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Stem Cells: A Historical Review about Biological, Religious, and Ethical Issues. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:9978837. [PMID: 34012469 PMCID: PMC8105090 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9978837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells can be used to replace damaged cells or regenerate organs and have broadened our knowledge of the development and progression of certain diseases. Despite significant advances in understanding stem cell biology, several problems limit their use. These problems are related not only to the growth of tumors in animal models and their rejection in transplant cases but also to ethical and social issues about the use of embryonic cells. The ethical-scientific debate on this type of cells has taken on great interest both for their application in regenerative medicine and for the potential possibilities in the field of cell and gene therapy. Different points of view often have the expression of a perception that depends on scientific goals or opportunities or on religious traditions and beliefs. Therefore, as the questions and doubts about when life begins, so do the answers for the use of these cells as therapy or otherwise. So, in addition to the origin of stem cells, there are currently some social bioethical (such as political and legislative issues) and religious dilemmas. The purpose of the study is aimed at being a narrative on the history of stem cells and the evolution of their use to date, as well as to clarify the bioethical position of the various religions today in comparison with the social ones regarding the research and use of embryonic and adult ones. Hence, their biological hypostasis regarding the concepts of “conception” and “fertilization” and their development and therapeutic use compared to those of the main theological doctrines.
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Hassanpour M, Aghamohamadzade N, Cheraghi O, Heidarzadeh M, Nouri M. Current status of cardiac regenerative medicine; An update on point of view to cell therapy application. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2021; 12:256-268. [PMID: 33510874 PMCID: PMC7828760 DOI: 10.34172/jcvtr.2020.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally. Because of the economic and social burden of acute myocardial infarction and its chronic consequences in surviving patients, understanding the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction injury is a major priority for cardiovascular research. MI is defined as cardiomyocytes death caused by an ischemic that resulted from the apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, and autophagy. The phases of normal repair following MI including inflammatory, proliferation, and maturation. Normal repair is slow and inefficient generally so that other treatments are required. Because of difficulties, outcomes, and backwashes of traditional therapies including coronary artery bypass grafting, balloon angioplasty, heart transplantation, and artificial heart operations, the novel strategy in the treatment of MI, cell therapy, was newly emerged. In cell therapy, a new population of cells has created that substitute with damaged cells. Different types of stem cell and progenitor cells have been shown to improve cardiac function through various mechanisms, including the formation of new myocytes, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells. Bone marrow- and/or adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells, embryonic stem cells, autologous skeletal myoblasts, induced pluripotent stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, cardiac progenitor cells and cardiac pericytes considered as a source for cell therapy. In this study, we focused on the point of view of the cell sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Hassanpour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Omid Cheraghi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Nouri
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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黄 成, 赵 松, 程 飚, 陈 刚, 潘 界. [Effect of microfracture combined with biomimetic hydrogel scaffold on rotator cuff tendon-to-bone healing in rabbits]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2020; 34:1177-1183. [PMID: 32929913 PMCID: PMC8171741 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202001029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of microfracture and biomimetic hydrogel scaffold on tendon-to-bone healing in a rabbit rotator cuff tear model. METHODS Gelatin and methacrylic anhydride were used to synthesize gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA). Then the GelMA were treated with ultraviolet rays and vacuum freeze-drying method to obtain a biomimetic hydrogel scaffold. The morphology of the scaffold was observed by gross observation and scanning electron microscope. Degradation of the scaffold was determined at different time points. Twenty-four adult New Zealand rabbits, weighting 2.8-3.5 kg and male or female, were surgically created the bilateral acute rotator cuff tear models. One shoulder was treated with microfractures on the footprint and transosseous suture (control group, n=24). The other shoulder was treated with the same way, except for putting the scaffold on the footprint before transosseous suture (experimental group, n=24). The general conditions of rabbits were observed postoperatively. Tendon-to-bone healing was evaluated by gross observation, Micro-CT, HE staining, and bio-mechanical testing at 4 and 8 weeks after operation. RESULTS The scaffold was white and has a porous structure with pore size of 31.7-89.9 μm, which degraded slowly in PBS solution. The degradation rate was about 95% at 18 days. All the rabbits survived to the completion of the experiment. Micro-CT showed that there was no obvious defect and re-tear at the tendon-to-bone interface in both groups. No difference was found in bone mineral density (BMD), tissue mineral density (TMD), and bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) between the two groups at 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively ( P>0.05). HE staining showed that the fibrous scar tissue was the main component at the tendon-to-bone interface in the control group at 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively; the disorderly arranged mineralized cartilage and fibrocartilage formation were observed at the tendon-to-bone interface in the experimental group at 4 weeks, and the orderly arranged cartilage formation was observed at 8 weeks. Besides, the tendon maturation scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group at 4 and 8 weeks ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the ultimate load to failure and stiffness between the two groups at 4 weeks ( P>0.05); the ultimate load to failure at 8 weeks was significantly higher in the experiment group than in the control group ( t=4.162, P=0.009), and no significant difference was found in stiffness between the two groups at 8 weeks ( t=2.286, P=0.071). CONCLUSION Compared with microfracture alone, microfracture combined with biomimetic hydrogel scaffold can enhance tendon-to-bone healing and improve the ultimate load to failure in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- 成龙 黄
- 南京医科大学上海十院临床医学院骨科(上海 200072)Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical School, the Affiliated Shanghai No.10 People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200072, P.R.China
| | - 松 赵
- 南京医科大学上海十院临床医学院骨科(上海 200072)Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical School, the Affiliated Shanghai No.10 People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200072, P.R.China
| | - 飚 程
- 南京医科大学上海十院临床医学院骨科(上海 200072)Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical School, the Affiliated Shanghai No.10 People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200072, P.R.China
| | - 刚 陈
- 南京医科大学上海十院临床医学院骨科(上海 200072)Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical School, the Affiliated Shanghai No.10 People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200072, P.R.China
| | - 界恩 潘
- 南京医科大学上海十院临床医学院骨科(上海 200072)Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical School, the Affiliated Shanghai No.10 People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200072, P.R.China
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Finkelstein J, Parvanova I, Zhang F. Informatics Approaches for Harmonized Intelligent Integration of Stem Cell Research. Stem Cells Cloning 2020; 13:1-20. [PMID: 32099411 PMCID: PMC6996484 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s237361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As biomedical data integration and analytics play an increasing role in the field of stem cell research, it becomes important to develop ways to standardize, aggregate, and share data among researchers. For this reason, many databases have been developed in recent years in an attempt to systematically warehouse data from different stem cell projects and experiments at the same time. However, these databases vary widely in their implementation and structure. The aim of this scoping review is to characterize the main features of available stem cell databases in order to identify specifications useful for implementation in future stem cell databases. We conducted a scoping review of peer-reviewed literature and online resources to identify and review available stem cell databases. To identify the relevant databases, we performed a PubMed search using relevant MeSH terms followed by a web search for databases which may not have an associated journal article. In total, we identified 16 databases to include in this review. The data elements reported in these databases represented a broad spectrum of parameters from basic socio-demographic variables to various cells characteristics, cell surface markers expression, and clinical trial results. Three broad sets of functional features that provide utility for future stem cell research and facilitate bioinformatics workflows were identified. These features consisted of the following: common data elements, data visualization and analysis tools, and biomedical ontologies for data integration. Stem cell bioinformatics is a quickly evolving field that generates a growing number of heterogeneous data sets. Further progress in the stem cell research may be greatly facilitated by development of applications for intelligent stem cell data aggregation, sharing and collaboration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Finkelstein
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Irena Parvanova
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frederick Zhang
- Center for Bioinformatics and Data Analytics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Poonsombudlert K, Limpruttidham N. Total Body Irradiation and Risk of Diabetes Mellitus; A Meta-Analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:885-891. [PMID: 30912408 PMCID: PMC6825782 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.3.885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) has recently emerged as a cure for previously “incurable”
diseases and is being explored and attempted in many other fields including congenital and acquired non-malignant
diseases. However, the long-term side effect associated with HSCT especially Total Body Irradiation (TBI) is still
understudied. Therefore, we attempted to establish association between TBI and risk of developing Diabetes Mellitus
(DM) or impaired glucose metabolism (IGM). Methods: We searched for titles of articles in MEDLINE (PubMed),
EMBASE, and Cochrane library in August 2018 that evaluated the association between TBI in the setting of HSCT
and DM or IGM. We conducted a random effect meta-analysis of 11 studies involving a total of 13,191 participants
and reported the pooled MD (mean difference) for the development of DM/IGM after TBI as part of the conditioning
regimen for HSCT. Results: We found a significant increase in the risk of developing DM/IGM after TBI is used as
part of the conditioning regimen compared to other types of conditioning regimen with the pooled MD being 5.42, 95%
Confidence Interval (CI) 2.51-11.71, I2=92.4%. Conclusion: TBI as a conditioning regimen in the setting of HSCT
significantly increases the risk of developing DM/IGM. Therefore, we recommend close monitoring and screening for
diabetes mellitus in patients who underwent TBI before HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nath Limpruttidham
- University of Hawaii, internal Medicine Residency Program, Honolulu, HI, USA.
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Krajewska-Włodarczyk M, Owczarczyk-Saczonek A, Placek W, Osowski A, Wojtkiewicz J. Articular Cartilage Aging-Potential Regenerative Capacities of Cell Manipulation and Stem Cell Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E623. [PMID: 29470431 PMCID: PMC5855845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in articular cartilage during the aging process are a stage of natural changes in the human body. Old age is the major risk factor for osteoarthritis but the disease does not have to be an inevitable consequence of aging. Chondrocytes are particularly prone to developing age-related changes. Changes in articular cartilage that take place in the course of aging include the acquisition of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype by chondrocytes, a decrease in the sensitivity of chondrocytes to growth factors, a destructive effect of chronic production of reactive oxygen species and the accumulation of the glycation end products. All of these factors affect the mechanical properties of articular cartilage. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms in the process of articular cartilage aging may help to create new therapies aimed at slowing or inhibiting age-related modifications of articular cartilage. This paper presents the causes and consequences of cellular aging of chondrocytes and the biological therapeutic outlook for the regeneration of age-related changes of articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Krajewska-Włodarczyk
- Department of Rheumatology, Municipal Hospital in Olsztyn, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland.
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland.
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Owczarczyk-Saczonek
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Waldemar Placek
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Adam Osowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Joanna Wojtkiewicz
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland.
- Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland.
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Krajewska-Włodarczyk M, Owczarczyk-Saczonek A, Placek W, Osowski A, Engelgardt P, Wojtkiewicz J. Role of Stem Cells in Pathophysiology and Therapy of Spondyloarthropathies-New Therapeutic Possibilities? Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010080. [PMID: 29283375 PMCID: PMC5796030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable progress has been made recently in understanding the complex pathogenesis and treatment of spondyloarthropathies (SpA). Currently, along with traditional disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), TNF-α, IL-12/23 and IL-17 are available for treatment of such diseases as ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Although they adequately control inflammatory symptoms, they do not affect the abnormal bone formation processes associated with SpA. However, the traditional therapeutic approach does not cover the regenerative treatment of damaged tissues. In this regards, stem cells may offer a promising, safe and effective therapeutic option. The aim of this paper is to present the role of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) in pathogenesis of SpA and to highlight the opportunities for using stem cells in regenerative processes and in the treatment of inflammatory changes in articular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Krajewska-Włodarczyk
- Department of Rheumatology, Municipal Hospital in Olsztyn, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland.
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Owczarczyk-Saczonek
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Waldemar Placek
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Adam Osowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Piotr Engelgardt
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Joanna Wojtkiewicz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland.
- Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland.
- Foundation for Nerve Cell Regeneration, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland.
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Nasello M, Schirò G, Crapanzano F, Balistreri CR. Stem Cells and Other Emerging Agents as Innovative "Drugs" in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Benefits and Limitations. Rejuvenation Res 2017; 21:123-140. [PMID: 28728479 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2017.1946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain has a limited process of repair/regeneration linked to the restricted and localized activity of neuronal stem cells. Consequently, it shows a reduced capacity to counteract the age-related loss of neural and glial cells and to repair the consequent injuries/lesions of nervous system. This progressively determines nervous dysfunction and onset/progression of neurodegenerative diseases, which represent a serious social (and economic) problem of our populations. Thus, the research of efficient treatments is encouraged. Stem cell therapy might represent a solution. Today, it, indeed, represents the object of intensive research with the hope of using it, in a near future, as effective therapy for these diseases and preventive treatment in susceptible individuals. Here, we report and discuss the data of the recent studies on this field, underling the obstacles and benefits. We also illustrate alternative measures of intervention, which represent another parallel aim for the care of neurodegenerative pathology-affected individuals. Thus, the road for delaying or retarding these diseases appears hard and long, but the advances might be different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Nasello
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo , Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Schirò
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo , Palermo, Italy
| | - Floriana Crapanzano
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo , Palermo, Italy
| | - Carmela Rita Balistreri
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo , Palermo, Italy
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Abstract
In a quest to provide best-quality treatment, results, and long-term prognosis, physicians must be well versed in emerging sciences and discoveries to more favorably provide suitable options to patients. Bioengineering and regeneration have rapidly developed, and with them, the options afforded to surgeons are ever-expanding. Grafting techniques can be modified according to evolving knowledge. The basic principles of bioengineering are discussed in this article to provide a solid foundation for favorable treatment and a comprehensive understanding of the reasons why each particular treatment available can be the most adequate for each particular case.
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Portis SM, Sanberg PR. Regenerative Rehabilitation: An Innovative and Multifactorial Approach to Recovery From Stroke and Brain Injury. CELL MEDICINE 2017; 9:67-71. [PMID: 28713637 DOI: 10.3727/215517917x693393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
There is currently a dearth of treatment options for stroke or traumatic brain injury that can restore cognitive and motor function. Regenerative and translational medicine have ushered forth promising new methods for mediating recovery in the central nervous system, the most salient of which are rehabilitation and stem cell therapies that, when combined, result in more pronounced recovery than one approach alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Portis
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Paul R Sanberg
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Wang B, Zhang L, Cao H, Yang J, Wu M, Ma Y, Fan H, Zhan Z, Liu Z. Myoblast transplantation improves cardiac function after myocardial infarction through attenuating inflammatory responses. Oncotarget 2017; 8:68780-68794. [PMID: 28978156 PMCID: PMC5620296 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a highly prevalent cardiac emergency, which results in adverse cardiac remodeling and then exacerbates progressive heart failure. Inflammatory responses in cardiac tissue after MI is necessary for myocardium repair and wound healing. However, the excessive inflammation is also a key component of subsequent heart failure pathology. Myoblast transplantation after MI have been fulfilled attractive effects on cardiac repair, but the complications of transplantation and the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Here, we found that human myoblast transplantation into minipig myocardium decreased the infiltration of inflammatory cells, the expression levels of many pro-inflammatory genes and the activation of inflammation-related signal pathways, while upregulated the expression levels of anti-inflammatory genes such as IL-10 in cardiac tissue of minipig post-MI, which was contributed to the improved cardiac function, the decreased infarct area and the attenuated myocardial fibrosis. Moreover, co-culture of human myoblasts inhibited the production of IL-1β and TNF-α as well as activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway induced by damage-associated molecular patterns such as HMGB1 and HSP60 in human THP-1 cells, which was partially attributed to the up-regulated production of IL-10. Collectively, these results indicate that myoblast transplantation ameliorates heart injury and improves cardiac function post-MI through inhibiting the inflammatory response, which provides the novel mechanism for myoblast transplantation therapy of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China and Institute of Heart Failure, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Likui Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Institute of Heart Failure, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Hao Cao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Institute of Heart Failure, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Junqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China and Institute of Heart Failure, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Manya Wu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China and Institute of Heart Failure, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yali Ma
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China and Institute of Heart Failure, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Huimin Fan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Institute of Heart Failure, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China and Institute of Heart Failure, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Institute of Heart Failure, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
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Warnecke A, Mellott AJ, Römer A, Lenarz T, Staecker H. Advances in translational inner ear stem cell research. Hear Res 2017; 353:76-86. [PMID: 28571616 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell research is expanding our understanding of developmental biology as well as promising the development of new therapies for a range of different diseases. Within hearing research, the use of stem cells has focused mainly on cell replacement. Stem cells however have a broad range of other potential applications that are just beginning to be explored in the ear. Mesenchymal stem cells are an adult derived stem cell population that have been shown to produce growth factors, modulate the immune system and can differentiate into a wide variety of tissue types. Potential advantages of mesenchymal/adult stem cells are that they have no ethical constraints on their use. However, appropriate regulatory oversight seems necessary in order to protect patients from side effects. Disadvantages may be the lack of efficacy in many preclinical studies. But if proven safe and efficacious, they are easily translatable to clinical trials. The current review will focus on the potential application on mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of inner ear disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia Warnecke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all" of the German Research Foundation, Germany
| | - Adam J Mellott
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Ariane Römer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all" of the German Research Foundation, Germany
| | - Thomas Lenarz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all" of the German Research Foundation, Germany
| | - Hinrich Staecker
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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Müller P, Gaebel R, Lemcke H, Wiekhorst F, Hausburg F, Lang C, Zarniko N, Westphal B, Steinhoff G, David R. Intramyocardial fate and effect of iron nanoparticles co-injected with MACS ® purified stem cell products. Biomaterials 2017; 135:74-84. [PMID: 28494265 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS®) is routinely used to isolate stem cell subpopulations intended for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In strong contrast, studies examining the amount, effect and intramyocardial distribution of iron nanoparticles used for magnetic cell labelling are missing, although iron excess can cause functional disorders in the heart. METHODS AND RESULTS CD133+ haematopoietic and CD271+ mesenchymal stem cells were purified from bone marrow using automatically and manually MACS® based systems. Flow cytometric measurements demonstrated a rapid loss of MACS® MicroBeads from cells under culture conditions, while storage under hypothermic conditions decelerated their detachment. Moreover, an average loading of ∼11 fg iron/cell caused by magnetic labelling was determined in magnetic particle spectroscopy. Importantly, hemodynamic measurements as well as histological examinations using a myocardial ischemia/reperfusion mouse model showed no influence of MACS® MicroBeads on cardiac regeneration, while the transplantation of stem cells caused a significant improvement. Furthermore, immunostainings demonstrated the clearance of co-injected iron nanoparticles from stem cells and the surrounding heart tissue within 48 h post transplantation. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that iron amounts typically co-injected with MACS® purified stem cells do not harm cardiac functions and are cleared from heart tissue within a few hours. Therefore, we conclude that MACS® MicroBeads exhibit a good compatibility in the cardiac environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Müller
- Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC), Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69, 18057 Rostock, Germany; Department Life, Light and Matter of the Interdisciplinary Faculty at Rostock University, Albert-Einstein Straße 25, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Ralf Gaebel
- Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC), Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69, 18057 Rostock, Germany; Department Life, Light and Matter of the Interdisciplinary Faculty at Rostock University, Albert-Einstein Straße 25, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Heiko Lemcke
- Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC), Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69, 18057 Rostock, Germany; Department Life, Light and Matter of the Interdisciplinary Faculty at Rostock University, Albert-Einstein Straße 25, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Frank Wiekhorst
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Frauke Hausburg
- Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC), Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69, 18057 Rostock, Germany; Department Life, Light and Matter of the Interdisciplinary Faculty at Rostock University, Albert-Einstein Straße 25, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Cajetan Lang
- Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC), Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69, 18057 Rostock, Germany; Department of Cardiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 6, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Nicole Zarniko
- Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC), Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Bernd Westphal
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Gustav Steinhoff
- Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC), Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69, 18057 Rostock, Germany; Department Life, Light and Matter of the Interdisciplinary Faculty at Rostock University, Albert-Einstein Straße 25, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Robert David
- Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC), Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69, 18057 Rostock, Germany; Department Life, Light and Matter of the Interdisciplinary Faculty at Rostock University, Albert-Einstein Straße 25, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
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14
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Yang B, Qiu Y, Zhou N, Ouyang H, Ding J, Cheng B, Sun J. Application of Stem Cells in Oral Disease Therapy: Progresses and Perspectives. Front Physiol 2017; 8:197. [PMID: 28421002 PMCID: PMC5376595 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are undifferentiated and pluripotent cells that can differentiate into specialized cells with a more specific function. Stem cell therapies become preferred methods for the treatment of multiple diseases. Oral and maxillofacial defect is one kind of the diseases that could be most possibly cured by stem cell therapies. Here we discussed oral diseases, oral adult stem cells, iPS cells, and the progresses/challenges/perspectives of application of stem cells for oral disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Yi Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Niu Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Hong Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Junjun Ding
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
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15
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Skorska A, Müller P, Gaebel R, Große J, Lemcke H, Lux CA, Bastian M, Hausburg F, Zarniko N, Bubritzki S, Ruch U, Tiedemann G, David R, Steinhoff G. GMP-conformant on-site manufacturing of a CD133 + stem cell product for cardiovascular regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:33. [PMID: 28187777 PMCID: PMC5303262 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0467-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CD133+ stem cells represent a promising subpopulation for innovative cell-based therapies in cardiovascular regeneration. Several clinical trials have shown remarkable beneficial effects following their intramyocardial transplantation. Yet, the purification of CD133+ stem cells is typically performed in centralized clean room facilities using semi-automatic manufacturing processes based on magnetic cell sorting (MACS®). However, this requires time-consuming and cost-intensive logistics. Methods CD133+ stem cells were purified from patient-derived sternal bone marrow using the recently developed automatic CliniMACS Prodigy® BM-133 System (Prodigy). The entire manufacturing process, as well as the subsequent quality control of the final cell product (CP), were realized on-site and in compliance with EU guidelines for Good Manufacturing Practice. The biological activity of automatically isolated CD133+ cells was evaluated and compared to manually isolated CD133+ cells via functional assays as well as immunofluorescence microscopy. In addition, the regenerative potential of purified stem cells was assessed 3 weeks after transplantation in immunodeficient mice which had been subjected to experimental myocardial infarction. Results We established for the first time an on-site manufacturing procedure for stem CPs intended for the treatment of ischemic heart diseases using an automatized system. On average, 0.88 × 106 viable CD133+ cells with a mean log10 depletion of 3.23 ± 0.19 of non-target cells were isolated. Furthermore, we demonstrated that these automatically isolated cells bear proliferation and differentiation capacities comparable to manually isolated cells in vitro. Moreover, the automatically generated CP shows equal cardiac regeneration potential in vivo. Conclusions Our results indicate that the Prodigy is a powerful system for automatic manufacturing of a CD133+ CP within few hours. Compared to conventional manufacturing processes, future clinical application of this system offers multiple benefits including stable CP quality and on-site purification under reduced clean room requirements. This will allow saving of time, reduced logistics and diminished costs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-016-0467-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Skorska
- Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC), Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 68, Rostock, 18057, Germany.,Department Life, Light and Matter of the Interdisciplinary Faculty at Rostock University, Albert-Einstein Straße 25, Rostock, 18059, Germany
| | - Paula Müller
- Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC), Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 68, Rostock, 18057, Germany
| | - Ralf Gaebel
- Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC), Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 68, Rostock, 18057, Germany
| | - Jana Große
- Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC), Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 68, Rostock, 18057, Germany
| | - Heiko Lemcke
- Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC), Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 68, Rostock, 18057, Germany.,Department Life, Light and Matter of the Interdisciplinary Faculty at Rostock University, Albert-Einstein Straße 25, Rostock, 18059, Germany
| | - Cornelia A Lux
- Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC), Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 68, Rostock, 18057, Germany
| | - Manuela Bastian
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (ILAB), Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 6, Rostock, 18057, Germany
| | - Frauke Hausburg
- Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC), Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 68, Rostock, 18057, Germany
| | - Nicole Zarniko
- Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC), Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 68, Rostock, 18057, Germany
| | - Sandra Bubritzki
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 35, Rostock, 18057, Germany
| | - Ulrike Ruch
- Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC), Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 68, Rostock, 18057, Germany
| | - Gudrun Tiedemann
- Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC), Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 68, Rostock, 18057, Germany
| | - Robert David
- Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC), Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 68, Rostock, 18057, Germany.,Department Life, Light and Matter of the Interdisciplinary Faculty at Rostock University, Albert-Einstein Straße 25, Rostock, 18059, Germany
| | - Gustav Steinhoff
- Department Life, Light and Matter of the Interdisciplinary Faculty at Rostock University, Albert-Einstein Straße 25, Rostock, 18059, Germany. .,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 35, Rostock, 18057, Germany.
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16
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Stevens S. Synthetic Biology in Cell and Organ Transplantation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:cshperspect.a029561. [PMID: 28003184 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The transplantation of cells and organs has an extensive history, with blood transfusion and skin grafts described as some of the earliest medical interventions. The speed and efficiency of the human immune system evolved to rapidly recognize and remove pathogens; the human immune system also serves as a barrier against the transplant of cells and organs from even highly related donors. Although this shows the remarkable effectiveness of the immune system, the engineering of cells and organs that will survive in a host patient over the long term remains a steep challenge. Progress in the understanding of host immune responses to donor cells and organs, combined with the rapid advancement in synthetic biology applications, allows the rational engineering of more effective solutions for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Stevens
- Mammalian Synthetic Biology, Synthetic Genomics, Inc., La Jolla, California 92037
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17
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Aghamir SMR, Mehrabani D, Amini M, Mosleh-Shirazi MA, Nematolahi S, Shekoohi-Shooli F, Mortazavi SMJ, Razeghian Jahromi I. The Regenerative Effect of Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells on Cell Count and Survival in Acute Radiation Syndrome. World J Plast Surg 2017; 6:111-113. [PMID: 28289623 PMCID: PMC5339619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mahmood Reza Aghamir
- Department of Radiology and Radiotherapy, School of paramedical, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Mehrabani
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoud Amini
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Samaneh Nematolahi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shekoohi-Shooli
- Department of Radiology and Radiotherapy, School of paramedical, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Iman Razeghian Jahromi
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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19
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Cheng SK, Park EY, Pehar A, Rooney AC, Gallicano GI. Current progress of human trials using stem cell therapy as a treatment for diabetes mellitus. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF STEM CELLS 2016; 5:74-86. [PMID: 27853629 PMCID: PMC5107652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus affects millions of people worldwide, and is associated with serious complications that affect nearly all body systems. Because of the severity of this global health concern, there is a great deal of research being performed on alternative treatments and possible cures. Previous treatments for diabetes have included exogenous insulin injection and pancreatic islet transplantations. These treatment methods have several limitations; thus, the use of stem cells in treating diabetes is currently a significant area of research. This review outlines current research on stem cell therapy for diabetes mellitus. Numerous studies have been performed on animals using various types of stem cells, including mesenchymal stem cells and embryonic stem cells. Moreover, results and limitations of animal studies have been confirmed in various clinical trials. Overall, stem cell treatment shows prospective advantages over insulin injections and other current treatment options, and ongoing clinical trials suggest that this therapy may be a viable treatment option for diabetics in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuk Kei Cheng
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical CenterWashington DC, USA
| | - Elisse Y Park
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical CenterWashington DC, USA
| | - Andjela Pehar
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical CenterWashington DC, USA
| | - Alexandra C Rooney
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical CenterWashington DC, USA
| | - G. Ian Gallicano
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical CenterWashington DC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical CenterWashington DC, USA
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20
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Magnet-Bead Based MicroRNA Delivery System to Modify CD133 + Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:7152761. [PMID: 27795713 PMCID: PMC5067480 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7152761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. CD133+ stem cells bear huge potential for regenerative medicine. However, low retention in the injured tissue and massive cell death reduce beneficial effects. In order to address these issues, we intended to develop a nonviral system for appropriate cell engineering. Materials and Methods. Modification of human CD133+ stem cells with magnetic polyplexes carrying microRNA was studied in terms of efficiency, safety, and targeting potential. Results. High microRNA uptake rates (~80-90%) were achieved without affecting CD133+ stem cell properties. Modified cells can be magnetically guided. Conclusion. We developed a safe and efficient protocol for CD133+ stem cell modification. Our work may become a basis to improve stem cell therapeutical effects as well as their monitoring with magnetic resonance imaging.
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21
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Altabas V, Altabas K, Kirigin L. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in ageing and age-related diseases: How currently available treatment modalities affect EPC biology, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular outcomes. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 159:49-62. [PMID: 26919825 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are mononuclear cells that circulate in the blood and are derived from different tissues, expressing cell surface markers that are similar to mature endothelial cells. The discovery of EPCs has lead to new insights in vascular repair and atherosclerosis and also a new theory for ageing. EPCs from the bone marrow and some other organs aid in vascular repair by migrating to distant vessels where they differentiate into mature endothelial cells and replace old and injured endothelial cells. The ability of EPCs to repair vascular damage depends on their number and functionality. Currently marketed drugs used in a variety of diseases can modulate these characteristics. In this review, the effect of currently available treatment options for cardiovascular and metabolic disorders on EPC biology will be discussed. The various EPC-based therapies that will be discussed include lipid-lowering agents, antihypertensive agents, antidiabetic drugs, phosphodiesteraze inhibitors, hormones, as well as EPC capturing stents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velimir Altabas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Clinical Hospital "Sestre milosrdnice", Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Karmela Altabas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Clinical Hospital "Sestre milosrdnice", Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Lora Kirigin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Clinical Hospital "Sestre milosrdnice", Zagreb, Croatia.
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