in both models. This study may offer a new insight for the application of MSCs and Tregs in clinical recurrent miscarriage.
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16
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Li Y, Chen J, Lin Y, Xu L, Sang Y, Li D, Du M. Obesity Challenge Drives Distinct Maternal Immune Response Changes in Normal Pregnant and Abortion-Prone Mouse Models. Front Immunol 2021; 12:694077. [PMID: 34177956 PMCID: PMC8219966 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.694077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is prevalent among women of reproductive age and is associated with increased risk of developing multiple pregnancy disorders. Pregnancy must induce immune tolerance to avoid fetal rejection, while obesity can cause chronic inflammation through activating the immune system. Impaired maternal immuno-tolerance leads to pregnancy failure, such as recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), one of the most common complications during early pregnancy. How does maternal immune response change under obesity stress in normal pregnancy and RSA? In turn, is obesity affected by different gestational statuses? Limited information is presently available now. Our study investigated pregnancy outcomes and maternal immune responses in two murine models (normal pregnancy and spontaneous abortion models) after obesity challenge with a high-fat diet (HFD). Abortion-prone mice fed HFD had significantly higher weight gains during pregnancy than normal pregnant mice with HFD feeding. Nonetheless, the embryo implantation and resorption rates were comparable between HFD and normal chow diet (NCD)-fed mice in each model. Evaluation of immune cell subsets showed HFD-induced obesity drove the upregulation of activated NK cell-activating receptor (NKp46)+ NK cells and pro-inflammatory macrophages (MHCIIhigh Mφ) as well as CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the normal pregnancy group. However, in the abortion-prone group, relative more immature NK cells with decreased activity phenotypes were found in obese mice. Moreover, there were increased DCreg (CD11bhigh DC) cells and decreased CD4+ and CD8+ T cells detected in the HFD abortion-prone mice relative to those fed the NCD diet. Our findings reveal how pregnancy obesity and maternal immune regulation are mutually influenced. It is worth noting that the abortion-prone model where active maternal immune status was intensified by obesity, in turn stimulated an overcompensation response, leading to an over-tolerized immune status, and predisposing to potential risks of perinatal complications.
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MESH Headings
- Abortion, Habitual/immunology
- Abortion, Habitual/metabolism
- Abortion, Habitual/physiopathology
- Animals
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Diet, High-Fat
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Gestational Weight Gain
- Histocompatibility, Maternal-Fetal
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Obesity, Maternal/immunology
- Obesity, Maternal/metabolism
- Obesity, Maternal/physiopathology
- Phenotype
- Pregnancy
- Uterus/immunology
- Uterus/metabolism
- Uterus/physiopathology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Yikong Lin
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifei Sang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Dajin Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Meirong Du
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Yousefzadeh Y, Soltani-Zangbar MS, Hemmatzadeh M, Shomali N, Mahmoodpoor A, Ahmadian Heris J, Yousefi M. Fetomaternal Immune Tolerance: Crucial Mechanisms of Tolerance for Successful Pregnancy in Humans. Immunol Invest 2021; 51:1108-1125. [PMID: 33830854 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2021.1909061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
For many years, the question of how the maternal immune system tolerates the foreign fetus has remained unanswered, and numerous studies have considerably attempted to elucidate underlying mechanisms for fetomaternal tolerance. This review aimed at discussing various significant mechanisms in fetomaternal compatibility. At the fetomaternal interface, in addition to having efficient control against infections, innate and adaptive maternal immune systems selectively prevent fetal rejection. In general, understanding the complex mechanisms of fetomaternal tolerance is critical for immunologic tolerance induction and spontaneous abortion prevention in high-risk populations. Different cells and molecules, such as regulatory T-cells, dendritic cells, decidua cells, IDO, Class I HLA molecules, TGF-β, and IL-10, induce maternal immune tolerance in the fetus in numerous ways. The findings on fetomaternal immune tolerance have remained controversial and require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Yousefzadeh
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Committee Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Soltani-Zangbar
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Hemmatzadeh
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Navid Shomali
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ata Mahmoodpoor
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Ahmadian Heris
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Pediatric Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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18
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Al-Gubory KH, Garrel C. Diet Supplementation with Pomegranate Peel Improves Embryonic Survival in a Mouse Model of Early Pregnancy Loss. J Diet Suppl 2020; 19:243-258. [PMID: 33356673 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2020.1865499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The peel of pomegranate fruit is a rich source of polyphenolic compounds with powerful antioxidant properties. We evaluated the therapeutic potential of pomegranate peel (PP) in the prevention of early pregnancy loss in a mouse model of embryonic mortality and abortion (female CBA/J x male DBA/2). CBA/J mice were divided into 3 groups: mice in control group (CONT group) were fed a standard diet, whereas mice in groups 2 and 3 were fed a standard diet supplemented with 1% PP (PP1% group) and 5% PP (PP5% group), respectively. All the mice were fed their diets for 10 days before mating and continued with the same diets for a further 14 days after mating. At day 14 of pregnancy the female mice were sacrificed and the placentas and maternal livers were harvested for measurement of the content of thiols and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), as biomarkers of oxidative stress, and the enzymatic activities of total superoxide dismutase (TSOD), copper/zinc SOD (SOD1), manganese SOD (SOD2), selenium glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione reductase (GR). Diet supplemented with 5% PP improved embryonic survival and reduced embryonic mortality from 28.2% (CONT) to 8.5% (PP5%). This was accompanied by increased activities of placental TSOD, SOD1 and SOD2, and thiol content. Diet supplemented with 5% PP also reduced placental oxidative stress as demonstrated by a decrease of placental TBARS content. This study highlights the potential of interventions with PP-supplemented diet before and during early pregnancy, in order to ameliorate embryonic survival and prevent early pregnancy loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaïs H Al-Gubory
- Department of Animal Physiology and Livestock Systems, National Institute for Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Jouy-en-Josas Cedex, France
| | - Catherine Garrel
- Department of Biochemistry, Toxicology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biology and Pathology, University Hospital Center of Grenoble, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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Mohammadi S, Abdollahi E, Nezamnia M, Esmaeili SA, Tavasolian F, Sathyapalan T, Sahebkar A. Adoptive transfer of Tregs: A novel strategy for cell-based immunotherapy in spontaneous abortion: Lessons from experimental models. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 90:107195. [PMID: 33278746 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Since half of the genes are inherited from the paternal side, the maternal immune system has to tolerate the presence of foreign paternal antigens. Regulatory T cells facilitate the development and maintenance of peripheral tissue tolerance of the fetus during pregnancy. Reduction in regulatory T cells is associated with complications of pregnancy, including spontaneous abortion. Recent studies in mouse models have shown that the adoptive transfer of Tregs can prevent spontaneous abortion in mouse models through improving maternal tolerance. Thus, adoptive cell therapy using autologous Tregs could potentially be a novel therapeutic approach for cell-based immunotherapy in women with unexplained spontaneous abortion. Besides, strategies for activating and expanding antigen-specific Tregs ex vivo and in vivo based on pharmacological agents can pave the foundation for an approach incorporating immunotherapy and pharmacotherapy. This review aims to elaborate on the current understanding of the therapeutic potential of the adoptive transfer of Tregs in the treatment of spontaneous abortion disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasan Mohammadi
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Abdollahi
- Department of Medical Immunology and Allergy, Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, South Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Maria Nezamnia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fataneh Tavasolian
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland.
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Prados MB, Sica MP, Miranda S. Inflammatory conditions promote a switch of oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) catalytic subunit isoform expression. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 693:108538. [PMID: 32810478 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex catalyzes the N-glycosylation of nascent polypeptides in the endoplasmic reticulum. Glycoproteins are critical for normal cell-cell interactions, especially during an immune response. Abnormal glycosylation is an insignia of several inflammatory diseases. However, the mechanisms that regulate the differential N-glycosylation are not fully understood. The OST complex can be assembled with one out of two catalytic subunits, STT3A or STT3B, which have different enzymatic properties. In this work, we investigated the expression of STT3A and STT3B in several mouse models such as a crossbreeding of normal and abortion-prone mice and an intestinal inflammation model. These animals were either exposed or not to acoustic stress (acute or chronic). The expression of the isoforms was analysed by immunohistochemistry and protein immunoblot. Finally, we investigated the gene regulatory elements employing public databases. Results demonstrated that inflammation alters the balance between the expression of both isoforms in the affected tissues. In homoeostatic conditions, STT3A expression predominates over STT3B, especially in epithelial cells. This relation is reversed as a consequence of inflammation. An increase in STT3B activity was associated to the generation of mannose-rich N-glycans. Accordingly, this type of N-glycans were found to decorate diverse inflamed tissues. The STT3A and STT3B genes are differentially regulated, which could account for the differences in the expression levels observed here. Our results support the idea that these isoforms could play different roles in cellular physiology. This study opens the possibility of studying the STT3A/STT3B expression ratio as a biomarker in acute inflammation or chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Prados
- Instituto Alberto C. Taquini de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IATIMET), Universidad de Buenos Aires. CONICET, Marcelo T. de Alvear 2270, C1122AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Mauricio Pablo Sica
- Instituto de Energía y Desarrollo Sustentable, Centro Atómico Bariloche, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, CONICET, Av. E. Bustillo 9500, 8400 S. C. de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina; Instituto Balseiro, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Centro Atómico Bariloche, Av. E. Bustillo 9500, 8400 S. C. de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina.
| | - Silvia Miranda
- Instituto Alberto C. Taquini de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IATIMET), Universidad de Buenos Aires. CONICET, Marcelo T. de Alvear 2270, C1122AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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21
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On use of animal models. Emerg Top Life Sci 2020; 4:207-227. [PMID: 32691841 DOI: 10.1042/etls20200042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human pregnancy, critical for our species survival, is inefficient and prone to complications such as infertility, spontaneous miscarriages and preeclampsia (PE). Immunological factors may be important as the embryo is 50% paternal and foreign to the mother. Mouse pregnancy models, and in particular the murine CBA/J x DBA/2 mating combination, has been widely used to investigate mechanisms causing and preventing partner-specific recurrent miscarriages (RM) and PE. Occult losses can represent T cell-mediated rejection, and antigen-specific regulatory T cells (Tregs) with classical αβ T cell receptors (TcR) activated by semen antigens at the time of mating are protective. If there is no occult loss, an inadequate Treg response can also predispose to RM. In RM, proinflammatory cytokines from natural killer (NK)-type cells and macrophages of the innate immune system are responsible and cells with γδ TcR protect via release of TGF-β-type molecules. Immunization of abortion-prone female CBA/J mice or administration of cell-associated or soluble CD200, an immune check point inhibitor, can prevent abortions by augmenting uterine decidual suppressor cell activity. Human studies suggest that is also true in couples with RM. Environmental activators of the innate immune system, such as bacterial LPS and stress, can cause abortions as well as occult losses. The endogenous level of Tregs and activation of Tregs specific for the male H-Y antigen may determine success rates and alter the male:female birth ratio. Intralipid alters LPS clearance, prevents abortions in the CBAxDBA/2 model, and is effective in increasing live birth rates in couples undergoing IVF treatment.
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Tam WY, Cheung KK. Phenotypic characteristics of commonly used inbred mouse strains. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:1215-1234. [PMID: 32712726 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01953-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The laboratory mouse is the most commonly used mammalian model for biomedical research. An enormous number of mouse models, such as gene knockout, knockin, and overexpression transgenic mice, have been created over the years. A common practice to maintain a genetically modified mouse line is backcrossing with standard inbred mice over several generations. However, the choice of inbred mouse for backcrossing is critical to phenotypic characterization because phenotypic variabilities are often observed between mice with different genetic backgrounds. In this review, the major features of commonly used inbred mouse lines are discussed. The aim is to provide information for appropriate selection of inbred mouse lines for genetic and behavioral studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Yip Tam
- University Research Facility in Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Kwok-Kuen Cheung
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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Zhang S, Hamid MR, Wang T, Liao J, Wen L, Zhou Y, Wei P, Zou X, Chen G, Chen J, Zhou G. RSK-3 promotes cartilage regeneration via interacting with rpS6 in cartilage stem/progenitor cells. Theranostics 2020; 10:6915-6927. [PMID: 32550912 PMCID: PMC7295041 DOI: 10.7150/thno.44875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Cartilage stem/progenitor cells (CSPC) are a promising cellular source to promote endogenous cartilage regeneration in osteoarthritis (OA). Our previous work indicates that ribosomal s6 kinase 3 (RSK-3) is a target of 4-aminobiphenyl, a chemical enhancing CSPC-mediated cartilage repair in OA. However, the primary function and mechanism of RSK-3 in CSPC-mediated cartilage pathobiology remain undefined. Methods: We systematically assessed the association of RSK-3 with OA in three mouse strains with varying susceptibility to OA (MRL/MpJ>CBA>STR/Ort), and also RSK-3-/- mice. Bioinformatic analysis was used to identify the possible mechanism of RSK-3 affecting CSPC, which was further verified in OA mice and CSPC with varying RSK-3 expression induced by chemicals or gene modification. Results: We demonstrated that the level of RSK-3 in cartilage was positively correlated with cartilage repair capacities in three mouse strains (MRL/MpJ>CBA>STR/Ort). Enhanced RSK-3 expression by 4-aminobiphenyl markedly attenuated cartilage injury in OA mice and inhibition or deficiency of RSK-3 expression, on the other hand, significantly aggravated cartilage damage. Transcriptional profiling of CSPC from mice suggested the potential role of RSK-3 in modulating cell proliferation. It was further shown that the in vivo and in vitro manipulation of the RSK-3 expression indeed affected the CSPC proliferation. Mechanistically, ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6) was activated by RSK-3 to accelerate CSPC growth. Conclusion: RSK-3 is identified as a key regulator to enhance cartilage repair, at least partly by regulating the functionality of the cartilage-resident stem/progenitor cells.
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Human PZP and common marmoset A2ML1 as pregnancy related proteins. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5088. [PMID: 32198464 PMCID: PMC7083932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61714-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While pregnancy-related proteins (PRP) are known to contribute to immunotolerance during pregnancy, their significance to development of invasive placenta is unclear. We compared PRP expression in humans and the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a new-world monkey. Invasive placenta was observed at the maternal-foetal interface of marmoset placenta from green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing foetus and wild type mother. The pregnancy zone protein (PZP) and alpha-2 macroglobulin-like 1 (A2ML1) proteins exhibited the most prominent increase in expression during the second trimester in humans and marmoset, respectively. In humans, PZP accumulated at the maternal-foetal interface and A2ML1 accumulated in the amnion. Similarly, A2ML1 mRNA was detected in marmoset placenta. These proteins belong to the A2M family of protease inhibitors, and both PZP and A2ML1 share around 90% homology between human and marmoset and have highly conserved structures. However, the protease-reacting bait regions of the proteins had lower homology (56.8–60.7% in proteins) relative to the rest of the sequence. Notably, the cleavage site of a proinflammatory proline-endopeptidase was preserved in human PZP and marmoset A2ML1. These proteins contain multiple sites that are cleaved by proteases involving proline-endopeptidase. Systemic regulation of these A2M family proteins may be important in animals with invasive placenta.
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25
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Hosseini MS, Ali-Hassanzadeh M, Nadimi E, Karbalay-Doust S, Noorafshan A, Gharesi-Fard B. Stereological study of the placental structure in abortion-prone mice model (CBA/J×DBA/2J). Ann Anat 2020; 230:151508. [PMID: 32173562 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2020.151508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is an important reproductive health issue defined as the loss of two or more consecutive pregnancies before the 20th week of gestation, affecting 2-5% of couples. This study aimed to evaluate the volume, number of cells, and length of the vessels in the placenta in normal and abortion-prone (AP) pregnant mice on gestational day (gd) 13.5. Fetal and placental tissues of female CBA/J mated DBA/2J (AP group) and BALB/c (normal pregnant group) were collected and prepared for stereological assessments on gd13.5. The volumes of the placenta and its main layers decidua basalis (Db), junctional zone (Jz), and labyrinth zone (Lz) were investigated. The number of spongiotrophoblast cells, glycogen cells, giant cells, trophoblast cells, lymphocytes, and neutrophils were estimated as well. The AP group showed a reduction in the volume of the placenta (48.7%) and its components. Moreover, the number of spongiotrophoblast cells (66.7%), glycogen cells (76.2%), giant cells (73.3%), and trophoblast cells (81.4%) was decreased in AP compared to normal pregnant (NP) mice. Also, in AP group recognized a 10-fold increase in the number of lymphocytes and a four-fold increase in the number of neutrophils in comparison to the NP group (p < 0.05). Activation of different immune cell types might induce systemic inflammation at the feto-maternal interface, resulting in impaired placenta formation and abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Ali-Hassanzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran; Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elham Nadimi
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saied Karbalay-Doust
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ali Noorafshan
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Behrouz Gharesi-Fard
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Rezaei Kahmini F, Shahgaldi S, Moazzeni SM. Mesenchymal stem cells alter the frequency and cytokine profile of natural killer cells in abortion-prone mice. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:7214-7223. [PMID: 32037542 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer cells, which play a pivotal role in the establishment and maintenance of normal pregnancy, are the most abundant leukocytes at the fetomaternal interface that their subsets frequencies and cytokine profile are influential factors in the preservation of the decidual tolerogenic microenvironment. Any imbalance in NK cells' frequency and functions could be associated with pregnancy failure. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are shown to have immunomodulatory effects on NK cells and their cytokine profile. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of MSCs therapy on the cytokine profiles and subpopulations of NK cells in a murine model of recurrent pregnancy loss. Adipose-derived MSCs were injected intraperitoneally to the abortion-prone mice on Day 4.5 of gestation. The abortion rate was determined after MSCs administration and the frequency and cytokine profiles of the different subsets of NK cells were determined using the flow cytometry. Our results showed that, in abortion-prone mice, the frequency of CD49b+ NK cells was significantly higher than normal pregnant mice that decreased after therapy. We also demonstrated that MSCs downregulated the production of IFN-γ and upregulated IL-4 and IL-10 production by uNK cells. These findings indicate that MSCs can decrease the infiltration of CD49b+ NK cells to the fetomaternal interface and modulate the cytokine profile of NK cells from inflammatory to tolerogenic profile and thereby improve the tolerogenic microenvironment at the fetomaternal interface in benefit of pregnancy maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rezaei Kahmini
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahab Shahgaldi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Moazzeni
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Li G, Yang L, Li D, Zhang J, Du L, Xia L, Liu Y, Hu W. Effects of combined treatment with PD‑L1 Ig and CD40L mAb on immune tolerance in the CBA/J x DBA/2 mouse model. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:1789-1798. [PMID: 32319625 PMCID: PMC7057827 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.10977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The embryo is a natural allograft and is the only exception to immune rejection, which reflects maternal immune tolerance towards the embryo. However, pregnancy loss is primarily caused by maternal immune rejection of the embryo. The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of combined treatment of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunoglobulin (Ig) and CD40-ligand (CD40L) monoclonal antibody (mAb) on immune tolerance in an abortion-prone mating model. Mice were divided into the normal, spontaneous abortion, PD-L1 Ig, CD40L mAb and the PD-L1 Ig + CD40L mAb groups. On day 14 of gestation, the embryo resorption abortion rates of all the groups was observed. The maternal hypo-responsiveness to paternal antigens was determined using a mixed lymphocyte response and the splenic CD4+CD25+ T-cell population, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-II+, CD80+ and CD86+ cell populations in pregnant female CBA/J mice were analyzed using flow cytometry. The expression levels of intracellular cytokines in the splenic tissues of pregnant CBA/J female mice were analyzed using western blotting. The PD-L1 Ig + CD40L group displayed the lowest resorption rate compared with the other groups. A significant decrease in the proliferative response of maternal splenic immunocompetent cells against paternal antigens, and a significant increase in the proliferative response of maternal splenic CD4+CD25+ T cells was observed in the PD-L1 Ig + CD40L group compared with the spontaneous abortion group. The number of MHC-II+, CD80+ and CD86+ bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) generated by female mice, and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ in the spleens of female mice were significantly decreased in the PD-L1 Ig + CD40L mAb group compared with the spontaneous abortion group. By contrast, interleukin-4 levels were significantly increased in the PD-L1 Ig + CD40L mAb group compared with the spontaneous abortion group. The results suggested that the administration of PD-L1 Ig + CD40L mAb on day 4 of gestation, the period of peri-implantation, may induce paternal antigen-specific immunotolerance, leading to the embryo resorption rate of the abortion-prone model being similar to that of the normal pregnancy model. The results indicate that the combined treatment of PD-L1 Ig and anti-CD40L mAbs may serve as a potential therapeutic for pregnancy loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanfei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, P.R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, P.R. China
| | - Jinhong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, P.R. China
| | - Ling Du
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, P.R. China
| | - Libin Xia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, P.R. China
| | - Yunhua Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, P.R. China
| | - Wanqin Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, P.R. China
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Ali-Hassanzadeh M, Hosseini MS, Ahmadi M, Zare M, Akbarzadeh-Jahromi M, Derakhshanfar A, Gharesi-Fard B. Analysis of the frequency of type 2 innate lymphoid cells and regulatory T cells in abortion-prone mice. Immunol Lett 2020; 220:1-10. [PMID: 31945403 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is the most common pregnancy related complication, affecting 1-5 % of pregnancies. Despite hormonal, genetic and anatomical factors that result in abortion, impairment of immune response at the feto-maternal interface during the first trimester of pregnancy is also one of the main causes of RSA. In the present study, we evaluated the frequency of blood and uterine group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), their subsets and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in CBA/J × DBA/2 J as an abortion-prone model compared to normal pregnant (NP) mice using immunophenotyping. Results indicated that the percentages of ILC2s were significantly decreased in the AP group compared to the NP group at mid-gestation (P ≤ 0.01). Moreover, the percentages of both blood and uterine nILC2s were increased in NP mice at mid-gestation (P ≤ 0.01, and P ≤ 0.05, respectively), while iILC2s significantly increased in AP mice at mid-gestation (P ≤ 0.01, and P ≤ 0.05, respectively). Tregs were reduced in AP mice at both early and mid-gestation stages (P ≤ 0.01). Overall, our findings suggest that the changes in blood and uterine ILC2s might be associated with abortion in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali-Hassanzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | | | - Moslem Ahmadi
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Zare
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mojgan Akbarzadeh-Jahromi
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Center, Pathology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amin Derakhshanfar
- DiagnosticLaboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Center of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Behrouz Gharesi-Fard
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Drews B, Landaverde LF, Kühl A, Drews U. Spontaneous embryo resorption in the mouse is triggered by embryonic apoptosis followed by rapid removal via maternal sterile purulent inflammation. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2020; 20:1. [PMID: 31918653 PMCID: PMC6953269 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-019-0201-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background In normal mammalian development a high percentage of implantations is lost by spontaneous resorption. This is a major problem in assisted reproduction and blastocyst transfer. Which embryo will be resorbed is unpredictable. Resorption is very fast, so that with conventional methods only final haemorrhagic stages are encountered. Here we describe the histology and immunohistochemistry of 23 spontaneous embryo resorptions between days 7 and 13 of murine development, which were identified by high-resolution ultrasound (US) in a previous study. Results In the early resorptions detected at day 7, the embryo proper was replaced by maternal haemorrhage and a suppurate focus of maternal neutrophils. In the decidua maternal macrophages transformed to foam cells and formed a second focus of tissue dissolution. In the late resorptions detected at day 9, the embryo underwent apoptosis without involvement of maternal cells. The apoptotic embryonic cells expressed caspase 3 and embryonic blood cells developed a macrophage like phenotype. Subsequently, the wall of the embryonic vesicle ruptured and the apoptotic embryo was aborted into the uterine lumen. Abortion was initiated by degeneration of the embryonic lacunar trophoblast and dissolution of the maternal decidua capsularis via sterile inflammation and accompanied by maternal haemorrhage, invasion of the apoptotic embryo by maternal neutrophils, and contraction rings of the uterine muscle layers. Conclusions We conclude that spontaneous resorption starts with endogenous apoptosis of the embryo without maternal contribution. After break down of the foetal-maternal border, the apoptotic embryo is invaded by maternal neutrophils, aborted into the uterine lumen, and rapidly resorbed. We assume that the innate maternal unspecific inflammation is elicited by disintegrating apoptotic embryonic cells. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Drews
- Group Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Departement Environmental System Science, Swiss Federal Institue of Technology (ETH),, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Luis Flores Landaverde
- Group Reproduction Management, Institute of Zoo- and Wildlife Medicine (IZW), Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Kühl
- Core Unit Immunopathology (ipath), Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Drews
- Institute of Anatomy, Prof. em., University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany
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Slawek A, Lorek D, Kedzierska AE, Chelmonska-Soyta A. Regulatory B cells with IL-35 and IL-10 expression in a normal and abortion-prone murine pregnancy model. Am J Reprod Immunol 2019; 83:e13217. [PMID: 31821644 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Interleukin 35 is a relatively newly discovered cytokine that is produced by regulatory B cells (Bregs) and contributes to their suppressive function, which may contribute to fetal tolerance development and pregnancy maintenance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of Bregs and expression of IL-35 and IL-10 in these cells in a normal and abortion-prone murine pregnancy model. METHODS OF STUDY The frequency of Bregs and expression level of IL-35 and IL-10 in these cells were measured in peripheral blood, uterine draining lymph nodes, uterus, and decidua using flow cytometry. The analysis was performed on days 3 and 14 of pregnancy in normal mice (CBA/JxBALB/c) and abortion-prone (CBA/JxDBA/2J) murine pregnancy model. RESULTS A decreased percentage of Breg cells expressing IL-35 on day 3 of pregnancy in the uterine draining lymph nodes and in peripheral blood in mice from the abortion group compared with the normal pregnancy group was observed. A similar decrease was also observed in the Breg cells population producing IL-10 in peripheral blood. In the uterus (3 dpc) and decidua (14 dpc), a lower percentage of CD19+ IL-35+ was also noted in the abortion-prone model. CONCLUSION We indicated that the early stages of abortion-prone pregnancy (3 dpc) in mice were characterized by diminished frequency of B cells producing IL-35 at both local and peripheral levels. These results and the observed lower level of IL-35 in women suffering from recurrent spontaneous abortion suggest that IL-35 may be involved in the maintenance of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Slawek
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Daria Lorek
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Ewa Kedzierska
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.,Łukasiewicz Research Network - PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Chelmonska-Soyta
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.,Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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Wang J, Liu C, Que W, Fujino M, Tong G, Yan H, Li XK. Immunomodulatory effects of Salvianolic acid B in a spontaneous abortion mouse model. J Reprod Immunol 2019; 137:103075. [PMID: 31918160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2019.103075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a kind of natural immune tolerance. Immune factors play an important role in recurrent spontaneous abortion and repeated implantation failure. Salvianolic acid B (SalB) has anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation and immunomodulatory functions. However, there are few reports on the relationship between SalB and maternal-fetal immune tolerance. In this study, CBA/J × DBA/2 J mice as a spontaneous abortion mouse model were given SalB. The results showed that the abortion rate was significantly decreased after SalB treatment. The populations of Nkp46 and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in the placenta of female mice treated with SalB were significantly decreased. The qRT-PCR showed that SalB was able to significantly reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory factors and Toll-like Receptor in the placenta. In addition, SalB was able to increase the area of the labyrinth in the placenta. In conclusion, these findings suggest that SalB is beneficial for the immune-modulation at the maternal-fetal interface in a spontaneous abortion mouse model, resulting in a decrease in the abortion rate. This may encourage new ideas for the treatment of patients with repeated implantation failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Reproductive Center, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chi Liu
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Weitao Que
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujino
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Guoqing Tong
- Reproductive Center, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Reproductive Center, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiao-Kang Li
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
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Wang M, Zhang P, Yu S, Zhou G, Lv J, Nallapothula D, Guo C, Wang Q, Singh RR. Heparin and aspirin combination therapy restores T-cell phenotype in pregnant patients with antiphospholipid syndrome-related recurrent pregnancy loss. Clin Immunol 2019; 208:108259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.108259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Ahmadi M, Mohammadi M, Ali-Hassanzadeh M, Zare M, Gharesi-Fard B. MDSCs in pregnancy: Critical players for a balanced immune system at the feto-maternal interface. Cell Immunol 2019; 346:103990. [PMID: 31703912 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.103990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have emerged as a new immune regulator at the feto-maternal interface. Although the phenotypes and functions of these cells were primarily studied in pathological conditions such as cancers and infections, new evidence has underscored their beneficial roles in homeostasis and physiological circumstances such as normal pregnancy. In this regard, studies have shown an increased number of MDSCs, particularly granulocytic MDSCs, at the feto-maternal interface. These cells participate in maintaining immunological tolerance between mother and semi-allograft fetus through various mechanisms. They further seem to play critical roles in placentation and fetus growth process. The absence or dysregulation of MDSCs during pregnancy have been reported in several pregnancy complications. These cells are also abundant in the cord blood of neonates so as to balance the immune responses and prevent aggressive inflammatory responses. The current review summarizes and organizes detailed data on MDSCs and their roles during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moslem Ahmadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mobin Mohammadi
- Cancer and Immunology Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran; Department of Immunology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali-Hassanzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Zare
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Behrouz Gharesi-Fard
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Infertility Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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34
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Spinelli P, Latchney SE, Reed JM, Fields A, Baier BS, Lu X, McCall MN, Murphy SP, Mak W, Susiarjo M. Identification of the novel Ido1 imprinted locus and its potential epigenetic role in pregnancy loss. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:662-674. [PMID: 30403776 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies show that aberrant tryptophan catabolism reduces maternal immune tolerance and adversely impacts pregnancy outcomes. Tryptophan depletion in pregnancy is facilitated by increased activity of tryptophan-depleting enzymes [i.e. the indolamine-2,3 dioxygenase (IDO)1 and IDO2) in the placenta. In mice, inhibition of IDO1 activity during pregnancy results in fetal loss; however, despite its important role, regulation of Ido1 gene transcription is unknown. The current study shows that the Ido1 and Ido2 genes are imprinted and maternally expressed in mouse placentas. DNA methylation analysis demonstrates that nine CpG sites at the Ido1 promoter constitute a differentially methylated region that is highly methylated in sperm but unmethylated in oocytes. Bisulfite cloning sequencing analysis shows that the paternal allele is hypermethylated while the maternal allele shows low levels of methylation in E9.5 placenta. Further study in E9.5 placentas from the CBA/J X DBA/2 spontaneous abortion mouse model reveals that aberrant methylation of Ido1 is linked to pregnancy loss. DNA methylation analysis in humans shows that IDO1 is hypermethylated in human sperm but partially methylated in placentas, suggesting similar methylation patterns to mouse. Importantly, analysis in euploid placentas from first trimester pregnancy loss reveals that IDO1 methylation significantly differs between the two placenta cohorts, with most CpG sites showing increased percent of methylation in miscarriage placentas. Our study suggests that DNA methylation is linked to regulation of Ido1/IDO1 expression and altered Ido1/IDO1 DNA methylation can adversely influence pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Spinelli
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Sarah E Latchney
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jasmine M Reed
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ashley Fields
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Brian S Baier
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Matthew N McCall
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Shawn P Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Winifred Mak
- Department of Obstetric Gynecology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Martha Susiarjo
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
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Muñoz-Fernández R, De La Mata C, Requena F, Martín F, Fernandez-Rubio P, Llorca T, Ruiz-Magaña MJ, Ruiz-Ruiz C, Olivares EG. Human predecidual stromal cells are mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and have a therapeutic effect in an immune-based mouse model of recurrent spontaneous abortion. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:177. [PMID: 31200769 PMCID: PMC6567662 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human decidual stromal cells (DSCs) are involved in the maintenance and development of pregnancy, in which they play a key role in the induction of immunological maternal–fetal tolerance. Precursors of DSCs (preDSCs) are located around the vessels, and based on their antigen phenotype, previous studies suggested a relationship between preDSCs and mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs). This work aimed to further elucidate the MSC characteristics of preDSCs. Methods We established 15 human preDSC lines and 3 preDSC clones. Physiological differentiation (decidualization) of these cell lines and clones was carried out by in vitro culture with progesterone (P4) and cAMP. Decidualization was confirmed by the change in cellular morphology and prolactin (PRL) secretion, which was determined by enzyme immunoassay of the culture supernatants. We also studied MSC characteristics: (1) In mesenchymal differentiation, under appropriate culture conditions, these preDSC lines and clones differentiated into adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes, and differentiation was confirmed by cytochemical assays and RT-PCR. (2) The expression of stem cell markers was determined by RT-PCR. (3) Cloning efficiency was evaluated by limited dilution. (4) Immunoregulatory activity in vivo was estimated in DBA/2-mated CBA/J female mice, a murine model of immune-based recurrent abortion. (5) Survival of preDSC in immunocompetent mice was analyzed by RT-PCR and flow cytometry. Results Under the effect of P4 and cAMP, the preDSC lines and clones decidualized in vitro: the cells became rounder and secreted PRL, a marker of physiological decidualization. PreDSC lines and clones also exhibited MSC characteristics. They differentiated into adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes, and preDSC lines expressed stem cell markers OCT-4, NANOG, and ABCG2; exhibited a cloning efficiency of 4 to 15%; significantly reduced the embryo resorption rate (P < 0.001) in the mouse model of abortion; and survived for prolonged periods in immunocompetent mice. The fact that 3 preDSC clones underwent both decidualization and mesenchymal differentiation shows that the same type of cell exhibited both DSC and MSC characteristics. Conclusions Together, our results confirm that preDSCs are decidual MSCs and suggest that these cells are involved in the mechanisms of maternal–fetal immune tolerance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1284-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Muñoz-Fernández
- Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Claudia De La Mata
- Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Requena
- Departamento de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Martín
- Human DNA Variability Department, GENYO - Centre for Genomic and Oncological Research (Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government), PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo Fernandez-Rubio
- Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Tatiana Llorca
- Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria José Ruiz-Magaña
- Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Ruiz-Ruiz
- Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular III e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Avenida de la Investigación, 11, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Enrique G Olivares
- Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain. .,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular III e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Avenida de la Investigación, 11, 18016, Granada, Spain. .,Unidad de Gestión Clínica Laboratorios, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain.
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36
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Lorek D, Kedzierska AE, Slawek A, Chelmonska-Soyta A. Expression of Toll-like receptors and costimulatory molecules in splenic B cells in a normal and abortion-prone murine pregnancy model. Am J Reprod Immunol 2019; 82:e13148. [PMID: 31134706 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM The regulatory role of B lymphocytes in the pregnancy-induced maternal immune response is not well recognized. B lymphocytes function as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and regulate Toll-like receptors and costimulatory molecule expression in response to intrinsic and extrinsic signals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the expression of TLR2, TLR4, TLR9, and MHC class II and the costimulatory molecules CD80, CD86, and CD40 in splenic B cells in a normal and abortion-prone murine pregnancy model. METHODS OF STUDY The expression level of these molecules on female splenic B cells was investigated using real-time PCR and flow cytometry. The analysis was performed on the 3rd and 14th day of normal (CBA/JxBALB/c) and abortion-prone (CBA/JxDBA/2J) murine pregnancy. RESULTS The expression of Tlr9, Cd86, and H2-Ab1 in splenic B cells on the 3rd day after mating was upregulated, whereas Tlr2 was downregulated in abortion-prone females. On day 14, we observed lower expression levels of Tlr4 and Cd80 and higher expression levels of Cd86 in CBA/J females mated with DBA/2J males. At the protein level, the differences were observed only on day 3 of pregnancy. TLR4 and CD40 molecules were upregulated in splenic B cells, while TLR9 and CD86 were downregulated in abortion-prone mice. CONCLUSION Differential expression of TLRs and costimulatory molecules in splenic B cells in abortion-prone and normal pregnancies suggests the involvement of these cells in the regulation of the immune response at the periphery in pregnant females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Lorek
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Ewa Kedzierska
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.,Łukasiewicz Research Network - PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Slawek
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Chelmonska-Soyta
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.,Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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Arenas-Hernandez M, Romero R, Xu Y, Panaitescu B, Garcia-Flores V, Miller D, Ahn H, Done B, Hassan SS, Hsu CD, Tarca AL, Sanchez-Torres C, Gomez-Lopez N. Effector and Activated T Cells Induce Preterm Labor and Birth That Is Prevented by Treatment with Progesterone. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:2585-2608. [PMID: 30918041 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Preterm labor commonly precedes preterm birth, the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Most research has focused on establishing a causal link between innate immune activation and pathological inflammation leading to preterm labor and birth. However, the role of maternal effector/activated T cells in the pathogenesis of preterm labor/birth is poorly understood. In this study, we first demonstrated that effector memory and activated maternal T cells expressing granzyme B and perforin are enriched at the maternal-fetal interface (decidua) of women with spontaneous preterm labor. Next, using a murine model, we reported that prior to inducing preterm birth, in vivo T cell activation caused maternal hypothermia, bradycardia, systemic inflammation, cervical dilation, intra-amniotic inflammation, and fetal growth restriction, all of which are clinical signs associated with preterm labor. In vivo T cell activation also induced B cell cytokine responses, a proinflammatory macrophage polarization, and other inflammatory responses at the maternal-fetal interface and myometrium in the absence of an increased influx of neutrophils. Finally, we showed that treatment with progesterone can serve as a strategy to prevent preterm labor/birth and adverse neonatal outcomes by attenuating the proinflammatory responses at the maternal-fetal interface and cervix induced by T cell activation. Collectively, these findings provide mechanistic evidence showing that effector and activated T cells cause pathological inflammation at the maternal-fetal interface, in the mother, and in the fetus, inducing preterm labor and birth and adverse neonatal outcomes. Such adverse effects can be prevented by treatment with progesterone, a clinically approved strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Arenas-Hernandez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI 48201.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201.,Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI 48201.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824.,Center for Molecular Obstetrics and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Yi Xu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI 48201.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Bogdan Panaitescu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI 48201.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Valeria Garcia-Flores
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI 48201.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Derek Miller
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI 48201.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Hyunyoung Ahn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Bogdan Done
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI 48201.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Sonia S Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI 48201.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Chaur-Dong Hsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Adi L Tarca
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI 48201.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201.,Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University College of Engineering, Detroit, MI 48202; and
| | - Carmen Sanchez-Torres
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI 48201; .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
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Ren J, Zeng W, Tian F, Zhang S, Wu F, Qin X, Zhang Y, Lin Y. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells depletion may cause pregnancy loss via upregulating the cytotoxicity of decidual natural killer cells. Am J Reprod Immunol 2019; 81:e13099. [PMID: 30737988 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Maternal immune system tolerance to the semiallogeneic fetus is critical for a successful pregnancy. Studies have shown that myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play an important role in maintaining feto-maternal tolerance. However, the mechanisms remain poorly understood. METHODS Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the percentage of MDSCs in an allogeneic-normal-pregnant mouse model during different periods of gestation. We further assessed the percentage of MDSCs and their subtypes (granulocytic MDSCs [GR-MDSCs] and monocytic MDSCs [MO-MDSCs]) in a spontaneous abortion mouse model. The levels of the immunosuppressive molecules ARG-1, iNOS, IL-10, and TGF-β in MDSCs were also evaluated. MDSCs were depleted by anti-Gr-1 injection, and the resorption rate was calculated. The cytotoxicity of decidual natural killer (NK) cells was evaluated, and the percentage of regulatory NK (NKreg) cells and regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) were evaluated. RESULTS Myeloid-derived suppressor cells was accumulated in a time-dependent manner during pregnancy. However, the percentage of MDSCs was decreased in the spontaneous abortion mice compared with that in the control mice. In addition, the levels of ARG-1, iNOS, IL-10, and TGF-β in MDSCs decreased differentially. Finally, depletion of MDSCs was associated with increased rates of resorption and the proportion of NKreg and Treg cells in uterine tissues; meanwhile, the cytotoxicity of decidual NK cells was upregulated by increasing the level of perforin, granzyme B, and natural killer group protein 2 D-activating NK receptor (NKG2D). CONCLUSION Depletion of MDSCs may cause pregnancy loss, while upregulating the cytotoxicity of decidual NK cells and increasing NKreg and Treg cell numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihong Zeng
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuju Tian
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siming Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Wu
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Qin
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Lin
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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39
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Wang J, Yang J, Yan Y, Zhu Z, Mu Y, Wang X, Zhang J, Liu L, Zhao F, Chi Y. Effect of adoptive transfer of CD4 +CD25 +Foxp3 + Treg induced by trichostatin A on the prevention of spontaneous abortion. J Reprod Immunol 2018; 131:30-35. [PMID: 30634133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether epigenetic modification of CD4+CD25- T-cells in vitro can make up for the inadequacy of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg in animal model of spontaneous abortion and prevent immune response-mediated spontaneous abortion. METHODS Trichostatin A (TSA) was applied to inhibit histone deacetylases (HDACs) and thereby to epigenetically modify the special location of Foxp3 gene in CD4+CD25- T-cells of CBA/J mice. The expressions of CD25, Foxp3, CTLA-4 and PD-1 of CD4+ T cells isolated from spleen of mice were characterized by flow cytometric analysis. Concentrations of transforming growth factor- β (TGF-β) and IL-10 in the supernatants of cultured Treg were measured using ELISA. The purified CD4+ T cells treated with different reagents were injected into pregnant CBA/J mice mated with DBA/2J males on Day 1 and 4 of pregnancy, respectively. The embryo resorption rate was assessed on Day 14 of pregnancy. RESULTS TSA treatment significantly increased the population of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ iTreg. Those TSA induced Treg expressed high levels of PD-1 and CTLA-4, and secreted high levels of TGF-β and IL-10. Adoptive transfer of those iTreg at both early stage and implantation of stage of pregnancy significantly increased population of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg in spleens of recipient miscarriage prone mice and significantly reduced resorption in those mice. CONCLUSION Epigenetic regulation of Foxp3 can generate functional regulatory T-cells. Adoptive transfer of TSA- induced CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg at an early stage of pregnancy can induce maternal-fetal immune tolerance and reduce embryo resorption in miscarriage prone mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Institute of Immunology of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi, 037009, PR China.
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Datong, Shanxi, 037009, PR China
| | - Yuqing Yan
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi, 037009, PR China
| | - Zhuangyan Zhu
- Institute of Immunology of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi, 037009, PR China
| | - Yaqin Mu
- Institute of Immunology of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi, 037009, PR China
| | - Xiying Wang
- Institute of Immunology of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi, 037009, PR China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Datong, Shanxi, 037009, PR China
| | - Lihua Liu
- Institute of Immunology of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi, 037009, PR China
| | - Fuxi Zhao
- Institute of Immunology of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi, 037009, PR China
| | - Yuling Chi
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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Kenny LC, Kell DB. Immunological Tolerance, Pregnancy, and Preeclampsia: The Roles of Semen Microbes and the Father. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 4:239. [PMID: 29354635 PMCID: PMC5758600 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is widely considered, in many cases, to involve two separable stages (poor placentation followed by oxidative stress/inflammation), the precise originating causes of preeclampsia (PE) remain elusive. We have previously brought together some of the considerable evidence that a (dormant) microbial component is commonly a significant part of its etiology. However, apart from recognizing, consistent with this view, that the many inflammatory markers of PE are also increased in infection, we had little to say about immunity, whether innate or adaptive. In addition, we focused on the gut, oral and female urinary tract microbiomes as the main sources of the infection. We here marshall further evidence for an infectious component in PE, focusing on the immunological tolerance characteristic of pregnancy, and the well-established fact that increased exposure to the father's semen assists this immunological tolerance. As well as these benefits, however, semen is not sterile, microbial tolerance mechanisms may exist, and we also review the evidence that semen may be responsible for inoculating the developing conceptus (and maybe the placenta) with microbes, not all of which are benign. It is suggested that when they are not, this may be a significant cause of PE. A variety of epidemiological and other evidence is entirely consistent with this, not least correlations between semen infection, infertility and PE. Our view also leads to a series of other, testable predictions. Overall, we argue for a significant paternal role in the development of PE through microbial infection of the mother via insemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise C. Kenny
- The Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas B. Kell
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Sadighi-Moghaddam B, Salek Farrokhi A, Namdar Ahmadabad H, Barati M, Moazzeni SM. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy Prevents Abortion in CBA/J × DBA/2 Mating. Reprod Sci 2017; 25:1261-1269. [PMID: 29187052 DOI: 10.1177/1933719117737848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immunological disorders are among the main causes of recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSAs). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to modulate various aspects of immune responses. It seems that MSCs may improve the immunological conditions in immune-mediated RSA. The aim of this study is the reduction of resorption in RSA mouse model through MSCs therapy. The adipose-derived MSCs were administered intraperitoneal to pregnant CBA/J mice on day 4.5 of gestation in abortion-prone matting. On day 13.5 of pregnancy, abortion rates were calculated and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), interleukin 10 (IL-10), interferon γ (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) gene expression in deciduas were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The level of TGF-β in serum was also determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The obtained results showed that MSCs therapy could reduce the abortion rate significantly in test group compared to controls. MSCs therapy also caused a significant upregulation of TGF-β and IL-10 and downregulation of IFN-γ and TNF-α genes expression in deciduas. However, the levels of TGF-β didn't change in mice sera. Due to the significant decrease in abortion rate, we concluded that MSCs therapy could modulate the immune responses in fetomaternal interface and protect fetus from undesirable immune responses. So, these cells might be considered as a new therapeutic for spontaneous pregnancy loss. The local upregulation of TGF-β and IL-10 and downregulation of IFN-γ and TNF-α gene expression in decidua could be considered as one possible mechanism of immune regulation, which could protect the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bizhan Sadighi-Moghaddam
- 1 Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,2 Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Amir Salek Farrokhi
- 1 Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Namdar Ahmadabad
- 3 Department of Pathobiology and Medical Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mehdi Barati
- 2 Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Moazzeni
- 1 Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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42
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McLennan IS, Koishi K, Batchelor NJ, Pankhurst MW. Mice with either diminished or elevated levels of anti-Müllerian hormone have decreased litter sizes†. Biol Reprod 2017; 98:54-62. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kinder JM, Stelzer IA, Arck PC, Way SS. Immunological implications of pregnancy-induced microchimerism. Nat Rev Immunol 2017; 17:483-494. [PMID: 28480895 PMCID: PMC5532073 DOI: 10.1038/nri.2017.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immunological identity is traditionally defined by genetically encoded antigens, with equal maternal and paternal contributions as a result of Mendelian inheritance. However, vertically transferred maternal cells also persist in individuals at very low levels throughout postnatal development. Reciprocally, mothers are seeded during pregnancy with genetically foreign fetal cells that persist long after parturition. Recent findings suggest that these microchimeric cells expressing non-inherited, familially relevant antigenic traits are not accidental 'souvenirs' of pregnancy, but are purposefully retained within mothers and their offspring to promote genetic fitness by improving the outcome of future pregnancies. In this Review, we discuss the immunological implications, benefits and potential consequences of individuals being constitutively chimeric with a biologically active 'microchiome' of genetically foreign cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M. Kinder
- Division of Infectious Disease and Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital. Cincinnati, Ohio 45229 USA
| | - Ina A. Stelzer
- Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petra C. Arck
- Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sing Sing Way
- Division of Infectious Disease and Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital. Cincinnati, Ohio 45229 USA
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Abstract
To generate new hypotheses, sometimes a "systems" approach is needed. In this review, I focus on the mitogen-activated kinase p38 because it has been recently shown to play an important role in the developmental programing and senescence of normal and stressed reproductive tissues. What follows is an overview of (i) pathways of p38 activation and their involvement in basic biological processes, (ii) evidence that p38 is involved in the homeostasis of reproductive tissues, (iii) how focus on p38 can be incorporated into investigation of normal and stressed pregnancies. Existence of excellent reviews will be mentioned as well as relevant animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Bonney
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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45
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Abstract
The maternal immune system is complex and governed by multiple hormonal and metabolic factors, including those provided to the mother via the fetus. Understanding of the balance between maternal tolerance and protection of the fetus may require thinking from multiple theoretical approaches to the general problem of immune activation and tolerance. This article provides a brief review of the immune system, with aspects relevant to pregnancy. The references include reviews that expand on the elements discussed. The article also uses different models of immune system activation and tolerance to provide a theoretical understanding of the problem of maternal tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Bonney
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Given Building Room C-246, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
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46
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Abstract
The maternal immune system is complex and governed by multiple hormonal and metabolic factors, including those provided to the mother via the fetus. Understanding of the balance between maternal tolerance and protection of the fetus may require thinking from multiple theoretical approaches to the general problem of immune activation and tolerance. This article provides a brief review of the immune system, with aspects relevant to pregnancy. The references include reviews that expand on the elements discussed. The article also uses different models of immune system activation and tolerance to provide a theoretical understanding of the problem of maternal tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Bonney
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Given Building Room C-246, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
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47
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Pan T, Liu Y, Zhong LM, Shi MH, Duan XB, Wu K, Yang Q, Liu C, Wei JY, Ma XR, Shi K, Zhang H, Zhou J. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells are essential for maintaining feto-maternal immunotolerance via STAT3 signaling in mice. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:499-511. [PMID: 27203698 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1a1015-481rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal immune system tolerance to the semiallogeneic fetus is essential for a successful pregnancy; however, the mechanisms underlying this immunotolerance have not been fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that myeloid-derived suppressor cells play an important role in maintaining feto-maternal tolerance. A significant expansion of granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells was observed in multiple immune organs and decidual tissues from pregnant mice. Pregnancy-derived granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells suppressed T cell responses in a reactive oxygen species-dependent manner and required direct cell-cell contact. Mechanistic studies showed that progesterone facilitated differentiation and activation of granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells, mediated through STAT3 signaling. The STAT3 inhibitor JSI-124 and a specific short hairpin RNA completely abrogated the effects of progesterone on granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells. More importantly, granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cell depletion dramatically enhanced the abortion rate in normal pregnant mice, whereas adoptive transfer of granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells clearly reduced the abortion rate in the CBA/J X DBA/2J mouse model of spontaneous abortion. These observations collectively demonstrate that granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells play an essential role in the maintenance of fetal immunotolerance in mice. Furthermore, our study supports the notion that in addition to their well-recognized roles under pathologic conditions, myeloid-derived suppressor cells perform important functions under certain physiologic circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Pan
- Program in Immunology, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Human Virology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Program in Immunology, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Human Virology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Mei Zhong
- Institute of Human Virology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mao Hua Shi
- Institute of Human Virology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Bing Duan
- Institute of Human Virology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang Wu
- Institute of Human Virology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Institute of Human Virology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Institute of Human Virology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Yang Wei
- Institute of Human Virology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Ru Ma
- Institute of Human Virology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun Shi
- Department of Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Chinese Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Jie Zhou
- Program in Immunology, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Human Virology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Chinese Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; and
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48
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Zhao AM, Xu HJ, Kang XM, Zhao AM, Lu LM. New insights into myeloid-derived suppressor cells and their roles in feto-maternal immune cross-talk. J Reprod Immunol 2016; 113:35-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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49
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Petitbarat M, Durigutto P, Macor P, Bulla R, Palmioli A, Bernardi A, De Simoni MG, Ledee N, Chaouat G, Tedesco F. Critical Role and Therapeutic Control of the Lectin Pathway of Complement Activation in an Abortion-Prone Mouse Mating. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:5602-7. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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50
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Yadav AK, Chaudhari H, Shah PK, Madan T. Expression and localization of collectins in feto-maternal tissues of human first trimester spontaneous abortion and abortion prone mouse model. Immunobiology 2015; 221:260-8. [PMID: 26603976 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of immune response at the feto-maternal interface during first trimester of pregnancy is one of the leading causes of spontaneous abortion. Previously, we reported differential expression of collectins, soluble pattern recognition molecules involved in immunoregulation, in placental and decidual tissues during spontaneous labor. In the present pilot study, the expression of collectins was analyzed in the inflamed human gestational tissues of spontaneous abortion ('SA') and in 13.5 dpc placental tissues from resorption survived embryos of murine model (CBA/J X DBA/2J). Transcripts of SP-A were significantly down-regulated and SP-D were significantly up-regulated in placental and decidual tissues of 'SA' group compared to that of 'normal' group. Immunostaining for SP-D and MBL proteins was positive in placental and decidual tissues. However, levels of SP-D and MBL proteins were not significantly altered in placental as well as in decidual tissues of 'SA' group in comparison to the 'normal' group. Placental tissues of viable embryos from the abortion prone mouse model showed significantly enhanced expression of mSP-A and mSP-D transcripts at 13.5 day post coitus (dpc) and 14.5 dpc compared to the control group (CBA/J X Balb/c). Mouse collectins were localized in placental tissues (13.5 dpc), with increased staining in murine model compared to control. Human and murine data together indicate that SP-A, SP-D and MBL are synthesised in early gestational tissues, and may contribute to regulation of immune response at the feto-maternal interface during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Yadav
- National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - H Chaudhari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College and King Edwards Memorial (KEM) Hospital, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - P K Shah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College and King Edwards Memorial (KEM) Hospital, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - T Madan
- National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India.
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