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Evans MC, Anderson GM. The Role of RFRP Neurons in the Allostatic Control of Reproductive Function. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15851. [PMID: 37958834 PMCID: PMC10648169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Reproductive function is critical for species survival; however, it is energetically costly and physically demanding. Reproductive suppression is therefore a physiologically appropriate adaptation to certain ecological, environmental, and/or temporal conditions. This 'allostatic' suppression of fertility enables individuals to accommodate unfavorable reproductive circumstances and safeguard survival. The mechanisms underpinning this reproductive suppression are complex, yet culminate with the reduced secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus, which in turn suppresses gonadotropin release from the pituitary, thereby impairing gonadal function. The focus of this review will be on the role of RFamide-related peptide (RFRP) neurons in different examples of allostatic reproductive suppression. RFRP neurons release the RFRP-3 peptide, which negatively regulates GnRH neurons and thus appears to act as a 'brake' on the neuroendocrine reproductive axis. In a multitude of predictable (e.g., pre-puberty, reproductive senescence, and seasonal or lactational reproductive quiescence) and unpredictable (e.g., metabolic, immune and/or psychosocial stress) situations in which GnRH secretion is suppressed, the RFRP neurons have been suggested to act as modulators. This review examines evidence for and against these roles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Greg M. Anderson
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
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2
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Angelopoulou E, Kalsbeek A, Simonneaux V. Age-dependent change of RFRP-3 neuron numbers and innervation in female mice. Neuropeptides 2022; 92:102224. [PMID: 34998113 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2021.102224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In female mammals, reproductive senescence is a complex process involving progressive ovarian dysfunction, associated with altered central control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and desynchronization of the circadian system. The objective of this study was to investigate age-dependent changes in the daily regulation of Arg-Phe amide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3), a hypothalamic peptide involved in reproduction, in female C57BL/6 J mice of different age groups (4, 13, and 19 months old) sampled at their diestrus stage. We found an age-dependent decrease in the total number of RFRP-3 neurons and in the relative number of activated (i.e. c-Fos-positive) RFRP-3 neurons. RFRP-3 neuronal activation exhibited a daily variation in young and middle-aged mice, which was abolished in 19-month-old mice. We also found a daily variation in the number of RFRP-3 neurons receiving close vasopressin (AVP)- and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-ergic fiber appositions in mice aged 4 and 13 months, but not in 19-month-old mice. However, we found no daily or age-dependent changes in the AVP and VIP fiber density in the dorsomedial hypothalamus. Plasma LH levels were similar in mice aged 4 and 13 months, but were markedly increased in 19-month-old mice. The present findings indicate that the number of RFRP-3 positive neurons is downregulated during old age and that the daily changes in their innervation by the circadian peptides AVP and VIP are abolished. This age-associated reduced (rhythmic) activity of the inhibitory RFRP-3 system could be implicated in the elevated LH secretion observed during reproductive senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Angelopoulou
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaire et Intégratives (UPR CNRS3212), Université de Strasbourg, 8, allée du Général Rouvillois, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Valérie Simonneaux
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaire et Intégratives (UPR CNRS3212), Université de Strasbourg, 8, allée du Général Rouvillois, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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3
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Mate N, Shaji R, Das M, Jain S, Banerjee A. Expression of polyamines and its association with GnRH-I in the hypothalamus during aging in rodent model. Amino Acids 2022; 54:1135-1154. [PMID: 35286462 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
GnRH-I and GnIH are the key neuropeptides that regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in mammals during aging. Polyamines are important aliphatic amines that are expressed in the brain and show variation with aging. The present study demonstrates evidence of variation in the level of expression of polyamines, GnRH-I and GnIH in the hypothalamus of female mice during aging. The study also suggests regulatory effects of polyamines over expression of the hypothalamic GnRH-I. The study shows a significant positive correlation between polyamines, its associated factors and GnRH-I along with significant negative correlation between polyamines, its associated factors and GnIH. This is the first study to report the effect of polyamines along with lactate or TNF-α or both on GnRH-I expression in GT1-7 cell line. TNF-α and lactate significantly decreased hypothalamic GnRH-I mRNA expression in GT1-7 cells when treated for 24 h. Polyamines (putrescine and agmatine) in contrast, significantly increased GnRH-I mRNA expression in GT1-7 cells when treated for 24 h. Also, polyamines increased GnRH-I mRNA expression when treated in presence of TNF-α or lactate thereby suggesting its neuro-protective role. This study also found 3809 differentially expressed genes through RNA-seq done between the hypothalamic GT1-7 cells treated with putrescine only versus TNF-α and putrescine. The present study suggests for the first time that putrescine treatment to TNFα-primed GT1-7 cells upregulates GnRH-I expression via regulation of several pathways such as calcium ion pathway, estrogen signaling, clock genes as well as regulating other metabolic process like neuronal differentiation and neurulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayan Mate
- Department of Biological Sciences, KK Birla, Goa Campus, BITS Pilani, Zuarinagar, Goa, India
| | - Rohit Shaji
- Department of Biological Sciences, KK Birla, Goa Campus, BITS Pilani, Zuarinagar, Goa, India
| | - Moitreyi Das
- Department of Zoology, Goa University, Goa, India
| | - Sammit Jain
- Department of Mathematics, KK Birla, Goa Campus, BITS Pilani, Zuarinagar, Goa, India
| | - Arnab Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, KK Birla, Goa Campus, BITS Pilani, Zuarinagar, Goa, India.
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Das M, Ajit K, Mate N, Roy R, Haldar C, Gupta L, Banerjee A. Lactate-Dependent Cross-Talk Between Astrocyte and GnRH-I Neurons in Hypothalamus of Aged Brain: Decreased GnRH-I Transcription. Reprod Sci 2022; 29:2546-2564. [PMID: 35138586 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00814-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
GnRH-I produced by hypothalamic neurosecretory cells is considered a master regulator of mammalian reproduction. Although GnRH-I transcription is well studied, the effect of ageing on transcriptional regulation of GnRH-I has not yet been explored. Here, we elucidate the effects of ageing on the metabolic environment like lactate level and TNF-α and how these affect GnRH-I transcription. Using pathway analysis of transcriptomic data, we found that lactate is upregulated in ageing astrocytes due to the downregulation of cellular respiration pathways possibly resulting in greater pyruvate concentration for lactate production. This lactate could then be shuttled into neurons where it would affect GnRH-I transcription. We showed that supra-physiological level of lactate in young mouse brain can mimic metabolic disturbances in the old brain and cause downregulation in GnRH-I transcription at a young age. In particular, we found upregulation of GnRH-I repressors in the young brain treated with high levels of lactate similar to old brain. Hence, this confirmed that aged metabolic environment can affect GnRH-I transcription even in the young brain. Further downstream analysis using the TRUST database showed NF-Kb signalling which lies downstream of both lactate and TNF-α as being capable of upregulating GnRH-I repressors. Since NF-Kb signalling has been shown in our study as well as others to be induced by TNF-α during ageing, it is likely that GnRH-I transcriptional regulation is mediated through these pathways. Thus, we formed a model for explaining the downregulation of GnRH-I transcription during ageing through differential expression of its TFs in an aged metabolic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moitreyi Das
- Department of Zoology, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa, India.
| | - Kamal Ajit
- Department of Biological Sciences, KK Birla, BITS Pilani, Goa Campus, Zuarinagar, Goa, India
| | - Nayan Mate
- Department of Biological Sciences, KK Birla, BITS Pilani, Goa Campus, Zuarinagar, Goa, India
| | - Ramaballav Roy
- Department of Zoology, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa, India
| | | | - Lalita Gupta
- Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana, India
| | - Arnab Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, KK Birla, BITS Pilani, Goa Campus, Zuarinagar, Goa, India.
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Sharokhyan Rezaee M, Farzinpour A, Farshad A, Hatfaludi T. The regulative effect of Urtica dioica on sex hormones imbalance: elevated follicle-stimulating hormone/luteinizing hormone ratio ≥4.5 is associated with low performance in aged breeder quails. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.2007801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Sharokhyan Rezaee
- Department of Animal Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Amjad Farzinpour
- Department of Animal Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Abbas Farshad
- Department of Animal Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Tamas Hatfaludi
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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Vega-Rivera NM, González-Monroy E, Morelos-Santana E, Estrada-Camarena E. The relevance of the endocrine condition in microglia morphology and dendrite complexity of doublecortin-associated neurons in young adult and middle-aged female rats exposed to acute stress. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:5293-5309. [PMID: 34302304 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Menopause, natural or surgical, might facilitate the onset of psychiatric pathologies. Some reports suggest that their severity could increase if the decline of ovarian hormones occurs abruptly and before natural endocrine senescence. Therefore, we compared the effects of ovariectomy on microglia's morphological alterations, the complexity of newborn neurons, and the animal's ability to cope with stress. Young adult (3 months) and middle-aged (15 months) female Wistar rats were subjected to an ovariectomy (OVX) or were sham-operated. After 3 weeks, animals were assigned to one of the following independent groups: (1) young adult OVX + no stress; (2) young adult sham + no stress; (3) young adult OVX + stress; (4) young adult sham + stress; (5) middle-aged OVX + no stress; (6) middle-aged sham + no stress; (7) middle-aged OVX + stress; (8) middle-aged sham + stress. Acute stress was induced by forced swimming test (FST) exposure. Immobility behavior was scored during FST and 30 min after; animals were euthanized, their brains collected and prepared for immunohistochemical detection of Iba-1 to analyze morphological alterations in microglia, and doublecortin (DCX) detection to evaluate the dendrite complexity of newborn neurons. OVX increased immobility behavior, induced microglia morphological alterations, and reduced dendrite complexity of newborn neurons in young adult rats. FST further increased this effect. In middle-aged rats, the main effects were related to the aging process without OVX or stress exposure. In conclusion, surgical menopause favors in young adult rats, but not in middle-aged, the vulnerability to develop immobility behavior, retracted morphology of microglial cells, and decreased dendrite complexity of newborn neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Maritza Vega-Rivera
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Neurosciences, National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edgar González-Monroy
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Neurosciences, National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erik Morelos-Santana
- Division of Clinical Investigations, National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erika Estrada-Camarena
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Neurosciences, National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico
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Angelopoulou E, Kalsbeek A, Simonneaux V. WITHDRAWN: Age-dependent modulation of RFRP-3 neurons in female mice. Neuropeptides 2021; 88:102146. [PMID: 33940493 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2021.102146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been withdrawn at the request of the editor and publisher. The publisher regrets that an error occurred which led to the premature publication of this paper. This error bears no reflection on the article or its authors. The publisher apologizes to the authors and the readers for this unfortunate error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Angelopoulou
- Insitut des Neurosciences Cellulaire et Intégratives (UPR CNRS3212), Université de Strasbourg, 8, Allée du Général Rouvillois, 67000, Strasbourg, France; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Valérie Simonneaux
- Insitut des Neurosciences Cellulaire et Intégratives (UPR CNRS3212), Université de Strasbourg, 8, Allée du Général Rouvillois, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
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9
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Lei R, Sun Y, Liao J, Yuan Y, Sun L, Liu Y, Yang X, Ma W, Yu Z. Sex hormone levels in females of different ages suffering from depression. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2021; 21:215. [PMID: 34022874 PMCID: PMC8141202 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-021-01350-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background There are only a few studies on sex hormones in females of different ages suffering from depression, and their conclusions are not uniform until now. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the severity of depression in females and factors such as sex hormones and differences in sex hormone levels in females of different ages, exploring variations after treatment. Methods A total of 169 females with depression were selected and divided into the first-episode (91 cases) and recurrent (78 cases) groups. Then, on the basis of their age, the first-episode patients were divided into the young (48 cases, age < 45 years), perimenopausal (20 cases, 45–55 years), and elderly groups (23 cases, age > 55 years); the patients with recurrent depression were classified into the young (37 cases, age < 45 years), perimenopausal (19 cases, 45–55 years), and elderly groups (22 cases, age > 55 years). The patients were assessed in accordance with the International Classification of Diseases of mental and behavioral disorders. The serum progesterone, prolactin, estradiol, and testosterone levels in the patients were measured, and differences in sex hormone levels of the groups were analyzed. Results The estradiol level was negatively correlated with age and the prolactin level was positively correlated with occupation. The severity of depression in females was found to be negatively correlated with age. The serum progesterone and estradiol levels in the young group were significantly higher than those in the elderly group, regardless of the first episode or recurrence. Estradiol levels in the perimenopausal and elderly groups with first-episode depression were significantly higher than those in the same group with recurrent depression. However, there was no significant difference in the serum progesterone, prolactin, estradiol, and testosterone levels in the recurrent group before and after treatment. Conclusions Sex hormone levels, especially estradiol, varied among females of different ages suffering from depression. Recurrent depression also has a certain effect on sex hormone levels in females. Not only should the age and relapse be considered when studying the sex hormone levels of females with depression, but also attention should be paid to whether the patients have used antidepressants before their sexual hormonal testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Lei
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Second People's Hospital of Huizhou, Huizhou, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Kailuan Mental Health Centre Affiliated to North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Jiawen Liao
- School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Second People's Hospital of Huizhou, Huizhou, China
| | - Linlin Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yugeng Liu
- Department of Mood Disorders, Tianjin Mental Health Centre, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Wenyou Ma
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Kailuan Mental Health Center Affiliated to North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.
| | - Zhenjian Yu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Kailuan Mental Health Center Affiliated to North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.
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10
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Hua L, Zhao L, Mao Z, Li W, Li J, Jiang X, Che L, Xu S, Lin Y, Fang Z, Feng B, Wu D, Zhuo Y. Beneficial effects of a decreased meal frequency on nutrient utilization, secretion of luteinizing hormones and ovarian follicular development in gilts. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:41. [PMID: 33820556 PMCID: PMC8022406 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00564-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Replacement gilts are typically fed ad libitum, whereas emerging evidence from human and rodent studies has revealed that time-restricted access to food has health benefits. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of meal frequency on the metabolic status and ovarian follicular development in gilts. Methods A total of 36 gilts (Landrace × Yorkshire) with an age of 150±3 d and a body weight of 77.6±3.8 kg were randomly allocated into one of three groups (n = 12 in each group), and based on the group allocation, the gilts were fed at a frequency of one meal (T1), two meals (T2), or six meals per day (T6) for 14 consecutive weeks. The effects of the meal frequency on growth preference, nutrient utilization, short-chain fatty acid production by gut microbial, the post-meal dynamics in the metabolic status, reproductive hormone secretions, and ovarian follicular development in the gilts were measured. Results The gilts in the T1 group presented a higher average daily gain (+ 48 g/d, P < 0.05) and a higher body weight (+ 4.9 kg, P < 0.05) than those in the T6 group. The meal frequency had no effect on the apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, ash, and gross energy, with the exception that the T1 gilts exhibited a greater NDF digestibility than the T6 gilts (P < 0.05). The nitrogen balance analysis revealed that the T1 gilts presented decreased urine excretion of nitrogen (− 8.17 g/d, P < 0.05) and higher nitrogen retention (+ 9.81 g/d, P < 0.05), and thus exhibited higher nitrogen utilization than the T6 gilts. The time-course dynamics of glucose, α-amino nitrogen, urea, lactate, and insulin levels in serum revealed that the T1 group exhibited higher utilization of nutrients after a meal than the T2 or T6 gilts. The T1 gilts also had a higher acetate content and SCFAs in feces than the T6 gilts (P < 0.05). The age, body weight and backfat thickness of the gilts at first estrous expression were not affected by the meal frequency, but the gilts in the T1 group had higher levels of serum luteinizing hormone on the 18th day of the 3rd estrus cycle and 17β-estradiol, a larger number of growing follicles and corpora lutea, and higher mRNA expression levels of genes related to follicular development on the 19th day of the 3rd estrus cycle. Conclusions The current findings revealed the benefits of a lower meal frequency equal feed intake on nutrient utilization and reproductive function in replacement gilts, and thus provide new insights into the nutritional strategy for replacement gilts, and the dietary pattern for other mammals, such as humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Hua
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianpeng Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyu Mao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Wentao Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lin
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - De Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.
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Priyanka HP, Nair RS, Kumaraguru S, Saravanaraj K, Ramasamy V. Insights on neuroendocrine regulation of immune mediators in female reproductive aging and cancer. AIMS MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3934/molsci.2021010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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12
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Valdés-Sustaita B, Estrada-Camarena E, González-Trujano ME, López-Rubalcava C. Estrogen receptors-β and serotonin mediate the antidepressant-like effect of an aqueous extract of pomegranate in ovariectomized rats. Neurochem Int 2020; 142:104904. [PMID: 33220387 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum) fruit is of particular interest because of its high nutritional value and therapeutic actions. Recently, we showed that an aqueous extract of pomegranate (AE-PG) given by oral route induced antidepressant-like actions mediated by estrogen receptors (ERs) suggesting its potential to function as an alternative to estrogen therapy replacement in menopause-related depression treatment. Orally administered AE-PG allows the biotransformation of ellagitannins into active estrogenic compounds through the intestinal microbiota. However, it is necessary to know if compounds that do not need to be biotransformed by the intestinal microbiota are involved in the antidepressant-like effects. Therefore, the first aim of this study was to determine if AE-PG produces an antidepressant-like effect when administered intraperitoneally. Also, to determine the participation of specific ER-subtypes (α or β) and to analyze the role of the serotonergic system. Young female Wistar rats were ovariectomized as a surgical model of menopause. The intraperitoneal administration of AE-PG (1 mg/kg; i. p.) was evaluated in the forced swimming test and open field tests. Also, the ERα antagonist (TPBM; 50 μg/rat; s. c.) or the ERβ antagonist (PHTPP; 25 μg/rat; s. c.) were administered with AE-PG to analyze the participation of the specific ERs. Finally, the effect of the serotonin neurotoxin 5,7-DHT (200 μg/rat; i. c.v.) on the antidepressant-like effect of the AE-PG was studied in independent experimental groups. RESULTS: showed that AE-PG administered by intraperitoneal route induced antidepressant-like effects. This result suggests that gut microbiota biotransformation is not necessary to exert its actions. The mechanism of action involves the activation of the ERβ and the serotonergic system. Altogether, this information contributes to the elucidation of the antidepressant action of the pomegranate fruit, which could be further considered as an alternative treatment for depression during menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Valdés-Sustaita
- Departamento de Farmacobiología. Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados. Calzada de los Tenorios 235. Col. Granjas Coapa 14330, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Erika Estrada-Camarena
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente", Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - María Eva González-Trujano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente", Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Carolina López-Rubalcava
- Departamento de Farmacobiología. Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados. Calzada de los Tenorios 235. Col. Granjas Coapa 14330, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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13
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Taroc EZM, Katreddi RR, Forni PE. Identifying Isl1 Genetic Lineage in the Developing Olfactory System and in GnRH-1 Neurons. Front Physiol 2020; 11:601923. [PMID: 33192618 PMCID: PMC7609815 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.601923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During embryonic development, symmetric ectodermal thickenings [olfactory placodes (OP)] give rise to several cell types that comprise the olfactory system, such as those that form the terminal nerve ganglion (TN), gonadotropin releasing hormone-1 neurons (GnRH-1ns), and other migratory neurons in rodents. Even though the genetic heterogeneity among these cell types is documented, unidentified cell populations arising from the OP remain. One candidate to identify placodal derived neurons in the developing nasal area is the transcription factor Isl1, which was recently identified in GnRH-3 neurons of the terminal nerve in fish, as well as expression in neurons of the nasal migratory mass (MM). Here, we analyzed the Isl1 genetic lineage in chemosensory neuronal populations in the nasal area and migratory GnRH-1ns in mice using in situ hybridization, immunolabeling a Tamoxifen inducible Isl1CreERT and a constitutive Isl1Cre knock-in mouse lines. In addition, we also performed conditional Isl1 ablation in developing GnRH neurons. We found Isl1 lineage across non-sensory cells of the respiratory epithelium and sustentacular cells of OE and VNO. We identified a population of transient embryonic Isl1 + neurons in the olfactory epithelium and sparse Isl1 + neurons in postnatal VNO. Isl1 is expressed in almost all GnRH neurons and in approximately half of the other neuron populations in the MM. However, Isl1 conditional ablation alone does not significantly compromise GnRH-1 neuronal migration or GnRH-1 expression, suggesting compensatory mechanisms. Further studies will elucidate the functional and mechanistic role of Isl1 in development of migratory endocrine neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ed Zandro M Taroc
- Department of Biological Sciences, The RNA Institute, and the Center for Neuroscience Research, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Raghu Ram Katreddi
- Department of Biological Sciences, The RNA Institute, and the Center for Neuroscience Research, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Paolo E Forni
- Department of Biological Sciences, The RNA Institute, and the Center for Neuroscience Research, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, United States
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14
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Estrada-Camarena EM, López-Rubalcava C, Ramírez-Rodríguez GB, Pulido D, Cervantes-Anaya N, Azpilcueta-Morales G, Granados-Juárez A, Vega-Rivera NM, Islas-Preciado D, Treviño S, de Gortari P, González-Trujano ME, García-Viguera C. Aqueous extract of pomegranate enriched in ellagitannins prevents anxiety-like behavior and metabolic changes induced by cafeteria diet in an animal model of menopause. Neurochem Int 2020; 141:104876. [PMID: 33049337 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Women around menopause are vulnerable to present psychiatric and metabolic disorders; thus, therapies that contribute to treat both pathologies are required. Previous reports showed that an aqueous extract of pomegranate (Punica granatum), enriched in ellagitannins, exerts an antidepressant-like effect in ovariectomized rats. We analyze whether this aqueous extract of P. granatum (AE-PG) prevents the anxiety-like behavior induced by a cafeteria diet (CAF) in middle-aged ovariectomized rats at the same time that it prevents an increase in body weight, glucose, lipids, and the changes on mRNA expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) in the liver. Also, the effects of AE-PG on the protein levels of PPAR-γphospho-PPAR-γ, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) and phospho-ERK1/2 were measured in the hippocampus and amygdala. CAF induced anxiety-like behavior, augmented lipids and glucose blood levels, body weight, visceral fat, insulin resistance, and decreased mRNA expression of PPAR-γ in the liver. In rats fed with the CAF, AE-PG prevented the anxiety-like behavior, reduced body weight, lowered lipid levels, reduced insulin resistance, and increased PPAR-γ mRNA expression in the liver. In the hippocampus, ERK1/2 but not PPAR-γ protein levels were decreased by CAF, while AE-PG prevented these effects. In the amygdala, CAF increased the phosphorylation of PPARγ, and AE-PG prevented it. In contrast, AE-PG rescued the decreased ERK1/2 protein level in the hippocampus caused by CAF. In conclusion, AE-PG treatment prevented anxiogenic and metabolic effects induced by CAF, and its effects appear to be mediated by ERK1/2 and PPARγ depending on the brain area studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Estrada-Camarena
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología. Dirección de Neurociencias. Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente", Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - C López-Rubalcava
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados (Sede Sur-Coapa), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - G B Ramírez-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurogénesis. Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas. Dirección de Neurociencias. Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente". Mexico City, Mexico
| | - D Pulido
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología. Dirección de Neurociencias. Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - N Cervantes-Anaya
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología. Dirección de Neurociencias. Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - G Azpilcueta-Morales
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología. Dirección de Neurociencias. Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Granados-Juárez
- Laboratorio de Neurogénesis. Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas. Dirección de Neurociencias. Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente". Mexico City, Mexico
| | - N M Vega-Rivera
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología. Dirección de Neurociencias. Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - D Islas-Preciado
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología. Dirección de Neurociencias. Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - S Treviño
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Benemérita Universidad de Puebla. Puebla, Mexico
| | - P de Gortari
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Molecular. Dirección de Neurociencias. Dirección de Neurociencias. Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M E González-Trujano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales. Dirección de Neurociencias. Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente". Mexico City, Mexico
| | - C García-Viguera
- Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
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15
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Hua L, Feng B, Huang L, Li J, Luo T, Jiang X, Han X, Che L, Xu S, Lin Y, Fang Z, Wu D, Zhuo Y. Time-restricted feeding improves the reproductive function of female mice via liver fibroblast growth factor 21. Clin Transl Med 2020; 10:e195. [PMID: 33135359 PMCID: PMC7533054 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There has been a significant increase, to epidemic levels, of obese and overweight women of reproductive age, causing impairments to reproductive health. Time‐restricted feeding (TRF) including isocaloric intake has shown to be preventive of obesity‐related disorders. However, its therapeutic ability to improve the reproductive function of female remains largely unknown. Methods Here, we investigated the ability of TRF to improve the reproductive function in wild‐type and liver‐specific FGF21 knockout female mice. To study fertility, a continuous and a short‐term fertility test, gonadotropin releasing‐hormone (GnRH), and Kisspeptin test were performed. Immortalized GnRH neuron was used to examine the direct role of liver fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) on GnRH secretion. Results We found that TRF rescues female mice from bodyweight gain and glucose intolerance, as well as ovarian follicle loss and dysfunction of estrus cyclicity induced by high‐fat diet. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of the TRF regimen on the reproductive performance were also observed in mice fed both chow and high‐fat diet. However, those beneficial effects of TRF on metabolism and reproduction were absent in liver‐specific FGF21 knockout mice. In vitro, FGF21 directly acted on GnRH neurons to modulate GnRH secretion via extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK1/2) pathway. Conclusions Overall, time‐restricted feeding improves the reproductive function of female mice and liver FGF21 signaling plays a key role in GnRH neuron activity in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Hua
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Bin Feng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Liansu Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Ting Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xingfa Han
- School of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yan Lin
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - De Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
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16
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Sándor S, Kubinyi E. Genetic Pathways of Aging and Their Relevance in the Dog as a Natural Model of Human Aging. Front Genet 2019; 10:948. [PMID: 31681409 PMCID: PMC6813227 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging research has experienced a burst of scientific efforts in the last decades as the growing ratio of elderly people has begun to pose an increased burden on the healthcare and pension systems of developed countries. Although many breakthroughs have been reported in understanding the cellular mechanisms of aging, the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that contribute to senescence on higher biological levels are still barely understood. The dog, Canis familiaris, has already served as a valuable model of human physiology and disease. The possible role the dog could play in aging research is still an open question, although utilization of dogs may hold great promises as they naturally develop age-related cognitive decline, with behavioral and histological characteristics very similar to those of humans. In this regard, family dogs may possess unmatched potentials as models for investigations on the complex interactions between environmental, behavioral, and genetic factors that determine the course of aging. In this review, we summarize the known genetic pathways in aging and their relevance in dogs, putting emphasis on the yet barely described nature of certain aging pathways in canines. Reasons for highlighting the dog as a future aging and gerontology model are also discussed, ranging from its unique evolutionary path shared with humans, its social skills, and the fact that family dogs live together with their owners, and are being exposed to the same environmental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sára Sándor
- Department of Ethology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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17
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Zavodnov OP, Botasheva TL, Vasil'eva VV, Paliyeva NV, Zheleznyakova EV, Shubitidze MG. [Somnological status of women in late reproductive and perimenopausal periods during treatment of sleep disorders using partial light deprivation]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019; 119:105-111. [PMID: 31317923 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2019119042105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study the characteristics of somnological status in women in the late reproductive, pre- and postmenopausal periods before and after partial light deprivation. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred and eighty-four women of menopausal age were included. A polysomnographic study of night sleep was performed and the excretion of the morning fraction of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin in the urine was measured before and after partial light deprivation in the light-saturated months of the year (from April to October) using optical lenses with a mineral photochromic coating. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The following characteristics of sleep for women with a neuro-vegetative form of menopausal syndrome are identified: the deterioration in the overall effectiveness of sleep, consisting in the increase of 'apnea-hypopnea sleep' in women in premenopause and menopause compared to women in late reproductive period, the increase in the duration of superficial stages of slow-wave sleep, the decrease in the duration of paradoxical sleep, the prevalence of slow-wave sleep in all sleep cycles, the decrease in the duration of paradoxical sleep, the increase in wakefulness in sleep, motor activity and desaturation during sleep that is accompanied by the decrease in the level of 6-sulfate-oxymelatonin in the morning urine compared to women in the late reproductive period. After the use of partial light deprivation, the parameters of the subjective assessment of sleep quality improved in the majority of women and polysomnographic patterns, including the significant increase in melatonin production, reached the normal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- O P Zavodnov
- Rostov State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - T L Botasheva
- Rostov State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - V V Vasil'eva
- Rostov State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - N V Paliyeva
- Rostov State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - E V Zheleznyakova
- Rostov State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - M G Shubitidze
- Rostov State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
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18
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The Cellular Localization of GnRH and LHR in Aged Female Mice. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.12750/jet.2018.33.4.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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19
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Del Río JP, Alliende MI, Molina N, Serrano FG, Molina S, Vigil P. Steroid Hormones and Their Action in Women's Brains: The Importance of Hormonal Balance. Front Public Health 2018; 6:141. [PMID: 29876339 PMCID: PMC5974145 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex hormones significantly impact women's lives. Throughout the different stages of life, from menarche to menopause and all stages in between, women experience dramatic fluctuations in the levels of progesterone and estradiol, among other hormones. These fluctuations affect the body as a whole, including the central nervous system (CNS). In the CNS, sex hormones act via steroid receptors. They also have an effect on different neurotransmitters such as GABA, serotonin, dopamine, and glutamate. Additionally, studies show that sex hormones and their metabolites influence brain areas that regulate mood, behavior, and cognitive abilities. This review emphasizes the benefits a proper hormonal balance during the different stages of life has in the CNS. To achieve this goal, it is essential that hormone levels are evaluated considering a woman's age and ovulatory status, so that a correct diagnosis and treatment can be made. Knowledge of steroid hormone activity in the brain will give women and health providers an important tool for improving their health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Pilar Vigil
- Reproductive Health Research InstituteSantiago, Chile
- Vicerrectoría de ComunicacionesPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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20
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Gaignard P, Liere P, Thérond P, Schumacher M, Slama A, Guennoun R. Role of Sex Hormones on Brain Mitochondrial Function, with Special Reference to Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:406. [PMID: 29270123 PMCID: PMC5725410 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondria have a fundamental role in both cellular energy supply and oxidative stress regulation and are target of the effects of sex steroids, particularly the neuroprotective ones. Aging is associated with a decline in the levels of different steroid hormones, and this decrease may underline some neural dysfunctions. Besides, modifications in mitochondrial functions associated with aging processes are also well documented. In this review, we will discuss studies that describe the modifications of brain mitochondrial function and of steroid levels associated with physiological aging and with neurodegenerative diseases. A special emphasis will be placed on describing and discussing our recent findings concerning the concomitant study of mitochondrial function (oxidative phosphorylation, oxidative stress) and brain steroid levels in both young (3-month-old) and aged (20-month-old) male and female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Gaignard
- U1195 Inserm and University Paris-Sud and University Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Philippe Liere
- U1195 Inserm and University Paris-Sud and University Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Patrice Thérond
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Michael Schumacher
- U1195 Inserm and University Paris-Sud and University Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Abdelhamid Slama
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Rachida Guennoun
- U1195 Inserm and University Paris-Sud and University Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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21
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Taroc EZM, Prasad A, Lin JM, Forni PE. The terminal nerve plays a prominent role in GnRH-1 neuronal migration independent from proper olfactory and vomeronasal connections to the olfactory bulbs. Biol Open 2017; 6:1552-1568. [PMID: 28970231 PMCID: PMC5665474 DOI: 10.1242/bio.029074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone-1 (GnRH-1) neurons (GnRH-1 ns) migrate from the developing olfactory pit into the hypothalamus during embryonic development. Migration of the GnRH-1 neurons is required for mammalian reproduction as these cells control release of gonadotropins from the anterior pituitary gland. Disturbances in GnRH-1 ns migration, GnRH-1 synthesis, secretion or signaling lead to varying degrees of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH), which impairs pubertal onset and fertility. HH associated with congenital olfactory defects is clinically defined as Kallmann Syndrome (KS). The association of olfactory defects with HH in KS suggested a potential direct relationship between defective olfactory axonal routing, lack of olfactory bulbs (OBs) and aberrant GnRH-1 ns migration. However, it has never been experimentally proven that the formation of axonal connections of the olfactory/vomeronasal neurons to their functional targets are necessary for the migration of GnRH-1 ns to the hypothalamus. Loss-of-function of the Arx-1 homeobox gene leads to the lack of proper formation of the OBs with abnormal axonal termination of olfactory sensory neurons (
Yoshihara et al., 2005). Our data prove that correct development of the OBs and axonal connection of the olfactory/vomeronasal sensory neurons to the forebrain are not required for GnRH-1 ns migration, and suggest that the terminal nerve, which forms the GnRH-1 migratory scaffold, follows different guidance cues and differs in gene expression from olfactory/vomeronasal sensory neurons. Summary: Our work reveals that correct olfactory bulb development is not required for GnRH-1 neuronal migration. This study challenges the idea that GnRH-1 neuronal migration to the hypothalamus relies on correct routing of the olfactory and vomeronasal neurons and supports the existence of the TN in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ed Zandro M Taroc
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Aparna Prasad
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Jennifer M Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Paolo E Forni
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
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22
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Koopman ACM, Taziaux M, Bakker J. Age-related changes in the morphology of tanycytes in the human female infundibular nucleus/median eminence. J Neuroendocrinol 2017; 29. [PMID: 28295754 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Tanycytes are emerging as key players in the neuroendocrine control of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release. Rodent studies have demonstrated that the structural relationship between tanycytes and GnRH terminals in the median eminence is highly dynamic, regulated by gonadal steroids and undergoes age-related changes. The present study aimed to determine whether the number and organisation of tanycytes changes throughout life in the female infundibular nucleus/median eminence (INF/ME) region. Post-mortem hypothalamic tissues were collected at the Netherlands Brain Bank and were stained for vimentin by immunohistochemistry. Hypothalami of 22 control female subjects were categorised into three periods: infant/prepubertal, adult and elderly. We measured the fractional area covered by vimentin immunoreactivity in the INF. Qualitative analysis demonstrated a remarkable parallel organisation of vimentin-immunoreactive processes during the infant/prepubertal and adult periods. During the elderly period, this organisation was largely lost. Semi-quantitatively, the fractional area covered in vimentin immunoreactivity was significantly higher at the infant/prepubertal compared to the adult period and almost reached statistical significance compared to the elderly period. By contrast, the number of tanycyte cell bodies did not appear to change throughout life. The results of the present study thus demonstrate that the number and structure of tanycytic processes are altered during ageing, suggesting that tanycytes might be involved in the age-related changes observed in GnRH release.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C M Koopman
- GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - M Taziaux
- GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - J Bakker
- GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Cruz G, Fernandois D, Paredes AH. Ovarian function and reproductive senescence in the rat: role of ovarian sympathetic innervation. Reproduction 2017; 153:R59-R68. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Successful reproduction is the result of a myriad interactions in which the ovary and the ovarian follicular reserve play a fundamental role. At present, women who delay maternity until after 30 years of age have a decreased fertility rate due to various causes, including damaged follicles and a reduction in the reserve pool of follicles. Therefore, the period just prior to menopause, also known as the subfertile period, is important. The possibility of modulating the follicular pool and the health of follicles during this period to improve fertility is worth exploring. We have developed an animal model to study the ovarian ageing process during this subfertile period to understand the mechanisms responsible for reproductive senescence. In the rat model, we have shown that the sympathetic nervous system participates in regulating the follicular development during ovarian ageing. This article reviews the existing evidence on the presence and functional role of sympathetic nerve activity in regulating the follicular development during ovarian ageing, with a focus on the subfertile period.Free Spanish abstract: A Spanish translation of this abstract is freely available athttp://www.reproduction-online.org/content/153/2/R59/suppl/DC1.
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Korenevskii AV, Arutyunyan AV. On the role of biogenic amines and reactive oxygen species in the disruption of the hypothalamic regulation of reproductive function in xenobiotic-induced and experimental hyperhomocysteinemia. NEUROCHEM J+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712416010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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25
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Treen AK, Luo V, Chalmers JA, Dalvi PS, Tran D, Ye W, Kim GL, Friedman Z, Belsham DD. Divergent Regulation of ER and Kiss Genes by 17β-Estradiol in Hypothalamic ARC Versus AVPV Models. Mol Endocrinol 2016; 30:217-33. [PMID: 26726951 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptin (Kiss) and G-protein-coupled receptor (Gpr)54 have emerged as key regulators of reproduction. 17β-estradiol (E2)-mediated regulation of these neurons is nuclei specific, where anteroventral periventricular (AVPV) Kiss neurons are positively regulated by E2, whereas arcuate nucleus (ARC) neurons are inhibited. We have generated immortalized Kiss cell lines from male and female adult-derived murine hypothalamic primary culture, as well as cell lines from microdissected AVPV and ARC from female Kiss-green fluorescent protein (GFP) mice. All exhibit endogenous Kiss-1 expression, estrogen receptors (ER)s (ERα, ERβ, and Gpr30), as well as known markers of AVPV Kiss neurons in the mHypoA-50 and mHypoA-Kiss/GFP-4, vs markers of ARC Kiss neurons in the mHypoA-55 and the mHypoA-Kiss/GFP-3 lines. There was an increase in Kiss-1 mRNA expression at 24 hours in the AVPV lines and a repression of Kiss-1 mRNA at 4 hours in the ARC lines. An E2-mediated decrease in ERα mRNA expression at 24 hours in the AVPV cell lines was detected, and a significant decrease in Gpr30, ERα, and ERβ mRNA levels at 4 hours in the ARC cell lines was evident. ER agonists and antagonists determined the specific ERs responsible for mediating changes in gene expression. In the AVPV, ERα is required but not ERβ or GPR30, vs the ARC Kiss-expressing cell lines that require GPR30, and either ERα and/or ERβ. We determined cAMP response element-binding protein 1 was necessary for the down-regulation of Kiss-1 mRNA expression using small interfering RNA knockdown in the ARC cell model. These studies elucidate some of the molecular events involved in the differential E2-mediated regulation of unique and specific Kiss neuronal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice K Treen
- Departments of Physiology (A.K.T., V.L., J.A.C., P.S.D., D.T., W.Y., G.L.K., Z.F., D.D.B.), Medicine (D.D.B.), and Obstetrics and Gynaecology (D.D.B.), University of Toronto, and Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology (D.D.B.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Vicky Luo
- Departments of Physiology (A.K.T., V.L., J.A.C., P.S.D., D.T., W.Y., G.L.K., Z.F., D.D.B.), Medicine (D.D.B.), and Obstetrics and Gynaecology (D.D.B.), University of Toronto, and Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology (D.D.B.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Jennifer A Chalmers
- Departments of Physiology (A.K.T., V.L., J.A.C., P.S.D., D.T., W.Y., G.L.K., Z.F., D.D.B.), Medicine (D.D.B.), and Obstetrics and Gynaecology (D.D.B.), University of Toronto, and Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology (D.D.B.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Prasad S Dalvi
- Departments of Physiology (A.K.T., V.L., J.A.C., P.S.D., D.T., W.Y., G.L.K., Z.F., D.D.B.), Medicine (D.D.B.), and Obstetrics and Gynaecology (D.D.B.), University of Toronto, and Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology (D.D.B.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Dean Tran
- Departments of Physiology (A.K.T., V.L., J.A.C., P.S.D., D.T., W.Y., G.L.K., Z.F., D.D.B.), Medicine (D.D.B.), and Obstetrics and Gynaecology (D.D.B.), University of Toronto, and Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology (D.D.B.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Wenqing Ye
- Departments of Physiology (A.K.T., V.L., J.A.C., P.S.D., D.T., W.Y., G.L.K., Z.F., D.D.B.), Medicine (D.D.B.), and Obstetrics and Gynaecology (D.D.B.), University of Toronto, and Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology (D.D.B.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Ginah L Kim
- Departments of Physiology (A.K.T., V.L., J.A.C., P.S.D., D.T., W.Y., G.L.K., Z.F., D.D.B.), Medicine (D.D.B.), and Obstetrics and Gynaecology (D.D.B.), University of Toronto, and Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology (D.D.B.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Zoey Friedman
- Departments of Physiology (A.K.T., V.L., J.A.C., P.S.D., D.T., W.Y., G.L.K., Z.F., D.D.B.), Medicine (D.D.B.), and Obstetrics and Gynaecology (D.D.B.), University of Toronto, and Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology (D.D.B.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Denise D Belsham
- Departments of Physiology (A.K.T., V.L., J.A.C., P.S.D., D.T., W.Y., G.L.K., Z.F., D.D.B.), Medicine (D.D.B.), and Obstetrics and Gynaecology (D.D.B.), University of Toronto, and Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology (D.D.B.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
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Ferreira LB, de Nicola AC, Anselmo-Franci JA, Dornelles RCM. Activity of neurons in the preoptic area and their participation in reproductive senescence: Preliminary findings. Exp Gerontol 2015; 72:157-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Fang P, He B, Shi M, Kong G, Dong X, Zhu Y, Bo P, Zhang Z. The regulative effect of galanin family members on link of energy metabolism and reproduction. Peptides 2015; 71:240-9. [PMID: 26188174 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It is essential for the species survival that an efficient coordination between energy storage and reproduction through endocrine regulation. The neuropeptide galanin, one of the endocrine hormones, can potently coordinate energy metabolism and the activities of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal reproductive axis to adjust synthesis and release of metabolic and reproductive hormones in animals and humans. However, few papers have summarized the regulative effect of the galanin family members on the link of energy storage and reproduction as yet. To address this issue, this review attempts to summarize the current information available about the regulative effect of galanin, galanin-like peptide and alarin on the metabolic and reproductive events, with special emphasis on the interactions between galanin and hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone, pituitary luteinizing hormone and ovarian hormones. This research line will further deepen our understanding of the physiological roles of the galanin family in regulating the link of energy metabolism and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghua Fang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Hanlin College, Taizhou 225300, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Biao He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Mingyi Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Guimei Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, China
| | - Xiaoyun Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Ping Bo
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China.
| | - Zhenwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China.
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Yin W, Sun Z, Mendenhall JM, Walker DM, Riha PD, Bezner KS, Gore AC. Expression of Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 2 (vGluT2) on Large Dense-Core Vesicles within GnRH Neuroterminals of Aging Female Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129633. [PMID: 26053743 PMCID: PMC4459826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pulsatile release of GnRH is crucial for normal reproductive physiology across the life cycle, a process that is regulated by hypothalamic neurotransmitters. GnRH terminals co-express the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (vGluT2) as a marker of a glutamatergic phenotype. The current study sought to elucidate the relationship between glutamate and GnRH nerve terminals in the median eminence—the site of GnRH release into the portal capillary vasculature. We also determined whether this co-expression may change during reproductive senescence, and if steroid hormones, which affect responsiveness of GnRH neurons to glutamate, may alter the co-expression pattern. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized at young adult, middle-aged and old ages (~4, 11, and 22 months, respectively) and treated four weeks later with sequential vehicle + vehicle (VEH + VEH), estradiol + vehicle (E2 + VEH), or estradiol + progesterone (E2+P4). Rats were perfused 24 hours after the second hormone treatment. Confocal microscopy was used to determine colocalization of GnRH and vGluT2 immunofluorescence in the median eminence. Post-embedding immunogold labeling of GnRH and vGluT2, and a serial electron microscopy (EM) technique were used to determine the cellular interaction between GnRH terminals and glutamate signaling. Confocal analysis showed that GnRH and vGluT2 immunofluorescent puncta were extensively colocalized in the median eminence and that their density declined with age but was unaffected by short-term hormone treatment. EM results showed that vGluT2 immunoreactivity was extensively associated with large dense-core vesicles, suggesting a unique glutamatergic signaling pathway in GnRH terminals. Our results provide novel subcellular information about the intimate relationship between GnRH terminals and glutamate in the median eminence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiling Yin
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Zengrong Sun
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - John M. Mendenhall
- Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Deena M. Walker
- Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Penny D. Riha
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kelsey S. Bezner
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Andrea C. Gore
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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29
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Cloutier CT, Coxworth JE, Hawkes K. Age-related decline in ovarian follicle stocks differ between chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and humans. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 37:9746. [PMID: 25651885 PMCID: PMC4317403 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9746-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Similarity in oldest parturitions in humans and great apes suggests that we maintain ancestral rates of ovarian aging. Consistent with that hypothesis, previous counts of primordial follicles in postmortem ovarian sections from chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) showed follicle stock decline at the same rate that human stocks decline across the same ages. Here, we correct that finding with a chimpanzee sample more than three times larger than the previous one, which also allows comparison into older ages. Analyses show depletion rates similar until about age 35, but after 35, the human counts continue to fall with age, while the change is much less steep in chimpanzees. This difference implicates likely effects on ovarian dynamics from other physiological systems that are senescing at different rates, and, potentially, different perimenopausal experience for chimpanzees and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina T. Cloutier
- />Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, 270 S 1400 E, Room 102, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - James E. Coxworth
- />Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, 270 S 1400 E, Room 102, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
- />Utah Population Database, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Kristen Hawkes
- />Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, 270 S 1400 E, Room 102, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
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Chen TT, Maevsky EI, Uchitel ML. Maintenance of homeostasis in the aging hypothalamus: the central and peripheral roles of succinate. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:7. [PMID: 25699017 PMCID: PMC4313775 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the phenotype resulting from accumulation of genetic, cellular, and molecular damages. Many factors have been identified as either the cause or consequence of age-related decline in functions and repair mechanisms. The hypothalamus is the source and a target of many of these factors and hormones responsible for the overall homeostasis in the body. With advanced age, the sensitivity of the hypothalamus to various feedback signals begins to decline. In recent years, several aging-related genes have been identified and their signaling pathways elucidated. These gene products include mTOR, IKK-β/NF-κB complex, and HIF-1α, an important cellular survival signal. All of these activators/modulators of the aging process have also been identified in the hypothalamus and shown to play crucial roles in nutrient sensing, metabolic regulation, energy balance, reproductive function, and stress adaptation. This illustrates the central role of the hypothalamus in aging. Inside the mitochondria, succinate is one of the most prominent intermediates of the Krebs cycle. Succinate oxidation in mitochondria provides the most powerful energy output per unit time. Extra-mitochondrial succinate triggers a host of succinate receptor (SUCN1 or GPR91)-mediated signaling pathways in many peripheral tissues including the hypothalamus. One of the actions of succinate is to stabilize the hypoxia and cellular stress conditions by inducing the transcriptional regulator HIF-1α. Through these actions, it is hypothesized that succinate has the potential to restore the gradual but significant loss in functions associated with cellular senescence and systemic aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas T. Chen
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Thomas T. Chen, Department of Life Sciences, Santa Monica College, 1900 Pico Boulevard, Santa Monica, CA 90405, USA e-mail:
| | - Eugene I. Maevsky
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail L. Uchitel
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Arutyunyan AV, Korenevskii AV. Age-related impairment of hypothalamic regulation of the reproductive cycle and its correction. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057014040043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zhang J, Yang L, Lin N, Pan X, Zhu Y, Chen X. Aging-related changes in RP3V kisspeptin neurons predate the reduced activation of GnRH neurons during the early reproductive decline in female mice. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 35:655-68. [PMID: 24112790 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Kisspeptin neurons in the rostral periventricular area of the third ventricle (RP3V) play a key role in relaying the positive feedback effects of estradiol that activate gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons and drive a surge in the GnRH/luteinizing hormone (LH) level. However, the precise role of kisspeptin neurons during female reproductive senescence remains unclear. Focusing on middle-aged intact female mice with irregular estrous cycles, we found a parallel decline in c-Fos-positive kisspeptin neurons and c-Fos-positive GnRH neurons at the time of the GnRH/LH surge. Furthermore, in kisspeptin neurons, the expression of estrogen receptor α (ERα), but not progesterone receptor (PR), decreased with age. Interestingly, some kisspeptin neurons in the RP3V, but none of the GnRH neurons in the rostral preoptic area (rPOA), had a characteristic cellular senescence in middle-aged mice and old mice. These data suggest that, among the groups of neurons involved in reproductive control, the kisspeptin neurons in the RP3V are likely among the earliest to undergo aging processes and thus participate in initiating the early reproductive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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33
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Quintanar JL, Guzmán-Soto I. Hypothalamic neurohormones and immune responses. Front Integr Neurosci 2013; 7:56. [PMID: 23964208 PMCID: PMC3741963 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2013.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive examination of the current literature describing the neural-immune interactions, with emphasis on the most recent findings of the effects of neurohormones on immune system. Particularly, the role of hypothalamic hormones such as Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). In the past few years, interest has been raised in extrapituitary actions of these neurohormones due to their receptors have been found in many non-pituitary tissues. Also, the receptors are present in immune cells, suggesting an autocrine or paracrine role within the immune system. In general, these neurohormones have been reported to exert immunomodulatory effects on cell proliferation, immune mediators release and cell function. The implications of these findings in understanding the network of hypothalamic neuropeptides and immune system are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Luis Quintanar
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes Aguascalientes, México
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Zhang J, Yang LM, Pan XD, Lin N, Chen XC. Increased vesicular γ-GABA transporter and decreased phosphorylation of synapsin I in the rostral preoptic area is associated with decreased gonadotrophin-releasing hormone and c-Fos coexpression in middle-aged female mice. J Neuroendocrinol 2013; 25:753-61. [PMID: 23679216 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Hypothalamic glutamate (Glu) and γ-GABA neurotransmission are involved in the ovarian hormone-induced gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH)/luteinising hormone (LH) surge in rodents. Studies have shown that reduced Glu and increased γ-GABA in the rostral preoptic area (rPOA) of the hypothalamus, where most activated GnRH neurones are located, play a key role in decreasing the reproductive function of female rats. However, the mechanism underlying the altered balance of these neurotransmitters is poorly understood. In the present study, we observed a decline in the function of GnRH neurones in the rPOA at the time of the GnRH/LH surge in middle-aged intact female mice with regular oestrous cycles. In young mice, there is an increase of vesicular Glu transporter 2 on the pro-oestrus afternoon, which is not observed in middle-aged mice. By contrast, vesicular γ-GABA transporter levels in young mice decrease at the time of the LH surge, whereas they increase in middle-aged mice. Of note, we found that, in middle-aged mice at the time of the GnRH/LH surge, the phosphorylation of synapsin I at Ser603 and Ca(2+) /calmodulin-dependent kinase IIα was significantly lower than in young mice. These data suggest that, in middle-aged mice, higher levels of presynaptic stores of GABA, a lack of increase of Glu and a decreased ability of synaptic vesicle mobilisation could account for the imbalance of Glu and GABA in the rPOA, which decreases the activation of GnRH neurones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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35
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Good DJ, Braun T. NHLH2: at the intersection of obesity and fertility. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2013; 24:385-90. [PMID: 23684566 PMCID: PMC3732504 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nescient helix-loop-helix 2 (NHLH2/NSCL2) is a neuronal transcription factor originally thought to be involved in neuronal development and childhood neuroblastomas. Accumulating evidence has since identified roles for NHLH2 in adult phenotypes of obesity and fertility. We summarize these findings here and attempt to link genotype with phenotype in mouse models and humans. In particular, NHLH2 (Nhlh2 in mice) is one of only two genes that are genetically linked to physical activity levels. Nhlh2 also controls obesity and fertility, with strong sexual dimorphism for both phenotypes in Nhlh2 mutant animals. We propose that Nhlh2 might function as a molecular sensor in different adult hypothalamic neurons to regulate energy balance, leading to normal body weight and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J Good
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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Rodríguez SS, Schwerdt JI, Barbeito CG, Flamini MA, Han Y, Bohn MC, Goya RG. Hypothalamic IGF-I gene therapy prolongs estrous cyclicity and protects ovarian structure in middle-aged female rats. Endocrinology 2013; 154:2166-73. [PMID: 23584855 PMCID: PMC3740492 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There is substantial evidence that age-related ovarian failure in rats is preceded by abnormal responsiveness of the neuroendocrine axis to estrogen positive feedback. Because IGF-I seems to act as a permissive factor for proper GnRH neuronal response to estrogen positive feedback and considering that the hypothalamic content of IGF-I declines in middle-aged (M-A) rats, we assessed the effectiveness of long-term IGF-I gene therapy in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) of M-A female rats to extend regular cyclicity and preserve ovarian structure. We used 3 groups of M-A rats: 1 group of intact animals and 2 groups injected, at 36.2 weeks of age, in the MBH with either a bicistronic recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) harboring the genes for IGF-I and the red fluorescent protein DsRed2, or a control rAAV expressing only DsRed2. Daily vaginal smears were taken throughout the study, which ended at 49.5 weeks of age. We measured serum levels of reproductive hormones and assessed ovarian histology at the end of the study. Although most of the rats injected with the IGF-I rAAV had, on the average, well-preserved estrous cyclicity as well as a generally normal ovarian histology, the intact and control rAAV groups showed a high percentage of acyclic rats at the end of the study and ovaries with numerous enlarged cysts and scarce corpora lutea. Serum LH was higher and hyperprolactinemia lower in the treated animals. These results suggest that overexpression of IGF-I in the MBH prolongs normal ovarian function in M-A female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia S Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata, University of La Plata, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
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Korzick DH, Lancaster TS. Age-related differences in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury: effects of estrogen deficiency. Pflugers Arch 2013; 465:669-85. [PMID: 23525672 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-013-1255-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Revised: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite conflicting evidence for the efficacy of hormone replacement therapy in cardioprotection of postmenopausal women, numerous studies have demonstrated reductions in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury following chronic or acute exogenous estradiol (E2) administration in adult male and female, gonad-intact and gonadectomized animals. It has become clear that ovariectomized adult animals may not accurately represent the combined effects of age and E2 deficiency on reductions in ischemic tolerance seen in the postmenopausal female. E2 is known to regulate the transcription of several cardioprotective genes. Acute, non-genomic E2 signaling can also activate many of the same signaling pathways recruited in cardioprotection. Alterations in cardioprotective gene expression or cardioprotective signal transduction are therefore likely to result within the context of aging and E2 deficiency and may help explain the reduced ischemic tolerance and loss of cardioprotection in the senescent female heart. Quantification of the mitochondrial proteome as it adapts to advancing age and E2 deficiency may also represent a key experimental approach to uncover proteins associated with disruptions in cardiac signaling contributing to age-associated declines in ischemic tolerance. These alterations have important ramifications for understanding the increased morbidity and mortality due to ischemic cardiovascular disease seen in postmenopausal females. Functional perturbations that occur in mitochondrial respiration and Ca(2+) sensitivity with age-associated E2 deficiency may also allow for the identification of alternative therapeutic targets for reducing I/R injury and treatment of the leading cause of death in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna H Korzick
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Geller S, Kolasa E, Tillet Y, Duittoz A, Vaudin P. Olfactory ensheathing cells form the microenvironment of migrating GnRH-1 neurons during mouse development. Glia 2013; 61:550-66. [PMID: 23404564 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
During development, GnRH-1 neurons differentiate extracerebraly from the nasal placode and migrate from the vomeronasal organ to the forebrain along vomeronasal and terminal nerves. Numerous studies have described the influence of different molecules on the migration of GnRH-1 neurons, however, the role of microenvironment cells remains poorly understood. This study used GFAP-GFP transgenic mice to detect glial cells at early developmental stages. Using nasal explant cultures, the comigration of glial cells with GnRH-1 neurons was clearly demonstrated. This in vitro approach showed that glial cells began migrating from the explants before GnRH-1 neurons. They remained ahead of the GnRH-1 migratory front and stopped migrating after the GnRH-1 neurons. The association of these glial cells with the axons combined with gene expression analysis of GFAP-GFP sorted cells enabled them to be identified as olfactory ensheathing cells (OEC). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the presence of multiple glial cell-type markers showing several OEC subpopulations surrounding GnRH-1 neurons. Moreover, these OEC expressed genes whose products are involved in the migration of GnRH-1 neurons, such as Nelf and Semaphorin 4. In situ data confirmed that the majority of the GnRH-1 neurons were associated with glial cells along the vomeronasal axons in nasal septum and terminal nerves in the nasal forebrain junction as early as E12.5. Overall, these data demonstrate an OEC microenvironment for migrating GnRH-1 neurons during mouse development. The fact that this glial cell type precedes GnRH-1 neurons and encodes for molecules involved in their nasal migration suggests that it participates in the GnRH-1 system ontogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Geller
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR 0085 INRA, 6175 CNRS, Université François Rabelais de Tours, IFCE, IFR135 Imagerie Fonctionnelle 37380, Nouzilly, France
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Cirilli AR, Cipot SJ. Emergency Evaluation and Management of Vaginal Bleeding in the Nonpregnant Patient. Emerg Med Clin North Am 2012; 30:991-1006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.emc.2012.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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40
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Galas J, Starowicz A, Knapczyk-Stwora K, Tabarowski Z, Szołtys M. Steroid concentrations and immunoexpression of steroidogenic enzymes in ovaries of aged bank voles: effect of photoperiod. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 317:622-9. [PMID: 22952145 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of the present study was to establish morphological and steroidogenic changes occurring in the ovaries of senescent bank voles, with respect to the photoperiod of rearing. Obtained results revealed less pronounced changes in the ovaries of females reared in a long photoperiod (LD). Their gonads still possessed some healthy follicles and old corpora lutea (CLs). Senescence-related changes encompassed the presence of abnormal follicles, large regions containing extra-follicular luteinized granulosa cells and numerous clusters of hypertrophied theca/interstitial cells, exhibiting strong expression of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) and much weaker that of cytochrome P450c17. More pronounced changes were observed in animals reared in short day (SD) conditions and included the presence of only few, usually abnormal follicles and/or remnants of CLs in the surface region, and the isle-like clusters of cells in the ovarian medulla. The clusters were composed of cells generally featuring strong 3β-HSD and/or P450c17 immunoreaction. Steroid content analysis revealed that progesterone dominated in the ovaries of LD bank voles and androgens in SD animals, while estradiol content was very low in both investigated groups. These studies showed for the first time morphological and steroidogenic changes found in the ovaries of senescent bank voles and indicated an important role of length light conditions in the process of reproductive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Galas
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
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Lancaster TS, Jefferson SJ, Hunter JC, Lopez V, Van Eyk JE, Lakatta EG, Korzick DH. Quantitative proteomic analysis reveals novel mitochondrial targets of estrogen deficiency in the aged female rat heart. Physiol Genomics 2012; 44:957-69. [PMID: 22930739 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00184.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of myocardial infarction rises sharply at menopause, implicating a potential role for estrogen (E(2)) loss in age-related increases in ischemic injury. We aimed to identify quantitative changes to the cardiac mitochondrial proteome of aging females, based on the hypothesis that E(2) deficiency exacerbates age-dependent disruptions in mitochondrial proteins. Mitochondria isolated from left ventricles of adult (6 mo) and aged (24 mo) F344 ovary-intact or ovariectomized (OVX) rats were labeled with 8plex isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ; n = 5-6/group). Groups studied were adult, adult OVX, aged, and aged OVX. In vivo coronary artery ligation and in vitro mitochondrial respiration studies were also performed in a subset of rats. We identified 965 proteins across groups and significant directional changes in 67 proteins of aged and/or aged OVX; 32 proteins were unique to aged OVX. Notably, only six proteins were similarly altered in adult OVX (voltage-dependent ion channel 1, adenine nucleotide translocator 1, cytochrome c oxidase subunits VIIc and VIc, catalase, and myosin binding protein C). Proteins affected by aging were primarily related to cellular metabolism, oxidative stress, and cell death. The largest change occurred in monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A), a source of oxidative stress. While acute MAO-A inhibition induced mild uncoupling in aged mitochondria, reductions in infarct size were not observed. Age-dependent alterations in mitochondrial signaling indicate a highly selective myocardial response to E(2) deficiency. The combined proteomic and functional approaches described here offer possibility of new protein targets for experimentation and therapeutic intervention in the aged female population.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Lancaster
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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Caroppo E, D'Amato G. Resumption of ovarian function after 4 years of estro-progestin treatment in a young woman with Crohn's disease and premature ovarian insufficiency: a case report. J Assist Reprod Genet 2012; 29:973-7. [PMID: 22688827 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-012-9816-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the long-term management of a case of premature ovarian insufficiency of unknown origin in a young woman with Crohn's disease. METHOD Here is reported the case of a 20 years old woman with Crohn's disease presenting with two years amenorrhea and FSH and LH levels of 255 mIU/ml and 182 mIU/ml respectively, who received 10 months corticosteroid treatment followed by 7 years of estro-progestin treatment. RESULTS Corticosteroid treatment was ineffective in restoring patients gonadotropin levels as well as ovarian volume, while estro-progestins promoted a prompt reduction in gonadotrophin levels, which returned in the normal range after two years of treatment, as well as restoration of ovarian function, which occurred after four years of estrogens administration, as demonstrated by normal ovarian volume and ovulatory follicles at ultrasound, and by the re-establishment of regular menses after estroprogestin discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS Long-term suppression of the endogenous gonadotropins using estroprogestins may be suggested as a treatment able to restore ovarian responsiveness even in patients with premature ovarian insufficiency showing highly elevated gonadotropin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Caroppo
- ASL Bari, IVF Unit, P.O. Conversano, Via Edmondo De Amicis 5, Conversano, Ba, Italy.
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Estrada-Camarena E, López-Rubalcava C, Hernández-Aragón A, Mejía-Mauries S, Picazo O. Long-term ovariectomy modulates the antidepressant-like action of estrogens, but not of antidepressants. J Psychopharmacol 2011; 25:1365-77. [PMID: 21890587 DOI: 10.1177/0269881111408456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Controversial results related to effectiveness of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) to alleviate depression are frequently reported. The discrepancies could be related to (a) time when ERT is initiated after the beginning of menopause and/or (b) type of estrogen used. Furthermore, estrogens modulate the antidepressant effect of different compounds; therefore, the effectiveness of antidepressant drugs could also depend on the menopausal status. The aim of the present study was to analyze whether the time after estrogen decline can influence antidepressant-like effects of two estrogens and/or two antidepressants. Thus, the antidepressant-like actions of 17β-estradiol (E(2)), 17α-ethynyl-estradiol (EE(2)), fluoxetine (FLX) and desipramine (DMI) were studied at different periods (1, 3 and 12 weeks) after ovariectomy (OVX), using the forced swimming test (FST). Results showed that OVX increased depressive-like behavior only 1 week after OVX. The antidepressant-like actions of E(2), but not those of EE(2), were cancelled 12 weeks after OVX. Conversely, antidepressant-like actions of FLX and DMI were observed at 1, 3 and 12 weeks after OVX. In conclusion, while the antidepressant-like effects of estrogens depended on the time at which treatment is initiated after OVX as well as on the estrogenic compound used, antidepressant-like effects of FLX and DMI were not blocked by OVX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Estrada-Camarena
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología, Dirección de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría 'Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz', Mexico City, Mexico.
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Shaw ND, Srouji SS, Histed SN, Hall JE. Differential effects of aging on estrogen negative and positive feedback. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2011; 301:E351-5. [PMID: 21558550 PMCID: PMC3154535 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00150.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated an age-related decline in gonadotropins and a decrease in pituitary responsiveness to GnRH, indicating that aging influences the neuroendocrine components of the female reproductive axis independently of changes in ovarian function. To determine whether aging might also affect the luteinizing hormone (LH) negative and positive feedback responses to gonadal steroids, we administered a controlled, graded sex steroid infusion to 11 younger (45-56 yr) and nine older (70-80 yr) postmenopausal women (PMW) in whom endogenous ovarian steroids and peptides are uniformly low. The doses of estradiol (E(2)) and progesterone (P) were chosen to mimic levels across the normal follicular phase and have been shown previously to induce negative followed by positive feedback on LH. Similar E(2) and P levels were achieved in younger and older PMW (P = 0.4 and 0.3, respectively) and produced a biphasic LH response in all subjects. The early decline in LH to 53% of baseline was not different in older vs. younger PMW. However, the positive feedback effect was attenuated in older compared with younger PMW (peak LH 144.4 ± 19.5 vs. 226.8 ± 22.3 IU/l, respectively, P = 0.01). In conclusion, these studies in PMW demonstrate preservation of short-term steroid negative and positive feedback in response to exogenous E(2) and P with aging. Attenuation of positive feedback in older compared with younger PMW is consistent with previous reports of declining GnRH responsiveness with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. D. Shaw
- 1Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital; and
- 2Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - S. S. Srouji
- 1Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital; and
| | - S. N. Histed
- 1Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital; and
| | - J. E. Hall
- 1Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital; and
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Abstract
Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-secreting neurones are the final output of the central nervous system driving fertility in all mammals. Although it has been known for decades that the efficiency of communication between the hypothalamus and the pituitary depends on the pulsatile profile of GnRH secretion, how GnRH neuronal activity is patterned to generate pulses at the median eminence is unknown. To date, the scattered distribution of the GnRH cell bodies remains the main limitation to assessing the cellular events that could lead to pulsatile GnRH secretion. Taking advantage of the unique developmental feature of GnRH neurones, the nasal explant model allows primary GnRH neurones to be maintained within a micro-network where pulsatile secretion is preserved and where individual cellular activity can be monitored simultaneously across the cell population. This review summarises the data obtained from work using this in vitro model, and brings some insights into GnRH cellular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Constantin
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Tsai PS, Brooks LR, Rochester JR, Kavanaugh SI, Chung WCJ. Fibroblast growth factor signaling in the developing neuroendocrine hypothalamus. Front Neuroendocrinol 2011; 32:95-107. [PMID: 21129392 PMCID: PMC3050526 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling is pivotal to the formation of numerous central regions. Increasing evidence suggests FGF signaling also directs the development of the neuroendocrine hypothalamus, a collection of neuroendocrine neurons originating primarily within the nose and the ventricular zone of the diencephalon. This review outlines evidence for a role of FGF signaling in the prenatal and postnatal development of several hypothalamic neuroendocrine systems. The emphasis is placed on the nasally derived gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons, which depend on neurotrophic cues from FGF signaling throughout the neurons' lifetime. Although less is known about neuroendocrine neurons derived from the diencephalon, recent studies suggest they also exhibit variable levels of dependence on FGF signaling. Overall, FGF signaling provides a broad spectrum of cues that ranges from genesis, cell survival/death, migration, morphological changes, to hormone synthesis in the neuroendocrine hypothalamus. Abnormal FGF signaling will deleteriously impact multiple hypothalamic neuroendocrine systems, resulting in the disruption of diverse physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-San Tsai
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0354, USA.
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Peng J, Xu H, Yang B, Hu J, Zhang BP, Zou L, Kuang HB. Plasma levels of kisspeptins in postmenopausal Chinese women do not show substantial elevation. Peptides 2010; 31:2255-8. [PMID: 20833219 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The menopause, defined as the permanent cessation of menstruation resulting from ovarian failure, is characterized by elevated levels of serum gonadotropins. Recent studies have demonstrated that the gonadotropin hypersecretion in postmenopausal women is secondary to increase of KiSS-1 mRNA from the hypothalamus neurons, which encoded kisspeptin peptides. The present study was designed to determine whether plasma kisspeptins levels are altered in postmenopausal women. Blood samples were taken from 145 postmenopausal women, 35 young women and 30 pregnant women control in the first trimester. The plasma concentration of kisspeptins, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol (E₂) was measured using immunoassay kits. Results indicated that plasma kisspeptins levels in postmenopausal women had higher than those in young women (5.25±0.36; 4.48±0.34 pmol/L), but no significant difference was found between the two groups (p=0.179). Plasma FSH and LH levels were significantly higher in postmenopausal women (124.67±12.78, 57.14±3.57 mIu/mL) than those in young women (9.23±2.78, 7.56±2.71 mIu/mL, p<0.001). However, Plasma kisspeptins levels were not significantly correlated to FSH and LH in postmenopausal women (r=-0.23, 0.324; p=0.927, 0.176, respectively), and also there was no any correlation between plasma kisspeptins and E₂ in postmenopausal women (r=-0.065; p=0.792). Collectively, there was no significant difference in plasma kisspeptins levels between postmenopausal and young women. Our result suggested that kisspeptins' role during menopause might mainly act in central rather than peripheral system and it could not be currently used as a clinical marker for menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Peng
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Abstract
The median eminence at the base of the hypothalamus serves as an interface between the neural and peripheral endocrine systems. It releases hypothalamic-releasing hormones into the portal capillary bed for transport to the anterior pituitary, which provides further signals to target endocrine systems. Of specific relevance to reproduction, a group of about 1000 neurons in mammals release the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) peptide from neuroterminals in the median eminence. During the life cycle, there are dramatic changes in reproductive demands, and we focus this review on how GnRH terminals in the median eminence change during reproductive senescence. We discuss morphological and functional properties of the median eminence, and how relationships among GnRH terminals and their microenvironment of nerve terminals, glial cells, and the portal capillary vasculature determine the ability of GnRH peptide to be secreted and to reach its target in the anterior pituitary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiling Yin
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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Chung WCJ, Tsai PS. Role of fibroblast growth factor signaling in gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuronal system development. FRONTIERS OF HORMONE RESEARCH 2010; 39:37-50. [PMID: 20389084 DOI: 10.1159/000312692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence demonstrating that fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling is important for the development of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal system. In humans, loss-of-function mutations in FGF receptor 1 (Fgfr1) and Fgf8 lead to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) with or without anosmia. Insights into how FGF signaling deficiency disrupts the GnRH system in humans are beginning to emerge from studies using transgenic mouse models. In this review, we summarize GnRH system defects in several lines of FGF signaling-deficient mice. We showed that FGF signaling is critically required for olfactory placode induction, differentiation, and GnRH neuronal fate specification and postnatal maintenance. Extrapolating from these transgenic mouse data, we suggest that idiopathic HH in patients harboring loss-of-function Fgfr1 and/or Fgf8 mutations is not merely a result of defective GnRH neuronal migration, but also insults accumulated in the GnRH system during fate specification and postnatal development.
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50
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Shaw ND, Histed SN, Srouji SS, Yang J, Lee H, Hall JE. Estrogen negative feedback on gonadotropin secretion: evidence for a direct pituitary effect in women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95:1955-61. [PMID: 20133465 PMCID: PMC2853991 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2009-2108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Studies in humans and animals indicate that estrogen negative feedback occurs at the level of the hypothalamus, but it is unclear whether estrogen also exerts an inhibitory effect directly at the pituitary. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to determine whether estrogen has a direct negative feedback effect at the pituitary and whether this varies with aging. DESIGN AND SETTING A GnRH antagonist and graded doses of GnRH were used to isolate pituitary responsiveness before and after estrogen administration in Clinical Research Center studies at an academic medical center. SUBJECTS Subjects were healthy postmenopausal women aged 48-56 yr (n = 8) or 70-75 yr (n= 8). INTERVENTIONS A suppressive dose of the NAL-GLU GnRH antagonist was administered, followed by graded doses of GnRH before and after 1 month of estrogen administration. RESULTS LH and FSH responses to GnRH decreased after estrogen administration (P = 0.01 and P = 0.0001, respectively). The ratio of FSH to LH amplitudes decreased in response to estrogen (P = 0.04) indicating a greater sensitivity of FSH than LH to inhibition by estrogen. The inhibitory effect of estrogen on FSH was attenuated with aging (P = 0.02), but was maintained for LH (P = 0.4). CONCLUSIONS Studies that control for endogenous GnRH and estradiol demonstrate a direct pituitary site of estrogen negative feedback on LH and FSH responsiveness to GnRH in women. The effect of estrogen on FSH responsiveness is greater than on LH and is attenuated with aging. These studies indicate that estrogen negative feedback occurs directly at the pituitary and contributes to the differential regulation of FSH and LH secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D Shaw
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit, BHX-5, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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