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Bhat S, Ahanger IA, Kazim SN. Forthcoming Developments in Models to Study the Hepatitis B Virus Replication Cycle, Pathogenesis, and Pharmacological Advancements. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:14273-14289. [PMID: 37125123 PMCID: PMC10134252 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma are all manifestations of chronic hepatitis B. Its pathogenesis and molecular mechanism remain mysterious. As medical science progresses, different models are being used to study the disease from the physiological and molecular levels. Animal models have played an unprecedented role in achieving in-depth knowledge of the disease while posing no risk of harming humans throughout the study. The scarcity of acceptable animal models has slowed progress in hepatitis B virus (HBV) research and preclinical testing of antiviral medicines since HBV has a narrow species tropism and exclusively infects humans and higher primates. The development of human chimeric mice was supported by a better understanding of the obstacles to interspecies transmission, which has substantially opened the way for HBV research in vivo and the evaluation of possible chronic hepatitis B therapeutics. Animal models are cumbersome to handle, not accessible, and expensive. Hence, it is herculean to investigate the HBV replication cycle in animal models. Therefore, it becomes essential to build a splendid in vitro cell culture system to demonstrate the mechanisms attained by the HBV for its multiplication and sustenance. We also addressed the advantages and caveats associated with different models in examining HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad
Ahmad Bhat
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Ishfaq Ahmad Ahanger
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
- Clinical
Biochemistry University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Syed Naqui Kazim
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
- Phone: +91 9953621758.
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Suresh M, Menne S. Recent Drug Development in the Woodchuck Model of Chronic Hepatitis B. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081711. [PMID: 36016334 PMCID: PMC9416195 DOI: 10.3390/v14081711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is responsible for the increasing global hepatitis burden, with an estimated 296 million people being carriers and living with the risk of developing chronic liver disease and cancer. While the current treatment options for chronic hepatitis B (CHB), including oral nucleos(t)ide analogs and systemic interferon-alpha, are deemed suboptimal, the path to finding an ultimate cure for this viral disease is rather challenging. The lack of suitable laboratory animal models that support HBV infection and associated liver disease progression is one of the major hurdles in antiviral drug development. For more than four decades, experimental infection of the Eastern woodchuck with woodchuck hepatitis virus has been applied for studying the immunopathogenesis of HBV and developing new antiviral therapeutics against CHB. There are several advantages to this animal model that are beneficial for performing both basic and translational HBV research. Previous review articles have focused on the value of this animal model in regard to HBV replication, pathogenesis, and immune response. In this article, we review studies of drug development and preclinical evaluation of direct-acting antivirals, immunomodulators, therapeutic vaccines, and inhibitors of viral entry, gene expression, and antigen release in the woodchuck model of CHB since 2014 until today and discuss their significance for clinical trials in patients.
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3
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Hong X, Kawasawa YI, Menne S, Hu J. Host cell-dependent late entry step as determinant of hepatitis B virus infection. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010633. [PMID: 35714170 PMCID: PMC9246237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has a highly restricted host range and cell tropism. Other than the human sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (huNTCP), the HBV entry receptor, host determinants of HBV susceptibility are poorly understood. Woodchucks are naturally infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV), closely related to HBV, but not with HBV. Here, we investigated the capabilities of woodchuck hepatic and human non-hepatic cell lines to support HBV infection. DNA transfection assays indicated that all cells tested supported both HBV and WHV replication steps post entry, including the viral covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) formation, which is essential for establishing and sustaining infection. Ectopic expression of huNTCP rendered one, but not the other, woodchuck hepatic cell line and the non-hepatic human cell line competent to support productive HBV entry, defined here by cccDNA formation during de novo infection. All huNTCP-expressing cell lines tested became susceptible to infection with hepatitis D virus (HDV) that shares the same entry receptor and initial steps of entry with HBV, suggesting that a late entry/trafficking step(s) of HBV infection was defective in one of the two woodchuck cell lines. In addition, the non-susceptible woodchuck hepatic cell line became susceptible to HBV after fusion with human hepatic cells, suggesting the lack of a host cell-dependent factor(s) in these cells. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of the two woodchuck cell lines revealed widespread differences in gene expression in multiple biological processes that may contribute to HBV infection. In conclusion, other than huNTCP, neither human- nor hepatocyte-specific factors are essential for productive HBV entry. Furthermore, a late trafficking step(s) during HBV infection, following the shared entry steps with HDV and before cccDNA formation, is subject to host cell regulation and thus, a host determinant of HBV infection. Fundamental studies on, and development of therapies against, chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, which inflicts hundreds of millions worldwide, are impeded by deficiencies in HBV-susceptible animal models. HBV displays a strict species and cell tropism that are not clearly understood. Here, by studying replication of HBV, and the related woodchuck hepatitis virus, in human and woodchuck hepatic or non-hepatic cells, we found that non-hepatic human cells and some woodchuck hepatic cells could support productive HBV entry after expression of the human cell receptor for HBV. Moreover, by studying the infection of hepatitis D virus, which shares the same entry receptor and initial steps of entry with HBV, we could narrow down a host determinant of HBV infection operating at a late entry/trafficking step(s). Our study thus provides new insights into determinants of HBV host tropism and facilitates the development of HBV-susceptible animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xupeng Hong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yuka Imamura Kawasawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Stephan Menne
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Jianming Hu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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4
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Waterman JM, Gossmann TI, Brandler O, Koprowski JL. Editorial: Ecological, Behavioral and Genomic Consequences in the Rodent Family Sciuridae: Why Are Squirrels So Diverse? Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.765558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kang L, Michalak P, Hallerman E, Moncrief ND. A Draft Genome Assembly for the Eastern Fox Squirrel, Sciurus niger. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2021; 11:6373894. [PMID: 34550334 PMCID: PMC8664420 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The eastern fox squirrel, Sciurus niger, exhibits marked geographic variation in size and coat color, is a model organism for studies of behavior and ecology, and a potential model for investigating physiological solutions to human porphyrias. We assembled a genome using Illumina HiSeq, PacBio SMRT, and Oxford Nanopore MinION sequencing platforms. Together, the sequencing data resulted in a draft genome of 2.99 Gb, containing 32,830 scaffolds with an average size of 90.9Kb and N50 of 183.8 Kb. Genome completeness was estimated to be 93.78%. A total of 24,443 protein-encoding genes were predicted from the assembly, and 23,079 (94.42%) were annotated. Repeat elements comprised an estimated 38.49% of the genome, with the majority being LINEs (13.92%), SINEs (6.04%), and LTR elements. The topology of the species tree reconstructed using maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis was congruent with those of previous studies. This genome assembly can prove useful for comparative studies of genome structure and function in this rapidly diversifying lineage of mammals, for studies of population genomics and adaptation, and for biomedical research. Predicted amino acid sequence alignments for genes affecting heme biosynthesis, color vision and hibernation showed point mutations and indels that may affect protein function and ecological adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Kang
- Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71203, USA.,Center for One Health Research, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Pawel Michalak
- Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71203, USA.,Center for One Health Research, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA.,Institute of Evolution, Haifa University, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Eric Hallerman
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Nancy D Moncrief
- Virginia Museum of Natural History, 21 Starling Avenue, Martinsville, Virginia 24112, USA. 276.634.4177
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B infection is rarely curative, thus research in HBV cure strategies is a priority. Drug development and testing has been hampered by the lack of robust cell culture systems and small animal models. This review summarizes existing models for HBV cure research and focuses on recent developments since 2017 until today. RECENT FINDINGS The field has progressed in the development of cell culture and animal models to study HBV. Although early cell culture systems relied on transfection of HBV genomes in hepatoma cell lines, novel models expressing the entry receptor for HBV are susceptible to infection. Improved culture conditions for primary human hepatocytes, the primary target of HBV, have enabled the screening and validation of novel antivirals. Mouse models grafted with partially humanized livers are suitable for testing viral entry inhibitors or direct acting antivirals, and can be reconstituted with human immune cells to analyze immunotherapies. Other immunocompetent models include mice transduced with HBV genomes or woodchucks infected with their native hepatitis virus. SUMMARY Model systems for HBV research have helped lay the groundwork for the development and optimization of antiviral and immune-based therapeutic approaches that are now moving to clinical trials.
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Suresh M, Menne S. Application of the woodchuck animal model for the treatment of hepatitis B virus-induced liver cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:509-535. [PMID: 34163570 PMCID: PMC8204361 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i6.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review describes woodchucks chronically infected with the woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) as an animal model for hepatocarcinogenesis and treatment of primary liver cancer or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) induced by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Since laboratory animal models susceptible to HBV infection are limited, woodchucks experimentally infected with WHV, a hepatitis virus closely related to HBV, are increasingly used to enhance our understanding of virus-host interactions, immune response, and liver disease progression. A correlation of severe liver pathogenesis with high-level viral replication and deficient antiviral immunity has been established, which are present during chronic infection after WHV inoculation of neonatal woodchucks for modeling vertical HBV transmission in humans. HCC in chronic carrier woodchucks develops 17 to 36 mo after neonatal WHV infection and involves liver tumors that are comparable in size, morphology, and molecular gene signature to those of HBV-infected patients. Accordingly, woodchucks with WHV-induced liver tumors have been used for the improvement of imaging and ablation techniques of human HCC. In addition, drug efficacy studies in woodchucks with chronic WHV infection have revealed that prolonged treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogs, alone or in combination with other compounds, minimizes the risk of liver disease progression to HCC. More recently, woodchucks have been utilized in the delineation of mechanisms involved in innate and adaptive immune responses against WHV during acute, self-limited and chronic infections. Therapeutic interventions based on modulating the deficient host antiviral immunity have been explored in woodchucks for inducing functional cure in HBV-infected patients and for reducing or even delaying associated liver disease sequelae, including the onset of HCC. Therefore, woodchucks with chronic WHV infection constitute a well-characterized, fully immunocompetent animal model for HBV-induced liver cancer and for preclinical evaluation of the safety and efficacy of new modalities, which are based on chemo, gene, and immune therapy, for the prevention and treatment of HCC in patients for which current treatment options are dismal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasa Suresh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Stephan Menne
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, United States
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8
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Korolowicz KE, Suresh M, Li B, Huang X, Yon C, Leng X, Kallakury BV, Tucker RD, Menne S. Treatment with the Immunomodulator AIC649 in Combination with Entecavir Produces Antiviral Efficacy in the Woodchuck Model of Chronic Hepatitis B. Viruses 2021; 13:v13040648. [PMID: 33918831 PMCID: PMC8069054 DOI: 10.3390/v13040648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As current interventions for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) rarely induce cure, more effective drugs are needed. Short-term treatment of woodchucks with the novel immunomodulator AIC649, a parapoxvirus-based stimulator of toll-like receptor 9 dependent and independent pathways, has been shown to reduce viral DNA and surface antigen via a unique, biphasic response pattern. The present study evaluated long-term AIC649 treatment in combination with Entecavir for potency and safety in woodchucks. AIC649 monotreatment induced modest reductions in serum viral DNA and surface and e antigens that were associated with the same biphasic response pattern previously observed. Entecavir monotreatment reduced transiently viremia but not antigenemia, while AIC649/Entecavir combination treatment mediated superior viral control. Undetectability of viral antigens and elicitation of antibodies in AIC649/Entecavir-treated woodchucks correlated with the expression of interferons and suppression of viral replication in liver. Combination treatment was well tolerated, and liver enzyme elevations were minor and transient. It was concluded that the AIC649-mediated effects were most likely based on an improvement and/or reconstitution of antiviral immune responses that are typically deficient in CHB. As a combination partner to Entecavir, the antiviral efficacy of AIC649 was markedly enhanced. This preclinical study supports future evaluation of AIC649 for treatment of human CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle E. Korolowicz
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (K.E.K.); (M.S.); (B.L.); (X.H.); (C.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Manasa Suresh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (K.E.K.); (M.S.); (B.L.); (X.H.); (C.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (K.E.K.); (M.S.); (B.L.); (X.H.); (C.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Xu Huang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (K.E.K.); (M.S.); (B.L.); (X.H.); (C.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Changsuek Yon
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (K.E.K.); (M.S.); (B.L.); (X.H.); (C.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Xuebing Leng
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (K.E.K.); (M.S.); (B.L.); (X.H.); (C.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Bhaskar V. Kallakury
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| | - Robin D. Tucker
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| | - Stephan Menne
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (K.E.K.); (M.S.); (B.L.); (X.H.); (C.Y.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(202)-687-2949
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Mauda-Havakuk M, Mikhail AS, Starost MF, Jones EC, Karim B, Kleiner DE, Partanen A, Esparza-Trujillo JA, Bakhutashvili I, Wakim PG, Kassin MT, Lewis AL, Karanian JW, Wood BJ, Pritchard WF. Imaging, Pathology, and Immune Correlates in the Woodchuck Hepatic Tumor Model. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2021; 8:71-83. [PMID: 33728278 PMCID: PMC7955744 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s287800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Woodchucks chronically infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV), which resembles human hepatitis B virus, develop spontaneous hepatic tumors and may be an important biological and immunological model for human HCC. Nonetheless, this model requires further validation to fully realize its translational potential. Methods Woodchucks infected at birth with WHV that had developed HCC (n=12) were studied. Computed tomography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging were performed under anesthesia. LI-RADS scoring and correlative histologic analysis of sectioned tissues were performed. For immune characterization of tumors, CD3 (T cells), CD4 (T helpers), NCAM (Natural killers), FOXP3 (T-regulatory), PDL-1 (inhibitory checkpoint protein), and the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) biomarker alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) immunohistochemical stains were performed. Results Forty tumors were identified on imaging of which 29 were confirmed to be HCC with 26 categorized as LR-4 or 5. The remainder of the tumors had benign histology including basophilic foci, adenoma, and lipidosis as well as pre-malignant dysplastic foci. LR-4 and LR-5 lesions showed high sensitivity (90%) and specificity (100%) for malignant and pre-malignant tumors. Natural killers count was found to be 2–5 times lower in tumors relative to normal parenchyma while other immune cells were located in the periphery of tumors. Tumors expressed AFP and did not express PD-L1. Conclusion Woodchucks chronically infected with WHV developed diverse hepatic tumor types with diagnostic imaging, pathology, and immune patterns comparable to that in humans. This unique animal model may provide a valuable tool for translation and validation of novel image-guided and immune-therapeutic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Mauda-Havakuk
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew S Mikhail
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew F Starost
- Division of Veterinary Resources, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Jones
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Baktiar Karim
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - David E Kleiner
- Center for Cancer Research, Clinical Center, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ari Partanen
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juan A Esparza-Trujillo
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ivane Bakhutashvili
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul G Wakim
- Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael T Kassin
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew L Lewis
- Biocompatibles UK Ltd (a BTG International Group Company), Camberley, UK
| | - John W Karanian
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bradford J Wood
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering and National Cancer Institute Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William F Pritchard
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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10
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Puiu D, Zimin A, Shumate A, Ge Y, Qiu J, Bhaskaran M, Salzberg SL. The genome of the American groundhog, Marmota monax. F1000Res 2020; 9:1137. [PMID: 33274050 PMCID: PMC7682491 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.25970.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We sequenced the genome of the North American groundhog, Marmota monax, also known as the woodchuck. Our sequencing strategy included a combination of short, high-quality Illumina reads plus long reads generated by both Pacific Biosciences and Oxford Nanopore instruments. Assembly of the combined data produced a genome of 2.74 Gbp in total length, with an N50 contig size of 1,094,236 bp. To annotate the genome, we mapped the genes from another M. monax genome and from the closely related Alpine marmot, Marmota marmota, onto our assembly, resulting in 20,559 annotated protein-coding genes and 28,135 transcripts. The genome assembly and annotation are available in GenBank under BioProject PRJNA587092.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Puiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21211, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21211, USA
| | - Aleksey Zimin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21211, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21211, USA
| | - Alaina Shumate
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21211, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21211, USA
| | - Yuchen Ge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21211, USA
| | - Jiabin Qiu
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Manoj Bhaskaran
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Steven L. Salzberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21211, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21211, USA
- Departments of Computer Science and Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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11
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Liu LY, Ma XZ, Ouyang B, Ings DP, Marwah S, Liu J, Chen AY, Gupta R, Manuel J, Chen XC, Gage BK, Cirlan I, Khuu N, Chung S, Camat D, Cheng M, Sekhon M, Zagorovsky K, Abdou Mohamed MA, Thoeni C, Atif J, Echeverri J, Kollmann D, Fischer S, Bader GD, Chan WCW, Michalak TI, McGilvray ID, MacParland SA. Nanoparticle Uptake in a Spontaneous and Immunocompetent Woodchuck Liver Cancer Model. ACS NANO 2020; 14:4698-4715. [PMID: 32255624 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is a tremendous focus on the application of nanomaterials for the treatment of cancer. Nonprimate models are conventionally used to assess the biomedical utility of nanomaterials. However, these animals often lack an intact immunological background, and the tumors in these animals do not develop spontaneously. We introduce a preclinical woodchuck hepatitis virus-induced liver cancer model as a platform for nanoparticle (NP)-based in vivo experiments. Liver cancer development in these out-bred animals occurs as a result of persistent viral infection, mimicking human hepatitis B virus-induced HCC development. We highlight how this model addresses key gaps associated with other commonly used tumor models. We employed this model to (1) track organ biodistribution of gold NPs after intravenous administration, (2) examine their subcellular localization in the liver, (3) determine clearance kinetics, and (4) characterize the identity of hepatic macrophages that take up NPs using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). We found that the liver and spleen were the primary sites of NP accumulation. Subcellular analyses revealed accumulation of NPs in the lysosomes of CD14+ cells. Through RNA-seq, we uncovered that immunosuppressive macrophages within the woodchuck liver are the major cell type that take up injected NPs. The woodchuck-HCC model has the potential to be an invaluable tool to examine NP-based immune modifiers that promote host anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Y Liu
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Sciences Building, Room 6271, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Xue-Zhong Ma
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Ben Ouyang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Rosebrugh Building, Room 407, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G9
| | - Danielle P Ings
- Molecular Virology and Hepatology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Memorial University, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3V6
| | - Sagar Marwah
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Jeff Liu
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Room 230, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E1
| | - Annie Y Chen
- Molecular Virology and Hepatology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Memorial University, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3V6
| | - Rahul Gupta
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Justin Manuel
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Xu-Chun Chen
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Blair K Gage
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Iulia Cirlan
- Princess Margaret Genomics Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Nicholas Khuu
- Princess Margaret Genomics Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Sai Chung
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Sciences Building, Room 6271, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Damra Camat
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Sciences Building, Room 6271, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Michael Cheng
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
- Luna Nanotech, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1Y8
| | - Manmeet Sekhon
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Kyryl Zagorovsky
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Rosebrugh Building, Room 407, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G9
- Luna Nanotech, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1Y8
| | - Mohamed A Abdou Mohamed
- Luna Nanotech, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1Y8
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt 44519
| | - Cornelia Thoeni
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Jawairia Atif
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Sciences Building, Room 6271, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Juan Echeverri
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Dagmar Kollmann
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Sandra Fischer
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Sciences Building, Room 6271, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Gary D Bader
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Room 230, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E1
| | - Warren C W Chan
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Rosebrugh Building, Room 407, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G9
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Room 450, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E1
| | - Tomasz I Michalak
- Molecular Virology and Hepatology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Memorial University, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3V6
| | - Ian D McGilvray
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Sonya A MacParland
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Sciences Building, Room 6271, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Sciences Building, Room 6271, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
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12
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Akkina R, Barber DL, Bility MT, Bissig KD, Burwitz BJ, Eichelberg K, Endsley JJ, Garcia JV, Hafner R, Karakousis PC, Korba BE, Koshy R, Lambros C, Menne S, Nuermberger EL, Ploss A, Podell BK, Poluektova LY, Sanders-Beer BE, Subbian S, Wahl A. Small Animal Models for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B, and Tuberculosis: Proceedings of an NIAID Workshop. Curr HIV Res 2020; 18:19-28. [PMID: 31870268 PMCID: PMC7403688 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x18666191223114019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The main advantage of animal models of infectious diseases over in vitro studies is the gain in the understanding of the complex dynamics between the immune system and the pathogen. While small animal models have practical advantages over large animal models, it is crucial to be aware of their limitations. Although the small animal model at least needs to be susceptible to the pathogen under study to obtain meaningful data, key elements of pathogenesis should also be reflected when compared to humans. Well-designed small animal models for HIV, hepatitis viruses and tuberculosis require, additionally, a thorough understanding of the similarities and differences in the immune responses between humans and small animals and should incorporate that knowledge into the goals of the study. To discuss these considerations, the NIAID hosted a workshop on 'Small Animal Models for HIV, Hepatitis B, and Tuberculosis' on May 30, 2019. Highlights of the workshop are outlined below.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Brigitte E. Sanders-Beer
- Address correspondence to this author at the Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 5601 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, MD 20892-9830, USA; Tel: (240) 627-3209; E-mail:
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