1
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Jasim MB, Al-Obaidi AB, Abdulrasul EA, Ghazi HF. Serostatus of Coxsackie B in a sample of women with miscarriage in Baghdad, Iraq. Hum Antibodies 2024; 32:61-65. [PMID: 38669524 DOI: 10.3233/hab-240005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antibody that crosses transplacentally from mother to fetus is very important origin of protective passive immunity against infection neonatal with enterovirus. Important varieties of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) are responsible for infections in newborns. The purpose from this study is to investigate in the prevalence of Coxsackie B virus in a sample of Iraqi women with miscarriage and potential role of miscarriage risk. METHODS Between November 2022 and June 2023, we included 91 parturient women (gestational age: 4-20 weeks) who were between the ages of 15 and 40. Every participant completed a questionnaire, and blood was drawn to assess maternal antibodies against CVB3. RESULTS The blood seropositive rates were 46 out 91(50.54%), 2 out 46 were IgM positive (4.34%), (8-12 weeks) 23 from 46 (50%) (p-value 0.0294) gestational age more frequent among aborted women that positive for anti-coxsackie B antibody, The 25-35 age group was significantly overrepresented (51/91, 56%) compared to other age groups. CONCLUSION This investigation posits Coxsackie B virus (CBV) as a possible etiology for miscarriage in the Iraqi female population. Further studies employing larger cohorts and robust methodologies, beyond the current detection technique, are warranted to corroborate these observations and elucidate the potential mechanisms by which CBV might induce miscarriage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asmaa B Al-Obaidi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Enas Adnan Abdulrasul
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Haider Faisal Ghazi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
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2
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Sharma V, Goessling LS, Brar AK, Eghtesady P. Multiple subtypes of coxsackievirus group B can cause congenital heart disease. Birth Defects Res 2023; 115:171-178. [PMID: 36094067 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different serotypes of coxsackievirus B (CVB), which is the most common cause of viral myocarditis, target cardiomyocytes through Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor and Decay-Accelerating Factor. Both receptors are expressed in the fetal heart. We hypothesized that infection with different serotypes of CVB during early pregnancy plays a role in pathogenesis of congenital heart defect (CHD). METHODS In this study, we use a murine model to infect with CVB1, CVB4, and combination of CVB3 + CVB4 during a critical period in gestation. We examined offspring of pregnant mice for fetal death and heart defects following viral infection. RESULT Fetuses from uninfected control dams showed normal heart development, while maternal CVB infection precipitates CHD: majorly ventricular septal defects (VSD) and non-compaction of ventricular myocardium (NC), with some infrequent cases of double outlet right ventricle, left ventricle wall rupture, right ventricle hypertrophy, and thickened/dysplastic semilunar valves. Infection of pregnant dams with CVB1 leads to 44% VSD and 41.2% NC cases, while with CVB4 leads to 31.7% VSD and 13.3% NC cases. Co-infection with CVB3 + CVB4 increases fetal pathology to 51.3% VSD and 41% NC cases. Infection can also result in fetal death, with higher incidences with CVB3 + CVB4 with 46.2% cases, compared to 33.3% by CVB1 and 21.7% by CVB4. Male fetuses were more susceptible to all phenotypes. CONCLUSION Our report shows that prenatal CVB infections can lead to pathogenesis of certain heart defects in mouse model, particularly exacerbated with co-infections. This data confirms a link between prenatal CVB infection and CHD development and highlights it is not unique to just one serotype of CVB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipul Sharma
- Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lisa S Goessling
- Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Anoop K Brar
- Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Pirooz Eghtesady
- Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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3
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Uterine Injury Caused by Genotype 4 Hepatitis E Virus Infection Based on a BALB/c Mice Model. Viruses 2021; 13:v13101950. [PMID: 34696377 PMCID: PMC8538062 DOI: 10.3390/v13101950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate whether uterine injury caused by hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is responsible for adverse pregnancy outcomes. HEV-infected female BALB/c mice were coupled with healthy male BALB/c mice at 0, 7, 14, 21, and 91 dpi to explore the uterine injury caused by HEV infection. Mice were euthanized after 10 days of copulation, and uteruses were collected for HEV RNA and antigen detection and histopathological analysis. Inflammatory responses; apoptosis; and estrogen receptor ɑ (ER-ɑ), endomethal antibody (ERAb), cytokeratin-7 (CK7), vimentin (VIM), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression levels were evaluated. After 10 days of copulation, miscarriage and nonpregnancy, as well as enlarged uteruses filled with inflammatory cytokines, were found in HEV-infected mice. HEV RNA and antigens were detected in the sera and uteruses of HEV-infected mice. Significant endometrial thickness (EMT) thinning, severe inflammatory responses, and aggravated apoptosis in the uteruses of HEV-infected mice that experienced miscarriage might contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Furthermore, significantly suppressed ER-ɑ expression and increased ERAb, CK7, VIM, and VEGF expression levels were found in the uteruses of HEV-infected mice that had miscarried. However, uterine damage recovered after complete HEV clearance, and impaired fertility was improved. EMT injury, severe inflammatory responses, and aggravated apoptosis in the uterus caused by HEV infection are responsible for poor pregnancy outcomes.
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4
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Böhnke J, Pinkert S, Schmidt M, Binder H, Bilz NC, Jung M, Reibetanz U, Beling A, Rujescu D, Claus C. Coxsackievirus B3 Infection of Human iPSC Lines and Derived Primary Germ-Layer Cells Regarding Receptor Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1220. [PMID: 33513663 PMCID: PMC7865966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The association of members of the enterovirus family with pregnancy complications up to miscarriages is under discussion. Here, infection of two different human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines and iPSC-derived primary germ-layer cells with coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) was characterized as an in vitro cell culture model for very early human development. Transcriptomic analysis of iPSC lines infected with recombinant CVB3 expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) revealed a reduction in the expression of pluripotency genes besides an enhancement of genes involved in RNA metabolism. The initial distribution of CVB3-EGFP-positive cells within iPSC colonies correlated with the distribution of its receptor coxsackie- and adenovirus receptor (CAR). Application of anti-CAR blocking antibodies supported the requirement of CAR, but not of the co-receptor decay-accelerating factor (DAF) for infection of iPSC lines. Among iPSC-derived germ-layer cells, mesodermal cells were especially vulnerable to CVB3-EGFP infection. Our data implicate further consideration of members of the enterovirus family in the screening program of human pregnancies. Furthermore, iPSCs with their differentiation capacity into cell populations of relevant viral target organs could offer a reliable screening approach for therapeutic intervention and for assessment of organ-specific enterovirus virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janik Böhnke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (J.B.); (N.C.B.)
| | - Sandra Pinkert
- Institute of Biochemistry, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) and Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (S.P.); (A.B.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Side, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Schmidt
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (M.S.); (H.B.)
| | - Hans Binder
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (M.S.); (H.B.)
| | - Nicole Christin Bilz
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (J.B.); (N.C.B.)
| | - Matthias Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatic Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Julius-Kuehn-Strasse 7, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany; (M.J.); (D.R.)
| | - Uta Reibetanz
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Härtelstrasse 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Antje Beling
- Institute of Biochemistry, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) and Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (S.P.); (A.B.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Side, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatic Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Julius-Kuehn-Strasse 7, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany; (M.J.); (D.R.)
| | - Claudia Claus
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (J.B.); (N.C.B.)
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5
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Sharma V, Goessling LS, Brar AK, Joshi CS, Mysorekar IU, Eghtesady P. Coxsackievirus B3 Infection Early in Pregnancy Induces Congenital Heart Defects Through Suppression of Fetal Cardiomyocyte Proliferation. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e017995. [PMID: 33440998 PMCID: PMC7955305 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.017995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Coxsackievirus B (CVB) is the most common cause of viral myocarditis. It targets cardiomyocytes through coxsackie and adenovirus receptor, which is highly expressed in the fetal heart. We hypothesized CVB3 can precipitate congenital heart defects when fetal infection occurs during critical window of gestation. Methods and Results We infected C57Bl/6 pregnant mice with CVB3 during time points in early gestation (embryonic day [E] 5, E7, E9, and E11). We used different viral titers to examine possible dose-response relationship and assessed viral loads in various fetal organs. Provided viral exposure occurred between E7 and E9, we observed characteristic features of ventricular septal defect (33.6%), abnormal myocardial architecture resembling noncompaction (23.5%), and double-outlet right ventricle (4.4%) among 209 viable fetuses examined. We observed a direct relationship between viral titers and severity of congenital heart defects, with apparent predominance among female fetuses. Infected dams remained healthy; we did not observe any maternal heart or placental injury suggestive of direct viral effects on developing heart as likely cause of congenital heart defects. We examined signaling pathways in CVB3-exposed hearts using RNA sequencing, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis, and immunohistochemistry. Signaling proteins of the Hippo, tight junction, transforming growth factor-β1, and extracellular matrix proteins were the most highly enriched in CVB3-infected fetuses with ventricular septal defects. Moreover, cardiomyocyte proliferation was 50% lower in fetuses with ventricular septal defects compared with uninfected controls. Conclusions We conclude prenatal CVB3 infection induces congenital heart defects. Alterations in myocardial proliferate capacity and consequent changes in cardiac architecture and trabeculation appear to account for most of observed phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipul Sharma
- Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMO
| | - Lisa S. Goessling
- Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMO
| | - Anoop K. Brar
- Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMO
| | - Chetanchandra S. Joshi
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMO
- Department of Pathology and ImmunologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMO
| | - Indira U. Mysorekar
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMO
- Department of Pathology and ImmunologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMO
| | - Pirooz Eghtesady
- Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMO
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6
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Immunopathology in the brain of mice following vertical transmission of Coxsackievirus B4. Microb Pathog 2020; 140:103965. [PMID: 31904449 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.103965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Coxsackie B viruses (CV-B) are associated with several central nervous system (CNS) disorders. These viruses are predominantly transmitted by fecal-oral route but vertical transmission can also occur. This work attempted to study the immune response ensuing vertical transmission of CV-B to the brain, and its eventual implementation in the brain pathogenesis. To this end, pregnant Swiss albino mice were inoculated with CV-B4 E2 or with sterile medium for control animals. At different ages after birth, brains were collected and analyzed for virus infection, histopathological changes and immune response. Infectious particles were detected in offspring's brain which demonstrates vertical transmission of the virus. This infection is persistent since the long lasting detection of viral RNA in offspring's brain. Some pathological signs including meningitis, edema and accumulation of inflammatory cells within and surrounding the inflammatory areas were observed. Immunoflorescence staining unveiled the presence of T lymphocytes and microgliosis in the sites of lesion for a long period after birth. Multiplex cytokines measurement upon supernatants of in vitro mixed brain cells and extracted mononuclear cells from offspring's brain has demonstrated an elevated secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-6 and IFNα and the chemokines RANTES and MCP-1. Hence, vertical transmission of CV-B4 and its persistence within offspring's brain can lead to pathological features linked to increased and sustained immune response.
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7
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Lee JK, Oh SJ, Park H, Shin OS. Recent Updates on Research Models and Tools to Study Virus-Host Interactions at the Placenta. Viruses 2019; 12:E5. [PMID: 31861492 PMCID: PMC7020004 DOI: 10.3390/v12010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta is a unique mixed organ, composed of both maternal and fetal tissues, that is formed only during pregnancy and serves as the key physiological and immunological barrier preventing maternal-fetal transmission of pathogens. Several viruses can circumvent this physical barrier and enter the fetal compartment, resulting in miscarriage, preterm birth, and birth defects, including microcephaly. The mechanisms underlying viral strategies to evade the protective role of placenta are poorly understood. Here, we reviewed the role of trophoblasts and Hofbauer cells in the placenta and have highlighted characteristics of vertical and perinatal infections caused by a wide range of viruses. Moreover, we explored current progress and future opportunities in cellular targets, pathogenesis, and underlying biological mechanisms of congenital viral infections, as well as novel research models and tools to study the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Kyung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308 Korea; (J.K.L.); (S.-J.O.)
| | - Soo-Jin Oh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308 Korea; (J.K.L.); (S.-J.O.)
| | - Hosun Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyeonchung-ro, Namgu, Daegu 42415, Korea
| | - Ok Sarah Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308 Korea; (J.K.L.); (S.-J.O.)
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8
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Du S, Li Z, Xie X, Xu C, Shen X, Wang N, Shen Y. IL-17 stimulates the expression of CCL2 in cardiac myocytes via Act1/TRAF6/p38MAPK-dependent AP-1 activation. Scand J Immunol 2019; 91:e12840. [PMID: 31630418 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
IL-17 participates in the development of many autoimmune diseases by promoting the expression of some chemokines. Chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2) is an important factor at the infiltration of mononuclear cells in the myocardial tissue of viral myocarditis (VMC). It was found that IL-17 could aggravate myocardial injury by upregulating CCL2. But the underlying mechanism involved in CCL2 secretion induced by IL-17 in cardiac myocytes remains unclear. This study investigated the role of transcription factor AP-1 in IL-17 induced CCL2 expression. The results showed that IL-17 mediated the activation of Act1, TRAF6, p38MAPK and c-Jun/AP-1 not Wnt or PI3K signalling pathway to upregulate CCL2 expression in cardiac myocytes. After blocking Act1/TRAF6/p38MAPK cascade and interfering AP-1 with Curcumin or c-Jun siRNA, CCL2 expression induced by IL-17 was significantly attenuated at both mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of c-Jun was suppressed when cardiac myocytes were treated with Act1 siRNA, TRAF6 siRNA, SB203580 (p38MAPK inhibitor) or SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) in cardiac myocytes. In conclusion, IL-17 could stimulate the expression of CCL2 in cardiac myocytes via Act1/TRAF6/p38MAPK-dependent AP-1 activation, which may provide a new target for the diagnosis and treatment of VMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyou Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhuolun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Congfeng Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhe Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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9
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Giachè S, Borchi B, Zammarchi L, Colao MG, Ciccone N, Sterrantino G, Rossolini GM, Bartoloni A, Trotta M. Hand, foot, and mouth disease in pregnancy: 7 years Tuscan experience and literature review. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2019; 34:1494-1500. [PMID: 31291796 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1638898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluation of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) diagnostic strategies in pregnancy and the risk of HFMD-related fetopathy. STUDY DESIGN Pregnant women consecutively evaluated between 2010 and 2016 at the Tuscany Reference Center for Infectious Diseases in Pregnancy for HFMD were enrolled. A descriptive analysis of infected patients/newborns data and literature review were carried out. RESULT Of the 128 women evaluated, 52 (41%) were symptomatic: 32 (61.5%) developed HFM vesicles, 12 (23%) palmoplantar vesicles, and 8 (15.5%) oral aphthae. Serological positivity and direct Enterovirus detection on blood and vesicle were obtained in 1.9% (1/52), 9.1% (1/11), and 68.7% (11/16), respectively. Three miscarriage and few cases of fetal/neonatal anomalies were reported. CONCLUSION HFMD diagnosis is primarily a clinical diagnosis. Direct viral detection is more sensitive than serology. Considering our series and literature review, data on embryo-fetal-neonatal outcomes are not conclusive. Although the role of EV as causative agents of congenital defects remains uncertain, the described cases of unfavorable outcome impose prudence and monitoring of pregnant women with HFMD throughout the gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Giachè
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Beatrice Borchi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.,Tuscany Reference Center for Infectious Diseases in Pregnancy, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Zammarchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.,Tuscany Reference Center for Infectious Diseases in Pregnancy, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Colao
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Nunziata Ciccone
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Gaetana Sterrantino
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Rossolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Microbiology and Virology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bartoloni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Michele Trotta
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.,Tuscany Reference Center for Infectious Diseases in Pregnancy, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
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10
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Sarmirova S, Borsanyiova M, Benkoova B, Pospisilova M, Arumugam R, Berakova K, Gomolcak P, Reddy J, Bopegamage S. Pancreas of coxsackievirus-infected dams and their challenged pups: A complex issue. Virulence 2019; 10:207-221. [PMID: 30829107 PMCID: PMC6550550 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2019.1589364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroviral infections are frequent, often asymptomatic in humans and during gravidity. The present study is an extension of our previous investigations where we had shown pancreatitis in challenged pups of CVB4-E2-infected dams. Present investigation describes the effect of gestational infection with this virus on the pancreas of both dams and their challenged pups. Gravid CD1 outbred mice were orally infected with CVB4-E2 virus at different gestation times. Pups were challenged orally with the same virus after 25 days of birth. Organs were collected at selected intervals postinfection (p.i.), and replicating virus and viral-RNA copies were analyzed. Additional readouts included histopathology and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis for localization and identification of Ly6G+ cells (neutrophils), CD11b+ cells (macrophages), and viral protein in pancreatic tissue sections of the infected dams and their challenged pups. Our results show the presence of replicating virus in the pancreas of infected dams and their challenged pups, with inflammation leading to chronic necrotizing pancreatitis and atrophy of pancreatic acini of the dams and their offspring. IHC analysis of the infiltrating cells showed pronounced Ly6G+ neutrophils in dams only, whereas CD11b+ macrophages were present in tissues of both, the pups and the dams. Time of infection during gravidity as well as the p.i. intervals when mice were sacrificed influenced the pancreatic pathophysiology in both groups. We conclude that coxsackievirus infection during pregnancy is a risk factor for chronic affliction of the exocrine tissue and could affect endocrine pancreas in the mother and child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Sarmirova
- a Enterovirus Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology , Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Maria Borsanyiova
- a Enterovirus Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology , Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Brigita Benkoova
- a Enterovirus Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology , Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Michaela Pospisilova
- a Enterovirus Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology , Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Rajkumar Arumugam
- b School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , NE , USA
| | | | - Pavol Gomolcak
- d Immunohistochemical Laboratory, Medical Laboratory Pathology and Cytology , Cytopathos, s.r.o , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Jay Reddy
- b School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , NE , USA
| | - Shubhada Bopegamage
- a Enterovirus Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology , Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
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11
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Khediri Z, Vauloup-Fellous C, Benachi A, Ayoubi JM, Mandelbrot L, Picone O. Adverse effects of maternal enterovirus infection on the pregnancy outcome: a prospective and retrospective pilot study. Virol J 2018; 15:70. [PMID: 29661198 PMCID: PMC5902830 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-0978-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enteroviruses account for about one billion infections worldwide each year, the majority remain asymptomatic. Data on enterovirus infections during pregnancy appear to be very rare. Several cases have been reported in the literature of fetal and neonatal complications attributed to these viruses, but prospective data on these infections during pregnancy are not available. Objective To estimate the prevalence of enterovirus infections in febrile syndromes in pregnant women, and in case of in utero fetal death (IUFD). Methods Ttri-centric observational cohort study. We performed prospective inclusion for patients with fever during a four-month period. We also analyzed the amniotic fluid in patients with unexplained IUFD retrospectively during a five-year period. Investigations of enteroviruses are made by RT-PCR from routine biological samples (amniocentesis, RT-PCR in maternal blood or CSF). Results Prospectively, 33 patients were included during the study period. We have identified 4 cases of confirmed enterovirus infection (12.4%). We have recorded a severe form of perinatal enterovirus infection involving the vital prognosis of the newborn. In the retrospective cohort of 75 IUFD cases, we had only one case of enterovirus-positive RT-PCR in amniotic fluid during 5 years, meaning a frequency of 1.3%. We did not had any positive EV case in case of early miscarriage, but the limited number of inclusions cannot help us to conclude. Conclusion Enteroviruses are probably an underestimated cause of obstetric and neonatal complications. Investigation of enterovirus by PCR should be discussed during pregnancy and peripartum in case of febrile syndrome with no obvious bacterial cause, and unexplained IUFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Khediri
- Service de gynécologie et obstétrique and Risk in pregnancy university department, Hôpital Louis-Mourier, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 178, rue des Renouillers, 92700, Colombes, France.,Université Paris-Diderot, 75013, Paris, France
| | - C Vauloup-Fellous
- Inserm U1193, virologie, WHO Rubella NRL, National Reference Laboratory for Maternofetal Rubella Infections, AP-HP, hôpital Paul-Brousse, groupe hospitalier universitaire Paris-Sud, université Paris-Sud, 94804, Villejuif, France.,Groupe de Recherche sur les Infections Pendant la Grossesse (GRIG), Vélizy, France
| | - A Benachi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine and Centre, maladies rares : hernie de coupole diaphragmatique, hôpital Antoine-Béclère, AP-HP, université Paris Sud, 157, rue de la Porte-de-Trivaux, 92140, Clamart, France
| | - J M Ayoubi
- Department of obstetrics and gynecology, hôpital Foch, 92120, Suresnes, France.,EA2493, UFR des sciences de la santé Simone-Veil, université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 78180, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - L Mandelbrot
- Service de gynécologie et obstétrique and Risk in pregnancy university department, Hôpital Louis-Mourier, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 178, rue des Renouillers, 92700, Colombes, France.,IAME (Infection, Antimicrobials, Modelling, Evolution), INSERM, UMR 1137 - UFR de Médecine Paris 7 Denis Diderot, 16 rue Henri Huchard, B.P. 416 - 75870, Paris cedex 18, France.,Groupe de Recherche sur les Infections Pendant la Grossesse (GRIG), Vélizy, France
| | - O Picone
- Service de gynécologie et obstétrique and Risk in pregnancy university department, Hôpital Louis-Mourier, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 178, rue des Renouillers, 92700, Colombes, France. .,IAME (Infection, Antimicrobials, Modelling, Evolution), INSERM, UMR 1137 - UFR de Médecine Paris 7 Denis Diderot, 16 rue Henri Huchard, B.P. 416 - 75870, Paris cedex 18, France.
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12
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Hübner D, Jahn K, Pinkert S, Böhnke J, Jung M, Fechner H, Rujescu D, Liebert UG, Claus C. Infection of iPSC Lines with Miscarriage-Associated Coxsackievirus and Measles Virus and Teratogenic Rubella Virus as a Model for Viral Impairment of Early Human Embryogenesis. ACS Infect Dis 2017; 3:886-897. [PMID: 29043768 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines are a promising model for the early phase of human embryonic development. Here, their contribution to the still incompletely understood pathogenesis of congenital virus infections was evaluated. The infection of iPSC lines with miscarriage-associated coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) and measles virus (MV) was compared to the efficient teratogen rubella virus (RV). While CVB3 and MV were found to be cytopathogenic on iPSC lines, RV replicated without impairment of iPSC colony morphology and integrity. This so far outstanding course of infection enabled maintenance of RV-infected iPSC cultures over several passages and their subsequent differentiation to ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm. A modification of the metabolic profile of infected iPSC lines was the only common aspect for all three viruses. This study points toward two important aspects. First, iPSC lines represent a suitable cell culture model for early embryonic virus infection. Second, metabolic activity represents an important means for evaluation of pathogen-associated alterations in iPSC lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Hübner
- Institute
of Virology, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristin Jahn
- Institute
of Virology and Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, Talstrasse 33, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sandra Pinkert
- Department
of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Janik Böhnke
- Institute
of Virology and Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, Talstrasse 33, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Jung
- Department
of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle, Julius-Kühn-Str. 7, 06112 Halle, Germany
| | - Henry Fechner
- Department
of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department
of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle, Julius-Kühn-Str. 7, 06112 Halle, Germany
| | - Uwe Gerd Liebert
- Institute
of Virology, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Claus
- Institute
of Virology, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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13
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Méreaux J, Picone O, Vauloup-Fellous C, Khediri Z, Benachi A, Mandelbrot L, Ayoubi JM. [Enterovirus infection during pregnancy: Underestimated cause of fetal and neonatal complications?]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 45:231-237. [PMID: 28373042 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Enteroviruses are responsible for about one billion infections every year in the world. The clinical expression is in the vast majority asymptomatic cases (90%). Its consequences during pregnancy are rarely described. From the Medline database, we selected and analyzed 34 articles ranging from 1965 to 2015, to analyse the current knowledge of enterovirus infection consequences during pregnancy. We found that enterovirus infections may be the cause of fetal loss. The enterovirus infections during the 2nd and 3rd trimester may also lead to in utero fetal anomalies and death, but also to severe neonatal infections. PCR enterovirus detection should be performed during pregnancy and the peripartum in case of unexplained fever, specific fetal anomalies or unexplained fetal demise.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Méreaux
- Department of obstetrics and gynecology, hôpital Foch, 92120 Suresnes, France
| | - O Picone
- EA2493, UFR des sciences de la santé Simone-Veil, université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France; Risk in pregnancy university department, 75006 Paris, France; Service de gynécologie et obstétrique, hôpital Louis-Mourier, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 178, rue des Renouillers, 92700 Colombes, France; Université Paris-Diderot, 75013 Paris, France; Inserm CESP, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre cedex, France.
| | - C Vauloup-Fellous
- Inserm U1193, virologie, WHO Rubella NRL, National Reference Laboratory for Maternofetal Rubella Infections, AP-HP, hôpital Paul-Brousse, groupe hospitalier universitaire Paris-Sud, université Paris-Sud, 94804 Villejuif, France
| | - Z Khediri
- Risk in pregnancy university department, 75006 Paris, France; Service de gynécologie et obstétrique, hôpital Louis-Mourier, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 178, rue des Renouillers, 92700 Colombes, France; Université Paris-Diderot, 75013 Paris, France; Inserm CESP, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre cedex, France
| | - A Benachi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine and Centre, maladies rares : hernie de coupole diaphragmatique, hôpital Antoine-Béclère, AP-HP, université Paris Sud, 157, rue de la Porte-de-Trivaux, 92140 Clamart, France
| | - L Mandelbrot
- Risk in pregnancy university department, 75006 Paris, France; Service de gynécologie et obstétrique, hôpital Louis-Mourier, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 178, rue des Renouillers, 92700 Colombes, France; Université Paris-Diderot, 75013 Paris, France; Inserm CESP, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre cedex, France
| | - J-M Ayoubi
- Department of obstetrics and gynecology, hôpital Foch, 92120 Suresnes, France; EA2493, UFR des sciences de la santé Simone-Veil, université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
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14
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Jmii H, Halouani A, Elmastour F, Ifie E, Richardson SJ, Sane F, Mokni M, Aouni M, Hober D, Jaïdane H. Central nervous system infection following vertical transmission of Coxsackievirus B4 in mice. Pathog Dis 2016; 74:ftw096. [PMID: 27655912 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftw096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Coxsackie B viruses (CV-B) are important pathogens associated with several central nervous system (CNS) disorders. CV-B are mainly transmitted by the faecal-oral route, but there is also evidence for vertical transmission. The outcome of in utero CV-B infections on offspring's CNS is poorly explored. The aim of this study was to investigate vertical transmission of CV-B to the CNS. For this purpose, pregnant Swiss albino mice were intraperitoneally inoculated with CV-B4 E2 at gestational days 10G or 17G. Different CNS compartments were collected and analyzed for virus infection and histopathological changes. Using plaque assays, we demonstrated CV-B4 E2 vertical transmission to offspring's CNS. Viral RNA persisted in the CNS up to 60 days after birth, as evidenced by a sensitive semi-nested(sn) reverse transcripton(RT)-PCR method. This was despite infectious particles becoming undetectable at later time points. Persistence was associated with inflammatory lesions, lymphocyte infiltration and viral dsRNA detected by immunohistochemistry. Offspring born to dams mock- or virus-infected at day 17G were challenged by the same virus at day 21 after birth (-+ and ++ groups, respectively). Sn-RT-PCR and histology results compared between both ++ and -+ groups, show that in utero infection did not enhance CNS infection during challenge of the offspring with the same virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Jmii
- Université de Monastir, Laboratoire des Maladies Transmissibles et Substances Biologiquement Actives LR99ES27, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Aymen Halouani
- Université de Monastir, Laboratoire des Maladies Transmissibles et Substances Biologiquement Actives LR99ES27, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Firas Elmastour
- Université de Monastir, Laboratoire des Maladies Transmissibles et Substances Biologiquement Actives LR99ES27, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Eseoghene Ifie
- Institute of biomedical and clinical science, University of Exeter medical school, RILD building, Barrack Rd, Exeter, EX2 SDW, UK
| | - Sarah J Richardson
- Institute of biomedical and clinical science, University of Exeter medical school, RILD building, Barrack Rd, Exeter, EX2 SDW, UK
| | - Famara Sane
- Université Lille 2 CHRU Lille Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, Bâtiment P Boulanger, Hôpital A Calmette CHRU, 59037, Lille, France
| | - Moncef Mokni
- Université de Sousse, CHU Farhat Hached, Service d'Anatomopathologie, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mahjoub Aouni
- Université de Monastir, Laboratoire des Maladies Transmissibles et Substances Biologiquement Actives LR99ES27, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Didier Hober
- Université Lille 2 CHRU Lille Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, Bâtiment P Boulanger, Hôpital A Calmette CHRU, 59037, Lille, France
| | - Hela Jaïdane
- Université de Monastir, Laboratoire des Maladies Transmissibles et Substances Biologiquement Actives LR99ES27, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
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15
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Shim HM, Hwang JY, Lee KM, Kim Y, Jeong D, Roh J, Choi H, Hwang JH, Park H. Coxsackievirus B3 infection reduces female mouse fertility. Exp Anim 2015; 64:343-52. [PMID: 26062767 PMCID: PMC4637370 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.14-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously we demonstrated coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection during early gestation as a
cause of pregnancy loss. Here, we investigated the impacts of CVB3 infection on female
mouse fertility. Coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR) expression and CVB3 replication
in the ovary were evaluated by immunohistochemistry or reverse transcription-polymerase
chain reaction (RT-PCR). CAR was highly expressed in granulosa cells (GCs) and CVB3
replicated in the ovary. Histological analysis showed a significant increase in the number
of atretic follicles in the ovaries of CVB3-infected mice (CVBM). Estrous cycle evaluation
demonstrated that a higher number of CVBM were in proestrus compared to mock mice (CVBM
vs. mock; 61.5%, 28.5%, respectively). Estradiol concentration in GC culture supernatant
and serum were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Baseline and stimulated
levels of estradiol in GC were decreased in CVBM, consistent with significantly reduced
serum levels in these animals. In addition, aromatase transcript levels in GCs from CVBM
were also decreased by 40% relative to the mock. Bone mineral density evaluated by
micro-computed tomography was significantly decreased in the CVBM. Moreover, the fertility
rate was also significantly decreased for the CVBM compared to the mock (CVBM vs. mock;
20%, 94.7%, respectively). This study suggests that CVB3 infection could interfere with
reproduction by disturbing ovarian function and cyclic changes of the uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Min Shim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170, Hyeonchung-ro, Namgu, Daegu 705-703, Republic of Korea
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16
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Hwang JH, Kim JW, Hwang JY, Lee KM, Shim HM, Bae YK, Paik SS, Park H. Coxsackievirus B infection is highly related with missed abortion in Korea. Yonsei Med J 2014; 55:1562-7. [PMID: 25323892 PMCID: PMC4205695 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2014.55.6.1562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the possible relationship between viral infection and first trimester pregnancy loss. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective study was performed on 51 gravidas with missed abortion, fetal anomaly, pre-term delivery, and full-tem delivery at Hanyang University Hospital. Enteroviruses were detected by semi-nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry in abortive tissues and placentas. Enterovirus serotypes were confirmed by genome sequencing. Herpesviruses were detected by PCR. RESULTS Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) was detected in 8 of 14 missed abortion cases, 1 of 27 full-term cases, and none of the 9 pre-term cases. Coxsackievirus B1 (CVB1) was detected in an encephalocele case. Herpes simplex virus type 1 was found in 4 full-term cases, 3 pre-term cases, and none of the missed abortion cases. CONCLUSION The prevalence of CVB3 was significantly higher in missed abortion cases compared to full-term or pre-term delivery cases. CVB infection may therefore be an important etiological agent of missed abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hye Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Wook Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Young Hwang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyung Min Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hye Min Shim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Young Kyung Bae
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seung Sam Paik
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hosun Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea.
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