1
|
Kim JH, Afridi R, Jang IS, Lee MG, Suk K. Regulation of sleep by astrocytes in the hypothalamic ventrolateral preoptic nucleus. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:1098-1100. [PMID: 38989949 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hong Kim
- Brain Korea 21 four KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea (Kim JH, Afridi R, Suk K)
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea (Kim JH, Afridi R, Lee MG, Suk K)
| | - Ruqayya Afridi
- Brain Korea 21 four KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea (Kim JH, Afridi R, Suk K)
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea (Kim JH, Afridi R, Lee MG, Suk K)
| | - Il-Sung Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea (Jang IS)
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea (Jang IS, Lee MG, Suk K)
| | - Maan Gee Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea (Kim JH, Afridi R, Lee MG, Suk K)
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea (Jang IS, Lee MG, Suk K)
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Brain Korea 21 four KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea (Kim JH, Afridi R, Suk K)
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea (Kim JH, Afridi R, Lee MG, Suk K)
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea (Jang IS, Lee MG, Suk K)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Deng S, Hu Y, Chen S, Xue Y, Yao D, Sun Q, Nedergaard M, Wang W, Ding F. Chronic sleep fragmentation impairs brain interstitial clearance in young wildtype mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:1515-1531. [PMID: 38639025 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x241230188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that most chronic neurological diseases have a link with sleep disturbances, and that patients with chronically poor sleep undergo an accelerated cognitive decline. Indeed, a single-night of sleep deprivation may increase metabolic waste levels in cerebrospinal fluid. However, it remains unknown how chronic sleep disturbances in isolation from an underlying neurological disease may affect the glymphatic system. Clearance of brain interstitial waste by the glymphatic system occurs primarily during sleep, driven by multiple oscillators including arterial pulsatility, and vasomotion. Herein, we induced sleep fragmentation in young wildtype mice and assessed the effects on glymphatic activity and cognitive functions. Chronic sleep fragmentation reduced glymphatic function and impaired cognitive functions in healthy mice. A mechanistic analysis showed that the chronic sleep fragmentation suppressed slow vasomotion, without altering cardiac-driven pulsations. Taken together, results of this study document that chronic sleep fragmentation suppresses brain metabolite clearance and impairs cognition, even in the absence of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saiyue Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yusi Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Simiao Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yang Xue
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Di Yao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, United States
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Fengfei Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Norman H, Munson A, Cortese D, Koeck B, Killen SS. The interplay between sleep and ecophysiology, behaviour and responses to environmental change in fish. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb247138. [PMID: 38860399 PMCID: PMC11213526 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.247138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Evidence of behavioural sleep has been observed in every animal species studied to date, but current knowledge of the behaviour, neurophysiology and ecophysiology associated with sleep is concentrated on mammals and birds. Fish are a hugely diverse group that can offer novel insights into a variety of sleep-related behaviours across environments, but the ecophysiological relevance of sleep in fish has been largely overlooked. Here, we systematically reviewed the literature to assess the current breadth of knowledge on fish sleep, and surveyed the diverse physiological effects and behaviours associated with sleep. We also discuss possible ways in which unstudied external factors may alter sleep behaviours. For example, predation risk may alter sleep patterns, as has been shown in mammalian, avian and reptilian species. Other environmental factors - such as water temperature and oxygen availability - have the potential to alter sleep patterns in fish differently than for terrestrial endotherms. Understanding the ecological influences on sleep in fish is vital, as sleep deprivation has the potential to affect waking behaviour and fitness owing to cognitive and physiological impairments, possibly affecting ecological phenomena and sensitivity to environmental stressors in ways that have not been considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Norman
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Amelia Munson
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Daphne Cortese
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Barbara Koeck
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Shaun S. Killen
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Koutsoumparis A, Busack I, Chen CK, Hayashi Y, Braeckman BP, Meierhofer D, Bringmann H. Reverse genetic screening during L1 arrest reveals a role of the diacylglycerol kinase 1 gene dgk-1 and sphingolipid metabolism genes in sleep regulation. Genetics 2023; 225:iyad124. [PMID: 37682641 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a fundamental state of behavioral quiescence and physiological restoration. Sleep is controlled by environmental conditions, indicating a complex regulation of sleep by multiple processes. Our knowledge of the genes and mechanisms that control sleep during various conditions is, however, still incomplete. In Caenorhabditis elegans, sleep is increased when development is arrested upon starvation. Here, we performed a reverse genetic sleep screen in arrested L1 larvae for genes that are associated with metabolism. We found over 100 genes that are associated with a reduced sleep phenotype. Enrichment analysis revealed sphingolipid metabolism as a key pathway that controls sleep. A strong sleep loss was caused by the loss of function of the diacylglycerol kinase 1 gene, dgk-1, a negative regulator of synaptic transmission. Rescue experiments indicated that dgk-1 is required for sleep in cholinergic and tyraminergic neurons. The Ring Interneuron S (RIS) neuron is crucial for sleep in C. elegans and activates to induce sleep. RIS activation transients were abolished in dgk-1 mutant animals. Calcium transients were partially rescued by a reduction-of-function mutation of unc-13, suggesting that dgk-1 might be required for RIS activation by limiting synaptic vesicle release. dgk-1 mutant animals had impaired L1 arrest survival and dampened expression of the protective heat shock factor gene hsp-12.6. These data suggest that dgk-1 impairment causes broad physiological deficits. Microcalorimetry and metabolomic analyses of larvae with impaired RIS showed that RIS is broadly required for energy conservation and metabolic control, including for the presence of sphingolipids. Our data support the notion that metabolism broadly influences sleep and that sleep is associated with profound metabolic changes. We thus provide novel insights into the interplay of lipids and sleep and provide a rich resource of mutants and metabolic pathways for future sleep studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Koutsoumparis
- Chair of Cellular Circuits and Systems, Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Am Tatzberg 47/49, Dresden, Saxony 01307, Germany
| | - Inka Busack
- Chair of Cellular Circuits and Systems, Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Am Tatzberg 47/49, Dresden, Saxony 01307, Germany
| | - Chung-Kuan Chen
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yu Hayashi
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Bart P Braeckman
- Laboratory of Aging Physiology and Molecular Evolution, Department of Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - David Meierhofer
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Bringmann
- Chair of Cellular Circuits and Systems, Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Am Tatzberg 47/49, Dresden, Saxony 01307, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kniazkina M, Dyachuk V. Does EGFR Signaling Mediate Orexin System Activity in Sleep Initiation? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119505. [PMID: 37298454 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep-wake cycle disorders are an important symptom of many neurological diseases, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis. Circadian rhythms and sleep-wake cycles play a key role in maintaining the health of organisms. To date, these processes are still poorly understood and, therefore, need more detailed elucidation. The sleep process has been extensively studied in vertebrates, such as mammals and, to a lesser extent, in invertebrates. A complex, multi-step interaction of homeostatic processes and neurotransmitters provides the sleep-wake cycle. Many other regulatory molecules are also involved in the cycle regulation, but their functions remain largely unclear. One of these signaling systems is epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which regulates the activity of neurons in the modulation of the sleep-wake cycle in vertebrates. We have evaluated the possible role of the EGFR signaling pathway in the molecular regulation of sleep. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie sleep-wake regulation will provide critical insight into the fundamental regulatory functions of the brain. New findings of sleep-regulatory pathways may provide new drug targets and approaches for the treatment of sleep-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Kniazkina
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav Dyachuk
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Busack I, Bringmann H. A sleep-active neuron can promote survival while sleep behavior is disturbed. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010665. [PMID: 36917595 PMCID: PMC10038310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is controlled by neurons that induce behavioral quiescence and physiological restoration. It is not known, however, how sleep neurons link sleep behavior and survival. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the sleep-active RIS neuron induces sleep behavior and is required for survival of starvation and wounding. Sleep-active neurons such as RIS might hypothetically promote survival primarily by causing sleep behavior and associated conservation of energy. Alternatively, RIS might provide a survival benefit that does not depend on behavioral sleep. To probe these hypotheses, we tested how activity of the sleep-active RIS neuron in Caenorhabditis elegans controls sleep behavior and survival during larval starvation. To manipulate the activity of RIS, we expressed constitutively active potassium channel (twk-18gf and egl-23gf) or sodium channel (unc-58gf) mutant alleles in this neuron. Low levels of unc-58gf expression in RIS increased RIS calcium transients and sleep. High levels of unc-58gf expression in RIS elevated baseline calcium activity and inhibited calcium activation transients, thus locking RIS activity at a high but constant level. This manipulation caused a nearly complete loss of sleep behavior but increased survival. Long-term optogenetic activation also caused constantly elevated RIS activity and a small trend towards increased survival. Disturbing sleep by lethal blue-light stimulation also overactivated RIS, which again increased survival. FLP-11 neuropeptides were important for both, induction of sleep behavior and starvation survival, suggesting that FLP-11 might have divergent roles downstream of RIS. These results indicate that promotion of sleep behavior and survival are separable functions of RIS. These two functions may normally be coupled but can be uncoupled during conditions of strong RIS activation or when sleep behavior is impaired. Through this uncoupling, RIS can provide survival benefits under conditions when behavioral sleep is disturbed. Promoting survival in the face of impaired sleep might be a general function of sleep neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inka Busack
- BIOTEC, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Guo M, Wang J, Yuan Y, Chen L, He J, Wei W, Xu F, Liu Q, Peng M. Role of adenosine A 2A receptors in the loss of consciousness induced by propofol anesthesia. J Neurochem 2023; 164:684-699. [PMID: 36445101 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of propofol-anesthesia-induced loss of consciousness (LOC) remains largely unknown. We speculated that the adenosine A2A receptor serves as a vital molecular target in regulating LOC states under propofol anesthesia. c-Fos staining helped observe the changes in the neuronal activity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Initially, the adenosine signals in the NAc were measured under propofol anesthesia using fiber photometry recordings. Then, behavior tests and electrophysiological recordings were used to verify the effect of systemic A2A R agonist or antagonist treatment on propofol anesthesia. Next, the microinjection technique was used to clarify the role of the NAc A2A R under propofol anesthesia. Fiber photometry recordings were applied to assess the effect of A2A R agonist or antagonist systemic treatment on adenosine signal alterations in the NAc during propofol anesthesia. Then, as the GABAergic neurons are the main neurons in the NAc, we further measured the neuronal activity of GABAergic neurons. In our study, propofol anesthesia enhanced the neuronal activity in the NAc, and the adenosine signals were increased in the NAc. SCH58261 reduced the LOC time and sedative depth, while CGS21680 increased those via intraperitoneal injection. Additionally, CGS21680 increased the changes in delta, theta, alpha, beta, and low-gamma oscillations in the NAc. Moreover, microinjection of SCH58261 significantly shortened the LOC time, whereas microinjection of CGS21680 into the NAc significantly prolonged the LOC duration. The results illustrated that after A2A R agonist administration, the level of extracellular adenosine signals in the NAc was decreased and the neuronal activity of GABAergic neurons was enhanced, whereas after A2A R antagonist administration via intraperitoneal injection, the opposite occurred. This study reveals the vital role of the A2A R in propofol-induced LOC and that the A2A R could affect the maintenance of propofol anesthesia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meimei Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Disease, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei Province, China.,State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yikang Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingang He
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Brain Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fuqiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qing Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mian Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.,Brain Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rial RV, Akaârir M, Canellas F, Barceló P, Rubiño JA, Martín-Reina A, Gamundí A, Nicolau MC. Mammalian NREM and REM sleep: Why, when and how. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 146:105041. [PMID: 36646258 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This report proposes that fish use the spinal-rhombencephalic regions of their brain to support their activities while awake. Instead, the brainstem-diencephalic regions support the wakefulness in amphibians and reptiles. Lastly, mammals developed the telencephalic cortex to attain the highest degree of wakefulness, the cortical wakefulness. However, a paralyzed form of spinal-rhombencephalic wakefulness remains in mammals in the form of REMS, whose phasic signs are highly efficient in promoting maternal care to mammalian litter. Therefore, the phasic REMS is highly adaptive. However, their importance is low for singletons, in which it is a neutral trait, devoid of adaptive value for adults, and is mal-adaptive for marine mammals. Therefore, they lost it. The spinal-rhombencephalic and cortical wakeful states disregard the homeostasis: animals only attend their most immediate needs: foraging defense and reproduction. However, these activities generate allostatic loads that must be recovered during NREMS, that is a paralyzed form of the amphibian-reptilian subcortical wakefulness. Regarding the regulation of tonic REMS, it depends on a hypothalamic switch. Instead, the phasic REMS depends on an independent proportional pontine control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén V Rial
- Laboratori de Fisiologia del son i els ritmes biologics. Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca (España); IDISBA. Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria de les Illes Balears; IUNICS Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut.
| | - Mourad Akaârir
- Laboratori de Fisiologia del son i els ritmes biologics. Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca (España); IDISBA. Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria de les Illes Balears; IUNICS Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut.
| | - Francesca Canellas
- Laboratori de Fisiologia del son i els ritmes biologics. Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca (España); IDISBA. Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria de les Illes Balears; IUNICS Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut; Hospital Son Espases, 07120, Palma de Mallorca (España).
| | - Pere Barceló
- Laboratori de Fisiologia del son i els ritmes biologics. Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca (España); IDISBA. Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria de les Illes Balears; IUNICS Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut.
| | - José A Rubiño
- Laboratori de Fisiologia del son i els ritmes biologics. Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca (España); IDISBA. Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria de les Illes Balears; IUNICS Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut; Hospital Son Espases, 07120, Palma de Mallorca (España).
| | - Aida Martín-Reina
- Laboratori de Fisiologia del son i els ritmes biologics. Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca (España); IDISBA. Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria de les Illes Balears; IUNICS Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut.
| | - Antoni Gamundí
- Laboratori de Fisiologia del son i els ritmes biologics. Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca (España); IDISBA. Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria de les Illes Balears; IUNICS Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut.
| | - M Cristina Nicolau
- Laboratori de Fisiologia del son i els ritmes biologics. Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca (España); IDISBA. Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria de les Illes Balears; IUNICS Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yan W, Lin H, Yu J, Wiggin TD, Wu L, Meng Z, Liu C, Griffith LC. Subtype-Specific Roles of Ellipsoid Body Ring Neurons in Sleep Regulation in Drosophila. J Neurosci 2023; 43:764-786. [PMID: 36535771 PMCID: PMC9899086 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1350-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ellipsoid body (EB) is a major structure of the central complex of the Drosophila melanogaster brain. Twenty-two subtypes of EB ring neurons have been identified based on anatomic and morphologic characteristics by light-level microscopy and EM connectomics. A few studies have associated ring neurons with the regulation of sleep homeostasis and structure. However, cell type-specific and population interactions in the regulation of sleep remain unclear. Using an unbiased thermogenetic screen of EB drivers using female flies, we found the following: (1) multiple ring neurons are involved in the modulation of amount of sleep and structure in a synergistic manner; (2) analysis of data for ΔP(doze)/ΔP(wake) using a mixed Gaussian model detected 5 clusters of GAL4 drivers which had similar effects on sleep pressure and/or depth: lines driving arousal contained R4m neurons, whereas lines that increased sleep pressure had R3m cells; (3) a GLM analysis correlating ring cell subtype and activity-dependent changes in sleep parameters across all lines identified several cell types significantly associated with specific sleep effects: R3p was daytime sleep-promoting, and R4m was nighttime wake-promoting; and (4) R3d cells present in 5HT7-GAL4 and in GAL4 lines, which exclusively affect sleep structure, were found to contribute to fragmentation of sleep during both day and night. Thus, multiple subtypes of ring neurons distinctively control sleep amount and/or structure. The unique highly interconnected structure of the EB suggests a local-network model worth future investigation; understanding EB subtype interactions may provide insight how sleep circuits in general are structured.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT How multiple brain regions, with many cell types, can coherently regulate sleep remains unclear, but identification of cell type-specific roles can generate opportunities for understanding the principles of integration and cooperation. The ellipsoid body (EB) of the fly brain exhibits a high level of connectivity and functional heterogeneity yet is able to tune multiple behaviors in real-time, including sleep. Leveraging the powerful genetic tools available in Drosophila and recent progress in the characterization of the morphology and connectivity of EB ring neurons, we identify several EB subtypes specifically associated with distinct aspects of sleep. Our findings will aid in revealing the rules of coding and integration in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Hai Lin
- Central Research Institute, United Imaging Healthcare, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Junwei Yu
- Department of Biology, National Center for Behavioral Genomics and Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453
| | - Timothy D Wiggin
- Department of Biology, National Center for Behavioral Genomics and Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453
| | - Litao Wu
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Zhiqiang Meng
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Leslie C Griffith
- Department of Biology, National Center for Behavioral Genomics and Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ouyang J, Peng Y, Gong Y. New Perspectives on Sleep Regulation by Tea: Harmonizing Pathological Sleep and Energy Balance under Stress. Foods 2022; 11:3930. [PMID: 36496738 PMCID: PMC9738644 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep, a conservative evolutionary behavior of organisms to adapt to changes in the external environment, is divided into natural sleep, in a healthy state, and sickness sleep, which occurs in stressful environments or during illness. Sickness sleep plays an important role in maintaining energy homeostasis under an injury and promoting physical recovery. Tea, a popular phytochemical-rich beverage, has multiple health benefits, including lowering stress and regulating energy metabolism and natural sleep. However, the role of tea in regulating sickness sleep has received little attention. The mechanism underlying tea regulation of sickness sleep and its association with the maintenance of energy homeostasis in injured organisms remains to be elucidated. This review examines the current research on the effect of tea on sleep regulation, focusing on the function of tea in modulating energy homeostasis through sickness sleep, energy metabolism, and damage repair in model organisms. The potential mechanisms underlying tea in regulating sickness sleep are further suggested. Based on the biohomology of sleep regulation, this review provides novel insights into the role of tea in sleep regulation and a new perspective on the potential role of tea in restoring homeostasis from diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yuxuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- College of Physical Education, Hunan City University, Yiyang 413002, China
| | - Yushun Gong
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Harbison ST. What have we learned about sleep from selective breeding strategies? Sleep 2022; 45:zsac147. [PMID: 36111812 PMCID: PMC9644121 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective breeding is a classic technique that enables an experimenter to modify a heritable target trait as desired. Direct selective breeding for extreme sleep and circadian phenotypes in flies successfully alters these behaviors, and sleep and circadian perturbations emerge as correlated responses to selection for other traits in mice, rats, and dogs. The application of sequencing technologies to the process of selective breeding identifies the genetic network impacting the selected trait in a holistic way. Breeding techniques preserve the extreme phenotypes generated during selective breeding, generating community resources for further functional testing. Selective breeding is thus a unique strategy that can explore the phenotypic limits of sleep and circadian behavior, discover correlated responses of traits having shared genetic architecture with the target trait, identify naturally-occurring genomic variants and gene expression changes that affect trait variability, and pinpoint genes with conserved roles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan T Harbison
- Laboratory of Systems Genetics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD,USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Koutsoumparis A, Welp LM, Wulf A, Urlaub H, Meierhofer D, Börno S, Timmermann B, Busack I, Bringmann H. Sleep neuron depolarization promotes protective gene expression changes and FOXO activation. Curr Biol 2022; 32:2248-2262.e9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
13
|
Doldur-Balli F, Imamura T, Veatch OJ, Gong NN, Lim DC, Hart MP, Abel T, Kayser MS, Brodkin ES, Pack AI. Synaptic dysfunction connects autism spectrum disorder and sleep disturbances: A perspective from studies in model organisms. Sleep Med Rev 2022; 62:101595. [PMID: 35158305 PMCID: PMC9064929 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sleep disturbances (SD) accompany many neurodevelopmental disorders, suggesting SD is a transdiagnostic process that can account for behavioral deficits and influence underlying neuropathogenesis. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) comprises a complex set of neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by challenges in social interaction, communication, and restricted, repetitive behaviors. Diagnosis of ASD is based primarily on behavioral criteria, and there are no drugs that target core symptoms. Among the co-occurring conditions associated with ASD, SD are one of the most prevalent. SD often arises before the onset of other ASD symptoms. Sleep interventions improve not only sleep but also daytime behaviors in children with ASD. Here, we examine sleep phenotypes in multiple model systems relevant to ASD, e.g., mice, zebrafish, fruit flies and worms. Given the functions of sleep in promoting brain connectivity, neural plasticity, emotional regulation and social behavior, all of which are of critical importance in ASD pathogenesis, we propose that synaptic dysfunction is a major mechanism that connects ASD and SD. Common molecular targets in this interplay that are involved in synaptic function might be a novel avenue for therapy of individuals with ASD experiencing SD. Such therapy would be expected to improve not only sleep but also other ASD symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fusun Doldur-Balli
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
| | - Toshihiro Imamura
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Olivia J Veatch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA
| | - Naihua N Gong
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Diane C Lim
- Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, USA
| | - Michael P Hart
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Ted Abel
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neuroscience & Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Matthew S Kayser
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Edward S Brodkin
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Allan I Pack
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bayer EA, Liberatore KM, Schneider JR, Schlesinger E, He Z, Birnbaum S, Wightman B. Insulin signaling and osmotic stress response regulate arousal and developmental progression of C. elegans at hatching. Genetics 2022; 220:iyab202. [PMID: 34788806 PMCID: PMC8733457 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyab202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of animal development from embryonic to juvenile life depends on the coordination of organism-wide responses with environmental conditions. We found that two transcription factors that function in interneuron differentiation in Caenorhabditis elegans, fax-1, and unc-42, are required for arousal and progression from embryogenesis to larval life by potentiating insulin signaling. The combination of mutations in either transcription factor and a mutation in daf-2 insulin receptor results in a novel perihatching arrest phenotype; embryos are fully developed but inactive, often remaining trapped within the eggshell, and fail to initiate pharyngeal pumping. This pathway is opposed by an osmotic sensory response pathway that promotes developmental arrest and a sleep state at the end of embryogenesis in response to elevated salt concentration. The quiescent state induced by loss of insulin signaling or by osmotic stress can be reversed by mutations in genes that are required for sleep. Therefore, countervailing signals regulate late embryonic arousal and developmental progression to larval life, mechanistically linking the two responses. Our findings demonstrate a role for insulin signaling in an arousal circuit, consistent with evidence that insulin-related regulation may function in control of sleep states in many animals. The opposing quiescent arrest state may serve as an adaptive response to the osmotic threat from high salinity environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Bayer
- Biology Department, Muhlenberg College, Allentown, PA 18104, USA
| | | | | | - Evan Schlesinger
- Biology Department, Muhlenberg College, Allentown, PA 18104, USA
| | - Zhengying He
- Biology Department, Muhlenberg College, Allentown, PA 18104, USA
| | - Susanna Birnbaum
- Biology Department, Muhlenberg College, Allentown, PA 18104, USA
| | - Bruce Wightman
- Biology Department, Muhlenberg College, Allentown, PA 18104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sinner MP, Masurat F, Ewbank JJ, Pujol N, Bringmann H. Innate Immunity Promotes Sleep through Epidermal Antimicrobial Peptides. Curr Biol 2021; 31:564-577.e12. [PMID: 33259791 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Wounding and infection trigger a protective innate immune response that includes the production of antimicrobial peptides in the affected tissue as well as increased sleep. Little is known, however, how peripheral wounds or innate immunity signal to the nervous system to increase sleep. We found that, during C. elegans larval molting, an epidermal tolloid/bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-1-like protein called NAS-38 promotes sleep. NAS-38 is negatively regulated by its thrombospondin domain and acts through its astacin protease domain to activate p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP)/PMK-1 kinase and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-SMAD/SMA-3-dependent innate immune pathways in the epidermis that cause STAT/STA-2 and SLC6 (solute carrier)/SNF-12-dependent expression of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes. We show that more than a dozen epidermal AMPs act as somnogens, signaling across tissues to promote sleep through the sleep-active RIS neuron. In the adult, epidermal injury activates innate immunity and turns up AMP production to trigger sleep, a process that requires epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling that is known to promote sleep following cellular stress. We show for one AMP, neuropeptide-like protein (NLP)-29, that it acts through the neuropeptide receptor NPR-12 in locomotion-controlling neurons that are presynaptic to RIS and that depolarize this neuron to induce sleep. Sleep in turn increases the chance of surviving injury. Thus, we found a novel mechanism by which peripheral wounds signal to the nervous system to increase protective sleep. Such a cross-tissue somnogen-signaling function of AMPs might also boost sleep in other animals, including humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina P Sinner
- BIOTEC, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany; University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Jonathan J Ewbank
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, CIML, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie Pujol
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, CIML, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Henrik Bringmann
- BIOTEC, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany; University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Murillo-Rodríguez E, Machado S, Imperatori C, Yamamoto T, Budde H. Natural Cannabinoids as Templates for Sleep Disturbances Treatments. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1297:133-141. [PMID: 33537941 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-61663-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The sleep-wake cycle is a complex composition of specific physiological and behavioral characteristics. In addition, neuroanatomical, neurochemical and molecular systems exerts influences in the modulation of the sleep-wake cycle. Moreover, homeostatic and circadian mechanisms interact to control the waking or sleeping states. As many other behaviors, sleep also develops pathological features that include several signs and symptoms corresponding to medical conditions known as sleep disorders.In addition to the neurobiological mechanisms modulating sleep, external elements also influence the sleep-wake cycle, including the use of Cannabis sativa (C. sativa). In this regard, and over the last decades, the interest of studying the pharmacology of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), the principal psychoactive constituent of C. sativa, has been addressed. Moreover, in recent years, the focus of scientific interest has moved on to studying the second plant constituent with non-psychotropic pharmacological properties: Cannabidiol (CBD).The pharmacological and pharmaceutical interest of CBD has been focus of attention due to the accumulating body of evidence regarding the positive outcomes of using CBD for the treatment of several health issues, such as psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, epilepsy, etc. Since the most prominent sleep disruptions include excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), current treatments include the use of drugs such as stimulants of antidepressants. Notwithstanding, side effects are commonly reported among the patients under prescription of these compounds. Thus, the search of novelty therapeutical approaches aimed to treat ESD may consider the use of cannabinoid-derived compounds, such as CBD. In this chapter, we will show experimental evidence regarding the potential role of CBD as a wake-inducing compound aimed to manage EDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Murillo-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Mérida, Yucatán, México. .,Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, Yucatán, México.
| | - Sérgio Machado
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, Yucatán, México.,Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Salgado de Oliveira University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Physical Activity Neuroscience Laboratory, Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate Program-Salgado de Oliveira University (UNIVERSO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudio Imperatori
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, Yucatán, México.,Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Science, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, Yucatán, México.,Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Henning Budde
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, Yucatán, México.,Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lee DA, Oikonomou G, Cammidge T, Andreev A, Hong Y, Hurley H, Prober DA. Neuropeptide VF neurons promote sleep via the serotonergic raphe. eLife 2020; 9:54491. [PMID: 33337320 PMCID: PMC7748413 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Although several sleep-regulating neuronal populations have been identified, little is known about how they interact with each other to control sleep/wake states. We previously identified neuropeptide VF (NPVF) and the hypothalamic neurons that produce it as a sleep-promoting system (Lee et al., 2017). Here we show using zebrafish that npvf-expressing neurons control sleep via the serotonergic raphe nuclei (RN), a hindbrain structure that is critical for sleep in both diurnal zebrafish and nocturnal mice. Using genetic labeling and calcium imaging, we show that npvf-expressing neurons innervate and can activate serotonergic RN neurons. We also demonstrate that chemogenetic or optogenetic stimulation of npvf-expressing neurons induces sleep in a manner that requires NPVF and serotonin in the RN. Finally, we provide genetic evidence that NPVF acts upstream of serotonin in the RN to maintain normal sleep levels. These findings reveal a novel hypothalamic-hindbrain neuronal circuit for sleep/wake control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Lee
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Pasadena, United States
| | - Grigorios Oikonomou
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Pasadena, United States
| | - Tasha Cammidge
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Pasadena, United States
| | - Andrey Andreev
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Pasadena, United States
| | - Young Hong
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Pasadena, United States
| | - Hannah Hurley
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Pasadena, United States
| | - David A Prober
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Pasadena, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rijo-Ferreira F, Bjorness TE, Cox KH, Sonneborn A, Greene RW, Takahashi JS. Sleeping Sickness Disrupts the Sleep-Regulating Adenosine System. J Neurosci 2020; 40:9306-9316. [PMID: 33097636 PMCID: PMC7687053 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1046-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with sleeping sickness, caused by the parasite Trypanosoma brucei, have disruptions in both sleep timing and sleep architecture. However, the underlying cause of these sleep disturbances is not well understood. Here, we assessed the sleep architecture of male mice infected with T. brucei and found that infected mice had drastically altered sleep patterns. Interestingly, T. brucei-infected mice also had a reduced homeostatic sleep response to sleep deprivation, a response modulated by the adenosine system. We found that infected mice had a reduced electrophysiological response to an adenosine receptor antagonist and increased adenosine receptor gene expression. Although the mechanism by which T. brucei infection causes these changes remains to be determined, our findings suggest that the symptoms of sleeping sickness may be because of alterations in homeostatic adenosine signaling.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Sleeping sickness is a fatal disease that disrupts the circadian clock, causes disordered temperature regulation, and induces sleep disturbance. To examine the neurologic effects of infection in the absence of other symptoms, in this study, we used a mouse model of sleeping sickness in which the acute infection was treated but brain infection remained. Using this model, we evaluated the effects of the sleeping sickness parasite, Trypanosoma brucei, on sleep patterns in mice, under both normal and sleep-deprived conditions. Our findings suggest that signaling of adenosine, a neuromodulator involved in mediating homeostatic sleep drive, may be reduced in infected mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Rijo-Ferreira
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9111
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9111
| | - Theresa E Bjorness
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9111
- Research Service, VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas 75216-7167
| | - Kimberly H Cox
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9111
| | - Alex Sonneborn
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9111
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9111
| | - Robert W Greene
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9111
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9111
| | - Joseph S Takahashi
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9111
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9111
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hu Y, Korovaichuk A, Astiz M, Schroeder H, Islam R, Barrenetxea J, Fischer A, Oster H, Bringmann H. Functional Divergence of Mammalian TFAP2a and TFAP2b Transcription Factors for Bidirectional Sleep Control. Genetics 2020; 216:735-752. [PMID: 32769099 PMCID: PMC7648577 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.120.303533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a conserved behavioral state. Invertebrates typically show quiet sleep, whereas in mammals, sleep consists of periods of nonrapid-eye-movement sleep (NREMS) and REM sleep (REMS). We previously found that the transcription factor AP-2 promotes sleep in Caenorhabditiselegans and Drosophila In mammals, several paralogous AP-2 transcription factors exist. Sleep-controlling genes are often conserved. However, little is known about how sleep genes evolved from controlling simpler types of sleep to govern complex mammalian sleep. Here, we studied the roles of Tfap2a and Tfap2b in sleep control in mice. Consistent with our results from C. elegans and Drosophila, the AP-2 transcription factors Tfap2a and Tfap2b also control sleep in mice. Surprisingly, however, the two AP-2 paralogs play contrary roles in sleep control. Tfap2a reduction of function causes stronger delta and theta power in both baseline and homeostasis analysis, thus indicating increased sleep quality, but did not affect sleep quantity. By contrast, Tfap2b reduction of function decreased NREM sleep time specifically during the dark phase, reduced NREMS and REMS power, and caused a weaker response to sleep deprivation. Consistent with the observed signatures of decreased sleep quality, stress resistance and memory were impaired in Tfap2b mutant animals. Also, the circadian period was slightly shortened. Taken together, AP-2 transcription factors control sleep behavior also in mice, but the role of the AP-2 genes functionally diversified to allow for a bidirectional control of sleep quality. Divergence of AP-2 transcription factors might perhaps have supported the evolution of more complex types of sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Max Planck Research Group "Sleep and Waking", Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Alejandra Korovaichuk
- Max Planck Research Group "Sleep and Waking", Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Mariana Astiz
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, 23562, Germany
| | - Henning Schroeder
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Rezaul Islam
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Jon Barrenetxea
- Max Planck Research Group "Sleep and Waking", Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Andre Fischer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen 37075, Germany
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen 37075, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, 37073, Germany
| | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, 23562, Germany
| | - Henrik Bringmann
- Max Planck Research Group "Sleep and Waking", Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- Department of Animal Physiology/Neurophysiology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany
- BIOTEC of the Technical University Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
He Q, Du J, Wei L, Zhao Z. AKH-FOXO pathway regulates starvation-induced sleep loss through remodeling of the small ventral lateral neuron dorsal projections. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009181. [PMID: 33104699 PMCID: PMC7644095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Starvation caused by adverse feeding stresses or food shortages has been reported to result in sleep loss in animals. However, how the starvation signal interacts with the central nervous system is still unknown. Here, the adipokinetic hormone (AKH)-Fork head Box-O (FOXO) pathway is shown to respond to energy change and adjust the sleep of Drosophila through remodeling of the s-LNv (small ventral lateral neurons) dorsal projections. Our results show that starvation prevents flies from going to sleep after the first light-dark transition. The LNvs are required for starvation-induced sleep loss through extension of the pigment dispersing factor (PDF)-containing s-LNv dorsal projections. Further studies reveal that loss of AKH or AKHR (akh receptor) function blocks starvation-induced extension of s-LNv dorsal projections and rescues sleep suppression during food deprivation. FOXO, which has been reported to regulate synapse plasticity of neurons, acts as starvation response factor downstream of AKH, and down regulation of FOXO level considerably alleviates the influence of starvation on s-LNv dorsal projections and sleep. Taking together, our results outline the transduction pathways between starvation signal and sleep, and reveal a novel functional site for sleep regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiankun He
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Liya Wei
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhangwu Zhao
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Spana EP, Abrams AB, Ellis KT, Klein JC, Ruderman BT, Shi AH, Zhu D, Stewart A, May S. speck, First Identified in Drosophila melanogaster in 1910, Is Encoded by the Arylalkalamine N-Acetyltransferase (AANAT1) Gene. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2020; 10:3387-3398. [PMID: 32709620 PMCID: PMC7466976 DOI: 10.1534/g3.120.401470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The pigmentation mutation speck is a commonly used recombination marker characterized by a darkly pigmented region at the wing hinge. Identified in 1910 by Thomas Hunt Morgan, speck was characterized by Sturtevant as the most "workable" mutant in the rightmost region of the second chromosome and eventually localized to 2-107.0 and 60C1-2. Though the first speck mutation was isolated over 110 years ago, speck is still not associated with any gene. Here, as part of an undergraduate-led research effort, we show that speck is encoded by the Arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 (AANAT1) gene. Both alleles from the Morgan lab contain a retrotransposon in exon 1 of the RB transcript of the AANAT1 gene. We have also identified a new insertion allele and generated multiple deletion alleles in AANAT1 that all give a strong speck phenotype. In addition, expression of AANAT1 RNAi constructs either ubiquitously or in the dorsal portion of the developing wing generates a similar speck phenotype. We find that speck alleles have additional phenotypes, including ectopic pigmentation in the posterior pupal case, leg joints, cuticular sutures and overall body color. We propose that the acetylated dopamine generated by AANAT1 decreases the dopamine pool available for melanin production. When AANAT1 function is decreased, the excess dopamine enters the melanin pathway to generate the speck phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric P Spana
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | | | | | - Jason C Klein
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | | | - Alvin H Shi
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Daniel Zhu
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Andrea Stewart
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Susan May
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Busack I, Jordan F, Sapir P, Bringmann H. The OptoGenBox - a device for long-term optogenetics in C. elegans. J Neurogenet 2020; 34:466-474. [PMID: 32543249 DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2020.1776709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Optogenetics controls neural activity and behavior in living organisms through genetically targetable actuators and light. This method has revolutionized biology and medicine as it allows controlling cells with high temporal and spatial precision. Optogenetics is typically applied only at short time scales, for instance to study specific behaviors. Optogenetically manipulating behavior also gives insights into physiology, as behavior controls systemic physiological processes. For example, arousal and sleep affect aging and health span. To study how behavior controls key physiological processes, behavioral manipulations need to occur at extended time scales. However, methods for long-term optogenetics are scarce and typically require expensive compound microscope setups. Optogenetic experiments can be conducted in many species. Small model animals such as the nematode C. elegans have been instrumental in solving the mechanistic basis of medically important biological processes. We developed the OptoGenBox, an affordable stand-alone and simple-to-use device for long-term optogenetic manipulation of C. elegans. The OptoGenBox provides a controlled environment and is programmable to allow the execution of complex optogenetic manipulations over long experimental times of many days to weeks. To test our device, we investigated how optogenetically increased arousal and optogenetic sleep deprivation affect survival of arrested first larval stage C. elegans. We optogenetically activated the nociceptive ASH sensory neurons using ReaChR, thus triggering an escape response and increase in arousal. In addition, we optogenetically inhibited the sleep neuron RIS using ArchT, a condition known to impair sleep. Both optogenetic manipulations reduced survival. Thus, the OptoGenBox presents an affordable system to study the long-term consequences of optogenetic manipulations of key biological processes in C. elegans and perhaps other small animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inka Busack
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, Department of Animal Physiology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Florian Jordan
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peleg Sapir
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henrik Bringmann
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, Department of Animal Physiology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Grubbs JJ, Lopes LE, van der Linden AM, Raizen DM. A salt-induced kinase is required for the metabolic regulation of sleep. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000220. [PMID: 32315298 PMCID: PMC7173979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many lines of evidence point to links between sleep regulation and energy homeostasis, but mechanisms underlying these connections are unknown. During Caenorhabditis elegans sleep, energetic stores are allocated to nonneural tasks with a resultant drop in the overall fat stores and energy charge. Mutants lacking KIN-29, the C. elegans homolog of a mammalian Salt-Inducible Kinase (SIK) that signals sleep pressure, have low ATP levels despite high-fat stores, indicating a defective response to cellular energy deficits. Liberating energy stores corrects adiposity and sleep defects of kin-29 mutants. kin-29 sleep and energy homeostasis roles map to a set of sensory neurons that act upstream of fat regulation as well as of central sleep-controlling neurons, suggesting hierarchical somatic/neural interactions regulating sleep and energy homeostasis. Genetic interaction between kin-29 and the histone deacetylase hda-4 coupled with subcellular localization studies indicate that KIN-29 acts in the nucleus to regulate sleep. We propose that KIN-29/SIK acts in nuclei of sensory neuroendocrine cells to transduce low cellular energy charge into the mobilization of energy stores, which in turn promotes sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy J. Grubbs
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Lindsey E. Lopes
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | - David M. Raizen
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Maluck E, Busack I, Besseling J, Masurat F, Turek M, Busch KE, Bringmann H. A wake-active locomotion circuit depolarizes a sleep-active neuron to switch on sleep. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000361. [PMID: 32078631 PMCID: PMC7053779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep-active neurons depolarize during sleep to suppress wakefulness circuits. Wake-active wake-promoting neurons in turn shut down sleep-active neurons, thus forming a bipartite flip-flop switch. However, how sleep is switched on is unclear because it is not known how wakefulness is translated into sleep-active neuron depolarization when the system is set to sleep. Using optogenetics in Caenorhabditis elegans, we solved the presynaptic circuit for depolarization of the sleep-active RIS neuron during developmentally regulated sleep, also known as lethargus. Surprisingly, we found that RIS activation requires neurons that have known roles in wakefulness and locomotion behavior. The RIM interneurons—which are active during and can induce reverse locomotion—play a complex role and can act as inhibitors of RIS when they are strongly depolarized and as activators of RIS when they are modestly depolarized. The PVC command interneurons, which are known to promote forward locomotion during wakefulness, act as major activators of RIS. The properties of these locomotion neurons are modulated during lethargus. The RIMs become less excitable. The PVCs become resistant to inhibition and have an increased capacity to activate RIS. Separate activation of neither the PVCs nor the RIMs appears to be sufficient for sleep induction; instead, our data suggest that they act in concert to activate RIS. Forward and reverse circuit activity is normally mutually exclusive. Our data suggest that RIS may be activated at the transition between forward and reverse locomotion states, perhaps when both forward (PVC) and reverse (including RIM) circuit activity overlap. While RIS is not strongly activated outside of lethargus, altered activity of the locomotion interneurons during lethargus favors strong RIS activation and thus sleep. The control of sleep-active neurons by locomotion circuits suggests that sleep control may have evolved from locomotion control. The flip-flop sleep switch in C. elegans thus requires an additional component, wake-active sleep-promoting neurons that translate wakefulness into the depolarization of a sleep-active neuron when the worm is sleepy. Wake-active sleep-promoting circuits may also be required for sleep state switching in other animals, including in mammals. This study in nematodes shows that to understand sleep state switching, the flip-flop model for sleep regulation needs to be complemented by additional wake-active sleep-promoting neurons that activate sleep-active sleep-promoting neurons to induce sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Maluck
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
- University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Inka Busack
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
- University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Judith Besseling
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Michal Turek
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Henrik Bringmann
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
- University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
During sleep, animals do not eat, reproduce or forage. Sleeping animals are vulnerable to predation. Yet, the persistence of sleep despite evolutionary pressures, and the deleterious effects of sleep deprivation, indicate that sleep serves a function or functions that cannot easily be bypassed. Recent research demonstrates sleep to be phylogenetically far more pervasive than previously appreciated; it is possible that the very first animals slept. Here, we give an overview of sleep across various species, with the aim of determining its original purpose. Sleep exists in animals without cephalized nervous systems and can be influenced by non-neuronal signals, including those associated with metabolic rhythms. Together, these observations support the notion that sleep serves metabolic functions in neural and non-neural tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ron C Anafi
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology and the Program for Chronobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew S Kayser
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology and the Program for Chronobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David M Raizen
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology and the Program for Chronobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Epidermal Growth Factor Signaling Promotes Sleep through a Combined Series and Parallel Neural Circuit. Curr Biol 2019; 30:1-16.e13. [PMID: 31839447 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sleep requires sleep-active neurons that depolarize to inhibit wake circuits. Sleep-active neurons are under the control of homeostatic mechanisms that determine sleep need. However, little is known about the molecular and circuit mechanisms that translate sleep need into the depolarization of sleep-active neurons. During many stages and conditions in C. elegans, sleep requires a sleep-active neuron called RIS. Here, we defined the transcriptome of RIS and discovered that genes of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway are expressed in RIS. Because of cellular stress, EGFR directly activates RIS. Activation of EGFR signaling in the ALA neuron has previously been suggested to promote sleep independently of RIS. Unexpectedly, we found that ALA activation promotes RIS depolarization. Our results suggest that ALA is a drowsiness neuron with two separable functions: (1) it inhibits specific behaviors, such as feeding, independently of RIS, (2) and it activates RIS. Whereas ALA plays a strong role in surviving cellular stress, surprisingly, RIS does not. In summary, EGFR signaling can depolarize RIS by an indirect mechanism through activation of the ALA neuron that acts upstream of the sleep-active RIS neuron and through a direct mechanism using EGFR signaling in RIS. ALA-dependent drowsiness, rather than RIS-dependent sleep bouts, appears to be important for increasing survival after cellular stress, suggesting that different types of behavioral inhibition play different roles in restoring health. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
Collapse
|
27
|
Lee DA, Liu J, Hong Y, Lane JM, Hill AJ, Hou SL, Wang H, Oikonomou G, Pham U, Engle J, Saxena R, Prober DA. Evolutionarily conserved regulation of sleep by epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax4249. [PMID: 31763451 PMCID: PMC6853770 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax4249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The genetic bases for most human sleep disorders and for variation in human sleep quantity and quality are largely unknown. Using the zebrafish, a diurnal vertebrate, to investigate the genetic regulation of sleep, we found that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling is necessary and sufficient for normal sleep levels and is required for the normal homeostatic response to sleep deprivation. We observed that EGFR signaling promotes sleep via mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase and RFamide neuropeptide signaling and that it regulates RFamide neuropeptide expression and neuronal activity. Consistent with these findings, analysis of a large cohort of human genetic data from participants of European ancestry revealed that common variants in genes within the EGFR signaling pathway are associated with variation in human sleep quantity and quality. These results indicate that EGFR signaling and its downstream pathways play a central and ancient role in regulating sleep and provide new therapeutic targets for sleep disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Lee
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Justin Liu
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Young Hong
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Jacqueline M. Lane
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Andrew J. Hill
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Sarah L. Hou
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Heming Wang
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Grigorios Oikonomou
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Uyen Pham
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Jae Engle
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Richa Saxena
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David A. Prober
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang Y, Hoeppner LH, Angom RS, Wang E, Dutta S, Doeppler HR, Wang F, Shen T, Scarisbrick IA, Guha S, Storz P, Bhattacharya R, Mukhopadhyay D. Protein kinase D up-regulates transcription of VEGF receptor-2 in endothelial cells by suppressing nuclear localization of the transcription factor AP2β. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:15759-15767. [PMID: 31492751 PMCID: PMC6816101 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) signals primarily through its cognate receptor VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) to control vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, key physiological processes in cardiovascular disease and cancer. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), knockdown of protein kinase D-1 (PKD1) or PKD2 down-regulates VEGFR-2 expression and inhibits VEGF-induced cell proliferation and migration. However, how PKD regulates VEGF signaling is unclear. Previous bioinformatics analyses have identified binding sites for the transcription factor activating enhancer-binding protein 2 (AP2) in the VEGFR-2 promoter. Using ChIP analyses, here we found that PKD knockdown in HUVECs increases binding of AP2β to the VEGFR-2 promoter. Luciferase reporter assays with serial deletions of AP2-binding sites within the VEGFR-2 promoter revealed that its transcriptional activity negatively correlates with the number of these sites. Next we demonstrated that AP2β up-regulation decreases VEGFR-2 expression and that loss of AP2β enhances VEGFR-2 expression in HUVECs. In vivo experiments confirmed increased VEGFR-2 immunostaining in the spinal cord of AP2β knockout mouse embryos. Mechanistically, we observed that PKD phosphorylates AP2β at Ser258 and Ser277 and suppresses its nuclear accumulation. Inhibition of PKD activity with a pan-PKD inhibitor increased AP2β nuclear localization, and overexpression of both WT and constitutively active PKD1 or PKD2 reduced AP2β nuclear localization through a Ser258- and Ser277-dependent mechanism. Furthermore, substitution of Ser277 in AP2β increased its binding to the VEGFR-2 promoter. Our findings uncover evidence of a molecular pathway that regulates VEGFR-2 expression, insights that may shed light on the etiology of diseases associated with aberrant VEGF/VEGFR signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224
| | - Luke H Hoeppner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Ramcharan Singh Angom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224
| | - Enfeng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224
| | - Shamit Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224
| | - Heike R Doeppler
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China
| | - Tao Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650221, China
| | - Isobel A Scarisbrick
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Sushovan Guha
- University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona 85004
| | - Peter Storz
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Debabrata Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Steuer Costa W, Van der Auwera P, Glock C, Liewald JF, Bach M, Schüler C, Wabnig S, Oranth A, Masurat F, Bringmann H, Schoofs L, Stelzer EHK, Fischer SC, Gottschalk A. A GABAergic and peptidergic sleep neuron as a locomotion stop neuron with compartmentalized Ca2+ dynamics. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4095. [PMID: 31506439 PMCID: PMC6736843 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12098-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals must slow or halt locomotion to integrate sensory inputs or to change direction. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the GABAergic and peptidergic neuron RIS mediates developmentally timed quiescence. Here, we show RIS functions additionally as a locomotion stop neuron. RIS optogenetic stimulation caused acute and persistent inhibition of locomotion and pharyngeal pumping, phenotypes requiring FLP-11 neuropeptides and GABA. RIS photoactivation allows the animal to maintain its body posture by sustaining muscle tone, yet inactivating motor neuron oscillatory activity. During locomotion, RIS axonal Ca2+ signals revealed functional compartmentalization: Activity in the nerve ring process correlated with locomotion stop, while activity in a branch correlated with induced reversals. GABA was required to induce, and FLP-11 neuropeptides were required to sustain locomotion stop. RIS attenuates neuronal activity and inhibits movement, possibly enabling sensory integration and decision making, and exemplifies dual use of one cell across development in a compact nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wagner Steuer Costa
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany.,Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Petrus Van der Auwera
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany.,Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany.,Functional Genomics and Proteomics Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59 - box 2465, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Caspar Glock
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany.,Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institute for Brain Research, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 4, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jana F Liewald
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany.,Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Maximilian Bach
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany.,Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christina Schüler
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany.,Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wabnig
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany.,Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany.,od green GmbH, Passauerstrasse 34, 4780, Schärding am Inn, Austria
| | - Alexandra Oranth
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany.,Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Florentin Masurat
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henrik Bringmann
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 8, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Liliane Schoofs
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59 - box 2465, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ernst H K Stelzer
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany.,Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 13, 60439, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sabine C Fischer
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany.,Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 13, 60439, Frankfurt, Germany.,Center for Computational and Theoretical Biology (CCTB), University of Würzburg, Campus Hubland Nord 32, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Gottschalk
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany. .,Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
A Hyperkinetic Redox Sensor Drives Flies to Sleep. Trends Neurosci 2019; 42:514-517. [PMID: 31178075 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several different potassium channels modulate the activity of sleep-promoting neurons in the Drosophila brain, but the regulation of these channels is not completely understood. A recent study (Kempf et al., Nature, 2019) found that one of the potassium channel subunits, Hyperkinetic, alters the firing properties of sleep-promoting neurons in response to NADPH oxidation. These findings are the first to link cellular redox state and mitochondrial metabolism directly to sleep.
Collapse
|
31
|
On the cause of sleep: Protein fragments, the concept of sentinels, and links to epilepsy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:10773-10782. [PMID: 31085645 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1904709116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular-level cause of sleep is unknown. In 2012, we suggested that the cause of sleep stems from cumulative effects of numerous intracellular and extracellular protein fragments. According to the fragment generation (FG) hypothesis, protein fragments (which are continually produced through nonprocessive cleavages by intracellular, intramembrane, and extracellular proteases) can be beneficial but toxic as well, and some fragments are eliminated slowly during wakefulness. We consider the FG hypothesis and propose that, during wakefulness, the degradation of accumulating fragments is delayed within natural protein aggregates such as postsynaptic densities (PSDs) in excitatory synapses and in other dense protein meshworks, owing to an impeded diffusion of the ∼3,000-kDa 26S proteasome. We also propose that a major function of sleep involves a partial and reversible expansion of PSDs, allowing an accelerated destruction of PSD-localized fragments by the ubiquitin/proteasome system. Expansion of PSDs would alter electrochemistry of synapses, thereby contributing to a decreased neuronal firing during sleep. If so, the loss of consciousness, a feature of sleep, would be the consequence of molecular processes (expansions of protein meshworks) that are required for degradation of protein fragments. We consider the concept of FG sentinels, which signal to sleep-regulating circuits that the levels of fragments are going up. Also discussed is the possibility that protein fragments, which are known to be overproduced during an epileptic seizure, may contribute to postictal sleep and termination of seizures. These and related suggestions, described in the paper, are compatible with current evidence about sleep and lead to testable predictions.
Collapse
|
32
|
Churgin MA, Szuperak M, Davis KC, Raizen DM, Fang-Yen C, Kayser MS. Quantitative imaging of sleep behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans and larval Drosophila melanogaster. Nat Protoc 2019; 14:1455-1488. [PMID: 30953041 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-019-0146-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Sleep is nearly universal among animals, yet remains poorly understood. Recent work has leveraged simple model organisms, such as Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster larvae, to investigate the genetic and neural bases of sleep. However, manual methods of recording sleep behavior in these systems are labor intensive and low in throughput. To address these limitations, we developed methods for quantitative imaging of individual animals cultivated in custom microfabricated multiwell substrates, and used them to elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying sleep. Here, we describe the steps necessary to design, produce, and image these plates, as well as analyze the resulting behavioral data. We also describe approaches for experimentally manipulating sleep. Following these procedures, after ~2 h of experimental preparation, we are able to simultaneously image 24 C. elegans from the second larval stage to adult stages or 20 Drosophila larvae during the second instar life stage at a spatial resolution of 10 or 27 µm, respectively. Although this system has been optimized to measure activity and quiescence in Caenorhabditis larvae and adults and in Drosophila larvae, it can also be used to assess other behaviors over short or long periods. Moreover, with minor modifications, it can be adapted for the behavioral monitoring of a wide range of small animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Churgin
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Milan Szuperak
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kristen C Davis
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology (CEET), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David M Raizen
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Chronobiology Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher Fang-Yen
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew S Kayser
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Chronobiology Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bringmann H. Genetic sleep deprivation: using sleep mutants to study sleep functions. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:embr.201846807. [PMID: 30804011 PMCID: PMC6399599 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a fundamental conserved physiological state in animals and humans. It may serve multiple functions, ranging from energy conservation to higher brain operation. Understanding sleep functions and the underlying mechanisms requires the study of sleeplessness and its consequences. The traditional approach to remove sleep is sleep deprivation (SD) by sensory stimulation. However, stimulation-induced SD can be stressful and can cause non-specific side effects. An emerging alternative method is "genetic SD", which removes sleep using genetics or optogenetics. Sleep requires sleep-active neurons and their regulators. Thus, genetic impairment of sleep circuits might lead to more specific and comprehensive sleep loss. Here, I discuss the advantages and limits of genetic SD in key genetic sleep model animals: rodents, zebrafish, fruit flies and roundworms, and how the study of genetic SD alters our view of sleep functions. Genetic SD typically causes less severe phenotypes compared with stimulation-induced SD, suggesting that sensory stimulation-induced SD may have overestimated the role of sleep, calling for a re-investigation of sleep functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Bringmann
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wu Y, Masurat F, Preis J, Bringmann H. Sleep Counteracts Aging Phenotypes to Survive Starvation-Induced Developmental Arrest in C. elegans. Curr Biol 2018; 28:3610-3624.e8. [PMID: 30416057 PMCID: PMC6264389 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is ancient and fulfills higher brain functions as well as basic vital processes. Little is known about how sleep emerged in evolution and what essential functions it was selected for. Here, we investigated sleep in Caenorhabditis elegans across developmental stages and physiological conditions to find out when and how sleep in a simple animal becomes essential for survival. We found that sleep in worms occurs during most stages and physiological conditions and is typically induced by the sleep-active RIS neuron. Food quality and availability determine sleep amount. Extended starvation, which induces developmental arrest in larvae, presents a major sleep trigger. Conserved nutrient-sensing regulators of longevity and developmental arrest, AMP-activated kinase and FoxO, act in parallel to induce sleep during extended food deprivation. These metabolic factors can act in multiple tissues to signal starvation to RIS. Although sleep does not appear to be essential for a normal adult lifespan, it is crucial for survival of starvation-induced developmental arrest in larvae. Rather than merely saving energy for later use, sleep counteracts the progression of aging phenotypes, perhaps by allocating resources. Thus, sleep presents a protective anti-aging program that is induced by nutrient-sensing longevity pathways to survive starvation-induced developmental arrest. All organisms are threatened with the possibility of experienced famine in their life, which suggests that the molecular coupling of starvation, development, aging, and sleep was selected for early in the evolution of nervous systems and may be conserved in other species, including humans. C. elegans sleep across most physiological conditions, including developmental arrest The sleep-active RIS neuron generally induces physiological sleep Insulin and sirtuin signaling control AMPK and FoxO to induce sleep during starvation Sleep is required to survive developmental arrest and counteracts aging phenotypes
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wu
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Florentin Masurat
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Preis
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henrik Bringmann
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Murillo-Rodríguez E, Arankowsky-Sandoval G, Rocha NB, Peniche-Amante R, Veras AB, Machado S, Budde H. Systemic Injections of Cannabidiol Enhance Acetylcholine Levels from Basal Forebrain in Rats. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:1511-1518. [PMID: 29876791 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2565-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis sativa is a plant that contains more than 500 components, of which the most studied are Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). Several studies have indicated that CBD displays neurobiological effects, including wake promotion. Moreover, experimental evidence has shown that injections of CBD enhance wake-related compounds, such as monoamines (dopamine, serotonin, epinephrine, and norepinephrine). However, no clear evidence is available regarding the effects of CBD on additional wake-related neurochemicals such as acetylcholine (ACh). Here, we demonstrate that systemic injections of CBD (0, 5, 10 or 30 mg/kg, i.p.) at the beginning of the lights-on period, increase the extracellular levels of ACh collected from the basal forebrain and measured by microdialysis and HPLC means. Moreover, the time course effects on the contents of ACh were present 5 h post-injection of CBD. Altogether, these data demonstrate that CBD increases ACh levels in a brain region related to wake control. This study is the first to show the effects of ACh levels in CBD-treated rats and suggests that the basal forebrain might be a site of action of CBD for wakefulness modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Murillo-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Carretera Mérida-Progreso Km. 15.5, A.P. 96 Cordemex, C.P. 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico. .,Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Gloria Arankowsky-Sandoval
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Nuno Barbosa Rocha
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.,Health School, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Peniche-Amante
- Coordinación de Psicología Organizacional, División de Estudios Profesionales, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - André Barciela Veras
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.,Universidade Catolica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Machado
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.,Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Salgado de Oliveira University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Physical Activity Neuroscience Laboratory, Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate Program-Salgado de Oliveira University (UNIVERSO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Henning Budde
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.,Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Physical Activity, Physical Education, Health and Sport Research Centre (PAPESH), Sports Science Department, School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavík, Iceland.,Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|