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Leber M, Moncrief ND, Gatens LJ, Michel M, Brinkerhoff RJ. Use of mammalian museum specimens to test hypotheses about the geographic expansion of Lyme disease in the southeastern United States. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2022; 13:102018. [PMID: 35964455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.102018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Lyme disease, caused primarily in North America by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, is the most frequently reported vector-borne disease in North America and its geographic extent is increasing in all directions from foci in the northeastern and north central United States. Several southeastern states, including Virginia and North Carolina, have experienced large increases in Lyme disease incidence in the past two decades, with the biggest changes in incidence occurring in the western portion of each state. We tested the hypothesis that B. burgdorferi s.s. was present in western Virginia and North Carolina Peromyscus leucopus populations prior to the recent emergence of Lyme disease. Specifically, we examined archived P. leucopus museum specimens, sampled between 1900 and 2000, for B. burgdorferi s.s. DNA. After confirming viability of DNA extracted from ear punch biopsies from P. leucopus study skins collected between 1945 and 2000 in 19 Virginia counties and 17 North Carolina counties, we used qPCR of two species-specific loci to test for the presence of B. burgdorferi s.s. DNA. Ten mice, all collected from the Eastern Shore of Virginia in 1989, tested positive for presence of B. burgdorferi; all of the remaining 344 specimens were B. burgdorferi-negative. Our results suggest that B. burgdorferi s.s was not common in western Virginia or North Carolina prior to the emergence of Lyme disease cases in the past two decades. Rather, the emergence of Lyme disease in this region has likely been driven by the relatively recent expansion of B. burgdorferi s.s. in southward-moving ticks and reservoir hosts in the mountainous counties of these two states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Leber
- Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, United States
| | - Nancy D Moncrief
- Virginia Museum of Natural History, Martinsville, VA, 24112, United States
| | - Lisa J Gatens
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC, 27601, United States
| | - Maggie Michel
- Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, United States
| | - R Jory Brinkerhoff
- Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, United States; School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
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Moncrief ND, Hightower L, Mead AJ, Ivanov K. Prevalence and location of survivable skeletal injuries in two North American tree squirrels (Sciurus). J Mammal 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyab131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Skeletal injuries, especially broken bones, diminish physical mobility of animals, and they may affect an individual’s ability to obtain food and to evade predators. We quantified and compared healed fractures in two sympatric species of tree squirrels (Sciurus niger Linnaeus, 1758 and S. carolinensis Gmelin, 1788) that differ in body size (mass) and locomotor mode. We assessed the number and location of healed fractures in two urban populations of S. carolinensis and in individuals of both species from one rural location. We found a higher-than-expected proportion of healed fractures in older animals of both species. However, we detected no deviations from expected in the number of healed fractures between the two species or between sexes within a species. Urban populations of S. carolinensis exhibited significantly higher-than-expected proportions of healed fractures, and they were approximately 4.5 times more likely to have a healed injury as compared to rural S. carolinensis. Our findings suggest that S. carolinensis in urban populations experience a higher rate of injury and/or a higher rate of survival after injury than those in rural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy D Moncrief
- Virginia Museum of Natural History, 21 Starling Avenue, Martinsville, VA 24112, USA
| | - Liberty Hightower
- Virginia Museum of Natural History, 21 Starling Avenue, Martinsville, VA 24112, USA
| | - Alfred J Mead
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Georgia College & State University, Milledgeville, GA 31061, USA
| | - Kaloyan Ivanov
- Virginia Museum of Natural History, 21 Starling Avenue, Martinsville, VA 24112, USA
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Moncrief ND, Porter JH, Dueser RD. Annotated Checklist of Terrestrial Mammals of the Virginia Barrier Islands and the Adjacent Delmarva Peninsula Mainland. Northeast Nat (Steuben) 2021. [DOI: 10.1656/045.028.0405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy D. Moncrief
- Virginia Museum of Natural History, 21 Starling Avenue, Martinsville, VA 24112
| | - John H. Porter
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, 291 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4123
| | - Raymond D. Dueser
- Virginia Museum of Natural History, 21 Starling Avenue, Martinsville, VA 24112
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Kang L, Michalak P, Hallerman E, Moncrief ND. A Draft Genome Assembly for the Eastern Fox Squirrel, Sciurus niger. G3 (Bethesda) 2021; 11:6373894. [PMID: 34550334 PMCID: PMC8664420 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The eastern fox squirrel, Sciurus niger, exhibits marked geographic variation in size and coat color, is a model organism for studies of behavior and ecology, and a potential model for investigating physiological solutions to human porphyrias. We assembled a genome using Illumina HiSeq, PacBio SMRT, and Oxford Nanopore MinION sequencing platforms. Together, the sequencing data resulted in a draft genome of 2.99 Gb, containing 32,830 scaffolds with an average size of 90.9Kb and N50 of 183.8 Kb. Genome completeness was estimated to be 93.78%. A total of 24,443 protein-encoding genes were predicted from the assembly, and 23,079 (94.42%) were annotated. Repeat elements comprised an estimated 38.49% of the genome, with the majority being LINEs (13.92%), SINEs (6.04%), and LTR elements. The topology of the species tree reconstructed using maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis was congruent with those of previous studies. This genome assembly can prove useful for comparative studies of genome structure and function in this rapidly diversifying lineage of mammals, for studies of population genomics and adaptation, and for biomedical research. Predicted amino acid sequence alignments for genes affecting heme biosynthesis, color vision and hibernation showed point mutations and indels that may affect protein function and ecological adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Kang
- Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71203, USA.,Center for One Health Research, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Pawel Michalak
- Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71203, USA.,Center for One Health Research, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA.,Institute of Evolution, Haifa University, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Eric Hallerman
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Nancy D Moncrief
- Virginia Museum of Natural History, 21 Starling Avenue, Martinsville, Virginia 24112, USA. 276.634.4177
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Moncrief ND, Fies ML, Thompson SD. Recent Records and Range Expansion of Dasypus novemcinctus (Nine-Banded Armadillo) in Virginia. SOUTHEAST NAT 2021. [DOI: 10.1656/058.020.0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy D. Moncrief
- Virginia Museum of Natural History, 21 Starling Avenue, Martinsville, VA 24112
| | - Michael L. Fies
- Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources, PO Box 996, Verona, VA 24482
| | - Seth D. Thompson
- Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources, 9416 Coeburn Mountain Road, Wise, VA 24293
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Moncrief ND, Fies ML. Recent Records and Range Expansion of Erethizon dorsatum (North American Porcupine) in Virginia. Northeast Nat (Steuben) 2020. [DOI: 10.1656/045.027.0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy D. Moncrief
- Virginia Museum of Natural History, 21 Starling Avenue, Martinsville, VA 24112
| | - Michael L. Fies
- Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, PO Box 996, Verona, VA 24482
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Phillips CD, Dunnum JL, Dowler RC, Bradley LC, Garner HJ, MacDonald KA, Lim BK, Revelez MA, Campbell ML, Lutz HL, Garza NO, Cook JA, Bradley RD, Alvarez-Castañeda ST, Bradley JE, Bradley RD, Carraway LN, Carrera-E JP, Conroy CJ, Coyner BS, Demboski JR, Dick CW, Dowler RC, Doyle K, Dunnum JL, Esselstyn JA, Gutiérrez E, Hanson JD, Holahan PM, Holmes T, Iudica CA, Leite RN, Lee TE, Lim BK, Malaney JL, McLean BS, McLaren SB, Moncrief ND, Olson L, Ordóñez-Garza N, Phillips CD, Revelez MA, Rickart EA, Rogers DS, Thompson CW, Upham NS, Velazco PM. Curatorial guidelines and standards of the American Society of Mammalogists for collections of genetic resources. J Mammal 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyz111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The Systematic Collections Committee of the American Society of Mammalogists advises curators and other personnel affiliated with natural history collections in matters relating to administration, curation, and accreditation of mammal specimens and their associated data. The Systematic Collections Committee also maintains a list of curatorial standards for managing a collection-accreditation program under the auspices of the American Society of Mammalogists. To date, the Systematic Collections Committee has provided guidance for the more traditional specimen collections (skin, skeletal, fluid, etc.) and specimen data management. Given the rapidly expanding role of genetic resources in biological research, the Systematic Collections Committee herein presents a series of formal guidelines and standards designed to assist collections professionals in the current best practices for curation and maintenance of collections of genetic resources, to ensure long-term integrity of the archived material, and to address personnel safety and guidelines for researchers and curatorial staff. These guidelines and standards are intended to provide constructive guidance and a mechanism of accreditation for collections that vary in scale and infrastructure.
El Comité de Colecciones Sistemáticas de la Sociedad Americana de Mastozoólogos asesora a curadores y demás personal afiliado a colecciones de historia natural en asuntos relacionados a la administración, curación y acreditación de especímenes de mamíferos y su información pertinente. El Comité de Colecciones Sistemáticas mantiene también una lista de normas curatoriales para la gestión de un programa de acreditación de colecciones auspiciados por la Sociedad Americana de Mastozoólogos. A la fecha, el Comité de Colecciones Sistemáticas ha proporcionado una guía para las colecciones de muestras tradicionales (piel, esqueleto, líquido, etc.) y el manejo de datos asociados a estos especímenes. Dado el rápido crecimiento del papel que desempeñan los recursos genéticos en investigaciones biológicas, el Comité de Colecciones Sistemáticas presenta en esta publicación una serie de pautas y estándares formales diseñados para ayudar a los profesionales de colecciones científicas en las mejores prácticas actuales para la conservación y mantenimiento de colecciones de recursos genéticos, a modo de garantizar la integridad a largo plazo del material archivado, y tratar sobre la seguridad del personal y directrices para investigadores y personal curatorial. Estas pautas y estándares tienen como objetivo proporcionar una orientación constructiva y un mecanismo de acreditación para colecciones que varían en escala e infraestructura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb D Phillips
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Museum of Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan L Dunnum
- Museum of Southwestern Biology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Robert C Dowler
- Department of Biology and Angelo State Natural History Collections, Angelo State University, San Angelo, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - Burton K Lim
- Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Mariel L Campbell
- Museum of Southwestern Biology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Holly L Lutz
- Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Joseph A Cook
- Museum of Southwestern Biology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Robert D Bradley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Museum of Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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McRobie HR, Moncrief ND, Mundy NI. Multiple origins of melanism in two species of North American tree squirrel (Sciurus). BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:140. [PMID: 31296164 PMCID: PMC6625063 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1471-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While our understanding of the genetic basis of convergent evolution has improved there are still many uncertainties. Here we investigate the repeated evolution of dark colouration (melanism) in eastern fox squirrels (Sciurus niger; hereafter "fox squirrels") and eastern gray squirrels (S. carolinensis; hereafter "gray squirrels"). RESULTS We show that convergent evolution of melanism has arisen by independent genetic mechanisms in two populations of the fox squirrel. In a western population, melanism is associated with a 24 bp deletion in the melanocortin-1-receptor gene (MC1RΔ24 allele), whereas in a south-eastern population, melanism is associated with a point substitution in the agouti signalling protein gene causing a Gly121Cys mutation. The MC1R∆24 allele is also associated with melanism in gray squirrels, and, remarkably, all the MC1R∆24 haplotypes are identical in the two species. Evolutionary analyses show that the MC1R∆24 haplotype is more closely related to other MC1R haplotypes in the fox squirrel than in the gray squirrel. Modelling supports the possibility of gene flow between the two species. CONCLUSIONS The presence of the MC1R∆24 allele and melanism in gray squirrels is likely due to introgression from fox squirrels, although we cannot completely rule out alternative hypotheses including introgression from gray squirrels to fox squirrels, or an ancestral polymorphism. Convergent melanism in these two species of tree squirrels has evolved by at least two and probably three different evolutionary routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen R McRobie
- School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, CB1 1PT, UK.
| | - Nancy D Moncrief
- Virginia Museum of Natural History, Martinsville, VA, 24112, USA
| | - Nicholas I Mundy
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
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Moncrief ND, Roberts JH, Hallerman EM, Van Den Bussche RA, Porter JH, Dueser RD. Landscape genetics of a raccoon (Procyon lotor) metapopulation in an undeveloped coastal island system. J Mammal 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyx056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Moncrief ND, Fies ML. Report of First Specimens ofPekania pennanti(Fisher) from Virginia. Northeast Nat (Steuben) 2015. [DOI: 10.1656/045.022.0417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Porter JH, Dueser RD, Moncrief ND. Cost-distance analysis of mesopredators as a tool for avian habitat restoration on a naturally fragmented landscape. J Wildl Manage 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John H. Porter
- Department of Environmental Sciences; University of Virginia; Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Raymond D. Dueser
- Department of Wildland Resources; Utah State University; Logan UT 84322 USA
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McRobie HR, King LM, Fanutti C, Coussons PJ, Moncrief ND, Thomas APM. Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene sequence variation and melanism in the gray (Sciurus carolinensis), fox (Sciurus niger), and red (Sciurus vulgaris) squirrel. J Hered 2014; 105:423-8. [PMID: 24534267 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esu006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequence variations in the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene are associated with melanism in many different species of mammals, birds, and reptiles. The gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), found in the British Isles, was introduced from North America in the late 19th century. Melanism in the British gray squirrel is associated with a 24-bp deletion in the MC1R. To investigate the origin of this mutation, we sequenced the MC1R of 95 individuals including 44 melanic gray squirrels from both the British Isles and North America. Melanic gray squirrels of both populations had the same 24-bp deletion associated with melanism. Given the significant deletion associated with melanism in the gray squirrel, we sequenced the MC1R of both wild-type and melanic fox squirrels (Sciurus niger) (9 individuals) and red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) (39 individuals). Unlike the gray squirrel, no association between sequence variation in the MC1R and melanism was found in these 2 species. We conclude that the melanic gray squirrel found in the British Isles originated from one or more introductions of melanic gray squirrels from North America. We also conclude that variations in the MC1R are not associated with melanism in the fox and red squirrels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen R McRobie
- the Department of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, East Road, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK
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Dueser RD, Moncrief ND, Keišs O, Martin JD, Porter JH, Truitt BR. Overwater Movement of Raccoons (Procyon lotor) in a Naturally Fragmented Coastal Landscape. Northeast Nat (Steuben) 2013. [DOI: 10.1656/045.020.0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Moncrief ND, Lack JB, Maldonado JE, Bryant KL, Edwards CW, Van Den Bussche RA. General lack of phylogeographic structure in two sympatric, forest obligate squirrels (Sciurus nigerandS. carolinensis). J Mammal 2012. [DOI: 10.1644/11-mamm-a-383.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Martin JD, Dueser RD, Moncrief ND. Method for Casting Large Numbers of Clay Eggs for Use in Studies of Artificial Nests. SOUTHWEST NAT 2010. [DOI: 10.1894/jg-08.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Moncrief ND, Lack JB, Van Den Bussche RA. Eastern fox squirrel (Sciurus niger) lacks phylogeographic structure: recent range expansion and phenotypic differentiation. J Mammal 2010. [DOI: 10.1644/09-mamm-a-266.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Moncrief ND, Anderson JM. White-belted Coloration in a Northern Short-tailed Shrew (Blarina brevicauda). American Midland Naturalist 1997. [DOI: 10.2307/2426859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Moncrief ND, Cockett NE, Neff AD, Thomas WL, Dueser RD. Polymorphic microsatellites in the meadow vole Microtus pennsylvanicus: conservation of loci across species of rodents. Mol Ecol 1997; 6:299-301. [PMID: 9076985 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.1997.00174.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N D Moncrief
- Virginia Museum of Natural History, Martinsville 24112, USA.
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Nakayama S, Moncrief ND, Kretsinger RH. Evolution of EF-hand calcium-modulated proteins. II. Domains of several subfamilies have diverse evolutionary histories. J Mol Evol 1992; 34:416-48. [PMID: 1602495 DOI: 10.1007/bf00162998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In the first report in this series we described the relationships and evolution of 152 individual proteins of the EF-hand subfamilies. Here we add 66 additional proteins and define eight (CDC, TPNV, CLNB, LPS, DGK, 1F8, VIS, TCBP) new subfamilies and seven (CAL, SQUD, CDPK, EFH5, TPP, LAV, CRGP) new unique proteins, which we assume represent new subfamilies. The main focus of this study is the classification of individual EF-hand domains. Five subfamilies--calmodulin, troponin C, essential light chain, regulatory light chain, CDC31/caltractin--and three uniques--call, squidulin, and calcium-dependent protein kinase--are congruent in that all evolved from a common four-domain precursor. In contrast calpain and sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein (SARC) each evolved from its own one-domain precursor. The remaining 19 subfamilies and uniques appear to have evolved by translocation and splicing of genes encoding the EF-hand domains that were precursors to the congruent eight and to calpain and to SARC. The rates of evolution of the EF-hand domains are slower following formation of the subfamilies and establishment of their functions. Subfamilies are not readily classified by patterns of calcium coordination, interdomain linker stability, and glycine and proline distribution. There are many homoplasies indicating that similar variants of the EF-hand evolved by independent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nakayama
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22901
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Amero SA, Kretsinger RH, Moncrief ND, Yamamoto KR, Pearson WR. The origin of nuclear receptor proteins: a single precursor distinct from other transcription factors. Mol Endocrinol 1992; 6:3-7. [PMID: 1738368 DOI: 10.1210/mend.6.1.1738368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S A Amero
- Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville 22908
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Abstract
The relationships among 153 EF-hand (calcium-modulated) proteins of known amino acid sequence were determined using the method of maximum parsimony. These proteins can be ordered into 12 distinct subfamilies--calmodulin, troponin C, essential light chain of myosin, regulatory light chain, sarcoplasmic calcium binding protein, calpain, aequorin, Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus ectodermal protein, calbindin 28 kd, parvalbumin, alpha-actinin, and S100/intestinal calcium-binding protein. Eight individual proteins--calcineurin B from Bos, troponin C from Astacus, calcium vector protein from Branchiostoma, caltractin from Chlamydomonas, cell-division-cycle 31 gene product from Saccharomyces, 10-kd calcium-binding protein from Tetrahymena, LPS1 eight-domain protein from Lytechinus, and calcium-binding protein from Streptomyces--are tentatively identified as unique; that is, each may be the sole representative of another subfamily. We present dendrograms showing the relationships among the subfamilies and uniques as well as dendrograms showing relationships within each subfamily. The EF-hand proteins have been characterized from a broad range of organismal sources, and they have an enormous range of function. This is reflected in the complexity of the dendrograms. At this time we urge caution in assigning a simple scheme of gene duplications to account for the evolution of the 600 EF-hand domains of known sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D Moncrief
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22901
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Czelusniak J, Goodman M, Moncrief ND, Kehoe SM. Maximum parsimony approach to construction of evolutionary trees from aligned homologous sequences. Methods Enzymol 1990; 183:601-15. [PMID: 2314294 DOI: 10.1016/0076-6879(90)83039-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Abstract
The EF-hand homolog proteins bind calcium (Ca2+) with dissociation constants in the micromolar range and are modulated by stimulus-induced increases in cytosolic free Ca2+. We have grouped over 160 different EF-hand homolog proteins into ten subfamilies and ten unique categories. Except for troponin-C, all subfamilies and unique EF-hand homologs represented in vertebrates can be found in the CNS. In this review, structural and functional characteristics of these proteins are discussed, with special emphasis on the multifunctional regulatory protein, calmodulin. The possible function of bending within the central helix of calmodulin is considered and is illustrated with a model calmodulin--target complex.
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Kretsinger RH, Moncrief ND. Evolution of calcium modulated proteins. Va Explor 1989; 5:7-9. [PMID: 11542192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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Moncrief ND. Absence of Genic Variation in a Natural Population of Nine-Banded Armadillos, Dasypus novemcinctus (Dasypodidae). SOUTHWEST NAT 1988. [DOI: 10.2307/3671899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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